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Drake, Kim Elizabeth. "The psychology of interrogative suggestibility." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/7992.
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This thesis uses structural equation modelling to gain an insight into the psychological mechanism governing individual differences in interrogative suggestibility. It investigates why vulnerable interviewees tend towards a negative mindset before and during interview, which in turn appears to generate the factors that Gudjonsson and Clarke (1986) consider central in eliciting suggestible behaviour during questioning. The research considers the relationship between neuroticism (vulnerability especially) and compliance within the Five-Factor personality model, attachment anxiety and avoidance, the experience of intense negative life events and interrogative suggestibility. The key findings are that: (1) answer shifts on the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale (GSS) may sometimes come about through compliance and not suggestibility. Vulnerable interviewees may not always believe the negative feedback given by the interviewer and therefore not feel uncertain about their memory. Uncertainty may not necessarily be a pre-requisite for shifting on the GSS; and (2) Attachment anxiety and avoidance (as well as trait compliance with respect to answer-shifts) is related to an endogenous susceptibility to distress. These factors may be the basis of the negative mindset within vulnerable interviewees, evoking expectations of success, sometimes causing uncertainty, and inducing vulnerable behaviour. Such behaviour may manifest as false statements and confessions during interview.
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Van, Norman David. "Eyewitness suggestibility across presentation modalities." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1992. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/454.
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Purchon, Rebecca. "Suggestibility in children: A review: Suggestibility differences between children with and without mild intellectual impairment." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2000. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1348.
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Literature review: The following review outlines the broad area of children and suggestibility with a focus on children with intellectual disabilities. Key determinants of suggestibility including cognitive, social and stress factors underpinning the phenomenon are examined. Secondly, methodological issues such as poor ecological validity and generaliseability to the child-victim context are discussed. Relevant studies in the field are examined in light of these methodological issues. The implications of generalising from ecologically invalid studies for legal and psychological professionals are discussed. Finally, future directions for research such as effects of different ages, differences in ethnicity and IQ differences on suggestibility are outlined. Research report: This study examined the influence of participation and suggestive questioning on 9-11 year-old children's reports based on a study by Rudy & Goodman (1991). Rudy and Goodman's design was used to replicate the study with a larger sample and examine the variable of intellectual impairment and suggestibility. Fifty-seven children (26 mildly intellectually impaired and 31 non-impaired children) were assigned either to a participant or observer role. The participant child interacted with an unfamiliar male assistant while the observer watched. One week later children were individually interviewed about the experience with the assistant using an interview schedule developed by Rudy and Goodman (1991). The interview schedule measured children's memory using the following question types: free recall; specific; misleading and correctly leading questions. Questions which had implications of abuse were also measured. Results were analysed using MANOV A's, ANOV A's and t-tests. Overall, participation was found to be unrelated to suggestibility. Children without intellectual impairments recalled more information and were more accurate on both specific and misleading questions than intellectually impaired children. However intellectually impaired children were found to be equally as resistant to suggestibility as non-impaired children when questions were specific and about the person involved or implicated abuse. The implications of intellectually impaired children's testimonies for psychological and legal contexts are discussed.
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BENEDAN, LAURA. "The Bicocca Suggestibility Scales: instrument development and testing individual differences in suggestibility in school-aged children." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/199075.
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Questa tesi presenta otto studi che hanno esaminato la validità e l'utilità del Bicocca Suggestibility Scales (BISS). Il BISS è una batteria di test creata appositamente per bambini italiani in età scolare, per valutare la loro vulnerabilità alla suggestionabilità. Esistono due versioni parallele dello strumento (BISS-A e BISS-B), affinché il test possa essere somministrato più volte allo stesso soggetto. Al bambino è richiesto di ascoltare una storia e subito dopo di riportare tutto ciò che ricorda di essa. Successivamente è coinvolto in compiti "distraenti". Quindi, gli vengono poste delle domande di controllo e suggestive relative alla storia. Indipendentemente dalla correttezza delle risposte fornite, al bambino viene dato un feedback negativo e tutte le domande vengono nuovamente proposte. Infine, al bambino viene chiesto di rievocare nuovamente tutto ciò che ricorda della storia, al fine di rilevare la presenza dell'effetto di disinformazione.
I primi quattro studi presentati in questa tesi hanno valutato le proprietà psicometriche del BISS, esaminando l'attendibilità delle forme parallele e la loro coerenza (Studio 1 e Studio 2). Lo Studio 3 ha valutato la validità concorrente del BISS confrontando i punteggi dei bambini al BISS e quelli ottenuti con il Bonn Test of Statement Suggestibility, mentre lo Studio 4 ha esaminato la struttura fattoriale del BISS. I risultati di questi 4 studi hanno dimostrato che il BISS è uno strumento valido e affidabile.
Gli studi successivi hanno esaminato la validità discriminante del BISS e il ruolo delle differenze individuali nella suggestionabilità. Nello specifico, lo Studio 5 ha esaminato la relazione tra memoria e suggestionabilità con intelligenza, memoria di lavoro e funzioni esecutive. Non sono emerse relazioni significative tra suggestionabilità e intelligenza, mentre è stata rilevata un'associazione negativa tra cedevolezza e memoria di lavoro.
Gli Studi 6 e 7 hanno indagato l'influenza della teoria della mente sulla suggestionabilità, valutando la teoria della mente attraverso due compiti che misurano la capacità di inferire lo stato mentale di una persona tramite stimoli visivi e uditivi. Nello Studio 6, le condizioni situazionali sono state mantenute costanti, mentre lo studio 7 ha valutato l'effetto congiunto di teoria della mente e comportamento dell'intervistatore. A tal fine, i bambini sono stati divisi in due gruppi in base alla loro abilità di teoria della mente precedentemente valutata. È stato mostrato loro un video e sono stati assegnati in modo casuale a due diverse condizioni sperimentali per essere intervistati da un adulto amichevole o da un adulto “ostile”. I risultati di questi studi supportano in parte l’ipotesi che la teoria della mente abbia un ruolo protettivo sulla vulnerabilità alla suggestionabilità, ma solo quando si considera la capacità di inferire lo stato mentale dell’altro tramite indizi vocali. Inoltre, i bambini intervistati da un adulto amichevole sono risultati essere meno suggestionabili dei bambini interrogati da un adulto “ostile”. Da questi studi è inoltre emerso che la suggestionabilità, intesa come “tratto”, e il comportamento dell'intervistatore sarebbero i principali fattori predittivi della performance dei bambini nel rispondere a domande fuorvianti.
L’ultimo studio (Studio 8) ha indagato la relazione esistente tra memoria, suggestionabilità e temperamento. Sono stati presi in considerazione otto tratti temperamentali: orientamento sociale, inibizione alla novità, attività motoria, emozionalità positiva, emozionalità negativa, attenzione, compiacenza e timidezza. Soltanto alcuni dei fattori temperamentali sono risultati essere associati alla memoria e alla suggestionabilità, mentre i tratti di attività ed emotività positiva sarebbero gli unici ad aggiungere valore predittivo al modello che anticipa le risposte dei bambini alle domande suggestive.<br>This thesis presents eight studies, which examined the validity and usefulness of the Bicocca Suggestibility Scales (BISS). The BISS is a test-battery specifically created for Italian elementary school children to assess their vulnerability to suggestibility. There are two parallel versions (BISS-A and BISS-B), so that the test can be administered more than once to the same child. Children are required to listen to a story and immediately recall everything they remember about the story. They are subsequently involved in “distracting” tasks. Then, they are asked several true and leading questions about the story. Independently of the correctness of their answers, they receive negative feedback and all the questions are proposed again. Lastly, they are required to recall again everything they remember about the story to detect the presence of the post-event misinformation effect.
The first four studies examined the psychometric properties of the BISS, by examining the test-retest reliability of the parallel forms of the BISS as well as their internal consistency (Study 1 and Study 2). Study 3 assessed the concurrent validity of the BISS by comparing children’s performance on the BISS to their performance on the Bonn Test of Statement Suggestibility. Study 4 examined the factor structure of the BISS. The results of the first four studies demonstrated that the BISS is a valid and reliable tool for assessing individual differences in suggestibility.
The next four studies examined discriminant validity and the role of individual differences in suggestibility. Specifically, Study 5 examined the relationship between memory and suggestibility with intelligence, working memory, and executive functions. The results did not support the existence of a relationship between suggestibility and intelligence, while a negative association between yield score and working memory was found.
The purpose of Studies 6 and 7 was to investigate the influence of theory of mind on suggestibility. Theory of mind skill was assessed through two different tasks that involved inferring the mental state of a person just from auditory and visual cues, respectively. This was assessed first by considering the individual level only. In Study 6 situational conditions were kept constant, and the relative contribution of theory of mind, working memory and inhibitory control were assessed. Study 7 evaluated the joint effect of theory of mind and the role of interviewer behaviour. After assessing children’s theory of mind, children were assigned to two different groups. They watched a video and were randomly allocated to two different experimental conditions to be interviewed by an adult acting in a friendly or a non-friendly manner. The results provided some support to the protective role of theory of mind on suggestibility, but only when considering the ability to infer others' mental states from auditory cues. The children interviewed by a friendly interviewer were less suggestible than the children questioned by a less friendly adult. Moreover, suggestibility as a trait-like characteristic and the interviewer's behaviour were shown to be the main predictors of children's performance in answering misleading questions about the video.
Study 8 investigated the relationships between memory, suggestibility, and temperament in school-age children. Eight temperamental traits were considered: social orientation, inhibition to novelty, activity, positive emotionality, negative emotionality, attention, compliance, and shyness. Only a few of the temperamental factors were associated with memory and a vulnerability to suggestive questions. Activity and positive emotionality were the only temperamental traits that added predictive value to the model predicting the children’s answers to leading questions. The final part of the thesis examines the implications of the findings along with the limitations, and future directions are discussed.
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Godino, Tara. "Gender differences in levels of suggestibility /." Full text available online, 2009. http://www.lib.rowan.edu/find/theses.
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Motzkau, Johanna F. "Cross-examining suggestibility : memory, childhood, expertise." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2006. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/16106.
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Initially a central topic for psychology, suggestibility has been forgotten, rediscovered, evaded definition, sabotaged experimentation and persistently triggers epistemological short-circuits when interconnecting psychological questions of memory, childhood and scientificity, with concrete legal issues of child witnesses' credibility, the disclosure of sexual abuse and psychological expertise in courts of law. The aim of this study is to trace suggestibility through history, theory, research and practice, and to explore its efficacy at the intersection of psychology and law, by examining and comparing the. concrete case of child witness practice in England and Germany. Taking a transdisciplinary approach the study draws on two interrelated sources of 'data' combining historical, theoretical and research literature with the analysis of empirical data. A genealogy if theory and research is combined with the results of reflexive interviews, conducted in England and Germany with practitioners from all those professions involved in creating, applying or dealing with knowledge about child witnesses and suggestibility: judges, prosecutors, lawyers, police officers, psychologists (researchers, experts) and social workers. Drawing on the work of G. Deleuze and 1. Stengers this study shows how practical tensions around reliable witnesses, evidence and expertise merge pragmatically with theoretical movements employed to adjust the discipline, thereby causing frictions and voids. In this sense suggestibility provides a liminal resource: It transgresses disciplinary boundaries and pervades pragmatic and theoretical, global and personal, historical and actual considerations, creating voids that allow us to reconsider the pragmatics of change and to redefine the issue of critical impact, as well as to reformulate the problem of child witness practice and children's suggestibility. The study hopes to make a concrete contribution to facilitating the just prosecution of sexual abuse by adding transparency to the complex and at times unhelpfully polarised field of child witness practice. By exploring the 'pragmatics of change' the study furthermore hopes to give an unsettling and productive impetus to theoretical debates within critical approaches to psychology.
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Cadet, de Fontenay Gabriel Roger Alain Laurent. "Intercultural differences in suggestibility amongst university students /." Link to the online version, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/990.
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Cadet, de Fontenay Laurent. "Intercultural differences in suggestibility amongst university students." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/3453.
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Thesis (MA (Psychology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.<br>The current study investigates intercultural differences in suggestibility between Black, Coloured and White students at a South African university using the Creative Imagination Scale (CIS), (Wilson & Barber, 1978). The CIS and a short biographical questionnaire measuring embeddedness in traditional culture were administered to three samples (N=20 each) from students belonging to the above cultural groups. Statistical tests were applied to determine the effects of ethnicity, cultural embeddedness and gender on CIS scores. The results indicate that these three dimensions do not significantly impact on CIS scores. Implications of the results obtained are discussed and ensuing recommendations for future related research are made.
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Gandhi, Balaganesh. "The psychology of suggestion and heightened suggestibility." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2006. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1445499/.
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Hypnosis is associated with profound changes in conscious thought, experience and behaviour and has a long clinical and experimental history. Data on the nature and role of hypnotic induction procedures is still somewhat lacking however, and probably the only thing one can say about them with any conviction is that they enhance suggestibility in some cases. Nevertheless, a review and re-analyses of previous work reveals that the effect of the induction of hypnosis on suggestibility may be substantial, comparable to psychological treatments in general. The work reported here makes a clear distinction between the hypothetical 'hypnotic state' and the phenomena produced by suggestion and aimed to investigate the necessity for the former in producing suggestibility changes and the mechanisms by which both exert their influence. As it had important implications for how non-hypnotic and hypnotic suggestibility were measured in the thesis, Study 1 (n=312) examined the relationship between lateral asymmetry and bodily response to suggestion. Study 2 (n=102) and Study 3 (n=105) explored the notion that absorption and reduced critical thought are instrumental in how inductions effect responses to test-suggestions and suggestions for pain modulation respectively. Study 4 (n=105) investigated the effect on suggestibility of a hypnotic induction and the extent to which the magnitude of this effect is altered by labelling the procedure 'hypnosis'. Study 5 (n=105) examined the influence of compliance to requests on suggestibility and addressed the role of strategy selection in response to suggestions. The findings are important for both clinical and experimental applications and indicate that important determinants of subsequent responses to suggestion are: (i) the definition of the situation as hypnotic which in turn enhances the expectation of benefits (ii) the focussing of attention and the reduction of critical thought and (iii) the facilitation of engaging in goal-directed behaviours through compliance to requests.
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Barnett, Robert C. (Robert Charles) Carleton University Dissertation Psychology. "Fantasy role players: imagination, dissociation and suggestibility." Ottawa, 1995.
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Stacom, Elizabeth E. "The effect of attentional bias on suggestibility." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10450/10064.
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Misirlisoy, Mine. "Suggestibility to false memories : contributing and attenuating factors /." Full text electronic version of this title, 2007. http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-06212007-154450.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Florida State University, 2007.<br>Advisor: Katinka Dijkstra, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Psychology. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Oct. 2, 2007). Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 65 pages. Includes bibliographical references.
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Bain, Stella Anne. "Measuring interrogative suggestibility : questions of reliability and validity." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2002. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21187.
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Gudjonsson developed two scales to measure interrogative suggestibility: Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scales I and 2 (GSS I and GSS 2; Gudjonsson, 1984a; 1987c). The aims of the present thesis were to examine issues related to the reliability and validity of these scales. Three studies are presented. Study I assessed the effects of two interviewer styles on measures obtained on the GSS 1. The hypothesis was that a generally abrupt demeanour adopted by the interviewer would lead to higher scores than a friendly demeanour. Results showed that participants tested in the Abrupt condition gained higher scores on two of the post-feedback GSS measures than those tested in the Friendly condition. It was concluded that post-feedback scores may be more sensitive to social aspects of suggestibility than responses to leading questions. Study 2 assessed the effect of the same interviewer demeanours on a sample of adolescents, a more vulnerable population (e. g. Richardson, Gudjonsson, & Kelly, 1995). It was hypothesised that the abrupt demeanour would produce higher GSS I scores, than a friendly demeanour and that this difference would be more marked than that found for normal adults. Results did not support the hypothesis. Scores were lower in the Abrupt condition; this difference was significant for post-feedback responses to leading questions. It was concluded that results provided further evidence that GSS scores are not readily predictable. Study 3 aimed to investigate indicators of "faking bad" on the GSS. It was hypothesised that participants instructed to fake suggestibility would demonstrate a unique scoring pattern. Results supported the hypothesis. It was concluded that an elevated pre-feedback score in the absence of any other raised scores may indicate malingering on the GSS. Issues related to the reliability and validity of the scales are discussed.
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Coddington, Nicola. "Interrogative suggestibility and its association with mental health." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.599881.
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Individuals who are prone to yield to leading questions and/or change answers under pressure are considered vulnerable to interrogative suggestibility (IS). This vulnerability can lead to false confession or inaccurate statements to the police or court. The first paper critically. reviewed 23 studies investigating IS with people with intellectual disability (ID), mental health problems and forensic participants using the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scales (GSS) or modified versions of these. The findings show that modifying the initial stimulus on the GSS (auditory) to a dual modality improves recall, reduces yield to leading questions and the tendency to change answers. Patients with mental health disorders (i.e., attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder and conversion disorder) performed differently to the general population on the unmodified GSS. In forensic participant, confession retraction was associated with higher yield to leading questions and changing answers on the unmodified GSS where there was an ID. In conclusion, modification to the GSS initial stimulus to include a dual modality for people with ID improves recall and reduces IS when compared to the unmodified GSS. Modifications may also benefit forensic participants. Evidence is emerging that mental health problems may impact on components of IS. Overall the findings are compromised by methodological flaws. I The empirical paper investigated the association between IS and anxiety, fear of negative evaluation and fear of engulfment in 24 offenders with schizophrenia Anxiety uniquely predicted IS and was associated with bow people yield to leading questions rather than how they cope with interrogative pressure. Fear of engulfment uniquely predicted IS and was associated with how people change their original answers following negative feedback. Fear of negative evaluation did not predict IS . These findings suggest that offenders with schizophrenia are vulnerable to IS which may in some cases have resulted in erroneous testimony.
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Carol, Rolando N. "Age trends and suggestibility : the effects of social influence." FIU Digital Commons, 2010. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2051.
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The present study explored how the source of suggestive information affected children's memory for a witnessed event as a function of age. Children and adolescents ranging from 7 to 17 years of age watched a 10-minute video and were then interviewed twice about the witnessed event: once immediately after watching the video and again 1 week later. During the second interview the source of social influence (peer vs. adult) and suggestive information accuracy (correct-leading vs. incorrect-leading) were manipulated. Findings indicate that adults were the most influential source and peers were the least influential source, regardless of age. The data also suggest an age trend in suggestibility such that younger children are more influenced by incorrect information attributed to an adult source than older children.
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Mesiarik, Constance M. Goldstein Naomi E. Sevin. "Gender, suggestibility, and self-reported likelihood of false confessions /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1860/2897.
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Bartlett, Robin Myers. "Individual differences and suggestibility of children's eyewitness memory reports." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2000. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1374.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2000.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 140 p. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 63-70).
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Boycheva, Elza. "A comparison of two standardized group hypnotic suggestibility scales." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2009.
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Grabner, Stephen Scott. "Assessing Instructed Feigner's Response to the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale." Diss., NSUWorks, 2018. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/cps_stuetd/121.
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Research has suggested that the interrogative suggestibility levels play an important role in the elicitation of a false confession within a police interrogation. The Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale (GSS-1) is currently the only validated assessment tool that measures interrogative suggestibility levels, and it is frequently used in forensic evaluations to help support or refute false confession claims. While it is imperative that the GSS-1 readily differentiate between those who are genuinely suggestible and those who are feigning higher suggestibility levels, past researchers have raised concerns regarding the layperson’s ability to feign higher suggestibility levels as measured by the GSS-1. This paper examines the ability to feign higher interrogative suggestibility levels as measured by the GSS-1 following instructions and incentive to engage in the manipulation. Undergraduate students from a local university (n=32) were randomly assigned to instructed feigners and a control group, and administered the GSS-1, as well as additional assessment tools with embedded validity indicators. Statistical Analyses, including one-way analysis of variances (ANOVA) and one-sample t-tests were employed. Results indicate that while instructed feigners can successfully decrease their free recall scores when compared to controls, they cannot successfully manipulate principle measures on the primary GSS-1 scales. These findings support claims that the GSS-1 is robust to feigning efforts when administered as outlined in the instruction manual, as well as in conjunction with sufficient distractor tasks. These findings are explored in the context of the current feigning literature, and recommendations for future use of the GSS-1 in false confession evaluations are discussed.
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0'Connor, Denise Mary. "An investigation of the robustness of the Gudjonsson suggestibility scales." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269900.
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Conradt, Travis W. "Explaining the Role of Emotional Valence in Children’s Memory Suggestibility." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1371046289.
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Braun, Blair E. "Correcting eyewitness suggestibility: does explanatory role predict resistance to correction?" Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1605620664101365.
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Shackleton, Hannah Lydia. "The measurement of suggestibility in adults with intellectual disabilities : an adaptation of the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scales and a systematic review exploring the influence of cognitive variables." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25921.
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Background: The tendency for accepting and/or behaving under the influence of other’s suggestion in an interview context can be described as ‘interrogative suggestibility’ (IS). The Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scales (GSS) are used within many clinical and forensic settings as a tool to gauge the reliability of information obtained during interviews. Concerns exist regarding the suitability of these scales for use amongst the population of people with an intellectual disability (ID). Previous research concludes that the GSS may disadvantage people with an ID, indicating a greater degree of IS than is actually the case. Method: The following systematic review of several electronic databases explores research to date (and what conclusions have been drawn) in relation to the degree to which cognitive variables relate to scores obtained on the GSS by people with an ID. The subsequent empirical study makes adaptations (e.g. supplementing verbal information with visuals) to the GSS in an attempt to improve its suitability for use with people with an ID. In addition, a number of cognitive variables are measured (e.g. verbal and visual memory) and their relationship with scores on the scales explored. Results: The adaptations to the GSS did not result in a significant change to scores on the GSS. It was found that visual memory ability may contribute to whether visual information effects scores on the GSS following adaptations. Whilst tentative conclusions are drawn regarding the role of memory ability, the systematic review of research was limited in it’s clarification of the role of cognitive variables in IS. This is likely due to limited scope and quality of existing research. Conclusion: Both the empirical study and the systematic review highlight the complexity of the field of interrogative suggestibility, particularly amongst people with an ID.
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Bonner, Karri. "An assessment of eyewitness accuracy the integration of suggestibility and misidentification /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2005. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4179.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2005.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 72 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 58-63).
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Barnes, Sean M. "A quantitative and qualitative comparison of group scales of hypnotic suggestibility." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2007.
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Frazer, Nicole Lynn. "Effects of expectancy and suggestibility on the assessment of cardiovascular reactivity." Scholarly Commons, 1994. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2777.
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Because it is a risk factor for coronary heart disease, cardiovascular reactivity has been the subject of much research. Interestingly, however, psychological variables that influence the assessment of cardiovascular reactivity have received little attention. This is a noteworthy omission because studies in this area could shed light on variables that influence reactivity and/or interfere with accurate measurement of heart rate and blood pressure changes. To help remedy this deficit, the present study examined the effects of two psychological variables, expectancy and suggestibility, on the assessment of cardiovascular reactivity to a mental arithmetic challenge. The study used a split plot factorial design (SPF 22.3). The expectancy manipulation had two levels, positive and negative. The suggestibility manipulation also had two levels, high suggestibility and low suggestibility. There were three trials consisting of baseline, presentation of the stressor, and a posttask recovery period. Sixty-eight participants were given the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale, and were assigned to high and low groups based on a median split. Next, they were randomly assigned to either the positive or negative expectancy group. Participants in all four groups were then given the same mental arithmetic challenge. Cardiovascular reactivity was measured by changes in heart rate and blood pressure. Results failed to show a significant main effect for either the expectancy or suggestibility manipulations. The interaction effects were also not significant. Possible reasons for these findings are discussed.
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Canfield, Lori A. "Predictors of suggestibility and false memory production in young adult women /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9840023.
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Ornelas, Claudia. "Development of the video suggestibility scale for children spanish-language version /." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2009. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.
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Ost, James. "Recovering memories : convergent approaches toward an understanding of the false memory debate." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323278.
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Trebes, Claudia. "A cross-cultural investigation in suggestibility and creative imagination in young adults." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1245.
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Hall, Chris. "An investigation of the effects of opiate withdrawal syndrome on interrogative suggestibility." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1998. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/901/.
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Almerigogna, Jehanne. "The effects of individual and social factors on children's perceptions and suggestibility." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2008. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-effects-of-individual-and-social-factors-on-childrens-perceptions-and-suggestibility(d4d4b69c-2f17-4a82-8b38-cd86ae87fe9d).html.
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The four main empirical studies reported in this thesis investigated the effects of interviewer behaviour and children's anxiety on children's perceptions and memory accuracy and suggestibility. The first and third studies explored how different interviewer nonverbal and verbal behaviours were being perceived by children. In these studies, eight- to ten-years-old watched video clips of an interviewer displaying combinations of nonverbal and verbal behaviours defined in the literature as'supportive' (e.g., smiling, positive verbal reinforcement) and 'non-supportive' (e.g.,closed body posture, verbal coercions), and were asked to rate the interviewer on six attributes (e.g., friendliness, strictness). The results from these studies demonstrated that smiling and positive reinforcements received high ratings on the positive attributes (i.e., friendly, sincere, and helpful) and fidgeting and negative reinforcements on the negative attributes (i.e., strict, bored, and stress). The second and fourth studies then examined the effects that these interviewer behaviours had on children's memory accuracy and suggestibility in investigative interviews. Eight- to ten-year-old children participated in a learning activity about the vocal chords. One week later, they were interviewed about the activity by an interviewer adopting either the supportive nonverbal or verbal behaviour or the non-supportive one. This showed that children interviewed by the non-supportive interviewers were less accurate, more suggestible, more likely to falsely report having been touched during the activity, less likely to say that they did not know an answer, and reported feeling more anxious due to the interviewing than those interviewed by the supportive interviewer. Finally, overall, children gave more correct answers to questions about central, as opposed to peripheral, details of the activity. The discussion of the empirical research is then followed by some concluding comments.
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Fassler, Oliver. "Repeated hypnosis testing and live versus taped administration attitudes, expectancies, motivation, and suggestibility /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2005.
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Devenport, Jennifer Leigh. "The effect of authority and social influence on eyewitness suggestibility and person recognition." FIU Digital Commons, 1994. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2782.
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This study investigated the influence of an authority figure on an eyewitness identification task. Subjects watched a staged crime and then were administered a photo lineup by either an authority or non-authority figure. Subjects who were administered a lineup by an authority figure were significantly more likely to choose someone from the lineup than subjects who were shown a lineup by a non-authority figure. Similarly, subjects who were given biased instructions were significantly more likely to choose someone from the lineup than subjects who were given unbiased instructions. These effect obtained whether the target was present or absent from the lineup. These data suggest that one way to minimize suggestibility of eyewitnesses is to replace the uniformed officer with a neutral individual. Alternatively, the effect of a police officer on a witness' choosing behavior may be eliminated by providing the witness with unbiased instructions.
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Corley, William Barrett. "The Effect of Forewarning on Suggestibility: Does it Depend on Working Memory Capacity?" TopSCHOLAR®, 2015. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1497.
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Suggestibility occurs when inaccurate information is incorporated into currently existing memories. The present study examined the effect of forewarning on suggestibility, including the influence of working memory capacity (WMC). The main hypotheses are that forewarnings will reduce suggestibility compared to the control group and that high-WMC will yield lower suggestibility compared to medium- and low-WMC. The final hypothesis is that WMC and forewarning will interact such that low-WMC individuals will benefit more than high-WMC individuals from the forewarning. A sample of 123 college students was recruited. Participants watched a clip of the TV-show 24. WMC was then assessed followed by the presentation of a misleading narrative. Prior to listening to the narrative, they read a set of instructions that sometimes contained the forewarning. After listening to the misleading narrative, participants took a test over their memories of the film. A 2 X 3 ANOVA was conducted and found a main effect for forewarning. No other effect was significant. The current results only support the first main hypothesis that forewarning reduces suggestibility. These results could be used to help prepare eyewitnesses to resist misinformation in the period between witnessing an event and reporting the event during a later trial.
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Bright-Paul, Alexandra Maria. "Source-monitoring and theory of mind contributions to variations in pre-schoolers' suggestibility." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.406928.
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Holgersson, Björn. "Suggestibilitets roll i empati : skillnaden mellan skillnaden mellan att passivt tilldelas och att aktivt dela en annans känsla." Thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-896.
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<p>Denna uppsats belyser empati ur ett troligen helt nytt perspektiv genom att likna empatiprocessen vid den suggestibla som ”den andres” förmedlande av stimu¬lus, vilket av målpersonen mottages, processas och därefter ofta resulterar i en, hos målpersonen, genuint upplevd känsla eller uppfattning. I uppsatsen förslås vidare att empati och suggestibilitet skiljer sig ifrån övrig form av var¬seblivning genom det radikala internaliserandet av stimulus som de ofta ska¬par hos målpersonen. Studiens syfte var att, baserat på detta förslag, utreda om det finns ett samband mellan empati och suggesti¬bilitet. En studie utförd med 42 per¬soner påvisade en tendens till samband mellan suggestibilitet och empati samt att kvinnor var signifikant mer suggestibla än män. Framtida forskning bör fortsatt testa om suggestibilitet kan förklara empati.</p>
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Knox, Joshua Adam. "The role of the experimental context hypnotic suggestibility, sleep experiences, dissociation, absorption, and scizotypy /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2005.
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McFarlane, Felicity Jane, and kimg@deakin edu au. "An Examination of the Validity and Usefulness of The Video Suggestibility Scale For Children." Deakin University. School of Psychology, 2000. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20040604.172637.
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The Video Suggestibility Scale for Children (VSSC) was developed by Scullin and colleagues (Scullin & Ceci, 2000; Scullin & Hembrooke, 1998) as a tool for discriminating between children who have different levels of suggestibility. The scale requires children to view a 5-minute video about a birthday party, and to subsequently participate in an interview consisting of 18 yes/no questions. The VSSC consists of two main subscales; Yield (a measure of children's willingness to respond affirmatively to misleading questions about the video) and Shift (a measure of the children's tendency to change their responses after negative feedback from the interviewer). Preliminary research by Scullin and colleagues suggested that the scale possesses satisfactory internal consistency and that children's scores on the VSSC can predict their performance in another suggestibility paradigm.
This thesis presents two studies, which further examine the validity and usefulness of the VSSC in an Australian sample of 3- to-5-year-old children. In Study One, children's performance on the VSSC (N = 77) was compared to their performance using other measures of suggestibility. These measures included children's willingness to assent to a false event as well as the number of false interviewer suggestions and new false details that the children provided in their accounts about an independent true-biased and an independent false (non-experienced) event. An independent samples t-test revealed that those children who assented to the false activity generated higher scores on the Yield measure. This pattern was also observed for the Shift subscale although it was not significant. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that Yield was a significant predictor of the number of false details reported about the false activity, but not the true-biased activity. There was no significant relationship between the Shift
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subscale and any of the dependent variables. Overall this study provided partial support for the construct validity of the VSSC. However, it indicated that children's performance on this scale may not be generalisable across different contexts and interview paradigms, and that the Yield subscale is more generalisable than the Shift subscale.
Study Two examined whether various group and individual factors that have previously been shown to relate suggestibility (i.e., age, IQ, memory, socio-economic status, gender, temperament) could predict suggestibility as measured by the VSSC. Two hundred and twenty children were recruited from kindergartens, and were divided into two broad socio-economic categories (based predominantly on income). Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that age, intelligence and memory inversely predicted children's Yield suggestibility. Further, children of low socio-economic backgrounds were more suggestible than children of high socio-economic background, and boys were more suggestible than girls on the Yield measure. Although shyness and other internalised and externalised characteristics were explored, no reliable significant relationships were found with Yield. With regard to the Shift subscale, no reliable relationships were found for any of the independent variables except for SES. Overall, results of Study 2 indicated that the VSSC is a potentially useful measure for discriminating between children's suggestibility on the basis on their individual characteristics, although benefits were observed mainly in relation to the Yield subscale. With reference to the findings of these two studies, the potential contribution of the VSSC for research and applied forensic contexts was discussed.
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Conradt, Travis W. "Children’s Suggestibility for a Happy, Sad, or Angry Event after a One-week Delay." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1320353844.
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Ottenborg, Matilda, and Linnea Wethje. "Vittnesmål på andraspråk i en förhörssituation : Betydelsen för trovärdighet och ledande frågor." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Psykologiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-157898.
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Förmågan till effektiv självreglering är väsentlig för personers självpresentation. Enligt teorin om "ego depletion" är självreglering en begränsad resurs vilken tillfälligt försämras om den överanvänds. I en förhörssituation kan detta bli problematiskt eftersom en självuttömd självpresentation kan bidra till minskad trovärdighet och ökad mottaglighet för ledande frågor. Detta kan förstärkas om vittnesmålet dessutom erläggs på ett annat språk än modersmålet. Syftet med studien var att undersöka om annat vittnesspråk än modersmål påverkar trovärdighet och erhållandet av ledande frågor. I ett experiment fick 60 personer uppskatta trovärdighet och formulera frågor till svenska respektive engelska vittnesmål. Därefter fick 12 oberoende personer skatta frågornas suggestibilitet. Resultatet visade att engelska vittnesmål (andraspråk) tenderade erhålla lägre trovärdighetsskattningar vilket kan bero på uttömd självreglering och misslyckade självpresentationer. Detta antyder att språk har inverkan på trovärdighet. Trots detta uppvisades ingen skillnad i andel ledande frågor beroende på språk. Framtida studier uppmanas testa effekten av "ego depletion" i autentiska förhörssituationer.
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Maiorano, Tiziana. "Gli effetti del trauma e del contesto forense sulla suggestionabilità interrogativa dei minori." Doctoral thesis, Urbino, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11576/2660300.
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Chick, Kay. "Major research project : an investigation into the relationship between interrogative suggestibility, compliance and personality disorders." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.600022.
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Objective: The constructs of interrogative suggestibility (IS) and compliance are particularly relevant within forensic settings where they may compromise the reliability of testimony. Both constructs may be influenced by individual difference factors such as personality, anxiety, self-esteem, memory and intelligence. This was one of very few studies to investigate the relationship between IS and personality disorders (PDs) and PD traits. In a replication and expansion ofa study by Gudjonsson and Main (2008), the relationship between compliance and PDIPD traits was also explored. Design: This study adopted a cross-sectional, correlational design. Participants completed measures ofP D, IS, compliance, estimated IQ, anxiety and self-esteem during a single testing session. Participants: Eighty-seven participants with a history of substance misuse and/or homelessness were recruited from charities/voluntary sector organisations across the south of England. - Results: Contrary to the hypotheses, no positive correlations were found between IS and any PDs investigated. However, negative relationships were observed between IS and several PDs/PD traits and clinical syndromes; this may be due to elements of paranoia, suspicion and distrust of others, which are antithetical to IS. Regarding compliance, this study largely replicated the results of Gudjonsson and Main (2008), finding positive correlations between compliance and various PDs/PD traits, and Cluster C PDs in particular. The possibility that the key link with compliance and these PDs was through anxiety and low self-esteem was explored using mediation analysis. Although both constructs were partial mediators, a significant proportion of the variance remains unexplained. Conclusions/lmplications: It would appear that the key components of compliance are more related to PDslPD traits than those of IS. Important implications have been outlined, including with regards to the potential vulnerability of individuals with certain personality styles/clinical syndromes and the corroboration of evidence regarding high compliance scores. Ideas for further research have been proposed.
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Perez, Christina. "Narrative Abilities and Resistance to Suggestion in Monolingual and Bilingual Children: Implications for Forensic Interviews." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1556563428655542.
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Gültekin, Raver. "Testifying through another tongue:Examining the effects of language barriers on accuracy and suggestibility in eyewitness testimonies." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Psykologiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-160651.
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Language barriers in eyewitness testimonies may pose threats toward witnesses’ accuracy, and consequently on the outcome of judicial procedures. The present study aims to investigate the credibility and the extent of reported detail information of eyewitnesses’ testimony of a crime event, when the testimony is given in witnesses’ first language, second language, or second language through interpreter. Moreover, the study examines whether eyewitness suggestibility is affected by the language to which the testimony is provided. Participants (N=60) were exposed to a mock crime event and subsequently performed memory tests about that event. Results showed no differences in accuracy of suggestibility between experimental conditions. The personality trait social desirability showed no relation to suggestibility or the extent of inaccurate detail information provided in the present study. The findings are discussed in the context of implications, limitations and future directions.
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Otal, Tanveer K. "The Effects of Suggestibility, Compliance, and Situational Stress on Miranda Abilities, Waiver Decisions, and False Confessions." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1538689/.
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Miranda abilities, individual characteristics, and contextual factors are critical elements to evaluate in determining the validity of Miranda rights waivers and confessions. Research indicates that many individuals waive their Miranda rights without adequate comprehension or reasoning. In addition, personality characteristics of suggestibility and compliance are key factors influencing waiver decisions. Furthermore, scholars found that situational anxiety likewise impairs Miranda abilities and waiver decisions. Previous research has investigated the effects of Miranda abilities, individual characteristics, and contextual factors on Miranda waivers and confessions by utilizing confession paradigms. A methodological limitation of these paradigms is the lack of volition and autonomy in committing the accused acts of wrongdoings. The current study of undergraduate students advances previous research through examining the detrimental impact of false accusations of wrongdoings committed independently and intentionally using a novel paradigm. This thesis sought to further the understanding of the effects of Miranda abilities (i.e., comprehension and reasoning), personality characteristics (i.e., suggestibility and compliance), and situational factors (i.e., false accusation) in relation to Miranda waivers and confession decisions. The final sample included 87 undergraduate students, of whom approximately 97% waived their rights and 40% falsely confessed to the wrongdoing. The results indicate that Miranda reasoning, suggestibility, and compliance significantly predict the likelihood of false confession. These findings can be used to inform policy changes as well as the evaluations of the validity of Miranda waivers and confessions.
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Kieckhaefer, Jenna M. "Understanding rapport-building in investigative interviews: Does rapport's effect on witness memory and suggestibility depend on the interviewer?" FIU Digital Commons, 2014. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1250.
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Most investigative interviewing protocols, including the National Institute of Justice’s 1999 guidelines on collecting eyewitness evidence, recommend building rapport with cooperative witnesses to increase the quality and quantity of details obtained at recall. To date, only three published articles have empirically addressed the effects of rapport-building on adult witness memory, and all suggest an increase in witness accuracy under certain conditions. However, to our knowledge no research has addressed the importance of the investigator when building rapport and whether rapport can increase witness susceptibility to suggestive-leading questions – the aim of the current research. Specifically, this project examined the effects of change in interviewer between rapport and retrieval, and the effects of interviewer suggestion after rapport eyewitness memory accuracy.
Participant witnesses (N=198) viewed a videotaped mock convenience store robbery followed by rapport-building or a standard police interview about non-crime related details (rapport manipulation). One week later all participants were interviewed about the mock crime they witnessed either by the same or a different interviewer (interviewer manipulation). All witnesses were interviewed about the mock crime using open-ended questions about the event, witnesses, suspect, and location followed by a series of specific suggestive questions containing both correct- and incorrect-leading information about the crime. Videotaped and transcribed witness reports were scored for accurate and false information by two independent raters.
Findings indicated that, contrary to all hypotheses, neither rapport-building on day 1 nor change in interviewer on day 2 (one week later) manipulations resulted in significant effects on the primary accuracy dependent measures on day 2, including open-ended and suggestive-leading questions. The present study was the first to investigate the effect of rapport-building on eyewitness recall after a delay, whether changing interviewers across the investigation impacts recall, and whether rapport can act as a safeguard by inoculating witnesses against investigator-provided misinformation. These null findings further suggest that future research should disentangle the specific conditions under which rapport-building facilitates witness recall need to be disentangled in future research.
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Lawson, Monica L. "The Reliability of Children’s Event Reports to Their Mothers." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo148093558237461.
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Leplat, Eleanor. "The effects of self-esteem and trait anxiety on the interrogative suggestibility of children aged between 8 and 10 years." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.405245.
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Alganami, Fatima Hamdi. "Suggestibility and source monitoring deficits in hallucinations : crosscultural studies of the relationship between dissociation, inner speech qualities and hallucinatory experiences." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2016. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3007660/.
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The research in this thesis on hallucinations, with both clinical and non-clinical samples, explores the relationships between hallucinations, reality discrimination biases, suggestibility, dissociative experiences and inner speech qualities. The thesis comprises 5 studies that tested: first, the impact of suggestibility on signal detection performance (a measure of reality discrimination); second, the relationships between hallucination proneness/hallucinations, suggestibility and dissociation when and when not controlling for the confounding effects of symptoms that frequently covary with hallucinations (i.e., paranoia and depression); third, the associations between hallucinations and childhood trauma, taking into account the mediating role played by dissociative process and qualities of inner speech. The studies were conducted in the UK and Saudi Arabia, allowing a demonstration that the findings are valid cross-culturally. One main finding is that hallucination proneness and hallucinations are associated with reality discrimination deficits (i.e., signal detection biases) as reported in many previous studies, and also with suggestibility and dissociation even after controlling for comorbidity. However, the reality discrimination deficits of hallucination-prone individuals and hallucinating patients were influenced by context (suggestions). The results of the correctional analyses revealed strong relationships between hallucinations and hallucination proneness with childhood trauma, especially sexual abuse. In addition, dissociative experiences and other people in inner speech mediated this relationship. Findings from students and patients in Saudi Arabia were similar to those obtained from students and patients in the UK in previous research, and to the findings from UK students in the present series of studies. The clinical implications of the findings are discussed.