Relevant bibliographies by topics / Sulfur isotopes

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Academic literature on the topic 'Sulfur isotopes'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 8 June 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Sulfur isotopes"

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Bataille, Clément P., Klervia Jaouen, Stefania Milano, Manuel Trost, Sven Steinbrenner, Éric Crubézy, and Rozenn Colleter. "Triple sulfur-oxygen-strontium isotopes probabilistic geographic assignment of archaeological remains using a novel sulfur isoscape of western Europe." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (May 5, 2021): e0250383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250383.

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Sulfur isotope composition of organic tissues is a commonly used tool for gathering information about provenance and diet in archaeology and paleoecology. However, the lack of maps predicting sulfur isotope variations on the landscape limits the possibility to use this isotopic system in quantitative geographic assignments. We compiled a database of 2,680 sulfur isotope analyses in the collagen of archaeological human and animal teeth from 221 individual locations across Western Europe. We used this isotopic compilation and remote sensing data to apply a multivariate machine-learning regression, and to predict sulfur isotope variations across Western Europe. The resulting model shows that sulfur isotope patterns are highly predictable, with 65% of sulfur isotope variations explained using only 4 variables representing marine sulfate deposition and local geological conditions. We used this novel sulfur isoscape and existing strontium and oxygen isoscapes of Western Europe to apply triple isotopes continuous-surface probabilistic geographic assignments to assess the origin of a series of teeth from local animals and humans from Brittany. We accurately and precisely constrained the origin of these individuals to limited regions of Brittany. This approach is broadly transferable to studies in archaeology and paleoecology as illustrated in a companion paper (Colleter et al. 2021).
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Arneson, Lynne S., Stephen MacAvoy, and Ethan Basset. "Metabolic protein replacement drives tissue turnover in adult mice." Canadian Journal of Zoology 84, no. 7 (July 1, 2006): 992–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z06-081.

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Stable isotopes are increasingly being used to examine ecological and physiological questions, such as dietary choices, migration routes and timing, and physiological condition. To address these questions in the field, laboratory experiments must be done to determine diet–tissue discrimination values and turnover rates for stable isotopes in tissues. In this study, we examined the carbon and nitrogen turnover rates of whole blood, skeletal muscle, liver, kidney, heart, and brain, as well as the sulfur turnover rate of whole blood, skeletal muscle, and liver in Mus musculus L., 1758 following a diet change. By examining tissue isotope change in two groups of mice fed different diets, we found that tissues turnover at different rates (in order of fastest to slowest — liver, kidney, heart, brain, whole blood, skeletal muscle), but that carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur isotopes turned over with similar half-lives within a single tissue. By using a diet with different nutrient isotopic values, we also calculated that up to approximately 90%–95% of carbon in newly synthesized tissue was contributed by dietary protein. These results will provide field researchers with additional tissue isotopic half-lives to elucidate dietary history with a greater degree of certainty. The tissue sulfur half-lives provide an extra stable isotope that may be used in situations where carbon and nitrogen values do not differ between old and new nutrient sources.
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Lin, Mang, Xiaolin Zhang, Menghan Li, Yilun Xu, Zhisheng Zhang, Jun Tao, Binbin Su, Lanzhong Liu, Yanan Shen, and Mark H. Thiemens. "Five-S-isotope evidence of two distinct mass-independent sulfur isotope effects and implications for the modern and Archean atmospheres." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 34 (August 6, 2018): 8541–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1803420115.

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The signature of mass-independent fractionation of quadruple sulfur stable isotopes (S-MIF) in Archean rocks, ice cores, and Martian meteorites provides a unique probe of the oxygen and sulfur cycles in the terrestrial and Martian paleoatmospheres. Its mechanistic origin, however, contains some uncertainties. Even for the modern atmosphere, the primary mechanism responsible for the S-MIF observed in nearly all tropospheric sulfates has not been identified. Here we present high-sensitivity measurements of a fifth sulfur isotope, stratospherically produced radiosulfur, along with all four stable sulfur isotopes in the same sulfate aerosols and a suite of chemical species to define sources and mechanisms on a field observational basis. The five-sulfur-isotope and multiple chemical species analysis approach provides strong evidence that S-MIF signatures in tropospheric sulfates are concomitantly affected by two distinct processes: an altitude-dependent positive 33S anomaly, likely linked to stratospheric SO2 photolysis, and a negative 36S anomaly mainly associated with combustion. Our quadruple stable sulfur isotopic measurements in varying coal samples (formed in the Carboniferous, Permian, and Triassic periods) and in SO2 emitted from combustion display normal 33S and 36S, indicating that the observed negative 36S anomalies originate from a previously unknown S-MIF mechanism during combustion (likely recombination reactions) instead of coal itself. The basic chemical physics of S-MIF in both photolytic and thermal reactions and their interplay, which were not explored together in the past, may be another ingredient for providing deeper understanding of the evolution of Earth’s atmosphere and life’s origin.
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Tian, Jiepeng, Jinhui Wang, Tongliang Tian, Ligong Wang, Yingpeng Wang, Xiaowei Yu, Wen Zhang, Tianlong Ren, and Bin Sun. "In-Situ Geochemical and Rb–Sr Dating Analysis of Sulfides from a Gold Deposit Offshore of Northern Sanshandao, Jiaodong Peninsula, North China: Implications for Gold Mineralization." Minerals 14, no. 5 (April 26, 2024): 456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min14050456.

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The gold deposit offshore of Northern Sanshandao is an ultra-large-scale gold deposit discovered in the Jiaodong ore area in recent years. This deposit is a fractured-zone altered-rock-type gold deposit; however, its ore genesis and precise mineralization processes are still highly controversial. Based on petrographical observation, the trace elements, sulfur isotopes, and rubidium–strontium isotopes of the gold-bearing pyrite were analyzed using LA-MC-ICP-MS to obtain the source of the ore-forming fluids and ore genesis. The results show that Au has a good positive correlation with Ag, As, and Cu. It is speculated that the As in the pyrite of the gold deposit offshore of Northern Sanshandao is in the form of As−, replacing S− and entering the pyrite, causing its lattice defects, and thus promoting the entry of Au+ into the gold-bearing pyrite. The Co/Ni ratios mainly range between 0.1 and 10, indicating that the mineralization process has experienced different forms of hydrothermal evolution and the mixing of different fluids. The results of the in-situ sulfur isotope analysis show that pyrite δ34S in the mineralization period is characterized by a high sulfur value. The authors of this study believe that the initial sulfur isotope composition has mantle-derived components. The large-scale, deep cutting, and high degree of fragmentation in the Sanshandao fault zone are conducive to the interaction between fluids and rocks, as well as the mixing and addition of seawater, resulting in the characteristic high δ34S value. The Sr isotopic compositions indicate a crust–mantle mixing attribute of the mineralized material source. The Rb–Sr isochron age of the pyrite is 118.5 ± 0.65 Ma, which represents the age of gold mineralization. According to the characteristics of the trace elements and sulfur isotopes, it is inferred that the gold deposit minerals offshore of Northern Sanshandao originated from deep magmatic-hydrothermal reservoirs, and the mixing of seawater and Au–As-rich hydrothermal fluids was the formation mechanism of huge amounts of gold precipitation.
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Saitoh, Masafumi, Sami Nabhan, Christophe Thomazo, Nicolas Olivier, Jean-François Moyen, Yuichiro Ueno, and Johanna Marin-Carbonne. "Multiple Sulfur Isotope Records of the 3.22 Ga Moodies Group, Barberton Greenstone Belt." Geosciences 10, no. 4 (April 16, 2020): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10040145.

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The Moodies Group, the uppermost unit in the Barberton Greenstone Belt (BGB) in South Africa, is a ~3.7-km-thick coarse clastic succession accumulated on terrestrial-to-shallow marine settings at around 3.22 Ga. The multiple sulfur isotopic composition of pyrite of Moodies intervals was newly obtained to examine the influence of these depositional settings on the sulfur isotope record. Conglomerate and sandstone rocks were collected from three synclines north of the Inyoka Fault of the central BGB, namely, the Eureka, Dycedale, and Saddleback synclines. The sulfur isotopic composition of pyrite was analyzed by Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) for 6 samples from the three synclines and by Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (IR-MS) for 17 samples from a stratigraphic section in the Saddleback Syncline. The present results show a signal of mass-independent fractionation of sulfur isotopes (S-MIF), although t-tests statistically demonstrated that the Moodies S-MIF signals (mostly 0‰ < ∆33S < +0.5‰) are significantly small compared to the signal of the older Paleoarchean (3.6–3.2 Ga) records. These peculiar signatures might be related to initial deposition of detrital pyrite of juvenile origin from the surrounding intrusive (tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorite; TTG) and felsic volcanic rocks, and/or to secondary addition of hydrothermal sulfur during late metasomatism. Moreover, fast accumulation (~0.1–1 mm/year) of the Moodies sediments might have led to a reduced accumulation of sulfur derived from an atmospheric source during their deposition. As a result, the sulfur isotopic composition of the sediments may have become susceptible to the secondary addition of metasomatic sulfur on a mass balance point of view. The sulfur isotopic composition of Moodies pyrite is similar to the composition of sulfides from nearby gold mines. It suggests that, after the Moodies deposition, metasomatic pyrite formation commonly occurred north of the Inyoka Fault in the central BGB at 3.1–3.0 Ga.
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Miller, J. J., G. J. Beke, S. Pawluk, and H. R. Krouse. "Sulfur and oxygen isotopic composition of sulfates at two saline sites in southern Alberta." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 73, no. 4 (November 1, 1993): 633–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss93-061.

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Possible sources of SO4 in soil, drift and bedrock at two saline sites in southern Alberta were investigated using sulfur and oxygen isotope analyses. Slight differences (0.6–5.2 per mil) between δ34S values of SO4 and insoluble S in the geologic material were attributed to kinetic fractionation during oxidation of organic S. Negative δ18O values of SO4 in the shallow (<6 m) bedrock, drift and soil reflected oxidation of reduced S. In contrast, positive δ18O values in the deep (>6 m) bedrock indicated sulfate reduction. The exact source of SO4 could not be determined in this preliminary study. The isotope approach, however, shows promise and warrants more detailed study. Key words: Salinization, sulfates, sulfur isotopes, oxygen isotopes
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Rossete, Alexssandra Luiza Rodrigues Molina, Josiane Meire Toloti Carneiro, Carlos Roberto Sant Ana Filho, and José Albertino Bendassolli. "Isotope determination of sulfur by mass spectrometry in soil samples." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 36, no. 6 (December 2012): 1787–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832012000600012.

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Sulphur plays an essential role in plants and is one of the main nutrients in several metabolic processes. It has four stable isotopes (32S, 33S, 34S, and 36S) with a natural abundance of 95.00, 0.76, 4.22, and 0.014 in atom %, respectively. A method for isotopic determination of S by isotope-ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) in soil samples is proposed. The procedure involves the oxidation of organic S to sulphate (S-SO4(2-)), which was determined by dry combustion with alkaline oxidizing agents. The total S-SO4(2-) concentration was determined by turbidimetry and the results showed that the conversion process was adequate. To produce gaseous SO2 gas, BaSO4 was thermally decomposed in a vacuum system at 900 ºC in the presence of NaPO3. The isotope determination of S (atom % 34S atoms) was carried out by isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). In this work, the labeled material (K2(34)SO4) was used to validate the method of isotopic determination of S; the results were precise and accurate, showing the viability of the proposed method.
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Tarboush, Rania A., Stephen E. MacAvoy, Stephen A. Macko, and Victoria Connaughton. "Contribution of catabolic tissue replacement to the turnover of stable isotopes in Danio rerio." Canadian Journal of Zoology 84, no. 10 (October 2006): 1453–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z06-136.

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Stable isotopes of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur in organisms can trace nutrient sources and determine trophic interactions. However, time is required for an organism to reflect the isotopic composition of its diet. The rate at which an organism incorporates the isotopic signature of its food has a growth (k) component and a metabolic tissue replacement (m) component. This study shows that metabolic tissue replacement accounts for between 68% and 80% of the observed changes in isotopic signature in zebra danio ( Danio rerio (Hamilton, 1822)) muscle following a dietary shift, with the remainder owing to growth of new tissue. The half-lives of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur were ~53, ~147 and ~58 days, respectively. This indicates that a significant period of isotopic disequilibria exists before zebra danio resemble dietary isotopic composition. These results show that catabolic replacement of tissue, as well as growth, must be taken into account when predicting the rate of isotope incorporation in warm-water fish. When using isotopic ratios to decipher food webs and trophic interactions, researchers should be aware that the often held assumption of isotopic equilibrium between diet and consumer may be violated.
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Sim, Min Sub, Shuhei Ono, and Tanja Bosak. "Effects of Iron and Nitrogen Limitation on Sulfur Isotope Fractionation during Microbial Sulfate Reduction." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 78, no. 23 (September 21, 2012): 8368–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01842-12.

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ABSTRACTSulfate-reducing microbes utilize sulfate as an electron acceptor and produce sulfide that is depleted in heavy isotopes of sulfur relative to sulfate. Thus, the distribution of sulfur isotopes in sediments can trace microbial sulfate reduction (MSR), and it also has the potential to reflect the physiology of sulfate-reducing microbes. This study investigates the relationship between the availability of iron and reduced nitrogen and the magnitude of S-isotope fractionation during MSR by a marine sulfate-reducing bacterium, DMSS-1, aDesulfovibriospecies, isolated from salt marsh in Cape Cod, MA. Submicromolar levels of iron increase sulfur isotope fractionation by about 50% relative to iron-replete cultures of DMSS-1. Iron-limited cultures also exhibit decreased cytochromec-to-total protein ratios and cell-specific sulfate reduction rates (csSRR), implying changes in the electron transport chain that couples carbon and sulfur metabolisms. When DMSS-1 fixes nitrogen in ammonium-deficient medium, it also produces larger fractionation, but it occurs at faster csSRRs than in the ammonium-replete control cultures. The energy and reducing power required for nitrogen fixation may be responsible for the reverse trend between S-isotope fractionation and csSRR in this case. Iron deficiency and nitrogen fixation by sulfate-reducing microbes may lead to the large observed S-isotope effects in some euxinic basins and various anoxic sediments.
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Pellerin, André, Luke Anderson-Trocmé, Lyle G. Whyte, Grant M. Zane, Judy D. Wall, and Boswell A. Wing. "Sulfur Isotope Fractionation during the Evolutionary Adaptation of a Sulfate-Reducing Bacterium." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 81, no. 8 (February 6, 2015): 2676–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.03476-14.

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ABSTRACTDissimilatory sulfate reduction is a microbial catabolic pathway that preferentially processes less massive sulfur isotopes relative to their heavier counterparts. This sulfur isotope fractionation is recorded in ancient sedimentary rocks and generally is considered to reflect a phenotypic response to environmental variations rather than to evolutionary adaptation. Modern sulfate-reducing microorganisms isolated from similar environments can exhibit a wide range of sulfur isotope fractionations, suggesting that adaptive processes influence the sulfur isotope phenotype. To date, the relationship between evolutionary adaptation and isotopic phenotypes has not been explored. We addressed this by studying the covariation of fitness, sulfur isotope fractionation, and growth characteristics inDesulfovibrio vulgarisHildenborough in a microbial evolution experiment. After 560 generations, the mean fitness of the evolved lineages relative to the starting isogenic population had increased by ∼17%. After 927 generations, the mean fitness relative to the initial ancestral population had increased by ∼20%. Growth rate in exponential phase increased during the course of the experiment, suggesting that this was a primary influence behind the fitness increases. Consistent changes were observed within different selection intervals between fractionation and fitness. Fitness changes were associated with changes in exponential growth rate but changes in fractionation were not. Instead, they appeared to be a response to changes in the parameters that govern growth rate: yield and cell-specific sulfate respiration rate. We hypothesize that cell-specific sulfate respiration rate, in particular, provides a bridge that allows physiological controls on fractionation to cross over to the adaptive realm.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sulfur isotopes"

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Pruett, Lee. "Stable Sulfur Isotope Rations from West Antarctica and the Tien Shan Mountains: Sulfur Cycle Characteristics from Two Environmentally Distinct Areas." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2003. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/PruettL2003.pdf.

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Cousineau, Mélanie L. "Tracing Biogeochemical Processes Using Sulfur Stable Isotopes: Two Novel Applications." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23714.

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Abstract Dissimilatory microbial sulfate reduction (MSR) The specific objectives of the study were to provide the first measurements of sulfur isotope fractionation associated with acidophilic sulfate reducing-microorganisms, and to examine whether pH influences sulfur fractionation during MSR. The fractionation associated with the strains investigated was comparable to that of neutrophilic strains with similar metabolisms (4-12‰), but varied with pH. Two fractionation regimes were identified: one regime is consistent with fractionation during exponential growth, while the other – not identified previously - is not linked to active sulfate reduction and may result from internal sulfate accumulation. This would represent the first measurement of sulfur fractionation during sulfate uptake, the first step of MSR. Geological processes at the Cretaceous-Paleogene (KPg) boundary The KPg boundary is associated with one of the largest biological extinctions in the history of our planet. Two major geologic events - the Chicxulub bolide impact with evaporite terrane and the eruption of the Deccan continental flood basalts - coincide with the KPg boundary and have been identified as possible triggers for the extinctions, but their relative timing remains unresolved. The objectives of this study were to identify the contribution of these processes to the sulfur burden in the sedimentary environment of two freshwater KPg sections, and to determine their relative timing. The results demonstrate that the peak of Deccan volcanism post-dates the Chicxulub impact and the associated abrupt KPg mass extinction, thus precluding a direct volcanic causal mechanism, but shedding light on the underlying causes for the delayed recovery of ecosystems in the early Paleogene.
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Meyer, Amanda Lynn. "Biogeochemistry of Sulfur Isotopes in Crystal Lake, Clark County, West-Central Ohio." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1420911116.

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Leavitt, William Davie. "On the mechanisms of sulfur isotope fractionation during microbial sulfate reduction." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11511.

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Underlying all applications of sulfur isotope analyses is our understanding of isotope systematics. This dissertation tests some fundamental assumptions and assertions, drawn from equilibrium theory and a diverse body of empirical work on biochemical kinetics, as applied to the multiple sulfur isotope systematics of microbial sulfate reduction. I take a reductionist approach, both in the questions addressed and experimental approaches employed. This allows for a mechanistic, physically consistent interpretation of geological and biological sulfur isotope records. The goal of my work here is to allow interpreters a more biologically, chemically and physically parsimonious framework to decipher the signals coded in modern and ancient sulfur isotope records.
Earth and Planetary Sciences
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Jamieson, John William. "Tracing sulfur sources in an Archean hydrothermal system using sulfur multiple isotopes a case study from the Kidd Creek volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit /." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/2697.

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Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2005
Thesis research directed by: Geology. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Edwards, Cole T. "Carbon, sulfur, and strontium isotope stratigraphy of the Lower-Middle Ordovician, Great Basin, USA: Implications for oxygenation and causes of global biodiversification." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1405797089.

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Friedman, Carrie T. 1972. "Analysis of stable sulfur isotopes and trace cobalt on sulfides from the TAG hydrothermal mound." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/53034.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, 1998.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 86-90).
by Carrie T. Friedman.
M.S.
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Sparks, Janine M. "Characterizing Spatial Patterns for Natural and Anthropogenic Atmospheric Sulfur in Terrestrial Biological Systems." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1527606422395088.

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Rennie, Victoria Christian Frances. "Carbonate associated sulfate as a proxy for the isotopic composition of Cenozoic seawater sulfate." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708258.

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Howard, Bret Harmon. "The hydrodesulfurization of thiophene by Mo/Co treated oxyaluminum pillared montimorillonites." Diss., This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07122007-103926/.

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Books on the topic "Sulfur isotopes"

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1935-, Krouse H. R., Grinenko V. A, International Council of Scientific Unions. Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment., and United Nations Environment Programme, eds. Stable isotopes: Natural and anthropogenic sulphur in the environment. Chichester: Published on behalf of the Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment (SCOPE) of the International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU) in collaboration with the United Nations Environment Programme by Wiley, 1991.

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Mikołajczuk, Agnieszka. Efekty izotopowe siarki w reakcjach chemicznych. Warszawa: Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej, 1999.

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Agency, International Atomic Energy, ed. Studies on sulphur isotope variations in nature: Proceedings of an advisory group meeting on the hydrology and geochemistry of sulphur isotopes. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency, 1987.

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Derda, Małgorzata. Izotopy siarki w przyrodzie: Metodyka oznaczania stosunków izotopowych siarki w węglu i ropie naftowej metodą spektrometrii masowej. Warszawa: Instytut Chemii i Techniki Jądrowej, 1999.

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Tyler, Noel. Oxygen- and sulphur-isotope properties of quartz and pyrite from the Pilgrim's Rest Goldfield, eastern Transvaal. Johannesburg: Economic Geology Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, 1986.

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1954-, Eldridge Charles Stewart, Bethke Philip Martin 1930-, Geological Survey (U.S.), and U.S. Continental Scientific Drilling Program, eds. SHRIMP ion microprobe sulfur isotopic study of pyrite in corehole CCM-2: Evidence for multiple episodes of extreme biogenic sulfate reduction. [Denver, Colo.]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2001.

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L, Tuttle M., Briggs P. H. 1947-, and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. Sulfur speciation, sulfur isotopy, and elemental analyses of water-column, pore water, and sediment samples from Soap Lake, Washington. [Denver, CO?]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey, 1988.

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Michael, Paul. Feasibility of using radioactive sulfur in long-range transport experiments. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Atmospheric Sciences Research Laboratory, 1986.

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Becker, Joseph F. Interchange for joint research entitled, Measurement of stable nitrogen and sulfur isotopes: Final report : September 1995 to August 1997. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1997.

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Krouse, H. R. Environmental sulphur isotope studies in Alberta: A review. Calgary: Acid Deposition Research Program, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Sulfur isotopes"

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Farquhar, James. "Sulfur Isotopes." In Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series, 1–8. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39193-9_74-1.

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Farquhar, James. "Sulfur Isotopes." In Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series, 1402–9. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39312-4_74.

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Farquhar, James. "Sulfur Isotopes." In Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, 1619–22. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11274-4_1540.

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Farquhar, James. "Sulfur Isotopes." In Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, 2415–18. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44185-5_1540.

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Böttcher, Michael E. "Sulfur Isotopes." In Encyclopedia of Geobiology, 864–66. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9212-1_131.

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Farquhar, James. "Sulfur Isotopes." In Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, 1–5. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27833-4_1540-3.

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Farquhar, James. "Sulfur Isotopes." In Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, 2942–45. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-65093-6_1540.

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Krouse, H. R., and M. A. Tabatabai. "Stable Sulfur Isotopes." In Agronomy Monographs, 169–205. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronmonogr27.c5.

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Huston, David L., Robert B. Trumbull, Georges Beaudoin, and Trevor Ireland. "Light Stable Isotopes (H, B, C, O and S) in Ore Studies—Methods, Theory, Applications and Uncertainties." In Isotopes in Economic Geology, Metallogenesis and Exploration, 209–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27897-6_8.

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AbstractVariations in the abundances of light stable isotopes, particularly those of hydrogen, boron, carbon, oxygen and sulfur, were essential in developing mineralization models. The data provide constraints on sources of hydrothermal fluids, carbon, boron and sulfur, track interaction of these fluids with the rocks at both the deposit and district scales, and establish processes of ore deposition. In providing such constraints, isotopic data have been integral in developing genetic models for porphyry-epithermal, volcanic-hosted massive sulfide, orogenic gold, sediment-hosted base metal and banded-iron formation-hosted iron ore systems, as discussed here and in other chapters in this book. After providing conventions, definitions and standards used to present stable isotope data, this chapter summarizes analytical methods, both bulk and in situ, discusses processes that fractionate stable isotopes, documents the isotopic characteristics of major fluid and rock reservoirs, and then shows how stable isotope data have been used to better understand ore-forming processes and to provide vectors to ore. Analytical procedures, initially developed in the 1940s for carbon–oxygen analysis of bulk samples of carbonate minerals, have developed so that, for most stable isotopic systems, spots as small as a few tens of μm are routinely analyzed. This precision provides the paragenetic and spatial resolution necessary to answer previously unresolvable genetic questions (and create new questions). Stable isotope fractionation reflects geological and geochemical processes important in ore formation, including: (1) phase changes such as boiling, (2) water–rock interaction, (3) cooling, (4) fluid mixing, (5) devolatilization, and (6) redox reactions, including SO2 disproportionation caused by the cooling of magmatic-hydrothermal fluids and photolytic dissociation in the atmosphere. These processes commonly produce gradients in isotopic data, both in time and in space. These gradients, commonly mappable in space, provide not only evidence of process but also exploration vectors. Stable isotope data can be used to estimate the conditions of alteration or mineralization when data for coexisting minerals are available. These estimates use experimentally- or theoretically-determined fractionation equations to estimate temperatures of mineral formation. If the temperature is known from isotopic or other data (e.g., fluid inclusion data or chemical geothermometers), the isotopic composition of the hydrothermal fluid components can be estimated. If fluid inclusion homogenization and compositional data exist, the pressure and depth of mineralization can be estimated. One of the most common uses of stable isotope data has been to determine, or more correctly delimit, fluid and sulfur sources. Estimates of the isotopic compositions of hydrothermal fluids, in most cases, do not define unequivocal sources, but, rather, eliminate sources. As an example, the field of magmatic fluids largely overlap that of metamorphic fluids in δ18O-δD space, but are significantly different to the fields of meteoric waters and seawater. As such, a meteoric or seawater origin for a fluid source may be resolvable, but a magmatic source cannot be resolved from a metamorphic source. Similarly, although δ34S ~ 0‰ is consistent with a magmatic-hydrothermal sulfur source, the signature can also be produced by leaching of an igneous source. Recent analytical and conceptual advances have enabled gathering of new types of isotopic data and application of these data to resolve new problems in mineral deposit genesis and geosciences in general. Recent developments such as rapid isotopic analysis of geological materials or clumped isotopes will continue to increase the utility of stable isotope data in mineral deposit genesis and metallogeny, and, importantly, for mineral exploration.
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Strauss, Harald. "Sulfur Isotopes in Stromatolites." In Cellular Origin, Life in Extreme Habitats and Astrobiology, 687–701. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0397-1_31.

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Conference papers on the topic "Sulfur isotopes"

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Eerkens, Jeff W., Jay F. Kunze, and Leonard J. Bond. "Laser Isotope Enrichment for Medical and Industrial Applications." In 14th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone14-89767.

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Use of lasers for isotope separation has been considered for many decades. None of the proposed methods have attained sufficient proof of principal status to be economically attractive to pursue commercially. Some of the authors have succeeded in separating sulfur isotopes using a rather new and different method, known as condensation repression. In this scheme, a gas of the selected isotopes for enrichment is irradiated with a laser at a particular wavelength that would excite only one of the isotopes. The entire gas is subjected to low temperatures sufficient to cause condensation on a cold surface or coagulation in the gas. Those molecules in the gas that the laser excited are not as likely to condense or dimerize (coagulate into a double molecule, called a dimer) as unexcited molecules. Hence in cold-wall condensation, gas drawn out of the system is enriched in the isotope that was laser-excited. We have evaluated the relative energy required in this process if applied on a commercial scale. We estimate the energy required for laser isotope enrichment is about 30% of that required in centrifuge separations, and 2% of that required by use of “calutrons”.
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Pollock, Tyler, Alicia Cruz-Uribe, Horst Marschall, and Jon Blundy. "Sulfur Isotopes in Sulfides from Lesser Antilles Arc Cumulates." In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.2102.

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Kunze, Jay F., K. T. S. Islam, and Ernest Nieschmidt. "Isotope Enrichment by Laser Stimulation Causing Condensation Repression." In 10th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone10-22606.

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Sulfur isotopes in SF6 molecules have been enriched, in a laboratory experiment, using tuned laser radiation to excite a particular sulfur isotopic molecule and inhibit its condensation on the cooled annulus inside of the chamber. The evidence of enrichment was determined by examining the residual gas with a Fourier Transform lnfra Red Spectrometer. The enrichment was observed during a transient experiment in which the temperature of the condensing surface was gradually decreased, and gas pressure of the SF6 molecules was in the range of 8 Torr (0.01 atmospheres). These results show that excitation to a single excited level can create differential rates of condensation so as to achieve an enrichment factor of approximately 2.0 in a single stage.
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Meshoulam, A., W. Said-Ahmad, C. Turich, N. Luu, T. Jacksier, A. Stankiewicz, A. Shurki, and A. Amrani. "Mechanism and Kinetics of Volatile Organic Sulfur Compounds Formation and their Sulphur Isotopes Imprint." In 29th International Meeting on Organic Geochemistry. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201902842.

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Pasquier, Virgil, Marie-Noëlle Decraene, Johanna Marin-Carbonne, Christophe Thomazo, David Fike, and Itay Halevy. "Unravelling early diagenesis: New insight from microscale minor sulfur isotopes." In Goldschmidt2021. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7185/gold2021.6848.

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TRIVELIN, P. C. O., J. A. BENDASSOLLI, F. CARNEIRO, and T. MURAOKA. "UTILIZATION OF THE SULFUR (Na234SO4) APPLIED TO THE SOIL BY RICE AND CROTALARIA JUNCEA." In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Isotopes. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812793867_0091.

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Relph, Katy, Emily Stevenson, Sasha Turchyn, Gilad Antler, Michael Bickle, Jotis Baronas, Daniel Parsons, Steve Darby, and Edward Tipper. "Using Oxygen and Sulfur Isotopes to Partition Sources of Riverine Sulfate." In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.2188.

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Bouyon, Amaury, Martin Klausen, João Mata, Sebastian Tappe, James Farquhar, and Pierre Cartigny. "Multiple Sulfur Isotopes of Carbonatites, a Window into their Formation Conditions." In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.238.

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Borrelli, Chiara, Rinat Gabitov, Ming-Chang Liu, Andreas Hertwig, and Giuliana Panieri. "Reconstructing paleo-methane emission using the benthic foraminiferal stable sulfur isotopes." In Goldschmidt2022. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2022.10211.

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Jouini, Arbia, Guillaume Paris, Guillaume Caro, Annachiara Bartolini Mariotti, and Silvia Gardin. "Biogeochemical disruptions across the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary: insights from sulfur isotopes." In Goldschmidt2021. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7185/gold2021.7287.

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Reports on the topic "Sulfur isotopes"

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Kidder, J. A., M. B. McClenaghan, M I Leybourne, M. W. McCurdy, P. Pelchat, D. Layton-Matthews, C. E. Beckett-Brown, and A. Voinot. Geochemical data for stream and groundwaters around the Casino Cu-Au-Mo porphyry deposit, Yukon (NTS 115 J/10 and 115 J/15). Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328862.

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This open file reports geochemical data for stream and groundwater samples collected around the Casino porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposit, one of the largest and highest-grade deposits of its kind in Canada. The calc-alkaline porphyry is hosted in a Late Cretaceous quartz monzonite and associated breccias in the unglaciated region of west central Yukon. Water chemistry around the deposit was investigated because: (i) the deposit has not yet been disturbed by mining; (ii) the deposit was known to have metal-rich waters in local streams; and (iii) the deposit has atypically preserved ore zones. Stream water samples were collected at 22 sites and groundwater samples were collected from eight sites. Surface and groundwaters around the Casino deposit are anomalous with respect to Cd (up to 5.4 µg/L), Co (up to 64 µg/L), Cu (up to 1657 µg/L), Mo (up to 25 µg/L), As (up to 17 µg/L), Re (up to 0.7 µg/L), and Zn (up to 354 µg/L) concentrations. The stable isotopes of O and H of the groundwaters are essentially identical to the surface waters and plot close to the local and global meteoric water lines, indicating that the waters represent modern recharge, consistent with the generally low salinities of all the waters (total dissolved solids range from 98 to 1320 mg/L). Sulfur and Sr isotopes are consistent with proximal waters interacting with the Casino rocks and mineralization; a sulfide-rich bedrock sample from the deposit has delta-34S = -1.2 permille and proximal groundwaters are only slightly heavier (-0.3 to 3.1 permille). These geochemical and isotopic results indicate that surface water geochemistry is a suitable medium for mineral exploration for porphyry-style mineralization in the Yukon, and similar unglaciated regions in Canada. The atypical geochemical signature (Mo, Se, Re, As, Cu) of these types of deposits are typically reflected in the water chemistry and S isotopes provide a more local vectoring tool.
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Solomon, Kip, and Troy Gilmore. Age Dating Young Groundwater. The Groundwater Project, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21083/liiu2727.

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This book provides an overview of common tracer methods that can be used to estimate the age of young groundwater that recharged less than about 60 years ago. In this book, applications of tracers to address hydrogeologic problems are only mentioned briefly because such problems are the topic of the Groundwater Project Book titled Introduction to Isotopes and Environmental Tracers as Indicators of Groundwater Flow (Cook, 2020) which readers are encouraged to review. The dating tracer methods include tritium (3H), tritium/helium-3 (3H/3He), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). All these methods except 3H involve the occurrence and transport of dissolved gases and thus the basic concepts of dissolved gases are discussed in this book. The authors are hydrogeologists interested in solving both groundwater quality and quantity issues in a world in which the availability of high-quality groundwater is diminishing. The goal of this book is to inform researchers and policy makers about the concepts and underlying assumptions involved in groundwater dating methods with the aim of increasing the application of these powerful methods while informing readers of their inherent limitations.
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Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Alaska OCS Region. Geochemical evaluation, including whole oil gas chromatography, aromatic biomarkers, saturate gcms, isotopes, metals, MSMS, SARA composition and sulfur from an oil sample from the Stinston #1 well. Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, November 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.14509/30120.

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Paradis, S., G. J. Simandl, N. Drage, R J D'Souza, D. J. Kontak, and Z. Waller. Carbonate-hosted deposits (Mississippi Valley-type, magnesite, and REE-F-Ba) of the southeastern Canadian Cordillera: a review and isotopic data comparison. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/327995.

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The Mississippi Valley-type, magnesite, and REE-F-Ba deposits in the southeastern Canadian Cordillera are in the weakly deformed/metamorphosed Paleozoic carbonate platform of the Rocky Mountains. Most are hosted in dolostones of the middle Cambrian Cathedral, upper Cambrian Jubilee, and Upper Devonian Palliser formations and spatially associated with hydrothermal dolomite. They occur along structurally controlled facies transitions between the shallow-water carbonate platform and deeper water basin rocks of the Paleozoic continental margin. Their location and morphology reflect episodic rifting along the Paleozoic margin. The carbonate protolith was replaced by fine-grained 'replacive dolomite' followed by several stages of coarser saccharoidal, sparry, and saddle dolomites and sulfides replacing dolostone and filling open spaces. The 87Sr/86Sr, delta-18O, delta-13C, and fluid-inclusion data are consistent with high-temperature fluids interacting with host rocks and show influence of adjacent or underlying siliciclastic rocks. The large range of delta-34S values of sulfides suggests that thermochemical sulfate reduction of seawater sulfate was the main sulfur-reducing process, but bacterial sulfate reduction also occurred locally. Lead isotopes suggest a mixing trend involving highly radiogenic and non-radiogenic end members. These observations are consistent with hydrothermal fluids replacing protoliths, precipitating sulfides, and possibly REE-F-Ba mineralization.
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Liseroudi, M. H., O. H. Ardakani, P. K. Pedersen, R. A. Stern, J M Wood, and H. Sanei. Diagenetic and geochemical controls on H2S distribution in the Montney Formation, Peace River region, western Canada. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329785.

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The Lower Triassic Montney Formation is a major siltstone dominated unconventional tight gas play in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin (WCSB). In the Peace River region, the Montney Formation contains a regionally variable amount of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in gas-producing wells with western Alberta's wells having the highest concentrations. Previous studies on the source and distribution of H2S in the Montney Formation mainly focused on variations of H2S concentration and its relationship with other hydrocarbon and non-hydrocarbon gases, sulfur isotope composition of H2S, as well as organo-sulfur compounds in the Montney Formation natural gas. None of those studies, however, focused on the role of diagenetic and geochemical processes in the formation of dissolved sulfate, one of the two major ingredients of H2S formation mechanisms, and pyrite within the Montney Formation. According to the results of this study, the Montney Formation consists of two different early and late generations of sulfate minerals (anhydrite and barite), mainly formed by the Montney Formation pore water and incursion of structurally-controlled Devonian-sourced hydrothermal sulfate-rich fluids. In addition, pyrite the dominate sulfide mineral, occurred in two distinct forms as framboidal and crystalline that formed during early to late stages of diagenesis in western Alberta (WAB) and northeast British Columbia (NEBC). The concurrence of the late-stage anhydrite and barite and various types of diagenetic pyrite with high H2S concentrations, particularly in WAB, their abundance, and spatial distribution, imply a correlation between the presence of these sulfate and sulfide species and the diagenetic evolution of sulfur in the Montney Formation. The sulfur isotope composition of anhydrite/barite, H2S, and pyrite demonstrates both microbial and thermochemical sulfate reduction (MSR and TSR) controlled the diagenetic sulfur cycle of the Montney Formation. The relationship between the delta-34S values of the present-day produced gas H2S and other sulfur-bearing species from the Montney and other neighboring formations verifies a dual native and migrated TSR-derived origin for the H2S gas with substantial contributions of in situ H2S in the Montney reservoir.
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Kingston, A. W., O. H. Ardakani, G. Scheffer, M. Nightingale, C. Hubert, and B. Meyer. The subsurface sulfur system following hydraulic stimulation of unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs: assessing anthropogenic influences on microbial sulfate reduction in the deep subsurface, Alberta. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/330712.

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Hydraulic fracturing is a reservoir stimulation technique that involves the injection of high-pressure fluids to enhance recovery from unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs. Often this involves the injection of surface waters (along with additives such as biocides) into formational fluids significantly different isotopic and geochemical compositions facilitating geochemical fingerprinting of these fluid sources. In some instances, the produced fluids experience an increase in hydrogen sulfide (H2S) concentration over the course of production resulting in an increased risk to health and safety, the environment, and infrastructure due to the toxic and corrosive nature of H2S. However, questions remain as to the origin and processes leading to H2S formation following hydraulic fracturing. In this study, we analyzed a series of produced waters following hydraulic fracturing of a horizontal well completed in the Montney Formation, Western Canada to evaluate variations in geochemical and microbiological composition over time and characterize potential sulfur species involved in the production of H2S. Initially, sulfur isotope ratios (d34S, VCDT) of dissolved sulfate in produced water had a baseline value of 27per mil similar to the d34S value of 25per mil for solid anhydrite derived from core material. Subsequently, d34S values of sulfate in produced fluids sequentially increased to 35per mil coincident with the appearance of sulfides in produced waters with a d34SH2S value of 18per mil. Oxygen isotope values of dissolved sulfate exhibited a synchronous increase from 13.2per mil to 15.8per mil VSMOW suggesting sulfate reduction commenced in the subsurface following hydraulic fracturing. Formation temperatures are &amp;lt;100°C precluding thermochemical sulfate reduction as a potential mechanism for H2S production. We suggest that microbial reduction of anhydrite-derived sulfate within the formation is likely responsible for the increase in H2S within produced waters despite the use of biocides within the hydraulic fracturing fluids. Initial assessments of microbial communities indicate a shift in community diversity over time and interactions between in situ communities and those introduced during the hydraulic fracturing process. This study indicates that biocides may not be fully effective in inhibiting microbial sulfate reduction and highlights the role anthropogenic influences such as hydraulic fracturing can have on the generation of H2S in the subsurface.
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Kontak, D. J., S. Paradis, Z. Waller, and M. Fayek. Petrographic, fluid inclusion, and secondary ion mass spectrometry stable isotopic (O, S) study of Mississippi Valley-type mineralization in British Columbia and Alberta. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/327994.

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A comprehensive study of Mississippi Valley-type base-metal deposits across the Canadian Cordillera was done to compare and contrast their features. Extensive dissolution of host rocks is followed by multiple generations of dolomite cements from early, low-temperature, fine-grained to coarser, higher temperature types that overlap with Zn-Pb sulfide minerals; late-stage calcite occludes residual porosity. Dolomite is generally chemically stoichiometric, but ore-stage types are often rich in Fe (&amp;lt;1.3 weight per cent FeO) with small sphalerite inclusions. Sphalerite-hosted fluid inclusions record ranges for homogenization temperatures (77-214°C) and fluid salinity (1-28 weight per cent equiv. NaCl±CaCl2). These data suggest fluid mixing with no single fluid type related to all sulfide mineralization. In situ secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) generated delta-18OVSMOW values for carbonate minerals (13-33 permille) reflect dolomite and calcite formation involving several fluids (seawater, basinal, meteoric) over a large temperature range at varying fluid-rock ratios. Sphalerite and pyrite SIMS delta-34SVCDT values vary (8-33 permille) but in single settings have small ranges (&amp;lt;2-3 permille) that suggest sulfur was reduced via thermochemical sulfate reduction from homogeneous sulfur reservoirs. Collectively, the data implicate several fluids in the mineralizing process and suggest mixing of a sulfur-poor, metal-bearing fluid with a metal-poor, sulfide-bearing fluid.
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Lacerda Silva, P., G. R. Chalmers, A. M. M. Bustin, and R. M. Bustin. Gas geochemistry and the origins of H2S in the Montney Formation. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329794.

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The geology of the Montney Formation and the geochemistry of its produced fluids, including nonhydrocarbon gases such as hydrogen sulfide were investigated for both Alberta and BC play areas. Key parameters for understanding a complex petroleum system like the Montney play include changes in thickness, depth of burial, mass balance calculations, timing and magnitudes of paleotemperature exposure, as well as kerogen concentration and types to determine the distribution of hydrocarbon composition, H2S concentrations and CO2 concentrations. Results show that there is first-, second- and third- order variations in the maturation patterns that impact the hydrocarbon composition. Isomer ratio calculations for butane and propane, in combination with excess methane estimation from produced fluids, are powerful tools to highlight effects of migration in the hydrocarbon distribution. The present-day distribution of hydrocarbons is a result of fluid mixing between hydrocarbons generated in-situ with shorter-chained hydrocarbons (i.e., methane) migrated from deeper, more mature areas proximal to the deformation front, along structural elements like the Fort St. John Graben, as well as through areas of lithology with higher permeability. The BC Montney play appears to have hydrocarbon composition that reflects a larger contribution from in-situ generation, while the Montney play in Alberta has a higher proportion of its hydrocarbon volumes from migrated hydrocarbons. Hydrogen sulphide is observed to be laterally discontinuous and found in discrete zones or pockets. The locations of higher concentrations of hydrogen sulphide do not align with the sulphate-rich facies of the Charlie Lake Formation but can be seen to underlie areas of higher sulphate ion concentrations in the formation water. There is some alignment between CO2 and H2S, particularly south of Dawson Creek; however, the cross-plot of CO2 and H2S illustrates some deviation away from any correlation and there must be other processes at play (i.e., decomposition of kerogen or carbonate dissolution). The sources of sulphur in the produced H2S were investigated through isotopic analyses coupled with scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and mineralogy by X-ray diffraction. The Montney Formation in BC can contain small discrete amounts of sulphur in the form of anhydrite as shown by XRD and SEM-EDX results. Sulphur isotopic analyses indicate that the most likely source of sulphur is from Triassic rocks, in particular, the Charlie Lake Formation, due to its close proximity, its high concentration of anhydrite (18-42%), and the evidence that dissolved sulphate ions migrated within the groundwater in fractures and transported anhydrite into the Halfway Formation and into the Montney Formation. The isotopic signature shows the sulphur isotopic ratio of the anhydrite in the Montney Formation is in the same range as the sulphur within the H2S gas and is a lighter ratio than what is found in Devonian anhydrite and H2S gas. This integrated study contributes to a better understanding of the hydrocarbon system for enhancing the efficiency of and optimizing the planning of drilling and production operations. Operators in BC should include mapping of the Charlie Lake evaporites and structural elements, three-dimensional seismic and sulphate ion concentrations in the connate water, when planning wells, in order to reduce the risk of encountering unexpected souring.
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Kingston, A. W., O. H. Ardakani, and R A Stern. Tracing the subsurface sulfur cycle using isotopic and elemental fingerprinting: from the micro to the macro scale. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329789.

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Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a toxic and corrosive gas that commonly occurs in deeply buried sedimentary systems. Understanding its distribution is paramount to creating safe and effective models of H2S occurrence aiding in the identification of high-risk areas. Characterizing subsurface sulfur sources and H2S formation pathways would enhance these models leading to more accurate predictions of potential high H2S regions. However, gaps remain in our understanding of the dominant formation processes and migration pathways of key ingredients for H2S production in the Lower Triassic Montney Formation of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (WCSB). Essential to this is assessing the reactants necessary for H2S production, potential pathways for fluid migration, diagenetic history, and changes in redox conditions through time. The Montney Formation has undergone several phases of diagenesis related to post-depositional alteration and multiple cycles of tectonic burial and uplift. Early chemical alteration includes dolomitization and, in some cases, microbial reduction of porewater sulfate to sulfide that occurred prior to significant burial (Davies et al., 1997; Vaisblat et al., 2021; Liseroudi et al., 2020, 2021). The most recent tectonic-related burial during the Laramide Orogeny resulted in burial depths in excess of 3-5 km (Ness, 2001; Ducros et al., 2017) leading to significant thermal and barometric alteration. Associated with this orogenic activity was the reactivation of underlying faults (O'Connell et al., 1990) and development of fractures especially near the deformation front. These fractures provide conduits for fluid migration into the Montney that combined with heat and pressure resulting in hydrocarbon generation, migration, and development of overpressure, notably in the western margin of the basin. In addition, high temperatures resulted in thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) leading to the formation of H2S and subsequently pyrite. We present an interpretation of the Montney subsurface sulfur cycle through the use of petrography, micro- and macro-scale geochemical analysis (isotopic and elemental) to illustrate the complexity of this system. This work relies heavily on previous studies within and outside our research group and incorporates new analytical techniques to expand the toolbox. We aim to guide future research directions and activities by addressing issues related to sampling and data quality issues, analytical approaches, and highlight knowledge gaps.
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Taylor, B. E., J. M. Peter, and B. A. Wing. Multiple sulphur isotope reconnaissance of Slave Province volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/296544.

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