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1
Poirey, Sophie. "Droit, suicide, suicidés : histoire d'une condamnation." Dijon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995DIJOD003.
Abstract:
De nos jours, le suicide est devenu en France un phénomène difficile à ignorer. Acte de courage ou de lâcheté, il demeure pourtant bel et bien l'un des derniers tabous de notre société. La mort volontaire possède en soi un effet profondément désorganisateur et la tentation est alors grande pour la société de s'en défendre par le biais de l'un de ses instruments de répression privilégiés : le droit. Les sanctions imaginées pour punir ceux qui ont choisi de se donner la mort apparaissent alors à l'historien du droit particulièrement révélatrices des attitudes d'une société face à la mort. Relativement toléré dans la Rome antique, le suicide va faire l'objet d'une condamnation radicale de la part de l'Église. Condamnation reprise par la législation séculière et qui traverse les siècles jusqu'à nos jours. Notre droit semble toujours fortement marqué par l'anathème religieux, et l'on retrouve des stigmates de cette condamnation tant dans le droit public que dans le droit privé. De crime de lèse-majesté divine, le suicide semble aujourd'hui être devenu un crime de lèse-société, que seule une approche historique de sa répression juridique permet au juriste d'appréhender pleinement, éclairant ainsi le droit positifSuicide is a prominent phenomenon in France today. Whether an act of bravery or of cowardice, it is one of the last remaining taboos of our society. Suicide is in itself a profoundly disruptive influence, which is a serious inducement to society to protect itself through one of its key instruments of repression: the law. To the legal historian, the sanctions imagined to punish those who to take their own lives are particularly indicative of a society's attitude towards death. While tolerated to some extent in ancient Rome, suicide was radically condemned by the church, and has been condemned by secular legislation down the centuries since. Our law is still deeply marked by the religious anathema, and the stigma of this condemnation is still apparent in public and private law alike. Once a crime of divine leze-majesty, suicide now seems to have become a crime against society that the law scholar can only fully apprehend through a historical approach to legal repression, shedding light on positive law
2
Nery, Luciene de Jesus. "O comportamento suicida e a religiosidade: revisão sistemática de literatura." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2013. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=6482.
Abstract:
O papel da religiosidade na determinação do comportamento suicida é controverso, havendo estudos que a consideram um fator protetor e outros um fator de risco. Neste estudo os autores conduziram uma revisão sistemática da literatura para avaliar a relação entre a religiosidade e o comportamento suicida. Dentre os 154 artigos publicados em periódicos científicos inicialmente identificados nas bases Medline, Lilacs, Scielo e PsycInfo, foram selecionados 59 artigos que enfocavam a associação entre religiosidade e comportamento suicida. Para a avaliação dos atributos qualitativos dos artigos foi desenvolvido um Roteiro de Avaliação Qualitativa. Os resultados mostram que grande parte dos artigos encontrados apresentava falta de rigor metodológico na mensuração do conceito de religiosidade, possivelmente devido à característica subjetiva desse constructo. Contudo, verificou-se que o papel protetor contra o comportamento suicida exercido pela religiosidade, sofre variações de acordo com a cultura na qual está inserida, considerando que para algumas culturas o comportamento suicida não é visto com total desaprovação. Porém, a maioria dos estudos reforça a hipótese de que a religiosidade diminui o risco de comportamento suicida nos indivíduos que professam algum tipo de credo e, que participam de algum espaço religioso. Não foram encontrados, nesta pesquisa, estudos que medissem a associação, entre religiosidade e comportamento suicida, em religiões de matriz africana.The role of religiosity in determining suicidal behavior is controversial, since there are tudies where its considered a protective factor and others, a risk factor. In this study, the authors conducted a systematic literature review to assess the relationship between religiosity and suicidal behavior. Among the 154 articles published in scientific journals initially identified in Medline, Lilacs, SciELO and PsycInfo, we selected 59 articles that focused on the association between religiosity and suicidal behavior. To evaluate the qualitative attributes of the articles, a Qualitative Evaluation Script was developed. The results show that most articles found presented a lack of methodological rigor in measuring the concept of religiosity, possibly due to the subjective characteristic of this construct. However, it was found that the protective role against suicidal behavior exercised by religion, varies according to the culture in which it operates, whereas in some cultures suicidal behavior is not seen with total disapproval. However, most studies support the hypothesis that religiosity reduces the risk of suicidal behavior in individuals who profess some kind of belief, and participates in some religious space. Were not found, in this research, studies which measure the association between religiosity and suicidal behavior in religions of African origin.
3
Flores, Cornejo Fiorela, Tome Mayumi Kamego, Pachas Mariana A. Zapata, and German F. Alvarado. "Weighing the evidence for suicide prevention." Associac¸a˜ o Brasileira de Psiquiatria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/579697.
4
May, Alexis Merry. "Distinguishing suicide attempters from suicide ideators." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27236.
Abstract:
Suicidal ideations and attempts are a major public health problem. Most known risk factors predict suicidality overall, rather than attempt or ideation specifically. Limited research has investigated risk factors that distinguish individuals who attempt suicide from individuals who only think about suicide. Existing demographic, psychological, personality, and sociodemographic risk factors were investigated in 3 samples using validated questionnaires and structured interviews. Cross-sectional data was gathered from 1,348 college students and 2,011 military recruits. Ten-year longitudinal data was gathered from 49 clinically depressed adults. Results from the cross-sectional samples (college students and military recruits) suggest that most risk factors for suicidality do not differentiate attempters from ideators. Risk factors that did appear associated with attempts over ideation were female gender, non-suicidal self-injury, amphetamine use, and a domain of impulsivity - lack of premeditation. Among women, the personality trait of manipulativeness was associated with ideation over attempts. Results from the longitudinal sample (depressed adults) suggest that co-morbid personality disorders, co-morbid anxiety disorders, co-morbid substance use disorders, social adjustment difficulties, and a poor maternal relationship predict suicide attempts in the next 10 years among suicide ideators. Co-morbid personality disorder, especially in Cluster B, appear to be the strongest predictors of attempts in the depressed ideating sample. Further research is needed to replicate these findings and identify further unique predictors of suicide attempts among ideators. This will aid in suicide risk assessment and the development of a comprehensive theory of suicidality.
5
Inderbitzin, Kurt. "Suicide." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2005. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/224.
Abstract:
A woman, who believes she is terminally ill, hires a man to kill her, believing that's the only way for her to escape a drawn-out, painful death while still allowing her husband to collect on life insurance. But soon after hiring the man, she realizes she's not dying, that she's been set-up.
6
Stillman, Amy Paskett. "Utah Mental Health Professionals' Recommendations for Working with Youth at Risk for Suicide." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2016. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6081.
Abstract:
Suicide has immediate and long-term negative effects on surviving family members and adverse effects in the school and community. Suicide rates for children and adolescents have increased in the United States since 2009. As part of suicide prevention efforts, information about risk factors and warning signs are typically addressed in schools, private organizations, and communities. In addition to academic literature for professional audiences, various therapeutic resources are available to assist those who grieve the suicide of a loved one. In particular, practical and easy-to-implement interventions are needed by those who offer support to suicidal individuals and survivors of suicide. Practical resources are needed to address suicide prevention, intervention, and postvention needs. This study is based on a questionnaire that was given to 250 registered individuals at an annual state suicide prevention training conference. Of those attending, 60 (24%) completed the questionnaire. Participants who did not have experience working with suicidal youth did not participate, so the actual participation rate was influenced by this factor. Questions explored the recommendations of mental health professionals (N=60) who worked with (a) suicidal youth, (b) siblings of youth who completed suicide, and/or (c) youth whose parent completed suicide. More specifically this study investigated specific strategies and resources for working with these three specific groups of survivors. Findings from this study indicated that mental health professionals recommend a variety of suicide prevention resources and strategies such as implementing evidenced-based prevention programs, accessing community resources, offering individual and group counseling for survivors, involving or creating support systems, and listening to the affected youth. Also, recommended therapeutic approaches should include an action plan where students are able to receive appropriate mental health services. Based on this study, mental health professionals may be more effective as they acquaint themselves with available resources such as counselors, school psychologists, and community services to comprehensively care for struggling individuals. Mental health professionals, educators, and staff members should obtain relevant information and utilize effective intervention models in order to better address the prevention, intervention, and postvention needs of surviving individuals.Recommendations are made for future research in identifying the combination of resources that are most helpful. Recommendations are also made regarding specific content and training strategies to more effectively prepare and equip professionals to engage more fully in effective and supportive suicide prevention efforts.
7
Law, Yik-wa, and 羅亦華. "Silent suicides: studies on the non-contact group of suicide." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48079662.
Abstract:
Background: Substantial attention has been given to studying suicides
among those who had been in contact with healthcare providers. However,
effective suicide prevention must target both users (contact) and non-users of
healthcare services (non-contact). The non-contact group has been
under-researched and prevention programs are often designed based on studies
that over-rely on samples of the contact group. Using both quantitative and
qualitative methods, this thesis aims to retrospectively explore and explain the
profiles and service-use patterns of the non-contact group alongside service
utilization models. The quantitative studies, which aimed to identify factors
associated with the non-contact groups, were conducted based on the samples
drawn from the psychological autopsy study of suicides (aged 15-59) in Hong
Kong (2003-2005).
Study 1: Portfolio analysis of the non-contact group with psychiatric illnesses
Considering psychiatric illness as the basic “evaluated need” for psychiatric
service-use, it was controlled for in the comparison between the contact (n=52;
43.7%) and non-contact group (n=67; 56.3%). The non-contact group was
associated with having relatively stable employment, a higher level of problem
solving ability, unmanageable debts, and non-psychotic disorders. They were
evidently different from the contact group, while accounting for a larger
proportion of the suicide population.
Study 2: Study of suicides without psychiatric illnesses
Twenty-nine suicide cases without any psychiatric diagnoses were compared
to live controls without diagnoses (n=135), and live controls (n=15) and deceased
(n=86) with non-psychotic diagnoses. They were not significantly different to the
groups with psychiatric illness on the level of impact from various life events,
either acute or chronic, including relationship, family, legal, physical, and job
insecurity. However, with fewer signs of detectable abnormalities such as previous
suicide attempts, they were not given timely attention from healthcare or
psychosocial services. Alternative preventive measures are suggested to address
the service needs arising from their negative life events.
Study 3: Study of suicides with distress from job insecurity
Suicides who were employed at time of death tended to make no contact
with healthcare services. They were single, lived alone, earned less income, and
suffered from depression. Chronic job insecurity, which was partially mediated by
psychiatric illness, was found to influence their non-contact pattern. This could be
due to fear of job loss or being stigmatized at work if they decided to receive
treatment. Strengthening mental health programs and financial management in
workplaces is suggested.
Study 4: Study of perceptions towards pathway to care among patients survived
from near-lethal suicide attempts
The personal accounts of patients that survived from near-lethal suicide
attempts revealed that the higher their suicide intent, the lower their perceived
needs and the greater their resistance to receiving healthcare services. Themes
associated with their non-contact pattern were irrelevancy, non-usefulness and
self-reliance. Their views were detouring or against the pathway to care.
Conclusion: The non-contact pattern of suicides cannot be explained by
conventional service-use models. They showed a distinctive profile from the
contact group, and it is suggested that they be helped through proactive prevention
programs and / or population-based preventive measures, e.g. restriction of suicide
means.published_or_final_version
Social Work and Social Administration
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
8
Shepherd, Nicole. "Suicide survivors and the reactive suicide phenomenon." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=99563.
Abstract:
A mail survey was conducted with 49 suicide survivors from 13 different suicide support groups across Canada. Participants were asked about their experiences of grieving a suicide and if the suicide was part of a cluster. Quantitative and qualitative research methodology was used in the coding and analysis of the data. A theory diagram was devised to test four hypotheses. Results of the regression analyses contradicted one hypothesis: showing that an increase in coping mechanisms may heighten levels of grief for a suicide survivor. The number of possible suicide linkages was highly significant with 5 of the 49 participants answering positively when asked if the suicide they were grieving was part of a cluster. Suicide bereavement groups were consistently rated as beneficial or very beneficial by participants. Lastly, content analysis of the open-ended questions showed a common experience of stigma associated with a suicidal death for survivors.
9
Cramer, Ryan. "Experiences of newly qualified south african psychologists dealing with suicidal behaviour." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/5677.
Abstract:
Suicidal behaviour is a phenomenon encountered the world over. Recognising and adequately dealing with such behaviours, in a professional setting, is a role expected of a psychologist. Working with suicidal behaviour is influenced by a variety of factors on the part of the psychologist. These may include, inter alia, experiences they may have had with suicidal behaviour, the training they have received in order to deal with such behaviours and their subjective experience of self-efficacy in dealing with such behaviours. The current qualitative study sought to explore and describe the experiences of recently qualified South African psychologists in dealing with suicidal behaviour through semi-structured interviews. The focus was on newly qualified clinical psychologists who received their masters training at a university in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. The study aimed to understand how confident, equipped, and ready newly qualified psychologists perceived themselves in dealing with suicidal behaviour. Three major themes emerged from the data. The first describes the strategies psychologists used in order to recognise potential suicidal behaviour, the second was how newly qualified psychologists managed suicidal behaviour, and the final theme described how psychologists could be prepared for their role to deal effectively with these behaviours. Investigating their experiences enabled the participants to contribute towards creating knowledge in this crucial area of psychological practice and allowed for the discovery of invaluable insights which could benefit the future training of psychologists.
10
Boyer, Elisabeth. "Les suicides et tentatives de suicide en Polynésie française : étude épidémiologique (1988/1999)." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR2M046.
11
Eisner, Lori Rachel. "A Transdiagnostic Model of Suicidal Ideation and Suicide Attempts." Scholarly Repository, 2010. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/358.
Abstract:
Suicide is one of the most tragic issues in mental health. Suicide has traditionally been studied as an outcome of specific psychiatric disorders. The goal of this study was to consider whether there might be underlying dimensions across psychiatric disorders that are related to suicidality. This study proposed a transdiagnostic model of suicidality. Psychiatric symptoms were hypothesized to load onto three factors: Negative Mood, Impulsivity, and Arousal. Factors were then examined as predictors of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Data were drawn from the National Comorbidity Survey-Replication Study (NCS-R). Structured interviews were conducted in two parts using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). All survey respondents (N = 9,282) were administered the core diagnostic assessment. Those who met criteria for a psychiatric disorder, met subthreshold lifetime criteria and sought treatment at some time in their life, or ever in their life made a plan to commit or attempt suicide were administered Part II of the interview and are the sample of interest in this study (N = 5,692). The sample was representative of non-institutionalized civilian adults ages 18 or older whose primary language was English. Factor analyses revealed three modified factors: a Negative Mood/Emotional Arousal factor, a Negative Thinking factor, and a Recurrent Substance Use factor. Negative Mood/Emotional Arousal was a strong predictor of suicidal ideation. Suicidal ideation mediated the relationship between Negative Mood/Emotional Arousal and suicide attempts, controlling for Negative Thinking. Negative Thinking, Recurrent Substance Use, and suicidal ideation predicted suicide attempts. When number of suicide attempts was examined as the dependent variable, the model did not fit the data, suggesting that these factors were not as helpful in predicting highly recurrent suicide attempts. Recurrent Substance Use moderated the relationship between Negative Mood/Emotional Arousal and suicide attempts, demonstrating that, as negative mood increases, people with high levels of recurrent substance use are more likely to make a suicide attempt compared to people with mean or low levels of recurrent substance use. In sum, results of this study support two distinct pathways to making a suicide attempt: a direct relationship between negative thinking and suicide attempts, as well as an interaction between negative mood/emotional arousal and recurrent substance use. Several limitations including issues of sampling, the cross-sectional nature of the data, self-report bias, and the structure of the CIDI instrument, were taken into account in interpreting the results. Clinical implications and future directions for research are discussed.
12
Camarra, Josée. ""Partir revenir" : compte rendu de tentatives de suicide." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60613.
Abstract:
This thesis is about attempted suicides and is based on open and in-depth interviews of 31 individuals who have attempted suicide once or several times. The phenomenon is presented through the concept of "career" and from the subject's point of view. Its first objective is to reconstruct the sequence of events that marks the experience of individuals who had decided to commit suicide but have failed in their project.This sequence starts with the decision to commit suicide, the choice of method, followed by the act itself; it is characterized by an interruption that triggers different forms of intervention: physical treatment in a hospital and psychiatric evaluation; it continues with the return of the individual to his/her familiar circle, facing the life conditions he/she had wanted to leave.
Reconstructing this experience emphasizes the solitary, the physical and the uncertain nature of the suicidal act. It also shows how individuals who do not complete their suicide will be caught in disconcerting and compromising situations, and that their act will force them to justify themselves to different audiences and will taint their relationships with others. Finally, the analysis indicates that the terms in which individuals envisage suicide are transformed in the course of their experience.
13
Snihurowych, Emily. "Youth suicide." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq22730.pdf.
14
McCoy, Amanda A. "Suicide Pelicans." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1273025986.
15
Herenio, Alexandre Castelo Branco. "Autoextermínio na Adolescência: Um Estudo Sobre Ideação, Tentativa e Suicídio entre Adolescentes da Cidade de Goiânia." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2016. http://tede2.pucgoias.edu.br:8080/handle/tede/3605.
Abstract:
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Suicide is a phenomenon present in all stages of life, however, the World Health Organization points to a significant increase in suicide rates among teenagers. Adolescence can be understood as a cultural phenomenon that marks the transition of roles and responsibilities from childhood to adulthood. The literature reports that the typical events of adolescence may contribute to the occurrence of suicide at this time of life. The purpose of this dissertation is to describe aspects related to suicide rates, and identify the incidence of ideations and suicide attempts among adolescents living in the city of Goiânia. For this purpose, three chapters will be presented organized in article format. The first chapter deals with a systematic review of the literature on suicide in adolescence. In this study, we analyzed 9 articles, 2 theses and 2 dissertations. It could be observed that the list of factors associated with suicide is extensive. The second chapter aims to describe the suicide rates of teenagers living in Goiânia from 2003 to 2013, and to investigate associated factors. For this purpose, the data of 10 to 19 yearold subjects provided by the Mortality Information System were analyzed - SIM, part of Ministry of Health responsible for the provision of information on mortality in Brazil. The results indicate a higher incidence of suicide among adolescents between 15-19 years old. However, it emphasizes a trend of increasing suicide among adolescent males between 10-14 years old. The third chapter aims to carry out an assessment of the prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempted suicide among teenagers in the city of Goiania in 2013. Also in this chapter, we evaluate the relationship between ideation and attempted suicide with self-reported problems behaviors through the Youth Self Report - YSR. The results indicate an association between ideation and suicide attempt with all behavioral problems. We also found that attempted suicide rates are higher than the rates of suicidal ideation among adolescents in this county. It is emphasized the importance of studies that understand the variables involved in suicidal behavior of adolescents, since it is the first step for the implementation of contention measures for this phenomenon.
O suicídio é um fenômeno presente em todas as etapas da vida, entretanto, a Organização Mundial de Saúde chama a atenção para um aumento significativo nas taxas de suicídio entre os adolescentes. A adolescência pode ser compreendida como um fenômeno cultural que marca a troca de papéis e responsabilidades da infância para os papéis e responsabilidades típicos da vida adulta. A literatura relata que os acontecimentos típicos da adolescência podem contribuir para a ocorrência do suicídio neste momento da vida. A proposta desta dissertação é descrever aspectos relacionados às taxas de suicídio, bem como identificar a incidência de ideações e tentativas de suicídio entre adolescentes residentes na cidade de Goiânia. Para tanto, serão apresentados três capítulos organizados no formato de artigo. O primeiro capítulo trata de uma revisão sistemática da literatura sobre o suicídio na adolescência. Neste estudo, foram analisados 9 artigos, 2 teses e 2 dissertações. Foi possível observar que é vasta a lista de fatores associados ao suicídio. O segundo capítulo tem por objetivo descrever as taxas de suicídio de adolescentes residentes na cidade de Goiânia durante o período de 2003 a 2013, bem como investigar características associadas. Para tanto, foram analisados os dados sobre suicídio de sujeitos de 10 a 19 anos disponibilizados pela Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade - SIM, órgão do Ministério da Saúde responsável pela disponibilização das informações sobre mortalidade no Brasil. Os resultados indicam uma maior incidência do suicídio entre os adolescentes de 15 a 19 anos. Entretanto, ressalta-se uma tendência de aumento do suicídio entre adolescentes do sexo masculino de 10 a 14 anos. O terceiro capítulo tem por objetivo realizar uma avaliação da prevalência de ideação e tentativa de suicídio entre os adolescentes da cidade de Goiânia no ano de 2013. Ainda neste capítulo, avalia-se a relação entre ideação e tentativa de suicídio com o autorrelato de problemas de comportamentos por meio do Youth Self Report - YSR. Os resultados indicam uma associação entre ideação e tentativa de suicídio com todos os problemas de comportamento. Encontraram-se também taxas de tentativa de suicídio superiores às taxas de ideação suicida entre adolescentes deste município. Ressalta-se a importância de estudos que compreendam as variáveis envolvidas no comportamento suicida de adolescentes, uma vez que este é o primeiro passo para que medidas de contenção deste fenômeno sejam implementadas.
16
Stern, Savannah. "Suicide and Suicide Prevention in Media and Mass Culture." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/2030.
Abstract:
With suicide on the rise nationwide, it is important now more than ever to prioritize suicide as a public health issue. This means raising awareness and conducting research aimed at developing new suicide prevention tools and strategies, as well as reevaluating and challenging already existent ones. Media messaging can be a great suicide prevention tool. Suicide depictions and reporting in different forms of media—including newspapers, online publications, film, television, and more—have the power to influence behavior. When reporting in a safe and appropriate manner, the media can influence behavior in a positive way and encourage help-seeking. However, reports that sensationalize and glamorize suicide have the potential to spark suicide contagion. Thus, when reporting on suicide it is crucial to be aware of best practices and recommendations developed by experts. In recent years, media campaigns aimed at suicide prevention have gained traction. While there has been some evidence suggesting the success of such campaigns, more research is needed in this area. Further research is also needed to assess the effects of fictional depictions of suicide in film and television.
17
Lussier, Stephen Gerard. "Counselor perspectives on suicide and suicidal ideation a qualitative study /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0004568.
Abstract:
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Florida, 2004.Typescript. Title from title page of source document. Document formatted into pages; contains 212 pages. Includes Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
18
Moran, Christine. "Passive Suicidal Ideation: A Clinically Relevant Risk Factor for Suicide." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1370623091.
19
Roberts, Monica L. "Adolescent Suicide Prevention| Life Experiences Contributing to Suicidal Ideation Resilience." Thesis, Saybrook University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10681251.
Abstract:
Suicide is a significant public health problem. It is among the top three chief causes of death for young people, ages 10-24 years (CDC, 2016). The majority of studies on suicide focus on what causes suicidal thoughts, suicidal attempts, and completed suicides (e.g., Dougherty, 2010; Shneidman, 1993; Van Orden et al., 2010). While these studies are crucial, it is also vital to understand why and how people survive and thrive. Focusing on adolescent suicide prevention through the lens of resiliency, the research questions are as follows: Why and how did suicidal adolescents decide against suicide?
Thirty-two participants (16 males and 16 females) from diverse ethnic and socioeconomic backgrounds, ages 21 to 50 years, completed an anonymous online self-report questionnaire. The data were analyzed, using Braun and Clarke's (2006) thematic analysis. The results of the analysis identified four areas in which suicidal adolescents find resiliency from suicidal thinking: social support and professional help, positive life event or circumstance, responsibility and or purpose, and religious and/or spiritual experience. Drawing from the linkages of the themes, the adolescent suicidal ideation theory was developed and explained.
The theoretical explanation, the first of its kind in regard to understanding why and how suicidal youths decide against suicide, is an important contribution in the fields of psychology and adolescent suicide prevention. It also serves to inform mental health professionals, educators, parents, adolescents, and children. Implications in the research highlight the buffering effects of personal connection (i.e., social and professional help), positive emotions, responsibility and purpose, and a religious and/or spiritual foundation in fostering suicidal ideation resilience. Suggested recommendations for policymakers include developing comprehensive training classes to promote healthy families and effective parenting; promoting age appropriate coping and problem-solving skills and resilience strategies to children and adolescents, starting a kindergarten through the twelfth grade (K-12), and six other recommendations are outlined in the discussion section of the paper. Further research could be conducted to strengthen the evidence-base of humanistic, existential, transpersonal, integrative, and trauma-informed therapies to help depressed and suicidal young people recover and acquire positive mental emotional health and wellness.
20
Thomas, Kathryn Ann, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "Longitudinal evaluation of a risk-factor model for adolescent suicidality." Deakin University. School of Psychology, 2004. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20051208.100703.
Abstract:
This research developed two best-fitting structural equation models of risk factors for adolescent depression and suicidality: a core model, which included parenting factors, gender, depression, and suicidality, and an extended model, which also encompassed personality traits (Introversion and Impulsivity) and mood factors (Anxiety and Anger). Further, this research investigated the consistency of model fit across time (Le., 1 month & 12 months) and samples, and explored the effectiveness of the ReachOut! Internet site as a psychoeducational prevention strategy for adolescent depression and suicidality. Gender, age, and location differences were also explored.
Participants were 185 Year-9 students and 93 Year-10 students aged 14 - 16 years, from seven secondary schools in regional and rural Victoria. Students were given a survey which included the Parental Bonding Instrument (Parker, Tupling, & Brown, 1979), the Millon Adolescent Personality Inventory (Millon, Green, & Meagher, 1982), the Profile of Mood States Inventory (McNair & Lorr, 1964), items on suicidal behaviour including some questions from the Revised Adolescent Suicide Questionnaire (Pearce & Martin, 1994), and questions on loss and general demographics.
Results supported an indirect model of risk factors, with family factors directly influencing personality factors, which in turn influenced mood factors, including depression, which then influenced suicidality. At the theoretical level, results supported Attachment Theory (Bowlby, 1969), demonstrating that perceived parenting styles that are warm and not overly controlling are more conducive to an adolescent's emotional well-being than are parenting styles that are cold and controlling. Further, results supported Millon's theory of personality (1981), demonstrating that parenting style influences a child's personality.
Short-term intervention effects from the internet site were a decrease in Introversion for the full sample, and decreased Inhibition and Suicidality for a high-risk subgroup. Long-term age effects were decreased Inhibition and increased Anxiety for the fall sample. There was also a probable intervention effect for Depression for the high-risk subgroup. No location differences for the risk factors were found between regional and rural areas.
21
O'Donnell, Ian Michael. "Suicide and attempted suicide on the London Underground Railway System." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7789.
22
Weissman, Myrna M., Roger C. Bland, Glorisa J. Canino, Steven Greenwald, Hai-Gwo Hwu, Peter R. Joyce, Elie G. Karam, et al. "Prevalence of suicide ideation and suicide attempts in nine countries." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-103284.
Abstract:
Background. There are few cross-national comparisons of the rates of suicide ideation and attempts across diverse countries. Nine independently conducted epidemiological surveys using similar diagnostic assessment and criteria provided an opportunity to obtain that data.
Methods. Suicide ideation and attempts were assessed on the Diagnostic Interview Schedule in over 40000 subjects drawn from the United States, Canada, Puerto Rico, France, West Germany, Lebanon, Taiwan, Korea and New Zealand.
Results. The lifetime prevalence rates/100 for suicide ideation ranged from 2·09 (Beirut) to 18·51 (Christchurch, New Zealand). Lifetime prevalence rates/100 for suicide attempts ranged from 0·72 (Beirut) to 5·93 (Puerto Rico). Females as compared to males had only marginally higher rates of suicidal ideation in most countries, reaching a two-fold increase in Taiwan. Females as compared to males had more consistently higher rates for suicide attempts, reaching a two- to three-fold increase in most countries. Suicide ideation and attempts in most countries were associated with being currently divorced/separated as compared to currently married.
Conclusions. While the rates of suicide ideation varied widely by country, the rates of suicide attempts were more consistent across most countries. The variations were only partly explained by variation in rates of psychiatric disorders, divorce or separation among countries and are probably due to cultural features that we do not, as yet, understand.
23
Gill, Iqbal Kaur. "Punjabi Sikh parents' beliefs about suicide and suicide-related behaviours." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/23348.
Abstract:
This study is the first to describe first generation Canadian Punjabi Sikh parents’ beliefs about suicide and suicide-related behaviours. Through an ethnographic approach the study sought to uncover the parents’ beliefs about the causes and consequences of suicide, reaction and interventions utilized in response to adolescent suicide and suicide-related behaviours, barriers to seeking mental health services and current help seeking behaviours. Semi structured individual interviews were conducted with four groups of participants: first generation Canadian Punjabi Sikh parents of adolescents, second generation Canadian Punjabi Sikh young adults, South Asian mental health therapists and medical professionals, and a Punjabi Sikh community leader.
The findings of the study revealed the believed causes of suicide and suicide-related behaviours to be peer relations, lack of attention from parents, parental pressure to succeed, hormonal changes, and mental illness. Initially parents reported their emotional response to be shock and anger, followed by a range of other emotions. The interventions parents utilize in response to suicide and suicide-related behaviours are the Sikh religion, western health care, communication and monitoring of adolescent behaviour, and alternative healing methods. Barriers to accessing mental health services were identified to be a lack of comprehension of the concept of mental health, awareness of available services, and the Punjabi culture; the Sikh religion was identified not to be a barrier to seeking services. Although the help seeking behaviours of first generation Canadian Punjabi Sikh parents have changed in recent years, further education is needed to raise awareness of adolescent suicide and suicide-related behaviours. The findings of the study have important implications for the provision of culturally appropriate mental health services for adolescent suicide and suicide-related behaviours.
24
Weissman, Myrna M., Roger C. Bland, Glorisa J. Canino, Steven Greenwald, Hai-Gwo Hwu, Peter R. Joyce, Elie G. Karam, et al. "Prevalence of suicide ideation and suicide attempts in nine countries." Cambridge University Press, 1999. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A26426.
Abstract:
Background. There are few cross-national comparisons of the rates of suicide ideation and attempts across diverse countries. Nine independently conducted epidemiological surveys using similar diagnostic assessment and criteria provided an opportunity to obtain that data.
Methods. Suicide ideation and attempts were assessed on the Diagnostic Interview Schedule in over 40000 subjects drawn from the United States, Canada, Puerto Rico, France, West Germany, Lebanon, Taiwan, Korea and New Zealand.
Results. The lifetime prevalence rates/100 for suicide ideation ranged from 2·09 (Beirut) to 18·51 (Christchurch, New Zealand). Lifetime prevalence rates/100 for suicide attempts ranged from 0·72 (Beirut) to 5·93 (Puerto Rico). Females as compared to males had only marginally higher rates of suicidal ideation in most countries, reaching a two-fold increase in Taiwan. Females as compared to males had more consistently higher rates for suicide attempts, reaching a two- to three-fold increase in most countries. Suicide ideation and attempts in most countries were associated with being currently divorced/separated as compared to currently married.
Conclusions. While the rates of suicide ideation varied widely by country, the rates of suicide attempts were more consistent across most countries. The variations were only partly explained by variation in rates of psychiatric disorders, divorce or separation among countries and are probably due to cultural features that we do not, as yet, understand.
25
Tu, Hsiu-Chuan. "Suicide complex : a narrative and theatrical inquiry on suicide survivors." Thesis, University of Essex, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.701643.
Abstract:
This thesis is about the experiences of those who have lost their loved ones through suicide (called "suicide survivors"). Focusing on how they live their lives after the suicide and the unique features of their journeys, a methodology combining narrative and dramatic (applied theatre approach) is employed, including presenting the findings with narrative analysis. Jungian psychology serves as the theoretical basis for analysis and interpretation. With the aid of Papadopoulos' 'Trauma Grid' (TG) (Papadopoulos, 2007), the contributing factors to their experiences are explored, which include negative impacts, positive outcomes, and resilience. The central research question addresses the following: What are the unique features of suicide survivors' journeys and experiences? What contributes to the negative impacts, the positive 'and the unchanged? How can a combination of Jungian psychology and Papadopoulos' TG provide a theoretical framework to put the survivors' experiences in a unique perspective? How can the methodological principles of narrative and dramatic provide a platform for suicide survivors to tell stories which are true to their experiences? In what way do narrative and dramatic approaches provide an effective vehicle suitable for this type of bereavement? After gathering data and analysing the findings, the researcher has proposed a hypothesis of suicide complex that is responsible for the complexity of suicide. Suicide is a total problem, covering biological, psychological, sociological, and cultural factors. Although this complex explains the elevated suicidal risk for survivors, it also sheds light on the transmitting effect among the general public indirectly. To tackle the issue of reducing the suicide of survivors, the community and society need to collaborate together, helping survivors transform the tragic loss to positive growth.
26
McClay, Michael Matthew. "The Effect of Disclosure of Suicide Attempt on Suicide Risk." TopSCHOLAR®, 2017. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/2031.
Abstract:
Survivors of suicide attempts are at increased risk for future suicide, and there are few empirically validated treatments designed to reduce suicidal thoughts and behaviors among this population. The Interpersonal Psychological Theory of Suicide proposed that reducing suicidal individuals’ feelings of burdensomeness on others and disconnectedness from others will decrease the desire for suicide. Disclosing one’s history of suicidal behavior to a trusted confidant has been found to have a positive impact on depression symptoms, so the present study sought to evaluate the benefits of disclosing on measures of social support and proximal suicide risk described by the Interpersonal Psychological Theory of Suicide. Data were collected from 99 undergraduate students who reported at least one lifetime suicide attempt. Results indicated that disclosing one’s history of suicide attempt to one or two confidants had a positive indirect effect on depression, Perceived Burdensomeness, and Thwarted Belongingness via a pathway mediated by peer social support. However, disclosing to 3 individuals attenuated these positive effects. Results support existing treatments that incorporate disclosure of suicide attempt history or active suicidal ideation as a suicide prevention technique and recommend the use of disclosure as a way to facilitate increased social connectedness, thereby reducing desire for suicide.
27
Edwards, Stephen J. "No-suicide contracts, no-suicide agreements and no-suicide assurances : an exploratory study of their nature, utilization and perceived effectiveness." University of Western Australia. Social Work and Social Policy Discipline Group, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0149.
Abstract:
The research examined mental health practitioners' attitudes towards, satisfaction with and use of suicide prevention contracting (SPC) techniques. Survey respondents comprised consultant psychiatrists, clinical psychologists, occupational therapists, mental health nurses, psychologists, registered medical officers and social workers. A self-report questionnaire was mailed to 1347 potential respondents, together with three follow-up letters sent out at two-week intervals. There was a 31% response rate, producing 420 valid questionnaires. The results of the research re-confirm the historical trajectory of SPC, from its early beginnings as a relationship-based suicide-risk assessment technique to one that is used in contemporary practice by practitioners to meet a range of objectives. The research focused on three SPC techniques in operation in clinical practice: verbal no-suicide assurances, no-suicide agreements, and written no-suicide contracts. Analysis of the data suggests a number of important findings. The first of these is that practitioners perceive different utility among these three techniques. Secondly, the least experienced practitioners were significantly less likely to use no-suicide contracts, despite seeing more suicidality and having more formal training in the use of the technique. Thirdly, a practitioner's gender, and formal training were significant in the perception and application of SPC techniques. Finally, suicidal behaviours and completed suicide was a clinical outcome in some situations irrespective of the use and non-use of SPC. The findings of this research are used to provide an emerging conceptual framework and associated nomenclature that inform clinical decision-making in relation to SPC. In addition, a conceptual model is presented which demonstrates that the potential for injudicious use of SPC techniques is as much precipitated by individual factors as it is by broader environmental factors. Key words: no-suicide contracts, suicide prevention contracts, no-suicide agreements, no-suicide decisions, contingency contracting.
28
King, Anthony James Social Sciences & International Studies Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences UNSW. "Violence suicide masculinity." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Social Sciences & International Studies, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/42681.
Abstract:
Australia has one of the highest suicide rates in the developed world. Epidemiological data indicate that young men (15-25 years of age) make up one of the most vulnerable groups. The print media regularly portray men in this age group as aggressive and violent in various ways (on the sporting field, at war, in their cups, in contests and in leisure, all of which which take on many different forms). This dissertation presents a collection of such images gleaned over a number of years, the purpose of which is to evoke Durkheim's notion of suicidogenic currents that flow through the ??collective consciousness??, finding, according to Durkheim, their clearest expression in suicide rates. Using the notion of ??suicidogenic current?? as a sensitizing concept, this thesis traces the way in which violence weaves its way through social life and influences social relations that may be conducive to suicide. It will be argued that the images presented ?? arranged, for effect, as photomontages ?? express the celebration of violence as a powerful social trend which runs not only through social activity, but also through hearts and minds of contemporary persons; as such, it constitutes one of the suicide-inducing conditions in contemporary society.
29
Olindo-Weber, Silvana. "Stase et suicide." Paris 7, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA070027.
Abstract:
Le suicide reactionnel presente la particularite nosographique d'etre dans sa defini-tion determine, en tant que processus pathologique, aussi bien par des facteurs exogenes que par des facteurs endogenes; ce qui le differencie du suicide melancolique ou de celui du psychotique largement recouverts par les symptomes dominants de la melancolie et de la psychose. L'impact de cette double induction conduit a une methodologie qui prendra en compte 1- ce qui est de l'ordre du terrain suicidaire en rapport avec les theories centrees sur le sujet (surtout la theorie freudienne) 2- ce qui est de l'ordre de l'environnement en tant que facteur exogene determinant dans le declenchement de l'acte suicidaire 3- ce qu'il en est de l'interaction specifique de l'endogene et de l'exogene dans l'evolution d'un tel processus. - l'analyse d'un terrain suicidaire conduit au reperage d'un type de sujet defini comme sujet-limite. - le determinant principal des facteurs exogenes est l'action pathogene d'un parent intrusif. - dans les interactions specifiques endogene exogene il faut relever les ecarts d'appartenance au cours d'un mode de relation collusoire, la perte d'appartenance devant etre consideree comme facteur etiologique fondamental dans le passage a l'acte suicidaire. - une telle configuration necessite la mise en oeuvre d'une therapeutique de crise dont la caracteristique est d'etre centree sur des effets de regulation des tensions plutot que sur l'analyse des conflits. La therapeutique africaine traditionnelle offre dans ce domaine une reference et l'analyse des processus, confrontes dans une relation d'isomorphie fonctionnelle, permettra d'en degager la valeur operatoire.
30
Armengaud, Laurence. "Suicide et droit." Rouen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ROUEL362.
Abstract:
A la fois acte personnel et acte social, le suicide apparait d'emblee comme un phenomene complexe. L'approche juridique du suicide depend alors de l'angle sous lequel on aborde le sujet. Si le droit privilegie l'interet individuel du suicidant, il se doit de proteger le sujet contre lui-meme et contre les tiers. L'aspect individuel du suicide conduit en effet a reconnaitre l'inconscience du suicidant. Le suicide n'est pas un acte libre mais la consequence d'une angoisse profonde et incomprise du sujet. En revanche, si le droit aborde le suicide au regard de son incidence sociale, il privilegie a l'inverse la protection des tiers. Le droit a en effet pour objectif de preserver la societe et donc la vie. Suicide et droit sont alors antinomiques et il ne saurait etre question de consacrer droit ou liberte de se tuer. Partage entre la conception stoicienne et la conception medicale du suicide, le droit retient pour parametre la conscience du sujet. Plus le suicidant apparait libre, plus le droit tente de proteger la societe. A l'inverse, des que l'inconscience est admise, le sujet n'appelle plus que protection. Mais l'hypothese d'un sujet conscient est inadaptee au geste suicidaire etfausse ainsi les solutions juridiques. La confusion operee par le juriste resulte en realite d'une definition obsolete du suicide qui fait de la mort volontaire son synonyme. En effet, dire que le suicide est la mort volontaire implique necessairement la reconnaissance de la conscience du sujet. Le juriste peine alors a s'extraire de cette idee de conscience pour reconnaitre une realite autre, l'absence de volonte du sujet.
31
Wehrey, Béatrice. "Suicide et éthique." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992STR1M154.
32
Olindo-Weber, Silvana. "Stase et suicide." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376001239.
33
Athey, Alison J. "Trait Impulsivity and Its Association with Suicide Risk." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1467997145.
34
Halliday, Peter E. "Predicting when we die : the design and testing of a tool to predict, at useful levels, the intent to commit suicide in the Hong Kong community and a review of suicide in China, Taiwan and Singapore /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B22753862.
35
Deschenau, Alice. "Prévention du suicide en détention : approche évaluative d'un programme de prévention en maison d'arrêt à partir des vécus et représentations des personnes incarcérées." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20143/document.
Abstract:
La prévention du suicide en prison a fait l’objet d’études et expertises nationales et internationales permettant d’obtenir des informations épidémiologiques, de rechercher des profils à risque et de proposer des mesures pour les programmes de prévention. Elle manque notamment de travaux sur la clinique du suicide en prison, sur l’évaluation des mesures de prévention. Notre étude s’appuie sur une approche évaluative des mesures de prévention du suicide dans une maison d’arrêt. Nous avons proposé un entretien à des personnes incarcérées depuis 1 mois. Elles ont évalué l’utilité des 12 mesures de prévention avec une échelle de Likert en 5 points, émis des commentaires libres et indiqués au préalable si elles connaissaient le dispositif de prévention et y avaient eu recours. De plus, ont été complétés : le degré d’urgence suicidaire à J0, J7 et J28 et les facteurs l’ayant influencé, l’inventaire des raisons de vivre de Linehan (IRVL), le Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Vingt des 53 participants ont été suicidaires au cours du 1er mois ; seuls 15 ont déclaré connaître l’existence d’un dispositif de prévention. Huit mesures étaient perçues comme significativement utiles. Quatre ont obtenu un résultat ambivalent : limitation des points d’attache, doublement en cellule, surveillance spéciale et cellule de protection d’urgence. La recherche de corrélations a retrouvé différents liens selon les mesures avec l’état suicidaire, le recours au dispositif, l’IRVL, les troubles psychiatriques dépistés. Nous discutons comment les outils psychologiques peuvent être utiles pour l’évolution de chacune des mesures de prévention, pour l’adaptation du programme de prévention dans son ensemble, notamment en intégrant une participation des personnes incarcérées. De plus, préserver des espaces de parole dans l’application des mesures est apparu de manière interstitielle comme une attente essentielle des participants. Des propositions de mesures ont été formulées par ces derniers et offrent des perspectives pour l’avenirNational and international studies and reports about preventing suicide in jail have been published, giving information about epidemiology, suicide risk profiles. They also provide prevention measures. More researches are required to improve knowledge of clinical aspects of suicidal behaviors in prison and to evaluate prevention programs. The study consisted in an assessment of 12 measures of a local preventing suicide program. We asked prisoners who had been jailed since one month for an interview. First they had to tell if they knew about the existence of a prevention program. Second, they evaluated the usefulness of each measure in (5 points - Likert scale). They freely explained their choices. We asked them about suicidal ideation’s presence since they had arrived in jail, their urgency degree at D0, D8 and D28, and the factors that contributed to these states. They filled the Reasons for Living Inventory of Linehan (RLIL) and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Twenty of the 53 participants have had suicidal thoughts during the first month ; only 15 told they knew there was a suicide prevention program. Eight measures were noted as significantly useful. Four of them obtained a middle score : limitation of hanging points, cell doubling, special monitoring, special protection cell. The search for correlations have found different combinations of links between some measures, the suicidal states, use of the program, the RLIL and psychiatric disorders. We discuss about how psychological tools can be helpful to the evolution of each measure, to the adaptation of the global prevention program. Notably, the prisoners’ participation is in particular proposed. Moreover, preserving speaking time with freedom of expression in the application of the program was expected by the participants. At last, they proposed innovative methods that could serve as a lead for followup works
36
Persson, Maj-Liz. "Suicide attempt and genes : psychiatric and genetic characteristics of suicide attempters /." Stockholm, 1999. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1999/91-628-3760-5/.
37
Brown, Kristine Lynne. "Predictors of Suicide Ideation and the Moderating Effects of Suicide Attitudes." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1301765761.
38
Athey, Alison Joanne. "The Effects of Suicide-Specific Beliefs on Chronic and Acute Suicide Risk." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1594222626198112.
39
Sirovica, Elvira, and Ann-Catherine Martinelle. "”Du kan göra skillnad i människors liv utan att ha en aning om det” : En kvalitativ studie om några socialsekreterares syn på suicidalitet." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för socialt arbete - Socialhögskolan, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-80663.
Abstract:
During 2010, 1446 people committed suicide in Sweden. Research shows that groups that are less favored in society have an increased risk of suicide. Social services often encounter groups of people that have a high risk of suicide, for instance welfare recipients or substance abusers. The purpose of this study was to shed light on how social workers talk about suicide and how this might affect interactions with suicidal clients. The study is based on qualitative interviews with five social workers in Stockholm. The results were analyzed using the theory of professional discretion and the perspective of existentialism. The most important results were that social workers do not think that they can help suicidal clients on their own, instead they need psychiatric help. Meeting with suicidal clients raises a lot of feelings and one way to cope with this is by distancing oneself from the client. The study also showed that suicide is a complex issue and it can be hard to find a position between the human right of autonomy and the will to help people. Continuity was viewed as an important factor, but due to the work load it can be hard to follow up these clients.
40
Holmström, Cecilia. "Sjuksköterskors upplevelser av att möta den suicidnära patienten : Litteraturstudie." Thesis, Ersta Sköndal Bräcke högskola, Institutionen för vårdvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:esh:diva-7849.
Abstract:
Bakgrund: Suicid innebär att en människa avsiktligt och självförvållat skadar sig vilket leder till döden. Snabba och oförväntat försämrade tillstånd och död kan upplevas som oro och stress hos sjuksköterskan. Samtidigt är det sjuksköterskans plikt att möta, samtala och tolka patienten då det är i vårdrelationen en förståelse kan skapas för patientens suicidtankar. Attityder, kontext, tolkning av människosyn präglas av hur sjuksköterskans förhåller sig till den suicidala patienten. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva sjuksköterskors upplevelser och erfarenheter i relation till suicid och den suicidnära patienten. Metod: En systematisk integrativ litteraturöversikt har använts som metod. Både kvantitativa och kvalitativa artiklar har hämtats från databaserna Cinahl, PubMed och PsycInfo. Totalt inkluderades 13 artiklar i resultatet. Resultat: Tre huvudteman teman framkom i resultatet, Sjuksköterskans känslor i mötet med suicid, närhet och distans, samt att förstå suicidhandlingen. Känslor av skuld beskrevs som en konsekvent genomgående i mötet med den suicidala patienten. Även svårigheter i att reglera närhet och distans till patienten medförde en obalans i att distansera sig kontra att närma sig i mötet. Kontext och sociokulturell tillhörighet påverkade relationen mellan sjuksköterskan och patienten. Diskussion: I resultatdiskussionen har delar av resultatet diskuterats utifrån Patrica Benners omvårdnadsteori, det femte och sista stadiet. Det är viktigt att erbjuda sjuksköterskans möjlighet till vidare utbildning i bemötandet men också i de egna psykologiska processer som mötet med negativa känslor och eventuella trauma kan innebära.Background: Suicide means that a person intentionally and self-inflicted injures himself, which leads to death. Rapid and unexpectedly worsening conditions and deaths can be experienced as nurses' anxiety and stress. At the same time, it is the nurse's duty to meet, talk and interpret the patient as it is in the care relationship that an understanding can be created for the patient's suicidal thoughts. Attitudes, context, interpretation of human view are characterized by how the nurse's attitude to the suicidal patient. Aim: To describe nurses' experiences and experiences in relation to suicide and the suicidal patient. Method: A systematic integrative literature review has been selected. Both quantitative and qualitative articles have been used from the databases Cinahl, Pubmed and PsycInfo Knalf's integrative. Theoretical starting point was based on Patricia Benner's nursing theory where Benner's last and fifth stages were discussed. Results: Three main themes emerged in the result, Nurse's feelings in the meeting with suicide, proximity and distance, and understanding the suicide act. Feelings of guilt were described as consistent throughout the encounter with the suicidal patient. Difficulties in regulating proximity and distance to the patient also led to an imbalance in distancing versus approaching the meeting. Context and sociocultural belonging influenced the relationship between the nurse and the patient. Conclusions: In the result discussion, parts of the result have been discussed based on Patrica Benner's nursing theory, the fifth and last stage. It is important to offer the nurse's opportunity for further education in the treatment, but also in the own psychological processes that the encounter with negative emotions and possible trauma can entail.
41
Santos, José Henrique Catarino. "Suicide study : a psychological autopsy." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/12162.
Abstract:
RESUMO: O'suicídio'é'atualmente'um'problema'de'saúde'pública.'Estimarse'que'um'milhão'de'pessoas'
morra'anualmente'devido'ao'suicídio.'De'acordo'com'diversas'agências'e'organizações'estimar 'que'ocorram'entre'20'a'40'tentativas'de'suicídio'por'cada'suicídio'consumado.'Os'custos'associados'ao'suicídio,'quer'humanos'quer'económicos'são'enormes'e'estendemrse'à'família,'emprego,'economia'e'finanças.'Os'números'oficiais'do'suicídio'em'Portugal'indicam'uma'taxa ligeiramente'acima'dos'10'por' cada'100'000'habitantes'mas' comportando' regiões'onde' são'observadas' taxas' muito' elevadas,' como' no' Sudoeste' de' Portugal' onde' se' observam particularmente taxas 3'vezes'acima'da'média'nacional.'
Investigámos' o' fenómeno' com' os' objetivos' de' validar' a' técnica' de' autópsia' psicológica' em' contexto' comunitário' nunca' realizado' em' Portugal,' e' dar' um' contributo' para' uma'
compreensão'mais'alargada'deste'problema'de'saúde'pública,'especialmente'nesta'região'de'
Odemira.' A' autópsia' psicológica' consiste' em' reunir' detalhadamente' informação' sobre' a'personalidade' e' vida' de' alguém' que' morreu' em' circunstâncias' equívocas' (por' suicídio,' homicídio' ou' acidente)'recorrendo'ainda'a'registos'e'documentação,'bem'como'procedendo'a entrevistas' com' familiares,' colegas' ou' amigos.' Foi' feita' uma' adaptação' de' uma' entrevista'
semirestruturada' para' o' efeito.' Foram' recrutados' 2' grupos' de' participantes:' um' grupo' de familiares de pessoas que cometeram'suicídio'(n=30)'e'um'grupo'de'familiares'de'pessoas'que morreram de causas' naturais' (n=24).' O' estudo' decorreu' em' 3' momentos' com' sessões' de'
apresentação' (i),' sessões' de' preparação' (ii)' e' entrevistas' para' recolha' de' informação' e'monitorização.''
Os' principais' resultados'mostram' que' existiram' dificuldades' na' obtenção' da' informação' a'partir' dos' entrevistados,' a'maioria' dos' suicidas' eram'homens' acima' dos' 40' anos' de' idade,'
afetados' por' lesões' graves' ou' doenças' graves' ' no' período' adulto' embora' apresentassem'condições' válidas' para' trabalhar,' reformados,' vivendo' em' família,' com' traços' de'personalidade' amargurados,' tristes' ou' pessimistas,' com' escassas' atividades' nos' tempos' de'
lazer,' sem' problemas' somáticos' significativos' ou' perturbações'mentais' que' comunicaram' a intenção de morrer previamente'e'provenientes'de'famílias'sem'dificuldades'económicas'ou'relações'familiares'desadequadas.'
Tendo'em'conta'a'literatura,'algumas'das'características'parecem'ser'muito'particulares'desta'população.'Aparentemente'o'suicídio'poderá'ter'implicações'genéticas'que'deveriam'ser'tidas'em'conta'em'futuras'investigações.'
A'integração'da'saúde'mental'nos'cuidados'de'saúde'primários'afigurarse'urgente'tendo'em'
conta' que' a' escassez' de' profissionais' de' saúde'mental' é' enorme' numa' parte' do' país' onde'ocorre' o'maior'número'de' suicídios.'Mudar'de'modelo'e'reorganizar'os' serviços'de' forma'a' poder' dar' uma' resposta' ao' défice' de' tratamento' de' saúde' mental' e' ter' em' conta' os'
determinantes'sociais'da'saúde'para'fazer'face'ao'isolamento'é'fundamental.' ---------------ABSTRACT: Suicide' is,'nowadays,' a'public'health'problem.'A'million'dies' annually'by' suicide'worldwide.'
According'to'several'agencies'and'organizations'an'estimation'of'20'to'40'suicide'attempts'is advanced for each complete' suicide. Associated'costs'to'suicide,'both'human'and'economic,'are' huge' and' spread' on' family,' jobs,' economy,' and' finances.' Official' available' figures' for'
suicide' in' Portugal' indicate' a' rate' slightly' over' 10' for' each' 100' 000' inhabitants,' but' with'regions'where'one' can' actually' find'extremely'high' rates,' like' for' instance' in' the'Southwest'
part' of' the' country,' where' are' regularly' found' rates' 3' times' higher,' when' compared' to'national'average.''
We' have' investigated' the' phenomenon' aiming' to' validate' the' technique' of' psychological'autopsy' in' a' community' context' never' explored' before' in' Portugal' and' to' contribute' for' a'
wider' understanding' of' this' public' health' problem,' especially' in' this' region' of' Odemira.'
Psychological'autopsy'consists'into'a'detailed'gathering'of'information'about'the'personality'and' life' of' someone' died' in' equivocal' circumstances' (suicide,' homicide,' accident),' registries and other'documentation'as'well'as'interviews'with'family'members,'corworkers'and'friends.'
An' adaptation' of' a' semirstructured' interview' was' made.' Two' groups' of' participants' were'recruited: a'group of'relatives'of'people'committing'suicide'(n=30),'and'a'group'of'relatives'of'people' whose' death' was' after' natural' causes' (n=24).' Study' was'made' in' 3'moments' with'presentation'sessions;'(i)'preparation'sessions;'(ii)'interviewing'data'collection'and'monitoring' iii).''
Main'results'showed'difficulties'to'obtain'information'from'interviewees,'most'suicides'were' from males over 40 years old, affected'by'serious'illness'or'severe'injury'in'adulthood'but'valid'to'work,'retired,'living'in'family,'with'bitterness,'sad'or'pessimistic'as'personality'traits,'with'few' leisure' activities,' without' significant' health' somatic' problems' or' mental' disorders,'communicating'intention'to'die'previously,'coming'from'families'with'no'indication'of'financial'distress'or'inadequate'family'relationship.'
Taking'into'account'the'literature'it'looks'like'some'features'seem'to'be'quiet'particular'from'this'population.'Apparently'one'might'say'that'suicide'could'have'genetic'implications'which'further'research'should'account'in'the'future.'
Integration' of'mental' health' into' primary' care' is' urgent' once' the' scarcity' of'mental' health'
professionals' is' enormous' in' a' part' of' the' country' where' most' suicides' occur.' Scaling' up services must go in order'to'address'to'treatment'gap'and'social'determinants'of'health'should'be'taken'into'account'to'face'isolation.'
Results' show' that' the' profile' of' the' suicidal' in' the' region' of' Odemira' is' particular' and'implications' of' genetics' should' be' taken' into' account.' Moreover' much' can' be' done' in'organization' of' services' in' the' region' where' we' performed' the' present' study' in' order' to'address'to'treatment'gap'for'mental'disorders'and'to'the'social'determinants'of'health.
42
Nabors, Erik Stephen Heilbrun Kirk. "Risk and protective factors for suicide attempt and self-harm in individuals with a history of psychiatric hospitalization /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2004. http://dspace.library.drexel.edu/handle/1860/335.
43
Ross, Patricia Wilson 1949. "THE EARLY ADOLESCENT'S EYE VIEW OF YOUTH SUICIDE." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275492.
44
Andersson, Tanetta E. "“Nobody Talks About Suicide, Except If They’re Kidding”: Disenfranchised Grief, Coping Strategies, and Suicide Survivor Identity in Peer Suicide Grievers." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1339195947.
45
Heney, Janet Carleton University Dissertation Psychology. "Dying on the inside; suicide and suicidal feelings among federally incarcerated women." Ottawa, 1996.
46
Pollock, Leslie Ronald. "Suicide and suicidal risk in a rural context : social and psychological factors." Thesis, Bangor University, 2000. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/suicide-and-suicidal-risk-in-a-rural-context--social-and-psychological-factors(2b5cc415-d25e-48e4-8735-3377a8ef5c7c).html.
Abstract:
In a series of studies, rural and urban suicides were compared and the psychological factors underlying suicidal behaviour investigated. In the first study suicides in a Nfid-Wales county were examined and contrasted with a group of urban suicides. The pattern of rural suicides was found to differ from the urban suicides. Rural suicides were more evenly spread through the age bands, mostly married and used more violent means of death. Farmers comprised a large proportion of rural suicides and seem to differ from rural suicides in general in that 88% were over 45 years of age, most died of hanging, only 13% left notes and they had no record of previous suicide attempts. The factors that might cause farmers stress were examined. This showed that farmers found form filling and adjusting to government policy most stressful. Isolation was relatively unimportant as a stressor. In the third study the role of mood and problem solving in suicidal behaviour was investigated in three matched groups (suicidal, psychiatric control and non-psychiatric control). The suicidal group was found to display a careless and impulsive problem solving style and unique deficits in decision making and generation of alternative solutions. They were also more depressed, angry and confused. The problem solving deficits remained even when the effects of the mood differences were removed. The last study investigated the relationship between autobiographical memory and problem solving and found the suicidal group to be significantly more overgeneral in their memories, they produced fewer means and less effective problem solving solutions and these deficits were found to persist over time. These results were interpreted as support for these factors being trait features or alternatively requiring more time to recover. The findings were incorporated into a revised version of the "Cry of Pain" model of suicidal behaviour (Williams, 1997).
47
Hatton, Victoria R. "Secondary Teachers' Perceived Role in Suicide Prevention and Intervening with Suicidal Students." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4215.
Abstract:
Best practices in adolescent suicide prevention include teachers as major participants, because teachers are in a unique and frontline position to support students. Unfortunately, many teachers are unaware of their role in suicide prevention efforts. In addition to confusion about their roles, teachers may feel uncomfortable and/or lack confidence in their abilities to identify warning signs and intervene with suicidal students. This study assessed secondary teachers' (N = 74) perceptions of their role in suicide prevention as well as how they perceive their comfort and confidence levels in identifying and intervening with suicidal students. In addition, this study explored possible reasons teachers might feel uncomfortable assisting in suicide prevention. While teachers overwhelmingly agreed that they should have a role in adolescent suicide prevention, teachers also reported having limited confidence in their ability to identify or help potentially suicidal youth. Teachers also acknowledged limited training, fear of making the situation worse, and fear of legal repercussions as potential barriers to participating in suicide prevention efforts. Consequently, teachers will benefit from more direct training which clearly identifies their roles and allows opportunities for teachers to role play.
48
Bryant, Zenobia J. "Association of Dietary Intake With Suicidal Ideation or Suicide Attempts in Adolescents." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5681.
Abstract:
Suicide is among the leading cause of adolescent deaths worldwide and thus a significant public health concern. Risk factors for suicidal behavior include drinking alcohol, smoking, and engaging in risky sexual behaviors. One area of concern is dietary patterns and their association with depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation. Bandura's social cognitive theory emphasizes the assumption that one can perform specific actions to bring about desired outcomes. The primary research questions for this quantitative, retrospective, cross-sectional study concerned whether there is a statistically significant interaction between fruit and vegetable intake and suicidal ideation or suicide attempts. Data from 71,776 adolescents in the Centers for Disease Control's Youth Risk Behavioral Surveillance Survey were analyzed using complex samples binominal logistic regression. The dependent variable was suicidal ideation or suicide attempts, and the independent variable was intake of fruits and vegetables. Suicidal ideation was significantly, positively correlated with fruit and vegetable intake. Even after controlling for age, sex, race, and depression, there was a significant, positive correlation with fruit and vegetable intake. Suicide attempt was significantly, positively correlated with fruit and vegetable intake even after controlling for age, sex, race, and depression. Although the results of this study were contrary to previous findings, these results do support the claim that sugary foods and fast foods have a dopaminergic 'reward effect'. The findings may foster positive social change by identifying the relationship between fruit and vegetable intake and suicidal ideation or suicide attempts in adolescents.
49
Taylor, Jacqueline. "Illegal Drug Use, Suicidal Ideation, and Attempted Suicide Among New York Adolescents." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5663.
Abstract:
Suicide, ranked as one of the top five causes of death among adolescents, aged 15 to 19, claims numerous lives within the state of New York. Driven by the social cognitive theory, the objective of this quantitative cross-sectional study was to investigate the association among being offered, sold, or given illegal drugs, illegal drug use, being bullied, age, gender, ethnicity, suicidal ideation, and attempted suicide among adolescents in New York. The Centers for Disease Control 2015 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance data for 89,068 New York adolescents, Grades 9-12, were utilized in this study. There was increased risk of suicide ideation among those who were offered/sold/given drugs on school property (OR = 1.665), used heroin (OR = 2.735 - 4.186), Hispanic/Latino (OR = 1.466) or American Indian/Alaskan Native (OR = 1.802), aged 12 or younger (OR = 6.762), were bullied (OR = 2.728), and female (OR = 2.248). There was an increased risk of attempted suicide among those who were offered/sold/given drugs (OR = 1.578), currently used marijuana on a monthly basis or more (OR = 1.366-1.634), used heroin (OR = 5.023-20.267), aged 12 or younger (OR = 3.209), Black (OR = 1.443), Hispanics/Latino (OR = 1.976), American Indian/Alaskan Native (OR = 2.497), or of multiple races (OR = 2.121), were bullied (OR = 2.032) and female (OR = 1.822). These results served to support all the study's alternative hypotheses and the theoretical foundation of this study, and were consistent with findings of previous research. This study has implications for positive social change: the results could be used by Public Health practitioners to affect adolescent suicidal ideation and potentially suicide with the possibility of reducing adolescent morbidity and mortality.
50
Nigro, Rosa Giovanna. "DO COMMUNITY FACTORS INFLUENCE SUICIDE? AN APPLICATION OF STRUCTURALPLURALISM ON SUICIDE CASES." MSSTATE, 2008. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-04112008-141324/.
Abstract:
Suicide and suicidal behavior affect individuals of all ages, genders, races and religious groups in all countries, representing an important social issue. The major risk factor associated with suicide is depression. However, in some instances, suicide is not preceded by warning signs of mental disorders. Variations in the sociopolitical structures in the communities in U.S. may hold the explanation of variations on suicide rates. The objective of this study is to understand how suicide relates with variations in the community structure. Some specific socio-structural elements of a community have the potential to protect against distress by protecting individuals socio-psychological health. Specifically, variations in structural pluralism affect a communitys welfare because of the potential presence of dense networks of associations that create problem-solving capacity for the community. The problem solving capacity of communities results from pluralistic political structures with dense networks of associations, advocating civic welfare. As one of the consequences of influence on communitys welfare, the structural pluralism theory is tested here as a direct protection again suicide. To address this objective, county-level data are needed. Several data sources will be used to provide information essential for the analysis in this study. The suicide rates will be calculated from the Centers for Disease Control, National Center for Health Statistics Compressed Mortality File for the years of 1998-2002. To provide information on structural pluralism, data from the 2000 County Business Patterns will be used. The 2000 Census data and the Religious Congregations and Membership Study 2000 will be used to provide information on demographic characteristics.