Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Suicidal behavior'
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1
McCulloch, Ariana, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Education. "Psychopathological correlates of risk for adolescents in secure treatment." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Education, 2005, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/228.
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This research utilized data concerning adolescents at imminent risk for harm confined to the Edmonton and Lethbridge secure treatment centres in Alberta. Once screened for inclusion criteria in a single stage, non-random convenience sampling protocol, 210 files were included in the study. From these files, the adolescents' psychopathological diagnoses, Suicide Probability Scale (SPS) scores as well as other demographic data (including age, gender, ethnicity and previous suicide attempts) were recorded. This research was designed to delineate the characteristics of adolescents admitted to secure treatment, examine the overall suicide risk in this sample, investigate the relationship between study variables via crosstabulation and chi-square analysis, and to determine which independent variable/s best predicted suicide risk via ANOVA and multiple lineear regression analysis. Analysis results indicated that the sample was predominantly comprised of female adolescents, Caucasian ethnicity and was aged between 13 and 15 years. The majority of adolescents with suicide history information available in their file had previously attempted suicide. Youth demonstrated an average of 2.7 psychopathological diagnoses, the most frequent of which were conduct disorder, substance abuse, depression, adjustment disorder and parent child relational disorder. The majority of youth were in the moderate suicide risk category from SPS scores. Multiple linear regression analysis determined that the diagnoses of adjustment disorder and depression were found to be predictive of increased suicide risk scores, as was gender (females had higher risk scores), age (younger adolescents had higher risk scores) and previous suicide attempts. Those in the "other" ethnicity category demonstrated lower suicide risk scores.xi, 193 leaves ; 29 cm.
2
Camarra, Josée. ""Partir revenir" : compte rendu de tentatives de suicide." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60613.
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This thesis is about attempted suicides and is based on open and in-depth interviews of 31 individuals who have attempted suicide once or several times. The phenomenon is presented through the concept of "career" and from the subject's point of view. Its first objective is to reconstruct the sequence of events that marks the experience of individuals who had decided to commit suicide but have failed in their project.This sequence starts with the decision to commit suicide, the choice of method, followed by the act itself; it is characterized by an interruption that triggers different forms of intervention: physical treatment in a hospital and psychiatric evaluation; it continues with the return of the individual to his/her familiar circle, facing the life conditions he/she had wanted to leave.
Reconstructing this experience emphasizes the solitary, the physical and the uncertain nature of the suicidal act. It also shows how individuals who do not complete their suicide will be caught in disconcerting and compromising situations, and that their act will force them to justify themselves to different audiences and will taint their relationships with others. Finally, the analysis indicates that the terms in which individuals envisage suicide are transformed in the course of their experience.
3
Jones, Ian F. "Social factors in adolescent suicidal ideation and behavior." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1991. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332529/.
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The decision by teenagers either to consider or to attempt to commit suicide was addressed in this research. Covariance structure analysis (LISREL) techniques were used to examine the influence of four social-psychological factors (psychic disruption, delinquency, family disruption, and school problems) upon a suicidal orientation.
4
Dubé, John, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Education. "Suicidal children." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Education, 2004, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/218.
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This study gathers the literature on suicidal children and creates guidelines designed to assist professionals with assessing the suicidality of a child. Analysis of the literature reveals that there are varying ages of children used in the research, a lack of standardization for the definition of suicide, and resistance towards a collective research approach to understanding suicidal behaviour. The literature also identifies the important risk factors, which are incorporated into guidelines for determing this sucidality of a child: family discord and violence, depression, significant loss, poor and/or dysfunctional parent/child communication and bonding, aggressive behaviour, stress, physical abuse, parental separation/divorce, hopelessness, academic difficulties, prior suicide attempts, and viewing death as a temporary state of being.viii, 104 leaves ; 29 cm.
5
Cameron, Shri. "Psychological antecedents of suicidal behavior." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/4212.
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While research highlights a number of risk factors for suicide, not all individuals displaying these characteristics will go on to attempt suicide. Depressed mood is a proximal indicator of suicide, with deterioration in already depressed mood increasing the likelihood of a suicide attempt. The overall aim of this thesis was to empirically test the Cognitive Model of Suicide by Wenzel and Beck (2008). This model proposes that each of the three components, dispositional vulnerabilities, mood disturbance and suicide related cognitions, may influence each other to enhance the propensity for a suicidal crisis. The thesis starts by examining the relationship between two personality characteristics (neuroticism and trait aggression) and current depressed mood, and then focuses on the relationship between suicidality and current depressed mood. Although autobiographical memories have been implied as a possible risk factor for suicidality, meta-analytical studies have highlighted discrepancies between sampling techniques which may limit interpretablity. Therefore, the first series of studies aimed to establish a protocol for assessing autobiographical memories. The second and third series of studies aimed to investigate whether the relationships between current depressed mood and specific personality factors (neuroticism and trait aggression) were indirectly influenced by other known risk factors that may affect cognitive processing of information (rumination, overgenerality, impulsivity). Moreover, these studies aimed to determine whether the same cognitive processing factors effected current depressed mood in non-suicidal and suicide attempt groups. The final series of studies aimed to determine whether these risk factors (neuroticism, trait aggression, brooding, impulsivity, and overgenerality) mediated the relationship between suicidality and current depressed mood. Findings indicated that compared to the non-suicidal group, individuals in the suicide attempt group was more likely to be influenced by the effects of trait aggression and brooding, and that the combination of these factors were positively associated with current depressed mood. In contrast, neuroticism and impulsivity appeared to influence individuals who had experienced suicidal ideation more than individuals who report never having suicidal thoughts or attempting suicide. Compared to the non-suicidal group, however, neuroticism and impulsivity did not show a significant association for current depressed mood in the suicidal ideation group. Findings supported the Interacting Sub-Systems model and are discussed in relation to the Cognitive Model of Suicide model.
6
Goss, Kathy. "Factors Occurring in Youth Suicide Behavior in Oregon." PDXScholar, 1996. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1224.
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There has been an epidemic rate of increase in youth suicide since 1960. Professionals, teachers, counselors and parents want to identify youth at risk of suicide and intervene prior to an attempt or a suicide. The premise of this study is that youth who display similar risk factors as past attempters and completers may be at risk of attempting themselves and can be identified by these risk factors. This is a quantitative and descriptive study of youth suicide attempters and completers in the state of Oregon in 1989 and 1990 in an effort to further identify risk factors of youth suicide attempters and completers. The researcher petitioned the Oregon Center for Health Statistics and obtained databases of 1150 youth attempters and 40 suicide completers. The attempter database was compiled from a legislatively mandated informational form filled out in public and private hospital emergency rooms for anyone under 18 sustaining injuries due to a suicide attempt. The second database is compiled from death certificates for youth under 18, specifying suicide as the cause of death. Data, both in the number of cases, and in the depth of the material is sparse on suicide completers. The first question employed both databases to examine the demographic similarities and differences between youth suicide attempters and completers in Oregon in 1989 and 1990. The second and third research questions are answered using the attempter data base. The second question is an in depth examination of 18 social, psychological and behavioral factors taken from the attempter database, resulting in a description of the youth who have previously attempted in Oregon in 1989 and 1990. The third research question again studies the same 18 social psychological and behavioral factors of the attempter population, dividing it into subgroups of sex, race, and age. Through crosstabulation and the chi-square tests of statistical significance, each group was specifically described. A fourth research question called for a qualitative focus group of professional suicidologists who confirmed the findings by comparing them to their own practical experience.
7
Nabors, Erik Stephen Heilbrun Kirk. "Risk and protective factors for suicide attempt and self-harm in individuals with a history of psychiatric hospitalization /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2004. http://dspace.library.drexel.edu/handle/1860/335.
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Britton, Peter C., Orden Kimberly A. Van, Jameson K. Hirsch, and Geoffrey C. Williams. "Basic Psychological Needs, Suicidal Ideation, and Risk for Suicidal Behavior in Young Adults." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/862.
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Associations between the satisfaction of basic psychological needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness with current suicidal ideation and risk for suicidal behavior were examined. Two logistic regressions were conducted with a cross-sectional database of 440 university students to examine the association of need satisfaction with suicidal ideation and risk for suicidal behavior, while controlling for demographics and depressive symptoms. Suicidal ideation was reported by 15% of participants and 18% were found to be at risk for suicidal behavior. A one standard deviation increase in need satisfaction reduced the odds of suicidal ideation by 53%, OR (95% CI) = 0.47 (0.33–0.67), and the odds of being at risk for suicidal behavior by 50%, OR (95% CI) = 0.50 (0.37–0.69). Young adults whose basic psychological needs are met may be less likely to consider suicide and engage in suicidal behavior. Prospective research is needed to confirm these associations.
9
Ortín, Peralta Ana. "Risk factors for suicidal behavior in adolescence: the role of suicidal ideation." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/310416.
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Introducción:
La ideación suicida (IS) en adolecentes es un fenómeno complejo que incluye un continuo de
severidad; sin embargo, esta complejidad ha permanecido inexplorada en la literatura. Todavía se
desconoce como la IS progresa a lo largo del continuo de severidad (Estudio 1); y si
características especificas de la IS predicen la transición a futuros intentos suicidas (Estudio 2).
Objetivos:
(Estudio 1) Explorar: 1) la distribución y progresión de la IS a lo largo de un continuo de
severidad (ideación pasiva, ideación seria y plan suicida) en adolescentes evaluados 3 años
consecutivos; 2) si las formas de IS, estatus de minoría, genero, o trastornos psiquiátricos en año
1 (T1), predicen IS durante los dos años siguientes (T2-3); 3) si estatus de minoría, genero, o
trastornos psiquiátricos predicen IS en T2-3 en adolescentes sin conducta suicida en T1.
(Estudio 2) Explorar: 1) si varias preguntas de un screening de IS predicen de forma diferente
intento suicida durante un periodo de seguimiento de 4-6 años en adolescentes; 2) las
características especificas de IS que predicen mejor un futuro intento suicida entre adolescentes
con ideación en T1.
Métodos:
(Estudio 1) Adolescentes (N=1,221; 48% chicas) de 10-13 años en T1, que residen en South
Bronx, Nueva York (estatus de minoría) y San Juan y Caguas, Puerto Rico, y fueron evaluados 3
años consecutivos. Formas de IS, intento suicida y trastornos psiquiátricos (durante el año
anterior) se evaluaron con la DISC-IV.
(Estudio 2) Adolescentes (N=506, 61% niñas) identificados como parte de un screening en
estudiantes de bachillerato en la zona metropolitana de Nueva York. Completaron el Columbia
Suicide Screen, la DISC-2.3., el Inventario de Depresión de Beck. Adolescentes con IS en T1
(N=122) también completaron la Adolescent Suicide Interview con preguntas sobre las
características del episodio de IS más reciente. Los estudiantes fueron contactados 4-6 años más
tarde preguntarles por cualquier intento suicida desde T1.
Resultados:
(Estudio 1) Los análisis logísticos multinomiales sugirieron que la ideación pasiva en T1 predijo
significativamente ideación pasiva (OR=2,5) y activa (OR=2,7) en T2-3. Ideación activa
(ideación seria con/sin plan) mostró la asociación más fuerte con ideación pasiva (OR=3,9) y
activa (OR=26,0) en T2-3. Los trastornos del humor predijeron sólo ideación pasiva (OR=3,1), y
los trastornos de ansiedad y del comportamiento sólo ideación activa (OR=3,8; OR=2,6,
respectivamente) en T2-3. Entre adolescentes sin conducta suicida en T1, estatus de minoría y
trastornos de predijeron IS en T2-3.
(Estudio 2) Pensar frecuentemente sobre el suicidio (OR=3,5), seriamente (OR=3.1), y por mucho
tiempo (OR=2,3) se asociaron con un futuro intento suicida, controlando por genero, trastornos
psiquiátricos, e intentos previos. Sólo frecuencia de la IS permaneció significativa en el modelo
final. Entre ideadores, pensar en suicidio 1 hora o más (vs menos) se asoció con un futuro intento
(OR=3,6), controlando por genero, síntomas depresivos, intentos suicidas, y demás características
en T1, y también se asoció con hacer un intento antes.
Discusión:
Nuestros resultados sugieren que adolescentes con ideación pasiva están en riego de progresar a
ideación más severa. Las bajas tasas de ideación activa a esta edad pueden brindar la oportunidad
de implementar estrategias que impidan esta progresión, interviniendo en trastornos del humor
para prevenir ideación pasiva y de ansiedad y del comportamiento para prevenir ideación activa.
La evaluación de adolescentes en riesgo suicida debería incluir preguntas sobre la longitud del
episodio de ideación. Identificar las características de la IS que predicen un futuro intento es
crítico para la prevención, especialmente entre adolescentes sin intentos previos.Introduction: Adolescent suicidal ideation (SI) is a complex phenomenon that involves continuum of severity; however, in extant research this complexity has been overlooked. It remains unclear how SI progress along the continuum of severity (Study 1); and whether specific characteristics of SI predict the transition to future suicide attempts (SA) (Study 2). Objectives: (Study 1) To explore: 1) the distribution and progression of SI along a continuum of severity (passive ideation, serious ideation, and suicide plan) in early adolescence over 3-waves of assessment; 2) whether SI forms, minority status, gender, or psychiatric disorders at wave 1 predict SI at waves 2 and/or 3 (follow-up); 3) whether minority status, gender, or psychiatric predict SI at follow-up among adolescents without suicidal behavior at wave 1. (Study 2) To examine: 1) whether several forms of inquiry on a screen for SI differentially predict risk for a SA over a 4–6-year follow-up period among adolescents; 2) the specific characteristics of SI that best predict a future SA among a subsample of ideators. Methods: (Study 1) Adolescents (N=1,221; 48% girls) aged 10-13 years at wave 1, residing in the South Bronx, New York (minority status) and San Juan and Caguas, Puerto Rico, were assessed yearly for 3 waves. Past-year SI forms, SA, and selected psychiatric disorders were assessed with the DISC-IV. (Study 2) Adolescents (N=506, 61% female) identified as part of a high school screening in the New York City metropolitan area. Teens completed the Columbia Suicide Screen, selected modules from the DISC-2.3, the Beck Depression Inventory. Adolescents with SI at baseline (N=122) also completed the Adolescent Suicide Interview, which inquired about characteristics of their most recent SI episode. Adolescents were followed up 4-6 years later and assessed for any SA since baseline. Results: (Study 1) Full-adjusted multinomial logistic regression analyses revealed that passive ideation at wave 1 significantly predicted passive (OR=2.5) and active ideation (OR=2.7) at follow-up. Active ideation (serious ideation with/without plan) showed the strongest association with passive ideation (OR=3.9) and active ideation (OR=26.0) at follow-up. Mood disorders were significantly associated only with passive ideation (OR=3.1), while anxiety and disruptive behavior disorders were significantly associated with active ideation (OR=3.8; OR=2.6, respectively) at follow-up. Among adolescents without suicidal behavior at wave 1, anxiety disorders and minority status predicted incidence of SI (OR=2.1; OR=2.4, respectively). (Study 2) Thinking about suicide often (OR=3.5), seriously (OR=3.1), and for a long time (OR=2.3) were associated with a future SA, adjusting for gender, psychiatric disorders, and SA history at baseline. Only SI frequency remained significant (OR=3.6) when also adjusting for currency, seriousness, and duration. Among ideators, ideating 1 hour or more (vs. less) was associated with a future SA (OR=3.6), adjusting for gender, depressive symptoms, SA history, and other SI characteristics at baseline, and it was also associated with making a SA earlier. Discussion: Our findings suggest that early adolescents with passive ideation were at risk of transitioning to more severe ideation. The low rate of active ideation at this age may open a window to implement strategies that curb the progression along the continuum of severity, by targeting mood disorder to decrease risk of passive ideation; and anxiety and disruptive behavior disorders to prevent active ideation. Assessment of ideators at greatest risk of engaging in future SA should include inquiries about the length of a typical SI episode. Identifying specific SI characteristics that predict risk of future SA is a critical step in prevention, especially among adolescents without previous SA.
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Nery, Luciene de Jesus. "O comportamento suicida e a religiosidade: revisão sistemática de literatura." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2013. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=6482.
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O papel da religiosidade na determinação do comportamento suicida é controverso, havendo estudos que a consideram um fator protetor e outros um fator de risco. Neste estudo os autores conduziram uma revisão sistemática da literatura para avaliar a relação entre a religiosidade e o comportamento suicida. Dentre os 154 artigos publicados em periódicos científicos inicialmente identificados nas bases Medline, Lilacs, Scielo e PsycInfo, foram selecionados 59 artigos que enfocavam a associação entre religiosidade e comportamento suicida. Para a avaliação dos atributos qualitativos dos artigos foi desenvolvido um Roteiro de Avaliação Qualitativa. Os resultados mostram que grande parte dos artigos encontrados apresentava falta de rigor metodológico na mensuração do conceito de religiosidade, possivelmente devido à característica subjetiva desse constructo. Contudo, verificou-se que o papel protetor contra o comportamento suicida exercido pela religiosidade, sofre variações de acordo com a cultura na qual está inserida, considerando que para algumas culturas o comportamento suicida não é visto com total desaprovação. Porém, a maioria dos estudos reforça a hipótese de que a religiosidade diminui o risco de comportamento suicida nos indivíduos que professam algum tipo de credo e, que participam de algum espaço religioso. Não foram encontrados, nesta pesquisa, estudos que medissem a associação, entre religiosidade e comportamento suicida, em religiões de matriz africana.The role of religiosity in determining suicidal behavior is controversial, since there are tudies where its considered a protective factor and others, a risk factor. In this study, the authors conducted a systematic literature review to assess the relationship between religiosity and suicidal behavior. Among the 154 articles published in scientific journals initially identified in Medline, Lilacs, SciELO and PsycInfo, we selected 59 articles that focused on the association between religiosity and suicidal behavior. To evaluate the qualitative attributes of the articles, a Qualitative Evaluation Script was developed. The results show that most articles found presented a lack of methodological rigor in measuring the concept of religiosity, possibly due to the subjective characteristic of this construct. However, it was found that the protective role against suicidal behavior exercised by religion, varies according to the culture in which it operates, whereas in some cultures suicidal behavior is not seen with total disapproval. However, most studies support the hypothesis that religiosity reduces the risk of suicidal behavior in individuals who profess some kind of belief, and participates in some religious space. Were not found, in this research, studies which measure the association between religiosity and suicidal behavior in religions of African origin.
11
Cramer, Ryan. "Experiences of newly qualified south african psychologists dealing with suicidal behaviour." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/5677.
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Suicidal behaviour is a phenomenon encountered the world over. Recognising and adequately dealing with such behaviours, in a professional setting, is a role expected of a psychologist. Working with suicidal behaviour is influenced by a variety of factors on the part of the psychologist. These may include, inter alia, experiences they may have had with suicidal behaviour, the training they have received in order to deal with such behaviours and their subjective experience of self-efficacy in dealing with such behaviours. The current qualitative study sought to explore and describe the experiences of recently qualified South African psychologists in dealing with suicidal behaviour through semi-structured interviews. The focus was on newly qualified clinical psychologists who received their masters training at a university in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. The study aimed to understand how confident, equipped, and ready newly qualified psychologists perceived themselves in dealing with suicidal behaviour. Three major themes emerged from the data. The first describes the strategies psychologists used in order to recognise potential suicidal behaviour, the second was how newly qualified psychologists managed suicidal behaviour, and the final theme described how psychologists could be prepared for their role to deal effectively with these behaviours. Investigating their experiences enabled the participants to contribute towards creating knowledge in this crucial area of psychological practice and allowed for the discovery of invaluable insights which could benefit the future training of psychologists.
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Ngan, Chiu-wah Daniel. "Relationship between death attitude and suicidal behavior." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29760094.
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Мудренко, Ірина Григорівна, Ирина Григорьевна Мудренко, Iryna Hryhorivna Mudrenko, Оксана Іванівна Коленко, Оксана Ивановна Коленко, and Oksana Ivanivna Kolenko. "Neuroimaging correlates of suicidal behavior in dementia." Thesis, Cambridge University Press, 2021. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/87559.
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Cukrowicz, Kelly C., Sarah L. Brown, Sean M. Mitchell, Jared F. Roush, and Jameson K. Hirsch. "Feasibility of Assessing Suicide Ideation and History of Suicidal Behavior in Rural Communities." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1111/sltb.12378.
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Suicide in rural areas has not received significant attention in the research literature to this point, although suicide rates are higher among adults and older adults in rural areas than in urban areas. The aims of the study were as follows: (1) establish the feasibility of assessing suicide ideation and history of suicidal behavior; (2) determine preliminary estimates of the prevalence of suicide ideation, and history of suicide attempts; and (3) examine the effectiveness and acceptability of safety and referral plans for individuals whose responses indicated elevated suicide risk, in rural communities with limited access to referral care. Participants were 96 adults aged 40 to 85 years old (M = 57.34, SD = 11.47) residing in West Texas. Our results indicate that 26% of participants endorsed a lifetime history of suicide ideation and/or suicide attempt(s) and 12.5% reported suicide ideation in the past year. In addition, 93.4% of participants reported that participation in our suicide-focused study was an excellent or good experience. Results suggest that individuals in rural communities are willing to talk about suicide, found the experience helpful, and were satisfied with the referral process.
15
Chan, Ting-sam, and 陳廷三. "Suicide among children and youth under 21." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1992. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31976888.
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Liss, Heidi Jennifer. "Factors associated with adolescent suicidal gestures." [Tampa, Fla. : s.n.], 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000081.
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Law, Yik-wa, and 羅亦華. "Silent suicides: studies on the non-contact group of suicide." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48079662.
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Background: Substantial attention has been given to studying suicides
among those who had been in contact with healthcare providers. However,
effective suicide prevention must target both users (contact) and non-users of
healthcare services (non-contact). The non-contact group has been
under-researched and prevention programs are often designed based on studies
that over-rely on samples of the contact group. Using both quantitative and
qualitative methods, this thesis aims to retrospectively explore and explain the
profiles and service-use patterns of the non-contact group alongside service
utilization models. The quantitative studies, which aimed to identify factors
associated with the non-contact groups, were conducted based on the samples
drawn from the psychological autopsy study of suicides (aged 15-59) in Hong
Kong (2003-2005).
Study 1: Portfolio analysis of the non-contact group with psychiatric illnesses
Considering psychiatric illness as the basic “evaluated need” for psychiatric
service-use, it was controlled for in the comparison between the contact (n=52;
43.7%) and non-contact group (n=67; 56.3%). The non-contact group was
associated with having relatively stable employment, a higher level of problem
solving ability, unmanageable debts, and non-psychotic disorders. They were
evidently different from the contact group, while accounting for a larger
proportion of the suicide population.
Study 2: Study of suicides without psychiatric illnesses
Twenty-nine suicide cases without any psychiatric diagnoses were compared
to live controls without diagnoses (n=135), and live controls (n=15) and deceased
(n=86) with non-psychotic diagnoses. They were not significantly different to the
groups with psychiatric illness on the level of impact from various life events,
either acute or chronic, including relationship, family, legal, physical, and job
insecurity. However, with fewer signs of detectable abnormalities such as previous
suicide attempts, they were not given timely attention from healthcare or
psychosocial services. Alternative preventive measures are suggested to address
the service needs arising from their negative life events.
Study 3: Study of suicides with distress from job insecurity
Suicides who were employed at time of death tended to make no contact
with healthcare services. They were single, lived alone, earned less income, and
suffered from depression. Chronic job insecurity, which was partially mediated by
psychiatric illness, was found to influence their non-contact pattern. This could be
due to fear of job loss or being stigmatized at work if they decided to receive
treatment. Strengthening mental health programs and financial management in
workplaces is suggested.
Study 4: Study of perceptions towards pathway to care among patients survived
from near-lethal suicide attempts
The personal accounts of patients that survived from near-lethal suicide
attempts revealed that the higher their suicide intent, the lower their perceived
needs and the greater their resistance to receiving healthcare services. Themes
associated with their non-contact pattern were irrelevancy, non-usefulness and
self-reliance. Their views were detouring or against the pathway to care.
Conclusion: The non-contact pattern of suicides cannot be explained by
conventional service-use models. They showed a distinctive profile from the
contact group, and it is suggested that they be helped through proactive prevention
programs and / or population-based preventive measures, e.g. restriction of suicide
means.published_or_final_version
Social Work and Social Administration
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Rabon, Jessica Kelliher, Fuschia M. Sirois, and Jameson K. Hirsch. "Self-Compassion and Suicidal Behavior in College Students: Serial Indirect Effects Via Depression and Wellness Behaviors." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2747.
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Objective: College students may be at heightened risk for suicide and suicidal behavior due to maladaptive cognitive-emotional factors and failure to practice basic health behaviors. However, self-compassion and wellness behaviors may protect against risk. The relation between self-compassion and suicidal behavior and the contributing roles of depressive symptoms and wellness behaviors was examined. Participants: Participants were 365 undergraduate students. Data were collected in April 2015. Methods: A cross-sectional, survey design was employed. Participants completed measures assessing self-compassion, depressive symptoms, wellness behaviors, and suicidal behavior. Serial mediation analyses were conducted covarying age, sex, and ethnicity. Results: Self-compassion was inversely related to suicidal behavior, and this relationship was serially mediated by depressive symptoms and wellness behaviors. Conclusions: Self-compassion may protect against suicidal behavior, in part, due to reduced depressive symptoms and heightened engagement in wellness behaviors. Individual and campus-wide strategies promoting self-compassion and wellness behaviors may reduce suicide risk on college campuses.
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Rabon, Jessica Kelliher, Jon R. Webb, Edward C. Chang, and Jameson K. Hirsch. "Forgiveness and Suicidal Behavior in Primary Care: Mediating Role of Future Orientation." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2788.
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Forgiveness, a cognitive-emotional and behavioral reduction of negative responses to offenses, is directly related to less suicide risk, but may be indirectly related via its relation with future orientation, the ability to envision a positive future. In 100 rural primary care patients, we examined the association between self-forgiveness, other-forgiveness, and forgiveness by God and suicidal behavior, with future orientation as a mediator. Forgiveness was related to greater future orientation and, in turn, to, less suicidal behavior. Addressing the past may promote adaptive views of the future and reduce suicide risk, results suggesting potential temporal and forgiveness-based points for suicide prevention.
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Mudrenko, Iryna Hryhorivna, Ірина Григорівна Мудренко, and Ирина Григорьевна Мудренко. "Predictors of suicidal behavior in patients with dementia." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/57982.
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Gaynor, Sophia Catherine. "Genetic and functional approaches to understanding suicidal behavior." Diss., University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6108.
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Suicidal behavior, a complex phenotype encompassing attempted and completed suicide, has been shown through epidemiological studies to have a heritable component. Two major factors contribute to this heritability. The first is a preexisting psychiatric disorder, such as bipolar disorder or major depression. These disorders are heritable themselves, and individuals with these disorders are at a higher risk of suicide than the general population. The second contributing factor is thought to be independent of psychiatric disorders and more specific to suicide.
In order to investigate this independent factor, our lab previously conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of attempted suicide in bipolar disorder. This GWAS investigated common variation across the genome and implicated a number of genes and regions in attempted suicide. The first goal of this dissertation was to build upon the results of this GWAS by investigating both common and rare genetic variation through next-generation sequencing techniques. We did this by first conducting a whole-exome sequencing study to investigate rare genetic variation within coding regions across the genome. We did not identify any study-wide significant variation through this study, suggesting that coding variation with both moderately large effect size and moderately low frequency is likely not a major contributor to the heritability of suicidal behavior.
We next used a targeted sequencing approach to investigate several candidate genes and regions that had been implicated through our attempted suicide GWAS and the literature. This dissertation outlines four different candidate gene studies investigating variation in two genes (SAT1 and FKBP5), a set of 16 glutamatergic signaling genes, and one candidate region (2p25). Three of these studies were unable to identify any replicable significant variation, suggesting a need for larger sample sizes and more extensive sequencing coverage. However, the 2p25 study identified three variants that were significantly associated with attempted suicide in males. This finding suggests a sex-specific association of this region with suicide and highlights the need for sex-specific analyses within psychiatric genetics.
The second goal of this dissertation was to functionally assess our most promising findings from the sequencing studies. We did this using the CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing system to delete a segment of our implicated 2p25 region within cell lines. We were able to show that deletion of this segment affected gene expression across the genome, indicating our region does have regulatory potential. This functional assessment represents the first time such an approach has been taken in the field of suicide genetics.
Through the work outlined in this dissertation, we have produced sequencing data across the genome and even more extensive data for a number of candidate genes and regions. Additionally, we performed a functional assessment of one of our implicated regions. Functional characterization of GWAS and sequencing results will help us to better understand the basic biology of disease and, through this better understanding, improve treatment for complex disorders like suicidal behavior.
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Ross, Patricia Wilson 1949. "THE EARLY ADOLESCENT'S EYE VIEW OF YOUTH SUICIDE." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275492.
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Walker, Kristin L., Jameson K. Hirsch, Edward C. Chang, and Elizabeth L. Jeglic. "Non-Suicidal Self-Injury and Suicidal Behavior in a Diverse Sample: The Moderating Role of Social Problem-Solving Ability." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/844.
Full textAbstract:
Non-suicidal self-injury and suicidal behavior are prevalent in young adults, and often constitute a continuum of self-destructiveness. Not all those who self-injure, however, engage in suicidal behaviors with intent to die, perhaps due to protective intrapersonal characteristics. We examined the role of one such potential buffer, social problem-solving ability, as a moderator of the association between non-suicidal self-injury and suicidal thoughts and attempts, hypothesizing that individuals with greater social problem-solving ability would report fewer suicidal behaviors in relation to self-harm. An ethnically diverse sample was recruited from a large, Northeastern urban university, and completed self-report questionnaires assessing non-suicidal self-injury, suicidal behaviors, and social problem-solving ability. Multivariate hierarchical regression analyses were conducted. For the entire sample, individuals with higher social problem-solving abilities reported fewer suicidal behaviors associated with non-suicidal self-injury. In ethnically stratified analyses, social problem-solving significantly moderated the relationship between self-injury and suicidal behaviors for Whites and Hispanics only. Promotion of problem-solving skills may weaken the linkage between self-injury and potential for future suicidal behaviors for some individuals; however, culture-specific differences in this effect may exist.
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Cheung, Yee-tak. "Suicidal behaviours among illicit drug users." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/HKUTO/record/B39556992.
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Lee, Jerin, Edward C. Chang, Abigael G. Lucas, and Jameson K. Hirsch. "Academic Motivation and Psychological Needs as Predictors of Suicidal Risk." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1002/jocc.12123.
Full textAbstract:
This study examined academic motivation and basic psychological needs as predictors of suicidal risk (namely, depressive symptoms and suicidal behaviors) in a sample of 348 college students. Results from regression analyses indicated that academic motivation was a significant predictor of suicidal risk. The inclusion of basic psychological needs significantly augmented the prediction model. The authors discuss implications for considering academic motivation and basic psychological needs in college counseling on the basis of the results.
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張懿德 and Yee-tak Cheung. "Suicidal behaviours among illicit drug users." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39556992.
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Torraville, Margaret Ann. "Adolescent suicidal behaviours : a phenomenological study of mothers' experiences /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ62436.pdf.
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Dangel, Trever J., Jon R. Webb, and Jameson K. Hirsch. "Forgiveness and Suicidal Behavior: Cynicism and Psychache as Serial Mediators." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2748.
Full textAbstract:
Research is burgeoning regarding the beneficial association of forgiveness with numerous health-related outcomes; however, its particular relationship to suicidal behavior has received relatively little attention. Both cynicism and psychache, or agonizing psychological pain, have displayed deleterious associations with suicidal behavior, but have rarely been incorporated into more comprehensive models of suicidal behavior. Consistent with the recent development of a theoretical model regarding the forgiveness–suicidal behavior association, the present study utilized an undergraduate sample of college students (N = 312) to test a mediation-based model of the cross-sectional association of forgiveness with suicidal behavior, as serially mediated by cynicism and psychache. Dispositional forgiveness of self and forgiveness of uncontrollable situations were each indirectly associated with less suicidal behavior via less psychache. Also, dispositional forgiveness of others was indirectly associated with less suicidal behavior via less cynicism and less psychache, in a serial fashion. The present results are consistent with the extent literature on the forgiveness–suicidal behavior association, cynicism, and psychache, and pending future studies, may be utilized to inform further treatment efforts for individuals at a high risk of attempting suicide.
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Bruns, Kristin L. "Protective Factors as Predictors of Levels of Suicidal Ideation and Suicidal Behavior in the College Population." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1416171056.
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Lerner, Miriam Suzanne. "Treatment of suicide ideators: a problem-solving approach." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54386.
Full textAbstract:
The present study compares two types of treatments designed to reduce suicidal ideations: social problem-solving therapy and supportive therapy. Social problem-solving therapy is based on research indicating that suicidal individuals have deficits in problem-solving skills in general and in interpersonal problem-solving skills, in particular. Supportive therapy was chosen as a comparative treatment to control for nonspecific effects of problem-solving therapy and to provide an ethical alternative treatment.
The results indicated that problem-solving therapy was more effective than supportive therapy for reducing depression and for improving interpersonal problem-solving self-efficacy at posttest. At 3 month follow-up there continued to be differences between the groups in depression, but not in problem-solving self-efficacy. In addition, at follow-up problem-solving therapy was more effective than supportive therapy for reducing hopelessness and loneliness. Although there were no differences between the groups on severity of suicidal ideations, within group analyses revealed that problem-solving therapy significantly reduced severity of ideations over time.
The findings suggest that social problem-solving therapy is a more effective treatment than supportive therapy for reducing depression, hopelessness, and loneliness of suicidal individuals. This may be due to social problem-solving deficits being a key problem for suicidal individuals. Although there are several limitations to the study, such as small sample sizes, it provides an example of treatment research with suicidal individuals. Similar studies would be useful to further evaluate empirically-based treatments for suicidal individuals.Ph. D.
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Hirsch, Jameson K., Jon R. Webb, and Elizabeth L. Jeglic. "Forgiveness as a Moderator of the Association Between Anger Expression and Suicidal Behaviour." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/678.
Full textAbstract:
Anger is often associated with poor physical and mental health, including suicidal behaviour. Anger expression is typically conceptualised as inward or outward-directed, with each mode of expression having potentially different aetiologies and health manifestations. Individual characteristics such as religion or spirituality may buffer against the effects of anger. One such characteristic, forgiveness, is the voluntary process of changing ones’ beliefs, behaviours, and emotions towards a transgressor from negative to positive. We examined forgiveness of self, forgiveness of others and feeling forgiven by God as moderators of the relationship between anger expression and suicidal behaviours in a sample of 372 ethnically diverse college students. In independent and full models, we found that forgiveness of self was a significant moderator of the association between inward and outward anger and suicidal behaviour. Interventions targeting anger via the promotion of forgiveness may be useful in the prevention of suicide ideation and attempts.
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Rowe, Catherine A., Kristin L. Walker, Peter C. Britton, and Jameson K. Hirsch. "The Relationship Between Negative Life Events and Suicidal Behavior." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/668.
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Background: Individuals who experience negative life events may be at increased risk for suicidal behavior. Intrapersonal characteristics, such as basic psychological needs, however, may buffer this association. Aims: To assess the potential moderating role of overall basic psychological needs, and the separate components of autonomy, competence, and relatedness, on the association between negative life events and suicidal behavior. MethodOur sample of 439 college students (311 females, 71%) completed the following self-report surveys: Life Events Scale, Basic Psychological Needs Scale, Beck Depression Inventory ; II, and the Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised. Results: In support of our hypotheses, negative life events were associated with greater levels of suicidal ideation and attempts, and satisfaction of basic psychological needs, including autonomy, relatedness, and competence, significantly moderated this relationship, over and above the effects of the covariates of age, sex, and depressive symptoms. Conclusions: Suicidal behavior associated with the experience of negative life events is not inevitable. Therapeutically bolstering competence, autonomy, and relatedness may be an important suicide prevention strategy for individuals experiencing life stressors.
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Thomas, Kathryn Ann, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "Longitudinal evaluation of a risk-factor model for adolescent suicidality." Deakin University. School of Psychology, 2004. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20051208.100703.
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This research developed two best-fitting structural equation models of risk factors for adolescent depression and suicidality: a core model, which included parenting factors, gender, depression, and suicidality, and an extended model, which also encompassed personality traits (Introversion and Impulsivity) and mood factors (Anxiety and Anger). Further, this research investigated the consistency of model fit across time (Le., 1 month & 12 months) and samples, and explored the effectiveness of the ReachOut! Internet site as a psychoeducational prevention strategy for adolescent depression and suicidality. Gender, age, and location differences were also explored.
Participants were 185 Year-9 students and 93 Year-10 students aged 14 - 16 years, from seven secondary schools in regional and rural Victoria. Students were given a survey which included the Parental Bonding Instrument (Parker, Tupling, & Brown, 1979), the Millon Adolescent Personality Inventory (Millon, Green, & Meagher, 1982), the Profile of Mood States Inventory (McNair & Lorr, 1964), items on suicidal behaviour including some questions from the Revised Adolescent Suicide Questionnaire (Pearce & Martin, 1994), and questions on loss and general demographics.
Results supported an indirect model of risk factors, with family factors directly influencing personality factors, which in turn influenced mood factors, including depression, which then influenced suicidality. At the theoretical level, results supported Attachment Theory (Bowlby, 1969), demonstrating that perceived parenting styles that are warm and not overly controlling are more conducive to an adolescent's emotional well-being than are parenting styles that are cold and controlling. Further, results supported Millon's theory of personality (1981), demonstrating that parenting style influences a child's personality.
Short-term intervention effects from the internet site were a decrease in Introversion for the full sample, and decreased Inhibition and Suicidality for a high-risk subgroup. Long-term age effects were decreased Inhibition and increased Anxiety for the fall sample. There was also a probable intervention effect for Depression for the high-risk subgroup. No location differences for the risk factors were found between regional and rural areas.
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Kaniuka, Andrea, Kyle Long, Byron Brooks, Erin Poindexter, Jameson K. Hirsch, and Kelly C. Cukrowicz. "Non-Suicidal Self Injury and Suicidal Behavior in College Students: Conditional Indirect Effects of Substance Abuse and Thwarted Interpersonal Needs." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/629.
Full textAbstract:
Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), or deliberate self-harm, and suicidal behaviors are significant public health concerns, and college students may be at particular risk. For instance, approximately 17% of college students engage in NSSI and suicide is the 2nd leading cause of death in college students. Commonalities between NSSI and suicidal behavior exist, including etiology; as an example, misuse of substances and interpersonal difficulties are related to both outcomes. For college students, substance use disorders and social dysfunction are two of the most common psychosocial problems; for instance, 22% of students report illicit drug use and social isolation, loneliness and separation from traditional support systems are common collegiate stressors. According to the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide, two pertinent interpersonal risk factors are perceived burdensomeness (the belief that one is a liability to others) and thwarted belongingness (the unmet need to belong among others). When present, substance misuse and interpersonal dysfunction may facilitate the transition between NSSI and suicidal behavior; however, this premise has not been previously examined. As such, we hypothesized that substance abuse would mediate the relation between NSSI and suicidal behavior, such that engagement in NSSI would be related to greater use of substances and, in turn, to suicidal behavior. Further, we hypothesized that thwarted interpersonal needs would moderate this mediating effect, such that increased TB and PB would exacerbate the mediating effect of substance misuse. Our sample of college students (N=338) was primarily white (89.6%; n=294), female (67%; n=225), and had an average age of 21.8 years (SD=4.7). Participants completed the Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised, the Self-Harm Inventory, the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire, and the Drug Abuse Screening Test. Supporting hypotheses, substance abuse partially mediated the relationship between NSSI and suicidal behavior (DE=1.30, SE=.10, p
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Wong, Yuk-ming Alice, and 黃毓明. "Suicidal ideation and its predictors in the community sample of adolescence in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31971362.
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West, Bethany A. "A Closer Look at Gender Specific Risks in Youth Suicidal Behavior Trends: Implications for Prevention Strategies." restricted, 2008. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-12052008-154812/.
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Thesis (M.P.H.)--Georgia State University, 2008.Title from file title page. Monica H. Swahn, committee chair; Frances McCarty, committee member. Description based on contents viewed June 19., 2009. Includes bibliographical references (p. 67-69).
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Hirsch, Jameson K., K. L. Walker, S. Nsamenang, and P. Loess. "Affect and Suicidal Behaviors: The Mediating Role of Alcohol and Drug Use." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/606.
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Chang, Edward C., Liangqiu Wan, Pengzi Li, Yuncheng Guo, Jiaying He, Yu Gu, Yingjie Wang, et al. "Loneliness and Suicidal Risk in Young Adults: Does Believing in a Changeable Future Help Minimize Suicidal Risk Among the Lonely?" Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/662.
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This study examined loneliness and future orientation as predictors of suicidal risk, namely, depressive symptoms and suicide ideation, in a sample of 228 college students (54 males and 174 females). Results of regression analyses indicated that loneliness was a significant predictor of both indices of suicidal risk. The inclusion of future orientation was found to significantly augment the prediction model of both depressive symptoms and suicide ideation, even after accounting for loneliness. Noteworthy, beyond loneliness and future orientation, the Loneliness × Future Orientation interaction term was found to further augment both prediction models of suicidal risk. Consistent with the notion that future orientation is an important buffer of suicidal risk, among lonely students, those with high future orientation, compared to low future orientation, were found to report significantly lower levels of depressive symptoms and suicide ideation. Some implications of the present findings for studying both risk and protective factors associated with suicidal risk in young adults are discussed.
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Ball, Lorraine Vivien. "Continuity and commitment in adolescence : a cognitive-developmental study of suicidal and nonsuicidal youth." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28576.
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This research was conducted in the hope of making some contribution to the emerging field of developmental psychopathology through an examination of the relations between progressive movement toward social-cognitive maturity and socioemotional adjustment in adolescence. The two developmental matters of particular concern were the contrastive ways in which suicidal and nonsuicidal adolescents undertake to secure a sense of their own personal continuity across time, and a sense of conviction in the face of growing skeptical doubts. Alternative accounts of suicidal behaviour generally fail to offer any explanatory framework with which to account for the sudden and dramatic increase in suicidal behaviour during the adolescent years. It is argued in this thesis that the self-destructive tendencies of suicidal youth may be better understood as behavioural manifestations of difficulties in dealing with the developmental matters of personal continuity and nascent skeptical doubt More specifically, the arguments presented in this thesis lead to the hypotheses that suicidal adolescents are less able than their nonsuicidal age-mates to 1) adequately warrant their own and others' persistent identity across time, and 2) make use of more mature strategies for dealing with issues of uncertainty and doubt.
To test these predictions, 29 psychiatrically hospitalized suicidal adolescents, who were subsequently categorized in to either a high suicide risk group (n=13) or a low suicide risk group (n =16), and an age- and sex-matched group of 29 high school students were individually administered: (1) The Continuity Measure, comprised of 2 stories and a semi-structured interview procedure which inquires into how subjects warrant their own and others' personal continuity in the face of dramatic personal change; (2) The Nascent Skeptical Doubt Interview, also comprised of 2 stories and an associated semi-structured interview procedure aimed at determining subjects' characteristic strategies for dealing with uncertainty; and (3) The Nascent Skeptical Doubt Questionnaire, which permits the placement of respondents along an objectivist-relativist dimension.
The results of this study indicate that, in comparison to their nonhospitalized age-mates, the psychiatrically hospitalized suicidal adolescents did evidence difficulties both in their abilities to understand how they and others could be said to remain continuous or self-same persons throughout time, and in their ability to cope with questions of uncertainty and doubt. In addition, adolescents at high risk for suicide were distinguished from other psychiatrically hospitalized individuals at low risk to suicide, and from their high school age-mates by: 1) their unique inability to find any workable means of justifying persistent identity across change; and 2) by their more extreme endorsement of absolutistic views in the face of uncertainty. These findings are seen to lend support to the general theoretical attempt of this thesis to interpret certain socioemotional difficulties experienced by adolescents as arising from a developmental asynchrony between progressive movement toward the more abstract, relativized, and self-reflective modes of thought associated with cognitive maturity, and the task of securing more mature strategies for dealing with the reconceptualizations of the problems of continuity and doubt which these cognitive advances necessitate. In addition, a number of theoretical, diagnostic, and treatment implications which are seen to follow from the results of this study are discussed.Arts, Faculty of
Psychology, Department of
Graduate
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Southerland, Jodi L., Shimin Zheng, Mark Dula, Yan Cao, and Deborah L. Slawson. "Relationship Between Physical Activity and Suicidal Behaviors Among 65,182 Middle School Students." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/131.
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Background:
The psychosocial benefits of participating in physical activity (PA) are well known; less is known about the relationship between suicidal behaviors and PA among adolescents, especially among middle school-aged youth. This study seeks to fill that gap by assessing the cross-sectional relationship between these variables.
Methods:
A secondary analysis of the 2010 Tennessee Middle School Youth Risk Behavior Survey data was conducted among 65,182 middle school students. Items examined were PA, sports team engagement, physical education (PE) class, screen time, suicidal behaviors, drug/substance use, extreme weight control behaviors, weight status and weight misperceptions, and selected personal characteristics. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the association between PA, sports team engagement, and PE class attendance on suicidal behaviors.
Results:
Sports team engagement was significantly associated with suicidal thoughts, plans, and attempts even after controlling for other important variables. There was no relationship, however, between total PA or PE class attendance in univariate or multivariate models, respectively.
Conclusions:
Findings suggest that sports team engagement is associated with reduced risk for suicidal thoughts, plans, and attempts, whereas, no relationships were found for PA or PE class attendance. Asking adolescents questions about sports team engagement may help clinicians screen for risk of suicidal behaviors.
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Treaster, Morgan K., Jessica K. Rabon, Kelly C. Pugh, Annemarie Weber, Niko Kohls, Fuschia M. Sirois, and Jameson K. Hirsch. "Fibromyalgia Impact and Suicidal Behavior: Effects of Stress and Self-Compassion." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/609.
Full textAbstract:
Fibromyalgia, a chronic illness characterized by widespread muscle pain, tenderness, joint stiffness, and fatigue, affects 3-6% of the world’s population. Symptoms of fibromyalgia impact the ability to complete daily activities, such as cooking, cleaning or employment, possibly leading to greater perceived stress and, in turn, to engagement in suicidal behavior. For persons with fibromyalgia, pressure to complete previous routines, and emergence of frustration at the inability to do so, may result in the experience of being overwhelmed by stressors. Further, persons with fibromyalgia are at greater risk for both mental health difficulties and suicidal behavior than persons in the general population; for example, depressive symptoms, including self-blame, are three times more common. However, not all individuals with fibromyalgia experience overwhelming distress or engage in suicidal behaviors, perhaps due to the presence of individual-level protective factors. One such factor is self-compassion, which is composed of self-kindness, common humanity, and mindfulness. Positive emotions directed toward the self may buffer against illness-related stressors and feelings of inadequacy and loss associated with impact of disease and functional impairment, thereby decreasing suicide risk.
At the bivariate level, we hypothesized that fibromyalgia impact would be positively related to stress and suicidal behaviors, and that self-compassion would be negatively related to all of these variables. At the multivariate level, we hypothesized that stress would mediate the relation between fibromyalgia impact and suicidal behaviors, and that self-compassion would moderate this mediation effect such that greater self-compassion would weaken the linkages between impairment and stress, impairment and suicidal behavior, and stress and suicidal behavior.
Our sample of individuals with fibromyalgia (N=508) were primarily White (91.8%; n=383) and female (95.7%; n=401), and completed self-report measures including: Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire-Revised, Depression Anxiety Stress Scales, Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form, and Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised. Bivariate correlations and multivariate analyses, per Hayes (2013), were conducted covarying age, sex, and ethnicity. In bivariate correlations, fibromyalgia impact was positively related to stress and suicidal behaviors and negatively related to self-compassion (p
Supporting hypotheses, our results suggest that self-compassion may protect against the development of stress related to fibromyalgia impact and subsequent risk for suicidal behaviors, and may have clinical implications. Therapeutic interventions focused on alleviating stress (e.g., meditation, stress inoculation therapy) and promoting self-compassion (e.g. mindful self-compassion training, positive self-talk) could ameliorate the perceived impact of fibromyalgia-related stressors and, thus, risk for engagement in suicidal behaviors.
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Maruta, N., Ірина Григорівна Мудренко, Ирина Григорьевна Мудренко, and Iryna Hryhorivna Mudrenko. "Clinical-psychopathologic mechanisms of formation of suicidal behavior in dementia." Thesis, Cambridge University Press, 2020. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/83450.
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Suicidal behavior (SB) is one of the main problem of the public health. Along with a cognitive deficiency, nonadaptive forms of behavior, including SB, are registered in more than 50% of patients with dementia.
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Jenkins, Abigail Lauren. "A MULTIMETHOD APPROACH TO ASSESSING SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR AMONG SELF-INJURERS." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2014. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/287930.
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PsychologyPh.D.
Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicidal behavior are prevalent problems, particularly among young adults. However, previous research on factors that might impact the severity of NSSI is limited, with no studies examining concurrently demographic and psychological risk factors, along with how reasons for engaging in, and emotional states surrounding, NSSI might impact its course. Furthermore, no studies to date have examined how these variables may be associated with laboratory-based behavioral indicators of NSSI severity. Similarly, the relationship between NSSI and suicide has been largely unexplored until recently. The few studies that have been conducted to date have relied primarily on self-report batteries of symptoms, largely neglecting interview and performance-based methodologies. The current study used a multi-method approach to elucidate factors associated with: 1) co-morbid suicidal behavior and 2) NSSI severity among a sample of young adults who engage in NSSI. Finally, the current study sought to develop an algorithm for predicting suicidal behavior among self-injurers by simultaneously examining all study variables to determine which variables best differentiated between those with and without a history of suicidal behavior. Hypotheses: It was hypothesized that: 1) greater endorsement of self-punishment, emotion regulation, sensation seeking, and addiction functions of NSSI, along with decreases in negative affect and increases in positive affect during NSSI, would be independently associated with a history of suicidal behavior after controlling for relevant demographic and diagnostic characteristics, and 2) greater endorsement of self-punishment, emotion regulation, sensation seeking, and addiction functions, along with decreases in negative affect and increases in positive affect during NSSI, each would be independently associated with a more severe course of NSSI as indicated by a greater number of self-reported acts and methods of NSSI, stronger implicit associations with NSSI, and higher levels of behavioral self-aggression. Methods: Participants were 68 undergraduates aged 18-26 who had engaged in at least 5 acts of NSSI, with at least one in the past six months. Twenty-eight participants endorsed little or no previous suicidal ideation and were in the NSSI Only group. Forty participants endorsed clinical levels of suicidal behavior (plans or attempts) in their lifetime and were in the NSSI+Suicidal Behavior group. Participants completed a screening procedure during which they completed self-report measures of lifetime history of NSSI and suicidal behavior, as well as self-report measures of impulsivity and affect regulation. Participants who met inclusion criteria were enrolled in the full study during which they completed diagnostic interviews for Axis I and II psychopathology, structured interviews to assess detailed lifetime self-injurious and suicidal behavior, self-report measures to assess current mood, and behavioral tasks assessing implicit associations with NSSI and self-aggression. Results: In terms of predicting group membership, mean level of behavioral self-aggression in the lab and engaging in NSSI for the purpose of emotion regulation significantly predicted membership in the NSSI+S study group. Regarding NSSI severity, engaging in NSSI because one feels addicted, significantly predicted more self-reported lifetime acts and methods of NSSI. Engaging in NSSI in order to meet interpersonal needs was significantly associated with implicit associations with NSSI, and increases in positive affect during NSSI were significantly associated with greater mean behavioral self-aggression in the lab. Finally, a simple algorithm was developed that correctly classified 87% of study participants into their correct study groups. This algorithm included only four variables: a history of suicidal ideation, trait sensation seeking, mean level of behavioral self-aggression in the lab, and current alcohol abuse. Conclusions: The current study revealed that although NSSI and suicidal behavior have several similarities, they are distinct in several ways and many self-injurious individuals are not suicidal. Furthermore, the two study groups did not differ significantly on any Axis I or II diagnosis, suggesting that focusing primarily on diagnostic differentiators between NSSI and suicide may be misguided. Rather, the current study found that reasons for engaging in NSSI, affective states surrounding NSSI, and behavioral self-aggression, contribute significantly to NSSI severity and the relation between NSSI and suicide.
Temple University--Theses
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George, Pamela Renee. "Utitlizing the theory of planned behavior to explain suicidal intent." [Huntington, WV : Marshall University Libraries], 2008. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=862.
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Leonhardt, Heather. "Demographic and Psychological Predictors of Suicide Attempts and Ideation Among Adolescents." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1989. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc501050/.
Full textAbstract:
The present study attempted to identify demographic and psychological variables predictive of adolescent suicidal ideations and attempts. Data from 90 adolescents, who completed an intake form at a university community mental health clinic or were student volunteers, were utilized. Two judges tabulated information regarding age, gender, number of siblings, ethnicity, parental marital status, drug use, depression, suicidal ideation, and previous suicidal attempts. A multiple regression analysis was performed to identify which variables had predictive significance. Depression was the best predictor of both suicidal ideations and attempts. Ethnicity was also predictive; white adolescents were found to be at higher risk for suicide than individuals from other ethnic groups. It is suggested that additional studies be done exploring other predictors of suicide among adolescents.
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Kaniuka, Andrea, Jessica Kelliher-Rabon, Edward C. Chang, Fuschia M. Sirois, and Jameson Hirsch. "Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression and Suicidal Behavior in College Students: Conditional Indirect Effects of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury and Self-Compassion." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5495.
Full textAbstract:
Adults of college age are at particular risk for psychopathology, non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), and suicidal behavior, but protective factors (e.g., self-compassion) may buffer risk. We examined the mediating effect of NSSI on the relation between anxiety/depressive symptoms and suicide risk, and the moderating role of self-compassion. Students (N = 338) with greater psychopathology reported more engagement in NSSI and, consequently, more suicide risk; self-compassion weakened the psychopathology-NSSI linkage. Therapeutically addressing psychopathology and NSSI, perhaps via Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, and promoting self-compassion via compassion-focused and mindful self-compassion therapy, may halt progression from symptomology to self-harm, ultimately reducing suicide risk in college students.
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Williams, Amanda Gail. "Mediating Factors in the Relationship Between Non-Suicidal Self-Injury and Suicide Attempt." TopSCHOLAR®, 2016. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1589.
Full textAbstract:
Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is considered a strong predictor of suicidal behavior, although the exact relationship between NSSI and suicide is not clear. Several factors have been suggested in previous research, including attitudes toward one’s own body, thoughts and beliefs regarding death and suicide, and the ability to cause physical harm to oneself. In the current study, the researcher obtained data from 285 young adult participants who reported a history of NSSI. Two multiple mediation models were tested in which body protection, suicide-related concerns, and acquired capability for suicide were examined as mediators of the relationship between NSSI and suicide attempt frequency. The first model, in which the predictor was NSSI frequency, was not supported. The second model, in which the predictor was NSSI versatility of methods, was partially supported; the only significant mediator was suicide-related concerns. These results add to the literature regarding the relationship between NSSI and suicide.
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McKinney, Jessica, Lauren Beuttel, Jon R. Webb, Peter C. Britton, and Jameson K. Hirsch. "Forgiveness and Suicidal Behavior in Veterans: Mediating Role of Posttraumatic Growth." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/622.
Full textAbstract:
Suicide rates are higher in veterans compared to the general population, making up a disproportionate 22% of suicides reported annually in the U.S. One factor related to suicidal behavior among veterans is increased exposure to traumatic events. However, not all traumatized veterans engage in suicidal behavior, perhaps due to the presence of protective factors. One such factor, forgiveness (of self, others, and by God), conceptualized as a positive change in cognition, emotion, and behavior, toward a transgressor or transgression, may buffer against suicide risk by facilitating a “letting go” of experienced offenses, and by allowing individuals to respond to trauma in a meaningful way via posttraumatic growth (PTG). This premise has not been tested, however. We hypothesized that forgiveness and PTG would be positively related with each other, and negatively related to suicidal behaviors. We also hypothesized that PTG would mediate the association between forgiveness and suicidal behaviors, such that higher levels of forgiveness would be associated with greater PTG and, in turn, to less suicidal behavior. Participants (N=545; 70.1% male (n=382); 86.4% Caucasian (n=469), Mean Age=49.86, SD=16.78) were community-dwelling veterans who self-identified as having experienced a trauma, and completed the PTG Inventory, the forgiveness subscale from the Fetzer Multidimensional Measure of Religiousness and Spirituality, and Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised. Bivariate correlations and simple mediation analyses were conducted covarying age, sex, and ethnicity. Supporting bivariate hypotheses (p-values
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Lakey, Chad E., Jameson K. Hirsch, Lyndsay A. Nelson, and Sheri A. Nsamenang. "Effects of Contingent Self-Esteem on Depressive Symptoms and Suicidal Behavior." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/658.
Full textAbstract:
Contingent self-esteem, or self-worth hinged upon successfully meeting standards or attaining goals, requires continual maintenance and validation. Despite the inherent instability that accompanies contingent self-esteem, relatively little is known about how it relates to markers of mental health. A sample of 371 college students completed measures of self-esteem, contingent self-esteem, suicidal behaviors, and depression. Individuals with fragile low self-esteem, described as highly contingent, reported greater depressive symptoms and suicidal behavior. Among those with secure high self-esteem, or high yet noncontingent, depression and suicide risk were markedly lower. Therapeutically promoting positive but noncontingent self-worth may reduce poor mental health outcomes.
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Webb, Jon R., Bridget R. Jeter, Julie I. Hunter, David Bumgarner, Kayla Mitchell, and Jameson K. Hirsch. "Mindfulness, Psychological Distress and Suicidal Behavior in Adult Children of Alcoholics." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/617.
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