Journal articles on the topic 'Suicide'
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1
González Gómez, Esther, and María Crespo López. "Revisión sistemática de la relación entre sintomatología postraumática y conductas suicidas." Revista de Psicopatología y Psicología Clínica 27, no. 1 (April 28, 2022): 73–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/rppc.27757.
Abstract:
Systematic review of the relationship between post-traumatic symptomatology and suicidal behavior Abstract: Evidence has consistently demonstrated the relationship between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and suicide. However, there is little research related to the differential relationships between the PTSD symptom clusters (avoidance, re-experiencing, hyperarousal and negative alterations in cognitions and mood) and risk and suicidal behavior. The present systematic review studies the relationship between these post-traumatic symptom clusters and suicidal behavior (suicidal ideation and suicide attempts). The review includes 20 articles from the databases PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES and Web of Science. Results indicate that hyperarousal significantly predicts suicidal ideation in 53.33% and suicide attempts in 42.85% of the studies reviewed. Reduction of hyperarousal symptoms should be considered a priority objective in the development of therapeutic interventions to reduce suicide risk in people with post-traumatic conditions or diagnosed with PTSD. Key words: PTSD; hyperarousal symptoms; suicidal ideation; suicide attempt; systematic review. Resumen: Existe evidencia contrastada de la relación entre el trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT) y el suicidio. No obstante, existen pocas investigaciones sobre las relaciones diferenciales entre los grupos de síntomas de TEPT (evitación, re-experimentación, hiperactivación y alteraciones negativas cognitivas y del estado de ánimo [ANCE]) y la conducta suicida. La presente revisión sistemática estudia la relación entre estos grupos de síntomas postraumáticos y la conducta suicida (ideación e intentos suicidas). La revisión incluye 20 artículos procedentes de las bases de datos PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES y Web of Science. Los resultados apuntan que la hiperactivación predice de forma significativa la ideación suicida en el 53.33% de los estudios revisados y los intentos de suicidio en el 42.85% de los mismos. La reducción de los síntomas de hiperactivación debe considerarse un objetivo prioritario en la elaboración de intervenciones terapéuticas para reducir el riesgo suicida en personas con cuadros postraumáticos o diagnóstico de TEPT. Palabras clave: TEPT; hiperactivación; ideación suicida; intentos de suicidio; revisión sistemática.
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Sánchez-Teruel, David, José Antonio Muela-Martínez, and Ana García-León. "Variables de riesgo y protección relacionadas con la tentativa de suicidio." Revista de Psicopatología y Psicología Clínica 23, no. 3 (February 5, 2019): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/rppc.vol.23.num.3.2018.19106.
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Abstract: Risk and protection variables related to suicidal attempt. Suicide is an important public health problem, being the suicidal attempt the most predictive behavior of completed suicide. The aim of this study was to detect if there are differences in psychosocial and emotional variables in people with and without suicidal ideation and attempt. The sample consisted of 166 participants (86.36% women), aged between 20 and 77 years (M= 36, SD= 14.12) with and without suicide attempts, which was in turn divided into three groups through the Scale of Suicidal Ideation. The results show that there are important differences between the three groups in the psychological variables measured. We discuss the role of psychosocial variables, which are at the base of the increased risk or protection towards the ideation or suicidal attempt, to promote public suicide prevention policies more focused on those clinical subpopulations with specific risk profiles.Resumen: El suicidio es un importante problema de salud pública, siendo la tentativa de suicidio la conducta más predictiva del suicidio consumado. Mediante el presente estudio se pretende detectar si existen diferencias en variables psicosociales y emocionales en personas con y sin ideación y tentativa suicida. La muestra estuvo constituida por 166 participantes (86.36 % mujeres), con edades comprendidas entre los 20 y 77 años (M= 36; DT= 14.12) con y sin tentativas suicidas, que fue a su vez dividida en tres grupos a través de la Escala de Ideación Suicida. Los resultados muestran que existen importantes diferencias entre los tres grupos en las variables psicológicas medidas. Se discute el papel de las variables psicosociales, que están en la base del incremento del riesgo o protección hacia la ideación o tentativa suicida, para propiciar políticas públicas de prevención del suicidio más centradas en aquellas subpoblaciones clínicas con perfiles de riesgo concretos.
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Sorjonen, Kimmo. "For Whom is Suicide Accepted: The Dependency Effect." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 46, no. 2 (March 2003): 137–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/ttyd-hj3g-hpy0-t9lu.
Abstract:
Research has found that people accept some suicides more than others. The present study examined whether attitudes toward a person's suicide are affected by the suicide's gender or marital status, and whether the suicide is a parent or childless. Respondents read one of eight fictitious suicide case stories, in which the above-mentioned variables were manipulated, and then completed the Suicide Attitudes and Attribution Scale (SAAS). It was found that female and male respondents differed in their attitudes toward a person's suicidal behavior to some degree. A parent's suicide was viewed more negatively than a suicide by a childless person. A tendency for respondents to express more respect for a suicide of their own gender was also detected. It is discussed whether differences in acceptance of suicide can be associated with actual suicide rates.
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Castro, Ramon Azevedo Silva de, Éllen Bárbara Padilha, Cássia Maria Dias, and Nadja Cristiane Lappann Botti. "Vulnerabilidades da população em situação de rua ao comportamento suicida." Revista de Enfermagem UFPE on line 13, no. 2 (February 9, 2019): 431. http://dx.doi.org/10.5205/1981-8963-v13i2a237023p431-437-2019.
Abstract:
RESUMOObjetivo: compreender as vulnerabilidades de adultos em situação de rua ao comportamento suicida. Método: trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, descritivo, realizado com oito pessoas em situação de rua com história de tentativa de suicídio. Fez-se a coleta de dados por meio de entrevista, e os resultados a partir da técnica de Análise de Conteúdo na modalidade Análise Categorial. Resultados: entende-se que as categorias geradas a partir da análise temática dos dados foram os contextos de vulnerabilidade à ideação suicida, tentativa de suicídio e suicídio para pessoas em situação de rua. Observou-se que os entrevistados acreditam que o comportamento suicida ocorre na população em situação de rua em função da tristeza, sofrimento, desesperança, uso problemático de álcool e/ou outras drogas, doenças e falta de fé. Conclusão: expõem-se os adultos em situação de rua a constantes e diversas situações de vulnerabilidades ao comportamento suicida. Descritores: Pessoas em Situação de Rua; Vulnerabilidade em Saúde; Suicídio; Ideação Suicida; Tentativa de Suicídio; Saúde Mental. ABSTRACT Objective: to understand the vulnerabilities of street adults to suicidal behavior. Method: this is a qualitative, descriptive study carried out with eight street persons with a history of attempted suicide. Data was collected through an interview, and the results were obtained from the Content Analysis technique in the Categorical Analysis modality. Results: it is understood that the categories generated from the thematic analysis of the data were contexts of vulnerability to suicidal ideation, suicide attempt and suicide for street people. It was observed that the interviewees believe that suicidal behavior occurs in the street population due to sadness, suffering, and hopelessness, problematic use of alcohol and / or other drugs, illness and lack of faith. Conclusion: the adults in the street situation are exposed to constant and diverse situations of vulnerability to suicidal behavior. Descriptors: Homeless People; Vulnerability in Health; Suicide; Suicidal Ideation; Suicide attempt; Mental health. RESUMEN Objetivo: comprender las vulnerabilidades de los adultos en situación de calle al comportamiento suicida. Método: se trata de un estudio cualitativo, descriptivo, realizado con ocho personas en situación de calle con historia de intento de suicidio. Se hizo la recolección de datos por medio de entrevista, y los resultados a partir de la técnica de Análisis de Contenido en la modalidad Análisis Categorial. Resultados: se entiende que las categorías generadas a partir del análisis temático de los datos fueron los contextos de vulnerabilidad a la ideación suicida, intento de suicidio y suicidio para personas en situación de calle. Se observó que los entrevistados creen que el comportamiento suicida ocurre en la población en situación de calle en función de la tristeza, sufrimiento, desesperanza, uso problemático de alcohol y / u otras drogas, enfermedades y falta de fe. Conclusión: se exponen los adultos en situación de calle a constantes y diversas situaciones de vulnerabilidades al comportamiento suicida. Descriptores: Personas sin Hogar; Vulnerabilidad em Salud; Suicidio; Ideación Suicida; Intento de Suicidio; Salude Mental.
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Pedreira, Jose Luis. "Conductas suicidas en la adolescencia: Una guía práctica para la intervención y la prevención." Revista de Psicopatología y Psicología Clínica 24, no. 3 (January 29, 2020): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/rppc.26280.
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Abstract: Suicidal behavior in adolescence: A practical guide for intervention and prevention. In Spain, suicide rates have increased over the last ten years. The increase has been particularly significant among adolescents. This paper realizes a conceptual update of suicidal behavior, following WHO criteria. A review is carried out of the risk factors for suicidal behavior in adolescence, both biological, psychological and social, differentiating between concurrent causes, precipitating causes and underlying psychopathological process. In particular, a review of the concept of suicidal ideation in adolescence is carried out, as an entry key to develop early intervention and preventive intervention activities. Finally, a protocol is created for intervention and prevention from social, media, school, family and health systems, including intervention by hospital emergency services. Keywords: Suicide; adolescence; suicidal ideation; early intervention; prevention.Resumen: En España las tasas de suicidio han tenido un incremento durante los últimos diez años. Ese incremento ha sido particularmente significativo en la etapa de la adolescencia. En el presente trabajo se realiza una actualización conceptual de las conductas suicidas, siguiendo los criterios de OMS. Se realiza una revisión de los factores de riesgo hacia la conducta suicida en la adolescencia, tanto los biológicos, como los psicológicos y sociales, diferenciando entre causas concurrentes, causas precipitantes, causas desencadenantes y proceso psicopatológico subyacente. De forma particular se realiza una revisión del concepto de ideación suicida en la adolescencia, como llave de entrada para desarrollar actividades de intervención precoz y de tipo preventivo. Finalmente se realiza un protocolo para la intervención y la prevención desde los sistemas social, mediático, escolar, familiar y sanitario, incluyendo la intervención desde los servicios de urgencia hospitalaria. Palabras clave: Suicidio; adolescencia; ideación suicida; intervención precoz; prevención
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Mohammad Nurunnabi, Monowar Ahmad Tarafdar, Afroza Begum, Sultana Jahan, and A F M Rezaul Islam. "Adolescent suicide and suicidal behavior: a review." Z H Sikder Women’s Medical College Journal 3, Number 2 (July 1, 2021): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.47648/zhswmcj.2021.v0302.08.
Abstract:
Suicide among adolescent has emerged as a major public health issue in many low and middle-income (LAMI) countries. Suicidal behavior including ideation and attempt are the most important predictors of completed suicide and offer critical points for intervention. This article reviews recent population and national data based studies of adolescent suicide and suicide attempters for analyzing risk factors for adolescent suicide and suicidal behavior. According to WHO estimates, 800,000 suicide deaths occurred worldwide in 2016 and it is the third leading cause of death for 15-19 year olds. The suicide rate in Bangladesh was 5.9 per 100,000 population in 2016 (4.7 for males and 7.0 for females). Approximately, 90 percent of suicide cases meet criteria for a psychiatric disorder, particularly major depression, substance abuse and prior suicide attempts are strongly related to adolescent suicides. The relationship between psychiatric disorders and adolescent suicide is now well established. Factors related to family adversity, social alienation and precipitating problems also contribute to the risk of suicide. The main target of effective prevention of adolescent suicides is to reduce suicide risk factors. Recognition and effective management and control of psychiatric disorders, e.g. depression, are essential in preventing adolescent suicides. Research on the treatment of diagnosed depressive disorders and of those with suicidal behavior is reviewed.
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Scheftner, William A., Michael A. Young, Jean Endicott, William Coryell, Louis Fogg, David C. Clark, and Jan Fawcett. "Family History and Five-year Suicide Risk." British Journal of Psychiatry 153, no. 6 (December 1988): 805–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.153.6.805.
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Family history was examined to determine whether suicide in index patients is associated with suicidal behaviour or mental disorder in their first-degree relatives. Twenty-seven suicides occurred within 5½ years among 955 affectively disordered probands. Among 5042 proband relatives aged 18 years and older, 44 had committed suicide prior to proband entry to the study; however, only one was the relative of a proband suicide. Only two of the relatives who committed suicide were themselves related. As to attempted suicide of relatives, neither the number of attempts nor the severity of attempt was predictive of suicide in probands. Comparison of diagnosis between groups of relatives showed more drug abuse among relatives of proband suicides; this appears to be related to drug abuse among the proband suicides themselves. In contrast to the clustering of suicides within biological families found in other research, these data do not support the use of family history as a clinically useful indicator of suicidal potential in affectively disordered probands.
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Vinagre, Maria Fernanda, Antônia Lêda Oliveira Silva, Maria Lucrécia de Aquino Gouveia, and Suelane Renata de Andrade Silva. "Comportamento suicida em idosos residentes em instituições de longa permanência: revisão integrativa." Revista Recien - Revista Científica de Enfermagem 11, no. 35 (September 23, 2021): 480–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.24276/rrecien2021.11.35.480-492.
Abstract:
O objetivo deste artigo é identificar o comportamento suicida em idosos residentes em Instituições de Longa Permanência disponíveis na literatura. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa com busca nas bases de dados: CINAHL, MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, BVS e Cochrane Library. Utilizando os descritores: Suicídio, Tentativa de Suicídio, Ideação Suicida, Instituições de Longa Permanência para Idosos. Os critérios de inclusão foram: artigos científicos de dados primários, que abordassem algum tipo de comportamento suicida em idosos institucionalizados, disponíveis na íntegra eletronicamente, sem recorte temporal, publicados em qualquer idioma. Após a leitura dos 16 artigos filtrados, emergiram três temáticas: a) fatores de risco; b) fatores de proteção; e c) fatores organizacionais. Percebe-se que o ambiente asilar não está protegido contra o comportamento suicida e muitas vezes atuando como fator de risco. A religião e um confidente podem agir como fatores de proteção e uma equipe treinada atua na prevenção do suicídio.Descritores: Suicídio, Tentativa de Suicídio, Ideação Suicida, Instituições de Longa Permanência, Idoso. Suicidal behavior of elderly residents in long-term care: integrative reviewAbstract: The scope of this article is to identify suicidal behavior in elderly residents of long-term care institutions available in the literature. It is an Integrative Review with a search in the databases: CINAHL, MEDILINE, Scopus, Web of Science, BVS and Cochrane Library. Using the descriptors: Suicide, Suicide Attempted, Suicidal Ideation, Home for the Aged. The inclusion criteria were: scientific articles from primary data, which addressed some type of suicidal behavior in Home for the Aged, available in full electronically, without time frame, publish in any language. After reading the 16 filtered articles, three themes emerged: a) risk factors; b) protective factors; and c) organizational factors. It is noticed that the home environment is not protected against suicidal behavior and often as a risk factor. Religion and a confidant can act as protective factors, and a trained team acts in the prevention of suicide.Descriptors: Suicide, Suicide Attempt, Suicidal Ideation, Home for the Aged, Aged. Comportamiento suicidio en residentes ancianos en instituciones de larga estancia: revisión integrativaResumen: El objetivo de este artículo es identificar la conducta suicida en ancianos residentes de Instituciones de Cuidados a Largo Plazo disponibles en la literatura. Se trata de una revisión integradora con una búsqueda en las bases de datos: CINAHL, MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, BVS y Cochrane Library. Utilizando los descriptores: Suicidio, Intento de Suicidio, Ideación Suicida, Hogares para Ancianos. Los criterios de inclusión fueron: artículos científicos a partir de datos primarios, que abordaran algún tipo de conducta suicida en ancianos institucionalizados, disponibles en su totalidad de forma electrónica, sin marco temporal, publicados en cualquier idioma. Después de leer los 16 artículos filtrados, surgieron tres temas: a) factores de riesgo; b) factores protectores; y c) factores organizacionales. Se observa que el entorno del hogar no está protegido contra la conducta suicida y, a menudo, actúa como factor de riesgo. La religión y un confidente pueden actuar como factores protectores y un equipo capacitado actúa para prevenir el suicidio.Descriptores: Suicidio, Intento de Suicidio, Ideación Suicida, Hogares para Ancianos, Anciano.
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Ruder, Thomas D., Gary M. Hatch, Garyfalia Ampanozi, Michael J. Thali, and Nadja Fischer. "Suicide Announcement on Facebook." Crisis 32, no. 5 (September 1, 2011): 280–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000086.
Abstract:
Background: The media and the Internet may be having an influence on suicidal behavior. Online social networks such as Facebook represent a new facet of global information transfer. The impact of these online social networks on suicidal behavior has not yet been evaluated. Aims: To discuss potential effects of suicide notes on Facebook on suicide prevention and copycat suicides, and to create awareness among health care professionals. Methods: We present a case involving a suicide note on Facebook and discuss potential consequences of this phenomenon based on literature found searching PubMed and Google. Results: There are numerous reports of suicide notes on Facebook in the popular press, but none in the professional literature. Online social network users attempted to prevent planned suicides in several reported cases. To date there is no documented evidence of a copycat suicide, directly emulating a suicide announced on Facebook. Conclusions: Suicide notes on online social networks may allow for suicide prevention via the immediate intervention of other network users. But it is not yet clear to what extent suicide notes on online social networks actually induce copycat suicides. These effects deserve future evaluation and research.
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Silva, Rodrigo Sousa, Rafael de Almeida Machado, Layanne Santos Carneiro, Guilherme Henrique Moreira Azevedo, Fernando Tranqueira Silva, Clarissa Bezerra Nunes de Sá, Gabriel da Silva Oliveira, and Erminiana Damiani De Mendonça. "FATORES DE RISCO ASSOCIADOS AO SUICÍDIO NA ADOLESCÊNCIA: UM REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA NO PERÍODO DE 2004 A 2019." Revista de Patologia do Tocantins 6, no. 2 (June 9, 2019): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.20873/uft.2446-6492.2019v6n2p50.
Abstract:
Introdução: O suicídio na adolescência constitui-se num importante problema de saúde pública mundial e, é desencadeado por diversos fatores socioeconômicos e culturais. Trata-se de uma doença incapacitante visto que são graves e negativos os impactos psicossociais que decorrem das tentativas de suicídio tanto para o indivíduo, quanto para seus familiares. O estudo objetiva descrever os principais fatores de risco associados ao suicídio na adolescência, presentes na literatura. Método: É um estudo de revisão integrativa realizado a partir de dados secundários obtidos, por meio de busca de artigos no período de 2004 a 2019, acessando as bases de dados Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PubMed. Resultados e discussão: A maioria dos estudos apontam que as mu¬lheres estão mais propensas à ideação suicida e os homens, à prática do ato suicida. Os principais estudos sobre o tema indicam a depressão como sendo o principal fator de gatilho que impulsiona uma mudança de ideação suicida para um intento suicida. Pesquisas sugerem que a automutilação não suicida é um preditor robusto de futuras tentativas de suicídio; no entanto, automutilação não-suicida raramente tem sido considerada dentro de uma estrutura de ideação para ação. Abuso de substâncias psicoativas e, problemas nos núcleos familiar e escolar configuram fortes preditores de comportamento suicida entre os adolescentes. Conclusão: O suicídio é um fenômeno complexo que traz consequências negativas não só para família da vítima, mas também para o meio social no qual o adolescente está inserido. As adversidades da infância (especialmente as violências físicas e abusos sexuais) são poderosos indicadores do início e persistência de comportamentos suicidas. Logo, a escola, principal local em que adolescente convive, tem papel estratégico para a promoção e proteção da saúde dos alunos em conjunto com ações governamentais de apoio à prevenção do suicídio.
Palavras-chave: autolesão não suicida; Suicídio; Tentativas de suicídio; Adolescência, fatores para suicídio.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: The suicide in the adolescence consist in an important problem of world public health, and is triggered by several socioeconomic and cultural factors. It is an incapacitating disease since the psychosocial impacts resulting from suicide attempts are serious and negative. This study aims to describe the main risk factors associated with suicide in adolescence, present in the literature. Method: This is an integrative review study based on secondary data obtained through the search of articles from 2004 to 2019, by accessing the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), Latin American and Caribbean Literature databases Health Sciences (LILACS), Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PubMed. Results and discussion: Most studies indicate that women are more prone to suicidal ideation and men suicidal acts. Major studies on the subject indicate that depression is the main trigger factor that drives a shift from suicidal ideation to a suicidal attempt. Research suggests that non-suicidal self-mutilation is a robust predictor of future suicide attempts; however, non-suicidal self-mutilation has rarely been considered within a framework of ideation for action. Abuse of psychoactive substance and problems in the family and school nuclei are strong predictors of suicidal behavior among adolescents. Conclusion: Suicide is a complex phenomenon that has negative consequences not only for the victim’s family but also for the social environment in which the adolescent is inserted. The adversities of childhood (especially physical violence and sexual abuse) are powerful indicators of the onset and persistence of suicidal behavior. Therefore, the school, the main place where adolescents live, plays a strategic role in promoting and protecting students’ health in conjunction with government actions to support suicide prevention.
Key-words: non suicide self-injury; Suicide; Suicide attempts; Adolescence, factors for suicide.
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Yamamoto, Mana, Mai Sakai, Zhiqian Yu, Miharu Nakanishi, and Hatsumi Yoshii. "Glial Markers of Suicidal Behavior in the Human Brain—A Systematic Review of Postmortem Studies." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 11 (May 25, 2024): 5750. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25115750.
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Suicide is a major public health priority, and its molecular mechanisms appear to be related to glial abnormalities and specific transcriptional changes. This study aimed to identify and synthesize evidence of the relationship between glial dysfunction and suicidal behavior to understand the neurobiology of suicide. As of 26 January 2024, 46 articles that met the inclusion criteria were identified by searching PubMed and ISI Web of Science. Most postmortem studies, including 30 brain regions, have determined no density or number of total Nissl-glial cell changes in suicidal patients with major psychiatric disorders. There were 17 astrocytic, 14 microglial, and 9 oligodendroglial studies using specific markers of each glial cell and further on their specific gene expression. Those studies suggest that astrocytic and oligodendroglial cells lost but activated microglia in suicides with affective disorder, bipolar disorders, major depression disorders, or schizophrenia in comparison with non-suicided patients and non-psychiatric controls. Although the data from previous studies remain complex and cannot fully explain the effects of glial cell dysfunction related to suicidal behaviors, they provide risk directions potentially leading to suicide prevention.
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L. BEAUTRAIS, ANNETTE. "Suicides and serious suicide attempts: two populations or one?" Psychological Medicine 31, no. 5 (July 2001): 837–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291701003889.
Abstract:
Background. Few studies have examined the extent to which populations of suicides and attempted suicides are similar, or different. This paper compares suicides and serious suicide attempts in terms of known risk factors for suicidal behaviour.Methods. Using case–control methodology, risk factors for suicidal behaviour were examined in 202 individuals who died by suicide, 275 individuals who made medically serious suicide attempts and 984 randomly selected control subjects. Based on data from significant others, measures used spanned sociodemographic factors, childhood experiences, psychiatric morbidity and psychiatric history, exposure to recent stressful life events and social interaction.Results. Multiple logistic regression identified the following risk factors that were common to suicide and serious suicide attempts: current mood disorder; previous suicide attempts; prior out-patient psychiatric treatment; admission to psychiatric hospital within the previous year; low income; a lack of formal educational qualifications; exposure to recent stressful interpersonal, legal and work-related life events. Suicides and suicide attempts were distinguished in the following ways: suicides were more likely to be male (OR = 1·9, 95% CI 1·1, 3·2); older (OR = 1·03, 95% CI 1·02, 1·04); and to have a current diagnosis of non-affective psychosis (OR = 8·5, 95% CI 2·0, 35·9). Suicide attempts were more likely than suicides to have a current diagnosis of anxiety disorder (OR = 3·5, 95% CI 1·6, 7·8) and to be socially isolated (OR = 2·0, 95% CI 1·2, 3·5). These findings were confirmed by discriminant function analysis, which identified two functions that described the three subject groups: the first function discriminated the two suicide groups from control subjects on a dimension corresponding to risk factors for suicide; the second function discriminated suicide from suicide attempt subjects on a series of factors including gender, non-affective psychosis and anxiety disorder.Conclusions. Suicides and medically serious suicide attempts are two overlapping populations that share common psychiatric diagnostic and history features, but are distinguished by gender and patterning of psychiatric disorder.
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Lee, Sang-Uk, Mina Jeon, and Jong-Ik Park. "A Comparison of Attitudes Toward Suicide Among Individuals With and Without Suicidal Thoughts and Suicide Attempts in South Korea." Crisis 40, no. 1 (January 2019): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000528.
Abstract:
Abstract. Background: A suicidal person can go through different stages that include suicidal thoughts and suicide attempts. For a few individuals, these can end up with suicide. However, there have been no studies investigating any differences in attitudes toward suicides among individuals with no suicidal thoughts, those with suicidal thoughts, and those with suicide attempts. Aims: This study was carried out to compare attitudes toward suicide among three different groups: individuals with a history of no suicidal thoughts, those with a history of suicidal thoughts, and those with a history of suicide attempts. Method: To examine Koreans' attitudes toward suicide, we analyzed the data from the 2013 National Suicide Survey involving 1,500 participants aged between 19 and 75 years. Results: Different attitudes toward suicide were found among the three groups. Persons reporting that they had made a suicide attempt in their life showed the most permissive attitudes toward suicide. Limitations: Since this research is based on cross-sectional data, it is difficult to eliminate the possibility of changes in attitude toward suicide completely after having a suicidal thought and suicide attempt. Conclusion: These results can be a useful source for constructing effective messages for suicide prevention campaigns and can ultimately contribute to an improvement in the public's perceptions of suicide in the future.
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Benavides Mora, Vanessa Katherine, Nixon Giovanny Villota Melo, and Fredy Hernán Villalobos Galvis. "Conducta suicida en Colombia: Una revisión sistemática." Revista de Psicopatología y Psicología Clínica 24, no. 3 (January 29, 2020): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/rppc.24251.
Abstract:
Abstract: Suicide behavior in Colombia: A systematic review. The objective of the review was to synthesize the findings about suicide in Colombia between 2004 and 2018. Eighty-eight studies were included in the review. It is noted that most studies focus on risk factors such as depression, psychoactive substance use and family dysfunction; and only few are interested in protective factors, among which family functionality and high self-esteem are prominent; moreover, the statistical models used are mostly descriptive and studies are not based on theoretical models on suicide. Finally, some lines of research are proposed, such as deepening the theoretical models and statistical analyses used, realizing longitudinal studies and proposing intervention strategies that guide future scientific exercises in the area. Keywords: Suicide; suicidal ideation; suicidal intention; Colombia; systematic review. Resumen: El objetivo de la revisión fue sintetizar los hallazgos acerca del suicidio en Colombia entre los años 2004 a 2018. Se incluyeron 88 trabajos en esta revisión. Se destaca que la mayoría de estudios se centran en factores de riesgo como depresión, consumo de sustancias psicoactivas y disfunción familiar; y solo algunos se interesan en factores protectores, entre los que se destacan la funcionalidad familiar y la alta autoestima; además, se encontró que los modelos estadísticos empleados son en su mayoría de tipo descriptivo y los estudios no están basados en modelos teóricos sobre el suicidio. Finalmente, se proponen algunas líneas de trabajo como la profundización de modelos teóricos y análisis estadísticos empleados, la realización de estudios longitudinales y proponer estrategias de intervención, que orienten futuros ejercicios científicos en el área.Palabras clave: Suicidio; ideación suicida; intención suicida; Colombia; revisión sistemática.
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Shah, Ajit K., and Thirunavakarasu Ganesvaran. "Inpatient Suicides in an Australian Mental Hospital." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 31, no. 2 (April 1997): 291–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679709073834.
Abstract:
Objective: Suicide rates among psychiatric inpatients are higher than in the general population. Mental health professionals are poor at predicting suicide risk. Method: One hundred and three inpatient suicides, over a 21-year period, in a large psychiatric hospital in Melbourne were examined. The characteristics, including demographic and clinical data, for 60 of these suicides were compared with a matched comparison group stratified for the time of admission. Violent methods (including jumping in front of trains, trams and road traffic, jumping off buildings, hanging and drowning) were most frequently used. Results: Over one-third of the suicides occurred during periods of approved leave and a similar number occurred after absconding from the hospital. Suicide was associated with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, increased duration of admission, more frequent prescription of neuroleptics and antidepressants, previous deliberate self-harm, suicidal ideation at the time of admission and during the admission, suicide attempts during the admission, unstable (fluctuating) suicidal ideation during the admission and a greater number of ward transfers. Conclusions: Psychiatric units should be developed away from readily available methods of suicide. Patients with previous or intra-admission suicidal ideation or attempts, or unstable suicidal ideation, should be carefully observed to avoid absconding. Suicide risk should be carefully evaluated in such patients prior to approving periods of leave.
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Valko, Nancy. "Why are Suicide Rates Climbing after Years of Decline?" Linacre Quarterly 84, no. 2 (May 2017): 108–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00243639.2016.1221305.
Abstract:
There is evidence that the increasing rates of suicide can be linked to the legalization of physician-assisted suicide. Factors such as suicide contagion and the increasing positive media reporting on such suicides are also relevant and have led to different standards of treatment for suicidal people who claim the right to have their suicides medically assisted.
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Soares, Raquel Juliana De Oliveira, and Flaviana Pereira Bastos Nascimento. "Suicídio e Tentativa de Suicídio: Contribuições da Enfermagem Brasileira." Journal of Health Sciences 19, no. 1 (May 22, 2017): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17921/2447-8938.2017v19n1p19-24.
Abstract:
Considerado um problema de saúde pública, o suicídio vem aumentando mundialmente. É um problema complexo para o qual não existe uma única causa ou razão, e para que a prevenção seja efetiva é preciso que os profissionais da saúde entendam do assunto e saibam reconhecer o comportamento suicida. Neste sentido, foi traçado como objetivo analisar a produção científica da enfermagem brasileira sobre suicídio e tentativa de suicídio no período de 2005 a 2015. Revisão integrativa com análise temática. Observou-se o aumento das publicações sobre suicídio, tentativa de suicídio e adolescente. Homens comentem mais suicídio e as mulheres são mais prevalentes nas tentativas. Enforcamento, intoxicação e arma de fogo são os meios mais utilizados no suicídio e nas tentativas de suicídio. Concluiu-se que existe uma urgência em se trabalhar a prevenção do suicídio baseado nas publicações, uma vez que as mesmas abordam desde o perfil dos suicidas até os métodos utilizados no suicídio e tentativas de suicídio. Palavras-chave: Saúde Pública. Pesquisa em Enfermagem. Revisão.AbstractConsidered a public health problem, suicide is increasing worldwide. It is a complex problem for which there is no single cause or reason, and so that prevention ise effective it is necessary that health professionals understand the issue and know how to recognize suicidal behavior. In this regard it was drawn to analyze the scientific production of Brazilian nursing on suicide and attempted suicide in the period from 2005 to 2015. Integrative review with thematic analysis. There was an increase in publications about suicide, suicide attempt and adolescents. Men commit more suicide and women are more prevalent in attempts. Hanging, poisoning and firearms are the most used means of suicide and the suicide attempts. It was concluded that there is an urgent need to work to prevent suicide based on publications, since the same address not only the suicide’s profile but alsothe methods used in suicide and suicide attempts.Keywords: Public Health. Nursing Research. Review.
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Sapozhnikov, Sergei, Andrei Golenkov, Zoltán Rihmer, Gabor S. Ungvari, and Gábor Gazdag. "Weekly patterns of suicide and the influence of alcohol consumption in an urban sample." Ideggyógyászati szemle 75, no. 3-4 (2022): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.18071/isz.75.0099.
Abstract:
The weekly fluctuation in suicide rates is influenced by several factors including sex, psychiatric illness and alcohol dependence. The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of current alcohol use on suicid Data on sex, date of death, results of blood and/or urine alcohol tests and history of alcohol dependence in suicide victims over the 1997-2002 period were retrieved from a forensic database in two cities in Chuvash Republic. Over the six-year study period, 1,379 suicides were committed, 59% of them under the influence of alcohol. The peak incidence for men and women regardless of previous alcohol consumption was on Wednesdays and Mondays, respectively. The overall suicide rate was highest on Mondays and lowest on Thursdays. Both sexes were less likely to commit suicide during holidays than on weekends or workdays while intoxicated with alcohol. In this urban sample, the distribution of suicide across weekdays only partly followed the international pattern. The peak incidence of suicide showed sex difference, with the highest incidence for women on Mondays and for men on Wednesdays. The higher suicide rate on workdays might be accounted for by work-related stress, while the lower rate on weekends could be explained that people usually drink alcohol in the comforting company of family or friends, which reduces psychological tension and suicidal ideation. The majority of men consumed alcohol before committing suicide, regardless of the day of the week, while this observation was true for women only on Fridays and Sundays. Alcohol consumption greatly contributes to suicidal behavior in Chuvash Republic.
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Nikolic, Slobodan, Vladimir Zivkovic, and Fehim Jukovic. "Unplanned complex suicide: Two case reports." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 138, no. 5-6 (2010): 371–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh1006371n.
Abstract:
Introduction The term complex suicide refers to suicides in which multiple suicidal methods are utilized, as opposed to simple suicide successfully done after one attempt. In planned complex suicides two or more methods are employed simultaneously in order to make sure that death will occur after failure of previous attempt. In unplanned complex suicides, several other methods of suicide tried after the first chosen method either failed or was too painful. Outline of Cases We report two cases of unplanned complex suicides. The first case was a female who first tried to commit suicide by cutting the wrists, and then hanged herself. In the other case, a male first tried to commit suicide by stubbing his chest with a knife, and then jumped into a well and drowned himself. In both reported cases the second, successful suicidal method was of higher lethality score. Conclusion From the forensic point of view, the presence of several injuries of different origin strongly suggests infliction by other person. The event could be reconstructed, based on autopsy findings and traces found at the scene. .
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Pitkälä, Kristiina, Erkki T. Isometsä, Markus M. Henriksson, and Jouko K. Lönnqvist. "Elderly Suicide in Finland." International Psychogeriatrics 12, no. 2 (June 2000): 209–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610200006335.
Abstract:
Suicide mortality among the elderly is high in most Western countries. We investigated the characteristics of suicide victims 65 years or older in a nationwide psychological autopsy study, the research phase of the National Suicide Prevention Project in Finland. This study population included all completed suicides (N = 1,397, of whom 211 were 65 years or older) that occurred in Finland during a 12-month research period in 1987-1988. The elderly suicide victims were found to have used violent suicide methods more often than the young. Although almost 70% of the elderly persons who had committed suicide had been in contact with health care services during the month before their death, their suicidal intentions were rarely communicated in these contacts. They had been referred to psychiatric services less often than the young, and only 8% had received adequate antidepressive medication. The fact that most elderly suicides have contact with health care services during their final month suggests a potential for suicide prevention. However, the major obstacle to this is the poor recognition of mental disorders and suicidal ideation among the elderly.
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Kryzhanovskaya, Ludmila, and Galina Pilyagina. "Suicidal Behavior in the Ukraine, 1988-1998." Crisis 20, no. 4 (July 1999): 184–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027//0227-5910.20.4.184.
Abstract:
This report studies the available data concerning suicide rates in the Ukraine and points to the importance of appropriate monitoring of suicides and attempted suicides. It illustrates the necessity of collecting this information and of developing “The Ukrainian National Program on Suicide Prevention.” Unfortunately, suicide research and publications about suicide rates were prohibited in the former Soviet Union, so some of the data about suicidal behavior in the Ukraine is incomplete. We used the official suicide death statistics of the Ukraine from the Center of Statistics (Ukrainian Ministry of Health) for the period 1988-1998. The overall rate of suicide in the Ukraine is relatively high. Official statistics in the Ukraine show that there were 29.6 suicides per 100,000 population in 1998. The frequency of completed suicide differs in the various regions of the country, suicides being more frequent in the industrially developed regions and in the rural areas of the country than in the cities. In the western part of the Ukraine the frequency of suicide is relatively low (11.1 per 100,000). Between 1988 and 1997 the suicide rate increased by 57%. In 1998 the suicide rate for women was approximately five times lower than that for men.
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Govorov, S. A. "Representation of suicide in suicide memes." Psikhologicheskii zhurnal 44, no. 5 (2023): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s020595920027723-1.
Abstract:
The present article provides an overview of current research on suicide memes, their role in the formation of suicidal ideation, as well as their impact on the Internet users’ mental health in general. The model of “cyber suicide contagion” by P. Marsden is applied to assessing memes’ suicidogenic potential. According to this model, it depends on the emotional representation of suicide in a meme. Currently existing suicide memes’ classifications are being reviewed and assessed for their further development and practical application. The following theoretical classification of suicide memes is proposed: non-humorous “pro-suicidal”, non-humorous “anti-suicidal” (such as used in suicide prevention organizations), humorous suicide memes. It is hypothesized that emotional representations of suicide in humorous memes: 1) vary in different memes; 2) are determined by individual perception; 3) both positive and negative aspects of suicide representation need to be present in order for a comical effect to occur. Presumably, in case of humorous suicide memes, a more complex perception of suicide arises, which may simultaneously reflect a presence of suicidal thoughts and a critical attitude towards them. A number of modern studies is analyzed, highlighting positive and negative aspects of suicide memes’ impact on mental health. It is concluded that suicide’s representation in a meme is not the only factor determining its suicidogenic potential.
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Agarwal, Shreya, Radhika Yadav, Naveen Diwan, Sweta Yadav, Saurabh Kumar, and Pradeep Aggarwal. "Is Life losing its Worth in the eyes of today’s Children? A review on Suicidal tendencies." Journal of Comprehensive Health 9, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 103–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.53553/jch.v09i02.011.
Abstract:
Suicidal attempts and suicides among children & teenagers are on rise in past few years. Suicide is the second leading cause of death among those aged 10–24 years. Modern era has witnessed that the children have the ability to plan and execute a suicidal act. Considering such valuable loss of lives by suicide, it is of serious public health concern. Suicide by a child causes significant grief and depression for siblings, parents, and near ones exposed to suicide. Mental health and social distress among children must be paid great attention to reduce suicidal behaviour.
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Lester, David, Stephanie McSwain, and John F. Gunn. "A Test of the Validity of the is Path Warm Warning Signs for Suicide." Psychological Reports 108, no. 2 (April 2011): 402–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/09.12.13.pr0.108.2.402-404.
Abstract:
The 10 warning signs for suicide, encapsulated in the mnemonic IS PATH WARM, did not differentiate between genuine suicide notes and those written by people simulating a suicidal crisis or between notes written by completed suicides and those written by attempted suicides.
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Olié, E. "Social adversity and suicide." European Psychiatry 29, S3 (November 2014): 630. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2014.09.133.
Abstract:
The World Health Organization estimates about 1.5 million deaths by suicide per year worldwide by 2020. We will discuss how social adversity and psychological/social pain interact in this model and help to better understand suicidal process at individual level.Émile Durkheim [1] viewed suicide as a social fact. According to his theory the variations in suicidal rate on a macro-level could also be explained by society-scale phenomena rather than individual's feelings and motivations. In the 21st century, three major points have to be highlighted to underline a possible relationship between economic crisis and suicide:– suicide rate of employees is becoming more similar to the suicide rate of workers while working conditions are getting worse;– increase of suicide rate for young working men was observed since 1970, i.e. the beginning of oil crisis;– suicides in workplace occur, sometimes serial suicides in (inter)national companies. Nowadays, suicidal acts may be best understood within a stress-vulnerability model, where it is assumed that only vulnerable patients, when submitted to environmental stressors, will kill themselves.At the individual level, the transition to the suicidal act is usually precipitated by psychosocial stress. Nearly all suicide victims have experienced at least one or more adverse life event within 1 year of death (concentrated in last few months). Interpersonal conflict was at the greatest risk of suicidal act [2]. Being excluded or rejected signals a threat for which reflexive detection in the form of pain and distress is adaptive for survival [3]. Thus, we assume that social pain should be considered as a subtype of psychological pain emerging from the threat of affiliation. Unbearable pain, particularly psychological pain, is a frequent theme of suicide notes. Thus, suicidal acts should be considered as the expression of an attempt to escape from this psychological suffering.
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Yip, Paul, David Pitt, Yan Wang, Xueyuan Wu, Ray Watson, Richard Huggins, and Ying Xu. "Assessing the Impact of Suicide Exclusion Periods on Life Insurance." Crisis 31, no. 4 (July 2010): 217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0027-5910/a000023.
Abstract:
Background: We study the impact of suicide-exclusion periods, common in life insurance policies in Australia, on suicide and accidental death rates for life-insured individuals. If a life-insured individual dies by suicide during the period of suicide exclusion, commonly 13 months, the sum insured is not paid. Aims: We examine whether a suicide-exclusion period affects the timing of suicides. We also analyze whether accidental deaths are more prevalent during the suicide-exclusion period as life-insured individuals disguise their death by suicide. We assess the relationship between the insured sum and suicidal death rates. Methods: Crude and age-standardized rates of suicide, accidental death, and overall death, split by duration since the insured first bought their insurance policy, were computed. Results: There were significantly fewer suicides and no significant spike in the number of accidental deaths in the exclusion period for Australian life insurance data. More suicides, however, were detected for the first 2 years after the exclusion period. Higher insured sums are associated with higher rates of suicide. Conclusions: Adverse selection in Australian life insurance is exacerbated by including a suicide-exclusion period. Extension of the suicide-exclusion period to 3 years may prevent some “insurance-induced” suicides – a rationale for this conclusion is given.
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Pons-Baños, Judit, David Ballester-Ferrando, Lola Riesco-Miranda, Santiago Escoté-Llobet, Jordi Jiménez-Nuño, Concepció Fuentes-Pumarola, and Montserrat Serra-Millàs. "Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics Associated with Suicidal Behaviour and Relationship with a Nurse-Led Suicide Prevention Programme." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 23 (November 25, 2020): 8765. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238765.
Abstract:
Suicidal behaviour is a major public health problem that needs to be tackled by all health agents including mental health nurses. Aims: The purpose of this study was to analyse the relationship between demographic and clinical characteristics and different kinds of suicidal behaviour with a nurse-led suicide prevention programme. Methods: The design was a cross-sectional study, performed in the region of Osona (Catalonia) in the five-year period 2013–2017. Suicidal behaviour was classified as suicidal ideation, interrupted self-directed violence, suicide attempt or completed suicide. Results: The sample included 753 patients (of whom 53 completed suicide) who experienced 931 suicidal behaviour episodes. Men represented only 38.4% of the sample but 81.1% of completed suicides. Mental disorders were associated with suicidal behaviour in 75.4% of the sample. Two thirds (66.4%) of the individuals (0.8% (n = 4) of whom completed suicide) were participants in a nurse-led suicidal behaviour case management programme. Conclusion: The main risk factors were being a woman for suicidal behaviour and being a man and being older for completed suicide. Mental disorders, widowhood and retirement were also associated with completed suicide. The completed suicide rate was lower among participants in the nurse-led programme.
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Lee, Dayoung, Song Jung, Seongjun Park, KangWoo Lee, Yong-Sil Kweon, Eun-Jin Lee, Kyung Hee Yoon, et al. "Youth Suicide in Korea Across the Educational Stages." Crisis 41, no. 3 (May 2020): 187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000624.
Abstract:
Abstract. Background: Youth suicides have diverse characteristics according to the young people's developmental stages. Warning signs and communication of suicidal intent can be vague among early adolescents, while mental health problems may be more evidently related to suicidal ideation in older adolescents. Understanding the developmental characteristics of youth suicide is necessary for effective suicide prevention. Aims: We explored the differences between children and adolescents who died by suicide and the characteristics of these young people as observed by their school teachers. Method: We analyzed teachers' mandatory postmortem reports of suicides among 308 Korean students. We compared: suicide-related information including personal, familial, and school factors; stressful life events; and participation in interventions among elementary, middle, and high school students who died by suicide. We also assessed the distribution of student suicides per month. Results: Suicide among elementary school students increased during school vacations, and suicide among middle and high school students increased during the school semester. According to the teachers' reports, elementary school students who died by suicide were more extroverted and had better academic achievements than their high school peers, and had significantly lower levels of substance/tobacco use. Elementary school students who died by suicide showed significantly less academic stress and use of external professional help than did other groups. Limitations: Because this research is based on mandatory teacher reports, the subjective opinions of teachers may have affected the reliability of the data. Suicide by out-of-school youth was not included. Conclusion: School-based suicide prevention should be implemented in accordance with young people's developmental characteristics.
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KAWECKI, ANDRZEJ. "SUICIDES IN POLAND — ETIOLOGY AND SCALE OF THE PHENOMENON IN 2008–2018." PRZEGLĄD POLICYJNY 136, no. 4 (April 17, 2020): 134–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.1137.
Abstract:
For many years, suicides have been the most tragic manifestation of social and personality disintegration in Poland and abroad. Suicide is a subject of interest for psychologists, psychiatrists, pedagogues, sociologists, philosophers, theologians, doctors, and criminologists. The article presents a statistical analysis of suicide attempts based on data from the National Police Headquarters conducted in this fi eld in 2008-2018. In this context, it presents the causes and effects of suicidal behaviour. The analysis of social groups of high suicidal risk, reasons, methods and location of suicide attempts, marital status, and education of suicides are also presented.
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Fruehwald, Stefan, Teresa Matschnig, Franz Koenig, Peter Bauer, and Patrick Frottier. "Suicide in custody." British Journal of Psychiatry 185, no. 6 (December 2004): 494–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.185.6.494.
Abstract:
BackgroundFew risk factors and indicators of vulnerability for suicide in custody are known so far.AimsA case-control study was conducted to investigate the relevance of criminal history, psychiatric morbidity and social integration to suicide in prison.MethodFor every suicide that occurred in an Austrian correctional institution between 1975 and 1999, two controls matched for correctional institution, gender, nationality, age, custodial status and time of admission were selected. Psychiatric characteristics, previous suicidal behaviour, criminal history and indicators of social integration were compared.ResultsOf 250 recorded suicides, 220 personal files were available and matched to 440 controls. The most important predictors for suicide in custody were a history of suicidality (status following attempted suicide and suicide threat), psychiatric diagnosis, psychotropic medication, a highly violent index offence and single-cell accommodation.ConclusionsA significant finding is the importance of suicidal behaviour as an indicator of risk of suicide in correctional institutions, which until now has been a matter of debate. This study demonstrates the need for staff to take suicidal behaviour as seriously in custodial settings as in any other circumstances.
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Yoo, JH, J. Jang, SY Park, YY Kim, EJ Kim, G. Lee, J. Seo, EJ Na, JY Park, and HJ Jeon. "P85: Risks of suicide among family members of suicide victims: A nationwide sample of South Korea." International Psychogeriatrics 35, S1 (December 2023): 247–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610223004106.
Abstract:
Objective:Identifying the risks of completed suicide in suicide survivors is essential for policies supporting family members of suicide victims. We aimed to determine the suicide risk of suicide survivors and identify the number of suicides per 100,000 population of suicide survivors, bereaved families of traffic accident victims, and bereaved families with non-suicide deaths.Methods:This was a nationwide population-based cohort study in South Korea. The data were taken from the Korean National Health Insurance and Korea National Statistical Office between January 2008 and December 2017. The relationship between the decedent and the bereaved family was identified using the family database of the National Health Insurance Data. Age and gender were randomly matched 1:1 among 133,386 suicide deaths and non-suicide deaths. A proportional hazard model regression analysis was conducted after confirming the cumulative hazard using Kaplan-Meier curves to obtain the hazard ratio (HR) of completed suicide in suicide survivors.Results:Using 423,331 bereaved families of suicide victims and 420,978 bereaved families of non-suicide deaths as the control group, HR of completed suicide in suicidal survivors was found to be 2.755 [95% confidence limit (CL): 2.550-2.977]. HR for wives committing suicide after husbands' suicide was 5.096 (95% CL: 3.982-6.522), which was the highest HR among all relationships with suicide decedents. The average duration from suicide death to suicide of family members was 25.4 months. Among suicide survivors, the number of suicides per 100,000 people was 586, thrice that of people in bereaved families of traffic accident victims and in bereaved families of non-suicide deaths.Conclusion:The risk of completed suicide was three times higher in suicide survivors than in bereaved families with non-suicide deaths, and it was highest in wives of suicide decedents. Thus, socio-environmental interventions for suicidal survivors must be expanded.
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Bahamón, Marly Johana, Yolima Alarcón-Vásquez, Ana María Trejos-Herrera, Stefano Vinaccia Alpi, Andres Cabezas, and Joaquín Sepúlveda. "Efectos del programa CIPRES sobre el riesgo suicida en adolescentes." Revista de Psicopatología y Psicología Clínica 24, no. 2 (August 30, 2019): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/rppc.23667.
Abstract:
Abstract: Effects of the CIPRES program on suicidal risk in adolescents. The objective of the study was to evaluate the specific changes generated by the CIPRES program on suicidal risk in adolescents. The sample comprised 106 adolescents aged between 13 and 18 years old (53 in the experimental group, 53 in the control group), of which 54.7% were women (n = 58). The study used a quasi-experimental design of repeated pretest-posttest measures with a control group. Two assessment instruments were administered before and after the program: The Scale of the Suicide Risk (ERS) and the Inventory of Positive and Negative Suicidal Ideation (PANSI). The pretest-posttest ANCOVAs showed that the program significantly reduced (p < .05) the scores of suicidal ideation, planning, self-harm, isolation/social support, lack of family support, and global suicide risk. In addition, it significantly increased positive ideation scores. The results support the relevance of this program to reduce suicidal risk in adolescents.Keywords: CIPRES; suicide risk; adolescents; psychological intervention; quasi-experiment.Resumen: El estudio tuvo por objetivo evaluar los cambios específicos generados por el programa CIPRES sobre el riesgo suicida en adolescentes. La muestra se configuró con 106 adolescentes entre los 13 y 18 años (53 experimentales, 53 controles), de los cuales el 54.7% eran mujeres (n = 58). El estudio utilizó un diseño cuasi-experimental de medidas repetidas pretest-postest con grupo de control. Se administraron dos instrumentos de evaluación antes y después de la aplicación del programa: la Escala de Riesgo Suicida (ERS) y el Inventario de Ideación Suicida Positiva y Negativa (PANSI). Los ANCOVAs pretest-postest evidenciaron que el programa redujo significativamente (p < .05) las puntuaciones en ideación suicida, planificación, autolesión, aislamiento/soporte social, falta de apoyo familiar, y riesgo suicida global. Además, aumentó significativamente las puntuaciones en ideación positiva. Los resultados apuntan a la relevancia de este programa para reducir el riesgo suicida en adolescentes.Palabras clave: CIPRES; riesgo de suicidio; adolescentes; intervención psicológica; cuasiexperimento.
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Pridmore, Saxby, Svetlin Varbanov, and Ian Sale. "Suicide and murder-suicide involving automobiles." Australasian Psychiatry 25, no. 1 (July 11, 2016): 32–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1039856216658830.
Abstract:
Objective: We aim to explore the phenomenon of suicide by driving one vehicle into another, and draw attention to the cost to occupants of targeted vehicles. Method: We examined academic literature, court and newspaper reports, and online sources. Results: Driver suicide may be achieved by colliding with a fixed object or another vehicle. When a second vehicle is targeted, the occupants of that vehicle experience property loss, and potentially physical and psychiatric injury, or death. Driver suicides are associated with death of another person, in 11.3% of cases. Some suicidal individuals are able to act with great consideration for the consequences of their actions. Conclusion: Every effort must be made to help suicidal people with mental disorders or other predicaments. There is a need for public discussion of suicide by targeting an oncoming vehicle. It is less likely that suicide drivers who target other vehicles are unable to choose and more likely they have not considered the consequences of their actions.
34
Borrill, Jo, Lisa Cook, and Amy Beck. "Suicide and supervision." Probation Journal 64, no. 1 (November 18, 2016): 6–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0264550516677770.
Abstract:
Suicides by offenders in the community have been relatively under-researched in comparison with prison suicides. This study examined in-depth the events and experiences of 28 service users under probation supervision, based on continuous records from the start of their sentence to their death by suicide. The study presents novel findings through mapping suicidal behaviour onto the probation supervision process, and demonstrates the complex pathways leading to suicide in this population. Key issues identified include missed appointments, the impact of legal proceedings, changes in supervision, and the importance of recording risk.
35
Malavika Panicker et al. "Review on Suicidal Ideation among Juveniles and Adult Prisoners in Indian Prisons." Proceeding International Conference on Science and Engineering 11, no. 1 (February 18, 2023): 1278–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/cienceng.v11i1.274.
Abstract:
Suicide can be defined as a deliberate act of taking one’s own life. Suicide may result from psychological, physiological, and societal factors where the person may feel hopeless and have difficulty handling the situations in their life. The scenario of committing suicide by an individual remains the same for the general population and the incarcerated. It is important to assess suicidal ideation among people and provide a suicide-resistant environment. This paper focuses on suicides in prison, suicidal statistics, psychological causes, and preventive measures taken by the authority.
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Andriessen, Karl, and Karolina Krysinska. "Railway Suicide in Belgium 1998–2009." Crisis 33, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000105.
Abstract:
Background: Belgium is a country with a high suicide rate (19.1/100,000 in 2004), and railway suicide poses a substantial safety and public health problem. This problem was addressed by the Suicide Prevention Unit of Infrabel (Manager of the Belgian Railway Infrastructure), which collects relevant data and implements a prevention program. Aims: To present data on fatal and nonfatal suicidal behavior on the Belgian railway network, including monthly and regional distribution and identification of hotspots; and to present the Infrabel suicide prevention program. Methods: Analysis of Infrabel data on railway suicide (1998–2009) and comparison with data on suicide in Belgium. Results: A total of 1,092 railway suicides (1998–2009) and 557 suicide attempts (2003–2009) in Belgium (fatality rate of 54%) were studied. Monthly fluctuations were observed, with the majority of suicides occurring in Flanders, followed by Wallonia and Brussels. We identified 34 hotspots accounting for 35% of cases, mostly in Flanders. Conclusions: In 2004 railway suicide accounted for 5.3% of all suicides in Belgium (railway suicide rate of 1.03/100,000). Such a major human and economic loss warrants implementation of prevention measures. Infrabel has initiated a comprehensive suicide prevention program which focuses mainly on safeguarding the suicide hotspots.
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Ali, Huma, and Tasnim Rehna. "The psychology of Suicide: From research understanding to intervention and treatment." Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association 72, no. 6 (June 22, 2022): 1175–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.47391/jpma.4258.
Abstract:
Suicide is considered one of the major causes of death across the globe. The rate of suicide has increased in the recent past and has become a serious problem globally, with nearly one million people committing suicide every year which represents a global standardised rate of 11.4 per 100,000 population i.e., 15 for males and 8 for females.1 From 2000 to 2016, the age-adjusted suicide rate has grown by 30%. Individuals generally have history of mental trauma and distress before attempting suicide. Rate of suicidal ideation is more than that of committing suicide. It is evident that the topic of suicide needs to have a global priority. As clinicians and researchers, it is pivotal responsibility of mental health professionals to establish prevention and intervention programmes to reduce the risk of suicides. Key Words: Suicide, Suicidal risk, Psychology, Intervention, Treatment.
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CONNER, KENNETH R., MICHAEL R. PHILLIPS, SEAN MELDRUM, KERRY L. KNOX, YANPING ZHANG, and GONGHUAN YANG. "Low-planned suicides in China." Psychological Medicine 35, no. 8 (March 7, 2005): 1197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003329170500454x.
Abstract:
Background. Acts of suicide differ widely in the amount of planning preceding the act. Correlates of completed suicide in China identified in a previous investigation were re-examined to identify those that may be especially relevant to low-planned (impulsive) and high-planned suicidal behavior. The association of planning and method in completed suicide was also assessed.Method. A psychological autopsy study of 505 suicide decedents aged [ges ]18 years sampled to be representative of suicides in China was conducted. Multinomial regression analyses compared three levels of suicide planning (low, intermediate, high).Results. Women and younger individuals were more likely to carry out low-planned and intermediate-planned than high-planned acts of suicide. Greater acute stress distinguished low-planned from high-planned suicides. Ingestion of pesticides stored in the home was a more commonly employed method in low-planned than high-planned suicides.Conclusions. Low-planned suicides are more common in women, in younger individuals, and among those who are experiencing acute stress. Prevention strategies targeted at restricting access to pesticides may preferentially lower the rate of low-planned suicides.
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Simonit, Francesco, Orazio Elia Sciarappa, Fabio Bassan, Carlo Scorretti, Fabiola Giudici, and Lorenzo Desinan. "Complex and complicated suicides in Friuli (1993–2017)." Medicine, Science and the Law 61, no. 1_suppl (January 2021): 14–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0025802420934661.
Abstract:
Complex suicides involve more than one suicide method. According to the intention of the victim, they are classified as ‘planned’ when the use of more than one suicide technique has been previously devised by the victim and ‘unplanned’ when the first method turns out to be too painful or insufficient to cause death, and the individual then resorts to other means of suicide. Complicated suicide, on the other hand, is a term that was introduced by Töro and Pollak, in which a failed act of suicide is followed by traumatisation, which has a fatal outcome. This type of death must be distinguished from complex suicides. From a sample of 1160 fatalities (837 males) between 1993 and 2017, we identified 20 (1.72%) cases of complex suicide and three (0.26%) cases of complicated suicide. We considered age, sex, psychiatric history, previous suicide attempts, suicide methods and eventual secondary traumatisation. We also compared planned and unplanned complex suicides. The results show a higher number of planned complex suicides (16 vs. 4), a prevalence of males ( n = 17) and adults (median age = 48 years, range 21–74 range). Plastic bag suffocation and gas inhalation ( n = 8) were the most commonly used methods. Firearms ( n = 4) were used exclusively by males in planned complex suicides. Wrist and forearm cuts ( n = 5) were found in four unplanned and one planned complex suicides, and all of the cases with known previous suicidal attempts ( n = 3) involved planned complex suicides. Complicated suicides concerned three male victims in two failed attempts of hanging and an unforeseen carbon monoxide intoxication following a non-fatal gunshot to the mouth, confirming the rarity of these fatalities.
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Chan, Song, Simon Denny, Theresa Fleming, Sarah Fortune, Roshini Peiris-John, and Ben Dyson. "Exposure to suicide behaviour and individual risk of self-harm: Findings from a nationally representative New Zealand high school survey." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 52, no. 4 (June 1, 2017): 349–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004867417710728.
Abstract:
Purpose: To examine whether there is an association between students self-reported suicide attempts and non-suicidal self-injury and exposure to suicidal behaviour among friends, family members or within school communities. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of a nationally representative health and well-being survey of 8500 New Zealand high school students conducted from March through November 2012. Students’ self-reported suicide attempts and repeated non-suicidal self-injury was examined in relation to student reports of self-harming behaviour among friends and family as well as data from school administrators of completed suicides within the school community. Results: Almost 1 in 20 (4.5%) students reported a suicide attempt in the last 12 months and 7.9% reported repeated non-suicidal self-injury in the last 12 months. The risk of both suicide attempts and repeated non-suicidal self-injury was highest among females, students from homes with economic deprivation and among students reporting an episode of low mood in the previous 12 months. Students exposed to suicide attempts or completed suicide among friends and/or family members were at increased risk of reporting attempted suicide and repeated non-suicidal self-injury in the last year. There was no association between completed suicide in school community and students self-reported suicide attempts or repeated non-suicidal self-injury. Conclusions: Low mood and exposure to suicide attempts of friends and family members are associated with suicide attempts and repeated non-suicidal self-injury in New Zealand high school students. This research highlights importance of supporting adolescents with low mood and exposed to suicide of friends and family.
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Graafsma, T., A. Kerkhof, D. Gibson, R. Badloe, and L. M. van de Beek. "High Rates of Suicide and Attempted Suicide Using Pesticides in Nickerie, Suriname, South America." Crisis 27, no. 2 (March 2006): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910.27.2.77.
Abstract:
Suicide and attempted suicide are identified as a serious mental health problem in Suriname, especially in the district of Nickerie. An epidemiological study in the Nickerie catchment area revealed high rates of suicide (48 per 100,000) and attempted suicide (207 per 100,000) on average in the years 2000-2004. Particularly remarkable is the high number of attempted suicides among males (49%), and the use of pesticides in both fatal (55%) and nonfatal suicidal behavior (44%). Probably this high incidence of suicidal behavior reflects the very poor economic situation of the district, poverty of most of the population, high levels of alcohol misuse, domestic violence, the rigidity of Hindustani culture regarding family traditions, the accessibility of pesticides, and the lack of future perspectives. Health care alone will not be sufficient to tackle this problem. One of the most urgent measures to prevent suicides is to stow away pesticides in locked cabinets with the key held by the proprietor.
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Balard, Frédéric. "Ignoré, invisibilité, minoré ? L’interprétation du suicide des personnes âgées en France." Déviance et Société Vol. 48, no. 1 (April 22, 2024): 113–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ds.481.0113.
Abstract:
Les taux de suicide augmentent avec l’âge et les hommes très âgés sont ceux qui se suicident le plus. Avec près d’un siècle et demi de données sur le suicide, il apparaît qu’il s’agit d’une constante statistique qui ne connaît que des variations assez mineures. Pour autant, les suicides de personnes âgées n’ont pas réellement fait l’objet d’interprétations spécifiques par la sociologie française. À partir de la littérature, cet article montre que l’âge n’a pas réellement été considéré comme une condition sociale puis que la focale a été portée sur les suicides des jeunes et les suicides au travail. Enfin, nous défendons que la dimension rationnelle du suicide des âgés mérite d’être interrogée, voire mise en perspective avec le suicide assisté.
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Cruz Morales, Elena Mª, Beatriz Valdayo Rosado, and Rocío Martín Almenta. "INVESTIGACIÓN ENFERMERA SOBRE LAS MANIFESTACIONES CLÍNICAS Y LA PREVENCIÓN EN LA CONDUCTA SUICIDA EN LA ADOLESCENCIA." International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology. Revista INFAD de Psicología. 2, no. 1 (October 22, 2017): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.17060/ijodaep.2017.n1.v2.934.
Abstract:
Abstract.NURSING RESEARCH ON CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS AND PREVENTION OF SUICIDE BEHAVIOR IN ADOLESCENCESuicide is the second leading cause of death, according to the who, at the age of adolescence. Although not very common in children’s ages, ages within the adolescent estimation, there is usually an increase in suicide since this age is an era in which there are great internal conflicts and where to develop the instinct of resilience, responsibility and face more optimally your academic development. It's a time in which puts their identity sexual, establishes relationships social, need of be more independent. Finally, as we discussed earlier, it is a period of many changes, which is moving from childhood to adulthood. Also include risk factors that precipitate the teenager to the ideation/planning suicide, such as mental disorders, sudden changes in his life such as the separation of the parents, economic changes, etc. prevention is a good tool to prevent a fatal outcome of the person having ideation suicidal. For this, it is recommended to watch the State deprimible that the young person has, perform active listening, go to professional help, use of empathy and feelings accompanying, helps the social introduction and realization of sport, among others.Keywords: suicidal behavior, suicide, teens, nurse, prevention and risk factors.Resumen.El suicidio, se considera la segunda causa de muerte, según la OMS, en la edad de la adolescencia. Aunque no suele ser muy común en edades infantiles, en edades comprendidas dentro de la estimación adolescente, suele haber un aumento del suicidio ya que esta edad se trata de una época en la que existen grandes conflictos interiores y dónde hay que desarrollar el instinto de resiliencia, responsabilidad y afrontar de forma más óptima su desarrollo académico. Es una época en la que sitúa su identidad sexual,establece relaciones sociales, necesidad de ser más independientes. En fin, como comentamos antes, se trata de una etapa de muchos cambios , que es pasar de la infancia a la edad adulta. También, se incluyen factores de riesgos que hagan precipitar al adolescente a la ideación/planeación suicida, como son alteraciones mentales, cambios bruscos en su vida como puede ser la separación de los padres, cambios económicos,etc. La prevención es una buena herramienta para evitar un fatal desenlace de la persona que tiene ideaciones suicidas. Para ello, se recomienda vigilar el estado deprimible que tiene el joven, realizar escucha activa, acudir a ayuda profesional, uso de la empatía y acompañamiento de sus sentimientos, ayuda a la introducción social y realización de deporte, entre otros.Palabras Claves: conducta suicida, suicidio, adolescencia, enfermera, prevención y factores de riesgo.
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Ouali, R., R. Masmoudi, F. Guermazi, F. cherif, I. Feki, O. Chakroun, E. Derbel, R. sellami, J. Masmoudi, and N. Rekik. "Socio-demographic characteristics and clinical profile among suicide attempters." European Psychiatry 66, S1 (March 2023): S874. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2023.1850.
Abstract:
IntroductionSuicide is a real public health problem. Like many other countries, Tunisia seems to be experiencing an amplification of the phenomenon. Suicide attempts are much more frequent and are estimated to be around 20 times the number of suicidesObjectivesThe objective was to describe the sociodemographic characteristics and clinical profile of suicide attempters in patients hospitalized in the emergency room.MethodsThis study was carried out with patients admitted to vital emergencies for attempted suicide over a period of 6 months.A pre-made questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic and clinical data. We used the SIS “suicide intention scale” to assess the intent of the suicide attempt and the PHQ9 “PATIENT HEALTH QUESTIONNAIRE” to assess the presence and severity of depressive symptoms.We excluded Patients with major cognitive impairment, which prevents understanding of the questionnaire.Results Our sample consisted of 101 patients. Of the participants, 69.3% were female. Their age varied between 18 and 65 years with an average age of 30.93 years. The socioeconomic level was low in 23.8% of cases. The level of education did not exceed secondary school for 91% of suicides. Almost half of suicide attempters (45%) have been professionally inactive. Participants included in our study were single in 51.5% of cases. Participants had a family history of attempted suicide in 15% of cases. Prior psychiatric follow-up was found in 34% of suicides attempts. More than a third (36.6%) of participants had moderate to severe depression according to the results of the PHQ-9. Recurrences concerned 44% of suicides attempt in our survey and the average number of previous suicides attempts was 3.9. Suicidal intent was rated strong in 47% of suicides attempts .ConclusionsSuicidal behavior is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. In our study, more than 1 in 3 suicide attempters had depression. Further research is needed to identify suicide risk factors and to examine the relationship between the presence of mental illness and suicidal attemptDisclosure of InterestNone Declared
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Pajonk, Frank-Gerald, Kai Arist Simon Gruenberg, Heinzpeter Moecke, and Dieter Naber. "Suicides and Suicide Attempts in Emergency Medicine." Crisis 23, no. 2 (March 2002): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027//0227-5910.23.2.68.
Abstract:
Summary: Objective: In emergency medicine, suicides and attempted suicides represent a major challenge for emergency physicians (EPs) and paramedics, both in terms of psychiatric and somatic treatment. To date no investigations have been performed to determine prevalence rates, method of suicide or attempted suicide, and the problems faced by EPs when treating these patients. This investigation presents a first evaluation of the complete emergency protocols from a major German city focusing on suicide and parasuicide. Methods: A retrospective analysis of all EP protocols from 1995 in the city of Hamburg was performed. All protocols were evaluated with respect to suicide parasuicide and suicidal ideation. Demographic data and information on method of suicide or attempted suicide, severity of illness, and underlying psychiatric disorder were extracted from the protocols. Results: A total of 26,347 emergency protocols were evaluated. Suicide and attempted suicide were considered either certain, probable, or possible in 743 cases (2.8%). Suicide was committed in 171 cases and attempted were made by 572 individuals. More men committed suicide in all age groups. By far the highest number of suicide attempts were by young men between 18 and 39 years of age. Hanging was the most commonly used method of completed suicide (41%), followed by jumping from a height (21%). The methods of intoxication with medication (54%) and illegal drugs (17%) clearly prevailed in suicide attempts. Documentation of suicides and attempted suicides was revealed to be unsatisfactory. Underlying psychiatric disorders were scarcely recorded. Conclusion: In emergency medicine, the incidence of suicide or the attempt to commit suicide is small, yet disturbing. The frequency assessed may be too low as result of methodology. There is a need to improve the education of emergency physicians and paramedics in this area, and there is a need for data to be collected in a prospective design.
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Kizza, Dorothy, Heidi Hjelmeland, Eugene Kinyanda, and Birthe Loa Knizek. "Alcohol and Suicide in Postconflict Northern Uganda." Crisis 33, no. 2 (March 1, 2012): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000119.
Abstract:
Background: Alcohol has been noted to be an important factor in nearly 68% of the suicides in Northern Uganda, yet exactly how alcohol contributes to suicide in this region has not been studied. Aims: To determine how alcohol contributes to suicide in this region. Methods: Qualitative psychological autopsy interviews were conducted with bereaved relatives and friends of 20 suicides mainly from Internally Displaced Peoples’ camps in Northern Uganda. Data were analyzed using a modified Interpretative Phenomenological analysis (IPA). Results: Alcohol had a direct or an indirect influence on the suicide of 16 out of the 20 decedents. Directly, alcohol facilitated the suicidal process, was a means to suicide, or had an influence on the decedents’ lifestyles. Indirectly, alcohol had an influence on the suicidal process of the deceased through the drinking behavior of significant others. Conclusions: This study established that alcohol not only contributes to the suicidal process of the individuals through acute and chronic alcohol consumption, but also through victimization of those lowest in the power hierarchy by alcohol abusers higher up in the power hierarchy. Therefore, future development of suicide prevention programs should address the interrelated public health problem of alcohol abuse.
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Rifai, A. H., C. F. Reynolds, and J. J. Mann. "4 Biology of Elderly Suicide." Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior 22, no. 1 (March 1992): 48–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1943-278x.1992.tb00475.x.
Abstract:
ABSTRACTMost studies of suicide in younger patients have demonstrated significant alterations in the serotonin system. Although a high percentage of completed suicides occur in late‐life, to date very few studies of the biology of suicide have focused on this age group. This chapter describes age‐related changes in the central nervous system pertinent to the biology of suicide, then reviews port‐mortem biological studies of the brains of suicides and suicide attempters. As suicide attempts in the elderly are characterized by the use of violent means, biologic studies of impulsive violence are discussed. Finally we describe data on the effect of degenerative diseases on the serotonin system and the possible link to increased suicidal behavior in affected patients. This review underscores the need for further study of the biology of suicide in the geriatric age group.
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Page, Andrew, Jo-An Atkinson, William Campos, Mark Heffernan, Shahana Ferdousi, Adrian Power, Geoff McDonnell, Nereus Maranan, and Ian Hickie. "A decision support tool to inform local suicide prevention activity in Greater Western Sydney (Australia)." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 52, no. 10 (April 19, 2018): 983–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004867418767315.
Abstract:
Objectives: This study describes the development of a decision support tool to identify the combination of suicide prevention activities and service priorities likely to deliver the greatest reductions in suicidal behaviour in Western Sydney (Australia) over the period 2018–2028. Methods: A dynamic simulation model for the WentWest – Western Sydney Primary Health Network population-catchment was developed in partnership with primary health network stakeholders based on defined pathways to mental health care and suicidal behaviour, and which represented the current incidence of suicide and attempted suicide in Western Sydney. A series of scenarios relating to potential suicide prevention activities and service priorities identified by primary health network stakeholders were investigated to identify the combination of interventions associated with the largest reductions in the forecast number of attempted suicide and suicide cases for a 10-year follow-up period. Results: The largest number of cases averted for both suicide and attempted suicide was associated with (1) post-suicide attempt assertive aftercare (6.1% for both attempted suicide and suicide), (2) improved community support and reductions in psychological distress in the community (5.1% for attempted suicide and 14.8% for suicide), and (3) reductions in the proportion of those lost to services following a mental health service contact (10.5% for both attempted suicide and suicide). In combination, these interventions were forecast to avert approximately 29.7% of attempted suicides and 37.1% of suicides in the primary health network catchment over the 10-year period. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the utility of dynamic simulation models, co-designed with multi-disciplinary stakeholder groups, to capture and analyse complex mental health and suicide prevention regional planning problems. The model can be used by WentWest – Western Sydney Primary Health Network as a decision support tool to guide the commissioning of future service activity, and more efficiently frame the monitoring and evaluation of interventions as they are implemented in Western Sydney.
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Bonanni, Gualtieri, Lester, Falcone, Nardella, Fiorillo, and Pompili. "Can Anhedonia Be Considered a Suicide Risk Factor? A Review of the Literature." Medicina 55, no. 8 (August 9, 2019): 458. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina55080458.
Abstract:
Background and Objectives: At present, data collected from the literature about suicide and anhedonia are controversial. Some studies have shown that low levels of anhedonia are associated with serious suicide attempts and death by suicide, while other studies have shown that high levels of anhedonia are associated with suicide. Materials and Methods: For this review, we searched PubMed, Medline, and ScienceDirect for clinical studies published from 1 January 1990 to 31 December 2018 with the following search terms used in the title or in the abstract: “anhedonia AND suicid*.” We obtained a total of 155 articles; 133 items were excluded using specific exclusion criteria, the remaining 22 articles included were divided into six groups based on the psychiatric diagnosis: mood disorders, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), other diagnoses, attempted suicides, and others (healthy subjects). Results: The results of this review reveal inconsistencies. Some studies reported that high anhedonia scores were associated with suicidal behavior (regardless of the diagnosis), while other studies found that low anhedonia scores were associated with suicidal behavior, and a few studies reported no association. The most consistent association between anhedonia and suicidal behavior was found for affective disorders (7 of 7 studies reported a significant positive association) and for PTSD (3 of 3 studies reported a positive association). In the two studies of patients with schizophrenia, one found no association, and one found a negative association. For patients who attempted suicide (undiagnosed), one study found a positive association, one a positive association only for depressed attempters, and one a negative association. Conclusions: We found the most consistent positive association for patients with affective disorders and PTSD, indicating that the assessment of anhedonia may be useful in the evaluation of suicidal risk.
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Wilkie, Clarke, Sharon Macdonald, and Keith Hildahl. "Community Case Study: Suicide Cluster in a Small Manitoba Community." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 43, no. 8 (October 1998): 823–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674379804300807.
Abstract:
Objectives: To review a cluster of suicides and suicidal ideation in a First Nations community. Method: The medical records and autopsy reports of the victims are reviewed. Collateral information obtained in the community is presented. A series of psychiatric assessments conducted at the local health centre in a 3-day period is outlined. The dilemma of developing appropriate treatment plans is discussed. Results: In the period from February 3 to May 5, 1995, an isolated northern Manitoba First Nations community had 6 suicides in a population of less than 1500. Several other suicide attempts occurred. Community resources were strained. Alcohol was a factor in 4 of the suicides. Previous sexual assault was cited in 4 of 5 female cases presenting with suicidal ideation. Conclusions: Cluster suicide is a shared psychiatric and public health problem of major concern. Dreams of beckoning are common following a suicide. Communities should have a prepared plan to deal with a suicide. Resources should be provided quickly in an effort to prevent a cluster of suicides from occurring. High-risk individuals must be identified. Substance abuse must be addressed. Resources to assess and treat victims of sexual abuse must be available.