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Academic literature on the topic 'Sulfur cathode'

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Published: 14 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Sulfur cathode"

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Chung, Sheng-Heng, and Cun-Sheng Cheng. "(Digital Presentation) A Design of Nickel/Sulfur Energy-Storage Materials for Electrochemical Lithium-Sulfur Cells." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 4 (October 9, 2022): 542. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-024542mtgabs.

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Introduction As one of the next-generation rechargeable battery technologies beyond the lithium-ion chemistry, the lithium-sulfur chemistry enables the low-cost sulfur cathode to generate a high theoretical capacity of 1,675 mAh g-1 (10 times higher capacity than those of lithium-ion battery cathode). It further exhibits a high theoretical energy density of 2,600 Wh kg-1 in lithium-sulfur batteries (2–3 times higher energy density than lithium-ion batteries). However, as reported in recent publications, the development is far from adequate with respect to the high-loading sulfur cathode with high active-material content in building advanced lithium-sulfur batteries with a high energy density. The material challenges result from the use of an insulating sulfur as the active material, which would generate lithium polysulfides that can easily diffuse out from the cathode. The high cathode resistance and fast loss of the active material lead to the poor electrochemical utilization and efficiency of lithium-sulfur battery cathodes. These negative impacts subsequent derive the additional electrochemical challenges. A high amount of conductive and porous substrates is added in the cathode to replace the active material, which results in the limited amount of sulfur in the cathode and further blocks the improvement of designing high-energy-density sulfur cathodes. To address the above-mentioned issues, the research progresses of high-performance sulfur cathodes aim to design functional host for sulfur cathodes with the use of carbon for high conductivity, polymers for high ionic transfer, porous materials for physical polysulfide retention, polar materials for chemical polysulfide adsorption, catalysts for high reaction kinetics, etc. However, metallic materials that naturally have high conductivity, strong polysulfide adsorption capability, and catalytic conversion ability, are rarely reported. This is because metals have the highest density as compared to the aforementioned host materials, which commonly causes an insufficient amount of active material in the cathode and therefore inhibits the design of metal-sulfur nanocomposite in sulfur cathodes. To explore the metal/sulfur nanocomposite as a new research trend in sulfur cathodes, we propose a design for a nickel/sulfur nanocomposite as a novel energy-storage material by the electroless nickel plating method, and discuss its applications in lithium–sulfur battery cathodes. The nickel/sulfur energy-storage material possesses metallic nickel on the surface of the insulating sulfur particles as a result of the reduction of nickel ions during autocatalytic plating. By controlling the synthesis and fabrications conditions, the nickel/sulfur energy-storage material attains adjustable high sulfur contents of 60–95 wt% and adjustable high sulfur loadings of 2–10 mg cm−2 in the resulting cathode. The high-loading cathode with the nickel/sulfur energy-storage material demonstrates high electrochemical utilization and stability, which attains a high areal capacity of 8.2 mA∙h cm−2, an energy density of 17.3 mW∙h cm−2, and a stable cyclability for 100 cycles. Results and Discussion Here, in our presentation, we discuss our novel method for the fabrication of nickel/sulfur energy-storage material as an advanced composite cathode material for exploring battery electrochemistry and battery engineering. We adopt a modified electroless-plating method to synthesize nickel/sulfur energy-storage materials characterized by adjustable high sulfur contents and promising cathode performance. The plated nickel coating provides the nickel/sulfur energy-storage materials with metallic conductivity and polysulfide adsorption ability, which addresses the two major issues of sulfur cathodes.[1,2] Therefore, the nickel/sulfur energy-storage material attains high sulfur contents in the cathode and exhibits a high charge-storage capacity of 1,362 mA∙h g−1 and an excellent cyclability for 100 cycles. Moreover, the nickel/sulfur energy-storage material enables high-loading sulfur cathodes with a sulfur loading of 10 mg cm−2, a high areal capacity of 8.2 mA∙h cm−2, and an energy density of 17.3 mW∙h cm−2. Conclusion In summary, the summary of our nickel/sulfur energy-storage materials presented in this presentation would demonstrate a light-weight metallic nickel coating technique for fast charge transfer and strong polysulfide retention in the sulfur nanocomposites composite sulfur cathode. Moreover, our systematic analysis of the nickel/sulfur energy-storage materials exhibits their achievements in attaining both high electrochemical designs of high sulfur content and loading as well as possessing high energy density and electrochemical stability. References C.-S. Cheng, S.-H. Chung, Chem. Eng. J. 2022, 429, 132257. C.-S. Cheng, S.-H. Chung, Batter. Supercaps 2022, 5, e202100323.
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Yu, Chien-Hsun, Yin-Ju Yen, and Sheng-Heng Chung. "Nanoporosity of Carbon–Sulfur Nanocomposites toward the Lithium–Sulfur Battery Electrochemistry." Nanomaterials 11, no. 6 (June 8, 2021): 1518. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11061518.

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An ideal high-loading carbon–sulfur nanocomposite would enable high-energy-density lithium–sulfur batteries to show high electrochemical utilization, stability, and rate capability. Therefore, in this paper, we investigate the effects of the nanoporosity of various porous conductive carbon substrates (e.g., nonporous, microporous, micro/mesoporous, and macroporous carbons) on the electrochemical characteristics and cell performances of the resulting high-loading carbon–sulfur composite cathodes. The comparison analysis of this work demonstrates the importance of having high microporosity in the sulfur cathode substrate. The high-loading microporous carbon–sulfur cathode attains a high sulfur loading of 4 mg cm−2 and sulfur content of 80 wt% at a low electrolyte-to-sulfur ratio of 10 µL mg−1. The lithium–sulfur cell with the microporous carbon–sulfur cathode demonstrates excellent electrochemical performances, attaining a high discharge capacity approaching 1100 mA∙h g−1, a high-capacity retention of 75% after 100 cycles, and superior high-rate capability of C/20–C/3 with excellent reversibility.
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Weret, Misganaw Adigo, Wei-Nien Su, and Bing-Joe Hwang. "Organosulfur Cathodes with High Compatibility in Carbonate Ester Electrolytes for Long Cycle Lithium–Sulfur Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 4 (October 9, 2022): 536. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-024536mtgabs.

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Lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) are potential candidates for high energy storage technologies due to their theoretical gravimetric energy density of ∼2600 Wh kg-1 and lightweight electrodes. In LSBs, ether electrolytes are frequently utilized because sulfur cathodes and the polysulfide redox intermediate species are chemically stable. However, LSBs in ether electrolytes suffer from the dissolution of higher-order polysulfides, and migration of the soluble polysulfides into electrolytes causes the polysulfide shuttle effect. The shuttle polysulfides react with the lithium anode and give rise to the irreversible deposition of lithium sulfides, deteriorate the morphology of the anode, and cause rapid capacity fading. Moreover, ether electrolytes are highly flammable and trigger safety issues. As an alternative, carbonate ester electrolytes are promising choices to substitute ether electrolytes in LSBs. Organic carbonate electrolytes used in LSBs result in irreversible reactions with long-chain polysulfide anions that cause the cell to shut down. Therefore, carbonate ester electrolytes compatible sulfur cathodes design needs special attention. Sulfurized polyacrylonitrile (SPAN) and short-chain sulfur cathodes are compatible with organic carbonate electrolytes. However, the sulfur contents in these cathodes are mostly below 50 wt% which hamper the practical application of the LSBs. Here, we designed an organosulfur cathode with a high chemical bonded sulfur content of ~58 wt% in the cathode composite. The prepared organosulfur cathode showed excellent compatibility with carbonate ester electrolytes. The organosulfur cathode exhibits a high initial discharge capacity of 1301 mAh g-1 and long cycle stability for 400 cycles with nearly 99.99% coulombic efficiency.
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Kang, Jukyoung, Jong Won Park, Seok Kim, and Yongju Jung. "Three-Layer Sulfur Cathode with a Conductive Material-Free Middle Layer." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 20, no. 8 (August 1, 2020): 4943–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2020.17846.

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An ingenious design for a three-layer sulfur cathode is demonstrated, in which the pure sulfur layer is sandwiched between carbon nanotube (CNT) films. The unique feature of this particular model is that the sulfur layer does not contain any conductive materials, and therefore, the top CNT film of the prepared three-layer CNT/S/CNT electrode is electrically isolated from the bottom CNT film. Scanning electron microscopy studies revealed that the three-layer cathode was transformed into a single CNT cathode, with proximate contact between the two CNT films in the upper plateau of the first discharge. The lithium–sulfur cells employing a CNT/S/CNT cathode exhibited remarkably enhanced performance in terms of the specific capacity, rate property, and cycling stability compared to the cells with a sulfur-coated CNT cathode. This can mainly be attributed to the top CNT film, which serves not only as an interlayer to trap the migrating polysulfides, but also as an electrode to facilitate the redox reaction of active materials. Such an innovative approach is promising as it may promote the rational design of high-performance sulfur cathodes.
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Song, Jiangxuan, Zhaoxin Yu, Terrence Xu, Shuru Chen, Hiesang Sohn, Michael Regula, and Donghai Wang. "Flexible freestanding sandwich-structured sulfur cathode with superior performance for lithium–sulfur batteries." J. Mater. Chem. A 2, no. 23 (2014): 8623–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ta00742e.

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Flexible freestanding sandwich-structured sulfur cathodes are developed for lithium–sulfur batteries, which exhibit excellent cycling stability and rate capability. A high areal capacity of ∼4 mA h cm−2 is also demonstrated based on this new cathode configuration.
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Li, Zhengzheng. "MnO 2 –graphene nanosheets wrapped mesoporous carbon/sulfur composite for lithium–sulfur batteries." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 2 (February 2018): 171824. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.171824.

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MnO 2 –graphene nanosheets wrapped mesoporous carbon/sulfur (MGN@MC/S) composite is successfully synthesized derived from metal–organic frameworks and investigated as cathode for lithium-ion batteries. Used as cathode, MGN@MC/S composite possesses electronic conductivity network for redox electron transfer and strong chemical bonding to lithium polysulfides, which enables low capacity loss to be achieved. MGN@MC/S cathodes exhibit high reversible capacity of 1475 mA h g −1 at 0.1 C and an ultra-low capacity fading of 0.042% per cycle at 1 C over 450 cycles.
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Shi, Zeyuan, Bo Gao, Rui Cai, Lei Wang, Wentao Liu, and Zhuo Chen. "Double Heteroatom Reconfigured Polar Catalytic Surface Powers High-Performance Lithium–Sulfur Batteries." Materials 15, no. 16 (August 18, 2022): 5674. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15165674.

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The modification of apolar carbon materials by heteroatom doping is an effective method that can effectively improve the surface polarity of carbon materials. In the main body of the lithium–sulfur battery cathode, the structural properties of the carbon material itself with porous structure and large specific surface area provide sufficient space for sulfur accommodation and mitigate the bulk effect of the sulfur cathode (79%). The polarized surface of the reconstructed carbon material possesses strong adsorption effect on LiPs, which mitigates the notorious “shuttle effect.” In this paper, the surface structure of the Ketjen black cathode body was reconstructed by B and N double heteroatoms to polarize it. The modified polarized Ketjen black improves the adsorption and anchoring ability of LiPs during the reaction and accelerates their kinetic conversion, while its own uniformly distributed small mesopores and oversized BET structural properties are beneficial to mitigate the bulk effect of sulfur cathodes. Lithium–sulfur batteries using B and N modified cathodes have an initial discharge capacity of 1344.49 mAh/g at 0.1 C and excellent cycling stability at 0.5 C (381.4 mAh/g after 100 cycles).
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El Mofid, Wassima, and Timo Soergel. "(Digital Presentation) Impact of the Sulfur Loading Method on the Morphological and Electrochemical Properties of Additive-Free Cathodes for Li-S Batteries Prepared By Composite Electroforming." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 1 (October 9, 2022): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02186mtgabs.

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In order to produce conductive agent and binder free electrodes for batteries with a synergistic optimization of the mechanical and electrical bonding of the active material, „composite electroforming“ synthesis method has been developed in Aalen University as a novel approach for additives-free battery electrodes production [1-6]. The aim throughout this method is to achieve high-performance accumulators with a focus on a high gravimetric and volumetric power and energy density. The aspects of energy efficiency, cycleability and safety are also considered, especially that the composite electroforming process allows environmentally friendly and resource-saving production of electrodes. The novel electrodes for Li-S batteries proposed in the present work are composed of Ni matrix which also acts as current collector, and sulfur loaded on etched Al alloy carrier particles AlSi10Mg. The sulfur loading which is a key step of our cathodes manufacturing was conducted using two different ways; by spin coating in melted sulfur at 160°C or by electrochemical loading using potasium sulfide based aqueous electrolyte (K2S)aq and applying a current density of 0,5 A/dm² at room temperature. SEM and elemental mapping measurements of the sulfur spin coated cathode and that with electrochemically loaded sulfur showed a big difference in terms of the sulfur distribution and the surface morphology between the two cathodes. Electrochemical characterization of the sulfur cathodes was then conducted, mainly galvanostatic cycling (GC), by imposing a fixed current to the cell between the two potential limits 1.7 and 2.8 V vs. Li+/Li. The rate, namely the current density applied to the electrode during cycling, was calculated based on the loaded sulfur mass in the tested electrode and the theoretical capacity of sulfur (1673 mAh g-1). By calculating the ratio of the active to the total loaded sulfur, the sulfur accessibilty for the electrochemically loaded cathode was five times higher than the spin coated cathode regardless of holding almost the same sulfur loading (3.9 mg/cm² and 3.96 mg/cm² respectivelly). GC at C/10 rate proved that the two cathodes delivered different values of specific capacity, capacity retention with cycling and coulombic efficiency that are significantly improved for the electrochemically loaded cathode than the spin coated one. Finally, In order to characterize the response of the sulfur electrochemically loaded cathode to different C rates, rate capability test was carried out and illustrated that the tested cathode was able to regain almost its entire initial capacity when back to the initial C rate after applying high C rates. [1]. C. Erhardt, Ş. Sörgel, S. Meinhard, T. Sörgel, J. Power Sources, 296 (2015) 70–77; [2]. T. Sörgel, S. Meinhard, Ş. Sörgel, Film Composite Material, EP 3114721, 2019; [3]. C. Erhardt, S. Meinhard, Ş. Sörgel, T. Sörgel, Galvanotechnik (2015) 7; [4]. V.C. Erhardt, S. Sörgel, S. Meinhard, T. Sörgel, H. Aalen, Jahrb. Oberflächentechnik, 71 (2015) 12; [5]. Ş. Sörgel, O. Kesten, A. Wengel, T. Sörgel, Energy Storage Mater., 10 (2018) 223–232; [6]. T. Sörgel, J. Meyer, WOMag, 9 (2013) 24–33.
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Ramezanitaghartapeh, Mohammad, Mustafa Musameh, Anthony F. Hollenkamp, and Peter J. Mahon. "Conjugated Microporous Polycarbazole-Sulfur Cathode Used in a Lithium-Sulfur Battery." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 168, no. 11 (November 1, 2021): 110542. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac384f.

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The electropolymerization of Conjugated Microporous Poly-1,3,5-tris (N-carbazolyl) benzene (CMPTCBz) was investigated using a range of techniques. After the potential window was optimized for the electropolymerization process, a fixed potential was found to generate a CMPTCBz with minimal overoxidation and a high BET surface area. The CMPTCBz was mixed with sulfur and used in the optimized preparation of CMPTCBz-S cathodes. Coin cells were assembled with lithium metal used as the anode and electrochemically evaluated. Results showed that the CMPTCBz-S cathodes with different sulfur loadings have excellent charge/discharge cycling performance with initial discharge capacities ranging from 800 to 1400 mAh·g−1S and a capacity retention greater than 80% after 100 cycles. This is due to both the enhanced electrical conductivity of the cathode and physical confinement of the generated lithium-polysulfides inside the pores of the CMPTCBz. In a further experiment, a high sulfur loaded CMPTCBz-S cathode produced an initial discharge capacity of 548 mAh·g−1S and a capacity retention of 95% after 100 cycles using an organic electrolyte. Analysis using XPS showed that the sulfur to polysulfide conversion coupled with the dual functionality of the CMPTCBz in retaining the generated polysulfide are the key parameters for this superior performance.
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Suzanowicz, Artur M., Youngjin Lee, Hao Lin, Otavio J. J. Marques, Carlo U. Segre, and Braja K. Mandal. "A New Graphitic Nitride and Reduced Graphene Oxide-Based Sulfur Cathode for High-Capacity Lithium-Sulfur Cells." Energies 15, no. 3 (January 19, 2022): 702. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15030702.

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Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries can provide at least three times higher energy density than lithium-ion (Li-Ion) batteries. However, Li-S batteries suffer from a phenomenon called the polysulfide shuttle (PSS) that prevents the commercialization of these batteries. The PSS has several undesirable effects, such as depletion of active materials from the cathode, deleterious reactions between the lithium anode and electrolyte soluble lithium polysulfides, resulting in unfavorable coulombic efficiency, and poor cycle life of the battery. In this study, a new sulfur cathode composed of graphitic nitride as the polysulfide absorbing material and reduced graphene oxide as the conductive carbon host has been synthesized to rectify the problems associated with the PSS effect. This composite cathode design effectively retains lithium polysulfide intermediates within the cathode structure. The S@RGO/GN cathode displayed excellent capacity retention compared to similar RGO-based sulfur cathodes published by other groups by delivering an initial specific capacity of 1415 mA h g−1 at 0.2 C. In addition, the long-term cycling stability was outstanding (capacity decay at the rate of only 0.2% per cycle after 150 cycles).
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sulfur cathode"

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Xiao, Yao. "Analysis for reaction mechanism of cathode materials for lithium-sulfur batteries." Doctoral thesis, Kyoto University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/263747.

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京都大学
新制・課程博士
博士(人間・環境学)
甲第23286号
人博第1001号
京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科相関環境学専攻
(主査)教授 内本 喜晴, 教授 田部 勢津久, 教授 高木 紀明
学位規則第4条第1項該当
Doctor of Human and Environmental Studies
Kyoto University
DFAM
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Campbell, Christopher. "The Effect of Pressure on Cathode Performance in the Lithium Sulfur Battery." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/312669.

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This study was undertaken to understand the effect of applied pressure on the performance of the lithium sulfur cathode. Compressible carbon based cathodes and novel nickel based cathodes were fabricated. For each cathode, pore volume and void volume were quantified and void fraction was calculated, compression under 0 to 2MPa was measured, and lithium-sulfur cells were assembled and cycled at pressures between 0 and 1MPa. The cathodes studied had void fractions in the range of 0.45 to 0.90. Specific discharge capacities between 200 and 1100 mAh/g under 1MPa were observed in carbon-based cathodes. Nickel-based cathodes showed increased specific discharge capacity of up to 1300 mAh/g, with no degradation of performance under pressure. The high correlation of specific discharge capacity and void fraction, in conjunction with previous work, strongly suggest that the performance of lithium-sulfur cathodes is highly dependent on properties that influence ionic mass transport in the cathode.
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Thieme, Sören, Jan Brückner, Andreas Meier, Ingolf Bauer, Katharina Gruber, Jörg Kaspar, Alexandra Helmer, Holger Althues, Martin Schmuck, and Stefan Kaskel. "A lithium–sulfur full cell with ultralong cycle life: influence of cathode structure and polysulfide additive." Royal Society of Chemistry, 2015. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A36251.

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Lithium–sulfur batteries are highly attractive energy storage systems, but suffer from structural anode and cathode degradation, capacity fade and fast cell failure (dry out). To address these issues, a carbide-derived carbon (DUT-107) featuring a high surface area (2088 m² g⁻¹), high total pore volume (3.17 cm³ g⁻¹) and hierarchical micro-, meso- and macropore structure is applied as a rigid scaffold for sulfur infiltration. The DUT-107/S cathodes combine excellent mechanical stability and high initial capacities (1098–1208 mA h gs ⁻¹) with high sulfur content (69.7 wt% per total electrode) and loading (2.3–2.9 mgs cm⁻²). Derived from the effect of the electrolyte-to-sulfur ratio on capacity retention and cyclability, conducting salt is substituted by polysulfide additive for reduced polysulfide leakage and capacity stabilization. Moreover, in a full cell model system using a prelithiated hard carbon anode, the performance of DUT-107/S cathodes is demonstrated over 4100 cycles (final capacity of 422 mA h gs ⁻¹), with a very low capacity decay of 0.0118% per cycle. Application of PS additive further boosts the performance (final capacity of 554 mA h gs ⁻¹), although a slightly higher decay of 0.0125% per cycle is observed.
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Hao, Yong. "Sulfur Based Electrode Materials For Secondary Batteries." FIU Digital Commons, 2016. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2582.

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Developing next generation secondary batteries has attracted much attention in recent years due to the increasing demand of high energy and high power density energy storage for portable electronics, electric vehicles and renewable sources of energy. This dissertation investigates sulfur based advanced electrode materials in Lithium/Sodium batteries. The electrochemical performances of the electrode materials have been enhanced due to their unique nano structures as well as the formation of novel composites. First, a nitrogen-doped graphene nanosheets/sulfur (NGNSs/S) composite was synthesized via a facile chemical reaction deposition. In this composite, NGNSs were employed as a conductive host to entrap S/polysulfides in the cathode part. The NGNSs/S composite delivered an initial discharge capacity of 856.7 mAh g-1 and a reversible capacity of 319.3 mAh g-1 at 0.1C with good recoverable rate capability. Second, NGNS/S nanocomposites, synthesized using chemical reaction-deposition method and low temperature heat treatment, were further studied as active cathode materials for room temperature Na-S batteries. Both high loading composite with 86% gamma-S8 and low loading composite with 25% gamma-S8 have been electrochemically evaluated and compared with both NGNS and S control electrodes. It was found that low loading NGNS/S composite exhibited better electrochemical performance with specific capacity of 110 and 48 mAh g-1 at 0.1C at the 1st and 300th cycle, respectively. The Coulombic efficiency of 100% was obtained at the 300th cycle. Third, high purity rock-salt (RS), zinc-blende (ZB) and wurtzite (WZ) MnS nanocrystals with different morphologies were successfully synthesized via a facile solvothermal method. RS-, ZB- and WZ-MnS electrodes showed the capacities of 232.5 mAh g-1, 287.9 mAh g-1 and 79.8 mAh g-1 at the 600th cycle, respectively. ZB-MnS displayed the best performance in terms of specific capacity and cyclability. Interestingly, MnS electrodes exhibited an unusual phenomenon of capacity increase upon cycling which was ascribed to the decreased cell resistance and enhanced interfacial charge storage. In summary, this dissertation provides investigation of sulfur based electrode materials with sulfur/N-doped graphene composites and MnS nanocrystals. Their electrochemical performances have been evaluated and discussed. The understanding of their reaction mechanisms and electrochemical enhancement could make progress on development of secondary batteries.
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Ogihara, Hideki [Verfasser], and M. J. [Akademischer Betreuer] Hoffmann. "Lithium Titanate Ceramic System as Electronic and Li-ion Mixed Conductors for Cathode Matrix in Lithium-Sulfur Battery / Hideki Ogihara. Betreuer: M. J. Hoffmann." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1025887476/34.

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Palanisamy, Asha. "High Energy Density Battery for Wearable Electronics and Sensors." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1480511507315736.

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Wang, Xiaoxiang. "Structural and defects engineering of electrode materials for enhanced supercapacitors performance." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/208154/2/Xiaoxiang_Wang_Thesis.pdf.

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This PhD project aims to address the low energy storage issues of electrode materials for supercapacitors through morphological and defect engineering. The key scientific contribution in this thesis includes: revealing the superior intrinsic electrochemical properties of NiCo-sulfide to hydroxide/oxides, demonstrating a facial defect engineering to enhance electrochemical properties of CoxNi1-xS2 by low temperature plasma, developing a new method for synthesis of high-performance carbon material derived by biomass.
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Benešová, Petra. "Stanovení nejvhodnějšího poměru katodových materiálů pro systém lithium-síra." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-442427.

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This master's thesis deals with a topic of determination of the most suitable ratio of cathode materials for the lithium-sulfur systems. The first two chapters provide a general introduction to the topic of electrochemical energy sources and present the commonly used primary and secondary battery systems with emphasis on their characteristics and applications. The core of the theoretical part is dedicated to lithium-ion and lithium-sulfur batteries, their working principles along with the benefits or drawbacks related to the particular systems, and widely used materials. The experimental part briefly comments on determining the suitable electrode paste preparation method, the subsequent main part is focused on evaluation of electrochemical performance of cells using different ratios of cathode materials. Five samples of cathode materials were prepared, where the sulfur ratio is in range from 64 to 88 wt. %. Finally, the comparison of all prepared ratios in terms of their electrochemical properties is provided.
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Baughman, Jessi Alan. "Solid-State NMR Characterization of Polymeric and Inorganic Materials." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1428198096.

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Dörfler, Susanne, Markus Hagen, Holger Althues, Jens Tübke, Stefan Kaskel, and Michael J. Hoffmann. "High capacity vertical aligned carbon nanotube/sulfur composite cathodes for lithium–sulfur batteries." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-138906.

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Binder free vertical aligned (VA) CNT/sulfur composite electrodes with high sulfur loadings up to 70 wt% were synthesized delivering discharge capacities higher than 800 mAh g−1 of the total composite electrode mass
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Books on the topic "Sulfur cathode"

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Next-Generation Batteries with Sulfur Cathodes. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2019.

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Next-Generation Batteries with Sulfur Cathodes. Elsevier, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/c2018-0-00155-3.

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Siczek, Krzysztof Jan. Next-Generation Batteries with Sulfur Cathodes. Elsevier Science & Technology, 2019.

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Book chapters on the topic "Sulfur cathode"

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Wang, Zhenhua. "Cathode Materials for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries." In Advanced Electrochemical Materials in Energy Conversion and Storage, 129–44. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003133971-5.

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Wang, Yizhou, Dong Zhou, and Guoxiu Wang. "Sulfur-Containing Polymer Cathode Materials for Li–S Batteries." In Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry, 295–330. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90899-7_8.

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Zhou, Guangmin. "Flexible Nanostructured Sulfur–Carbon Nanotube Cathode with High-Rate Performance for Li–S Batteries." In Springer Theses, 39–55. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3406-0_3.

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Althues, Holger, Susanne Dörfler, Sören Thieme, Patrick Strubel, and Stefan Kaskel. "Sulfur Cathodes." In Lithium-Sulfur Batteries, 33–69. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119297895.ch2.

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Fang, Ruopian, Ke Chen, Zhenhua Sun, Da-Wei Wang, and Feng Li. "Sulfur–Carbon Composite Cathodes." In Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry, 19–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90899-7_2.

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Ye, Hualin, Yanguang Li, and Jun Lu. "Li2S Cathodes in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries." In Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry, 83–109. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90899-7_3.

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Cairns, Elton J., and Yoon Hwa. "Sulfur Cathode." In Li-S Batteries, 31–103. WORLD SCIENTIFIC (EUROPE), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9781786342508_0002.

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Siczek, Krzysztof Jan. "Materials for Positive Electrode (Cathode)." In Next-Generation Batteries with Sulfur Cathodes, 29–71. Elsevier, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-816392-4.00005-0.

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Datta, Moni K., Ramalinga Kuruba, T. Prasada Rao, Oleg I. Velikokhatnyi, and Prashant N. Kumta. "New approaches to high-energy-density cathode and anode architectures for lithium-sulfur batteries." In Lithium-Sulfur Batteries, 353–439. Elsevier, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-819676-2.00014-1.

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Madhu Mohan, Varishetty, Madhavi Jonnalagadda, and VishnuBhotla Prasad. "Advanced Chalcogen Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries." In Chalcogenides – Preparation and Applications [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.103042.

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As on today the main power sources of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) research developments gradually approach their theoretical limits in terms of energy density. Therefore, an alternative next-generation of power sources is required with high-energy densities, low cost, and environmental safety. Alternatively, the chalcogen materials such as sulfur, selenium, and tellurium (SSTs) are used due to their excellent theoretical capacities, low cost, and no toxicity. However, there will be some challenges to overcome such as sluggish reaction of kinetics, inferior cycling stability, poor conductivity of S, and “shuttle effect” of lithium polysulfides in the Li-S batteries. Hence, several strategies have been discussed in this chapter. First, the Al-SSTs systems with more advanced techniques are systematically investigated. An advanced separators or electrolytes are prepared with the nano-metal sulfide materials to reduce the resistance in interfaces. Layered structured cathodes made with chalcogen ligand (sulfur), polysulfide species, selenium- and tellurium-substituted polysulfides, Se1-xSx uniformly dispersed in 3D porous carbon matrix were discussed. The construction of nanoreactors for high-energy density batteries are discussed. Finally, the detailed classification of flexible sulfur, selenium, and tellurium cathodes based on carbonaceous (e.g., carbon nanotubes, graphene, and carbonized polymers) and their composite (polymers and inorganics) materials are explained.
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Conference papers on the topic "Sulfur cathode"

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Dive, Aniruddha, Ramiro Gonzalez, and Soumik Banerjee. "Graphene/Sulfur and Graphene Oxide/Sulfur Composite Cathodes for High Performance Li-S Batteries: A Molecular Dynamics Study." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-67590.

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Lithium – sulfur (Li-S) battery, with theoretical capacity (∼1675 mAh/g) and energy density comparable to that of gasoline, is a promising technology meeting the demands of next-generation electric vehicles. However, the Li-S battery hasn’t been able to reach the theoretically predicted capacity due to several limitations, which include low electrical conductivity of pure sulfur cathode and loss of active material due to dissolution of intermediate polysulfides from the cathode during repetitive charge – discharge cycling referred commonly as “polysulfide shuttle”. Graphene/Graphene oxide (GO) are being explored as cathodes/cathode supports for Li-S batteries to alleviate these problems. We have employed molecular dynamics simulations to calculate the density distributions of polysulfides (S82−) in dimethoxy ethane (DME) – 2, 4 – dioxalane (DOL) electrolyte (1:1 v/v) in the vicinity of different graphene and GO structures, in order to study the impact of hydroxyl functional groups in GO on anchoring polysulfides. Density distribution of polysulfides provides valuable insight on the role of functional groups in successful anchoring of polysulfides onto the GO cathode supports structures.
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M, Manoj, and Sankaran Jayalekshmi. "Activated carbon-sulfur composite with PEDOT:PSS-CNT interlayer as cathode material for lithium-sulfur batteries." In Low-Dimensional Materials and Devices 2018, edited by Nobuhiko P. Kobayashi, A. Alec Talin, Albert V. Davydov, and M. Saif Islam. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2322084.

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Li, Yanpeng, Ziyun Miao, Xiangpeng Xiao, Zhen Li, Zhijun Yan, and Qizhen Sun. "Implantable optical fiber sensor for monitoring the stress evolution in lithium-sulfur battery." In CLEO: Applications and Technology. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_at.2022.atu5m.4.

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We report the implantable optical fiber sensor for monitoring the cathode stress evolution in the lithium-sulfur battery. The operando decoding of the chemo-mechanics events of Li-sulfur battery is successfully realized.
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Zamani, Somayeh, Caspar Yi, Xiaosi Gao, and Yong Lak Joo. "Synergistic Effect of High Sulfur Loading Layered Cathode, Ceramic Separator and Gel Electrolyte." In Virtual AIChE Annual Meeting 2020. US DOE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1874098.

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Kruger, Helge, Heather Cavers, Ole Gronenberg, Ulrich Schurmann, Yogendra K. Mishra, Jannick Jacobsen, Jurgen Carstensen, et al. "Double Hierarchical 3D Carbon Nanotube Network with Tailored Structure as a Lithium Sulfur Cathode." In 2021 IEEE 11th International Conference Nanomaterials: Applications & Properties (NAP). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nap51885.2021.9568505.

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Novikova, Svetlana, Daria Voropaeva, Sergey Li, and Andrey Yaroslavtsev. "S/C Composites with Different Carbon Matrices as Cathode Materials for Metal–Sulfur Batteries." In ECP 2022. Basel Switzerland: MDPI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecp2022-12629.

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Gao, Xiaosi, Yiqi Shao, Changyang Zheng, Jin Suntivich, and Yong Lak Joo. "The Role of Metal Oxides in Li-S Batteries: A High-Areal-Capacity Sulfur Composite Cathode Investigation." In Virtual ECS (Electrochemical Society Meeting) 2021. US DOE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1874099.

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Han, Ming, Xuan Zhang, Saleh Hassan, and Ali Al-Yousef. "Advancement and Prospective of Hydrogen Generation from Hydrogen Sulfide Via Electrolysis Decomposition Approaches." In Middle East Oil, Gas and Geosciences Show. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/213245-ms.

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Abstract Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is known as a poisonous gas associated with oil production. It is vital for sustainable oilfield development to handle H2S effectively and convert it into highly-valued products and remove simultaneously the environmental pollutant. Electrolysis decomposition of H2S is one of promising and key technologies in this field as it can utilize water as a media to convert H2S to hydrogen (H2) and elemental sulfur (S). In this review, it summarizes the technology development in electrolysis decomposition of H2S by means of direct and indirect electrolysis approaches since 1980s. The emphasis is on the research attempts in the electrolysis to overcome the main hindrances and to reduce power consumptions. It includes the technical schemes, setups, conditions, and voltage consumptions. By critical reviews of the technologies, it presents the prospective in technology development from laboratory research to small scale application. It has been long realized that the energy consumption of direct electrolysis decomposition of H2S is much lower than that of water electrolysis decomposition. H2S in aqueous solution can be directly decomposed to produce H2 at the cathode by reduction reaction and S at the anode by oxidation reaction. Although high-quality H2 can be produced at the cathode, the accumulative aggregation of S on the anode surface results in serious passivation that ceases the overall electrolysis process. Many efforts were made to modify the electrolysis conditions to improve the electrolysis efficiency. On the other hand, indirect electrolysis schemes have been developed by 2 oxidation-reduction electrolysis reactions using specific redox couples. This scheme is more operationally feasible since it avoids anode passivation and S is produced by the oxidation step and separated before the electrolysis step. Some small-scale pilots presented efficient production of H2 and S at low power consumption of 2.0 kWh/Nm3-H2 compared to the power consumption of 4.5 kWh/Nm3-H2 for water electrolysis. In addition, other route using metal as cathode has been developed which produces H2 and metal sulfide (MS) by electrochemical resolution-precipitation. This is very promising because of its low power consumption (0.8 kWh/Nm3-H2) and value-added product MS. This paper provides a state-of-the-art review of the technologies of electrolysis decomposition of H2S. It presents the prospective of hydrogen sulfide conversion from electrochemistry point of view.
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Pint, Cary L. "Capillary Force Guided Nanomanufacturing of Composite Materials for Advanced Battery Applications." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-71738.

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This paper introduces the use of capillary thermodynamics as a powerful nanomanufacturing tool, and its specific application to infiltrate sulfur into 3-D nanostructured electrodes for advanced lithium-sulfur and/or sodium-sulfur battery development. The capillary effect specifically targets nucleation from the equilibrium vapor pressure of bulk sulfur (gas phase) onto nanoscale surfaces (liquid phase). This leads to condensates that nucleate and grow uniformly over the surface leading to self-limited and conformal composite materials moderated by the chemical potential driving force between the nanoscale nuclei and the bulk sulfur. Our studies show highly consistent and repeatable sulfur loading exceeding 80 wt.% sulfur, fast kinetics that can lead to full infiltration in ∼ 10 minutes, and synergy with pre-formed carbon materials including carbon nanotube arrays, carbon nanotube foams and sponges, and microporous carbons with pore sizes ∼ 0.5 nm. This overcomes challenges of scaling to high areal capacity in lithium-sulfur and sodium-sulfur batteries, and our results emphasize the highest reported areal capacities for solid-processed cathodes to date (> 19 mAh/cm2). This paves the route to batteries with energy density > 500 Wh/kg with reliable manufacturing processes that simultaneously sustain low cost and high throughput.
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Gandiglio, M., A. Lanzini, P. Leone, and M. Santarelli. "Design and Balance-of-Plant of a Demonstration Plant With a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Fed by Biogas From Waste-Water and Exhaust Carbon Recycling for Algae Growth." In ASME 2013 11th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology collocated with the ASME 2013 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2013 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2013-18082.

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The design and balance-of-plant of an integrated anaerobic digestion (AD) biogas solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) demonstration plant is presented. A notable feature of the plant is the CO2 capture from the SOFC anode exhaust via an oxy-combustion reactor. The captured CO2 is fed to a photobioreactor installation downstream of the SOFC where C is fixed in an algae bio-fuel. The main plant sections are described in detail including the gas cleaning unit, fuel processing, SOFC ‘hot-box’, oxy-combustor, CO2/H2O condensation unit and finally algae bioreactor. The demonstration plant is fed with biogas from AD of the by-product sludge of the greatest waste-water treatment plant in Italy, serving over 2 million population equivalents in the Torino metropolitan area. In this work, the main BoP components and engineering issues concerning the design of the SOFC plant are detailed. The as-produced biogas is firstly treated to remove moisture and then filtered to remove sulfur, halogens and siloxanes. Dry clean biogas (roughly 60–65% CH4, 35–40% CO2) is sent to a steam-reformer. The reformate gas is thus used to feed a 2 kWe SOFC module (operated at ∼ 800 °C). The cathode off-gas is kept separated from the anode and is used to pre-heat inlet fresh air; the anode outlet stream is sent first to an oxy-combustor to yield an almost pure H2O-CO2 mixture that is eventually cooled down to 300–400 °C. Steam is condensed and separated in a dedicated condenser unit. The resulting pure CO2 is thus pressurized (8 bar) and available for sequestration or other uses. Due to the limited size of the demo plant, the choice was to feed it to bioreactors with algae, where the latter are grown with sunlight and CO2 indeed. A tubular photo-bioreactor has been chosen with a productivity of 20 g/day/m2 of dry algae. The outlet stream will be an algae purge that, due to its low mass flow, could be re-sent to the biogas digesters. A system analysis of a scaled-up version of the biogas fed SOFC power plant, with heat integration included, is also carried out with a calculated overall electrical efficiency exceeding 55% (LHV basis).
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Reports on the topic "Sulfur cathode"

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Joo, Yong Lak, Jin Suntivich, and Trung Nguyen. Highly Loaded Sulfur Cathode, Coated Separator and Gel Electrolyte for High Rate Li-Sulfur Batteries. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1874053.

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Jen, Alex, and Jihui Yang. Multifunctional, Self-Healing Polyelectrolyte Gels for Long-Cycle-Life, High-Capacity Sulfur Cathodes in Li-S Batteries. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1725759.

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