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Academic literature on the topic 'Sulfur dioxide Health aspects'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Sulfur dioxide Health aspects"

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Sreesurya, Aitha. "IOT based Voice Controlled Robot with Pollution Detection." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 10, 2021): 118–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.34883.

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Air pollution is a serious situation which ruins future generations.as of increasing population daily, lots of exploitation of resources takes place which in turn causes pollution. Mainly pollution due to vehicles & industries leads to much damage of health hazards and turned out to be one of the major problem world is facing now. Apart from oxygen, we breathe in fumes. outdoor air pollution has existed for a long time. Radon, volatile organic compounds, formaldehyde, biological contaminants, and combustion by-products such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen dioxides, and particles contribute to indoor air pollution, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, ozone, total suspended particle matter, lead, carbon dioxide, and hazardous pollutants are the principal pollutants that contribute to outdoor air pollution. Air pollution causes severe diseases like asthma, cancer, breathing, skin irritation, and liver problems. We see there’s a lot of pollution around us makes it difficult for plants, animals, and humans to survive as the air becomes polluted. the pollution due to vehicles is one of the major aspects of pollution. this is because of in efficient fuel in vehicles and long term of vehicles (internal problem). so we have come up with a solution by testing this application by making voice controlled robot with pollution detection at toll gates.
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Fathey Fayek Tadros, Amgad. "Environmental aspects of petroleum storage in above ground tank." E3S Web of Conferences 166 (2020): 01006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016601006.

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Oil pollution is a severing global environmental problem causing a number of adverse negative impacts on human health air ecosystem and eventually the natural income that is why soil, water, air pollution with petroleum hydrocarbons have become the focus of increasing public and research concern petroleum hydrocarbon contaminants in the air environment are caused by human activities when harmful or excessive quantities of substances are introduced into Earth’s atmosphere. Sources of air pollution include gases such as carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, methane, the aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH’s) fractions of petroleum are readily evolved to air during refinery and choosing the wrong storage tanks also leak to the soil change the chemical composition of spilled toxicity and biological impacts of the oil and add great difficulties to the identification of the residual spilled oil in the impacted environment and economic cost of air pollution in illness, health care costs, lost productivity so coordination between humans to conserves natural resources for future generation.
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Filipe-Ribeiro, Luís, Susete Rodrigues, Fernando M. Nunes, and Fernanda Cosme. "Reducing the Negative Effect on White Wine Chromatic Characteristics Due to the Oxygen Exposure during Transportation by the Deoxygenation Process." Foods 10, no. 9 (August 28, 2021): 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10092023.

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In white wine production, a great effort is made to avoid extensive contact with oxygen, which might adversely affect color and aroma. In this work, the impact of bulk transportation on white wine oxygen uptake and the effect of deoxygenation on white wine dissolved oxygen levels, as well on the phenolic composition and chromatic characteristics of white wines stored for nine months, were studied. Transportation increased the white wine dissolved oxygen content (117 and 181% in the wines studied) that increased the free sulfur dioxide loss during storage. Moreover, deoxygenation of white wines reduced the increase in the yellow color of white wines during storage, probably related to the higher levels of free sulfur dioxide that remain in these wines during storage. Furthermore, the amount of wine phenolics also have a decisive influence on wine color characteristics evolution, with increased levels of total phenolic compounds increasing the variation in the b *(measure of yellowness) values of the wines after nine months of storage. Results show the negative impact of bulk transportation on white wine color characteristics; however, wine deoxygenation is a good practice to minimize those aspects, preserving color characteristics.
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Dadashpour, Iman, and Ahmadreza Rostami. "Identifying and Ranking of Alternative Fuels by Using AHP and PROMETHEE II Methods to Find Best Fuel for Bus Rapid Transit System." International Journal of Business Analytics 5, no. 4 (October 2018): 74–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijban.2018100105.

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Nowadays, one of the most significant concerns is regarding to air pollution. Carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, is the main pollutant that is warming Earth. Industrialized countries have worked to reduce levels of sulfur dioxide, smog, and smoke in order to improve people's health. The problem of air pollution in the metropolises of Iran has been increased. The identification and development of clean fuels and also alternative fuels can play an important role in solving pollution problem. In this article, to find best fuel in terms of economic, social and environmental aspects which are part of sustainability. So, the multi-criteria decision-making techniques like fuzzy hierarchy analysis method and PROMETHEE used to rank and determine the preferred option for alternative fuels used in high-speed buses in Tehran. The results show that the biodiesel was selected as the best fuel to prevent the air pollution emission among the available options.
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Pham Thi, Ben, Van Pham Thi, and Phuong Bui Thi Anh. "Impacts of air pollution on children with disabilities: A narrative review." Journal of Science Educational Science 66, no. 4AB (October 2021): 145–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18173/2354-1075.2021-0069.

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Air pollution is one of the global problems with adverse effects on many aspects of human life, on different population groups and on the ecology of animals and plants. The effects of air pollution on disadvantaged communities in society such as children with disabilities are also considered. This paper describes the research results on the effects of air pollution on children with disabilities through narrative review and content analysis from 39 articles published from 2010 to 2020. Results showed that most studies were conducted in developed countries from the large survey sample sizes in wide age ranges from from pregnancy to 19 years of age in longitudinal, cross-sectional and retrospective study designs. Air pollution is determined based on the indicators of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), black carbon (BC), fine particulate matter (PM) such as PM1, PM2.5, PM10, sulfur dioxide (SO2), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), benzene, ground-level ozone and solid biomass smoke. Results from the review showcased that air pollution has an effect on a high risk of autism spectrum disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, intellectual disability, behavioral and emotional disorders including depression and psychosis. In addition, studies have also shown that air pollution has serious effects on children's brain development and physical health such as impaired fetal neural development, premature brain imbalance, inflammation, and changes in fetal brain structure. Showing the relationship between air pollution and children's disability may indicate that environmental pollution is considered as a factor that negatively affects the disability etiology and severity. Showing this relationship contributes to promoting environmental protection, reducing pollution including air pollution at national and global scale.
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Amaral, Karina Guedes Cubas do, Julio Cezar Rietow, and Miguel Mansur Aisse. "Evaluation of the environmental life cycle of an STP that employs a low-rate trickling filter as post-treatment of a UASB reactor and different sludge-management alternatives." Ambiente e Agua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science 16, no. 3 (May 20, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.2648.

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This study aimed to undertake an environmental life cycle assessment (LCA) of a sewage treatment plant (STP) equipped with low-rate trickling filters (TFs) as post-treatment of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB). The STP is located in South Brazil and uses landfill and agriculture as sludge-disposal alternatives. The evaluation was performed using the LCA technique and SimaPro® 9 software. The results revealed that the gases methane (CH4) and sulfur dioxide (SO2), emitted into the atmosphere after the partial burning of the biogas in flares, are mainly responsible for impacts in the categories of global warming (GW) and terrestrial acidification (TA), respectively. Due to the low rate of hydraulic sewage application in TFs, nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions stood out due to their high impact in the category of stratospheric ozone depletion (SOD). The use of sludge in agriculture obtained a greater potential for environmental impact compared to landfills in five of the eight categories evaluated. The main impacts of agricultural use were in the category of human toxicity (HT), due to the high concentration of zinc present in the sludge, and in the category TA, due to the emission of ammonia (NH3) during hygienization of the sludge. In turn, the main positive aspects were avoided products, such as urea, phosphate fertilizer and limestone. The results contribute to a greater discussion of sewage-treatment processes, as well as sludge-management alternatives used in developing countries.
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Shekhar, Amritanshu. "Role of Forest Management in Environmental Studies with Reference to the Maintaining of Conservation Values." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 496–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.39865.

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Abstract: A forest is a type of ecosystem in which there is high density of trees occupying a relatively large area of land. An ecosystem is an ecological unit consisting of a biotic community together with it’s a biotic environment. In the case of forest, tress dominant the biotic landscape, although there are also other plants and animals. There are many types of forest, such as tropical, evergreen, deciduous and dry forest based on the climatic condition and types of trees present. Forests provide innumerable values to people, provide aspects that address both physical needs as well as the internal nature of people. Forest help cleanse the air by intercepting airborne particles, reducing heat, and absorbing such pollutants as carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide. Trees remove this air pollution by lowering air temperature, through respiration, and by retaining particulates. Erosion control has always started with tree and grass planting projects. Tree roots bind the soil and their leaves break the force of wind and rain on soil. Trees fight soil erosion, conserve rainwater and reduce water runoff and sediment deposit after storms. Herbs, shrubs and trees in the forests hold the topmost layer firmly by their roots. This does not allow natural forces like wind and water to carry away the topmost fertile layer of the soil easily. Hence, Forests prevent soil erosion. With forest conservation, animal species, insects and all the biodiversity of natural areas is protected. It is noteworthy that these beings and the local vegetation exert influence on conservation beyond deforestation and the regional climate, even interfering with the health of the local community. Keywords: Forest, Natural Resources, Implementation, Ecological Balance, Significance, Deforestation, Climatic Condition
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Malysheva, Alla G., N. Yu Kozlova, E. G. Rastyannikov, A. A. Ermakov, and V. A. Shokhin. "PHYSICO-CHEMICAL INVESTIGATIONS FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF THE CHEMICAL SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF APPLICATION OF A NEW SYSTEM OF LANDFILL GAS PURIFICATION AT THE SOLID DOMESTIC GARBAGE DUMP." Hygiene and sanitation 96, no. 11 (March 27, 2019): 1103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2017-96-11-1103-1108.

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Landfills of municipal solid waste (MSW) have a negative impact on the environment and people: air, soil, surface water and groundwater are polluted. During the storage of MSW in the body of the landfill natural anaerobic decomposition of organic waste takes place under conditions of oxygen lack, high temperature and humidity. One product of this process is landfill gas - a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide with small amounts of impurities (nitrogen, silicon, sulfur, hydrogen sulfide). Tens and hundreds of different organic compounds are also included as a compound of landfill gas. The composition and content of the individual components in landfill gas depends on the composition of landfilled waste at the solid domestic garbage dump. The landfill gas and odor run to great distances. Construction, operation and closure of landfills give rise to a number of environmental problems associated with such a classification of landfills as a secondary source of pollution of the urban environment. The solution of such environmental problems offers a variety of options for the “recovery”, “remediation” and protective measures in areas of placement of landfills. For example, in the landfill “Timokhovo” there were studied the efficacy and safety of a new chemical treatment technologies and disposal of landfill gas As a result of the installation of the system for landfill gas purification there was established the decline in the total concentration of polluting compounds, as hydrocarbons (including saturated and aromatic), alcohols, oxygen and sulfur containing compounds by from 63 to 2200 times. There was reached 100% disposal of mercaptanes, sulfides, di- and trisulfides, naphthenic and terpenic hydrocarbons and chlorinated compounds. The number of identified compounds was reduced by more than 2 times. However, at the output of the purification system there were revealed compounds not identified at the input of this system. It can be regarded due to the appearance of transformation products of flaring hydrocarbons. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry studies directed to the identification with quantitative assessment of air emissions before and after the new system of utilization allow both perform monitoring emissions taking into account the real content and changes in group and component structure under the influence of the chemical impact of the new technologies and make recommendations for further improvement of gas purification systems in terms of environmental aspects.
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Pauselli, Luca, Luigi Attademo, Francesco Bernardini, and Michael Compton. "M239. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION AND RISK FOR PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS: AN UPDATE." Schizophrenia Bulletin 46, Supplement_1 (April 2020): S226—S227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbaa030.551.

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Abstract Background Environmental pollution is a well-known cause of disease worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, air pollution kills an estimated seven million people worldwide every year. Over the past decade, increasing attention has been drawn to the impact of environmental pollution on mental health. In 2016, our research team (Attademo et al., 2016) performed a literature review focusing on the association with psychotic disorders. The aim of this presentation is to give an update of the science, given the marked increase in the body of literature on this topic. Methods We repeated a search using the Pubmed electronic database for all articles from February 20, 2016 (date of out last search for the previous review) to November 20, 2019, using the same terms that we used in the first review. The search included all languages. Thirty-eight articles were identified. We selected 9 studies related to pollution’s effects on human subjects: seven were research reports and two were review articles. We excluded 29 articles, on the basis of the following exclusion criteria: a) studies unrelated to the topic, and b) letters or commentaries not reporting research findings. For this update, we focus only on research reports. Results Six of the seven research reports (Bai et al., 2019; Duan et al., 2018; Eguchi et al., 2018; Liang et al., 2019; Ma et al., 2018; Newbury et al., 2019; Qiu et al., 2019) focused on air pollution. Only one (Ma et al., 2018) explored the association between serum concentration of six typical toxic metals and risk of schizophrenia in a earth mining area in China and found higher serum levels of antimony, uranium, and lanthanum in patients with schizophrenia. All studies focusing on air pollution considered the following pollutants: particulate matter (PM) 10, PM2.5, and nitrogen dioxide. Some of them also included carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitric oxide, and carbon dioxide. All the studies found significant associations between pollutant concentrations and psychosis-associated outcomes (adolescent psychotic experience, hospital admissions, and higher Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale scores). Five of the six studies investigating air pollutants also looked into the lag effect between pollutant concentrations and the outcome of the study, supporting the hypothesis of short-term effects (same day or within the first 2–3 days after high concentrations of pollutants). Discussion During our previous review, we found 13 research reports from 1964 to 2016, while in this update in the past 2.5 years, there has been a marked increase in publications on the topic. The association between air pollutants and different aspects of psychotic disorders presentation and manifestation is gaining support and the approaches of looking into this phenomenon are becoming more sophisticated. Nevertheless, further research is needed both at the molecular level to determine the mechanisms that mediate the effects of these pollutants, and at clinical and environmental levels to improve health and well-being of patient with psychotic disorders.
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Awosusi, Abraham Ayobamiji, Kaan Kutlay, Mehmet Altuntaş, Bakhtiyor Khodjiev, Ephraim Bonah Agyekum, Mokhtar Shouran, Mohamed Elgbaily, and Salah Kamel. "A Roadmap toward Achieving Sustainable Environment: Evaluating the Impact of Technological Innovation and Globalization on Load Capacity Factor." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 6 (March 10, 2022): 3288. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063288.

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Technological innovations have been a matter of contention, and their environmental consequences remain unresolved. Moreover, studies have extensively evaluated environmental challenges using metrics such as nitrogen oxide emissions, sulfur dioxide, carbon emissions, and ecological footprint. The environment has the supply and demand aspect, which is not a component of any of these indicators. By measuring biocapacity and ecological footprint, the load capacity factor follows a certain ecological threshold, allowing for a thorough study on environmental deterioration. With the reduction in load capacity factor, the environmental deterioration increases. In the context of the environment, the interaction between technological innovation and load capacity covers the demand and supply side of the environment. In light of this, employing the dataset ranging from 1980 to 2017 for the case of South Africa, the bound cointegration test in conjunction with the critical value of Kripfganz and Schneider showed cointegration in the model. The study also employed the ARDL, whose outcome revealed that nonrenewable energy usage and economic growth contribute to environmental deterioration, whereas technological innovation and globalization improve the quality of the environment. This study validated the hypothesis of the environmental Kuznets curve for South Africa, as the short-term coefficient value was lower than the long-term elasticity. Furthermore, using the frequency-domain causality test revealed that globalization and economic growth predict load capacity in the long term, and nonrenewable energy predicts load capacity factors in the long and medium term. In addition, technological innovation predicts load capacity factors in the short and long term. Based on the findings, we propose that policymakers should focus their efforts on increasing funding for the research and development of green technologies.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sulfur dioxide Health aspects"

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Nordin, Anders. "On the chemistry of combustion and gasification of biomass fuels, peat and waste : environmental aspects." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Kemiska institutionen, 1993. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-110672.

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Rao, Meenakshi. "Investigating the Potential of Land Use Modifications to Mitigate the Respiratory Health Impacts of NO2| A Case Study in the Portland-Vancouver Metropolitan Area." Thesis, Portland State University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10131547.

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The health impacts of urban air pollution are a growing concern in our rapidly urbanizing world. Urban air pollutants show high intra-urban spatial variability linked to urban land use and land cover (LULC). This correlation of air pollutants with LULC is widely recognized; LULC data is an integral input into a wide range of models, especially land use regression models developed by epidemiologists to study the impact of air pollution on human health. Given the demonstrated links between LULC and urban air pollution, and between urban air pollution and health, an interesting question arises: what is the potential of LULC modifications to mitigate the health impacts of urban air pollution?

In this dissertation we assess the potential of LULC modifications to mitigate the health impacts of NO2, a respiratory irritant and strong marker for combustion-related air pollution, in the Portland-Vancouver metropolitan area in northwestern USA. We begin by measuring summer and winter NO2 in the area using a spatially dense network of passive NO 2 samplers. We next develop an annual average model for NO2 based on the observational data, using random forest—for the first time in the realm of urban air pollution—to disentangle the effects of highly correlated LULC variables on ambient NO2 concentrations. We apply this random forest (LURF) model to a 200m spatial grid covering the study area, and use this 200m LURF model to quantify the effect of different urban land use categories on ambient concentrations of NO2. Using the changes in ambient NO2 concentrations resulting from land use modifications as input to BenMAP (a health benefits assessment tool form the US EPA), we assess the NO2-related health impact associated with each land use category and its modifications. We demonstrate how the LURF model can be used to assess the respiratory health benefits of competing land use modifications, including city-wide and local-scale mitigation strategies based on modifying tree canopy and vehicle miles traveled (VMT).

Planting trees is a common land cover modification strategy undertaken by cities to reduce air pollution. Statistical models such as LUR and LURF demonstrate a correlation between tree cover and reduced air pollution, but they cannot demonstrate causation. Hence, we run the atmospheric chemistry and transport model CMAQ to examine to what extent the dry deposition mechanism can explain the reduction of NO2 which statistical models associate with tree canopy.

Results from our research indicate that even though the Portland-Vancouver area is in compliance with the US EPA NO2 standards, ambient concentrations of NO2 still create an annual health burden of at least $40 million USD. Our model suggests that NO2 associated with high intensity development and VMT may be creating an annual health burden of $7 million and $3.3 million USD respectively. Existing tree canopy, on the other hand, is associated with an annual health benefit of $1.4 million USD. LULC modifications can mitigate some fraction of this health burden. A 2% increase in tree canopy across the study area may reduce incidence rates of asthma exacerbation by as much as 7%. We also find that increasing tree canopy is a more effective strategy than reducing VMT in terms of mitigating the health burden of NO 2.

CMAQ indicates that the amount of NO2 removed by dry deposition is an order of magnitude smaller than that predicted by our statistical model. About one-third of the difference can be explained by the lower NO2 values predicted by CMAQ, and one-third may be attributable to parameterization of stomatal uptake.

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Campion, Robin. "Imaging measurements of volcanic SO2 using space and ground based sensors." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209886.

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Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is a gas typical of high temperature magmatic degassing, being its

third most abundant constituent after water vapor and carbon dioxide. SO2 flux measurements

are used to characterized and monitor volcanic degassing. This thesis presents advanced

methods for measuring the SO2 emitted in the troposphere by passive degassing volcanoes.

These methods are based on the absorption of infrared (IR) and ultraviolet (UV) light by SO2

molecules. They make use of the data acquired by satellite borne sensors (ASTER, OMI and

MODIS), and collected in the field using a UV camera equipped with filters

ASTER is a multispectral sensor observing the Earth in the thermal IR with a 90 m

ground resolution. The developed retrieval algorithm works with band ratios

(B10+B12)/2B11 and B14/B11, to avoid spectral interference from other variables than SO2.

With this algorithm, the impact of interferers such as atmospheric water vapor, sulfate

aerosols and ground emissivity is minimal, as demonstrated by radiative transfer simulations

by applying of the algorithm to real ASTER images and by comparing the results with ground

based data. ASTER is a kind of unifying thread for this thesis because its high ground

resolution fills the gap existing between highly localized ground based SO2 measurements and

the global coverage of other satellites with coarser pixels such as OMI and MODIS.

OMI is an imaging spectrometer operating in the UV, with a daily global coverage, a

high sensitivity to SO2 and a ground resolution of 13x24km. The OMI-ASTER comparison

shows that the SO2 columns measured on OMI pixels are two orders of magnitude smaller

than those of ASTER, because of the huge difference in the pixel size of the two satellites.

The flux measurements however are generally in good agreement. The analysis of a large

number of images shows that ASTER is better for cloud free scenes while OMI has an

optimal signal to noise ratio when the plume is lying above a low cloud cover. A practical

detection limit for SO2 flux measurements in tropospheric plumes has also been established:

5kg/s.

The comparison between ASTER measurements of SO2 column amounts with those of

MODIS (a multispectral IR imager with 1km ground resolution) shed light on systematic

errors in MODIS measurements. These errors were quantified and their origins were separated

and identified. This work demonstrates the limitations of MODIS for SO2 measurements.

A UV camera equipped with filters has also been developed to achieve 2D SO2 from the

ground at a high spatial and temporal resolution. The potential provided by this new type of

instruments has been demonstrated during a field campaign on Turrialba Volcano (Costa

Rica). The integration of measurements obtained using the camera, ASTER and OMI revealed

a high and sustained SO2 flux, which can be explained only by the degassing of a recently

intruded magma body. The slow decrease of SO2 flux since January 2010 suggests a

progressive exhaustion of the volatile content of the magma.

Finally, we applied the band ratio algorithm to a series of ASTER images of the recent

eruption of Eyjafjallajökull in April-May 2010. The SO2 measurements provide interesting

insights into the complex eruptive dynamics and into the control of hydromagmatic

interactions on eruptive gas release into the atmosphere. /

Le dioxyde de soufre (SO2) est un gaz typique du dégazage magmatique de haute

température, dont il est le troisième composant le plus abondant derrière H2O et CO2. Le flux

de SO2 est un excellent paramètre pour caractériser le dégazage volcanique et surveiller son

évolution dans le temps. Cette thèse présente de nouvelles méthodes de mesures des flux de

SO2 émis par l’activité volcanique. Ces méthodes se basent sur l’absorption de la molécule de

SO2 dans l’infrarouge (IR) et l’ultraviolet (UV). Elles utilisent les données prises par des

senseurs embarqués sur des satellites (ASTER, OMI et MODIS) ou opérés depuis le sol

(caméra UV munie de filtres).

Le senseur ASTER opère dans l’IR thermique avec une résolution spatiale de 90 m par

pixel. L’algorithme de mesure développé pour ce satellite n’est sensible qu’à la concentration

en SO2 et pratiquement pas aux paramètres interférents qui posaient problèmes aux méthodes

existantes :la vapeur d’eau atmosphérique, les aérosols de sulfate dans le panache et

l’émissivité de la surface sous-jacente. ASTER est un peu le fil conducteur de cette thèse, car

sa haute résolution spatiale lui permet de faire le lien entre des mesures au sol et les mesures

faites par d’autres satellites comme OMI et MODIS.

Le satellite OMI est un spectromètre imageant qui opère dans l’UV, avec une

couverture globale journalière, une haute sensitivité au SO2 et une résolution spatiale de

13x24km. La comparaison OMI-ASTER montre que les colonnes mesurées sur les pixels

d’OMI sont de deux ordres de grandeur inférieurs à celles d’ASTER, à cause de la différence

de résolution spatiale entre les deux satellites. Les mesures de flux, par contre, montrent une

très bonne concordance. L’analyse d’un grand nombre d’images a permis d’établir qu’ASTER

est meilleur pour des scènes sans nuages tandis qu’OMI est meilleur quand une couverture

nuageuse présente sous le panache augmente son rapport signal sur bruit. Une limite de

détection pratique a aussi été établie pour les flux de SO2 dans les panaches volcaniques dans

la basse troposphère :5kg/s.

La comparaison des mesures d’ASTER avec celle de MODIS a permis de démontrer les

limites de MODIS pour la mesure du SO2. Des erreurs systématiques sur les mesures de

MODIS on été mises en évidence et quantifiées. Ces erreurs sont dues aux interférents

spectraux que sont la vapeur d’eau atmosphérique et les aérosols sulfatés. L’émissivité est

aussi un important facteur d’erreur pour MODIS.

Une caméra UV équipée d’un système de filtres a également été développée pour

mesurer le SO2 en 2D, à haute résolution spatiale et temporelle. Le potentiel offert par ce

nouveau type d’instrument a été démontré lors d’une campagne de mesures sur le volcan

Turrialba (Costa Rica). La combinaison de mesures de SO2 réalisée avec la caméra, ASTER

et OMI a permis de mettre en évidence des flux très élevés (30-50kg/s) qui ne peuvent

s’expliquer que par une intrusion récente de magma juvénile en cours de dégazage.

Enfin, les mesures de SO2 ont réalisées à partir des images ASTER pendant l’éruption

du volcan Eyjafjallajökull en avril-mai 2010. Ces mesures fournissent des informations

intéressantes sur les dynamismes éruptifs qui se sont succédé et sur le contrôle des émissions

de SO2 dans l’atmosphère par les interactions magma-eau.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Reis, Marcelo Moreno dos. "Poluição atmosférica e efeitos adversos na gravidez em um município industrializado no estado do Rio de Janeiro." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5144/tde-08122009-184117/.

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INTRODUÇÃO: Vários estudos tem mostrado associação entre a poluição atmosférica e efeitos adversos na gravidez, como baixo peso ao nascer, prematuridade e crescimento intra-uterino retardado. OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a associação existente entre prematuridade e baixo peso ao nascer e exposição materna aos contaminantes atmosféricos (partículas inaláveis, dióxido de enxofre e ozônio), no município de Volta Redonda, no estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. MÉTODOS: Esta coorte histórica, de base populacional, foi composta por todos os nascidos vivos, de mães residentes em Volta Redonda, no período de 2003 a 2006. Os dados sobre nascimento foram obtidos do Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos (SINASC), do Ministério da Saúde. Os dados referentes à exposição foram fornecidos pelas estações automáticas de monitoramento da qualidade do ar, instaladas no município e controladas pela Fundação Estadual de Engenharia do Meio Ambiente (FEEMA). Modelos de regressão logística e linear, ajustados para potenciais fatores de confusão, foram empregados para avaliar a contribuição da poluição do ar sobre o peso ao nascer e a idade gestacional. RESULTADOS: O total de nascidos vivos no período estudo foi igual a 13.660 nascimentos. O peso médio (desvio padrão) dos recém-nascidos no período foi de 3162,2 g (561,8). O baixo peso ao nascer representou 9,1% dos nascimentos no período e os casos de prematuros foi equivalente a 7,4%. Após análises de regressão logística, seguindo modelos propostos e ajustes para os fatores de confusão identificados, foi observado aumento do risco de baixo ao nascer relacionado à exposição materna às partículas inaláveis durante os segundo e terceiro trimestres de gestação. Também foi verificado aumento do risco de baixo peso ao nascer associado à exposição materna ao ozônio nos segundo e terceiro trimestres de gestação. Com relação à prematuridade foi encontrado aumento no risco associado à exposição materna ao dióxido de enxofre durante os três trimestres de gestação. CONCLUSÕES: Este estudo sugere que exposições a O3, SO2 e PM10, mesmo em concentrações ambientais abaixo dos padrões de qualidade do ar, contribuem para a ocorrência de prematuridade e baixo peso ao nascer no município de Volta Redonda. A pesquisa reforçou a necessidade de revisão dos padrões de qualidade do ar em vigência no Brasil, para a garantia da qualidade da saúde da população.
BACKGROUND: Several studies have shown the association between outdoor air pollution and adverse pregnancy outcomes, related to low birth weight (LBW), preterm birth and intrauterine grow restriction (IUGR). OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association between low birth weight and preterm delivery and maternal exposure to specific outdoor air contaminants, particulate matter (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and ozone (O3) in Volta Redonda, an industrialized city in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. METHODS: This population-based cohort study comprised all infants born to women resident in Volta Redonda, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in the period of 2003-2006. Birth data used in this retrospective study were obtained from the Information System on Live Births (SINASC) of Brazilian Ministry of Health. Exposure information was provided by air quality monitoring system operated by Environmental Agency for the State of Rio de Janeiro (FEEMA). Logistic and linear models were employed to assess the contribution of air pollution to low birth weight (LBW) and prematurity. RESULTS: The study covered 13660 births occurred from 1 January 2003 to 31 December 2006. The mean (SD) birth weight was 3162.2 g (561.8), and low birth weight represented 9.1% of all newborns. Prematurity was observed in 7.4% of all newborns. Adjusted relative risk for LBW showed that second and third trimesters maternal exposure to PM10 increased the risk for low birth weight, as well as exposure to O3 increased the risk for LBW in second and third trimesters. We observed a reduction in birth weight due to interquartile increase of O3 in third trimester of pregnancy. We also found dose response relationship between low birth weight and PM10 and O3 during the second and third trimester. In relation to preterm delivery we found an increased risk associated to maternal exposure to SO2 during all three trimesters, as well as we found dose relationships between prematurity and exposure to SO2 in each trimester. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that exposures to O3, SO2 and PM10, even below brazilian air quality standards, contribute to risks of low birth weight and preterm delivery, in the city of Volta Redonda/Brazil. The results highlight the need of revising air quality parameters to guarantee people health.
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Longo, Bernadette Mae. "The Kilauea Volcano adult health study, Hawai'i, U.S.A." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/29845.

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Kistnasamy, Emilie Joy. "The relationship between asthma and outdoor air pollutant concentrations of sulphur dioxide (SO2), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), ozone (O3) total reduced sulphates (TRS), carbon monoxide (CO) and respirable particulate matter less than 10 microns (PM10) in learners and teachers at Settlers Primary School in Merebank, south Durban." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/122.

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Thesis (M.Tech.: Environmental Health)-Durban Institute of Technology, 2005 1 v. : ill. ; 30 cm
South Durban is in the province of Kwazulu-Natal in South Africa and is home to two international petro-chemical refineries, a paper mill, sewage works, an international airport, a chemical tank farm with approximately 970 tanks, a number of landfill sites, an airport, various processing and manufacturing industries which are all in close proximity to residential and recreational areas. This area is known as the South Durban Industrial Basin (SDIB). Serious concerns have arisen about the potential health impacts that could arise from ambient air pollution from these industries. Learners and staff at the Settlers Primary School situated in Merebank, a suburb in the SDIB, perceived themselves to be at risk for air pollutant related health effects owing to the schools’ geographic location. The aims of this study was a) to determine the prevalence of asthma among learners from Grades 3 and 6 and staff at Settlers Primary School and b) To investigate whether outdoor air pollutant concentrations of sulphur dioxide (SO2), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), ozone (O3), total reduced sulphur (TRS), carbon monoxide (CO) and respirable particulate matter less than 10 microns (PM10) were associated with increased signs and symptoms of asthma in the study population.
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Brauer, Michael, Sarah Henderson, Tracy Kirkham, Kit Shan Lee, Kira Rich, and Kay Teschke. "Review of the health risks associated with nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide in indoor air." 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/938.

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This review provides a review of scientific literature on the health effects of nitrous oxide and sulfur dioxide that will be used as a background document by Health Canada in its process of reviewing the Exposure Guidelines for Residential Indoor Air Quality. Please note that some tables are included in the full report; others are available as separate files.
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kiros, filimon. "Variability of Anthropogenic Gases: Nitrogen Oxides, Sulfur Dioxide, Ozone and Ammonia in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal." 2017. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/masters_theses_2/514.

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Background: Kathmandu Valley is one of the largest and most polluted metropolitan regions in the Himalayan foothills. Rapidly expanding urban sprawl and growing fleet of vehicles, and industrial facilities such as brick factories across the valley have led to conditions where ambient concentrations of key gaseous air pollutants are expected to exceed Nepal’s National Ambient Air Quality Standards and World Health Organization guidelines. Objectives: The aim of this study is to quantify the distribution of gaseous pollutants across the valley characterized by different emission sources, and also assess influence of meteorology in the region on the temporal variability and spatial distribution of these gases, including differences at sites upwind and/or downwind of three major cities in the Kathmandu Valley. Methods: In order to understand the spatial variation of the trace gases in the Kathmandu Valley, passive samples of SO2, NOx, NO2, NH3, and O3 were simultaneously collected from fifteen locations between March and May 2013. A follow-up study during two separate campaigns in 2014 sampled these gases, except ammonia, one site at a time from thirteen urban, suburban and rural stationary sites. Results: In 2013, urban sites were observed to have higher weekly averaged NO2 and SO2 (22.4 ± 8.1 µg/m3 and 14.5 ± 11.1 µg/m3, respectively) than sub-urban sites (9.2 ± 3.9 µg/m3 and 7.6 ± 2.8 µg/m3, respectively). Regions located within 3 km of brick factories exhibited higher SO2 concentrations (22.3 ± 14.7 µg/m3) than sites at least than 3 km away (5.8 ± 1.1 µg/m3). Increased NH3 levels were observed at sites downstream from polluted rivers (25.8 ± 5.5 µg/m3) compared to upstream sites (19.9 ± 3.6 µg/m3). Increased O3 was observed in rural locations (108.5 ± 31.4 µg/m3) compared to urban sites (87.1 ± 9.2 µg/m3) (ANOVA, p Conclusions: Parallel to previous studies that found O3 levels that exceeded guideline, these results suggest that ground-level O3, as its levels frequently exceeded guidelines throughout the sampling periods, is an important concern throughout the valley. NH3 near polluted rivers, NO2 near high traffic activity and SO2 around brick factories are also important pollutants that need more intensive monitoring, primarily due to their importance in particulate matter formation chemistry.
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Van, der Merwe Nicolene Magdalena. "Mesoscale dispersion modelling of SO₂ over the South African Highveld." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/6272.

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Kinsela, Andrew Stephen School of Biological Earth &amp Environmental Sciences UNSW. "Volatile sulfur compounds in coastal acid sulfate soils, northern N.S.W." 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/40889.

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The cycling of biogenic volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) within marine and terrestrial ecosystems has been shown to play an integral role in atmospheric chemistry; by influencing global climate change through the creation of cloud condensation nuclei and controlling acid-base chemistry; as well as influencing sediment chemistry including the interactions with trace metals, particularly regarding iron sulfide formation. Despite this, the examination of VSCs within Australian coastal acid sulfate soils (ASS) is an unexplored area of research. As ASS in Australia occupy an area in excess of 9 M ha, there is a clear need for a greater understanding of the cycling of these compounds within such systems. This thesis looks at the concentrations of several VSCs within agricultural and undisturbed ASS on the east coast of Australia. Initial measurements of sulfur dioxide (SO2) were made using passive diffusion samplers, which were followed by two detailed field-based studies looking at the concentrations and fluxes of both SO2 and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) using flux-gradient micrometeorological techniques. These novel results indicated that this agricultural ASS was a substantial source of atmospheric H2S (0.036-0.056 gSm-2yr-1), and SO2 (0.095-0.31 gSm-2yr-1), with flux values equating to many other salt- and freshwater marshes and swamps. The flux data also suggested that the ASS could be a continual source of H2S which is photo-oxidised during the daytime to SO2. Measurements of both compounds showed separate, inverse correlations to temperature and moisture meteorological parameters indicating possible contributing and / or causal release factors. Further identification of these and other VSCs within ASS samplers was undertaken in the laboratory using gas chromatography in combination with solid-phase microextraction. Although SO2 and H2S were not discovered within the headspace samples, two other VSCs important in atmospheric sulfur cycling and trace metal geochemistry were quantified; dimethylsulfide (DMS; > 300??g/L) and ethanethiol (ESH > 4??g/L). The measurements of H2S, DMS and ESH are the first quantifications with Australian ASS, and they may be important for refining regional or local atmospheric sulfur budgets, as well as interpreting previous SO2 emissions from ASS. Ultimately this thesis further enhances our understanding of the cycling of VSCs within acid sulfate systems.
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Books on the topic "Sulfur dioxide Health aspects"

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Folinsbee, Lawrence J. Supplement to the second addendum (1986) to air quality criteria for particulate matter and sulfur oxides (1982): Assessment of new findings on sulfur dioxide, acute exposure health effects in asthmatic individuals. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, 1994.

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Office, General Accounting. Air pollution: Sulfur dioxide emissions from nonferrous smelters have been reduced : report to the chairman, Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: GAO, 1986.

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Office, General Accounting. Air pollution: Information on EPA's efforts to control emissions of sulfur dioxide : report to the chairman, Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1987.

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Santlal, Kenneth. Sulfur dioxide emissions inventory, 1981-1985. Boston, Mass: DAQC Information Systems, 1987.

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Fullerton, Don. Sulfur dioxide compliance of a regulated utility. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1996.

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Joskow, Paul L. Auction design and the market for sulfur dioxide emissions. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1996.

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Jao, Yung-Wo. A technical and economic evaluation of the lime spray dryer process. [Toronto]: Ontario Hydro, Design and Development Division--Generation, 1985.

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Towle, Stewart W. World copper smelter sulfur balance--1988. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1993.

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WBK & Associates Inc. Sulphur dioxide: Environmental effects, fate and behaviour. [Edmonton]: Alberta Environment, 2003.

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Pollack, A. K. Trends in sulfur dioxide emissions from the electric utility industry and ambient sulfur dioxide concentrations in the northeastern United States, 1975 to 1982. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Atmospheric Sciences Research Laboratory, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Sulfur dioxide Health aspects"

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Hallenbeck, William H., and Kathleen M. Cunningham-Burns. "Sulfur Dioxide." In Pesticides and Human Health, 128. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5054-8_88.

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Zhang, Xin. "Particles Matter, Nitrogen Dioxide and Sulfur Dioxide." In Current Topics in Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine, 217–35. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9182-9_11.

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Koenig, Jane Q. "Health Effects of Sulfur Oxides: Sulfur Dioxide and Sulfuric Acid." In Health Effects of Ambient Air Pollution, 99–114. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4569-9_9.

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Siegwolf, Rolf T. W., Martine M. Savard, Thorsten E. E. Grams, and Steve Voelker. "Impact of Increasing CO2, and Air Pollutants (NOx, SO2, O3) on the Stable Isotope Ratios in Tree Rings." In Stable Isotopes in Tree Rings, 675–710. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92698-4_24.

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AbstractAnthropogenic activities such as industrialization, land use change and intensification of agriculture strongly contribute to changes in the concentrations of atmospheric trace gases. Carbon dioxide (CO2), oxidized N compounds(NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and ozone(O3) have particularly significant impacts on plant physiology. CO2, the substrate for plant photosynthesis, is in the focus of interest as the ambiguous effect of its increasing concentration is controversially discussed. Is its increase beneficial for plants or are plants non-responsive? NOx, a product of combustion and lightning, can have either fertilizing or toxic effects depending on the concentration and form. This is also the case for reduced forms of nitrogen(NHy), which are mostly emitted from agricultural and industrial activities. In combination CO2and N compounds can have a fertilizing effect. SO2 and ground-level O3 are mostly phytotoxic, depending on their concentrations, daily and seasonal exposure dynamics, and tree health condition. Elevated concentrations of both substances arise from industrial combustion processes and car emissions. All of the above-mentioned gaseous compounds affect plant metabolism in their specific ways and to different degrees. This impacts the isotope fractionation leaving specific fingerprints in the C, O, (H) and N isotope ratios of organic matter. In this chapter we will show how the impact of increasing CO2 and air pollutants are reflected in the isotopic ratios of tree rings. Increasing CO2 shows a considerable variation in responses of δ13C and to a minor degree in δ18O. Ozone and SO2 exposure cause an overall increase of the δ13C values in tree rings and a slight decrease in δ18O, mimicking an increase in net photosynthesis (AN) and to a minor degree in stomatal conductance (gs). However, directly measured AN and gs values show the opposite, which does not always correspond with the isotope derived gas exchange data. NO2 concentration as it is found near highly frequented freeways or industrial plants causes an increase of δ13C while δ18O decreases. This indicates an increase in both AN and gs, which corresponds well with directly measured gas exchange data. Thus the air quality situation must be taken in consideration for the interpretation of isotope values in tree rings.
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Pignocchino, Gianmarco, Alessandro Pezzoli, and Angelo Besana. "Satellite Data and Epidemic Cartography: A Study of the Relationship Between the Concentration of NO2 and the COVID-19 Epidemic." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 55–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94426-1_5.

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AbstractSatellite data are widely used to study the spatial component of epidemics: to monitor their evolution, to create epidemiological risk maps and predictive models. The improvement of data quality, not only in technical terms but also of scientific relevance and robustness, represents in this context one of the most important aspects for health information technology that can make further significant and useful progress in monitoring and managing epidemics. In this regard, this paper intends to address an issue that is not always adequately considered in the use of satellite data for the creation of maps and spatial models of epidemics, namely the preliminary verification of the level of spatial correlation between remote sensing environmental variables and epidemics. Specifically, we intend to evaluate the contribution of exposure to the pollutant nitrogen dioxide (NO2) on the spatial spread of the virus and the severity of the current COVID infection.
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Malik, Mayank Kumar, and Sonu Kumar. "Sulfur dioxide: Risk assessment, environmental, and health hazard." In Hazardous Gases, 375–89. Elsevier, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-89857-7.00011-6.

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Johns, D. O., J. P. Pinto, J. Y. Kim, and E. O. Owens. "Respiratory Effects of Short Term Peak Exposures to Sulfur Dioxide." In Encyclopedia of Environmental Health, 526–33. Elsevier, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-63951-6.00726-9.

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Saleh, Tawfik A. "Environmental Concerns and the Importance of Desulfurization." In Nanocomposites for the Desulfurization of Fuels, 284–94. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2146-5.ch008.

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The increased utilization of fossil fuels and subsequent industrialization in most of the world has led to a remarkable increase in the atmospheric sulfur compounds concentrations. Pollution released by the use of petroleum-based fuels contributes immensely to the deterioration of air quality despite regulatory and technological advances in place. SOx, NOx, and particulate matter are constantly emitted to the environment which affects public health, ecosystem, and general wellbeing of the people living mostly in urban areas. Sulfur dioxide, which is the immediate sulfur compound found in the lower atmosphere after combustion of fuels, has a major role to play in the formation of acid rain, smog formation, and particulate aerosols. Each of these formations affects the healthy living of animals, plants, soils, water, and the general ecosystem. This chapter discusses the environmental issues of sulfur.
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Revesz, Richard, and Jack Lienke. "A Warming World." In Struggling for Air. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190233112.003.0009.

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In the preceding chapters, we’ve focused largely on what is often called “traditional pollution”: soot and smog and their precursors, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. But power plants are also the nation’s largest source of a very different sort of pollutant: carbon dioxide. Unlike traditional pollution, atmospheric CO2 does not pose a threat to public health through inhalation. As every schoolchild learns, humans exhale CO2 during normal respiration, and plants absorb it as part of the photosynthesis that fuels their growth. Carbon dioxide does, however, act as a “greenhouse gas.” Like the glass of a greenhouse, molecules of CO2 let sunlight pass through to warm the earth but then trap some of the heat that radiates back from the planet’s surface. Up to a point, this heat-trapping effect is beneficial; without it, the earth would be too cold to support life. But when humans burn fossil fuels, carbon that has been sequestered underground for millions of years is rapidly released in the form of CO2, and the natural carbon cycle is altered. As the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere increases, the greenhouse effect becomes stronger, and the earth’s surface temperature rises. Over time, warming driven by ever-increasing industrial emissions of CO2 is expected to have serious, possibly devastating consequences for all corners of human society. (There are other greenhouse gases, like methane, but CO2 is by far the most common, accounting for more than 75 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions and almost 85 percent of U.S. emissions.) And yet, when President Obama took office in 2009, almost forty years after the U.S. Congress passed a piece of legislation designed to eliminate all air pollution that posed a threat to public health and welfare, emissions of carbon dioxide were still entirely unregulated at the federal level. As the President observed in his first Earth Day address on April 22, 2009: “[W] e place limits on pollutants like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide and other harmful emissions. But we haven’t placed any limits on carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. It’s what’s called the carbon loophole.”
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Johns, D. O., J. P. Pinto, J. Y. Kim, and E. O. Owens. "Respiratory Effects of Short Term Peak Exposures to Sulfur Dioxide⋆⋆The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the US Environmental Protection Agency." In Encyclopedia of Environmental Health, 852–59. Elsevier, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-52272-6.00726-1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Sulfur dioxide Health aspects"

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Huang, Xindi, and Nadezhda Yudina. "MODELS DESCRIBING THE ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF POLLUTANT EMISSIONS BY ROAD TRANSPORT." In Modern aspects of modeling systems and processes. FSBE Institution of Higher Education Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/mamsp_167-173.

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Air pollution is the most serious environmental problem facing most industrial cities in the world and in China. The World Health Organization measured the concentration of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and total suspended particulate matter in 272 cities in 53 countries around the world, listing the ten most severely polluted cities in the world. The spatial and temporal distribu-tion of air pollutants depends on various factors such as the meteorological field, the source of emissions, the complex bottom surface of the site, the interplay of physical and chemical processes, and has strong non-linear characteristics [5]. Air quality forecasting is commonly used in the field of statistical forecasting methods, according to long-term monitoring data, the creation of a statisti-cal forecasting model, the model is simple, easy to operate business, but no solid physical founda-tion, and another numerical forecasting model based on atmospheric physics and material transfer model although the physical foundation is solid, comprehensive forecast results, but the forecast results are not reliable. Already in the 1950s, the system of meteorology of air pollution was gradu-ally formed, the box model, the Gaussian model, the Lagrange model, the Euler model, the dense gas model and other five types of models appeared. The first Gaussian model allows one to obtain a diffusion model of a local small-scale space and make predictions, then, based on the Gaussian model of the study, a modified model is obtained for other reliefs and weather conditions. There-fore, the modeling accuracy and applicable conditions are difficult to cope with the needs of large-scale complex meteorological conditions of air quality models.
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Saadawi, Hisham N. H. "Safety Aspects of Processing Carbon Dioxide for CCS and CO2-EOR Projects." In SPE Middle East Health, Safety, Security, and Environment Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/150019-ms.

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Khawaji, Akili D., and Jong-Mihn Wie. "Seawater Scrubbing for the Removal of Sulfur Dioxide in a Steam Turbine Power Plant." In ASME 2005 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pwr2005-50051.

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The most popular method of controlling sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions in a steam turbine power plant is a flue gas desulfurization (FGD) process that uses lime/limestone scrubbing. Another relatively newer FGD technology is to use seawater as a scrubbing medium to absorb SO2 by utilizing the alkalinity present in seawater. This seawater scrubbing FGD process is viable and attractive when a sufficient quantity of seawater is available as a spent cooling water within reasonable proximity to the FGD scrubber. In this process the SO2 gas in the flue gas is absorbed by seawater in an absorber and subsequently oxidized to sulfate by additional seawater. The benefits of the seawater FGD process over the lime/limestone process and other processes are; 1) The process does not require reagents for scrubbing as only seawater and air are needed, thereby reducing the plant operating cost significantly, and 2) No solid waste and sludge are generated, eliminating waste disposal, resulting in substantial cost savings and increasing plant operating reliability. This paper reviews the thermodynamic aspects of the SO2 and seawater system, basic process principles and chemistry, major unit operations consisting of absorption, oxidation and neutralization, plant operation and performance, cost estimates for a typical seawater FGD plant, and pertinent environmental issues and impacts. In addition, the paper presents the major design features of a seawater FGD scrubber for the 130 MW oil fired steam turbine power plant that is under construction in Madinat Yanbu Al-Sinaiyah, Saudi Arabia. The scrubber with the power plant designed for burning heavy fuel oil containing 4% sulfur by weight, is designed to reduce the SO2 level in flue gas to 425 ng/J from 1,957 ng/J.
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Iwasawa, S., T. Tsuboi, M. Nakano, N. Yoshioka, S. Tanaka, and K. Omae. "1153 Effects of sulfur dioxide on fractional exhaled nitric oxide concentration in the child residents of miyakejima island." In 32nd Triennial Congress of the International Commission on Occupational Health (ICOH), Dublin, Ireland, 29th April to 4th May 2018. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2018-icohabstracts.1270.

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Millet, François, Patrick Friez, Angelo Franzi, Bernard Bonnefois, and Jean-Marc Lardon. "Superduplex Stainless Steel Use in Manufacturing Highly Sour Gas Centrifugal Compressors." In ASME 1996 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/96-gt-272.

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More and more often, oil fields need to handle wet sour gases which contain high proportions of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide. Furthermore, the liquid phase contains water with chlorides. Therefore, pitting corrosion and stress corrosion cracking may occur. Centrifugal compressors used on oil fields for increasing the pressure levels, require components which must be resistant to be efficient, but nevertheless cheap for an industrial solution. A corrosion resistant material with high mechanical characteristics is necessary. Duplex stainless steels which have been widely developed and experimented on off-shore applications, are a good way to achieve this challenge. They must be solution annealed to withstand severe corrosion conditions. This paper deals with the metallurgical aspects and the major influence of heat treatments, and with the manufacturing process of two major components : the casing and the rotor. This new centrifugal compressor, designed for a highly sour gas service, with 87% of acid compoaents, is dedicated to a process of sulphur elimination from the flare gas for environmental protection reasons. It has been operating since the beginning of 1995 by GASCO in Abu Dhabi.
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Prisecaru, Tudor I., Corneliu Dica, Cristian Petcu, Malina Mihaela Prisecaru, and Radu Chiriac. "Injection Technology of Enriched Hydrogen Gas to Reduce Sulfur Oxide and Fly Ash Emission." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-66936.

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This paper presents a CFD model and the first validation set of results concerning a new technology to inject and adsorb, under safe conditions, a hydrogen enriched gas in solid fuel that has been milled, at the burner inlets of a power designated steam boiler. The present paper presents a dynamic model of enrichment technology which refers to the improvement of the classical existent technological flow of the pulverized coal burning installation in order to prepare and burn weak volatile matters pulverized fuel. The model refers to obtain an enriched hydrogen pit coal by the injection of an hydrogen enriched gas into the average ground pulverized pit coal current, the control of the gas diffusion into the porous environment of the powder particles, process that is accelerated in comparison with other gaseous component parts due to the hydrogen atom / molecule characteristics, and finally, the adsorption of this molecule into coal particles. The complex nature of this model consists in: to issue and simulate the procedure to inject and diffuse the hydrogen enriched gas in the pulverized coal current; to design and to simulate an installation to enrich by injection the pulverized pit coal in primary mixture stream — a special attention is paid to the influence of the pit coal particles porosity upon the hydrogen adsorbing process; to develop a model to simulate the burners operation in these new conditions. Burning process of this enriched pulverized pit coal is expected to produce a strong decrease in sulfur dioxide emissions and also in the flying ash concentration at the end of the furnace. A set of preliminary experimental results concerning all aspects of this technology will be also presented. These results have been obtained on a laboratory scaled installation which is located at labs of the Politehnica University of Bucharest. This installation has a storage capacity of hydrogen, a 5000 rpm ventilator mill to prepare the solid fuel. Test equipment includes Horiba gas analyzer, high speed camera and all other facilities to determine all the operational parameters. Different types of burners can be installed at this installation in order to determine an optimal procedure.
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7

Cue´llar, Amanda D., and Michael E. Webber. "Cow Power: The Energy and Air Quality Benefits of Converting Manure to Biogas." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-68140.

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This report consists of a top-level aggregate analysis of the total potential for converting livestock manure into a domestic renewable fuel source (biogas) that could be used to help states meet renewable portfolio standard requirements, reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and improve air quality. In the U.S. livestock produces over one billion tons of manure annually. Typical disposal methods for animal manure allow for the emission of ammonia, particulate matter, unpleasant odors, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and a variety of other air pollutants, which can damage the environment and pose risks to animal and human health. These disposal methods also allow for the uncontrolled emission of methane and nitrous oxide, two potent greenhouse gases (GHGs), with 21 and 310 times the global warming potential of carbon dioxide, respectively. Annually, 51 to 118 million metric tons (MMT) of carbon dioxide equivalent are emitted from livestock manure alone. Because air quality problems are on the rise, and trends show the contribution to GHG emissions from manure increasing from 1990 to 2005, limiting emissions from manure represents a valuable starting point for improving air quality and mitigating global climate change. Through anaerobic digestion, a well-known and time-tested process, animal manure is converted to methane rich biogas and many of the emissions of common manure management practices are avoided. Biogas is useful in a variety of applications such as a coal or natural gas substitute in electricity generation, which is the scenario considered in this analysis. Using values for the amount of biogas that can be produced per animal unit (defined as 1000 pounds of animal) per day and the number of animal units in the U.S., the authors determined that the 95 million animal units in the country could produce nearly 1 quad of renewable energy per year, approximately 1% of the U.S. total energy consumption. Converting the biogas into electricity using standard microturbines could produce 88 ± 20 billion kWh, or 2.4 ± 0.6% of annual electricity consumption in the U.S. Such an approach replaces two relatively dirty energy sources—manure and coal combustion—with a relatively cleaner source, biogas combustion, thereby yielding a net potential GHG emissions reduction of 99 ± 59 million metric tons or 3.9 ± 2.3% of the annual GHG emissions from electricity generation in the U. S. In addition, this approach has the potential to eliminate 0.4 ± 0.09 MMT of sulfur dioxide emissions, 0.1 ± 0.03 MMT of NOx, 0.002 MMT of mercury, and 0.69 ± 0.12 MMT of particulate matter from coal combustion. When natural gas is displaced, biogas use could eliminate 0.083 ± 0.019 of NOx and 0.006 ± 0.001 of SO2 while biogas combustion would emit approximately 0.068 MMT of NOx, 0.007 MMT of carbon monoxide, 0.005 MMT of particulate matter, 0.002 MMT of sulfur dioxide and 0.002 MMT of VOCs.
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8

Kumar, Naveen, Harveer Singh Pali, and Sidharth Bansal. "Some Studies on NOX Reduction From a Diesel Engine Using Stabilized Emulsion." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-87374.

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The twentieth century has seen a rapid twenty-fold increase in the use of fossil fuels. Personal and commercial transportation consumes 2% of the total world energy. The main products of combustion of fossil fuel are carbon mono oxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbons (HC), Carbon dioxide (CO2), oxides of sulfur (SOx), oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and particulate matter. Oxides of nitrogen (NOx) are the major diesel engine pollutants and referred to as mixtures of nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). NOx emissions are required to be controlled because NO and NO2 contribute to the formation of smog, an environmental and human health hazard. NO2 is also directly of concern as a human lung aggravation. To reduce NOx emissions from a diesel engine, the introduction of water in the combustion chamber of a diesel engine is a promising option as vaporization of water reduces adiabatic flame temperature and micro-explosion phenomena lead to improved mixing. In the present study, stable D/W emulsion, with varying water content, up to 3% were prepared using span 80 as a surfactant. The results indicated a reduction in NOx and smoke with increasing water volume fraction in the emulsion compared to diesel baseline. However, beyond 2% water content led to increased ignition delay and higher diffusion phase heat release resulting in noisy engine operation. Therefore, it can be concluded that diesel-water emulsion with 2% water could be used for significant reduction of NOx emissions from diesel and biodiesel operation of a CI Engine.
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9

Bainier, Francis, Pascal Alas, Florian Morin, and Tony Pillay. "Two Years of Improvement and Experience in PEMS for Gas Turbines." In ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2016-56138.

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Due to environmental regulations, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) emissions are key issues for gas turbine plants. Regulators are becoming more and more involved and they often require complete and real-time emission information. The measurements can be done with gas analyzers, this technology is called CEMS: Continuous Emissions Monitoring System. An alternative method [1][2] is to use a calculation based on the turbine instrumentation. This technology is called PEMS: Predictive Emissions Monitoring System. But these technologies do not provide all the information required by the regulator. GRTgaz, the main gas transmission company in France managing 44 turbines spread over 27 stations across France, has decided to monitor its emissions by PEMS for many years. Two years ago, GRTgaz developed successfully its own PEMS equations, organized answers to regulators around this technology and decided to spread the technology across its gas turbine fleet. The complete intellectual path followed is described in the paper GT2014-25242. This 2016 3-part paper describes the PEMS project steps forward. In the first part of the paper, a review is done of the PEMS equations used at GRTgaz for NOx and CO concentrations. The various lean premixed combustion turbines differ in terms of combustion design, control and instrumentation. These differences are analyzed considering their influence on combustion and their impact on the PEMS results accuracy. In order to comply with regulators requirements a calibration of the PEMS results is done every quarter. The results of the first 2 stations equipped with PEMS are described in this first part. The second part of the paper introduces the smoke developed and the neutral air flow to complete the real time calculation required by the regulators: SO2 concentration and the mass flowrates for NOx, CO and SO2. The final calculation integrates the mass flowrate in order to elaborate the total mass emitted into the atmosphere over different time periods. The last part deals with developing personnel involvement, managing the data and compiling the results given to regulators. These aspects were more difficult to implement than expected. The importance of these aspects should not be underestimated because the scientific credibility of PEMS cannot be confirmed without them.
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10

Rodriguez, Fernancelys, Maria Llamedo, Hadi Belhaj, and Ahmed Belhaj. "Challenges Associated with the Acid Gases Production and Capture in Hydrocarbon Reservoirs: A Critical Review of the Venezuelan Cases." In SPE Thermal Well Integrity and Production Symposium. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/212146-ms.

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Abstract Acid gases production, such as hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide, from heavy oil reservoirs in Venezuela is generally associated with the application of thermal enhanced oil recovery methods. These undesired gases, especially H2S, can be removed by injecting chemical additives that promote chemical reactions with oxidative or nonoxidative mechanisms in the producing system to generate fewer toxic byproducts. According to the literature, H2S scavengers evaluated in the oil industry are amines, alkaline sodium nitrite, hydrogen peroxide, triazine, among others. To mitigate both H2S and CO2 from a reservoir, some novel proposals are under study to offer alternatives to control them from the reservoir and reduce their production in surface. This article presents a review of the key parameters that play a role in the generation of acid gases, mainly H2S and CO2, in Venezuelan oil reservoirs. The operational field data, the main reactions and mechanisms involved in the process (e.g., aquathermolysis, hydro pyrolysis), and the type of byproducts generated will be reviewed. The results and knowledge gained will assist in identifying the main insights of the process, associating them with other international field cases published in the literature, and establishing perspectives for the evaluation of the most convenient techniques from health, safety, technical and economic points of view. Lab and field results have shown that the application of thermal EOR methods in reservoirs of the main Venezuelan basins promote the generation of acid gases due to physicochemical transformations of sulfur, and/or fluid-rock interactions. Sulfur content in Venezuelan viscous oil reservoirs, together with rock mineralogy (clay type) has a significant impact on H2S production. Reported lab results also indicated that H2S scavengers reduce the amount of sulfur, and the presence of CO2 also affects the H2S removal mechanisms, depending on which type of scavenger is selected (e.g., amines, triazine, etc.). Solubilization, hydrolysis, adsorption, absorption, and complex sequestrant reactions (oxidation, neutralization, regeneration, and precipitations) are the main mechanisms involved in the removal of H2S. The literature reported that the application of triazine liquid scavengers is found to generate monomeric dithiazine byproducts (amorphous polymeric dithiazine) which might cause formation damage or inflict flow assurance issues upstream and downstream. This work presents a state of the art review on H2S generation mechanisms and new technologies for the mitigation of acid gases in Venezuelan reservoirs. It also provides perspectives for the application of the most convenient technologies for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions (mostly CO2), which is critical to producing hydrocarbons with low environmental impact.
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Reports on the topic "Sulfur dioxide Health aspects"

1

Dick, Warren, Yona Chen, and Maurice Watson. Improving nutrient availability in alkaline coal combustion by-products amended with composted animal manures. United States Department of Agriculture, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7587240.bard.

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Hypothesis and Objectives: We hypothesized that coal combustion products (CCPs), including those created during scrubbing of sulfur dioxide from flue gases, can be used alone or mixed with composted animal manures as effective growth media for plants. Our specific objectives were, therefore, to (1) measure the chemical, physical and hydraulic properties of source materials and prepared mixes, (2) determine the optimum design mix of CCPs and composted animal manures for growth of plants, (3) evaluate the leachate water quality and plant uptake of selected elements from prepared mixes, (4) quantify the interaction between composted animal manures and B concentrations in the mixes, (5) study the availability of P to plants growing in the mixes, and (6) determine the microbial community and siderophores involved in the solubilization of Fe and its transfer to plants. Background: In recent years a major expansion of electricity production by coal combustion has taken place in Israel, the United States and the rest of the world. As a result, a large amount of CCPs are created that include bottom ash, fly ash, flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum and other combustion products. In Israel 100,000 tons of fly ash (10% of total CCPs) are produced each year and in the US a total of 123 million tons of CCPs are produced each year with 71 million tons of fly ash, 18 million tons of bottom ash and 12 million tons of FGD gypsum. Many new scrubbers are being installed and will come on-line in the next 2 to 10 years and this will greatly expand the amount of FGD gypsum. One of the main substrates used in Israel for growth media is volcanic ash (scoria; tuff). The resemblance of bottom coal ash to tuff led us to the assumption that it is possible to substitute tuff with bottom ash. Similarly, bottom ash and FGD gypsum were considered excellent materials for creating growth mixes for agricultural and nursery production uses. In the experiments conducted, bottom ash was studied in Israel and bottom ash, fly ash and FGD gypsum was studied in the US. Major Achievements: In the US, mixes were tested that combine bottom ash, organic amendments (i.e. composts) and FGD gypsum and the best mixes supported growth of tomato, wheat and marigolds that were equal to or better than two commercial mixes used as a positive control. Plants grown on bottom ash in Israel also performed very well and microelements and radionuclides analyses conducted on plants grown on bottom coal ash proved it is safe to ingest the edible organs of these plants. According to these findings, approval to use bottom coal ash for growing vegetables and fruits was issued by the Israeli Ministry of Health. Implications: Bottom coal ash is a suitable substitute for volcanic ash (scoria; tuff) obtained from the Golan Heights as a growth medium in Israel. Recycling of bottom coal ash is more environmentally sustainable than mining a nonrenewable resource. The use of mixes containing CCPs was shown feasible for growing plants in the United States and is now being evaluated at a commercial nursery where red sunset maple trees are being grown in a pot-in-pot production system. In addition, because of the large amount of FGD gypsum that will become available, its use for production of agronomic crops is being expanded due to success of this study.
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2

Dick, Warren, Yona Chen, and Maurice Watson. Improving nutrient availability in alkaline coal combustion by-products amended with composted animal manures. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7695883.bard.

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Abstract:
Hypothesis and Objectives: We hypothesized that coal combustion products (CCPs), including those created during scrubbing of sulfur dioxide from flue gases, can be used alone or mixed with composted animal manures as effective growth media for plants. Our specific objectives were, therefore, to (1) measure the chemical, physical and hydraulic properties of source materials and prepared mixes, (2) determine the optimum design mix of CCPs and composted animal manures for growth of plants, (3) evaluate the leachate water quality and plant uptake of selected elements from prepared mixes, (4) quantify the interaction between composted animal manures and B concentrations in the mixes, (5) study the availability of P to plants growing in the mixes, and (6) determine the microbial community and siderophores involved in the solubilization of Fe and its transfer to plants. Background: In recent years a major expansion of electricity production by coal combustion has taken place in Israel, the United States and the rest of the world. As a result, a large amount of CCPs are created that include bottom ash, fly ash, flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum and other combustion products. In Israel 100,000 tons of fly ash (10% of total CCPs) are produced each year and in the US a total of 123 million tons of CCPs are produced each year with 71 million tons of fly ash, 18 million tons of bottom ash and 12 million tons of FGD gypsum. Many new scrubbers are being installed and will come on-line in the next 2 to 10 years and this will greatly expand the amount of FGD gypsum. One of the main substrates used in Israel for growth media is volcanic ash (scoria; tuff). The resemblance of bottom coal ash to tuff led us to the assumption that it is possible to substitute tuff with bottom ash. Similarly, bottom ash and FGD gypsum were considered excellent materials for creating growth mixes for agricultural and nursery production uses. In the experiments conducted, bottom ash was studied in Israel and bottom ash, fly ash and FGD gypsum was studied in the US. Major Achievements: In the US, mixes were tested that combine bottom ash, organic amendments (i.e. composts) and FGD gypsum and the best mixes supported growth of tomato, wheat and marigolds that were equal to or better than two commercial mixes used as a positive control. Plants grown on bottom ash in Israel also performed very well and microelements and radionuclides analyses conducted on plants grown on bottom coal ash proved it is safe to ingest the edible organs of these plants. According to these findings, approval to use bottom coal ash for growing vegetables and fruits was issued by the Israeli Ministry of Health. Implications: Bottom coal ash is a suitable substitute for volcanic ash (scoria; tuff) obtained from the Golan Heights as a growth medium in Israel. Recycling of bottom coal ash is more environmentally sustainable than mining a nonrenewable resource. The use of mixes containing CCPs was shown feasible for growing plants in the United States and is now being evaluated at a commercial nursery where red sunset maple trees are being grown in a pot-in-pot production system. In addition, because of the large amount of FGD gypsum that will become available, its use for production of agronomic crops is being expanded due to success of this study.
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