Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Suies de combustion'
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Aubagnac-Karkar, Damien. "Sectional soot modeling for Diesel RANS simulations." Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ECAP0061/document.
Full textSoot particles emitted by Diesel engines cause major public health issues. Car manufacturers need models able to predict soot number and size distribution to face the more and more stringent norms.In this context, a soot model based on a sectional description of the solid phase is proposed in this work. First, the type of approach is discussed on the base of state of the art of the current soot models. Then, the proposed model is described. At every location and time-step of the simulation, soot particles are split into sections depending on their size. Each section evolution is governed by: • a transport equation;• source terms representing its interaction with the gaseous phase (particle inception, condensation surface growth and oxidation);• source terms representing its interaction with other sections (condensation and coagulation).This soot model requires the knowledge of local and instantaneous concentrations of minor species involved in soot formation and evolution. The kinetic schemes including these species are composed of hundreds of species and thousands of reactions. It is not possible to use them in 3D-CFD simulations. Therefore, the tabulated approach VPTHC (Variable Pressure Tabulated Homogeneous Chemistry) has been proposed. This approach is based on the ADF approach (Approximated Diffusion Flame) which has been simplified in order to be coupled with the sectional soot model. First, this tabulated combustion model ability to reproduce detailed kinetic scheme prediction has been validated on variable pressure and mixture fraction homogeneous reactors designed for this purpose. Then, the models predictions have been compared to experimental measurement of soot yields and particle size distributions of Diesel engines. The validation database includes variations of injection duration, injection pressure and EGR rate performed with a commercial Diesel fuel as well as the surrogate used in simulations. The model predictions agree with the experiments for most cases. Finally, the model predictions have been compared on a more detailed and academical case with the Engine Combustion Network Spray A, a high pressure Diesel spray. This final experimental validation provides data to evaluate the model predictions in transient conditions
Dayma, Guillaume. "Étude de l'oxydation et de la combustion de précurseurs de suies." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2003. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_2003_DAYMA_G.pdf.
Full textWhen government decide to increase taxes on Diesel fuel and try to push for less polluting fuels, it appears useful to work on soot formation du ring the combustion in angines in arder to limit their emission. The chapter 1 of this report gives generalities about combustion, oxidation mechanisms, soot formation and presents a bibliographie review of former works on cyclohexene and aliene. Chapter Il presents experimental apparatus used in this work detailing the premixed laminar flame set up during this study. Chapter Ill presents the mechanisms written to reproduce our experimental results obtained in flame for aliene and in shock tube and perfectly jet-stirred reactor for cyclohexene and also the comparison with simulations
Collura, Salvatore. "Réactivité des suies diesel en atmosphères oxydantes." Metz, 2004. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2004/Collura.Salvatore.SMZ0410.pdf.
Full textThe main objective of this thesis was to study the reactivity of diesel exhaust soot under oxidizing conditions. The two studied diesel soot are collected from the same motor bench. This survey appears in a project titled "modelling of a catalysed diesel particulate filter" in which several laboratories (LTAC Metz, LRS Paris VI and LCA Saint-Avold) had collaborated with an industrial partner (Renault SA). Firstly, the soot samples have been characterized by various analytic techniques in order to determine their structural and chemical characteristics as well as their thermal behaviour. We also put in evidence the existence of an interaction between soot and adsorbed compounds during thermal treatment in inert atmosphere (formation of a microporous carbonaceous layer). Concerning the reactivity of non catalysed soot under air, the kinetic parameters have been determined thanks to thermogravimetric analyses. The values obtained for the combustion of the carbonaceous matrix are near for all soot samples (Ea = 140-170 kJ. Mol-1, n ~ 0. 25, nO2 ~ 0. 72). Nor the quantity of soluble organic fraction (SOF), volatile organic fraction (VOF), the mineral inclusions and the thermal treatment seems to influence the combustion process. The effect of a Pt/ZrO2-CeO2 catalyst on the oxidization of soot under air and under a mixture containing 10 % of oxygen and 700 ppm of NO2/Ar has been studied by thermogravimetry. For the catalysed reaction, the activation energy decreases and the order of the reaction of soot (n) increases. There is a change of reaction mechanism. In the case of the reaction under air, it seems that contact between soot and catalyst is necessary whereas in presence of NO2 the catalyst is active even without contact. Finally, the formation of the reaction intermediates (R-NOx) created during the reaction of soot with NO2 has been put forward by thermogravimetry. The nature of these compounds has been determined by infrared spectrometry in agreement with the literature results. Some possible formation and decomposition mechanisms of these species have been proposed thanks to the analysis of gases obtained during soot-NO2 reaction and the thermodesorption of the R-NOx and ROx formed
Martinot, Stéphane. "Développement d'un modèle de suies pour la modélisation multidimentionnelle des polluants dans les moteurs diesel." INSA de Rouen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ISAM0009.
Full textDorey, Luc-Henry. "Modélisation des phénomènes couples combustion-formation des suies-transferts radiatifs dans les chambres de combustion de turbine à gaz." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00731144.
Full textGilot, Patrick. "Interprétation théorique et modélisation de la combustion de suies sur filtre à particules Diesel." Mulhouse, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MULH0153.
Full textBouvier, Yoann. "Caractérisation de suies et de précurseurs de suies dans des flammes par incandescence induite par laser." Lille 1, 2006. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2006/50376-2006-Bouvier.pdf.
Full textCette étude a été effectuée de manière originale en utilisant un profil de faisceau laser gaussien et en comparant la détection "classique" à angle droit à la détection dans le sens contraire à la propagation du faisceau (rétro-LII) Cette comparaison a permis de valider un dispositif de mesure de fraction volumique de suies par rétro-LII à l'échappement des moteurs. Une méthode expérimentale de détermination de révolution de la fonction d'indice de réfraction E(m) avec la longueur d'onde est proposée par comparaison des signaux LII obtenus en utilisant des longueurs d'onde d'excitation dc 532 nm et 1064 nm. Une validation de la méthode est effectuée par comparaison avec des mesures d'extinction obtenues par mesure du temps de déclin d'une cavité optique (CRDS) aux mêmes longueurs d'onde. La structure des flammes "jet" supports a été étudiée par couplage de l'Incandescence Induite par Laser des suies et de la Fluorescence Induite par Laser des HAP à 532 nm (LII / LIF). La calibration des fractions volumiques de suies est effectuée par mesure du temps de vie d'une cavité optique à 1064 nm. Des cartographies suies / HAP sont ainsi obtenues dans une flamme de diffusion de méthane et dans les deux flammes de prémélange. La sensibilité des techniques mises en œuvre permet de détecter de très faibles teneurs en suies (< 1 ppb). Une méthode novatrice de mesure de la vitesse des particules de suie dans les flammes est également proposée
Lamharess, Nora. "Etude de la réactivité des suies issues de la combustion des biocarburants : interaction avec le filtre à particules catalysé." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066717.
Full textThe aims of this thesis is to study and understand, on a CDPF, the reactivity of soots arising from three different biofuels: a classic gasoil (named GO), a blend of 30% of biodiesel with classic gasoil (named B30) and a blend of 30% of Fischer-tropsch gasoil with classic gasoil (named FT30). The approach is based on the use of a commercial catalyst type DPNR of Toyota in order to realize some tests on engine and synthetic gas benches. Characterization tests have also been realized for a better understanding of the reactivity of each soot type. It appears from this study that the use of biofuels in Diesel engines should not penalize the functioning or controlling of the catalyzed particulate filter. The first generation biofuels (B30) is very interesting because the composition of exhaust gases resulting from the combustion of this biofuels is favorable for the continuous regeneration by NO2 (decrees of soot emissions and increase of NOx / PM ratio. The soot from the second-generation biofuel (FT30) has been found very reactive in the case of the forced regeneration in the presence of NO2 and oxygen. The fast oxidation of this soot would reduce the time of this mode of regeneration and thus limits the fuel penalty due to such regeneration. The results of this study suggest that the B30 soot is more interesting on continuous regeneration by NO2 while soot FT30 favors the regeneration by oxygen
Ait, Ali Yahia Lyes. "Etude expérimentale de l’influence de la morphologie des agrégats de suies sur leur comportement thermophorétique." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1081.
Full textThe main objective of this study is to improve the knowledge about the morphological influence of fractal aggregates on their thermophoretic behavior. For this purpose, an original tri thermal device aimed to capture this kind of particles by thermophoresis deposition was developed. This device is composed of three concentric tubes where particles flows through an annular space between the inner and outer tubes with imposed temperatures, the inner one is cooled and the outer is heated. Particles will deposit by thermophoresis on the cold wall of the inner tube. This device is based on the so called penetration method, where the deposition rate on a cold wall is obtained by particles concentrations measurements upstream and downstream of the test section. A deposition model developed in this study allowed us to determine the thermophoretic diffusion coefficient Kth. We validated the tri thermal device using monodispersed spherical latex particles and also mono and polydispersed spherical oil particles distributions. Indeed, a good agreement was found between our experimental determination of the thermophoretic diffusion coefficient and the theoretical values of Beresnev and Chernyak and also experimental results of the litterature. We finally conducted a study where we applied the device with soot aggregates that have variable morphology and physicochemical nature. This study confirmed the results presented by Mackowski and Brugière about the increase of the aggregates thermophoretic diffusion coefficients Kth with the primary particle number and therefore with the electrical mobility diameter. A confrontation between the coefficients Kth of the different types of aggregates allowed us to find an influence of the primary particles diameter, the fractal dimension Df and also the ratio EC/TC on the thermophoretic behavior of soot aggregates
Delorme, Thierry. "Pyrométrie polychromatique appliquée à l'analyse de la combustion et de la production des suies et des NOx dans une chambre de combustion diesel." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1993. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/TH_T1557_tdelorme.pdf.
Full textJabine, Larbi. "Modélisation numérique de l'influence des suies sur le transfert radiatif dans une flamme de diffusion laminaire en microgravité." Poitiers, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006POIT2305.
Full textMechati, Bennaga Fatiha. "Etude du couplage entre diffusion et réaction de l'oxygène ou du dioxyde d'azote pendant la combustion d'un lit de suies." Mulhouse, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MULH0831.
Full textDiffusivity of oxygen or nitrogen dioxide (De,O2 or De,NO2) in the soot bed has to be known in order to simulate the regeneration of a particulate filter. In reactive porous materials, the diffusivities are difficult to estimate. An "indirect method" has been developed to evaluate, at the reaction temperature, oxygen or nitrogen dioxide diffusivity in a soot bed. Two experimental techniques have been used: the fixed bed technique where the diffusion does not influence the combustion rate, and the thermogravimetry where kinetics and diffusive transport are coupled. Kinetic parameters are determined by the fixed bed technique. Modelling of the coupling between kinetics and transport within the bed of soot in the thermobalance allows the determination of the unknown diffusion coefficients
Gueniche, Hadj Ali Battin-Leclerc Frédérique. "Compréhension de la formation des suies étude de la combustion de précurseurs des cycles aromatiques en flamme laminaire prémélangée /." S. l. : INPL, 2007. http://www.scd.inpl-nancy.fr/theses/2007_GUENICHE_H_A.pdf.
Full textMarchal, Caroline. "Modélisation de la formation et de l'oxydation des suies dans un moteur automobile." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00392316.
Full textBourrous, Soleiman. "Étude du colmatage des filtres THE plans et à petits plis par des agrégats de nanoparticules simulant un aérosol de combustion." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0301/document.
Full textIn nuclear facilities, airborne particles are the vector of most of the radiological contamination. For this reason, pleated HEPA filters are one of the containment devices which are actively studied by the IRSN (Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire) to ensure the safety of nuclear exploitation. To avoid contamination of the environment, the understanding of the behavior of the filters especially in accidental situation has to be as exhaustive as possible. The most probable accident and the most penalizing for the containment devices is fire which leads to a massive soot particle production. In this case, the clogging of the filters is a problematic which has to be taken into account. Up to now, an empirical correlation has been developed to predict the pressure drop increase. The empirical nature of this correlation doesn’t allow its use in all situations. A phenomenological understanding and model of the clogging is then necessary. The following PhD work aims to reduce the pressure drop evolution to physical observations for each step of the clogging in order to model it on the most physical basis as possible. To do so, the study has been divided in two parts. The first one focusing on the behavior of flat filter by measuring the penetration of particles inside the medium and the porosity of the deposit formed on its surface. In the second part a small scale experiment based on a single pleat has been developed. Accumulation of the particles inside the pleat has been directly observed, deformation of the pleat as well as airflow in the pleat (using a PIV method) has been measured. During these experiments, pressure drop has been monitored and the measured parameters have been linked to the pressure drop evolution. Finality is to build a simple analytical model to predict the pressure drop evolution of the filters as a function of the deposited mass, the aerosol characteristics and the ventilation conditions. The main perspective opened by these results is the validation of complete numerical models to overcome the experimental limits. The logical extension of this work will be the study of the interaction of a clogged filter with temperature, air moisture and chemical aggression
Boiarciuc, Andrei. "Développement de la technique "Incandescence Induite par Laser" pour caractériser les particules de suies dans un moteur Diesel." Orléans, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ORLE2025.
Full textGueniche, Hadj Ali. "Compréhension de la formation des suies : étude de la combustion de précurseurs des cycles aromatiques en flamme laminaire prémélangée." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPL027N/document.
Full textSoots and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), which are present in the exhaust gas of diesel engines, represent a large part of the urban pollution. Many efforts have then been focused on reducing the emissions of these compounds. The formation of soot precursors and PAH in combustion involves small unsaturadted hydrocarbons the chemistry of which is still very uncertain. Allene, propyne, 1,3-butadiene and cyclopentene are intermediate products in the combustion in cars engines. This work has led to a better understanding of several important paths in the formation of benzene and toluene. The chapter I of this report presents a bibliographic review of former work on the oxidation of methane, allene, propyne, 1,3-butadiene and cyclopentene. Chapter II gives a detailed description of the experimental set up used during this work to study the structure of the premixed flat laminar flames. Chapters III, IV and V present our experimental results obtained in laminar premixed flat flames and also the comparison with simulations
Sri, Rahayu Wuryaningsih. "Préparation, caractérisation et mise en œuvre de catalyseurs à base de pérovskites dans la combustion des suies diesel." Compiègne, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994COMPD695.
Full textVonarb, Régis. "Contribution à l'étude des phénomènes d'inflammation et de propagation de la combustion d'un lit de suies diesel additivées." Mulhouse, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MULH0579.
Full textHuguet, Christelle. "Etude cinétique de la combustion des suies diésel : application à la modélisation de la régénération du filtre à particule." Orléans, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ORLE2067.
Full textVan-Hulle, Pascal. "Caractérisation des aérosols émis par la combustion des hydrocarbures : application à la mesure de l'indice de réfraction des suies." Rouen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ROUES009.
Full textNoirot, Rémi. "Etude expérimentale et paramétrique de la combustion de suies sur filtre à particules : application à l'épuration des échappements des moteurs Diesel." Mulhouse, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MULH0147.
Full textTafforin, Anne-Gaëlle. "Modélisation des transferts radiatifs en milieu diphasique, émissif, absorbant et multidiffusant : application aux particules de suies formées dans les flammes laminaires." Rouen, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ROUES004.
Full textSaylam, Ahmad. "Etudes par modélisation de l'oxydation et de l'autoinflammation d'alcanes et d'aromatiques purs et de mélanges à haute pression entre 600 et 1500 K : réduction de mécanismes détaillés : mesure de la formation des suies." Artois, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ARTO0206.
Full textThe understanding and control of many combustion phenomena requires an interactive work between experiments and modelling. The presentation of the two coupled approaches is a prerequisite to demonstrate the complexity of the phenomena (Chapters I and II). This complexity often precludes from fully elucidating the details of the chemistry of hydrocarbon oxidations. Such a failure has been shown by an attempt to improve the mechanism of oxidation of isooctane (Chapter III). Hundreds of species and thousands of reactions come into play during the oxidation of an hydrocarbon and they all must be included into the detailed mechanisms. The need for smaller mechanisms logically has led to devise a technique of reduction (Chapter IV). Predictive thermokinetic mechanisms have been built, reduced, and validated with new experimental data and data collected from previous work or published elsewhere (Chapter V). Laser diagnostic techniques have been used to measure soot particles and HAP inside a methane flame (Chapter VI)
Cousin, Renaud. "Synthèse et caractérisation d'oxydes ternaires à base de Cuivre, Vanadium et Cérium : application à la réaction de combustion des suies." LITTORAL, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000DUNK0041.
Full textBensouda, Fatima-Zohra. "Etude de la réactivité de suies Diesel à partir de mesures thermogravimétriques : résolution mathématique des équations correspondantes." Mulhouse, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MULH0559.
Full textDo, Hong Quan. "Impact de l’hydrogène sur la formation des particules de suies et leurs précurseurs gazeux dans les flammes." Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1R046.
Full textOur energy needs, which increase by more than 2 % each year worldwide, are provided for nearly 80 % by the combustion of fossil fuels, which potentially generate pollutants harmful to our health and environment, such as soot particles, and gaseous compounds contributing to global warming, such as carbon dioxide (CO2). Therefore, in order to meet this growing energy demand while trying to limit its negative effects, different alternative energy sources are now being studied. Among these new energies, the combination of dihydrogen (H2) and natural gas (Hydrogen-enriched natural gas-HENG) appears to be a credible alternative solution both in terms of energy efficiency and compatible with environmental constraints. The work carried out during this thesis is part of the specific framework of studies aimed at characterizing this type of fuel, i.e. its combustion efficiency but also and more particularly here the impact of H2 as an additive, on the methane combustion process and the formation of associated pollutant emissions. During this work, we have thus characterized the influence of H2 both on the formation of gaseous species (aliphatics and aromatics), some of which being potentially majors pollutants and, the formation of particulate species (soot) in rich premix flames stabilized at atmospheric pressure for different conditions of equivalence ratios and mixtures with H2. To do this, a large arsenal of experimental techniques was implemented to allow the measurement of mole fraction profiles of gaseous species (C1-C16) and those of volume fraction profiles of soot particles, as well as the size distributions of the particles formed. These measurements were carried out under carefully chosen flame conditions (nucleation flames in particular) in order to provide relevant and innovative information on the role of H2 in the soot formation process, more particularly on the nucleation process characterizing the transformation of gaseous precursor species, potentially polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), into solid soot particles.On the basis of the large panel of measured experimental data, we thus propose a discussion on the impact of equivalence ratio on the formation of soot particles in methane flames and more specifically on the nucleation process of soot particles. This work appears all the more crucial as the mechanisms related to the nucleation process in flames are still very poorly known.In addition, an important part of this thesis is devoted to the analysis of the impact of the addition of H2 on the process of soot formation in methane flames. The work carried out in this thesis demonstrates very clearly the decisive influence of H2 on the formation of PAHs and soot particles, an influence that proves to be intimately dependent on the process of introducing hydrogen (addition or substitution) to the mixture of the initial CH4/O2/N2 reagents
Varin, Étienne. "Étude et développement du modèle de combustion turbulente PEUL : application à la prédiction de la formation des suies dans les foyers aéronautiques /." Châtillon : ONERA, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb369751073.
Full textVarin, Étienne. "Etude et développement du modèle de combustion turbulente PEUL : Application à la prédiction de la formation des suies dans les foyers aéronautiques." Rouen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ROUES033.
Full textThis work deals with the numerical simulation of turbulent reactive flows. The aim of the study is to develop a model able to predict soot formation in aeronautical chambers. We use a Probalistic Eulerian Lagrangian (PEUL) method to describe the turbulent combustion. With this model, the velocity field is calculated by solving Navier-Stokes equations. Chemical composition and temperature fields are obtained by solving the Probability Density Function transport equation with a Monte Carlo method. A soot model is coupled to the combustion model in order to compute soot levels. The different processes of soot formation and destruction are taken into account: precursors formation, nucleation, surface growth, coagulation and oxidation of soot particles. We compare computation results with experimental results in the case of an ethylene/air turbulent diffusion flame. Finally, an application of our model to a practical case is related. The three dimensional numerical simulation of an aeronautical combustion chamber is presented
Fuentes, Andrés. "Interaction entre la zone réactionnelle et le champ de concentration des suies : cas de la flamme de diffusion laminaire ausein d'une couche limite." Poitiers, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006POIT2346.
Full textThe concurrent spreading of a boundary layer type diffusion flame is studied. The impossibility of obtaining a low velocity laminar flow without any perturbation induced by buoyancy has lead to the development of an experimental apparatus for use in micro-gravity facilities. Based on previous experimental observations, an original numerical approach has been developed showing, first the dominating role of the radiative heat transfer on the structure of the flame and second the major role of the soot on the extinction phenomenon at the flame trailing edge. The influence of the forced flow velocity, the fuel injection velocity and oxygen concentration on the geometry of the flame has been examined by imaging of CH* and OH* radicals spontaneous emission. Laser-Induced Incandescence (LII) is used to determine the soot field concentration in the flame. The soot formation has been studied by Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). The interaction between the reaction zone and the field of soot formation/oxidation is taken into account to analyze the flame length. These results can be used as the experimental input data for a future complete validation of numerical model simulating the soot formation and oxidation in this kind of flame
Mourier, Louis. "Optimisation des contacts élastohydrodynamiques par la micro-texturation de surface : application aux systèmes de distribution automobile." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ECDL0006.
Full textValencia, Correa Andres. "Etude expérimentale des concentrations de suie et des vitesses dans une flamme de paroi verticale." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR059/document.
Full textThe fire growth and spread on a confined space depends on the inflammation and combustion of combustible materials. An important case is the fire propagation on a vertical wall configuration, in which the pyrolysis gas and the total heat flux released by the flame are coupled by convective and radiative heat flux from the flame to the wall. This kind of flame is piloted by the buoyancy forces, and is characterized by a low velocity regime and a strong generation of soot particles. Although numerous works have been devoted on the study of vertical wall flames, few have been carried out on the analysis of the flame within the reactive boundary layer and the study of the zones of production of soot particles, which is data necessary for fire simulation codes validation. In this aim, simultaneous measurements of velocity by Particle Image Velocity (PIV) and of soot volume fraction by planar laser induced incandescence (LII) have been carried out on vertical wall fire generated by a vertical porous burner fed with a CH4/C2H4 mixture. First, the characteristics of soot sheet (shape, size, thickness, and peak concentration) have been studied at different heights into the flame, as well as the average and RMS soot volume fraction fields. Then, average and RMS fields of velocity and their probability density function have been analyzed. A description of the reactive boundary layer, through the definition of a characteristic velocity scale in the near-wall zone (viscous sub-layer), has been carried out by using a « PIV Zoom » set-up. Finally, simultaneous LII/PIV measurements have been carried out in order to study the influence of the aerodynamics of the flow on the soot volume fraction distribution, as well as the transport and turbulent flux of soot into the reactive boundary layer
Bejaoui, Salma. "Etude spectroscopique des suies et de leurs précurseurs par incandescence et fluorescence induite par laser." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10145.
Full textIn this thesis, we used several techniques of analysis to determine the spectroscopic properties of soots and their precursors (the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: PAH); two types of quite different atmospheric flames were investigated: a premixed flat flame of methane (equivalence ratio: 2.1) and a jet diffusion flame of liquid hydrocarbons (methyl ester of rapeseed oil or diesel fuel). We coupled optical methods in-situ (incandescence and fluorescence induced by laser, extinction, measurement of the thermal radiation by pyrometry) and of soots sampling for analysis by transmission electronic microscopy. Firstly, the premixed flame was characterized in term of soot volume fraction profiles, of temperature of soots before and during the laser excitation and distributions of monomers soot size. Confrontation between the temporal decreases of LII signals experimental and modelled (in the case of a collaboration with NRC, Canada) made it possible to better determine the evolution of the absorption function of soots during their formation. Secondly, by a non-intrusive method, the ratio of the absorption function based on our method using two excitation wavelengths (1064 nm taken as a reference) was obtained directly for 266, 355, 532 and 660nm. To finish, the fluorescence induced by laser was applied to various excitation wavelengths to probe the fluorescence of the PAH along the flames, as well for the intensity and the spectral response. We showed that the HAP absorb and fluoresce from UV to 680 nm. This fluorescence is emitted by various families of PAH (from the smaller to the larger) when the wavelength of excitation increases. With an excitation in UV, we showed that the spectra of fluorescence are shifted towards the red. For an excitation in the visible, the spectra become centered on the laser wavelength at 532 nm and then after comprise a majoritary component “anti-Stokes” when the excitation tends to 680nm
Klein, Jennifer. "Effets de la combustion du noir de carbone sur l'adsorption des NOx sur un catalyseur quatre voies." Phd thesis, Université de Haute Alsace - Mulhouse, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00675633.
Full textBrugière, Edouard. "Le spectromètre thermophorétique circulaire, un nouvel instrument pour mesurer la thermophorèse : application aux agrégats de suies de morphologie fractale." Phd thesis, INSA de Rouen, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00788266.
Full textPesant, Laurie. "Elaboration d'un nouveau système catalytique à base de carbure de silicium (β-SiC) pour la combustion des suies issues des automobiles à moteur Diesel." Strasbourg 1, 2005. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2005/PESANT_Laurie_2005.pdf.
Full textThe use of Diesel engines has greatly increased over recent years due to their reliability, durability and efficiency that implies a low fuel consumption. However, Diesel engines emit a large amount of pollutants that are NOx and soot particles. This thesis is based on the development of platinum supported on -SiC foam for oxidising particulate matter in Diesel engine exhaust gases. This work was done in collaboration with Sicat which develops silicon carbide industrial scale production. The -SiC foam presents several advantages which are a high thermal conductivity, a high mechanical strength, a medium surface area, a lightness, a high tortuosity and an easily shaping compared to the classical material (-SiC) used in particulate filter. The performance of the catalyst (Pt/-SiC) has been evaluated first in the catalytic combustion of model carbon particles. Works have showed that the -SiC is an adequate support for the catalytic combustion of model Diesel carbon particles in a continuous mode without any apparent deactivation as compared to low surface area -SiC. The high resistance towards deactivation as a function of the combustion tests on the -SiC was attributed to its peculiar surface reactivity with the deposited platinum particles which allowed the accessibility of these sites to the reactants to be maintained. In addition the catalyst performance has been tested on a real bench test. These results indicate a high catalytic volume efficiency of the catalysed foam. The filtration and combustion capacity of such a catalyst reached about 50 to 70% in number of particles
Gallen, Lucien. "Prediction of soot particles in Gas Turbine Combustors using Large Eddy Simulation." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020INPT0058.
Full textExpected stringent legislation on particulate matter (PM) emission by gas turbine combustors is currently motivating considerable efforts to be better understand, model and predict soot formation. This complex phenomenon is very difficult to study in detail with experiment, and numerical simulation is an essential complementary tool. Considering that the chemistry of soot particles strongly depends on their size, the numerical prediction of soot formation requires the description of their size distribution. To do so, either Eulerian methods (sectional or moments) or stochastic Lagrangian approaches are reported in the literature. In the present work, a far more simple semi-deterministic Lagrangian approach is proposed. An accurate description of the gaseous phase including first Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons is also developed as a necessary input to detail soot model. The combination of reduced chemistries with Lagrangian soot tracking is applied to canonical laminar sooting flames, later to two complex configurations representative of an aeronautical combustors. The first one is the FIRST configuration, a gaseous confined pressurized swirled flame studied experimentally at DLR. Impact of precursors species and radiative transfers through the resolution of Radiative Transfer Equation (RTE). Good predictions are obtained compared to experiments for predicted temperature and soot volume fraction. The second target configuration is the UTIAS Jet A-1 burner and corresponds to a confined turbulent spray flame burning aviation jet fuel A-1 studied experimentally at UTIAS Toronto. LES of this configuration provides a qualitative and quantitative understanding of soot evolution in turbulent spray flames. Numerical predicted soot volume fraction using Lagrangian soot tracking and an ARC mechanism including pyrolysis method is compared to experimental measurements. Results show the ability of the proposed methodology relying on ARC chemistry for Jet A-1 including pyrolysis method and Lagrangian soot tracking, to predict accurately soot compared to available measurements
Roussillo, Mathieu. "Development of optical diagnostics for soot particles measurements and application to confined swirling premixed sooting flames under rich conditions." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLC060/document.
Full textThe control of soot particles production represents today a major industrial issue because of their harmful impact on both the climate and the human health and their strong contribution to the radiative transfers. To better understand and control the production of these polluting emissions, it is essential to improve our knowledge on this subject in a turbulent burner. The objective of this Ph.D. is to set up optical diagnostics for the study of turbulent flames and to experimentally characterize soot production in a new academic turbulent premixed combustion configuration while approaching industrial configurations, generally confined and swirled flows. For this, a laminar experimental configuration is first considered to validate the implementation of the Laser Induced Incandescence (LII) technique to measure the soot volume fraction fv. This burner designed at Yale University allows the stabilization of a laminar ethylene/air diffusion flame. This burner has been widely studied in the literature, so that it is possible to compare the quality of our measurements with the results of different international teams. Through collaborations with the UPMC, we calibrated the LII signal with the MAE (Modulated Absorption Emission) technique, making it possible to quantitatively measure fv and to compare the MAE and LII techniques. Finally, the burner was equipped with a loudspeaker to modulate the flow and to study the effects of a controlled perturbation on the soot production, thus approaching the unsteady phenomena characteristics of turbulent flows. Finally, the effects of the enlargement of the laser sheet on LII results were also investigated in order to be able to apply this diagnostic technique in an innovative large turbulent configuration. This experimental configuration, called EM2Soot, was developed to measure the production of soot in a turbulent swirled rich confined premixed ethylene/air flame. This burner makes it possible to independently quantify the effects of the equivalence ratio, the total flame power and the thermal environment on the total soot production. A representative operating point was then characterized, in parallel with LII measurements, Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and Laser Induced Phosphorescence (LIP) techniques have been employed in order to characterize the effect of the turbulence on soot production and to establish a database for the validation of future numerical simulations. Finally, the geometry of the burner has been modified allowing a different stabilization of the flame (V flame shape). A new operating point is then studied in order to highlight the role of the injector geometry on the stabilization of the flame and, consequently, on the total soot production
Schobing, Julie. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation de l’impact des biocarburants sur le fonctionnement des filtres à particules." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MULH1439.
Full textIn order to respect the European standards concerning exhaust gas pollutant emissions, heavy-duty frucks are now equipped with a complex post-freatment line whose durability have to be proven over 700 000 Because of the possible rarefaction of fossil fuels and of the increase of atmospheric pollution, the use of alternative fuel becomes necessary. In comparison to classic diesel fuel, biodiesel contains inorganic elements. Even though their presence is limited, they can interact with the post-freatment line catalysts and thus compromise their behavior in case of massive biodiesel use. The impact of biodiesel on particulate filter (DPF) operation was investigated. The study concerning the impact of K, Na and P on impregnated model diesel soot reactivity has shown that K and Na have a beneficial effect on both C-N02 and C-02 reactions. P has an inhibiting effect on C-02 but a sfrong catalytic impact on C-N02 reaction in presence of water. The analysis of real diesel soot has shown that biodiesel leads to less soot but which are more reactive. K- and P-doping of biodiesel has shown that these inorganic elements are directly reffieved in soot composition and significantly modify their reactivity. The study of soot oxidation in presence of a catalyst which is representative of a comrnercial DPF has shown that the stronger is the soot-catalyst contact, the sfronger is the catalyst efficiency. The presence of inorganic elements enhances the contact and thus the catalyst efficiency
Burot, Daria. "Transported probability density function for the numerical simulation of flames characteristic of fire." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0026/document.
Full textThe simulation of fire scenarios requires the numerical modeling of various complex process, particularly the gaseous combustion of hydrocarbons including soot production and radiative transfers in a turbulent. The turbulent nature of the flow induces interactions between these processes that need to be taken accurately into account. The purpose of this thesis is to implement a transported Probability Density function method to model these interactions precisely. In conjunction with the flamelet model, the Lindstedt model, and a wide-band correlated-k model, the composition joint-PDF transport equation is solved using the Stochastic Eulerian Fields method. The model is validated by simulating 12 turbulent jet flames covering a large range of Reynolds numbers and fuel sooting propensity. Model prediction are found to be in reasonable agreement with experimental data. Second, the effects of turbulence-radiation interactions (TRI) on soot emission are studied in details, showing that TRI tends to increase soot radiative emission due to temperature fluctuations, but that this increase is smaller for higher Reynolds numbers and higher soot loads. This is due to the negative correlation between soot absorption coefficient and the Planck function. Finally, the effects of taking into account the correlation between mixture fraction and enthalpy defect on flame structure and radiative characteristics are also studied on an ethylene flame, showing that it has weak effect on the mean flame structure but tends to inhibit both temperature fluctuations and radiative loss
Ifrah, Simon. "Synthèse de pérosckites La1-xAxBO3 (A = Sr, Ag, Ce ; B = Mn, Cr ; 0 ≤ x ≤ 0,2) par des méthodes conventionnelles ou assistées par micro-ondes pour la combustion catalytiue du méthane et des suies." Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10215.
Full textThe objective of this study was to develop and to optimize the preparation of La1-xAxBO3+δ perovskites catalysts (A = Sr, Ag, Ce; B = Mn or Cr; 0 ≤ x ≤ 0. 2) used for methane combustion. Catalysts were prepared, at atmospheric pressure or under pressure (hydrothermal conditions), by conventional methods (co-precipitation) and non conventional methods such as microwaves irradiation. The method of preparation has an important effect on the physico-chemical properties of the prepared catalysts and affects consequently their catalytic activity in methane combustion. The substitution of active elements (Sr, Ag, Ce) in the networks of LaMnO3 and LaCrO3 allows to lower considerably the light-off temperature (T50) of methane combustion. The lanthanum-chromium oxides system exists under various forms: LaCrO3, LaCr2O6, LaCrO3- La2O3 and LaCrO3-LaCr2O6 whose obtaining depends on the used mode of synthesis. The content of the secondary phase (LaCr2O6 or La2O3) is dependent on the atmosphere, the temperature and the duration of calcination used. These catalysts present different reducibility (mobility of the oxygen species) which affects their activity in methane or diesel soot combustion. However, LaCrO3 perovskite, prepared using hydrothermal method which was found to be hardly reducible and possessing a great BET surface area, leads to an important activity in diesel soot combustion (Tmax = 435°C) but shows low activity in methane combustion. All manganese based catalysts are affected by the poisoning by H2S, who provokes a decrease of the catalytic activity in combustion of the methane which is connected to the decrease of the number of the active sites. The latter remain, however noticeable in the case of the most active catalyst La0. 8Ag0. 2MnO3+δ prepared using microwaves assisted hydrothermal synthesis
Hernández, Vera Ignacio. "Soot modelling in flames and Large-Eddy Simulation of thermo-acoustic instabilities." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPT0134/document.
Full textIn the first part of the present PhD. thesis a methodology is presented that allows to predict the soot produced in one-dimensional academic flames, where a semi-empirical soot model is used in combination with a complex chemistry and a detailed radiation solver. The methodology is applied to the computation of soot in a set of ethylene/air counterflow diffusion flames. Several oxidation models are tested and the constants of the model were adjusted to retrieve the experimental results. Also, the effect of radiative losses on soot formation and the flame structure is evaluated. Finally, the performance of the soot model is evaluated on 1D premixed flames, where an alternative expression for the surface growth term is proposed to better reproduce the experimental findings. In the second part of the thesis, Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) and acoustic analysis tools are applied to the prediction of limit cycle oscillations (LCO) of a thermo-acoustic instability appearing in a partially premixed methane/air academic burner operating at atmospheric pressure. The LES captures well the appearance and development of the LCO and a good agreement is found between simulations and experiments in terms of amplitude and frequency of the LCO. Some light is shed on the mechanisms leading to the existence of such instability. Then, a preliminar uncertainty quantification (UQ) analysis is performed, where the effect on the features of the LCO of several computational parameters such as the inlets impedances, mesh refinement or heat losses is assessed. Also, the LES captures well the flame stability behaviour dependence on the operating point and the burner geometry
Boufflers, Damien. "Étude expérimentale et modélisation de la formation des suies et de leurs précurseurs en flamme de prémélange à différentes richesses : cas du n-butane." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10138/document.
Full textChemical structure of a laminar premixed sooting n-butane flame (nC4H10/O2/N2) operating at two equivalence ratio (Φ=2,16 and 2,32) has been investigated at atmospheric pressure. Acquisition of mole fraction profiles of stable species is accomplished by gas chromatography and infrared spectroscopy. The temperature profiles are obtained by Laser induced Fluorescence of nitric oxide. In this work, the developed mechanism contains 279 species involved in 1422 reversible reactions. The comparison between modelled and experimental profiles was used to validate the model and a good agreement was observed. The effect of equivalence ratio is well captured by the mechanism. The kinetic model was also tested on a wide range of operating conditions found in the literature (global and detailed data) and has been compared to other mechanism from the literature. Formations and consumptions kinetic schemes were established to highlight the reaction path of the first aromatic ring. Soot volume fractions are measured by Laser Induced Incandescence for the both equivalence ratio
Seltz, Andréa. "Application of deep learning to turbulent combustion modeling of real jet fuel for the numerical prediction of particulate emissions Direct mapping from LES resolved scales to filtered-flame generated manifolds using convolutional neural networks Solving the population balance equation for non-inertial particles dynamics using probability density function and neural networks: application to a sooting flame." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMIR08.
Full textWith the climate change emergency, pollutant and fuel consumption reductions are now a priority for aircraft industries. In combustion chambers, the chemistry and soot modeling are critical to correctly quantify engines soot particles and greenhouse gases emissions. This thesis aimed at improving aircraft numerical pollutant tools, in terms of computational cost and prediction level, for engines high fidelity simulations. It was achieved by enhancing chemistry reduction tools, allowing to predict CO emissions of an aircraft engines at affordable cost for the industry. Next, a novel closure model for unresolved terms in the LES filtered transport equations is developed, based on neural networks (NN), to propose a better flame modeling. Then, an original soot model for engine high fidelity simulations is presented, also based on NN. This new model is applied to a one-dimensional premixed sooted flame, and finally to an industrial combustion chamber LES with measured soot comparison
Mahjoubi, Hedi. "Contribution au développement de la pyrométrie polychromatique en combustion diesel." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1991. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/TH_T1420_hmahjoubi.pdf.
Full textKeller, Michel. "Development of a multi-scale approach using chemical kinetics and reactive force field molecular dynamics to model soot formation and oxidation." Thesis, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019IPPAE005.
Full textIn the present study bond formation reactions between soot precursors and their role in the soot inception process is investigated. The soot precursors were generated in macroscopic detailed gas-phase kinetic calculations and according to certain criteria introduced in simulation boxes to model bond formation between soot precursor molecules with reactive force field molecular dynam-ics modeling. The impacts of temperature, fuel mixture and equivalence ratio have been investigated on the rate and structure of the newly formed molecules. The resulting structures compare well to previously reported experimental results. Furthermore, the bond formation rate between PAH is found to be linearly correlated with the temperature at which the PAH precursors are generated, while fuel and equivalence ratio do not have a direct impact on the reaction rate. The generated growth structures are lumped in: 1) directly linked, 2) aliphatically linked and 3) pericondensed polycyclic hydrocarbons. It is found that the amount of aliphatically linked PAH increases with the amount of aliphatic content of fuel mixture. Finally, a reaction scheme is presented displaying the most representative reaction pathways to form growth structures in each lumping class and their eventual intercon-version. The present work – that applies a combined approach of macroscopic gas-phase kinetic calculations and atomistic reactive force field simulations – offers a good alternative to obtain structural differences of nascent soot for a broad range of thermodynamic conditions and detailed reaction mechanisms for soot inception process
Keita, Mamady. "Modeling of soot particles nucleation from combustion processes." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10145/document.
Full textTo better control soot particles emission and minimize their health and environmental effects, it is crucial to better understand their formation mechanisms in particularly combustion processes. The first step of these particulates matter formation is their precursors PAH (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons) formation, followed by the nucleation process which links the gas-phase (PAH chemistry) and solid-phase (particles). In the first part of this work, we developed a new detailed chemical kinetic mechanism describing accurately both low and high-temperature ignition and combustion of a wide range of liquid transportation and laboratory fuels as well as the formation of PAH up to coronene, suspected to be major soot precursors. In the second part of this work, a sectional soot model is used with the developed kinetic mechanism in order to investigate soot particles nucleation mechanisms in reproducing experimental data tendencies (soot volume fractions and particles diameters). This couple of kinetic and soot models is run on the detailed kinetic solver Cantera in order to solve both the gas and disperse solid phases in steady laminar flame conditions. The soot model used with the developed detailed kinetic mechanism is validated over premixed laminar methane, ethylene and n-butane flames at various equivalence ratios. Homomolecular and Heteromolecular dimerizations of modest size of PAHs from pyrene to coronene (mass of monomer ranging from 200 to 300 amu) have been considered for particle nucleation modeling
Kashif, Muhammad. "Measurement of sooting tendencies of alternative fuels : application to primary reference fuels." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066258.
Full textAn optical diagnostics layout is designed and validated to measure soot volume fraction in methane/air diffusion flames doped with vapors of liquid hydrocarbons. Soot volume fraction is inferred from the inversion of integrated light extinction data using an Onion-peeling algorithm stabilized by a Tikhonov regularization method. This measurement is then converted into apparatus-independent Yield Sooting Index (YSI). The method has been applied to compare the sooting tendencies of PRFs in doped axisymmetric diffusion flames when keeping the concentration or energy of injected vapors constant. A second-order correlation modeling the variation of YSI with the mole fraction of iso-octane in PRF mixture and the proportion of carbon dioxide in the co-flowing oxidizer has been established using least-squares non-linear data-fitting to experimental data. These studies performed on laboratory flames and the results obtained are of practical importance and can be used to predict the sooting behavior of fuels under practical combustion environment
Legros, Guillaume. "Etude du comportement radiatif d'une flamme de diffusion établie en micropesanteur." Poitiers, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003POIT2297.
Full textThis study is a contribution to a project aiming to characterize a fire spreading in weightlessness. An ethylene burner across which an airflow leads to boundary layer type conditions is used. First experimental results show the high sensitivity of the flame radiative emission to the airflow velocity and the soot key-role. Gas contribution to the flame emission is computed and qualitatively fit with experimental data. Because of the need in a reliable numerical model of soot production, a phenomenological model, based on a theoretical analysis, is suggested in order to estimate this production dependency in airflow and fuel velocities, which are this configuration parameters. Eventually, this model reveals two different regimes where soot either inhibits or enhances the combustion
Ayranci, Kilinç Işil. "A nonintrusive diagnostics technique for flame soot based on near-infrared emission spectrometry." Lyon, INSA, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ISAL0037.
Full textUne méthodologie originale de diagnostique des suies a été développée, validée et mise en œuvre pour la détermination in-situ de la température, la fraction volumique et l'indice de réfraction des agrégats de suie formés dans les flammes, en utilisant la spectrométrie d'émission dans le proche infrarouge. Les travaux ont été conduits en trois parties. La première a concerné le développement et la validation d'un modèle direct complet de simulation de l'émission radiative des flammes sur une ligne de visée. Les propriétés radiatives des agrégats de suie ont été étudiées en validant expérimentalement la méthode DDA avec des mesures micro-ondes et en l'utilisant ensuite pour évaluer l'applicabilité de l'approximation RDG-FA. La deuxième partie a impliqué l'analyse expérimentale de l'émission radiative de flammes de diffusion éthylène/air en mettant en œuvre la spectrométrie à Transformée de Fourier dans le Proche Infra-Rouge. La mesure des flux de rayonnement émis sur une ligne de visée a été réalisée en conjonction avec une analyse de l'étalonnage, du bruit, des incertitudes et de la reproductibilité. La dernière partie a consisté en le développement, l'évaluation et l'application d'une méthodologie d'inversion qui a pour données d'entrée les spectres d'émission de flammes optiquement minces, élimine le bruit, identifie l'indice de réfraction des suies à partir des gradients spectraux et fournit la température et la fraction volumique par reconstruction tomographique. La validation avec des données simulées et une application aux spectres mesurés indiquent que la méthodologie proposée est prometteuse pour le diagnostic non intrusif des suies dans les flammes