Journal articles: 'Suies de combustion'

1

Capron, R., M. Curci, and E. Dittmar. "Analyse morphologique des suies formées lors de la combustion des matériaux. Définition d’indicateurs." Revue de Métallurgie 90, no. 9 (September 1993): 1121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/199390091121.

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Desgroux, P., A. El Bakali, and X. Mercier. "Croissance des HAP et des suies et transition phase gaz-phase solide dans les processus de combustion." EPJ Web of Conferences 18 (2011): 04001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/20111804001.

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Djediane, M., A. Berroukche, M. Terras, and A. Labani. "Influence de la variation de la température de combustion dans un moteur Diesel sur les émissions de polluants (NOx et suies)." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 8, no. 4 (January 16, 2015): 955. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v8i4.55.

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Osman, Shahrul Azmir, Ahmad Jais Alimin, and V. S. Liong. "Optimum Combustion Chamber Geometry for a Compression Ignition Engine Retrofitted to Run Using Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)." Applied Mechanics and Materials 315 (April 2013): 552–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.315.552.

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The use of natural gas as an alternative fuels are motivated from the impact in deteriorating quality of air and the energy shortage from petroleum products. Through retrofitting, CI engine runs on CNG, will be able to reduce the negative impact mainly on the use of petroleum products. However, this required the modification of the combustion chamber geometry by reducing the compression ratio to value that suits combustion of CNG. In this present studies, four different shapes and geometries of combustion chamber were designed and simulate using CFD package powered by Ansys workbench, where k-ε turbulence model was used to predict the flow in the combustion chamber. The results of turbulence kinetic energy, velocity vectors and streamline are presented. The enhancement of air-fuel mixing inside the engine cylinder can be observed, where the design with re-entrance and lower center projection provide better results compared to other combustion geometries designs.

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Ястребов, С. Г., and Н. А. Ломанова. "Особенности взаимодействия нанокластеров BiFeO-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-, синтезированных методом растворного горения." Письма в журнал технической физики 47, no. 1 (2021): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/pjtf.2021.01.50448.18437.

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The peculiarities presented of the magnetization for BiFeO3 nanoclusters with approximately 50 nm in size. They synthesized under conditions of solution combustion. When synthesized, the magnetic response of nanoclusters differs drastically depending on the type of fuel. If for the case of tartaric acid, the magnetic behaviour of the material follows a model of non-interacting particles, a model of aggregated particles with amorphous or fractal magnetic shell suits the case of sucrose usage.

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Naik, Ramachandra, V. Revathi, H. Nagabhushana, K. M. Girish, and H. P. Nagaswarupa. "Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis of Cr3+ doped Mg2SiO4 nanoparticles." Material Science Research India 17, no. 3 (December 30, 2020): 207–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/msri/170303.

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Low temperature solution combustion synthesized Cr3+(1- 4 mol%) doped Mg2SiO4 nanoparticles were analyzed by Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD), Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectroscopy, Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. PXRD profile shows the samples are crystalline.FTIR spectra show MgO6 octahedral and Si-O bending and stretching modes.It was observed that, CV show excellent semi rectangular shaped voltammograms due to the oxidation reduction reactions and the reversibility of the reaction which suits for electric double layer capacitance.Charge transfer resistance (Rct) was found to be 10 Ωindicates the better electron transfer from one phase to another.

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Kumar, Abhishek, Vijaya Agarwala, and Dharmendra Singh. "Effect of Mg Substitution on Microwave Absorption of BaFe₁₂O₁₉." Advanced Materials Research 585 (November 2012): 62–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.585.62.

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The Magnesium substituted barium hexaferrites were prepared by sol-gel auto-combustion method according to the molecular formula BaMgxFe(12−x)O19 (x=0, 0.5 and 1). The crystalline structure, morphology, complex permittivity, and complex permeability were measured with X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission-Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) and Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) respectively. From XRD study, the formations of single phase ultrafine particles have been confirmed. The XRD analysis showed that variation in lattice parameter with change in x value. The FE-SEM study shows that synthesized particles have hexagonal morphology. The minimum reflection loss of -24.86 dB at 9.04 GHz was found with the increase in band width at x=1, which suits its application as RADAR absorbing materials.

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Vandevelde, Ségolène, Jean-Luc Lacour, Céline Quéré, Lionel Marie, Christophe Petit, and Ludovic Slimak. "Identification du rythme annuel de précipitation des carbonates pariétaux pour un calage micro-chronologique des occupations archéologiques pyrogéniques : cas de la Grotte Mandrin (Malataverne, Drôme, France)." BSGF - Earth Sciences Bulletin 192 (2021): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bsgf/2021002.

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Dans les abris-sous-roche et grottes, la lecture géoarchéologique des sédiments peut permettre, dans des cas favorables, une étude micro-chronologique des traces d’activités anthropiques et en particulier de l’usage du feu. Si la récurrence dans l’utilisation des foyers peut parfois être identifiée par une étude micromorphologique de ces structures au sol, il n’est pas évident que l’ensemble des différents épisodes de combustion puisse y être identifié. Il se trouve que les événements de paléo-feux peuvent être enregistrés ailleurs que dans les foyers, par exemple sous la forme d’imprégnations de suie enregistrées dans les spéléothèmes, témoins des feux passés dans les cavités ; elles peuvent faire l’objet d’une étude fuliginochronologique (lat. fuligo,fuliginosus : suie), qui consiste à étudier la succession des dépôts de suie piégés dans une matrice. Certaines concrétions calcaires ont un autre avantage, celui de présenter des lamines pouvant être annuelles. Lorsque cela peut être démontré, l’étude conjointe des films de suie et des doublets de calcite permet de caler les chroniques de paléo-feux sur une échelle micro-chronologique de temps mesuré. Dans cette étude, nous démontrons, grâce à l’analyse conjointe des alternances de fabrique cristalline et des variations saisonnières de la teneur en strontium (Sr), que les doublets de calcite observés dans les fins encroûtements carbonatés pariétaux du site archéologique de la Grotte Mandrin sont annuels. Pour ce faire, nous avons recours à la spectroscopie sur plasma induit par laser (LIBS – Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy) qui permet de révéler des variations relatives d’éléments mineurs et traces dans ces concrétions avec une échelle annuelle à sub-annuelle. Les séquences de films de suie peuvent donc être indexées sur le calendrier annuel de la précipitation des carbonates et les chroniques de paléo-feux calées sur une échelle chronologique relative et précise à l’année près, voire la saison. L’étude des rythmicités des occupations humaines sur le site de la Grotte Mandrin devient alors accessible avec une résolution jusqu’alors inégalée.

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Brownfield, Michael E. "Characterization of feed coals and coal combustion byproducts from the Wyodak-Anderson coal zone, Powder River Basin, Wyoming." Mountain Geologist 57, no. 3 (July 1, 2020): 199–240. http://dx.doi.org/10.31582/rmag.mg.57.3.199.

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The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) determined the physical and chemical properties of more than 260 feed coal and coal combustion byproducts from two coal-fired power plants. These plants utilized a low-sulfur (0.23-0.47 wt. % S) and low ash (4.9-6.3 wt. % ash) subbituminous coal from the Wyodak-Anderson coal zone in the Tongue River Member of the Paleocene Fort Union Formation, Powder River Basin, Wyoming. Fifty-three samples of bituminous coal were collected and analyzed from a Kentucky power plant, which used several sources of bituminous coals from the Appalachian and Illinois Basins. Based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses of feed coal samples collected and analyzed from 1996 through the late 2000s, two mineral suites were identified: (1) a primary or detrital suite consisting of quartz (including beta-form grains), biotite, feldspar, and minor zircon; and (2) a secondary authigenic mineral suite containing alumino-phosphates (crandallite and gorceixite), kaolinite, carbonates (calcite and dolomite), quartz, anatase, barite, and pyrite. The detrital mineral suite is interpreted, in part, to be of volcanic origin, whereas the authigenic mineral suite is interpreted, in part, to be the result of the alteration of the volcanic minerals. The mineral suites have contributed to the higher amounts of barium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, sodium, strontium, and titanium in the Powder River Basin feed coals in comparison to eastern US coals. XRD analysis indicates that (1) fly ash is mostly aluminate glass, perovskite, lime, gehlenite, quartz, and phosphates with minor amounts of periclase, anhydrite, hematite, and spinel group minerals; and (2) bottom ash is predominantly quartz, plagioclase (albite and anorthite), pyroxene (augite and fassaite), rhodonite, and akermanite, and spinel group minerals. Microprobe and SEM analyses of fly ash samples revealed quartz, zircon, and monazite, euhedral laths of corundum with merrillite, hematite, dendritic spinels/ferrites, wollastonite, and periclase. The abundant calcium and magnesium mineral phases in the fly ash are attributed to the alteration of carbonate, clay, and phosphate minerals in the feed coal during combustion. The calcium- and magnesium-rich and alumino-phosphate mineral phases in the coal combustion byproducts can be attributed to volcanic minerals deposited in peat-forming mires. Dissolution and alteration of these detrital volcanic minerals occurred either in the peat-forming stage or during coalification and diagenesis, resulting in the authigenic mineral suite. The presence of free lime (CaO) in fly ash produced from Wyodak-Anderson coal acts as a self-contained “scrubber” for SO3, where CaO + SO3 form anhydrite either during combustion or in the upper parts of the boiler. Considering the high lime content in the fly ash and the resulting hydration reactions after its contact with water, there is little evidence that major amounts of leachable metals are mobilized in the disposal or utilization of this fly ash.

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Latreche, Soulef, Mokthar Boutahala, and Abdelkrim Kahoul. "Combustion catalytique de la suie en presence du melange O2/NO sur des catalyseurs Pt / Bi2Ru2O7." Annales de chimie Science des Matériaux 32, no. 3 (May 23, 2007): 297–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/acsm.32.297-305.

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11

Rassõlkin, Anton, Liisa Liivik, Valery Vodovozov, and Zoja Raud. "Library of Samples for E-Vehicle Propulsion Drive Tuning." Electrical, Control and Communication Engineering 5, no. 1 (May 1, 2014): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ecce-2014-0004.

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Abstract The majority of testing cycles for the vehicle comparison is the long-term cycles and could not be used for the short-term transient mode imitations. Also, all the used nowadays testing cycles were designed for internal combustion engine vehicles and take into account not only energy and mechanical aspects, but also pollution and internal combustion engine characteristics. The paper presents a collection of sample signals developed to explore and simulate multiple system impacts to emulate different reference and load conditions. The study describes the major driving modes, such as the constant-speed cruising, speeding up and braking, typical parking regimes, uphill and downhill motion, and taking a turn. The developed testing equipment and software are described. Responses of the battery vehicle drives to the changeable controls and disturbances were studied in the laboratory test bench. The set of test cycles prepared in the frame of the ABB control arrangement was applied to the system evaluation and assessment. The developed methodology can be recommended to adjust the electric drives for different kinds of testing equipment. Experimental validation of the described approach has demonstrated the broad possibilities for the steady-state and transient modes of vehicle quality evaluation. It suits for recommendations that can be made with regard to the tuning of the drive regulators, control looping, sensor allocation, and feedback arrangements.

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12

Sterligov, Boris, and Sergei Cherkasov. "Reducing Magnetic Noise of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle for High-Quality Magnetic Surveys." International Journal of Geophysics 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4098275.

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The use of light and ultralight unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for magnetic data acquisition can be efficient for resolving multiple geological and engineering tasks including geological mapping, ore deposits’ prospecting, and pipelines’ monitoring. The accuracy of the aeromagnetic data acquired using UAV depends mainly on deviation noise of electric devices (engine, servos, etc.). The goal of this research is to develop a nonmagnetic unmanned aerial platform (NUAP) for high-quality magnetic surveys. Considering parameters of regional and local magnetic survey, a fixed-wing UAV suits geological tasks better for plain area and copter type for hills and mountains. Analysis of the experimental magnetic anomalies produced by a serial light fixed-wing UAV and subsequent magnetic and aerodynamic modeling demonstrates a capacity of NUAP with internal combustion engine carrying an atomic magnetic sensor mounted on the UAV wings to facilitate a high-quality magnetic survey.

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13

Sokol, Ella V., Svetlana N. Kokh, Yurii V. Seryotkin, Anna S. Deviatiiarova, Sergey V. Goryainov, Victor V. Sharygin, Hani N. Khoury, Nikolay S. Karmanov, Victoria A. Danilovsky, and Dmitry A. Artemyev. "Ultrahigh-Temperature Sphalerite from Zn-Cd-Se-Rich Combustion Metamorphic Marbles, Daba Complex, Central Jordan: Paragenesis, Chemistry, and Structure." Minerals 10, no. 9 (September 17, 2020): 822. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10090822.

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Minerals of the Zn-Cd-S-Se system that formed by moderately reduced ~800–850 °C combustion metamorphic (CM) alteration of marly sediments were found in marbles from central Jordan. Their precursor sediments contain Se- and Ni-enriched authigenic pyrite and ZnS modifications with high Cd enrichment (up to ~10 wt%) and elevated concentrations of Cu, Sb, Ag, Mo, and Pb. The marbles are composed of calcite, carbonate-fluorapatite, spurrite, and brownmillerite and characterized by high P, Zn, Cd, U, and elevated Se, Ni, V, and Mo contents. Main accessories are either Zn-bearing oxides or sphalerite, greenockite, and Ca-Fe-Ni-Cu-O-S-Se oxychalcogenides. CM alteration lead to compositional homogenization of metamorphic sphalerite, for which trace-element suites become less diverse than in the authigenic ZnS. The CM sphalerites contain up to ~14 wt% Cd and ~6.7 wt% Se but are poor in Fe (means 1.4–2.2 wt%), and bear 100–250 ppm Co, Ni, and Hg. Sphalerite (Zn,Cd,Fe)(S,O,Se)cub is a homogeneous solid solution with a unit cell smaller than in ZnScub as a result of S2− → O2− substitution (a = 5.40852(12) Å, V = 158.211(6) Å3). The amount of lattice-bound oxygen in the CM sphalerite is within the range for synthetic ZnS1−xOx crystals (0 < x ≤ 0.05) growing at 900 °C.

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Dąbrowiecki, Zbigniew, Małgorzata Dąbrowiecka, Romuald Olszański, and Piotr Siermontowski. "Decontamination of a Diving Suit." Polish Hyperbaric Research 57, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/phr-2016-0025.

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AbstractWhen working in chemical or biological environments, contamination is an extremely dangerous issue for the rescue services of the fire department, police and the army.Modern protective overalls worn by fire fighters or dry “Viking” diving suits made from neoprene or nylon covered with polyurethane, have been proven to ensure sufficient protection. However, once the contaminated area is left, there is a need to perform decontamination of the external and internal surfaces of the protective overalls; in order to ensure the clothing continues to offer a high level of comfort and to retain the durability of said protective clothing, it is of course also necessary to perform a drying procedure.Moreover, there is a risk of a transfer of pathogenic micro-organisms between persons utilising the same protective clothes, particularly in the case of expensive specialist suits. Micro-organisms which may potentially spread through clothing include intestinal bacteria, such as: Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter, E. coli (including E. coli O157), C. difficile, viruses inducing infections of the upper respiratory tract and alimentary tract (noraviruses, rotaviruses, adeno and astroviruses). The risk of infection also involves the presence of the flu viruses, herpesviruses and pathogens transferred through skin, such as S. aureus (including MRSA), yeast-like fungi (Candida albicans), fungal strains inducing Tinea pedis and Tinea corporis [1]. Pathogenic micro-organisms can easily transfer from fabric surface onto the body of a person wearing protective clothing.From the numerous available techniques of decontamination of surfaces, equipment and protective clothing we propose to use for this purpose gaseous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a very effective biocidal agent. In field conditions, typical for the activities of rescue crews of the fire department, police and army we assume utilisation of a portable decontamination chamber enabling performance of a complete decontamination process.The process lasting approximately 3 hours encompasses 3 phases:• Drying phase;• Decontamination with gaseous hydrogen peroxide;• Catalytic combustion phase of hydrogen peroxide residues to a level safe for the environment.The integrated humidity and H2O2level sensors ensure automatic control of the entire process and the unique distribution system of gaseous H2O2secures full accessibility of the biocidal agent to the external surface of protective clothing as well as its interior. Moreover, the container allows for the conduction of the complete decontamination of the rescue equipment, night vision devices, binoculars, field telephones, radio stations, etc. Upon decontamination cycle completion, we obtain a completely dried suit which can be safely used by another crew member.

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Wingfors, Håkan, Jenny Rattfelt Nyholm, Roger Magnusson, and Cecilia Hammar Wijkmark. "Impact of Fire Suit Ensembles on Firefighter PAH Exposures as Assessed by Skin Deposition and Urinary Biomarkers." Annals of Work Exposures and Health 62, no. 2 (December 10, 2017): 221–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxx097.

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Abstract Over the past 10 years, a number of safety measures for reducing firefighters’ exposure to combustion particles have been introduced in Sweden. The most important measure was the reduction in the time firefighters wear suits and handle contaminated equipment after turn-outs involving smoke diving. This study was divided into two parts, those being to investigate the level of protection obtained by multiple garment layers and to assess exposure during a standardized smoke diving exercise. First, realistic work protection factors (WPFs) were calculated by comparing air concentrations of the full suite of gaseous and particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) inside and outside structural ensembles, including jacket and thick base layer, during a tough fire extinguishing exercise using wood as the fuel. Second, during a standardized smoke diving exercise, exposure was assessed by measuring PAH skin deposition and levels of eight urinary PAH metabolites in 20 volunteer student firefighters before and after the exercise. The average WPF for the sum of 22 PAHs was 146 ± 33 suggesting a relatively high protective capacity but also indicating a substantial enrichment of contaminants with a risk of prolonged dermal exposure. Accordingly, in the second exercise, the median levels of skin-deposited Σ14-PAHs and urinary 1-hydroxypyrene significantly increased 5-fold (21 to 99 ng/wipe) and 8-fold (0.14 to 1.1 µmol mol−1 creatinine), respectively, post exposure. Among the PAH metabolites investigated, 1-hydroxypyrene proved to be the most useful indicator of exposure, with significantly elevated urinary levels at both 6 h and 20 h after the exercise and with the strongest correlation to dermal exposure. Metabolites from two-ring and three-ring PAHs were eliminated faster while levels of 3-hydroxy-benzo[a]pyrene did not meet the detection criteria. The results from correlation studies indicated that dermal uptake was a major route of exposure in accordance with previous findings. To summarize, this study shows that some of the newly adopted protective measures were correctly implemented, and should continue to be followed and be more widely adopted.

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Tsogo, Joseph, and Detlef Kretschmer. "Prédiction simplifiée des émissions de suie à la sortie des chambres de combustion des turbines à gaz opérées à la pression atmosphérique." Pollution atmosphérique, N°206 (2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.4267/pollution-atmospherique.700.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Suies de combustion'

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