Journal articles on the topic 'Suicidal behavior Victoria Gippsland'
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1
Radford, James Q., and Andrew F. Bennett. "Terrestrial avifauna of the Gippsland Plain and Strzelecki Ranges, Victoria, Australia: insights from Atlas data." Wildlife Research 32, no. 6 (2005): 531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr04012.
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The rate and spatial scale at which natural environments are being modified by human land-uses mean that a regional or national perspective is necessary to understand the status of the native biota. Here, we outline a landscape-based approach for using data from the ‘New Atlas of Australian Birds’ to examine the distribution and status of avifauna at a regional scale. We use data from two bioregions in south-east Australia – the Gippsland Plain and the Strzelecki Ranges (collectively termed the greater Gippsland Plains) – to demonstrate this approach. Records were compiled for 57 landscape units, each 10′ latitude by 10′ longitude (~270 km2) across the study region. A total of 165 terrestrial bird species was recorded from 1870 ‘area searches’, with a further 24 species added from incidental observations and other surveys. Of these, 108 species were considered ‘typical’ of the greater Gippsland Plain in that they currently or historically occur regularly in the study region. An index of species ‘occurrence’, combining reporting rate and breadth of distribution, was used to identify rare, common, widespread and restricted species. Ordination of the dataset highlighted assemblages of birds that had similar spatial distributions. A complementarity analysis identified a subset of 14 landscape units that together contained records from at least three different landscape units for each of the 108 ‘typical’ species. When compared with the 40 most common ‘typical’ species, the 40 least common species were more likely to be forest specialists, nest on the ground and, owing to the prevalence of raptors in the least common group, take prey on the wing. The future status of the terrestrial avifauna of the greater Gippsland Plains will depend on the extent to which effective restoration actions can be undertaken to ensure adequate representation of habitats for all species, especially for the large number of species of conservation concern.
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Chessman, BC. "Phytoplankton of the La Trobe River, Victoria." Marine and Freshwater Research 36, no. 1 (1985): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9850115.
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Phytoplankton was sampled on a monthly basis for 1 year at five stations on the La Trobe River in Gippsland, Victoria. In the upper, mostly forested, reaches of the river, chlorophyll a concentrations and cell densities were uniformly very low, and the dominant algae were detached benthic diatoms and flagellated species. In the plains section of the river, downstream of an impoundment (Lake Narracan), spring and autumn blooms occurred, with a marked reduction in abundance in midsummer and midwinter. The lowland planktonic flora was dominated by centric diatoms, particularly Melosira distans in autumn and Skeletonema potamos in spring.
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Wedrowicz, Faye, Jennifer Mosse, Wendy Wright, and Fiona E. Hogan. "Using non-invasive sampling methods to determine the prevalence and distribution of Chlamydia pecorum and koala retrovirus in a remnant koala population with conservation importance." Wildlife Research 45, no. 4 (2018): 366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr17184.
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Context Pathogenic infections are an important consideration for the conservation of native species, but obtaining such data from wild populations can be expensive and difficult. Two pathogens have been implicated in the decline of some koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) populations: urogenital infection with Chlamydia pecorum and koala retrovirus subgroup A (KoRV-A). Pathogen data for a wild koala population of conservation importance in South Gippsland, Victoria are essentially absent. Aims This study uses non-invasive sampling of koala scats to provide prevalence and genotype data for C. pecorum and KoRV-A in the South Gippsland koala population, and compares pathogen prevalence between wild koalas and koalas in rescue shelters. Methods C. pecorum and KoRV-A provirus were detected by PCR of DNA isolated from scats collected in the field. Pathogen genetic variation was investigated using DNA sequencing of the C. pecorum ompA and KoRV-A env genes. Key results C. pecorum and KoRV-A were detected in 61% and 27% of wild South Gippsland individuals tested, respectively. KoRV-A infection tended to be higher in shelter koalas compared with wild koalas. In contrast with other Victorian koala populations sampled, greater pathogen diversity was present in South Gippsland. Conclusions In the South Gippsland koala population, C. pecorum is widespread and common whereas KoRV appears less prevalent than previously thought. Further work exploring the dynamics of these pathogens in South Gippsland koalas is warranted and may help inform future conservation strategies for this important population. Implications Non-invasive genetic sampling from scats is a powerful method for obtaining data regarding pathogen prevalence and diversity in wildlife. The use of non-invasive methods for the study of pathogens may help fill research gaps in a way that would be difficult or expensive to achieve using traditional methods.
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Green, K., A. T. Mitchell, and P. Tennant. "Home range and microhabitat use by the long-footed potoroo, Potorous longipes." Wildlife Research 25, no. 4 (1998): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr97095.
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Long-footed potoroos were studied at two widely-separated sites in Victoria, one in regenerating eucalypt forest in East Gippsland and the other in old-growth forest in Central Gippsland. Trap-revealed use of microhabitat at Bellbird (East Gippsland) showed a change from the 1980s to 1990s, with an increased amount of foraging in more open, drier areas. Over the same period, there was an increase in the size of home range of animals and a near-doubling of the minimum numbers of animals known to be alive on the trapping grid at Bellbird. These changes occurred over a period when few environmental changes occurred on the grid other than control of feral predators. Radio-tracking data from 12 animals at the two sites showed a similar trend in use of microhabitat by most animals, but there was individual variation. Differences between the sites were that home-range size was smaller at the Riley trapping grid (Central Gippsland), there was greater overlap in home range, and animals there foraged for significantly shorter bouts. This confirmed earlier speculation from reproductive and dietary studies that there is better quality habitat at Riley, but the sites were so dissimilar that differences in home range and foraging could not be ascribed to either the logging regime or to geographical differences between the sites.
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Chessman, BC. "Impact of the 1983 wildfires on river water quality in East Gippsland, Victoria." Marine and Freshwater Research 37, no. 3 (1986): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9860399.
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Eleven stream stations within the basins of the Bemm, Cann, Thurra, Wingan and Genoa Rivers were sampled during a 3-month interval following a prolonged drought and intense and extensive forest fires. Emphasis was placed on flows resulting from three major storms that occurred during this period. Water-quality impacts of the fires were intermingled with those of the preceding drought, and flow- related comparisons with pre-drought data showed appreciable increases in colour, turbidity, suspended solids, potassium and nitrogen levels in the Bemm River, which was only marginally affected by the fires. In the Cann and Genoa Rivers, with much larger proportions of catchment burnt, electrical conductivity and phosphorus concentrations also rose substantially. Marked depletion of dissolved oxygen (to <6 mg I-1) was unique to streams with burnt catchments, but resulted from stagnant conditions at the end of the drought as well as from changes occurring at the time of the first post-fire storm. The fires had little obvious effect on temperature and pH regimes. Peak turbidities and concentrations of suspended solids and phosphorus were much greater in the Cann and Genoa river systems than elsewhere. Maximum values for these indicators were 130 NTU, 2300 mg I-1 and over 0.8 mg I-1, respectively. In the Thurra and Wingan basins, which were also burnt, stream suspended-solids levels were lower (<200 mg I-1), but solutes sometimes reached very high maxima (indicated by peak electrical conductivities of up to 110 mS m-1). Variations in catchment topography and soils and the relative importance of surface and subsurface flow probably account for these differences. The first post-fire storm produced the highest measured levels of many indicators in most streams, although the greatest flows were associated with the third storm. Nitrite and ammonia were notable exceptions to this generalization. Estimates of catchment exports indicated high sediment yields and moderate to high phosphorus yields from the Cann and Genoa catchments, by comparison with other Australian data.
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Mitchell, PJ, R. Bilney, and RW Martin. "Population-Structure and Reproductive Status of Koalas on Raymond Island, Victoria." Wildlife Research 15, no. 5 (1988): 511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9880511.
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In December 1980, 87 adult (>1-year-old) koalas (36 males, 51 females) were captured and marked on Raymond Island, in the Gippsland Lakes of Victoria. A further 85 adults and 34 juveniles (6-12 months old) were sighted but not captured. In August 1985, 25 females and 24 males were captured and examined. The proportions of animals in the older age classes (age classes 4 and above) were 61% in 1980 and 39% in 1985, while the reproduction rates were 38 and 40%, respectively. The low reproduction rates, and the high proportions of older animals in 1980, were attributed to reproductive tract disease, although the presence of this disease did not prevent the population from increasing to a density at which trees were being overbrowsed.
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Kutt, A. S. "Bird Populations Density in Thinned, Unthinned and Old Lowland Regrowth Forest, East Gippsland, Victoria." Emu - Austral Ornithology 96, no. 4 (December 1996): 280–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mu9960280.
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MacKnight, C. C., and Phillip Pepper. "What Did Happen to the Aborigines of Victoria: Volume I, the Kurnai of Gippsland." Labour History, no. 52 (1987): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27508837.
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Cook, IO, and PY Ladiges. "Morphological variation within Eucalyptus nitens s. lat. and recognition of a new species, E. denticulata." Australian Systematic Botany 4, no. 2 (1991): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb9910375.
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The complete geographic range of Eucalyptus nitens s. lat. (shining gum) was sampled to determine the pattern of variation in adult and seedling morphology. Analyses of the different data sets indicated the presence of two distinct taxa: one, characterised by denticulate adult leaf margins, is described as E. denticulata sp. nov.; the other, characterised by entire leaf margins, is E. nitens s. str. Many other characters distinguish the two taxa. Mature trees of E. denticulata have leaves with higher oil gland density, longer peduncles, more cup-shaped rather than barrel-shaped fruit, more frequently exserted valves, and rounded and longer flower buds compared with E. nitens s. str. Seedlings of the two species can be distinguished mainly on the basis that those of E. denticulata have longer internodes and leaves which clasp the stem to a lesser extent. The major occurrence of E. denticulata is on the Errinundra Plateau, East Gippsland, with limited occurrences in the Baw Baw Ranges and Central Highlands of Victoria. Eucalyptus nitens s. str. is found in isolated stands in New South Wales and Victoria. The two species are allopatric, with the exception of the Baw Baw Ranges and Central Highlands of Victoria where some stands are mixed. Eucalyptus nitens s. str. is also geographically variable, comprising three distinct geographic races: northern and central New South Wales, southern New South Wales, and the Baw Baw Ranges and Central Highlands of Victoria.
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Harris, JM, and RL Goldingay. "Distribution, habitat and conservation status of the eastern pygmy-possum Cercartetus nanus in Victoria." Australian Mammalogy 27, no. 2 (2005): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am05185.
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We review the distribution, habitat and conservation status of the eastern pygmy-possum (Cercartetus nanus) in Victoria. Data on the habitat occurrences and rates of detection were gleaned from 133 published and unpublished fauna surveys conducted from 1968 to 2003 in Gippsland; northern Victoria; the Melbourne area and south-western region. C. nanus was reported from a broad range of vegetation communities, which predominantly included a dense mid-storey of shrubs rich in nectar-producing species such as those from the families Proteaceae and Myrtaceae. Survey effort using a range of methods was immense across surveys: 305,676 Elliott/cage trap-nights, 49,582 pitfall trap-nights, 18,331 predator remains analysed, 4424 spotlight hours, and 7346 hair-sampling devices deployed, 1005 trees stagwatched, and 5878 checks of installed nest-boxes. The surveys produced 434 records of C. nanus, with Elliott/cage trapping, pitfall trapping and analysis of predator remains responsible for the vast majority of records (93%). These data and those from the Atlas of Victorian Wildlife indicate that although C. nanus has a widespread distribution in Victoria, it is rarely observed or trapped in fauna surveys. Only 11 (8%) of the surveys we reviewed detected >10 individuals. C. nanus is likely to be sensitive to several recognised threatening processes in Victoria (e.g., feral predators, high frequency fire, feral honeybees). There is also evidence of range declines in several regions, which suggests that the species is vulnerable to extinction. Therefore, we recommend that it be nominated as a threatened species in Victoria.
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Coulson, GM, and JA Raines. "Methods for Small-Scale Surveys of Grey Kangaroo Populations." Wildlife Research 12, no. 2 (1985): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9850119.
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Small-scale survey methods which have previously been applied to grey kangaroos were evaluated on a population of known size. The total population size of free-ranging eastern grey kangaroos, Macropus giganteus, on Rotamah Island in the Gippsland Lakes of Victoria was determined by a drive count. Two types of small-scale survey methods were evaluated against this total: line transect counts and faecal pellet counts. The line transect estimates were not significantly different from the known population size, and grey kangaroos appear to meet the critical conditions of the models. Counts of individual faecal pellets gave an acceptable estimate of population density, whereas counts based on pellet groups had significant positive bias.
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Dexter, Nick, and Andy Murray. "The impact of fox control on the relative abundance of forest mammals in East Gippsland, Victoria." Wildlife Research 36, no. 3 (2009): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr08135.
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Predation by European red foxes is believed to be the major cause of the extinction and decline of a large number of native medium-sized terrestrial mammals in Australia. We examined the impact of poisoning of foxes on the relative abundance of a group of medium-sized mammals in an experiment conducted in three large forest blocks in south-eastern Australia. The blocks consisted of paired sites, as follows: one site where poison baiting was used to control foxes (treatment site) and one where foxes were not controlled (non-treatment site). At all six sites, the population responses of a range of mammals were measured, and compared between treatment and non-treatment sites. The relative fox abundance, as indexed by bait-take, declined during the course of the study at treatment sites and to a lesser extent at non-treatment sites. The decline in bait-take at non-treatment sites was most likely due to treatment sites acting as ecological traps, so that reduced intra-specific competition attracted foxes from non-treatment to treatment sites, where they were subsequently poisoned. There was a significant treatment effect for the abundances of total mammals, long-nosed potoroos, southern brown bandicoots and common brushtail possums, with higher abundances at treatment sites than at non-treatment sites. Common ringtail possums increased in abundance during the course of the study, with no significant difference between treatment and non-treatment sites. There was no significant effect of time or treatment on the abundance of long-nosed bandicoots. The increase in the abundance of native mammals at treatment sites was most likely due to a lower predation pressure by foxes brought about by fox control, and the smaller increase in abundance in non-treatment blocks was likely due to the ecological-trap effect because of fox baiting at treatment sites. The present study demonstrated that broad-scale fox control can lead to increases in the abundance of native mammals in forested habitats, without recourse to aerial baiting or fences. The study also demonstrated that the influence of fox control on the fox abundance can extend well beyond the perimeter of the area baited.
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Wilson, BA, and WS Laidlaw. "Habitat characteristics for New Holland mouse Pseudomys novaehollandiae in Victoria." Australian Mammalogy 25, no. 1 (2003): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am03001.
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Pseudomys novaehollandiae is ‘Endangered’ in Victoria, where it is presently considered to be extant at only three localities Loch Sport, Providence Ponds, and Wilsons Promontory. This study aimed to determine indicators of suitable habitat for the species that could assist in identifying potential habitat and sites for planned re-introductions as part of a recovery program. Vegetation and site data (soils, topography, rainfall, fire age-time since fire) were assessed at localities where P. novaehollandiae was recorded. The species occurred in five structural vegetation groups - open-forest, woodland, heathland, shrubland, grassland, with the most common being open-forest and woodland. Grassland and shrubland were restricted to coastal sand-dunes in south Gippsland. Understorey vegetation at most sites was dominated by sclerophyllous shrubs ranging in cover from 10 - 70%. Classification of quadrats produced eight floristic groups in which the trend was for quadrats to cluster according to geographical location. Ordination confirmed the classification pattern and vector-fitting produced significant correlations between vector points and five variables: species richness, latitude, longitude, fire age and annual rainfall. The study identified a range of vegetation communities where P. novaehollandiae occurs and provided evidence that the species is not restricted to floristically rich and diverse heathlands. The findings can be used to determine further localities with suitable habitat. However, factors other than vegetation are also likely to be important in predicting suitable habitat.
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FINLAY, K. J. "Deanophlebia: A new genus of south-eastern Australian mayflies and subsequent redefinition of the subgenus Nousia (Australonousia) (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae)." Zootaxa 4668, no. 1 (September 9, 2019): 30–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4668.1.2.
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A new genus of Leptophlebiidae has been established to accommodate two morphospecies, previously known only from nymphs and assigned to the Australian genus Nousia (subgenus Australonousia). The genus Deanophlebia is established for the species: Deanophlebia kala (Harker) (comb nov.) and Deanophlebia radsjoshi (sp. nov.), both of which were first found in the alpine regions of New South Wales but with a range which extends into East Gippsland in Victoria. The genus can be distinguished from Nousia by the consistently larger size of both the imagos and nymphs. Furthermore, fore and hind wing venation and genitalia morphology are characteristic in the imago as is mouthpart morphology in the nymph. Differences between Deanophlebia and Nousia are defined and discussed and differences between the subgenera of Nousia are re-defined.
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Norman, FI, and L. Mumford. "Studies on the Purple Swamphen, Porphyrio porphyrio, in Victoria." Wildlife Research 12, no. 2 (1985): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9850263.
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Details are presented of gonad parameters and reproductive status, body measurements, moult, and food taken by purple swamphens collected in the Gippsland Lakes area between July 1971 and July 1973. Information from other studies is also discussed. Plant material (76% estimated average volume) dominated gizzard contents, particularly when inorganic material (23%) was discounted, and animal remains (c. 1%) were found in only 51 of the 234 gizzards with food examined. Mostly semi-aquatic plants were eaten, predominantly from Gramineae (59%), Cyperaceae (17%) and Hydrocharitaceae (11%), and Phragrnites australzs was the main species identified. The proportion of roots, rhizomes and tubers in gizzards increased in autumn samples. Monthly variations in the grit content of gizzards were significant; males (which were larger than females) held more large-sized fragments than females, and there was a moderate negative correlation between hard seeds and grit. Ovarian follicles were generally largest between July and November and seminiferous tubule diameters in males increased from June and July to reach a maximum from September to November; sperm were present from July to November. There were no simple correlations between gonad parameters and local rainfall in the preceding 30 days. The presence of a bursa of Fabricius did not successfully exclude reproductively active birds, but male swamphens with cloaca1 papillae and no bursa had larger testes than those with a bursa but no papillae. Colour scores for bill and tarsus showed some seasonal variation in subsamples of males and females. Management of wetlands for this species must take account of its requirement for a relatively restricted range of food types.
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Moxham, Claire, and Josh Dorrough. "Recruitment of Eucalyptus strzeleckii (Myrtaceae) in intensive livestock production landscapes." Australian Journal of Botany 56, no. 6 (2008): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt07187.
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Eucalyptus strzeleckii K. Rule (Strzelecki gum) is a medium-to-tall forest swamp gum, endemic to Victoria and listed as Nationally Vulnerable in Australia. This species occurs in the high rainfall (up to 1600 mm) region of Gippsland in south-eastern Victoria. The region has been intensively developed for agriculture, in particular dairy production. Surviving trees are often old and in varying stages of dieback and natural recruitment is rarely observed. The removal of cattle-grazing as a sole mechanism to encourage recruitment is rarely sufficient to promote regeneration of this species. The aim of this study was to examine the role of soil disturbance, weed competition, seed supply and parent plant competition, in the absence of cattle-grazing, in the recruitment of E. strzeleckii. Seed availability, distance from mature tree, soil disturbance, soil moisture and pasture competition all influenced seedling establishment and survival in the field. Removal of ground layer vegetation immediately before seedling emergence appears to be essential for successful establishment of E. strzeleckii. However, both soil disturbance and pasture removal by spraying had similar effects, suggesting that competition rather than soil disturbance per se is a limiting factor in these environments. In the absence of understorey vegetation manipulation, regeneration by this species is unlikely even in the absence of grazing.
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Wedrowicz, Faye, Jennifer Mosse, Wendy Wright, and Fiona E. Hogan. "Genetic structure and diversity of the koala population in South Gippsland, Victoria: a remnant population of high conservation significance." Conservation Genetics 19, no. 3 (January 17, 2018): 713–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10592-018-1049-8.
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Kottek, MH, PY Ladiges, and T. Whiffin. "A new species of stringybark, Eucalyptus mackintii, from eastern Victoria and its phenetic and cladistic relationships." Australian Systematic Botany 3, no. 4 (1990): 671. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb9900671.
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Populations of stringybark trees from East Gippsland, with affinities to Eucalyptus macrorhyncha, were studied by pattern analyses of adult and seedling morphology, leaf volatile oils and flavonoid composition. They had previously been determined as hybrids, or as referable to an undescribed taxon. Samples of E. deuaensis, E. globoidea, E. macrorhyncha and E. muelleriana were included to assess the affinities of E. aff. macrorhyncha to other stringybark taxa. No evidence was found to support a hybrid origin of E. aff. macrorhyncha, and it is described as E. mackintii sp. nov. In adult morphology E. mackintii is similar to, but distinct from E. macrorhyncha, whereas in seedling morphology the two are indistinguishable. Two chemical forms of E. mackintii were detected in the leaf volatile oils, both of which have also been reported to occur in E. deuaensis and E. macrorhyncha. The leaf flavonoid composition of the new species is similar to that of E. macrorhyncha, although some differences between the two were observed. The inclusion of E. mackintii in a cladistic analysis of the informal superseries Capitellaticae Ladiges & Humphries resulted in the taxon forming an unresolved basal trichotomy within the infraseries Capitllatae.
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Barton, Philip S., John G. Aberton, and Brian H. Kay. "Spatial and temporal definition of Ochlerotatus camptorhynchus (Thomson) (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Gippsland Lakes system of eastern Victoria." Australian Journal of Entomology 43, no. 1 (February 2004): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.2004.00405.x.
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Seebeck, J. H. "Breeding, growth and development of captive Potorous longipes (Marsupialia: Potoroidae); and a comparison with P. tridactylus." Australian Mammalogy 15, no. 1 (1992): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am92005.
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A captive colony of Potorous longipes (one male, ti)ree females) was established at the Sir Colin MacKenzie Sanctuary, Healesville, Victoria, in March 1980, with wild-caught animals from east Gippsland. By December 1986, 14 young (ten males, four females) had been born to this colony, all between June and December. Growth and development of the first three young were monitored approximately weekly, and these parameters are described and compared with those in P. tridactylus. Development is similar to that in P. tridactylus up to 13 - 14 weeks, beyond which hindfoot length exceeds head length and the tail becomes proportionally longer compared with P. tridactylus. Growth curves for several parameters are presented. Pouch life is between 140 and 150 days. Adult size (but not weight) is reached at about 36 weeks. However, P. longipes may not be sexually mature until two years of age or older.
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Melick, DR. "Relative Drought Resistance of Tristaniopsis laurina and Acmena smithii From Riparian Warm Temperate Rainforest in Victoria." Australian Journal of Botany 38, no. 4 (1990): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9900361.
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The drought tolerances of the warm temperate rainforest species Tristaniopsis laurina and Acmena smithii were examined. Using pressure bomb techniques the tissue water relations of hardened juvenile and adult material were measured. T. laurina showed relatively little physiological drought tolerance in either the juvenile or adult plants, whereas A. smithii showed an increase in physiological drought tolerance in adult plants. Direct observations of droughted hardened 9-month-old seedlings revealed a relatively high leaf conductance in T. laurina seedlings with wilting becoming generalised after 9 days of droughting. All T. laurina plants rehydrated after 15 days of drought survived albeit with significant leaf abscission, but only 2 of the 5 plants rehydrated after 20 days of drought recovered and these were defoliated. Stomatal resistances were higher in droughted A. smithii seedlings and wilting did not become generalised until after 14 days of droughting. All A. smithii plants recovered when rehydrated after 20 days of droughting with little or no sign of leaf abscission. Leaves of T. laurina and A. smithii became scorched when subjected to temperatures of 50°C and 60°C respectively. The extent to which these differences delimit the distribution of these species in the relatively dry warm temperate rainforest communities of Gippsland in Victoria is discussed.
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Jordan, GJ, BM Potts, JB Kirkpatrick, and C. Gardiner. "Variation in the Eucalyptus globulus Complex Revisited." Australian Journal of Botany 41, no. 6 (1993): 763. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9930763.
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Patterns of variation in the Eucalyptus globulus Labill. complex are reassessed by combining capsule measurements from an earlier study with recent collections, mainly of subspecies globulus. Four groups of populations are apparent and can be ascribed to the four subspecies maidenii, pseudoglobulus, bicostata and globulus. Intergrade populations between the latter three subspecies are widespread and mainly occur in the Otway Ranges and west Gippsland. There is a continuum in capsule morphology between the three-fruited subspecies, pseudoglobulus and bicostata. Subspecies globulus intergrades with these three-fruited intermediates. Three-fruited intergrade populations occuning north and south of the range of core pseudoglobulus can be differentiated and probably represent intergrades between pseudoglobulus and bicostata and between pseudoglobulus and globulus respectively. Reports of bicostata in the Furneaux Group and southern Victoria are thus probably erroneous and result from convergence in capsule morphology. The previously described taxon E. stjohnii (R. T. Bak.) R. T. Bak. is part of the continuum between subspecies pseudoglobulus and bicostata, but closer to pseudoglobulus. Populations phenotypically intermediate between and significantly different from globulus and the three-fruited intergrades are highly variable and occur in western Tasmania, on the northern end of Flinders Island, in the Otway Ranges and in west Gippsland. An isolated population on Rodondo Island is highly variable and has closest affinities to pseudoglobulus despite being within the geographical range of core globulus. The population from King Island is intermediate between the Otway phenotype and core globulus. The climatic regimes of the subspecies are markedly different and most three-fruited and globulus intergrade populations have closer climatic affinities to pseudoglobulus and globulus respectively. Hypotheses relating to the origin of the pattern of variation in E. globulus are discussed.
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Wilson, P. D. "The distribution of the greater broad-nose bat Scoteanax rueppellii (Microchiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in relation to climate and topography." Australian Mammalogy 28, no. 1 (2006): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am06009.
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Concepts of the distribution of the greater broad-nose bat (Scoteanax rueppellii) have changed significantly as occurrence records have accumulated over the years. Early accounts of the species' distribution suggested that it was restricted to the heavily timbered areas of eastern Australia, and occurred over a wide range of altitudes. However, recent summaries of the distribution of the species differ significantly from these early accounts. To reconcile these discrepancies, I collated records from museum collections and wildlife databases. These data clearly indicate that stated altitudinal limits for the species are not correct. The currently known southern limit of the species is near Eden, New South Wales (NSW). The distribution of the species was modelled using the DOMAIN climate matching algorithm. The model indicates that S. rueppellii may occur in East Gippsland, Victoria, suggests its likely occurrence in inland Queensland and northern NSW, but a low likelihood of occurrence in inland southern NSW. However, the data show strong spatial and temporal biases that restrict the confidence that may be placed in the model. It is argued that species distributions must be regarded as open and evolving hypotheses.
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Bilney, Rohan J., Raylene Cooke, and John White. "Change in the diet of sooty owls (Tyto tenebricosa) since European settlement: from terrestrial to arboreal prey and increased overlap with powerful owls." Wildlife Research 33, no. 1 (2006): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr04128.
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The current diet of the sooty owl (Tyto tenebricosa) was determined by analysing freshly regurgitated pellets collected beneath their roosting sites in East Gippsland, Victoria. Comparisons were then made with: (i) prehistoric and historic diet from bone deposits found in cave roosts, and (ii) diet of a sympatric owl species, the powerful owl (Ninox strenua). Sooty owls consumed a large array of terrestrial mammal species before European settlement, but only three terrestrial species were detected in their current diet, a reduction of at least eight species since European settlement. To compensate, sooty owls have increased their consumption of arboreal prey from 55% to 81% of their diet. Arboreal species are also a major component of the powerful owl diet and this prey shift by sooty owls has increased dietary overlap between these two species. Predation by foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and other feral species is likely to have reduced the amount of terrestrial prey available to sooty owls since European settlement. Investigation of changes in the diet of sooty owls may offer a unique monitoring system for evaluating the ability of fox-control strategies to influence increases in numbers of critical-weight-range mammals.
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Nelson, JL, and BJ Morris. "Nesting Requirements of the Yellow-Tailed Black-Cockatoo, Calyptorhynchus Funereus, in Eucalyptus Regnans Forest, and Implications for Forest Management." Wildlife Research 21, no. 3 (1994): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9940267.
Full textAbstract:
The nesting requirements of the yellow-tailed black-cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus funereus) were studied at 68 sites in Eucalyptus regnans forest in the Strzelecki Ranges, South Gippsland, Victoria. Nest trees were located and their characteristics related to forest stand variables. Eighteen nest hollows were found. Nest trees had a mean diameter at breast height of 2.5 m, a mean estimated age of 221 years, a mean height of 58 m and for live nest trees a mean crown diameter of 22 m. The currently proposed rotation time for silvicultural systems of 80-150 years will reduce the number of hollow-bearing trees suitable for nesting yellow-tailed black-cockatoos. Adequate numbers of trees must be retained in logged areas and wildlife corridors and reserves, and protected to ensure a continual supply for yellow-tailed black-cockatoos and other hollow-dependent species. If agonistic behaviour is operating between female yellow-tailed black-cockatoos, nesting potential may be enhanced if trees retained on coupes are evenly distributed rather than clumped. Silvicultural systems that facilitate the protection of trees retained on coupes would benefit the conservation of the yellow-tailed black-cockatoo.
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Belcher, CA. "Diet of the tiger quoll (Dasyurus maculatus)." Wildlife Research 22, no. 3 (1995): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9950341.
Full textAbstract:
The diet of the tiger quoll (Dasyurus maculatus) in East Gippsland, Victoria, was investigated by systematically collecting scats from two latrines between December 1990 and May 1993. From the analysis of these scats, the tiger quoll was found to be a predator of vertebrate prey, largely dependent on mediumsized mammals (500 g to 5 kg). The most important prey species were the European rabbit, the common brushtail possum and the common ringtail possum. Other prey included Antechinus species, bush rats, echidnas, macropods, wombats, birds, invertebrates and reptiles. Some variation in diet occurred between seasons, due to seasonal availability of prey. A shift in diet detected between years was attributed to the variation in rainfall and the effect this had on prey species abundance. Significant differences in diet were found between adult and subadult tiger quolls. Subadult quolls consumed significantly more small mammals, ringtail possums, invertebrates and reptiles and significantly fewer rabbits than did adult quolls. Further analysis of the tiger quolls' diet, by estimating the mass contribution of prey taxa to the diet, revealed that medium-sized prey contributed more than 80% of the biomass of prey consumed.
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Robinson, Randall W., Paul I. Boon, and Paul Bailey. "Germination characteristics of Melaleuca ericifolia Sm. (swamp paperbark) and their implications for the rehabilitation of coastal wetlands." Marine and Freshwater Research 57, no. 7 (2006): 703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf06006.
Full textAbstract:
Swamp paperbark, Melaleuca ericifolia Sm., is a small, clonal tree that occupies fresh- and brackish-water wetlands across south-eastern Australia. Seeds collected from Dowd Morass, a secondary-salinised Ramsar-listed wetland of the Gippsland Lakes region in eastern Victoria, showed very low viability (< 6%), with less than 50% of the seeds germinating even under ideal laboratory conditions. Greatest germination occurred with surface-sown seeds, germinated in darkness at a mean temperature of 20°C and salinity < 2 g L–1. At 20°C, maximum germination occurred at a salinity of 1 g L–1; germination fell rapidly at a near constant rate with increasing salinity. Lower temperatures, while moderating the inhibitory effects of salinity, markedly reduced germination; higher temperatures increased the inhibitory effects of salinity and light and reduced overall germination rates. Seeds subjected to brief inundation with saline water germinated rapidly if flushed by, and subsequently grown under, freshwater conditions. Specific timing of management interventions, particularly manipulations of water regime to control salinity regimes, are required if germination of M. ericifolia on the landscape scale is to be successful. Even so, the low overall viability of the seeds would present difficulties to large-scale, seed-based rehabilitation efforts.
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Lunt, Ian D. "A Multivariate Growth-form Analysis of Grassland and Forest Forbs in South-eastern Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 45, no. 4 (1997): 691. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt96085.
Full textAbstract:
The growth-form composition of grazed and unburnt, grassy forest remnants and ungrazed, frequently burnt, anthropogenic native grasslands in Gippsland, Victoria were compared, using a multivariate, clustering analysis of the growth-form and life-form attributes of 53 forb species. Groups comprising (1) annual forbs, (2) clambering, repent and decumbent perennials, and (3) rosette perennials and rhizomic ground-cover forbs occurred in significantly more forest than grassland quadrats. One group, mostly containing tall erect geophytes with linear basal leaves, occurred in significantly more grassland than forest quadrats. Grassland quadrats contained significantly more tall forbs (> 20 cm) than forest quadrats, whilst forest quadrats contained significantly more forbs of short to medium height (< 20 cm). There was a significant, positive correlation between plant height and frequency of occurrence in grassland quadrats (rs = 0.58, P < 0.001), and a significant, although weak, negative correlation in forest quadrats (rs = -0.29, P < 0.05). Short forbs are likely to have been depleted from grassland sites owing to competition from the dominant tussock grass, Themeda triandra Forsskal. By contrast, ground cover in forest sites is of relatively low stature, biomass and cover, allowing short forbs to persist. The relative paucity of tall forbs from forest remnants is suspected to be at least partly due to intensive stock grazing in the past.
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McLean, Natasha, and Kathrine A. Handasyde. "Sexual maturity, factors affecting the breeding season and breeding in consecutive seasons in populations of overabundant Victorian koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus)." Australian Journal of Zoology 54, no. 6 (2006): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo06015.
Full textAbstract:
It is important to have knowledge of basic population parameters to understand how these vary geographically and temporally and how they contribute to population dynamics. This paper investigates three of these parameters in Victorian koala populations: sexual maturity, aspects of the breeding season, and the continuity of individuals’ breeding. The investigation was carried out in koalas of known-age in two free-living (Redbill Creek on French Island and Brisbane Ranges) and one semi-captive (the Koala Conservation Centre on Phillip Island) population as well as koalas of unknown age in four Victorian populations of overabundant koalas: Mt Eccles and Framlingham in south-west Victoria, French Island in Western Port and Snake Island in south Gippsland. At sexual maturity, female koalas had a mean age (±95% confidence interval) of 24.4 months (23.5–25.3 months), a mean head length of 125 mm (124–127 mm) and a mean body mass of 6.6 kg (6.3–6.8 kg). Only 7.4% of independent females (of unknown age) were carrying young when they weighed less than 6 kg. The breeding season was more restricted in the south-west populations. At Framlingham and Mt Eccles 85% and 91% of births, respectively, occurred between December and March. At Snake and French Islands only 46% and 53% of births, respectively, were recorded in the same period. In the Chlamydia-free population (Red Bill Creek) none of the koalas that were monitored stopped breeding and then resumed breeding in a subsequent season whereas many females from Chlamydia-infected populations (Brisbane Ranges and the Koala Conservation Centre) did so. This variation in reproductive patterns is likely to make an important contribution to the variation in the demography observed in different koala populations.
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Sluiter, Ian R. K., David T. Blackburn, and Guy R. Holdgate. "Fire and Late Oligocene to Mid-Miocene peat mega-swamps of south-eastern Australia: a floristic and palaeoclimatic interpretation." Australian Journal of Botany 64, no. 8 (2016): 609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt16165.
Full textAbstract:
The Late Oligocene to Mid-Miocene (25–13 million years ago) brown coals of the Gippsland Basin in southern Victoria, Australia, were deposited in peat mega-swamps, unlike any in the world at the present day. The swamps preserve a rich botanical suite of macro- and microfossils, many of which can be identified with plant genera and families present today in Australia, New Caledonia, New Zealand and New Guinea. The peat-forming environments also preserve evidence of past burning in the form of micro-charcoal as well as macro-charcoal, the latter being evident as regional lenses or layers of fusinite, generally in coals of the darkest colour termed dark lithotypes. The presence of micro-charcoal in dark and some other lighter lithotypes indicated that fires also burnt locally, although they may have been extinguished before regional-scale burning occurred. It is also feasible that some peat mega-swamp plant communities dominated by rainforest angiosperm plants may have been fire excluders and prevented widespread fires from developing. Pollen and macrofossil evidence is presented of a distinctive southern conifer and angiosperm flora with an open canopy, primarily associated with the darkest coals that formed in the wettest parts of the peat-forming environment. Elsewhere, swamp forests with a large rainforest component grew on swamps raised appreciably above the regional groundwater table in a structural context akin to the ombrogenous peats of tropical coastal Sumatra and Sarawak. These vegetation types were not fire prone, but may have occasionally burnt at a local scale or at forest margins. Evidence is presented for the existence of seasonal climatic conditions that would appear to have facilitated a drying-out of the peat swamps in the warmest months of the year. A mesothermal climate was invoked where mean annual precipitation was at least 1500 mm, and possibly as much as 2000 mm, and mean annual temperatures were ~19°C.
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MAHONY, MICHAEL J., TRENT PENMAN, TERRY BERTOZZI, FRANK LEMCKERT, ROHAN BILNEY, and STEPHEN C. DONNELLAN. "Taxonomic revision of south-eastern Australian giant burrowing frogs (Anura: Limnodynastidae: Heleioporus Gray)." Zootaxa 5016, no. 4 (August 9, 2021): 451–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5016.4.1.
Full textAbstract:
The rarely encountered giant burrowing frog, Heleioporus australiacus, is distributed widely in a variety of sclerophyll forest habitats east of the Great Dividing Range in south-eastern Australia. Analyses of variation in nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial ND4 gene and thousands of nuclear gene SNPs revealed the presence of two deeply divergent lineages. Multivariate morphological comparisons show the two lineages differ in body proportions with > 91% of individuals being correctly classified in DFA. The two lineages differ in the number and size of spots on the lateral surfaces and the degree by which the cloaca is surrounded by colour patches. The mating calls are significantly different in number of pulses in the note. The presence of a F2 hybrid in the area where the distribution of the two taxa come into closest proximity leads us to assign subspecies status to the lineages, as we have not been able to assess the extent of potential genetic introgression. In our sampling, the F2 hybrid sample sits within an otherwise unsampled gap of ~90km between the distributions of the two lineages. The nominate northern sub-species is restricted to the Sydney Basin bioregion, while the newly recognised southern subspecies occurs from south of the Kangaroo Valley in the mid-southern coast of New South Wales to near Walhalla in central Gippsland in Victoria. The habitat of the two subspecies is remarkably similar. Adults spend large portions of their lives on the forest floor where they forage and burrow in a variety of vegetation communities. The southern subspecies occurs most commonly in dry sclerophyll forests with an open understory in the south and in open forest and heath communities with a dense understory in the north of its distribution. The northern subspecies is also found in dry open forests and heaths in association with eroded sandstone landscapes in the Sydney Basin bioregion. Males of both taxa call from both constructed burrows and open positions on small streams, differing from the five Western Australian species of Heleioporus where males call only from constructed burrows. Using the IUCN Red List process, we found that the extent of occupancy and area of occupancy along with evidence of decline for both subspecies are consistent with the criteria for Endangered (A2(c)B2(a)(b)).
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Hill, Erin, Nicholas Murphy, Simon Toop, Adrian Linacre, and Jan M. Strugnell. "Genetic analysis of hog deer (Axis porcinus) in Victoria, Australia, and its applications to invasive species and game management." European Journal of Wildlife Research 68, no. 4 (June 8, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10344-022-01592-9.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractHog deer were introduced to Australia in the 1860s, where they have spread across the Gippsland region of Victoria. Due to its status as an introduced species and an important game animal within Victoria, management of the species is complex. Given this complexity, genetic studies can provide important information regarding population structure and diversity which can assist in controlling problematic populations of hog deer, while also ensuring viable game stock in sites managed as game reserves. The aim of this study was to investigate the population genetic structure and diversity of the Victorian hog deer 150 years after introduction using short tandem repeats (STRs). Hog deer samples were collected across 15 sites of differing management regimes in the Gippsland region of Victoria and genotyped for 13 polymorphic STR loci. Up to four distinct genetic clusters were identified across the sites sampled, suggesting that despite low observed genetic diversity, population structure is present across their range. It was also possible to detect evidence of recent translocations among populations. This study suggests that the presence of distinct genetic clusters may enable management of separate genetic units, considering invasive species and game management objectives.
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King, Kylie, Marisa Schlichthorst, Ciara Millar, Georgina Sutherland, and Lay San Too. "Understanding the Context of Suicides by Older Men Compared With Younger Old Men and Women." Crisis, December 4, 2020, 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000747.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Background: The rate of suicide among men aged 85 years or older is the highest of any age or gender group in many countries, but little is known about their pathways to suicide. Aims: This study aimed to determine the context of suicide by men aged 85 years or older. Method: Data were extracted from the Victorian Suicide Register regarding suicide deaths between 2009 and 2015. Chi-squared test or Fisher's exact test was used to compare old men (65–84 years old) and older men (85 years or more), and old women and old men (both 65 years or more). Results: The context of suicide by older men differed significantly from that of old men, as did that of old men compared with old women, on variables related to suicidal behavior and intention, mental illness, mental health treatment, and life stressors. Limitations: The study is limited by the small numbers of deaths by suicide in this age group in Victoria. Conclusion: The context of suicide by older and old men is different from that of old men and old women, respectively. More research is needed to understand the pathways to suicide by older men.
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Papalia, Nina, Susan Baidawi, Stefan Luebbers, Stephane Shepherd, and James R. P. Ogloff. "Patterns of Maltreatment Co-Occurrence in Incarcerated Youth in Australia." Journal of Interpersonal Violence, September 18, 2020, 088626052095863. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260520958639.
Full textAbstract:
Child maltreatment research is increasingly recognizing the need to capture patterns of co-occurrence between different types of abuse/neglect and to consider their associations with psychosocial functioning. Few studies have examined these issues in justice-involved youth despite the fact that rates of maltreatment and trauma-related psychopathology are disproportionately high among this population. This study examined profiles of self-reported child physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect among incarcerated juveniles in Victoria, Australia, using latent class analysis. We also investigated associations between maltreatment profiles and mental health and behavioral problems. Data pertaining to juveniles’ experiences of maltreatment and mental health and behavioral functioning were collected from interviews, questionnaires, files, and administrative datasets. A three-class solution provided the best fit for the data and was conceptually meaningful: a “low/rare maltreatment” class (41%); “high physical and emotional abuse” class (23%); and a “poly-victimization” class (36%). Youth in the “poly-victimization” class experienced especially serious mental health and behavioral disturbances, including higher rates of mental illness, greater severity of internalizing and externalizing symptoms, impulsivity, substance abuse, self-harm and suicidal behavior, irritability, and early-onset violence. Results suggest there may be benefit in considering screening and assessment procedures in youth justice settings to identify poly-victimized youth in need of more intensive monitoring and treatment to address their complex clinical and behavioral profiles.
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Herrera, Victoria L. M., Heather S. Spader, and Marilyn J. Kaufhold. "Research in Child Protection Against Abuse and Neglect: at the crossroads of analysis, strategy, and policy." Acta Medica Philippina 56, no. 15 (August 31, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.47895/amp.v56i15.6517.
Full textAbstract:
This special issue on Child Abuse and Neglect celebrates the 25th anniversary of the PGH-Child Protection Unit (CPU) and Child Protection Network and reinforces the latter’s nationwide intersectoral approach to child health. It stands as a testament to the pivotal role of research as one of the five pillars in the Care Continuum for Child Maltreatment; the other pillars being 1) integrated clinical care for the abused child, 2) prevention of child abuse at three levels, 3) training in all sectors, and 4) governance. These articles summarize evidence critical for evaluating, reviewing, and advancing policies.1
Operational analyses of existing infrastructure suggest practice guidelines that can help others establish the same.
Qualitative analysis of operational deliverables ofthe PGH-Child Protection Unit and Child Protection Network in advancing the Care Continuum for Child Maltreatment – a roadmap for operational evaluation and set-up sheds light on key elements, intricacies, and variables of infrastructure and operations as a basis for plans on what, how, and where best to improve.
The National Baseline Study dives into the prevalence of child physical and sexual abuse in the Philippines.
DNA detection in cases of sexual abuse has revolutionized the investigation and prosecution of these cases, as explored by A Retrospective Look on the Use of DNA Evidence in a Sexual Assault Investigation in the Philippines.
The Development of a Local Sexual Assault Investigation Kit:The Philippine Experience identifies key elements important for training modules on caring for child victims and handling evidence.
The following studies focus on the human element: victims’ and perpetrators’ characteristics are summarized and analyzed.
Child victims are studied in Comparison ofthe ClinicalProfile ofPrepubertal versusPubertal Female Child Sexual Abuse in a Tertiary Hospital.
Obstetric and Perinatal Outcomes and the Factors Associatedwith It Among PregnantTeen/Adolescent Filipino 13-19 years old in a Tertiary Institution focuses on this special subgroup.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Suicidal Ideation Among Victims of Child Sexual Abuse highlights a key consequence.
Juvenile perpetrators are studied in The Demographics of Minor Perpetrators of Sexually Assaulted Pediatric Patients from PGH from January 2013 to December 2018.
Female perpetrators of child abuse are studied in The Demographic Profile of the Female Assailant: A Ten-Year Background Review of Female Perpetrators Committing Abuse Seen at the UP-Philippine General Hospital Child Protection Unit from January 2008 to December 2018.
These articles review potential risk factors that come in the form of cultural practices.
Research on normal behavior and acceptable cultural practice is characterized in EmicPerceptions ofAge-Appropriate Parent-Child Intimate Behaviors Related to Hygiene, Affection, and Privacy.
Research on analysis of cultural perspectives on discipline and when disciplinary measures are inappropriate and qualify as abusive in Socio-cultural Perspectives on Child Discipline, and Child Abuse in the Philippines give insight into prevention initiatives in the community.
Research on child protection advocacy through safe schools is reported in An Outcomes-based Evaluation of the Mindfulness for Safe Schools giving insight into policy and program design.
These papers lay the groundwork for Clinical Practice Guidelines as mandated by the Philippines Department of Health (DOH),3 catalyzing research here and abroad,4-6 and advancing Child protection in the Philippines.
Child protection in the Philippines grew from a few hospital-based CPUs to an organized Child Protection Network of 114 CPUs in 58 provinces and 10 independent cities, reaching 90% of the children in the Philippines. This speaks to intersectoral collaborations, generosity, professionalism, motivation for excellence, and commitment to children. This also speaks to the value of integrated medical care, governance and policy-making, training of current and future specialists, and research.
After 25 years, we stand at the crossroads of analysis, strategy, and policy for child protection against abuse and neglect.
Victoria L.M. Herrera, MDDepartment of Medicine Boston University School of Medicine United States of America
Heather S. Spader, MD Pediatric Neurosurgery University of New Mexico United States of America
Marilyn J. Kaufhold, MD Child Abuse Pediatrics Chadwick Center for Children and Families, Rady Children’s Hospital San Diego, California, United States of America
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National Unified Health Research Agenda 2017-2022. Manila: Philippine Council for Health Research and Development [Internet] 2022. [cited 2022 July] Available from https://doh.gov.ph/publication/National-Unified-Health-Research-Agenda-2017-2022.
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