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Academic literature on the topic 'Sulfur cathodes'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Sulfur cathodes"

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Chung, Sheng-Heng, and Cun-Sheng Cheng. "(Digital Presentation) A Design of Nickel/Sulfur Energy-Storage Materials for Electrochemical Lithium-Sulfur Cells." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 4 (October 9, 2022): 542. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-024542mtgabs.

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Introduction As one of the next-generation rechargeable battery technologies beyond the lithium-ion chemistry, the lithium-sulfur chemistry enables the low-cost sulfur cathode to generate a high theoretical capacity of 1,675 mAh g-1 (10 times higher capacity than those of lithium-ion battery cathode). It further exhibits a high theoretical energy density of 2,600 Wh kg-1 in lithium-sulfur batteries (2–3 times higher energy density than lithium-ion batteries). However, as reported in recent publications, the development is far from adequate with respect to the high-loading sulfur cathode with high active-material content in building advanced lithium-sulfur batteries with a high energy density. The material challenges result from the use of an insulating sulfur as the active material, which would generate lithium polysulfides that can easily diffuse out from the cathode. The high cathode resistance and fast loss of the active material lead to the poor electrochemical utilization and efficiency of lithium-sulfur battery cathodes. These negative impacts subsequent derive the additional electrochemical challenges. A high amount of conductive and porous substrates is added in the cathode to replace the active material, which results in the limited amount of sulfur in the cathode and further blocks the improvement of designing high-energy-density sulfur cathodes. To address the above-mentioned issues, the research progresses of high-performance sulfur cathodes aim to design functional host for sulfur cathodes with the use of carbon for high conductivity, polymers for high ionic transfer, porous materials for physical polysulfide retention, polar materials for chemical polysulfide adsorption, catalysts for high reaction kinetics, etc. However, metallic materials that naturally have high conductivity, strong polysulfide adsorption capability, and catalytic conversion ability, are rarely reported. This is because metals have the highest density as compared to the aforementioned host materials, which commonly causes an insufficient amount of active material in the cathode and therefore inhibits the design of metal-sulfur nanocomposite in sulfur cathodes. To explore the metal/sulfur nanocomposite as a new research trend in sulfur cathodes, we propose a design for a nickel/sulfur nanocomposite as a novel energy-storage material by the electroless nickel plating method, and discuss its applications in lithium–sulfur battery cathodes. The nickel/sulfur energy-storage material possesses metallic nickel on the surface of the insulating sulfur particles as a result of the reduction of nickel ions during autocatalytic plating. By controlling the synthesis and fabrications conditions, the nickel/sulfur energy-storage material attains adjustable high sulfur contents of 60–95 wt% and adjustable high sulfur loadings of 2–10 mg cm−2 in the resulting cathode. The high-loading cathode with the nickel/sulfur energy-storage material demonstrates high electrochemical utilization and stability, which attains a high areal capacity of 8.2 mA∙h cm−2, an energy density of 17.3 mW∙h cm−2, and a stable cyclability for 100 cycles. Results and Discussion Here, in our presentation, we discuss our novel method for the fabrication of nickel/sulfur energy-storage material as an advanced composite cathode material for exploring battery electrochemistry and battery engineering. We adopt a modified electroless-plating method to synthesize nickel/sulfur energy-storage materials characterized by adjustable high sulfur contents and promising cathode performance. The plated nickel coating provides the nickel/sulfur energy-storage materials with metallic conductivity and polysulfide adsorption ability, which addresses the two major issues of sulfur cathodes.[1,2] Therefore, the nickel/sulfur energy-storage material attains high sulfur contents in the cathode and exhibits a high charge-storage capacity of 1,362 mA∙h g−1 and an excellent cyclability for 100 cycles. Moreover, the nickel/sulfur energy-storage material enables high-loading sulfur cathodes with a sulfur loading of 10 mg cm−2, a high areal capacity of 8.2 mA∙h cm−2, and an energy density of 17.3 mW∙h cm−2. Conclusion In summary, the summary of our nickel/sulfur energy-storage materials presented in this presentation would demonstrate a light-weight metallic nickel coating technique for fast charge transfer and strong polysulfide retention in the sulfur nanocomposites composite sulfur cathode. Moreover, our systematic analysis of the nickel/sulfur energy-storage materials exhibits their achievements in attaining both high electrochemical designs of high sulfur content and loading as well as possessing high energy density and electrochemical stability. References C.-S. Cheng, S.-H. Chung, Chem. Eng. J. 2022, 429, 132257. C.-S. Cheng, S.-H. Chung, Batter. Supercaps 2022, 5, e202100323.
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Xu, Yong Gang, Xiang Yu Yan, Jing Xiang, Han Wen Ou, and Wen Yao Yang. "Characterization of Sulfur/Graphitized Mesocarbon Microbeads Composite Cathodes for Li-S Batteries." Advanced Engineering Forum 44 (January 17, 2022): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.44.87.

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Cathode optimization is vital for improving the performance of Li-S batteries. Various carbon materials with special morphologies have been proposed and verified to form optimized sulfur/carbon (S/C) cathodes owning high cycling and rate performances. However, the high cost and complexity of material preparation processes hinder their commercialization. Herein, graphitized mesocarbon microbeads (g-MCMB) were used to form sulfur/carbon cathodes for Li-S battery. By simply dry-mixing sulfur powder with g-MCMB, S/g-MCMB cathodes were formed and characterized by galvanostatic charge-discharge tests, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Compared with S/C cathodes using acetylene black, S/g-MCMB cathodes show better cycling performance, but worse rate performance, which can be attributed to the size and morphologies of g-MCMB particles.
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Weret, Misganaw Adigo, Wei-Nien Su, and Bing-Joe Hwang. "Organosulfur Cathodes with High Compatibility in Carbonate Ester Electrolytes for Long Cycle Lithium–Sulfur Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 4 (October 9, 2022): 536. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-024536mtgabs.

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Lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) are potential candidates for high energy storage technologies due to their theoretical gravimetric energy density of ∼2600 Wh kg-1 and lightweight electrodes. In LSBs, ether electrolytes are frequently utilized because sulfur cathodes and the polysulfide redox intermediate species are chemically stable. However, LSBs in ether electrolytes suffer from the dissolution of higher-order polysulfides, and migration of the soluble polysulfides into electrolytes causes the polysulfide shuttle effect. The shuttle polysulfides react with the lithium anode and give rise to the irreversible deposition of lithium sulfides, deteriorate the morphology of the anode, and cause rapid capacity fading. Moreover, ether electrolytes are highly flammable and trigger safety issues. As an alternative, carbonate ester electrolytes are promising choices to substitute ether electrolytes in LSBs. Organic carbonate electrolytes used in LSBs result in irreversible reactions with long-chain polysulfide anions that cause the cell to shut down. Therefore, carbonate ester electrolytes compatible sulfur cathodes design needs special attention. Sulfurized polyacrylonitrile (SPAN) and short-chain sulfur cathodes are compatible with organic carbonate electrolytes. However, the sulfur contents in these cathodes are mostly below 50 wt% which hamper the practical application of the LSBs. Here, we designed an organosulfur cathode with a high chemical bonded sulfur content of ~58 wt% in the cathode composite. The prepared organosulfur cathode showed excellent compatibility with carbonate ester electrolytes. The organosulfur cathode exhibits a high initial discharge capacity of 1301 mAh g-1 and long cycle stability for 400 cycles with nearly 99.99% coulombic efficiency.
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Zhu, Sheng, and Yan Li. "Carbon-metal oxide nanocomposites as lithium-sulfur battery cathodes." Functional Materials Letters 11, no. 06 (December 2018): 1830007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793604718300074.

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In rechargeable lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries, the conductive carbon materials with high surface areas can greatly enhance the electrical conductivity of sulfur cathode, and metal oxides can restrain the dissolution of lithium polysulfides within the electrolyte through strong chemical bindings. The rational design of carbon-metal oxide nanocomposite cathodes has been considered as an effective solution to increase the sulfur utilization and improve cycling performance of Li-S batteries. Here, we summarize the recent progresses in the carbon-metal oxide composites for Li-S battery cathodes. Some insights are also offered on the future directions of carbon-metal oxide hybrid cathodes for high performance Li-S batteries.
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Gerle, Martina, Norbert Wagner, Joachim Häcker, Maryam Nojabaee, and Kasper Andreas Friedrich. "Identification of the Underlying Processes in Impedance Response of Sulfur/Carbon Composite Cathodes at Different SOC." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 169, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 030505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac56a4.

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For lithium-sulfur batteries, porous carbon/sulfur composite cathodes are the primary solution to compensate the non-conductive nature of sulfur. The composition and structure of this class of cathodes are crucial to the electrochemical performance, achieved energy density and the stability of the cell. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is employed to investigate and correlate the electrochemical performance of lithium-sulfur batteries to the composition and microstructure of differently fabricated carbon/sulfur composite cathodes. A transmission line model is applied to identify different underlying electrochemical processes appearing in the impedance response of a range of porous carbon/sulfur cathodes. The integration of a lithium ring serving as a counter electrode coupled with advanced wiring has allowed an artifact-free recording of the cathode impedance at different states of charge with the aim to investigate the evolution of impedance during discharge/charge and the kinetics of charge transfer depending on the infiltration method and the utilized carbon host. It is shown that impedance response of this class of cathodes is highly diverse and the plausible underlying processes are discussed in details. To this end, quasi-solid-state and various polysulfide-based charge transfer mechanisms are identified and their time constants are reported.
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Song, Jiangxuan, Zhaoxin Yu, Terrence Xu, Shuru Chen, Hiesang Sohn, Michael Regula, and Donghai Wang. "Flexible freestanding sandwich-structured sulfur cathode with superior performance for lithium–sulfur batteries." J. Mater. Chem. A 2, no. 23 (2014): 8623–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ta00742e.

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Flexible freestanding sandwich-structured sulfur cathodes are developed for lithium–sulfur batteries, which exhibit excellent cycling stability and rate capability. A high areal capacity of ∼4 mA h cm−2 is also demonstrated based on this new cathode configuration.
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Perez Beltran, Saul, and Perla B. Balbuena. "First-principles explorations of the electrochemical lithiation dynamics of a multilayer graphene nanosheet-based sulfur–carbon composite." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 6, no. 37 (2018): 18084–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ta04375b.

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Graphitized-polymer-based sulfur cathodes have emerged as alternative cathode materials that are able to overcome many of the technical challenges that currently hinder lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries from their use in long-term high-energy applications.
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Manjum, Marjanul, Saheed Adewale Lateef, William Earl Mustain, and Golareh Jalilvand. "Cycle-Induced Structural Evolution of Sulfur Cathodes in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 2 (October 9, 2022): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-022136mtgabs.

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Lithium (Li) ion batteries (LIBs) have been the predominant and fastest growing energy storage technology over the past few decades. A significant amount of LIB research has been carried out and remarkable improvements in the technology have been achieved. As a result, state-of-the-art LIBs offer superior cyclability, high efficiency, and high specific energy relative to competitors [1]. However, the desire for long-range electric vehicles (EVs) and grid-level energy storage and delivery is increasing the demands for batteries with very high gravimetric energy density (e.g. > 500 Wh/kg) [2]. This is simply much higher than what LIB electrode materials can practically offer (~ 260 Wh/kg). Therefore, alternative chemistries are needed at both electrodes. One material that has received significant attention recently as a replacement cathode material in Li-based batteries is sulfur (S). S has 5 times the theoretical specific energy than conventional LIB cathodes and can offer a practical energy density of > 500 Wh/kg when coupled with commercially available lithiated graphite or Li metal anodes [3]. S is also non-toxic, low-cost, and has high natural abundance. These properties make S a promising candidate for next-generation cathodes in Li battery systems. Yet, the path to achieving near theoretical capacity and long cycle life for S cathodes has proven difficult due to numerous unsolved scientific and technical issues including: i) the insulating nature of Sulfur (S8) and its discharged product (Li2S); ii) undesired solubility of the S products in the liquid electrolyte, resulting in the degrading so-called Li polysulfides “shuttling”, and iii) structural change of the S cathode during charge and discharge due to the large volume variation between the fully charged and discharged products [4]. Several approaches have been reported to address these challenges and improve the Li-S battery performance and durability. Despite these efforts, the advances have been mostly limited to a small number of cycles, or the need for complex structures and that would lead to expensive synthesis costs at the manufacturing scale. In fact, it is not truly known if such complex structures are even necessary as the literature lacks a truly systematic investigation into i) the influence of the S structure on its behavior; and ii) how the S structure evolves as a result of charging and discharging the cell. It is also likely that complex structures would not be reformed upon deep charging/discharging – making their possible advantages only temporary. Hence, there are a limited number of truly practical S cathodes that can be rationally developed [3, 4]. In this work, new insights are presented regarding the structural evolution of S cathodes throughout cycling. The structural changes experienced by the S cathodes were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) during charge and discharge (at C/10) over the lifetime of the cell (10’s to 100’s of cycles) for multiple cells. Cycling was done with Li-S coin cells that were made using a Li metal anode and a S cathode. The S cathode was prepared using commercially available S powder, a through low-cost, simple, and scalable electrode recipe and production techniques. Drastic microstructural and compositional transformations were observed in the S cathodes as a consequence of charging and discharging. Results suggest that there was a reversible swelling transfiguration of the support structure (conductive carbon plus binder) during each discharge and charge step. It was also observed that the location and distribution of S was changed, and new structures were formed. These results are expected to cast light on a fairly unknown area in the Li-S battery technology, which can help with future scale-up and manufacturing of these cells. References [1] G. E. Blomgren, “The development and future of lithium ion batteries,” Journal of The Electrochemical Society, vol. 164, no. 1, p. A5019, 2016. [2] B. Zhu, X. Wang, P. Yao, J. Li, and J. Zhu, “Towards high energy density lithium battery anodes: silicon and lithium,” Chemical science, vol. 10, no. 30, pp. 7132–7148, 2019. [3] Z. Lin and C. Liang, “Lithium–sulfur batteries: from liquid to solid cells,” Journal of Materials Chemistry A, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 936–958, 2015. [4] ZW. She, Y. Sun, Q. Zhang, and Y. Cui. “Designing high-energy lithium–sulfur batteries” Chemical society reviews, vol. 45, no. 20, pp. 5605-5634, 2016.
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Pan, Hui. "Cationic MOF-Based Cu/Mo Bimetal Doped Multifunctional Carbon Nanofibers As Efficient Catalyst for High Sulfur Loading Lithium-Sulfur Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 64 (October 9, 2022): 2297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02642297mtgabs.

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High sulfur loading is the key to achieve high energy density promised by lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. However, serious problems such as low sulfur utilization, poor rate performance and cycle stability have been exposed during the scaling up of the sulfur loading for freestanding cathodes. To address these issues, the adsorption/catalytic ability of high sulfur loading cathode toward polysulfides must be improved. Herein, based on excellent properties of cationic MOFs, we proposed that Cu-Mo bimetallic nanoparticles embedded in multifunctional freestanding nitrogen-doped porous carbon nanofiber (Cu-Mo@NPCN) with efficient catalytic sites and high sulfur loading capacity could be prepared by facile transition metal-based anion exchange of cationic MOFs. And the sulfur embedded in Cu-Mo@NPCN was directly used as freestanding sulfur cathodes, enabling a high areal capacity, good rate performance, and cycling stability even under high sulfur loading. The freestanding Cu-Mo@NPCN/10.3S achieves high areal capacity of 9.3 mA h cm-2 and volumetric capacity of 1163 mA h cm-3 at 0.2 C with a sulfur loading of 10.3 mg cm-2. This work provides new insights into freestanding sulfur cathode engineering for high-performance Li-S batteries and would advance the development of cationic MOF-derived bimetallic catalysts in various energy storage technologies. Figure 1
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Yang, Yuan, Guangyuan Zheng, and Yi Cui. "Nanostructured sulfur cathodes." Chemical Society Reviews 42, no. 7 (2013): 3018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2cs35256g.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sulfur cathodes"

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Dörfler, Susanne, Markus Hagen, Holger Althues, Jens Tübke, Stefan Kaskel, and Michael J. Hoffmann. "High capacity vertical aligned carbon nanotube/sulfur composite cathodes for lithium–sulfur batteries." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-138906.

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Binder free vertical aligned (VA) CNT/sulfur composite electrodes with high sulfur loadings up to 70 wt% were synthesized delivering discharge capacities higher than 800 mAh g−1 of the total composite electrode mass
Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich
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Dörfler, Susanne, Markus Hagen, Holger Althues, Jens Tübke, Stefan Kaskel, and Michael J. Hoffmann. "High capacity vertical aligned carbon nanotube/sulfur composite cathodes for lithium–sulfur batteries." Royal Society of Chemistry, 2012. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A27791.

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Binder free vertical aligned (VA) CNT/sulfur composite electrodes with high sulfur loadings up to 70 wt% were synthesized delivering discharge capacities higher than 800 mAh g−1 of the total composite electrode mass.
Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.
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Lee, Jung Tae. "Chalcogen-carbon nanocomposite cathodes for rechargeable lithium batteries." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53064.

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Current electrochemical energy storage systems are not sufficient to meet ever-rising energy storage requirements of emerging technologies. Hence, development of alternative electrode materials is inevitable. This thesis aims to establish novel electrode materials demonstrating both high energy and power density with prolonged cycle life derived from fundamental understandings on electrochemical reactions of chalcogens, such as sulfur (S) and selenium (Se). First, the effects of the pore size distribution, pore volume and specific surface area of porous carbons on the temperature-dependent electrochemical performance of S-infiltrated carbon cathodes in electrolytes having different salt concentrations are investigated. Additionally, the carbide derived carbon (CDC) synthesis temperature, electrolyte composition, and electrochemical S utilization have been correlated. The effects of thin Li-ion permeable but polysulfide non-permeable Al2O3 layer coating on the surface of S infiltrated carbon cathode are also examined. Similar with S studies, Se infiltrated ordered meso- and microporous CDC composites are prepared and the correlations between pore structure designing and electrolyte molarity are explored. Finally, this thesis demonstrates a simple process to form a protective solid electrolyte layer on the Se cathode surface in-situ. This technique adopts fluoroethylene carbonate to convert into a layer that remains permeable to Li ions, but prevents transport of polyselenides. As a whole, the correlations of multiple cell parameters, such as the cathode structure, the electrolyte composition, and operating temperature on the performances of lithium-chalcogen batteries are discussed.
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Shan, Jieqiong, Yuxin Liu, Yuezeng Su, Ping Liu, Xiaodong Zhuang, Dongqing Wu, Fan Zhang, and Xinliang Feng. "Graphene-directed two-dimensional porous carbon frameworks for high-performance lithium–sulfur battery cathodes." Royal Society of Chemistry, 2016. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A36281.

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Graphene-directed two-dimensional (2D) nitrogen-doped porous carbon frameworks (GPF) as the hosts for sulfur were constructed via the ionothermal polymerization of 1,4-dicyanobenzene directed by the polyacrylonitrile functionalized graphene nanosheets. As cathodes for lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries, the prepared GPF/sulfur nanocomposites exhibited a high capacity up to 962 mA h g⁻¹ after 120 cycles at 2 A g⁻¹. A high reversible capacity of 591 mA h g⁻¹ was still retained even at an extremely large current density of 20 A g⁻¹. Such impressive electrochemical performance of GPF should benefit from the 2D hierarchical porous architecture with an extremely high specific surface area, which could facilitate the efficient entrapment of sulfur and polysulfides and afford rapid charge transfer, fast electronic conduction as well as intimate contact between active materials and the electrolyte during cycling.
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Oschatz, Martin, J. T. Lee, H. Kim, Lars Borchardt, W. I. Cho, C. Ziegler, Stefan Kaskel, G. Yushin, and Winfrid Nickel. "Micro- and mesoporous carbide-derived carbon prepared by a sacrificial template method in high performance lithium sulfur battery cathodes." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-156825.

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Polymer-based carbide-derived carbons (CDCs) with combined micro- and mesopores are prepared by an advantageous sacrificial templating approach using poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) spheres as the pore forming material. Resulting CDCs reveal uniform pore size and pore shape with a specific surface area of 2434 m2 g−1 and a total pore volume as high as 2.64 cm3 g−1. The bimodal CDC material is a highly attractive host structure for the active material in lithium–sulfur (Li–S) battery cathodes. It facilitates the utilization of high molarity electrolytes and therefore the cells exhibit good rate performance and stability. The cathodes in the 5 M lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) electrolyte show the highest discharge capacities (up to 1404 mA h gs−1) and capacity retention (72% after 50 cycles at C/5). The unique network structure of the carbon host enables uniform distribution of sulfur through the conductive media and at the same time it facilitates rapid access for the electrolyte to the active material.
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Xiao, Yao. "Analysis for reaction mechanism of cathode materials for lithium-sulfur batteries." Doctoral thesis, Kyoto University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/263747.

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京都大学
新制・課程博士
博士(人間・環境学)
甲第23286号
人博第1001号
京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科相関環境学専攻
(主査)教授 内本 喜晴, 教授 田部 勢津久, 教授 高木 紀明
学位規則第4条第1項該当
Doctor of Human and Environmental Studies
Kyoto University
DFAM
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Campbell, Christopher. "The Effect of Pressure on Cathode Performance in the Lithium Sulfur Battery." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/312669.

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This study was undertaken to understand the effect of applied pressure on the performance of the lithium sulfur cathode. Compressible carbon based cathodes and novel nickel based cathodes were fabricated. For each cathode, pore volume and void volume were quantified and void fraction was calculated, compression under 0 to 2MPa was measured, and lithium-sulfur cells were assembled and cycled at pressures between 0 and 1MPa. The cathodes studied had void fractions in the range of 0.45 to 0.90. Specific discharge capacities between 200 and 1100 mAh/g under 1MPa were observed in carbon-based cathodes. Nickel-based cathodes showed increased specific discharge capacity of up to 1300 mAh/g, with no degradation of performance under pressure. The high correlation of specific discharge capacity and void fraction, in conjunction with previous work, strongly suggest that the performance of lithium-sulfur cathodes is highly dependent on properties that influence ionic mass transport in the cathode.
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Lubarska-Radziejewska, Iwona Agata. "Investigation of micro-structure of sulphur cathode in lithium-sulphur batteries." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609447.

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Zhao, Teng. "Development of new cathodic interlayers with nano-architectures for lithium-sulfur batteries." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/275684.

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Issues with the dissolution and diffusion of polysulfides in liquid organic electrolytes hinder the advance of lithium–sulfur (Li-S) batteries for next generation energy storage. To trap and re-utilize the polysulfides, brush-like, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires based interlayers were prepared ex-situ using a wet chemistry method and were coupled with a sulfur/multi-walled carbon nanotube (S/MWCNT) composite cathode. The cell with this configuration showed a good cycle life at a high current rate ascribed to (a) a strong interaction between the polysulfides and ZnO nanowires grown on conductive substrates; (b) fast electron transfer and (c) an optimized ion diffusion path from a well-organized nanoarchitecture. A praline-like flexible interlayer consisting of titanium oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles and carbon (C) nanofiber was further prepared in-situ using an electrospinning method, which allows the chemical adsorption of polysulfides throughout a robust conductive film. A significant enhancement in cycle stability and rate capability was achieved by incorporating this interlayer with a composite cathode of S/MWCNT. These results herald a new approach to building functional interlayers by integrating metal oxides with conductive frameworks. The derivatives of the TiO2/C interlayer was synthesized by changing the precursor concentration and carbonization temperature. Finally, a dual-interlayer was fabricated by simply coating titanium nitride (TiN) nanoparticles onto an electro-spun carbon nanofiber mat, which was then sandwiched with a sulfur/assembled Ketjen Black (KB) composite cathode with an ultra-high sulfur loading. The conductive polar TiN nanoparticles not only have a strong chemical affinity to polysulfides through a specific sulfur-nitrogen bond but also improve the reaction kinetics of the cell by catalyzing the conversion of the long-chain polysulfides to lithium sulfide. Besides, carbon nanofiber mat ensures mechanical robustness to TiN layer and acts as a physical barrier to block polysulfides diffusion. The incorporation of dual interlayers with sulfur cathodes offers a commercially feasible approach to improving the performance of Li-S batteries.
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Hao, Yong. "Sulfur Based Electrode Materials For Secondary Batteries." FIU Digital Commons, 2016. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2582.

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Developing next generation secondary batteries has attracted much attention in recent years due to the increasing demand of high energy and high power density energy storage for portable electronics, electric vehicles and renewable sources of energy. This dissertation investigates sulfur based advanced electrode materials in Lithium/Sodium batteries. The electrochemical performances of the electrode materials have been enhanced due to their unique nano structures as well as the formation of novel composites. First, a nitrogen-doped graphene nanosheets/sulfur (NGNSs/S) composite was synthesized via a facile chemical reaction deposition. In this composite, NGNSs were employed as a conductive host to entrap S/polysulfides in the cathode part. The NGNSs/S composite delivered an initial discharge capacity of 856.7 mAh g-1 and a reversible capacity of 319.3 mAh g-1 at 0.1C with good recoverable rate capability. Second, NGNS/S nanocomposites, synthesized using chemical reaction-deposition method and low temperature heat treatment, were further studied as active cathode materials for room temperature Na-S batteries. Both high loading composite with 86% gamma-S8 and low loading composite with 25% gamma-S8 have been electrochemically evaluated and compared with both NGNS and S control electrodes. It was found that low loading NGNS/S composite exhibited better electrochemical performance with specific capacity of 110 and 48 mAh g-1 at 0.1C at the 1st and 300th cycle, respectively. The Coulombic efficiency of 100% was obtained at the 300th cycle. Third, high purity rock-salt (RS), zinc-blende (ZB) and wurtzite (WZ) MnS nanocrystals with different morphologies were successfully synthesized via a facile solvothermal method. RS-, ZB- and WZ-MnS electrodes showed the capacities of 232.5 mAh g-1, 287.9 mAh g-1 and 79.8 mAh g-1 at the 600th cycle, respectively. ZB-MnS displayed the best performance in terms of specific capacity and cyclability. Interestingly, MnS electrodes exhibited an unusual phenomenon of capacity increase upon cycling which was ascribed to the decreased cell resistance and enhanced interfacial charge storage. In summary, this dissertation provides investigation of sulfur based electrode materials with sulfur/N-doped graphene composites and MnS nanocrystals. Their electrochemical performances have been evaluated and discussed. The understanding of their reaction mechanisms and electrochemical enhancement could make progress on development of secondary batteries.
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Books on the topic "Sulfur cathodes"

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Next-Generation Batteries with Sulfur Cathodes. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2019.

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Next-Generation Batteries with Sulfur Cathodes. Elsevier, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/c2018-0-00155-3.

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Siczek, Krzysztof Jan. Next-Generation Batteries with Sulfur Cathodes. Elsevier Science & Technology, 2019.

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Book chapters on the topic "Sulfur cathodes"

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Althues, Holger, Susanne Dörfler, Sören Thieme, Patrick Strubel, and Stefan Kaskel. "Sulfur Cathodes." In Lithium-Sulfur Batteries, 33–69. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119297895.ch2.

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Fang, Ruopian, Ke Chen, Zhenhua Sun, Da-Wei Wang, and Feng Li. "Sulfur–Carbon Composite Cathodes." In Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry, 19–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90899-7_2.

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Ye, Hualin, Yanguang Li, and Jun Lu. "Li2S Cathodes in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries." In Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry, 83–109. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90899-7_3.

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Wang, Zhenhua. "Cathode Materials for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries." In Advanced Electrochemical Materials in Energy Conversion and Storage, 129–44. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003133971-5.

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Wang, Yizhou, Dong Zhou, and Guoxiu Wang. "Sulfur-Containing Polymer Cathode Materials for Li–S Batteries." In Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry, 295–330. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90899-7_8.

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Zhou, Guangmin. "Flexible Nanostructured Sulfur–Carbon Nanotube Cathode with High-Rate Performance for Li–S Batteries." In Springer Theses, 39–55. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3406-0_3.

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Siczek, Krzysztof Jan. "Sulfur Pouch Cells." In Next-Generation Batteries with Sulfur Cathodes, 141–50. Elsevier, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-816392-4.00010-4.

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Siczek, Krzysztof Jan. "Introduction to Lithium-Sulfur Batteries." In Next-Generation Batteries with Sulfur Cathodes, 5–13. Elsevier, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-816392-4.00002-5.

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Siczek, Krzysztof Jan. "Recycling of Batteries With Sulfur Cathodes." In Next-Generation Batteries with Sulfur Cathodes, 231–35. Elsevier, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-816392-4.00018-9.

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Sivakumar, M., R. Subadevi, and K. Krishnaveni. "Nanocomposite-based sulfur cathodes for rechargeable lithium-sulfur batteries." In Nanobatteries and Nanogenerators, 321–42. Elsevier, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-821548-7.00012-9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Sulfur cathodes"

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Dive, Aniruddha, Ramiro Gonzalez, and Soumik Banerjee. "Graphene/Sulfur and Graphene Oxide/Sulfur Composite Cathodes for High Performance Li-S Batteries: A Molecular Dynamics Study." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-67590.

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Lithium – sulfur (Li-S) battery, with theoretical capacity (∼1675 mAh/g) and energy density comparable to that of gasoline, is a promising technology meeting the demands of next-generation electric vehicles. However, the Li-S battery hasn’t been able to reach the theoretically predicted capacity due to several limitations, which include low electrical conductivity of pure sulfur cathode and loss of active material due to dissolution of intermediate polysulfides from the cathode during repetitive charge – discharge cycling referred commonly as “polysulfide shuttle”. Graphene/Graphene oxide (GO) are being explored as cathodes/cathode supports for Li-S batteries to alleviate these problems. We have employed molecular dynamics simulations to calculate the density distributions of polysulfides (S82−) in dimethoxy ethane (DME) – 2, 4 – dioxalane (DOL) electrolyte (1:1 v/v) in the vicinity of different graphene and GO structures, in order to study the impact of hydroxyl functional groups in GO on anchoring polysulfides. Density distribution of polysulfides provides valuable insight on the role of functional groups in successful anchoring of polysulfides onto the GO cathode supports structures.
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Pint, Cary L. "Capillary Force Guided Nanomanufacturing of Composite Materials for Advanced Battery Applications." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-71738.

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This paper introduces the use of capillary thermodynamics as a powerful nanomanufacturing tool, and its specific application to infiltrate sulfur into 3-D nanostructured electrodes for advanced lithium-sulfur and/or sodium-sulfur battery development. The capillary effect specifically targets nucleation from the equilibrium vapor pressure of bulk sulfur (gas phase) onto nanoscale surfaces (liquid phase). This leads to condensates that nucleate and grow uniformly over the surface leading to self-limited and conformal composite materials moderated by the chemical potential driving force between the nanoscale nuclei and the bulk sulfur. Our studies show highly consistent and repeatable sulfur loading exceeding 80 wt.% sulfur, fast kinetics that can lead to full infiltration in ∼ 10 minutes, and synergy with pre-formed carbon materials including carbon nanotube arrays, carbon nanotube foams and sponges, and microporous carbons with pore sizes ∼ 0.5 nm. This overcomes challenges of scaling to high areal capacity in lithium-sulfur and sodium-sulfur batteries, and our results emphasize the highest reported areal capacities for solid-processed cathodes to date (> 19 mAh/cm2). This paves the route to batteries with energy density > 500 Wh/kg with reliable manufacturing processes that simultaneously sustain low cost and high throughput.
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Li, Yanpeng, Ziyun Miao, Xiangpeng Xiao, Zhen Li, Zhijun Yan, and Qizhen Sun. "Implantable optical fiber sensor for monitoring the stress evolution in lithium-sulfur battery." In CLEO: Applications and Technology. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_at.2022.atu5m.4.

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We report the implantable optical fiber sensor for monitoring the cathode stress evolution in the lithium-sulfur battery. The operando decoding of the chemo-mechanics events of Li-sulfur battery is successfully realized.
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M, Manoj, and Sankaran Jayalekshmi. "Activated carbon-sulfur composite with PEDOT:PSS-CNT interlayer as cathode material for lithium-sulfur batteries." In Low-Dimensional Materials and Devices 2018, edited by Nobuhiko P. Kobayashi, A. Alec Talin, Albert V. Davydov, and M. Saif Islam. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2322084.

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Zamani, Somayeh, Caspar Yi, Xiaosi Gao, and Yong Lak Joo. "Synergistic Effect of High Sulfur Loading Layered Cathode, Ceramic Separator and Gel Electrolyte." In Virtual AIChE Annual Meeting 2020. US DOE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1874098.

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Kruger, Helge, Heather Cavers, Ole Gronenberg, Ulrich Schurmann, Yogendra K. Mishra, Jannick Jacobsen, Jurgen Carstensen, et al. "Double Hierarchical 3D Carbon Nanotube Network with Tailored Structure as a Lithium Sulfur Cathode." In 2021 IEEE 11th International Conference Nanomaterials: Applications & Properties (NAP). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nap51885.2021.9568505.

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Novikova, Svetlana, Daria Voropaeva, Sergey Li, and Andrey Yaroslavtsev. "S/C Composites with Different Carbon Matrices as Cathode Materials for Metal–Sulfur Batteries." In ECP 2022. Basel Switzerland: MDPI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecp2022-12629.

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Gao, Xiaosi, Yiqi Shao, Changyang Zheng, Jin Suntivich, and Yong Lak Joo. "The Role of Metal Oxides in Li-S Batteries: A High-Areal-Capacity Sulfur Composite Cathode Investigation." In Virtual ECS (Electrochemical Society Meeting) 2021. US DOE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1874099.

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Allan, M. L., C. C. Berndt, J. A. Brogan, and D. Otterson. "Thermal Sprayed Polymer Coatings for Corrosion Protection in a Biochemical Treatment Process." In ITSC 1998, edited by Christian Coddet. ASM International, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc1998p0013.

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Abstract Thermal sprayed ethylene methacrylic acid (EMAA) and ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) coatings were evaluated for corrosion protection in a biochemical process to treat geothermal residues. Coupon, Atlas cell, peel strength and cathodic disbondment tests were performed in aggressive environments including geothermal sludge, hypersaline brine and sulfur oxidizing bacteria (Thiobacillus jerrooxidans) to determine coating suitability for protecting storage tanks and reaction vessels. It was found that the polymers were resistant to chemical attack and biodegradation at the test temperature of 55°C. The EMAA coatings protected 3l6L stainless steel from corrosion in coupon tests. However, corrosion of mild steel substrates coated with EMAA and ETFE occurred in Atlas cell tests that simulated a lined reactor operating environment and this resulted in decreased adhesive strength. Peel tests revealed that failure mode was dependent on exposure conditions. Cathodic disbondment tests in brine at room temperature indicated that EMAA coatings are resistant to disbondment at applied potentials of -780 to -1070 mV SCE for the test conditions and duration.
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Sprague, Isaac B., Prashanta Dutta, and Su Ha. "Characterization of a Microfluidic Based Direct-Methanol Fuel Cell." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-67439.

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The performance of a membraneless laminar flow micro fuel cell was evaluated under different operating conditions. The fuel cell was microfabricated in poly-dimethyl-siloxane using standard soft-lithography techniques. It used methanol solution as the fuel for the anode side, and oxygen saturated sulfuric acid for the cathode. The parameters studied were the methanol concentration and the concentration of sulfuric acid in the anode stream. The performance was characterized by V-I plots, stability of open circuit potential, and anode polarization curves. Our results show that the power output of the device decreases with increase in the methanol concentration. It is shown that these trends are caused by the cell’s internal resistance to proton transport. The addition of sulfuric acid to the fuel significantly decreases this resistance. The device open circuit potential was not stable over extended operation, and could drop by more than 150 mV in 72 hours.
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Reports on the topic "Sulfur cathodes"

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Jen, Alex, and Jihui Yang. Multifunctional, Self-Healing Polyelectrolyte Gels for Long-Cycle-Life, High-Capacity Sulfur Cathodes in Li-S Batteries. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1725759.

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Joo, Yong Lak, Jin Suntivich, and Trung Nguyen. Highly Loaded Sulfur Cathode, Coated Separator and Gel Electrolyte for High Rate Li-Sulfur Batteries. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1874053.

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