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Journal articles on the topic 'Sulfur dioxide Health aspects'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

Sreesurya, Aitha. "IOT based Voice Controlled Robot with Pollution Detection." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 10, 2021): 118–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.34883.

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Air pollution is a serious situation which ruins future generations.as of increasing population daily, lots of exploitation of resources takes place which in turn causes pollution. Mainly pollution due to vehicles & industries leads to much damage of health hazards and turned out to be one of the major problem world is facing now. Apart from oxygen, we breathe in fumes. outdoor air pollution has existed for a long time. Radon, volatile organic compounds, formaldehyde, biological contaminants, and combustion by-products such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen dioxides, and particles contribute to indoor air pollution, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, ozone, total suspended particle matter, lead, carbon dioxide, and hazardous pollutants are the principal pollutants that contribute to outdoor air pollution. Air pollution causes severe diseases like asthma, cancer, breathing, skin irritation, and liver problems. We see there’s a lot of pollution around us makes it difficult for plants, animals, and humans to survive as the air becomes polluted. the pollution due to vehicles is one of the major aspects of pollution. this is because of in efficient fuel in vehicles and long term of vehicles (internal problem). so we have come up with a solution by testing this application by making voice controlled robot with pollution detection at toll gates.

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Fathey Fayek Tadros, Amgad. "Environmental aspects of petroleum storage in above ground tank." E3S Web of Conferences 166 (2020): 01006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016601006.

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Oil pollution is a severing global environmental problem causing a number of adverse negative impacts on human health air ecosystem and eventually the natural income that is why soil, water, air pollution with petroleum hydrocarbons have become the focus of increasing public and research concern petroleum hydrocarbon contaminants in the air environment are caused by human activities when harmful or excessive quantities of substances are introduced into Earth’s atmosphere. Sources of air pollution include gases such as carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, methane, the aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH’s) fractions of petroleum are readily evolved to air during refinery and choosing the wrong storage tanks also leak to the soil change the chemical composition of spilled toxicity and biological impacts of the oil and add great difficulties to the identification of the residual spilled oil in the impacted environment and economic cost of air pollution in illness, health care costs, lost productivity so coordination between humans to conserves natural resources for future generation.

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Filipe-Ribeiro, Luís, Susete Rodrigues, Fernando M. Nunes, and Fernanda Cosme. "Reducing the Negative Effect on White Wine Chromatic Characteristics Due to the Oxygen Exposure during Transportation by the Deoxygenation Process." Foods 10, no. 9 (August 28, 2021): 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10092023.

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In white wine production, a great effort is made to avoid extensive contact with oxygen, which might adversely affect color and aroma. In this work, the impact of bulk transportation on white wine oxygen uptake and the effect of deoxygenation on white wine dissolved oxygen levels, as well on the phenolic composition and chromatic characteristics of white wines stored for nine months, were studied. Transportation increased the white wine dissolved oxygen content (117 and 181% in the wines studied) that increased the free sulfur dioxide loss during storage. Moreover, deoxygenation of white wines reduced the increase in the yellow color of white wines during storage, probably related to the higher levels of free sulfur dioxide that remain in these wines during storage. Furthermore, the amount of wine phenolics also have a decisive influence on wine color characteristics evolution, with increased levels of total phenolic compounds increasing the variation in the b *(measure of yellowness) values of the wines after nine months of storage. Results show the negative impact of bulk transportation on white wine color characteristics; however, wine deoxygenation is a good practice to minimize those aspects, preserving color characteristics.

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Dadashpour, Iman, and Ahmadreza Rostami. "Identifying and Ranking of Alternative Fuels by Using AHP and PROMETHEE II Methods to Find Best Fuel for Bus Rapid Transit System." International Journal of Business Analytics 5, no. 4 (October 2018): 74–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijban.2018100105.

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Nowadays, one of the most significant concerns is regarding to air pollution. Carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, is the main pollutant that is warming Earth. Industrialized countries have worked to reduce levels of sulfur dioxide, smog, and smoke in order to improve people's health. The problem of air pollution in the metropolises of Iran has been increased. The identification and development of clean fuels and also alternative fuels can play an important role in solving pollution problem. In this article, to find best fuel in terms of economic, social and environmental aspects which are part of sustainability. So, the multi-criteria decision-making techniques like fuzzy hierarchy analysis method and PROMETHEE used to rank and determine the preferred option for alternative fuels used in high-speed buses in Tehran. The results show that the biodiesel was selected as the best fuel to prevent the air pollution emission among the available options.

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Pham Thi, Ben, Van Pham Thi, and Phuong Bui Thi Anh. "Impacts of air pollution on children with disabilities: A narrative review." Journal of Science Educational Science 66, no. 4AB (October 2021): 145–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18173/2354-1075.2021-0069.

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Air pollution is one of the global problems with adverse effects on many aspects of human life, on different population groups and on the ecology of animals and plants. The effects of air pollution on disadvantaged communities in society such as children with disabilities are also considered. This paper describes the research results on the effects of air pollution on children with disabilities through narrative review and content analysis from 39 articles published from 2010 to 2020. Results showed that most studies were conducted in developed countries from the large survey sample sizes in wide age ranges from from pregnancy to 19 years of age in longitudinal, cross-sectional and retrospective study designs. Air pollution is determined based on the indicators of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), black carbon (BC), fine particulate matter (PM) such as PM1, PM2.5, PM10, sulfur dioxide (SO2), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), benzene, ground-level ozone and solid biomass smoke. Results from the review showcased that air pollution has an effect on a high risk of autism spectrum disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, intellectual disability, behavioral and emotional disorders including depression and psychosis. In addition, studies have also shown that air pollution has serious effects on children's brain development and physical health such as impaired fetal neural development, premature brain imbalance, inflammation, and changes in fetal brain structure. Showing the relationship between air pollution and children's disability may indicate that environmental pollution is considered as a factor that negatively affects the disability etiology and severity. Showing this relationship contributes to promoting environmental protection, reducing pollution including air pollution at national and global scale.

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Amaral, Karina Guedes Cubas do, Julio Cezar Rietow, and Miguel Mansur Aisse. "Evaluation of the environmental life cycle of an STP that employs a low-rate trickling filter as post-treatment of a UASB reactor and different sludge-management alternatives." Ambiente e Agua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science 16, no. 3 (May 20, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.2648.

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This study aimed to undertake an environmental life cycle assessment (LCA) of a sewage treatment plant (STP) equipped with low-rate trickling filters (TFs) as post-treatment of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB). The STP is located in South Brazil and uses landfill and agriculture as sludge-disposal alternatives. The evaluation was performed using the LCA technique and SimaPro® 9 software. The results revealed that the gases methane (CH4) and sulfur dioxide (SO2), emitted into the atmosphere after the partial burning of the biogas in flares, are mainly responsible for impacts in the categories of global warming (GW) and terrestrial acidification (TA), respectively. Due to the low rate of hydraulic sewage application in TFs, nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions stood out due to their high impact in the category of stratospheric ozone depletion (SOD). The use of sludge in agriculture obtained a greater potential for environmental impact compared to landfills in five of the eight categories evaluated. The main impacts of agricultural use were in the category of human toxicity (HT), due to the high concentration of zinc present in the sludge, and in the category TA, due to the emission of ammonia (NH3) during hygienization of the sludge. In turn, the main positive aspects were avoided products, such as urea, phosphate fertilizer and limestone. The results contribute to a greater discussion of sewage-treatment processes, as well as sludge-management alternatives used in developing countries.

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Shekhar, Amritanshu. "Role of Forest Management in Environmental Studies with Reference to the Maintaining of Conservation Values." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 496–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.39865.

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Abstract: A forest is a type of ecosystem in which there is high density of trees occupying a relatively large area of land. An ecosystem is an ecological unit consisting of a biotic community together with it’s a biotic environment. In the case of forest, tress dominant the biotic landscape, although there are also other plants and animals. There are many types of forest, such as tropical, evergreen, deciduous and dry forest based on the climatic condition and types of trees present. Forests provide innumerable values to people, provide aspects that address both physical needs as well as the internal nature of people. Forest help cleanse the air by intercepting airborne particles, reducing heat, and absorbing such pollutants as carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide. Trees remove this air pollution by lowering air temperature, through respiration, and by retaining particulates. Erosion control has always started with tree and grass planting projects. Tree roots bind the soil and their leaves break the force of wind and rain on soil. Trees fight soil erosion, conserve rainwater and reduce water runoff and sediment deposit after storms. Herbs, shrubs and trees in the forests hold the topmost layer firmly by their roots. This does not allow natural forces like wind and water to carry away the topmost fertile layer of the soil easily. Hence, Forests prevent soil erosion. With forest conservation, animal species, insects and all the biodiversity of natural areas is protected. It is noteworthy that these beings and the local vegetation exert influence on conservation beyond deforestation and the regional climate, even interfering with the health of the local community. Keywords: Forest, Natural Resources, Implementation, Ecological Balance, Significance, Deforestation, Climatic Condition

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Malysheva, Alla G., N. Yu Kozlova, E. G. Rastyannikov, A. A. Ermakov, and V. A. Shokhin. "PHYSICO-CHEMICAL INVESTIGATIONS FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF THE CHEMICAL SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF APPLICATION OF A NEW SYSTEM OF LANDFILL GAS PURIFICATION AT THE SOLID DOMESTIC GARBAGE DUMP." Hygiene and sanitation 96, no. 11 (March 27, 2019): 1103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2017-96-11-1103-1108.

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Landfills of municipal solid waste (MSW) have a negative impact on the environment and people: air, soil, surface water and groundwater are polluted. During the storage of MSW in the body of the landfill natural anaerobic decomposition of organic waste takes place under conditions of oxygen lack, high temperature and humidity. One product of this process is landfill gas - a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide with small amounts of impurities (nitrogen, silicon, sulfur, hydrogen sulfide). Tens and hundreds of different organic compounds are also included as a compound of landfill gas. The composition and content of the individual components in landfill gas depends on the composition of landfilled waste at the solid domestic garbage dump. The landfill gas and odor run to great distances. Construction, operation and closure of landfills give rise to a number of environmental problems associated with such a classification of landfills as a secondary source of pollution of the urban environment. The solution of such environmental problems offers a variety of options for the “recovery”, “remediation” and protective measures in areas of placement of landfills. For example, in the landfill “Timokhovo” there were studied the efficacy and safety of a new chemical treatment technologies and disposal of landfill gas As a result of the installation of the system for landfill gas purification there was established the decline in the total concentration of polluting compounds, as hydrocarbons (including saturated and aromatic), alcohols, oxygen and sulfur containing compounds by from 63 to 2200 times. There was reached 100% disposal of mercaptanes, sulfides, di- and trisulfides, naphthenic and terpenic hydrocarbons and chlorinated compounds. The number of identified compounds was reduced by more than 2 times. However, at the output of the purification system there were revealed compounds not identified at the input of this system. It can be regarded due to the appearance of transformation products of flaring hydrocarbons. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry studies directed to the identification with quantitative assessment of air emissions before and after the new system of utilization allow both perform monitoring emissions taking into account the real content and changes in group and component structure under the influence of the chemical impact of the new technologies and make recommendations for further improvement of gas purification systems in terms of environmental aspects.

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Pauselli, Luca, Luigi Attademo, Francesco Bernardini, and Michael Compton. "M239. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION AND RISK FOR PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS: AN UPDATE." Schizophrenia Bulletin 46, Supplement_1 (April 2020): S226—S227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbaa030.551.

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Abstract Background Environmental pollution is a well-known cause of disease worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, air pollution kills an estimated seven million people worldwide every year. Over the past decade, increasing attention has been drawn to the impact of environmental pollution on mental health. In 2016, our research team (Attademo et al., 2016) performed a literature review focusing on the association with psychotic disorders. The aim of this presentation is to give an update of the science, given the marked increase in the body of literature on this topic. Methods We repeated a search using the Pubmed electronic database for all articles from February 20, 2016 (date of out last search for the previous review) to November 20, 2019, using the same terms that we used in the first review. The search included all languages. Thirty-eight articles were identified. We selected 9 studies related to pollution’s effects on human subjects: seven were research reports and two were review articles. We excluded 29 articles, on the basis of the following exclusion criteria: a) studies unrelated to the topic, and b) letters or commentaries not reporting research findings. For this update, we focus only on research reports. Results Six of the seven research reports (Bai et al., 2019; Duan et al., 2018; Eguchi et al., 2018; Liang et al., 2019; Ma et al., 2018; Newbury et al., 2019; Qiu et al., 2019) focused on air pollution. Only one (Ma et al., 2018) explored the association between serum concentration of six typical toxic metals and risk of schizophrenia in a earth mining area in China and found higher serum levels of antimony, uranium, and lanthanum in patients with schizophrenia. All studies focusing on air pollution considered the following pollutants: particulate matter (PM) 10, PM2.5, and nitrogen dioxide. Some of them also included carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitric oxide, and carbon dioxide. All the studies found significant associations between pollutant concentrations and psychosis-associated outcomes (adolescent psychotic experience, hospital admissions, and higher Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale scores). Five of the six studies investigating air pollutants also looked into the lag effect between pollutant concentrations and the outcome of the study, supporting the hypothesis of short-term effects (same day or within the first 2–3 days after high concentrations of pollutants). Discussion During our previous review, we found 13 research reports from 1964 to 2016, while in this update in the past 2.5 years, there has been a marked increase in publications on the topic. The association between air pollutants and different aspects of psychotic disorders presentation and manifestation is gaining support and the approaches of looking into this phenomenon are becoming more sophisticated. Nevertheless, further research is needed both at the molecular level to determine the mechanisms that mediate the effects of these pollutants, and at clinical and environmental levels to improve health and well-being of patient with psychotic disorders.

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Awosusi, Abraham Ayobamiji, Kaan Kutlay, Mehmet Altuntaş, Bakhtiyor Khodjiev, Ephraim Bonah Agyekum, Mokhtar Shouran, Mohamed Elgbaily, and Salah Kamel. "A Roadmap toward Achieving Sustainable Environment: Evaluating the Impact of Technological Innovation and Globalization on Load Capacity Factor." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 6 (March 10, 2022): 3288. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063288.

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Technological innovations have been a matter of contention, and their environmental consequences remain unresolved. Moreover, studies have extensively evaluated environmental challenges using metrics such as nitrogen oxide emissions, sulfur dioxide, carbon emissions, and ecological footprint. The environment has the supply and demand aspect, which is not a component of any of these indicators. By measuring biocapacity and ecological footprint, the load capacity factor follows a certain ecological threshold, allowing for a thorough study on environmental deterioration. With the reduction in load capacity factor, the environmental deterioration increases. In the context of the environment, the interaction between technological innovation and load capacity covers the demand and supply side of the environment. In light of this, employing the dataset ranging from 1980 to 2017 for the case of South Africa, the bound cointegration test in conjunction with the critical value of Kripfganz and Schneider showed cointegration in the model. The study also employed the ARDL, whose outcome revealed that nonrenewable energy usage and economic growth contribute to environmental deterioration, whereas technological innovation and globalization improve the quality of the environment. This study validated the hypothesis of the environmental Kuznets curve for South Africa, as the short-term coefficient value was lower than the long-term elasticity. Furthermore, using the frequency-domain causality test revealed that globalization and economic growth predict load capacity in the long term, and nonrenewable energy predicts load capacity factors in the long and medium term. In addition, technological innovation predicts load capacity factors in the short and long term. Based on the findings, we propose that policymakers should focus their efforts on increasing funding for the research and development of green technologies.

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Lachatre, Mathieu, Sylvain Mailler, Laurent Menut, Arineh Cholakian, Pasquale Sellitto, Guillaume Siour, Henda Guermazi, Giuseppe Salerno, and Salvatore Giammanco. "Modelling SO₂ conversion into sulfates in the mid-troposphere with a 3D chemistry transport model: the case of Mount Etna's eruption on 12 April 2012." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 22, no. 20 (October 28, 2022): 13861–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13861-2022.

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Abstract. Volcanic activity is an important source of atmospheric sulfur dioxide (SO2), which, after conversion into sulfuric acid, induces impacts on rain acidity, human health, meteorology and the radiative balance of the atmosphere, among others. This work focuses on the conversion of SO2 into sulfates (SO4(p)2-, S(+VI)) in the mid-tropospheric volcanic plume emitted by the explosive eruption of Mount Etna (Italy) on 12 April 2012, using the CHIMERE chemistry transport model. As the volcanic plume location and composition depend on several often poorly constrained parameters, using a chemistry transport model allows us to study the sensitivity of SO2 oxidation to multiple aspects, such as volcanic water emissions, transition metal emissions, plume diffusion and plume altitude. Our results show that two pathways contribute to sulfate production in the mid-troposphere: (1) the oxidation of SO2 by OH in the gaseous phase (70 %) and (2) aqueous oxidation by O2 catalysed by Mn2+ and Fe3+ ions (25 %). Oxidation in the aqueous phase is the faster process, but liquid water is scarce in the mid-troposphere; therefore, the relative share of gaseous oxidation can be important. After 1 d in the mid-troposphere, about 0.5 % of the volcanic SO2 was converted to sulfates via the gaseous process. Because of the nonlinear dependency of the kinetics in the aqueous phase on the amount of volcanic water emitted and on the availability of transition metals in the aqueous phase, several experiments have been designed to determine the prominence of different parameters. Our simulations show that, during the short time that liquid water remains in the plume, around 0.4 % of sulfates manage to quickly enter the liquid phase. Sensitivity tests regarding the advection scheme have shown that this scheme must be chosen wisely, as dispersion will impact both of the oxidation pathways explained above.

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Šmelcerović, Miodrag. "VALORIZATION OF THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT OF SOUTH SERBIA FROM THE AIR QUALITY ASPECT." Knowledge International Journal 28, no. 4 (December 10, 2018): 1329–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij28041329m.

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The protection of the environment and people’s health from negative influences of the pollution of air as a medium of the environment requires constant observing of the air quality in accordance with international standards, the analysis of emission and imission of polluting matters in the air, and their connection with the sources of pollution. Having in mind the series of laws and delegated legislations which define the field of air pollution, it is necessary to closely observe these long-term processes, discovering cause-and-effect relationships between the activities of anthropogenic sources of emission of polluting matters and the level of air degradation. The relevant evaluation of the air quality of a certain area can be conducted if the level of concentration of polluting matters characteristic for the pollution sources of this area is observed in a longer period of time. The data obtained by the observation of the air pollution are the basis for creation of the recovery program of a certain area. Vranje is a town in South Serbia where there is a bigger number of anthropogenic pollution sources that can significantly diminish the air quality. The cause-and-effect relationship of the anthropogenic sources of pollution is conducted related to the analysis of systematized data which are in the relevant data base of the authorized institution The Institute of Public Health Vranje, for the time period between the year of 2012. and 2017. By the analysis of data of imission concentrations of typical polluting matters, the dominant polluting matters were determined on the territory of the town of Vranje, the ones that are the causers of the biggest air pollution and the risk for people’s health. Analysis of the concentration of soot, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides indicates their presence in the air of Vranje town area in concentrations that do not exceed the permitted limit values annually. The greatest pollution is caused by the soot content in the air, especially in the winter period when the highest number of days with the values above the limit was registered. By perceiving the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors, it is clear that the concentration of polluting matters can be decreased only by establishing control over anthropogenic sources of pollution, and thus it can be contributed to the improvement of the air quality of this urban environment.

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Young, David, and William Kitching. "Stereochemical aspects of sulfur dioxide insertion into 2-cyclohexenylstannanes." Organometallics 7, no. 5 (May 1988): 1196–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/om00095a028.

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Ough, Cornelius S. "Determination of Sulfur Dioxide in Grapes and Wmes." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 69, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 5–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/69.1.5.

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Abstract Reasons for using SO2 in wine and the theoretical aspects of this use are discussed. Data are summarized on the amounts of SO2 found in wines in California and around the world. Methods of analysis are discussed.

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CASSINELLI, MARY ELLEN, R. DELON HULL, and PIERRE A. CUENDET. "Performance of Sulfur Dioxide Passive Monitors." American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 46, no. 10 (October 1985): 599–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15298668591395391.

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Anurov, Sergey A. "Physicochemical aspects of the adsorption of sulfur dioxide by carbon adsorbents." Russian Chemical Reviews 65, no. 8 (August 31, 1996): 663–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/rc1996v065n08abeh000221.

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Mirzakarimova, Malokhat A. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF COMPLEX MIXTURES OF CHEMICAL AIR POLLUTANTS ON BIOCHEMICAL, PHYSIOLOGICAL, GONADO-, EMBRYOTOXIC INDICES OF LABORATORY ANIMALS AND HYGIENIC EVALUATION OF THEIR COMBINED ACTION." Hygiene and sanitation 96, no. 6 (March 27, 2019): 528–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2017-96-6-528-531.

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In the paper there are presented results of experimental works on the study of the character of the combined toxic effect of various complex mixtures presenting in atmospheric air. The action of complex mixtures on the organism of laboratory animals was studied in two series of experiments. In the first series of the experiments there was investigated the combined action of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, hydrogen fluoride and suspended substances, and in the second series of experiments - of lead acetate, formaldehyde, sulfur dioxide and ammonia.The character of the combined action of lead acetate, formaldehyde, sulfur dioxide, ammonia under one-term inhalation is established to be manifested in the form of “effect-summation”, and the impact of such suspended substances as hydrogen fluoride, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide was similar to the type of “incomplete summation”. In the joint presence of lead acetate, formaldehyde, sulfur dioxide, ammonia in the ambient air, the maximum permissible concentration (MPC ) for each substance should not exceed 0.25 MPC, and the hydrogen fluoride, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and suspended solids should not exceed 0.46 MPC under their isolated action .

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Witek, Theodore J., E. Neil Schachter, Gerald J. Beck, William S. Cain, Gene Colice, and Brian P. Leaderer. "Respiratory symptoms associated with sulfur dioxide exposure." International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 55, no. 2 (February 1985): 179–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00378381.

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Horstman, Donald, L. Jack Roger, Howard Kehrl, and Milan Hazucha. "Airway Sensitivity of Asthmatics To Sulfur Dioxide." Toxicology and Industrial Health 2, no. 3 (July 1986): 289–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823378600200307.

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The purpose of this study was to describe for asthmatic subjects the distribution of individual bronchial sensitivity to sulfur dioxide (SO2). Subjects were nonsmoking male asthmatics (n = 27) who were sensitive to inhaled methacholine. None of the subjects used corticosteroids or cromolyn sodium. Oral medications were with held for 48 hr, inhaled medications for 12 hr prior to all testing. Each subject participated in four separate randomly ordered 10 min exposures to 0.00, 0.25, 0.50 and 1.00 ppm SO2 at 26° C, 70% relative humidity. During exposures, subjects breathed naturally and performed moderate exercise (VE, normalized for body surface area = 21 l/m2 x min). Before and 3 min after exposure, specific airway resistance (SRaw) was measured by body plethysmography. Those subjects whose SRaw was not doubled by exposure to 1.00 ppm were also exposed to 2.00 ppm S02. Dose response curves (relative change in SRaw, corrected for change in clean air vs S02 concentration) were constructed for each subject. Bronchial sensi tivity to SO2 [PC(SO2)], defined as the concentration of S02 which provoked an increase in SRaw 100% greater than the response to clean air, was determined. Substantial variability in sensitivity was observed: for 23 subjects, PC(SO2) ranged between 0.28 and 1.90 ppm, while for the remaining 4 subjects, it was greater than 2.00- ppm S02. The median PC(SO2) was 0.75 ppm SO2, and 6 subjects had a PC(SO2) of less than 0.50 ppm. PC(SO2) was not related (r = 0.31) to airway sensitivity to methacholine.

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Chen, Tze-Ming, Ware G. Kuschner, Janaki Gokhale, and Scott Shofer. "Outdoor Air Pollution: Nitrogen Dioxide, Sulfur Dioxide, and Carbon Monoxide Health Effects." American Journal of the Medical Sciences 333, no. 4 (April 2007): 249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/maj.0b013e31803b900f.

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NAUS, C. J., D. McAVOY, I. BRODER, and J. W. SMITH. "A Non-Toxic Diffusional Dosimeter for Sulfur Dioxide." American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 48, no. 12 (December 1987): 1001–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15298668791385985.

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McCONNAUGHEY, PAUL W., ELMER S. McKEE, and IRVIN M. PRITTS. "Passive Colorimetric Dosimeter Tubes for Ammonia, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide, Hydrogen Sulfide, Nitrogen Dioxide and Sulfur Dioxide." American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 46, no. 7 (July 1985): 357–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15298668591394978.

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Smith, S. J., J. van Aardenne, Z. Klimont, R. Andres, A. Volke, and S. Delgado Arias. "Anthropogenic sulfur dioxide emissions: 1850–2005." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 10, no. 6 (June 30, 2010): 16111–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-16111-2010.

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Abstract. Sulfur aerosols impact human health, ecosystems, agriculture, and global and regional climate. A new annual estimate of anthropogenic global and regional sulfur dioxide emissions has been constructed spanning the period 1850–2005 using a bottom-up mass balance method, calibrated to country-level inventory data. Global emissions peaked in the early 1970s and decreased until 2000, with an increase in recent years due to increased emissions in China, international shipping, and developing countries in general. An uncertainty analysis was conducted including both random and systemic uncertainties. The overall global uncertainty in sulfur dioxide emissions is relatively small, but regional uncertainties ranged up to 30%. The largest contributors to uncertainty at present are emissions from China and international shipping. Emissions were distributed on a 0.5° grid by sector for use in coordinated climate model experiments.

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Smith, S. J., J. van Aardenne, Z. Klimont, R. J. Andres, A. Volke, and S. Delgado Arias. "Anthropogenic sulfur dioxide emissions: 1850–2005." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11, no. 3 (February 9, 2011): 1101–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-1101-2011.

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Abstract. Sulfur aerosols impact human health, ecosystems, agriculture, and global and regional climate. A new annual estimate of anthropogenic global and regional sulfur dioxide emissions has been constructed spanning the period 1850–2005 using a bottom-up mass balance method, calibrated to country-level inventory data. Global emissions peaked in the early 1970s and decreased until 2000, with an increase in recent years due to increased emissions in China, international shipping, and developing countries in general. An uncertainty analysis was conducted including both random and systemic uncertainties. The overall global uncertainty in sulfur dioxide emissions is relatively small, but regional uncertainties ranged up to 30%. The largest contributors to uncertainty at present are emissions from China and international shipping. Emissions were distributed on a 0.5° grid by sector for use in coordinated climate model experiments.

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Xie, Jia Yu, Dong Hee Suh, and Sung-Kwan Joo. "A Dynamic Analysis of Air Pollution: Implications of Economic Growth and Renewable Energy Consumption." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 18 (September 20, 2021): 9906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189906.

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This paper examines how economic growth and renewable energy consumption are associated with air pollution using a dynamic panel approach. Focusing on several major air pollutants, namely, particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, and carbon monoxide, this paper tests the environmental Kuznets hypothesis and determines whether the use of renewable energy sources contributes to a reduction in air pollution. Data from a balanced panel of 145 countries for the period between 2000 and 2014 was used for the estimation of the dynamic panel model. The results of the dynamic panel model showed inverted U-shaped curves for the relationship between economic development and particulate matter and sulfur dioxide emissions. The results also revealed that increasing renewable energy consumption contributes to an improvement in air quality. Moreover, it was found that urbanization tends to decrease sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide emissions, while trade openness reduces particulate matter and carbon monoxide emissions but increases sulfur dioxide emissions.

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Lee, Kiyoung, Scott M. Bartell, and Domyung Paek. "Interpersonal and daily variability of personal exposures to nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide." Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology 14, no. 2 (March 2004): 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jea.7500304.

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Mounaam, Amine, Ahmed Bichri, Ridouane Oulhiq, Ahmed Souissi, Mohamed Salouhi, Khalid Benjelloun, and Hafid Griguer. "Dynamic Modeling and Simulation of the Sulfur Combustion Furnace in Industrial Smelter." Processes 10, no. 12 (December 9, 2022): 2655. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10122655.

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In industrial smelters, sulfuric acid is manufactured using the elemental sulfur in a series of three-unit operations: elemental sulfur oxidation, sulfur dioxide catalytic conversion, and sulfur trioxide absorption. The sulfur oxidation, which is the basic step in this process, is generally performed under a sulfur combustion furnace that ensures the production of the process gas stream, which will be the main supply stream to the other unit operations. In this paper, a dynamic model is developed based on the fundamental mass and energy balance, including the sulfur oxidation and the dynamic flow behavior aspects within the furnace. The obtained model is simulated in the Matlab/Simulink environment and data from an industrial plant were used to validate the model. The simulation results and the plant measurement comparison showed an accuracy of 96%, with a mean absolute error of 16.12 °C and a root mean square error of 23.27 °C. Afterwards, the effect of different operating conditions and disturbance parameters on the sulfur combustion furnace performance were studied. Finally, the relationship and a correlation between the temperature and sulfur dioxide molar fraction at the outlet of the furnace were investigated for industrial use.

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Nandi, P. K., Madhoolika Agrawal, S. B. Agrawal, and D. N. Rao. "Physiological responses of Vicia faba plants to sulfur dioxide." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 19, no. 1 (February 1990): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0147-6513(90)90079-k.

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Точилина, Регина Петровна, Анаида Шабуковна Сарян, Татьяна Сергеевна Склепович, Светлана Сергеевна Гочина, Ирина Николаевна Пашкова, and Елена Юрьевна Самойлова. "To the question of: Determination of Sulfur dioxide in beer and beer drinks." Food processing industry, no. 9 (August 25, 2022): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.52653/ppi.2022.9.9.011.

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Приведены литературные данные о составе и концентрации соединений серы в пиве, влиянии различных технологических аспектов на формирование серосодержащих компонентов в процессе производства пива. Проведен анализ действующих нормативных документов, устанавливающих требования к безопасности пищевых добавок (ТР ТС 029/2021) и требования к маркировке пищевой продукции (ТР ТМ 022/2011), и показана необходимость определения концентрации диоксида в пиве. Рассмотрены различные методики определения концентрации диоксида серы в напитках, в том числе действующие стандартные методы. Проведены сравнительные испытания прямого определения диоксида серы в пиве методом йодометрического титрования и методом с предварительной дистилляцией пробы с последующим кислотно-основным титрованием. Предложен метод определения диоксида серы в пиве и пивных напитках с предварительной дистилляцией по методу Монье-Вильямса. Приведены результаты определения диоксида серы в пиве и пивных напитках с использованием выбранного метода. Установлено, что в исследованных торговых образцах пива и пивных напитков концентрация диоксида серы не превышает 10 мг/л. Испытано 2 реактива для приготовления растворов известной концентрации диоксида серы. Показано, что использование коммерческого раствора сернистой кислоты концентрацией 5-6 % позволяет получать стабильные и близкие к расчетным результаты при определении концентрации диоксида серы методом смешивания. Растворы известной концентрации диоксида серы могут применяться также для проверки стабильности работы дистилляционной установки. Применение предлагаемой методики в производственных и испытательных лабораториях не требует дополнительных средств измерений, вспомогательного оборудования и переобучения персонала. There are provided previously published data on composition and concentration of sulfur compound in beer, impact of various technological aspects on forming sulfur containing components in beer production process. It was carried out an analysis of current regulatory documents which state requirements to food additives safety (TP TC 029/2021} and requirements to food products labeling (TP TM 022/2011) and shown the necessity to determine sulfur dioxide concentration in beer. Various techniques of sulfur dioxide concentration determination in drinks were considered, including current standard methods. There were made comparative tests of direct definition of sulfur dioxide in beer with iodometric titration method and sample pre-distillation method with subsequent acid-base titration. It is proposed an option of determination the sulfur dioxide in beer and beer drinks with pre-distillation by Monier-Williams method. The results are presented on determination of sulfur dioxide in beer and beer drinks with the use of selected method. It was stated that the concentration of sulfur dioxide in the studied trade samples does not exceed 10 mg/l. Two reagents for preparation of known sulfur dioxide concentration were tested. It is shown that the use of commercial solution of sulfurous acid with concentration 5-6 % enables to get stable and close to calculated results when determining sulfur dioxide concentration using mixing method. Solutions of known sulfur dioxide concentration can be used as well for checking stability of distillation unit operation. The use of proposed method in production and testing laboratories does not require additional measuring instruments, auxiliary equipment and personnel retraining.

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Volchyn, I. A., A. O. Yasynetskyi, and Wlodzimierz Przybylski. "ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF GREEN AMMONIA ROLE IN UKRAINIAN ENERGY SECTOR." Energy Technologies & Resource Saving, no. 2 (June 17, 2022): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.33070/etars.2.2022.07.

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Ammonia production using traditional Haber-Bosch technology using natural gas or coal emits large amounts of carbon dioxide and consumes a significant amount of electricity, its generation consumes a lot of fossil fuel and produces a large amount of emissions of pollutants and CO2. The transition to the production of "green" ammonia with the help of electricity from renewable energy sources and nuclear power plants will require a significant increase in their capacity. This will not only avoid CO2 emissions from NH3 production, but also avoid emissions of pollutants and greenhouse gases at thermal power plants by replacing their capacity with "green" capacity. Ammonia as a fuel has environmental advantages over traditional fuels, as it does not emit dust, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. Only nitrogen oxides are formed, the emissions of which are reduced by the use of selective reduction technologies. Promising combustion of mixtures of ammonia and hydrogen. Co-combustion of coal and ammonia in existing boilers can significantly reduce emissions of pollutants and CO2. Bibl. 18, fig. 2, table. 2.

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Ishigami, A., Y. Kikuchi, S. Iwasawa, Y. Nishiwaki, T. Takebayashi, S. Tanaka, and K. Omae. "Volcanic sulfur dioxide and acute respiratory symptoms on Miyakejima island." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 65, no. 10 (January 8, 2008): 701–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem.2007.033456.

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32

Savić, M., J. Siriški-Šašić, and D. Djulizibarić. "Discomforts and laboratory findings in workers exposed to sulfur dioxide." International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 59, no. 5 (July 1987): 513–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00377846.

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33

Venners, Scott A., Binyan Wang, Zhonggui Xu, Yu Schlatter, Lihua Wang, and Xiping Xu. "Particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, and daily mortality in Chongqing, China." Environmental Health Perspectives 111, no. 4 (April 2003): 562–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.5664.

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34

Baskurt, Oguz K. "Acute Hematologic and Hemorheologic Effects of Sulfur Dioxide Inhalation." Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal 43, no. 5 (October 1988): 344–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00039896.1988.9934946.

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35

Mr. Lodangi Nagakrishna and Dr. Vijay Thawani. "The Ill Health Effects of Pollution." VIMS Health Science Journal 7, no. 1 (March 6, 2020): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.46858/vimshsj.7109.

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Air pollution is the global problem that affects each and every organism on the earth. Air pollution is caused by human activities or by natural processes, which increases gases like carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), Nitrogen oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter (PM), ozone(O3) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) in the environment. According to world health organization (WHO) 29% of lung cancer, 17% of Acute lower respiratory infections, 43% of Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, 24% of deaths due to stroke and 25% of Ischemic heart disease are due to ambient air pollution

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36

Xu, Wangjie, Juexiu Li, Weihua Zhang, Zhaoxia Wang, Jiajie Wu, Xiaojing Ge, Jieli Wu, et al. "Emission of sulfur dioxide from polyurethane foam and respiratory health effects." Environmental Pollution 242 (November 2018): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.06.089.

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37

Popovskii, V. V., V. Yu Aleksandrov, T. G. Starostina, and G. K. Chermoshentseva. "Poisoning of typical catalysts of complete oxidation by sulfur dioxide in CO oxidation. Methodical aspects." Reaction Kinetics and Catalysis Letters 30, no. 2 (September 1986): 221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02064296.

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38

Yi, Huilan, Jingjing Yin, Xin Liu, Xiuqing Jing, Sanhong Fan, and Hufang Zhang. "Sulfur dioxide induced programmed cell death in Vicia guard cells." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 78 (April 2012): 281–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.11.035.

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39

He, Xiaohong, Rangpeng Wu, Meiqiong Tan, Zhihao Mu, and Jihua Liu. "Enshi sulfur dioxide residues in food risk assessment." E3S Web of Conferences 189 (2020): 02011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018902011.

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From 2012 to 2019, the risk monitoring of food chemical contaminants and harmful factors in Enshi Prefecture found that the sulfur dioxide residues in food exceeded the standard seriously, and the sample exceeded the standard rate of 8.16%-17.7%, including pickled vegetables, edible starch, and dried vegetables. Among them, the sulfur dioxide content exceeded the standard rate of 63.64%, 48.00%, 30.09%, and the risk quotient (HQ) was 0.464, 0.075, and 0.527, respectively. Due to the low consumption of dried vegetables, pickled vegetables, edible starch and edible fungus products, they are still at a safe level, but the cumulative effect of sulfur dioxide residues in the diet may pose health risks to consumers.

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40

SOMESHWAR, ARUN V., JAY P. UNWIN, WILLIAM THACKER, LAUREL EPPSTEIN, and BARRY MALMBERG. "Environmental aspects of wood residue combustion in forest products industry boilers." March 2011 10, no. 3 (April 1, 2011): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj10.3.27.

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We conducted a comprehensive review of air emissions resulting from burning wood residues in industrial boilers and potential methods to control these emissions. This report compares average emissions with similar data published by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for the burning of fossil fuels coal, oil, and natural gas in industrial boilers. As compared with coal or oil combustion, wood combustion in boilers generally leads to lower emissions of trace metals, hydrochloric acid, sulfur dioxide (SO2), and nitrogen oxides (NOx); higher emissions of carbon monoxide, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, and total volatile organic compounds; and comparable emissions of particulate matter and polychlorinated dibenzo-dioxins and -furans (PCDDs/Fs) (both of which are highly dependent on the efficiency of the ultimate particulate matter control device). Most importantly, wood combustion is carbon dioxide-neutral, a distinct advantage over fossil fuel combustion. Firing wood in stoker units with sulfur-containing fuels, such as coal and oil, leads to a reduction in expected SO2 emissions because of the high carbon and alkali content of most wood ash, and cofiring wood with coal also has some benefits for NOx reduction. This report also discusses the generation and types of combustion ashes resulting from wood burning in mostly combination boilers in the United States and Canada, and provides an overview of ash management practices and the salient characteristics of such ashes relative to their trace metal, organic, and PCDD/F contents.

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Atari, Dominic O., Isaac Luginaah, Xiaohong Xu, and Karen Fung. "Spatial Variability of Ambient Nitrogen Dioxide and Sulfur Dioxide in Sarnia, “Chemical Valley,” Ontario, Canada." Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A 71, no. 24 (October 21, 2008): 1572–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15287390802414158.

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42

Kazantsev, E. V., and N. B. Kondratiev. "Improving the quality of confectionery products with the use of structure formers and preservatives." Tovaroved prodovolstvennykh tovarov (Commodity specialist of food products), no. 5 (April 30, 2022): 335–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/igt-01-2205-11.

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The paper shows the aspects of improving the quality of pastilles and marmalade containing fruit components. The article has proposed a methodology that includes methods for assessing the properties of pectin, gelatin, and agar jelly, using the ST-2 structurometer, and a method for determining the density of the marshmallow mass, which makes it possible to justify the choice of structure formers and foam formers. The relationship of the content of the preservative sulfur dioxide in raw materials, semi-finished products and various types of confectionery products has been studied. It has been established that the content of sulfur dioxide for pastilles, marshmallows and fruit marmalade exceeds 10 mg/kg, since they contain sulfited fruit components. Chewing marmalade and plain chocolate contain only 5 and 7 mg/kg, respectively.

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HOOGENBOOM, BERNARD E., ROGER W. HYNES, CHARLES E. McJILTON, and JEFFREY B. STEVENS. "Validation of a Simpler Method for Determination of Atmospheric Sulfur Dioxide." American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 47, no. 9 (September 1986): 552–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15298668691390214.

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44

Olszyk, David M., Andrzej Bytnerowicz, and Carl A. Fox. "Sulfur dioxide effects on plants exhibiting Crassulacean acid metabolism." Environmental Pollution 43, no. 1 (1987): 47–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0269-7491(87)90167-9.

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45

DEGTYAREV, Konstantin Yu, Nikolay S. ZOTOV, Svetlana A. MINKINA, and Ekaterina A. CHERNOBROVA. "SELECTION OF LIQUID FUEL TYPE FOR BOILER ROOM." Urban construction and architecture 9, no. 3 (September 15, 2019): 22–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2019.03.4.

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The article presents a comparative analysis of the main types of reserve fuel for boilers, including fuel oil, diesel fuel and liquefi ed petroleum gases. The main technological aspects and features of construction of fuel farms are analyzed. The economic aspects of the use of diff erent types of reserve fuel are considered. The thermal and cost costs of fuel storage and combustion are estimated. The calculation of emissions into the atmosphere of harmful substances, including nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxide, benzapyrene, sulfur dioxide, soot. The masses of emitt ed substances, their concentration in fractions of MPC, distances at which the maximum concentration of emissions is observed are determined. The prospects of using liquefi ed hydrocarbon gases and «Propane-Air» technology are substantiated.

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Matooane, Mamopeli, and Roseanne Diab. "Health Risk Assessment for Sulfur Dioxide Pollution in South Durban, South Africa." Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal 58, no. 12 (December 2003): 763–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3200/aeoh.58.12.763-770.

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47

Hong, Yanfeng, and Fan Liu. "Assessment of sulfur dioxide in course of fumigation in Beijing area." International Journal of Environmental Health Research 6, no. 2 (June 1996): 163–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09603129609356886.

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Han, Yansha, Hao Yang, Mengyang Wu, and Huilan Yi. "Enhanced drought tolerance of foxtail millet seedlings by sulfur dioxide fumigation." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 178 (August 2019): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.04.006.

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Li, Li-Hong, Hui-Lan Yi, Xiu-Ping Liu, and Hong-Xue Qi. "Sulfur dioxide enhance drought tolerance of wheat seedlings through H2S signaling." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 207 (January 2021): 111248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111248.

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Xue, Meizhao, and Huilan Yi. "Enhanced Arabidopsis disease resistance against Botrytis cinerea induced by sulfur dioxide." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 147 (January 2018): 523–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.09.011.

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