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1
WANG, YI. "Sugar Control of Artemisinin Production." Digital WPI, 2006. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/460.
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The role of sugars as regulatory signals has mainly focused on their effects on plant growth, development, gene expression, and metabolism. Little, however, is known about their role in controlling secondary metabolism. Previous work in our lab showed that sugars affect the production of the sesquiterpene antimalarial drug, artemisinin, in hairy roots of Artemisia annua. In this study, sugars alone or in combination with their analogues were used to investigate if sugars control artemisinin production in Artemisia annua seedlings. Compared to sucrose, a 200% increase in artemisinin by glucose was observed. When the glucose analog, 3-O-methylglucose, which is not phosphorylated effectively by hexokinase, was added with glucose, artemisinin production was dramatically decreased but hexokinase activity was significantly increased compared to glucose. In contrast, neither mannose, which can be phosphorylated by hexokinase, nor mannitol, which can not be transported into cells had any significant effect on artemisinin yield. When different ratios of fructose to glucose were added to seedlings, artemisinin yield was directly proportional to glucose concentration. Although addition of sucrose with glucose gave inconclusive results, sucrose analogues decreased artemisinin production compared to sucrose. These results suggested that both monosaccharide and disaccharide sugars may be acting as signal molecules thereby affecting the downstream production of artemisinin. Taken together, these experiments showed that sugars clearly affect terpenoid production, but that the mechanism of their effects appears to be complex.
2
Yi, Wang. "Sugar control of artemisinin production." Worcester, Mass. : Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 2006. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-042906-210543/.
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3
Sagir, Emrah. "Photobiological Hydrogen Production From Sugar Beet Molasses." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614107/index.pdf.
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The main aim of this study was to investigate biological hydrogen production from sucrose and molasses by purple non-sulphur bacteria (PNS). The hydrogen production capacities of four different PNS bacteria (Rhodobacter capsulatus (DSM 1710), Rhodobacter capsulatus YO3 (Hup-), Rhodopseudomonas palustris (DSM 127) and Rhodobacter sphaeroides O.U.001 (DSM 5864)) were tested on sucrose and molasses. The photobiological hydrogen production were performed in 50 ml and 150 ml small scale photobioreactors, in batch mode. The produced hydrogen quantities, bacterial growth profiles and pH of the media were recorded through the
photobiological hydrogen production processes. Organic acids and sucrose consumption rates were determined by HPLC during the experiments. The maximum hydrogen productivitiy of 0.78 (mmol/lc.h) and 0.55 (mmol/lc.h) was obtained by R. palustris (DSM 127) on sucrose and molasses, respectively. Secondly, co-cultivation of these bacterial strains was studied. The maximum hydrogen productivity by co-cultivation of R. sphaeroides O.U.001 (DSM 5864) and R. palustris (DSM 127) was found as 1.0 (mmol/lc.h).
4
Yan, Youchun. "Enzymatic production of sugar fatty acid esters." [S.l. : s.n.], 2001. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB9102241.
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Vargas-Ramirez, Juan Manuel. "Evaluation of Storage Techniques to Preserve Fermentable Sugars from Sugar Beets for Ethanol Production." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/26618.
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New sugar beet varieties may qualify as an advanced biofuel feedstock in the U.S., but new alternatives to conventional pile storage are necessary to preserve fermentable sugars and allow yearlong beet ethanol production. Fermentable sugar preservation was assessed in sugar beets stored under aerobic and anaerobic atmospheres and in raw thick juice stored at acidic (2≤ pH≤ 5) and alkaline (8≤ pH≤11) conditions. Aerobic storage of sugar beets at 4°C for 14 wk resulted in higher fermentable sugar retention (99± 4%) than at 25°C or anaerobic storage at 4° C and 25° C. Raw thick juice retained ≥ 99% of fermentable sugars at pH 3.5 and 9.5 and refractometric dissolved solids content of 64.5° Bx. The changes in fermentable sugars in raw thick juice stored for 24 wk at acidic and alkaline pH were modeled by response surface methodology. Although raw thick juice was stored successfully at acidic and alkaline pH, conditions for high-efficiency fermentation must be developed.
6
Opara, Charles C. "Continuous ethanol production from Nigerian cane-sugar molasses." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1987. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/13788.
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The fermentation of carbohydrate sources into ethanol has become increasingly important to both industrialized and developing countries, because of its numerous uses and the need to produce it from renewable resources. In a developing tropical country such as Nigeria, proliferation of microbial life due to the hot climate, and lack of the technical know-how to maintain commercially available plants have created the need to look inwards in order to design and realize simple processes and units from local inputs. The inputs are the microorganism, sugar source, and fermentation system. In this project, high ethanol yielding microorganisms (yeast and bacteria) were isolated from local alcoholic beverages, characterized and used to ferment suitably clarified molasses. Cell immobilized, fixed-bed fermentation system was found most suitable for the tropics.
7
Vyas, Sarweshwar Prasad. "Radar remote sensing for monitoring sugar beet production." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363556.
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Porrez, Padilla Federico. "Maize and sugar prices: the effects on ethanol production." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Economics, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-8116.
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The world is experiencing yet another energy- and fuel predicament as oil prices are escalating to new hights. Alternative fuels are being promoted globally as the increasing gasoline prices trigger inflation. Basic food commodities are some of the goods hit by this inflation and the purpose of this thesis is to analyse whether the higher maize and sugar prices are having any effect on the expanding ethanol production. This thesis focuses on the two major crop inputs in ethanol production: maize (in the US) and sugar cane (in Brazil). Econometric tests using cross-sectional data were carried through to find the elasticities of the variables. The crops prices were tested against ethanol output using the log-linear model in several regressions to find a relationship. In addition, the output levels of the crops were tested using the same method. It was found that maize prices and output affects ethanol production. Sugar cane prices do not have any significant impact on ethanol production while sugar cane output has a small, yet significant relationhip with ethanol. Consequently, ethanol’s rise in the fuel market could be a result of increased maize input, rather than sugar.
Dagens värld upplever ännu ett energi- och bränsle predikament när oljepriser eskalerar mot nya höjder. Alternativa bränslen marknadsförs globalt samtidigt som de stigande bensinpriserna stimulerar inflationen. Några av de varor som drabbas av denna inflation är grundläggande livsmedelsprodukter och syftet med denna uppsats är att analysera huruvida de högre priserna på majs och socker påverkar den expanderande etanolproduktionen. Uppsatsen fokuserar på de två stora grödor som används som insatsvaror vid framställningen av etanol: majs (i USA) och sockerrör (i Brasilien). Ekonometriska tester genomfördes för att erhålla variablernas elasticiteter med hjälp av den cross-sectional data som behandlades. Genom log-linear modellen utfördes det ett antal regressioner för att hitta ett samband mellan grödornas priser och etanolproduktionen. Därutöver genomfördes tester för att hitta sambandet mellan grödornas utbud och etanol med hjälp av samma modell. Det upptäcktes att både pris och utbudet av majs påverkar etanolproduktionen. Sockerrörspriser har ingen signifikant inverkan på etanolproduktionen medan utbudet av sockerrör har en signifikant, om än svag, relation till etanol. Följaktligen kan etanols tillväxt i bränslemarknaden tolkas som ett resultat av en stigande majsinsats snarare än sockerinstats vid etanolframställningen.
9
Brandling, Janine Ellen. "Production of ethanol from tropical sugar beet / Janine Brandling." Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4811.
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The concern over depleting fossil fuel resources and increasing greenhouse
gas emissions has prompted the research into alternative and renewable
energy resources. Bioethanol is seen as a potential alternative to petroleum
fuels and is mainly produced from sugar and starch containing crops such as
sugar cane and maize. In South Africa the use of maize for ethanol production
has been prohibited due to food security concerns; therefore, alternative
feedstocks need to be investigated. Tropical sugar beet, a new variety of sugar
beet, is a potential alternative as it is able to grow in tropical and subtropical
climates using much less water than sugar cane. The main objective of this
study was to determine the potential of using tropical sugar beet for ethanol
production. The study focused on the effects of dilution ratio, pH, yeast
concentration and the addition of a nitrogen supplement on the ethanol yield.
The maximum ethanol yield of 0.47 g.g–1 which is a conversion efficiency of
92% and a glycerol yield of 0.08 g.g–1 was obtained when no additional water
was added to the juice. The best dilution ratio was found to be 1:4 which gave a
maximum ethanol yield of 0.48 g.g–1 which is a conversion efficiency of 94% and
a glycerol yield of 0.07 g.g–1. An ethanol yield of 0.48 g.g–1 which is a conversion
efficiency of 94% was achieved at a yeast concentration of 5 g.L–1 after four
hours of fermentation. Nitrogen supplements such as urea, peptone, yeast
extract and ammonium sulphate were added during fermentation. The addition
of a nitrogen supplement to fermentation had a positive effect on the ethanol
yield. The maximum ethanol yield of 0.47 g.g–1 which is a conversion efficiency
of 92% was achieved when urea was added to the fermentation. The addition of
a nitrogen supplement also decreased the amount of glycerol formed from 0.15
g.g –1 to 0.08 g.g–1. Ammonium sulphate was chosen as the preferred nitrogen
source as it is a simple component that can enter the cell directly. A maximum
ethanol yield of 0.45 g.g–1 which is a conversion efficiency of 88%, was
achieved when 750 mg N.L–1 ammonium sulphate was added. Adjusting the pH
prior to fermentation had no real effect on the ethanol yield. The maximum
ethanol yield of 0.45 g.g–1 was achieved at all the pH values investigated. Therefore the natural pH of the juice, or pH values between 4 and 5.5, could be
used. Adjusting the pH was done to merely reduce the risk of contamination.
The optimal fermentation parameters were found to be pH 4, yeast
concentration 5 g.L–1 and a ammonium sulphate concentration of 750 mg N.L–1.
At these conditions, a maximum ethanol of 0.45 g.g–1 was achieved. These
results show that tropical sugar beet with a sugar content of approximately
21.8% (w.w–1) is a good feedstock for ethanol production in South Africa.Thesis (M.Sc. Engineering Sciences (Chemical Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.
10
Denslow, David. "Sugar production in northeastern Brazil and Cuba, 1858-1908." New York : Garland, 1987. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/15549420.html.
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11
Onpraphai, Thaworn, and n/a. "Information systems for regional sugar cane production forecasting and localised yield estimation: a Thailand perspective." University of Canberra. Resource, Environmental & Heritage Sciences, 2004. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060517.142422.
Full textAbstract:
Sugar is an important global agricultural commodity and a significant input to the
advanced industrialised world. Annual average global sugar production is around 120
million tonnes, with consumption around 118 million tonnes. Sugar is produced under
a broad range of climatic conditions in some 120 countries and is one of the most
heavily traded agricultural commodities (FAO, 2001). Plants produce sugar as a
storehouse of energy that is used as required. Approximately 70% of sugar is
produced from sugar cane while the remaining 30% is produced from sugar beet
(Sugar Knowledge International, 2001).
Thailand's cane and sugar industry is now one of the major sources of foreign income
for the country. The value of sugar exports (around 35 billion baht or AUD $1.5
billion per annum) ranks among the top ten exported commodities of the Thai
economy. Approximately 9.2% of annual global sugar production is exported from
Thailand (WTO, 2001).
The sugar industry is extremely complex and comprises individual links and
components in the supply and demand chain that are more delicately in balance than
with most other commodity based industries. Thailand's sugar production has been
characterized by greater extremes of variability than in most other sugar producing
countries. A unique combination of pests, disease, climate, soils, problems with plant
available moisture and the low technology basis of crop management has increased
production risk and uncertainty for the crop. Total tonnage of cane and sugar is
notoriously difficult to predict during the growing season and for a mature crop before
the harvest.
Accordingly, the focus of this research is on the development and testing of methods,
algorithms, procedures and output products for Sugar Cane Crop Forecasting and
Yield Mapping. The resulting spatial and temporal information tools have the potential
to provide the basis of a commercially deployable decision support system for
Thailand's sugar industry.
The scope of this thesis encompasses several levels within a geographical hierarchy of
scales; from regional, district, farm, and plot within a study area in northeastern
Thailand. Crop forecasting at regional level will reduce production risk uncertainty
while yield mapping and yield estimation at local, farm and plot scales will enable
productivity to be improved by identifying, diagnosing the cause of and reducing
yield variability.
The research has three main objectives. These are to:
Develop statistical analysis procedures and empirical algorithms expressing the
relationship between yield potential and spectral response of sugar cane yield as a
basis for mapping, monitoring, modeling, forecasting and management of sugar
production in Thailand.
Evaluate the validity of a technology based versus conventional approach to crop
forecasting and yield mapping, commencing with a series of testable null-hypotheses
and culminating in procedures to calibrate and validate empirical
models against verifiable production records. Outcomes are used to review and
evaluate existing and potential future approaches to regional crop forecasting,
localised yield mapping and yield estimation tools for operational use within
Thailand's sugar industry.
Identify, evaluate and establish performance benchmarks in relation to the
practicality, accuracy, timeliness, cost effectiveness and value proposition of a
satellite based versus conventional approach to crop forecasting and yield
mapping.
The methodology involved time series analysis of recorded sugar cane yields and
production outcomes paired with spectral response statistics of crops derived from
satellite imagery and seasonal rainfall records over a three year period within four
provinces, forty five component districts and 120 representative farms.
Spectral statistics were derived fiom raw multi-spectral satellite imagery (multitemporal
SPOT- VI at regional scale and Landsat 7 ETM+ imagery at local scale)
acquired during the 1999 to 2001 sugar cane seasons. Crop area and production
statistics at regional scale were compiled and furnished by the provincial sugar mill
and verified through government agencies within Thailand. Selective cutting at
sample sites within nominated fields owned by collaborating growers was undertaken
to validate localised differences in productivity and to facilitate yield variance
mapping.
Acquisition, processing, analysis and statistical modeling of remotely sensed satellite
spectral data, rainfall records and production outcomes were accomplished using an
empirical approach. Resulting crop production forecasting algorithms were
systematically evaluated for reliability by assessing accuracy, spatial and temporal
variability. Long term rainfall and district sugar cane yield and production records
were used to account for district and season specific differences between estimated
and recorded yields, to generate error probability functions and to improve the
accuracy and applicability of empirical models under more extreme conditions.
Limitations on finding and length of records constrained the number of seasons and
the area for which satellite imagery with contrasting levels of spatial and spectral
resolution could be acquired. The absence of verifiable long term production records
combined with limitations on the duration and area able to be covered by field trips
meant that time series analysis of paired data was necessarily constrained to a three
year period of record coinciding with the author's period of candidature. Accordingly,
although a comprehensive set of well correlated district and month specific yield
forecasting algorithms was able to be developed, temporal restrictions on data
availability constrained the extent to which they could be subjected to thorough
accuracy and reliability analysis and extended with confidence down to farm and field
scale.
A variety of approaches, using different parameter combinations and threshold values,
was used to combine individual districts and component farms into coherent groups to
overcome temporal data constraints and to generate more robust production
forecasting algorithms, albeit with slightly lower levels of apparent accuracy and
reliability. The procedures adopted to optimise these district groupings are
systematically explained. Component differences in terrain, biophysical conditions
and management approaches between district groupings are used to explain
differences in production outcomes and to account for apparent differences between
forecast versus actual yields between districts both within and between different
groups.
The outcomes of this research - particularly the data acquisition and analysis
procedures, empirical modeling, error assessment and adjustment techniques, and the
optimisation procedures used to facilitate grouping of districts - provide a practical
basis for the deployment of an operational sugar cane production forecasting and yield
mapping information system to facilitate planning and logistical management of
production, harvesting, transportation, processing, domestic marketing and export of
sugar from northeastern Thailand. At the local and farm level, yield maps and plot
based yield estimates will assist users to improve productivity by recognising,
identiwing and responding to potential causes of within and between field spatial
variability.
However, before such an information system can be confidently deployed, additional
resources will be required to obtain paired production records, spectral data fiom
satellite imagery and biophysical input data over a longer period to ensure that the
empirical models are operationally robust and to validate their accuracy under a wider
range of conditions by comparing forecasts with actual outcomes over larger areas
during the next few seasons.
12
Ozkan, Leyla. "Dark Fermentative Bio-hydrogen Production From Sugar-beet Processing Wastes." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12610980/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
In this study, bio-hydrogen generation potential of sugar-beet processing wastes (sugar-beet processing wastewater and beet-pulp) through dark fermentation was investigated. For this purpose, four different experimental set-ups were used.
In the first set-up, sugar-beet processing wastewater was used along with four different cultures to investigate the effect of culture type on bio-hydrogen production. In addition, unseeded reactor was prepared to investigate bio-hydrogen production potential of indigenous microorganisms. The highest bio-hydrogen production yield (87.7 mL H2/g COD) was observed in the unseeded reactor. In the second set-up, beet-pulp was compared with sugar-beet processing wastewater in terms of bio-hydrogen generation potentials at an initial COD level of 4.5 g/L. In the third set-up, bio-hydrogen productivities of only beet-pulp and co-digestion of beet-pulp and sugar-beet processing wastewater at high COD values were investigated. The results of third set-up revealed that the reactor fed by 20 g/L COD beet-pulp provided the highest bio-hydrogen production yield (95.6 mL H2 /g COD). Finally, in the fourth set-up, the effects of five different pretreatment methods on solubilization of beet-pulp were investigated. Then, three out of five pretreatment methods were chosen to compare the corresponding bio-hydrogen productivities. Maximum bio-hydrogen production yield (115.6 mL H2/g COD) was observed in reactor which contained alkaline pretreated beet-pulp.
Based on the results obtained in this study, it is postulated that, bio-hydrogen production from sugar-beet processing wastes by dark fermentation can not only enable waste minimization but also contribute to sustainability via valuable bio-based product formation from wastes, namely bio-hydrogen.
13
Roberts, Justo. "Energetic Analysis of Hydrogen Production in a Sugar-Ethanol Plant." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-41260.
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In the present work it is evaluated the possibility of incorporating the production of hydrogen through the steam reforming of ethanol in a sugar-alcohol plant. The analysis is made using as a model an existing plant located in São Paulo, the Pioneros Distillery. An energetic and exergetic analysis is performed. Three operating scenarios were analyzed. In the first configuration the plant only generates electricity to supply its internal needs. In a second scenario the plant uses all the bagasse to generate electricity, targeting to sell electric power. Finally it was considered the possibility to incorporate the hydrogen production by ethanol steam reforming. The capacity of the plant to produce hydrogen is evaluated. The surplus bagasse is used to generate the electricity and thermal energy required for hydrogen production. A part of the anhydrous alcohol is used in the reformer for hydrogen production. An energetic study of the plant is developed based on the first law of thermodynamics. Some important parameters related to the thermal system performance are evaluated like: steam consumption in the process, specific consumption of steam turbines; and those properly related to plants of sugar-ethanol sector as: electrical or mechanical power generated from one ton of sugarcane and power generated from a given amount of bagasse burned in the boiler. It is considered the possibility of generating electricity using bagasse, which could be sold to the local energy concessionaire. Characteristic parameters of a cogeneration system (α and β) are also evaluated, these parameters depend on the characteristics of the thermodynamic system and the operating strategy. The system energy losses, excluding those located in the boiler and the electric generator, are higher in scenario 2 than in scenario 1. The efficiency is 70% in Scenario 1 and 57% in scenario 2. In scenario 3, the plant's potential for hydrogen generation is 4,467,000Nm3/year (951Nm3/h). To achieve this, the new process uses 7 % of the anhydrous ethanol produced in the plant, which implies a surplus of 37 lethanolanhydro/tcane available for sale. In this configuration all the bagasse is used for electricity and heat generation required for the hydrogen production. The hydrogen could be used for fuel cell vehicles. The plant is able to supply 68 buses with autonomy of 200 to 300 km per day. The incorporation of the hydrogen production process by steam reforming represents an attractive alternative to the sugar-alcohol sector.
14
Smith, Adrian. "Enduring unfreedom: law and the state in Trinidadian sugar production." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103610.
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In the context of sugar production in Trinidad, the dissertation examines the role of law and the state in the incorporation of unfree labour during the colonial and early post-colonial period. In orienting the analytical focus to account for the human agency and resistance of sugar workers, the dissertation finds that law and the state channel worker opposition into processes or pathways of exit. These exit processes mediate the shifts within, and transitions between, unfree labour regimes. Three key observations emerge from the historical analysis. First, the "mobilize to immobilize" dynamic, which describes how legal regimes tightly structured the movement and relocation of unfree sugar workers, represents a broad and generalizable phenomenon. Second, the "pathways to exit" illustrate the ways that law channels opposition and shapes expectations. Third, the recurring demands of "recruitment" and "retention" made by owners, demonstrates how aggregated capital's need for labour power extraction is internalized within and facilitated by the state. In constituting the conditions and relations of unfree labour, law and the state render unfree labour an enduring (if strategic) feature of capitalism.Le mémoire examine le rôle du droit et de l'État dans l'incorporation de la main-d'œuvre non libre pendant la période coloniale et au début de l'ère postcoloniale dans le contexte de la production de sucre sur l'île Trinité. En orientant l'approche analytique pour expliquer la capacité ou non d'agir des individus et la résistance des travailleurs du sucre, le mémoire constate que le droit et l'État canalisent l'opposition des travailleurs vers des processus ou des sentiers de sortie. Ces processus de sortie servent d'intermédiaires aux changements internes et aux transitions des régimes de main-d'œuvre non libre. Trois observations clés découlent de cette analyse historique. En premier lieu, la dynamique « mobiliser pour immobiliser », qui décrit comment les régimes juridiques ont structuré étroitement le mouvement et le déplacement des travailleurs du sucre non libres, représente un phénomène vaste et généralisable. Deuxièmement, les « sentiers de sortie » illustrent les méthodes utilisées par le droit pour canaliser l'opposition et façonner les attentes. Troisièmement, les demandes répétées de « recrutement » et de « rétention » des propriétaires démontrent comment l'État intériorise et facilite le besoin d'extraction de la force de travail du capital agrégé. En établissant les conditions et les relations de la main-d'œuvre non libre, le droit et l'État font de la main-d'œuvre non libre un élément persistant (bien que stratégique) du capitalisme.
15
Hiatt, Erin Elizabeth. "Optimization of Oat Amylase During Sprouting to Enhance Sugar Production." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7438.
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New food innovation is largely based on consumer demand, and currently many consumers demand healthy foods with clean label ingredient statements and plant-based origins. Sprouted grain products meet these qualifications and thus are growing in popularity. Sweetened products have been made from oats by adding exogenous amylase enzymes to hydrolyze starch into sugars. The purpose of this study was to create a clean label oat sweetener using endogenous enzymes. First, amylase activity under various sprouting conditions was determined for 4 hulless and 10 in-hull oat varieties. Paul (hulless variety) and Horsepower (in-hull variety) had the highest amylase activity after sprouting 120 h at 16°C. The amylase activity in these two varieties was then further optimized by determining the highest amylase activity occurred by sprouting for 120 hours at 24°C. Second, amylase activity was determined for these two varieties after oven-drying and freeze-drying of sprouted oats, followed by a 4-week ambient storage period. Paul decreased in alpha-amylase activity for both oven-dried and freeze-dried samples, whereas Horsepower remained constant in its amylase activity for oven-dried and freeze-dried samples. Stored samples were also analyzed for susceptibility to lipid oxidation using SPME-GC-MS. All hexanal levels rose during the 4-week storage study except for the oven-dried Paul samples which began high and decreased over time. Third, a slurry of sprouted Horsepower oats, oat flour, and water was incubated at 45, 55, and 65°C to determine the optimal temperature needed to create a sweetened paste for use in oat-based food products. Incubation at 55°C had the highest initial rate of sugar production as measured by normal phase HPLC. Amount of sugar produced increased over time and plateaued at 6 h.
16
Kayode, Bayonle Ayokunle. "Solvothermal production of dimethylfuran from sugar derivatives toward future transport fuel." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2015. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6381/.
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2,5-dimethylfuran (2,5-DMF) has gathered interest as an energy-dense compound with similar fuel properties to gasoline. This thesis describes the catalytic hydrogenation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5-dimethylfuran, employing three different hydrogen donor sources (molecular H\(_2\), mixture of formic acid/triethylamine and 2-propanol). Transmission electron microscope analysis showed that the bio-Pd synthesised by D. desulfuricans were generally larger than both the monometallic Bio-Ru and bimetallic Bio-Pd/Ru synthesised by B. benzeovorans. Under optimised conditions in molecular H\(_2\), 5 wt% Ru/C catalyst achieved 95.1% 2,5-DMF yield in 2 hours; in contrast the 20 wt% Bio-Ru/Pd gave 60.3% yield of 2,5-DMF at identical conditions. Transfer hydrogenation of 5-HMF to 2,5-DMF was investigated over Ru/C catalyst in formic acid/triethylamine mixture achieving 92.1% 2,5-DMF yield in 4 hours at 210 \(^o\)C and 5:2 molar ratio. It is interesting to note that 56.7% 2,5-DMF yield was achieved using the 20 wt% Bio-Ru/Pd catalyst at identical conditions. Transfer hydrogenation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in 2-propanol was studied over 5 wt% Bio-Ru/Pd catalyst and 42.6 2,5-DMF yield was obtained at 260 \(^o\)C after 2 hours of reaction time. It is concluded that hydrogenation of 5-HMF in molecular H\(_2\) offer superior advantages to transfer hydrogenation in HCOOH/Et\(_3\)N mixture and 2-propanol in terms of product yield and selectivity.
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Cadieux, Christena Linn. "Biosynthesis of Nucleotide Sugar Monomers for Exopolysaccharide Production in Myxococcus Xanthus." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35408.
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Myxococcus xanthus displays social (S) motility, a form of surface motility that is key to the multicellular behaviors of this organism. S motility requires two cellular structures: type IV pili (TFP) and exopolysaccharides (EPS). Previous studies have shown that M. xanthus does not use glucose or any other sugar as a primary carbon source. However, eight monosaccharides, namely glucose, mannose, arabinose, galactose, xylose, rhamnose, N-acetyl-glucosamine, and N-acetyl-mannosamine, are found in M. xanthus EPS. In this study, pathways that M. xanthus could use to produce the activated sugar monomers to form EPS are proposed based on genomic data. Of the eight sugars, pathways for seven were disrupted by mutation and their effects on the EPS-dependent behaviors were analyzed. The results indicate that disruption of the two pathways leading to the production of activated rhamnose (GDP- and TDP-rhamnose) affected fruiting body formation (GDP form only) and dye binding ability (both forms) but not S motility. Disruptions of the xylose, mannose, and glucose pathways caused M. xanthus to lose S motility, fruiting body formation, and dye binding abilities. An interruption in the pathway for galactose production created a mutant with properties similar to a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) deficient strain. This discovery led us to study the phenotypes of all mutant strains for LPS production. The results suggest that all mutants may synthesize defective LPS configurations. Disruption of the UDP-N-acetyl-mannosamine pathway resulted in a wild type phenotype.
In addition, it was discovered that interruption of the pathway for N-acetyl-glucosamine production was possible only by supplementing this amino-sugar in the growth medium. In an attempt to determine if other mutants could be recovered by sugar supplementation, it was discovered that the Î pgi mutant can be rescued by glucose supplementation. The Dif chemotaxis-like pathway is known to regulate EPS production in M. xanthus. DifA is the upstream sensor of the pathway. Previous studies had created a NarX-DifA chimeric protein, NafA, that enables the activation of the Dif pathway by nitrate, the signal for NarX. In this study, we constructed a Î pgi difA double mutant containing NafA. This strain was then subjected to various incubations with glucose and/or nitrate to determine whether the point of EPS regulation by the Dif pathway is down- or up-stream of the step catalyzed by Pgi (phosphoglucose isomerase). Preliminary results from this study are inconclusive.
Master of Science
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Gómez, Millán Gerardo. "Valorization of low concentration sugar side-stream from dissolving pulp production." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672014.
Full textAbstract:
Among the platform chemicals that can be produced from lignocellulosic biomass, furfural
(FUR) constitutes a promising intermediate that can be processed into a variety of advanced end products.
In this thesis, the catalytic dehydration of C5-sugars was first developed and optimized using aqueous xylose solutions before the prehydrolysate of birch wood was used as a real substrate. Initially, the use of various metal oxides, such as sulphated zirconium dioxide
(SZ) on cordierite and aluminum oxide on cordierite, as catalysts for the conversion of xylose to FUR was investigated and optimized, as they were considered relatively stable under hydrothermal conditions and also exhibit a relatively high proton activity. The maximum
FUR yields from xylose were 41 mol% when using SZ on cordierite after 2 min at
210 °C, 43 mol% when using alumina on cordierite for 30 min at 210 °C and 48 mol% using autocatalysis for 60 min at 210 °C. After five reusability cycles with SZ on cordierite, this catalyst can be regenerated with similar performance and FUR yield in the 6th cycle.
In addition to heterogeneously catalyzed xylose dehydration into FUR in a monophasic, aqueous system, FUR formation in a biphasic system under auto-catalyzed conditions was also investigated. With water-immiscible organic solvents such as isophorone, cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME), 2-methyltetrahydrofuran and 2-sec-butylphenol (SBP) FUR was immediately extracted from the aqueous phase to avoid degradation as far as possible. The maximum FUR yields reached from xylose were 48 mol% when using isophorone, 78 mol% when using CPME and 59% when employing SBP. The use of birch prehydrolysate as a source of C5-sugars led to a yield of 68% furfural and 0.01 mmol of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural at 190 °C when using CPME. When using SBP as organic solvent, a furfural yield of 54% was reached at 190 °C under optimized conditions.
In the second phase of the dissertation, Starbon®, a carbonaceous sulfonated acid catalyst, was used in a two-phase system to produce furfural from xylose. A maximum furfural yield and selectivity of 70 mol% was achieved at complete xylose conversion under optimum experimental conditions. This work suggests that functionalized Starbon® can be used as solid acid catalyst for the conversion of C5-sugars into FUR that has significant hydrothermal stability and can be reused for several cycles.
Finally, a techno-economic analysis was completed for a furfural plant with a production capacity of 5 kt/a with a minimum selling price to be 1.33 EUR/kg. This value is comparable to similar studies in the field.La biomasa lignocelulósica representa un sustituto renovable de los materiales fósiles para la producción de combustibles y otros productos químicos. Las hemicelulosas en la biomasa lignocelulósica representan una materia prima atractiva para la producción de plataformas versátiles para un amplio rango de aplicaciones. Debido a su alto contenido en xilosa y su bajo contenido en lignina y otros carbohidratos que son productos de la degradación, el prehidrolizado de la madera es la fuente más prometedora de pentosas. En el proceso Kraft, el prehidrolizado genera durante la producción de pulpa para disolver. En la actualidad, los volúmenes de pulpa para tratar aumentan en promedio más de 5% cada año, y el prehidrolizado se considera una fuente sostenible de pentosas. Entre los productos químicos que pueden ser producidos a partir de estos materiales de origen biológico, el furfural (FUR) constituye un producto de interés que puede ser transformado en una gran variedad de productos finales avanzados. En esta tesis doctoral, la deshidratación catalítica de pentosas se desarrolló y optimizó utilizando disoluciones acuosas de xilosa antes que el prehidrolizado de madera de abedul fuera utilizado corno sustrato real. Inicialmente, se utilizaron varios óxidos metálicos, corno dióxido de zirconio sulfatado (SZ) sobre cordierita y óxido de aluminio sobre cordierita, como catalizadores para la conversión de xilosa a FUR, los cuales fueron relativamente estables bajo condiciones hidroterrnales. Las producciones de FUR a partir de xilosa fueron 41 mol% cuando se utilizó SZ sobre cordierita después de 2 rnin a 21 O ºC y 43 mol% cuando se utilizó alurnina sobre cordierita por 30 rnin a 21 O ºC, mientras que el sistema autocatalizado produjo 48 mol% después de 60 rnin a 21 O ºC. El catalizador SZ sobre cordierita puede ser regenerado con rendimiento y producción de FUR similares. Adicionalmente a la deshidratación catalítica heterogénea de xilosa a FUR en un sistema monofásico acuoso, la formación de FUR en un sistema bifásico bajo condiciones autocatalizadas también fue investigado. Con la adición de disolventes inmiscibles en agua como isoforona, ciclopentll metil eter (CPME), 2-metiltetrahidrofurano (2-MTHF) y 2-sec-butilfenol (SBP), el FUR extrae desde la fase acuosa y así se evita su degradación. La producción máxima de FUR alcanzada de xilosa fue 48 mol% cuando se utilizó isoforona, 78 mol% cuando se utilizó CPME y 59% con SBP. El uso de prehidrolizado de abedul como fuente de pentosas condujo a una producción de 68% de FUR y 0.01 mmol de 5- hidroximetilfurfural a 190 ºC cuando se empleó CPME. Cuando se utilizó SBP como disolvente orgánico, se alcanzó una producción de furfural del 54% a 190 ºC. En la segunda parte de esta tésis doctoral, se utilizó Starbon®, un catalizador ácido sulfonado de naturaleza carbonosa, en un sistema bifásico para producir furfural a partir de xilosa. Se alcanzó una producción máxima de furfural y una selectividad de 70 mol% con una conversión completa de xilosa. Se concluye, por tanto, que el Starbon® funcionalizado puede ser utilizado corno catalizador ácido sólido para la conversión de pentosas a furfural puesto que, además, tiene una estabilidad hidrotermal elevada y puede ser reutilizado por varios ciclos.
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Vargas, Rodriguez Claudio Fabian. "Effect of sugar supplementation in lactating dairy cows." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/15166.
Full textAbstract:
Master of ScienceDepartment of Animal Science and Industry
Barry Bradford
During the past decades, the dairy industry has been challenged to find alternative approaches in order to feed cows without affecting their performance or increasing production costs. To accomplish these objectives, some options that have been implemented are the inclusion of short chain carbohydrates to replace starch and the addition of synthetic supplements to increase feed efficiency. In order to assess the impact of these strategies, an experiment was conducted to evaluate productive responses of lactating dairy cattle when they received sucrose and/or exogenous amylase in low starch diets. The results indicated that milk production, milk component profile, and feed efficiency were not significantly altered by the use of the enzyme, sucrose inclusion, or the combination of both. Comparing these results with the literature revealed apparent inconsistencies in responses to the inclusion of sugar in dairy rations. For that reason, a meta-analysis was performed to determine the impact of different sugar sources on milk production, and also to evaluate the impact of other dietary factors on response to dietary sugar. The results indicated that dry matter intake responses were significantly (P < 0.05) affected by an interaction between added sugar and dietary forage neutral detergent fiber content, but overall, dry matter intake tended to increase when sugar replaced corn grain in diets. Energy corrected milk was not affected by dietary sugar, but milk production showed a tendency to respond to treatment, dependent on an interaction between added sugar and rumen undegradable protein. In summary, sugar inclusion may promote small increases in dry matter intake, but the impact on milk production is inconsistent; both factors may be influenced by the diet to which sugar is added.
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Freeland, Angela Colleen. "Mathematical modeling of the dynamics and production of biosensors /." Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3004267.
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Cox, Graeme J. "A yield mapping system for sugar cane chopper harvesters." University of Southern Queensland, Faculty of Engineering and Surveying, 2002. http://eprints.usq.edu.au/archive/00004617/.
Full textAbstract:
[Abstract]: Yield maps provide essential information for the spatial analysis and evaluation of crop production management at a within field level. Technology has been developed to conduct yield mapping in various crops including grain, potatoes and forage, but as yet no technology exists for yield mapping sugar cane. The chopper harvester is the most common form ofmechanical harvester for sugar cane. Therefore, the goal of this research is to develop a yield mapping system for the chopper type sugar cane harvester.After a review, it is proposed that a suitable accuracy goal for the sugar cane mass flow sensor would be ‘less than 5% cumulative measurement error, 95% of the time (2 standard deviations), measured over a 100m2 harvest area’.Existing mass flow sensors for other crops are reviewed.Based on this review four potential techniques are proposed to measure the mass flow rate of sugar cane. These were defined as the chopper power, elevator power and feed roller separation and weigh pad. These weretested simultaneously by placing various sensors on a single harvester and comparing the sensor outputs with the mass flow rate as measured by a weigh truck. In this trial, all techniques offered potential but none produced results close to the accuracy goal. A weighing technique, known as the ‘weigh pad’, offered the most potential for improvement and potential to accurately measure the mass flow rate with a single calibration under all conditions. The weigh pad technique suffered from very small load cell sensitivity to flow rate, drift in baseline readings and susceptibility to mechanical noise/acceleration dynamics.An opportunity arose to install a complete yield mapping system on a harvester within a commercial operation. This opportunity was accepted to assess the potential for applying yield maps to the agronomic management of sugar cane. Because the weigh pad sensor required further development at this stage, chopper and elevator power were used as a measure of mass flow rate. A full yield mapping system was developed. Yield mapping, directed soil sampling and variable rate gypsum application was conducted on a case study field. Economic analysis shows a clear economic benefit when compared with standardmanagement.Analysis is conducted on the weigh pad sensor examining its susceptibility to mechanical noise/acceleration dynamics. Theory is developed to mathematically model the effects of acceleration dynamics on the accuracy of weigh pad sensor. Laboratory bench testing supported the mathematical model. From the theoretical and experimental analysis a number of conclusions are drawn:· The weigh pad should be made as light as possible to minimise the error due todynamic conditions.· Electronic analogue filters should be used to reduce the noise due to externalacceleration.· The weigh pad should be as rigid as possible to maximise its natural frequency.A new weigh pad sensor was designed based on these conclusions. Field trials indicated the effects of external accelerations dynamics were significantly reduced. Baseline drift was then found as the next major factor limiting accuracy. The baseline drift was principally caused by the secondary extractor fan of the harvester inducing a negative pressure on the weighpad. A rubber curtain placed between the weigh pad and the secondary extractor fan reduced the negative force on the weigh pad due to the secondary extractor fan by 74% (from 17 N to 4.4 N). Therefore it is recommended the curtain be used to minimise the impact of the secondary extractor fan on the baseline drift of the weigh pad.A yield mapping system has been developed for the sugar cane chopper harvester incorporating the weigh pad sensor, a ground speed sensor, a DGPS receiver, a yielddisplay/monitor and data logger. Three identical systems have been constructed and installed on three harvesters for the 1998 cane harvest season. The results show sugar cane could be yield mapped using standard yield mapping principles.The level of accuracy being achieved by the yield mapping system is less than 16% error, with 95% confidence, over a measurement area of approximately 1400 m2. Although theaccuracy achieved is not to the desired research goal, yield maps were produced with satisfactory detail to make agronomic management decisions. The reliability of the sugar cane yield mapping system under field condition in a commercial operation was satisfactory. However, two techniques are proposed (“auto-zeroing” and “batch weighing” techniques) to improve the accuracy and reliability of the weigh pad readings during wet or adverseharvesting conditions.After note: At the time of writing the NCEA along with Case Austoft (CNH) were continuing to conduct research and development on the system and are intending to make theyield mapping system available as a standard item on new harvesters and a retrofit unit on existing harvesters in the near future (C. Barret, per. comm. 2001). The proposed “autozeroing” and “batch weighing” techniques are being tested.
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Canas, Ana. "Acetoin production from pyruvate in Leuconostoc mesenteroides NCDO 518." Thesis, University of Reading, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319244.
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Colombaroli, Tulio. "Ecological and Exergetic analysis of Hydrogen Production in a Sugar-Ethanol Plant." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-41809.
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This work aims an ecological and exergetic analysis of the hydrogen production by steam reforming of part of the ethanol produced in a sugar-ethanol plant. The Pioneiros Distillery, located in São Paulo, is used as model for this study. Three cases are described. In case 1 the plant produces energy only for domestic needs. A part of bagasse is not burned and it is stored. In Case 2, all available bagasse is used for production of steam. Part of the steam is used in the production process meeting the demand of the plant and the rest of steam is converted into electrical energy that can be sold at concessionaires. In Case 2 it is produced more energy than in Case 1. Case 3 includes the production of hydrogen by steam reforming of a part of the produced ethanol. Steam and energy for steam reforming is generated from combustion of bagasse. An exergetic analysis is performed. The exergy flows associated with the sugar-ethanol plant are calculated locating and quantifying the losses and irreversibility. The ecological impact of use of the bagasse as fuel to generate thermal and electrical energy for the ethanol reformer was studied. The main pollutants that damage the atmosphere, namely: CO, CO2, NOx and PM have been taking into account. Carbon Dioxide emissions were calculated taking into account the carbon cycle (considering the absorption of carbon dioxide by the sugarcane during its growth), resulting in negative balance emissions, i.e., carbon dioxide was absorbed in higher amounts than emitted. The thermodynamics (ηsystem) and ecological (ε) efficiencies of Steam reforming of ethanol were calculated. The thermodynamic efficiency was 56% and the ecological efficiency was 80%. When the carbon cycle is taking into account the ecological efficiency is 90%. The incorporation of an ethanol reformer in a sugar-ethanol plant for hydrogen production is a very interesting option where environmental benefits are obtained. Problems related with the storage of bagasse are avoided because all the bagasse is burned for the production of steam and energy to the reformer. The amount of hydrogen that can be produced in Pioneiros Distillery could supply fuel for 68 buses with a range from 200 to 300 km per day.
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Banda, Azel. "Electricity production from sugar industries in Africa : a case of South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6983.
Full textAbstract:
Bibliography: leaves 65-70.Low access to electricity is a problem in Africa. Apart from South Africa and Mauritius access to electricity generally falls below 30% of the population. The situation is even worse in the rural areas which housed about 70% or more of the population and whose access to modern energy services in these areas is between 5%-10%. Hence, this work aims at providing means of increasing access to electricity for the larger portion of the continent. This work looked at the potential of using bagasse, a waste from sugar production, to produce electricity beyond the sugar factory to the national grid. It shows that bagasse generated electricity can contribute to increasing this access in Africa as a whole by as much as 9.4 TWh, using Condensing Extraction Steam Turbines. However, this increase varies among countries with the highest being Swaziland, 67%, and the lowest South Africa, 1.5%, due to the current capacity. The actualization of this technical potential, however, can only come about with proper application of relevant policies and measures that need to be in place for Africa in general and South Africa in particular as more detailed work was done on the latter. Due to limitation in scope, this work did not cover the social, financial and agronomic aspects and neither was optimization of sugar considered in evaluating electricity from bagasse.
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Fleming, Phyllis H. (Phyllis Harriett) Carleton University Dissertation Sociology. "The bitter of the sweet; sugar production and underdevelopment on St. Kitts." Ottawa, 1987.
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Vrběcká, Lucie. "Světový trh cukru a postavení ČR na tomto trhu." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-162208.
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In my diploma thesis I am analysing world sugar market and the role of the Czech Republic on this market. In the first chapter I am describing sugar as a general commodity, its usage, consumption and production, also the production in important areas. In the second part of the thesis I am writing about the restrictions of the sugar market from European Union, I am describing all reforms and quotas and its influence on all countries. In the third part, the most important one, I am writing about sugar trade on Exchange which instruments are mainly being used, news forms of trading such as Fair Trade. I am also describing factors that influence development of prices. In the last part, also very important one, I am writing about the role of the Czech Republic on the world market and its development throughout the years and about attenuation of the sugar production in our country.
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Villegas-Peñaranda, Luis Roberto. "Production of Sialic Acid Analogs in Engineered E. coli: Characterization of Amino Sugar Recycling." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39807.
Full textAbstract:
This research focused on the study of the amino sugar recycling and sialic acid degradation pathway as a possible entry point for N-acyl glucosamines for the production of sialic acid analogs. Meeting this objective would allow the development of a bacterial strain capable of producing non-natural nonulosonic acids that could be used in the development of medicines, vaccines or useful compounds for the study of interactions between pathogenic organisms and their host.
The first step was to understand how N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-6-phosphate deacetylase reacts to different types of substrates in order to determine its tolerance to the size of acyl groups in acyl amino sugars. This was achieved by studying the enzymatic activity in an in vitro system. We determine that the enzyme has a preference for small and slightly bulky acyl groups. Then, an in silico docking modeling and an in vivo system experiment were carried out. These experiments allowed to confirm the previous results.
The second project was carried out due to the uncertainty of whether the kinase involved in the catabolic pathway would be able to phosphorylate the substrates. By quantifying residual ATP, the high specificity of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine kinase could be verified. This result led us to think about the design of an organic synthesis strategy that would allow the phosphorylation of glucosamine in carbon 6. A simple synthetic route was designed based on the protection of the two most reactive moieties of the amino sugars and the reactivity of the hydroxy group on carbon 6. However, we had problems with the purification step of the final product due to its high polarity.
The next stage of this investigation was to confirm the transformation of GlcNAc into ManNAc. For this, an NMR analysis was designed that would detect the presence of both sugars in the reaction system. The epimerization of ManNAc to GlcNAc was detected successfully. Notwithstanding, the reverse reaction could not be detected. Based on the results obtained in the previous stage, we realized that an error was made in the epimerization reaction since we placed the wrong kinase because we did not take into account its substrate specificity.
Finally, we tried to produce sialic acid analogs in a fermentative system using different genetic variants of Escherichia coli. Two of the expected analogs, Neu5Pr and Neu5nBu, were obtained. In addition, NagA activity towards substrates with small acyl groups was confirmed.
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Ozkan, Endam. "Photofermentative Hydrogen Production Using Dark Fermentation Effluent Of Sugar Beet Thick Juice By Rhodobacter Capsulatus." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613718/index.pdf.
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Biological hydrogen production through integration of dark and photo-fermentation by using biomass is a promising alternative for energy supply problems. The main purpose of this study was to investigate photobiological H2 production by the purple non-sulfur (PNS) bacteria Rb. capsulatus on dark fermentation effluent of sugar beet thick juice (DFESBTJ). Presence of NH4+ in effluents is an important parameter since NH4+ inhibit the nitrogenase enzyme activity. Therefore, the influence of different NH4+ concentrations in the DFESBTJ by removing using natural zeolite clinoptilolite on photofermentative H2 production were studied using Rb. capsulatus DSM1710 and Rb. capsulatus YO3 (hup-). Also, the effect of EtOH concentrations (between 6.25 and 200 mM) in the defined medium on H2 production were studied using both bacterial strains since EtOH is a possible by-product of dark fermentation process. The experiments were carried out in small scale bottle photobioreactors (PBRs) and outdoor panel PBR (4 L). H2 productivity of 1.12 mmol/Lc/h was
attained over 15 days of operation for panel PBR. The results showed that the zeolite was effective in removing NH4+ from the DFESBTJ as its concentration decreased by 95% after treatment. In both bacterial strains, an increase in the maximum
productivities and molar H2 yields was observed with the decrease in NH4+concentrations. There was no significant effect of EtOH on H2 production except the inhibition at 200 mM. The main conclusions were that both bacterial strains could
effectively utilize the DFESBTJ for growth and H2 production, therefore facilitating the integration of the dark and photo-fermentation for sustainable biohydrogen production.
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Pinto, Fátima Cristina Romão Vieira. "Advances on the production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) by mixed microbial cultures from sugar cane molasses." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/7868.
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Yu, Le. "Metabolic Engineering of Clostridium tyrobutyricum for Enhanced n-Butanol Production and Sugar Utilization." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1429797613.
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Watson, Julie Elizabeth. "Pentose sugar utilisation in Clostridium beijerinckii NCIMB 8052 for biobutanol production : genetic and physiological studies." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2012. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/6051.
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The future of biofuel production hinges on a cheap, readily available feedstock. In terms of resources available, lignocellulose is the most abundant renewable resource on the planet, available from a plethora of sources such as agriculture, forestry, industry and municipals, therefore presenting an attractive resource. Cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin are the three main constituents of lignocellulose. The viability of such a feedstock requires as much of these constituents being converted to product as possible and therefore requires the suitable candidate organism to achieve this. Hemicellulose, an often pentose-rich portion of lignocellulose, can constitute as much as 35%. Traditionally yeasts, namely Saccharomyces cerevisiae, have been employed in biofuel production. However, yeasts are often unable to utilise pentose sugars found in the hemicellulose fraction.In this study the ability of Clostridium beijerinckii to utilise the pentose sugars xylose and arabinose was investigated. The ability of C. beijerinckii to utilise these pentose sugars was established, total solvent yields were 0.34 gram/gram (g.g) of arabinose or xylose consumed, in comparison to 0.41 g.g of glucose consumed. The presence of glucose on low mixed-sugar concentrations (1%), but not on high (6%) hindered the use of both pentoses. The ability of C. beijerinckii to utilise pentose sugars in xylan. C. beijerinckii was capable of fermenting xylan and smaller hydrolysate units of xylan, however the solvent yield was poor. The ability of C. beijerinckii to utilise a pentoserich waste stream, spent dried distillers' grains (DDGS) was also investigated. Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of DDGS produced a total solvent yield of 0.25 g.g in comparison to 0.34 g.g on media containing the equivalent soluble sugars. The ability of C. beijerinckii to utilise both pentose sugars led to in-silico studies to identify gene systems involved and implicated several genes organised in two distinct clusters, one for each pentose sugar, within the genome. Proteomic analyses by liquid chromatography electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry of whole-cell proteins harvested from cultures of C. beijerinckii grown on either xylose or arabinose as the sole carbon source provided further evidence to implicate the gene systems identified by the in silico analyses. Genes were then targeted for characterisation in-vivo using a number of E. coli knock-out mutants, lacking one or more of key genes involved in pentose sugar use. This identified arabinose isomerase, xylose isomerase and xylulokinase genes.
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Dodd, Roland John, and roland dodd@gmail com. "A Knowledge Based Supervisory Support System for Pan Stage Operations in a Sugar Mill." RMIT University. Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2009. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20090721.111341.
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The recent downturn in world sugar prices has placed even greater demands upon the Australian sugar industry to reduce the costs of sugar manufacture and increase the consistency of producing high quality sugar. One of the proposed approaches in increasing the consistency of very high quality sugar production and leveraging further avenues for cost saving is in the development of a computer based advisory system. This system is able to provide expert knowledge in the area of pan stage management and best practices in the absence of human experts. This thesis explores the design, key features and outcomes of a knowledge based supervisory support system (KBSSS) framework proposed specifically for providing cooperative decision support in the area of pan stage operations within a sugar mill. To demonstrate the viability of the proposed KBSSS framework a prototype system was developed in accordance with the proposed framework. The KBSSS utilises three core innovative system technologies that form the core components of the proposed KBSSS framework. These technologies are: 1) Dynamic industrial pan stage process models for identifying the dynamic relationships between sections of pan stage operations to allow for future forecasting of pan stage operating conditions, 2) Integration techniques for the merging of the developed pan stage process models into the hybrid fuzzy logic expert system rule base to provide localisation adjustment to match with local real world factory operational conditions, and 3) Explanatory capabilities to provide justification and support of system advice and recommendations. As a result of research and development carried out in this thesis, the KBSSS's test results demonstrated in the thesis indicate the viability of the proposed KBSSS framework and highlight the forecasting capabilities of the developed system resulting in favourable outcomes compared to data from pan stage operations. As a result of the research undertaken in the thesis a prototype KBSSS, for pan stage operations, based upon the three core supporting intelligent system technologies reported in the thesis has been developed.
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Richardson-Calfee, Lisa E. "Post-Transplant Root Production, Mortality, and Periodicity of Landscape-Sized Shade Trees." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28315.
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A more thorough knowledge of rooting behavior of transplanted trees is needed to better understand plant establishment. The objectives of this research were to: 1) determine if transplant timing affected root system regeneration of northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) and willow oak (Q. phellos L.), 2) determine the effect of transplant timing and nursery production system on root, shoot, and trunk growth periodicity of balled-and-burlapped (B&B) and pot-in-pot (PIP) sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.), and 3) characterize seasonal patterns of root production and mortality of transplanted sugar maple. No new root growth occurred outside or within the root balls of red or willow oak between November transplanting and January excavation. However, new root growth was observed when November- and March-transplanted oaks were excavated in April, indicating that new root growth occurs primarily in late winter and/or early. Transplanted and non-transplanted sugar maples exhibited a pattern of maximum rates of shoot extension in early May, root length accumulation in late May, and trunk expansion in mid June. Rate of root length accumulation was less in summer and fall. Transplanting did not appear to disrupt the normal growth periodicity of sugar maple, except when transplanted in July. Abundant root length accumulation occurred in the July transplants at a time when root length accumulation had slowed in all other treatments, resulting in the July transplants having similar standing root lengths as the other transplants by fall. Standing root length of non-transplanted PIP sugar maple declined dramatically in spring. While root production in sugar maple was limited to the growing season, root mortality occurred at a steadier rate throughout the year. Most root mortality occurred in winter in transplanted trees and spring and summer in non-transplanted trees. Non-transplanted PIP trees had greater standing root length, production, and mortality than the other treatments. Indices of root activity (analogous to turnover rates) and production:mortality ratios illustrated the dominant role that root production plays relative to mortality in recently transplanted trees. These data indicate that transplanting and the PIP production system disrupt typical patterns of root production and mortality in sugar maple.Ph. D.
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Euwema, Jeffrey A. "The decline of sugar production and the rise of cocoa production in Grenada 1870-1917: the changing fortunes of a cocoa peasantry." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42751.
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Post-emancipation Grenada poses a unique situation in the agricultural milieu of the Caribbean. Grenada not only defied the norms of a mono-cultural existence, but experienced relative prosperity during a time of general depression. The colony's prosperity between 1870-1917 can be attributed to the agricultural transformation from large-scale sugar production to small-scale peasant cultivation of cocoa in the latter half of the nineteenth century.
Much of the written history concerning post-emancipation society in the Caribbean has tended to underline the collective impoverishment following the decline of sugar production. Furthermore, studies have concentrated on the handicaps and inefficiencies associated with peasant agriculture. This thesis attempts to go beyond these broad generalizations of underdevelopment and examines how Grenada's agricultural transformation to cocoa initiated fundamental change in the countryside. This agricultural transformation to cocoa not only allowed Grenada to escape the disastrous consequences experienced by its neighbors, but gave rise to an independent peasantry. An evaluation of the resulting socioeconomic consequences will focus on how the cultivation of cocoa helped the peasantry improve their situation, provided them with a greater sense of humility and most importantly contributed to the overall welfare of the colony.
Master of Science
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Belt, Rodriguez Tamara Claudia. "Agricultural modernisation in Colombia 1936-1990 : markets, institutions and technology in sugar, banana and potato production." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1995. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2840/.
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This study analyses the factors associated with rural modernisation between 1936 and 1990 and places them in an international context. It focuses on the production of three commodities-sugar, bananas and potatoes. The approach departs from orthodox neo-classical analysis, which maintains that markets are the central agency responsible for change, and argues that institutions, the nature of the crop, technology, labour and land tenure as well as markets determined the path of agrarian transformation. This argument is sustained by considering scale- and capital-bias in agrarian technology, patterns of land usage and the changing role of labour in the productive process. The three commodities studied are regionally specific, sugar in the Cauca Valley, bananas in the Magdalena Valley and the Gulf of Uraba and potatoes in the departments of Boyaca and Cundinamarca. Developments within these regions are presented with reference to appropriate national and international trends. For the sugarmill owner, informal institutions and political links assisted in obtaining machinery and inputs. For the banana exporter, links with international markets and capital availability allowed them quickly to establish production and trade. For potato growers, private local initiative and indirect state programmes fostered development. With bananas and sugarcane most changes to the productive process were labour and land saving. Nonetheless, labour remained an important aspect of cultivation and harvesting and some methods reverted to more labour intensive production with the passage of time. Moreover, low-cost techniques played an important role for all three crops throughout the modernisation process. The research proves that though relative prices have an influence on production, existing land usage structures, institutional arrangements, technical change absorbtion, and capital-bias distorted market prices and resulted in paths to modernisation that were less than optimal.
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Funk, Andrew Joseph. "Effects of sugar metabolism mutations on ethylene production and related transcript levels in developing maize seeds." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0024674.
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Ramos, Dulcinéia Aparecida Rissatti [UNESP]. "Território e indústria: as empresas metalomecânicas em Sertãozinho." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89804.
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ramos_dar_me_prud.pdf: 824649 bytes, checksum: 585105f2ef9f91f0e0a09bcd2fdfe05a (MD5)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Secretaria de Estado da Educação
Este trabalho analisa o subsetor metalomecânico no município de Sertãozinho e sua dependência em relação ao setor sucroalcooleiro, que possuem uma ligação intrínseca desde os primeiros engenhos, na origem do município, às grandes plantas das agroindústrias produtoras de açúcar, álcool e outros subprodutos da cana-de- açúcar, nos dias atuais. O município se desponta pela participação de sete agroindústrias processadoras de cana e várias empresas do subsetor metalomecânico, recorte dessa pesquisa, especializadas em usinagem, caldeiraria, fundição, produtoras de peças e equipamentos e prestação de serviços ao setor sucroalcooleiro. A rápida expansão da cultura de cana-deaçúcar na região, a presença das unidades processadoras, conferiu uma territorialização e especialização produtiva por parte dessas empresas metalomecânicas, que por sua vez, estabelecem relações entre si, instituições e poder público como estratégia de ampliar a capacidade produtiva. Dentro desse contexto, como forma de entender os condicionantes de competitividade utilizou-se a Teoria do Diamante de Porter (1999) que aborda os quatro determinantes e o Governo (Estado), criando um ambiente onde as empresas competem. São eles: Condições de Fatores (insumos) verificou-se a presença de eficiente infra-estrutura viária, a criação de distritos industriais pelo poder público local, fator terra com elevado grau de ocupação do solo pela cultura de cana, existência de mão-de-obra qualificada, composta também pela participação dos proprietários no processo de produção, e a presença de instituições de ensino para a qualificação profissional. Condições de Demanda constatou-se uma demanda crescente por açúcar e álcool no mercado internacional e ampliação do mercado interno para o álcool, em conseqüência desses fatores observou-se investimentos por parte das...
This work analyses the metal-mechanic production subsector in Sertãozinho’s municipality and its dependency in relation to the sugar-alcohol production sector. These two sectors have an intrinsic link beginning with the first machines created in the municipality since its origin until the current sugar, alcohol and other sugarcane agroindustries. The municipality gains importance because of the participation of seven sugarcane agro-industries and many metal-mechanic enterprises. These ones are specialised in machining, boiling, iron foundry, engine pieces and equipments production, and services relating to the sugar-alcohol sector. The fast expansion of sugarcane in Sertãozinho’s region and the presence of processors unities have territorialised and specialised the production of the metal-mechanic enterprises. These enterprises, in their turn, have established relations with each other and with different institutions and the public power as a strategy of expanding the productive capacity. In this context, it was used the Diamond’s theory of Porter (1999) aiming to understand the competitiveness conditionings. This theory focuses in four determinants and government (State) in order to create an environment of enterprise competition. They are: Factors Conditions (inputs), to verify the presence of efficient Road infrastructure, creation of industrial districts by local public power, high occupation of soil by sugarcane, qualified workmanship (with proprietary’s participation in production process) and presence of professional qualifying teaching institutions. Demand Conditions, to find a rising demand for sugar and alcohol in the international market and an increase of internal alcohol market... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Witmer, Robert K. "Water Use of Landscape Trees During Pot-In-Pot Production and During Establishment in the Landscape." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30199.
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Water conservation and pollution concerns from nutrient runoff will very likely dictate precise irrigation regimes for nursery managers in Virginia. Maximum plant growth with minimum input of water and fertilizer is becoming increasingly important. Therefore, water use and growth of red and sugar maple (Acer rubrum L. 'Franksred' and Acer saccharum Marsh.) were studied during two years of pot-in-pot (P+P) production and during three years after transplanting to field soil. Three major experiments were completed. The first experiment studied the effect of frequent irrigation (three-times-a-day) versus standard once-a-day irrigation and found that frequent irrigation increased trunk diameter growth of sugar maples in the second production cycle and for red maples in both production cycles. Height growth of neither species was affected by frequent irrigation. A study of sap flow pattern indicated that late day water stress of red maples was partially alleviated by frequent irrigation. In the second experiment, red and sugar maples were transplanted to field soil after one (1-yr) or two (2-yr) years of P+P production. Irrigation frequency requirement decreased as the trees grew and depended on environmental conditions, size at planting, source of water (rainfall versus irrigation) and species. Height and trunk diameter of 1-yr red maple was equal to that of 2-yr trees after only one year. Height and trunk diameter differences between 1-yr and 2-yr sugar maple trees persisted three years after transplanting. In the third experiment water use of 1-yr and 2-yr red and sugar maple while in P+P production was investigated. Four models of daily water-use were developed. A simple model that is suitable for growers includes species, trunk cross-sectional area (BA) and air temperature (TA) observations. An environmental model was developed using the Penman-van Bavel estimate of evapotranspiration (ET). ET required modifications based on tree characteristics, air temperature, windspeed and relative humidity to be an effective predictor of water-use. A complex model was based on a sine-cosine function of day-of-the-year. This model fits water-use data well for each species and production cycle and includes BA, ET and TA. An alternate simpler model requires only day-of-the-year, TA and BA, offering growers a relatively simple and accurate model of water use.Ph. D.
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Batumbya, Nalukowe Barbara. "Sustainable Industrial Development in Uganda through Cleaner Production : Case Study of Sugar Corporation of Uganda Ltd (SCOUL)." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-32720.
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The thesis provides an assessment of Cleaner Production (CP) implementation in Ugandan industries, using Sugar Corporation Of Uganda Limited (SCOUL) as a case study. The thesis covers the time the CP programme was implemented in 2004 to date. The study is primarily concerned with the sustainability of CP in Ugandan industries. Using the local Uganda Cleaner Production Centre (UCPC) Assessment Approach, both qualitative and quantitative research methods are used to explore the trend (progress) of environmental and economic performance of CP in SCOUL. Several indicators are used to gain better understanding of the raw materials, products and waste in SCOUL. The thesis sets out to assess the environmental and economic performance of CP in Uganda, identify barriers to CP and make recommendations for Sustainable CP in Uganda. The findings show that both the environmental and economic performance of SCOUL continues to improve, in line with raw material, products and wastereduction. This improvement can be attributed to the different CP optionswhich were implemented. These options include reduction, reuse and recycling. From the findings, it can also be argued that CP is a practical way towards sustainable industrial development as demonstrated in the progress made by SCOUL and that CP has good potential for application in other industries in Uganda. This is because CP is simple to implement and yet it has both economical and environmental performance benefits. As such, it can be argued that CP will lead to sustainable industrial development in Uganda. The long term aim of this study is to contribute towards promotion of sustainable industrial development in Uganda by showing that the implementation of Cleaner Production is simple and yet it has both financial and environmental benefits.www.ima.kth.se
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Tiukova, Ievgeniia A., Mats E. Petterson, Christian Tellgren-Roth, Ignas Bunikis, Thomas Eberhard, Olga Vinnere Pettersson, and Volkmar Passoth. "Transcriptome of the Alternative Ethanol Production Strain Dekkera bruxellensis CBS 11270 in Sugar Limited, Low Oxygen Cultivation." Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för immunologi, genetik och patologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-200117.
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Dekkera bruxellensis can outcompete Saccharomyces cerevisiae in environments with low sugar concentrations. It is usually regarded as a spoilage yeast but has lately been identified as an alternative ethanol production organism. In this study, global gene expression in the industrial isolate D. bruxellensis CBS 11270 under oxygen and glucose limitation was investigated by whole transcriptome sequencing using the AB SOLiD technology. Among other observations, we noted expression of respiratory complex I NADH-ubiquinone reductase although D. bruxellensis is a Crabtree positive yeast. The observed higher expression of NADH-generating enzymes compared to NAD(+)-generating enzymes might be the reason for the previously observed NADH imbalance and resulting Custer effect in D. bruxellensis. Low expression of genes involved in glycerol production is probably the molecular basis for high efficiency of D. bruxellensis metabolism under nutrient limitation. No D. bruxellensis homologs to the genes involved in the final reactions of glycerol biosynthesis were detected. A high number of expressed sugar transporter genes is consistent with the hypothesis that the competitiveness of D. bruxellensis is due to a higher affinity for the limiting substrate.
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Modigh, Maja. "Mapping of causes for variation in quality of sugar in chocolate manufacturing." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Teknisk biologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-125234.
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The main purpose of the report is to present possible reasons and solutions for variation in quality of sugar used in confectionery manufacturing, with focus on chocolate manufacturing, at Cloetta Sverige AB in Ljungsbro. The project has its purpose to optimize the quality of both the sugar and manufacturing processes in a long-term perspective, since the variation in quality of the sugar affects, more or less, all manufacturing processes and causes yield losses. Cloetta Ljungsbro uses a pneumatic conveying system to transfer the sugar within the factory and when unloading the sugar from delivery trucks. A various of different analyses were performed in order to study the sugar quality; water content analyses in forms of Karl Fischer titration and particle size distribution analyses with help from sieving. During the sugar sampling time period, an observation of the air pressure used by the road tanker while unloading sugar at Cloetta and the lead time as sugar was delivered was executed. Moreover, data of the dew point in the pneumatic conveying system and, both temperature and humidity in the sugar silos, were collected. As a result, most of the sugar particles breakage occurred somewhere between the delivery road tanker and while in the storage silos. Most likely it is due to the use of high pressure when unloading the sugar that the particle size distribution of the sugar varies, but also causes the temperature to reach a higher temperature than recommended. Furthermore, the water content of the sugar was higher in the beginning of the autumn. Further investigations of the effect of unloading the sugar and storage of sugar should be done, but also analyse the air velocity used within the pneumatic conveying system.
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Costa, Gustavo Henrique Gravatim [UNESP]. "Emprego do extrato de moringa (Moringa oleífera Lamarck) na clarificação do caldo de cana para produção de açúcar." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99636.
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costa_ghg_me_jabo.pdf: 475442 bytes, checksum: 21fc4e1ac12b5b2ffad870703c8a7c68 (MD5)Devido a crescente demanda mundial e rigorosas especificações exigidas pelo mercado para o açúcar, as unidades produtoras investem em inovações e tecnologias de produção, afim de reduzir custos e aprimorar a qualidade deste produto. Entre as possíveis inovações industriais, destaca-se o tratamento do caldo. Tal processo visa remover ao máximo os compostos considerados impurezas para a fabricação de açúcar, como compostos fenólicos, proteínas, sais inorgânicos, aminoácidos, ácidos, entre outros; permanecendo no caldo clarificado apenas sacarose. A remoção de tais elementos é realizada através de reações químicas de produtos adicionados com fosfatos presentes no caldo, os quais formam flocos e precipitam. A fim de aumentar a velocidade de sedimentação, são utilizados polieletrólitos sintéticos, que unem tais compostos, agregando peso e tamanho. Neste contexto, a utilização de produtos originados de plantas para substituição deste insumo, pode trazer benefícios econômicos e ambientais para a unidade de produção, consolidando a marca de sustentabilidade que o setor exige atualmente. Entre tais biomoléculas, destacam-se os extratos de moringa (Moringa oleífera Lam.), a qual é amplamente utilizada para sedimentação de impurezas em água para consumo doméstico. Desta maneira, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os reflexos do emprego de extratos de folhas e sementes de moringa, como auxiliares de sedimentação na clarificação do caldo de cana, na qualidade do caldo clarificado, açúcar VHP produzido e mel resultante. Primeiramente realizou-se o preparo e caracterização dos diferentes extratos, seguido...
Due to growing global demand and stringent specifications required by the market for sugar, the mills invest in innovation and production technologies in order to reduce costs and improve the quality of this product. Possible industrial innovations, highlight the juice treatment. This process aims to remove most of the compounds considered impurities for the manufacture of sugar, such as phenolic compounds, proteins, inorganic salts, amino acids, etc.; remaining in the clarified juice only sucrose. The removal of such components is accomplished via chemical reaction between added products and phosphates present in the juice. This reaction results in flocs that precipitates. In order to increase the speed of sedimentation, synthetic polyelectrolytes are used, such compounds that bind, adding weight and size. In this context, the use of products derived from plants to replace this input, can bring economic and environmental benefits to the production unit, consolidating the brand sustainability of the industry now demands. Among these biomolecules stand out extracts of moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam), which is widely used for sedimentation of impurities in water for domestic consumption. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the consequences of the use of extracts of leaves and seeds of Moringa as aids in sedimentation clarification of sugarcane juice, the quality of the clarified juice, sugar and honey produced resulting VHP. First held preparation and characterization of the different extracts, followed by concentration tests to be applied in... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Costa, Gustavo Henrique Gravatim. "Emprego do extrato de moringa (Moringa oleífera Lamarck) na clarificação do caldo de cana para produção de açúcar /." Jaboticabal, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99636.
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Orientador: Márcia Justino Rossini MuttonBanca: José Paulo Stupiello
Banca: Maria Teresa Mendes Ribeiro Borges
Resumo: Devido a crescente demanda mundial e rigorosas especificações exigidas pelo mercado para o açúcar, as unidades produtoras investem em inovações e tecnologias de produção, afim de reduzir custos e aprimorar a qualidade deste produto. Entre as possíveis inovações industriais, destaca-se o tratamento do caldo. Tal processo visa remover ao máximo os compostos considerados impurezas para a fabricação de açúcar, como compostos fenólicos, proteínas, sais inorgânicos, aminoácidos, ácidos, entre outros; permanecendo no caldo clarificado apenas sacarose. A remoção de tais elementos é realizada através de reações químicas de produtos adicionados com fosfatos presentes no caldo, os quais formam flocos e precipitam. A fim de aumentar a velocidade de sedimentação, são utilizados polieletrólitos sintéticos, que unem tais compostos, agregando peso e tamanho. Neste contexto, a utilização de produtos originados de plantas para substituição deste insumo, pode trazer benefícios econômicos e ambientais para a unidade de produção, consolidando a marca de sustentabilidade que o setor exige atualmente. Entre tais biomoléculas, destacam-se os extratos de moringa (Moringa oleífera Lam.), a qual é amplamente utilizada para sedimentação de impurezas em água para consumo doméstico. Desta maneira, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os reflexos do emprego de extratos de folhas e sementes de moringa, como auxiliares de sedimentação na clarificação do caldo de cana, na qualidade do caldo clarificado, açúcar VHP produzido e mel resultante. Primeiramente realizou-se o preparo e caracterização dos diferentes extratos, seguido... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Due to growing global demand and stringent specifications required by the market for sugar, the mills invest in innovation and production technologies in order to reduce costs and improve the quality of this product. Possible industrial innovations, highlight the juice treatment. This process aims to remove most of the compounds considered impurities for the manufacture of sugar, such as phenolic compounds, proteins, inorganic salts, amino acids, etc.; remaining in the clarified juice only sucrose. The removal of such components is accomplished via chemical reaction between added products and phosphates present in the juice. This reaction results in flocs that precipitates. In order to increase the speed of sedimentation, synthetic polyelectrolytes are used, such compounds that bind, adding weight and size. In this context, the use of products derived from plants to replace this input, can bring economic and environmental benefits to the production unit, consolidating the brand sustainability of the industry now demands. Among these biomolecules stand out extracts of moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam), which is widely used for sedimentation of impurities in water for domestic consumption. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the consequences of the use of extracts of leaves and seeds of Moringa as aids in sedimentation clarification of sugarcane juice, the quality of the clarified juice, sugar and honey produced resulting VHP. First held preparation and characterization of the different extracts, followed by concentration tests to be applied in... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Ahmed, Sharif [Verfasser]. "Improving biogas production by sugar beet silage co-fermentation: an approach for on-demand biogas energy / Sharif Ahmed." Ulm : Universität Ulm, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1150301945/34.
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Morvaridi, Behrooz. "The process of agrarian transition : household enterprise production and reproduction in a sugar beet growing region of Turkey." Thesis, University of Kent, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242903.
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Chegini, Mohammad Ali. "Effect of environment (temperature and photoperiod) on bloting, flowering and seed production in sugar beet) (Beta vulgaris L.)." Thesis, University of Reading, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297788.
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Banerjee, Shantanu. "Determinants of International Competitiveness: A Comparative Study of the Sugar Industry in Australia, Brazil, and the European Union." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2005. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16032/1/Shantanu_Banerjee_Thesis.pdf.
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The dissertation involves an investigation into the circumstances of international competitiveness and how it is pursued by firms from different sugar producing and marketing nations. Understanding of competitiveness has primarily been pursued in terms of economic variables and market conditions. The roles of the government, the socio-cultural-political context in international business, and their effects on competitiveness have largely been ignored. This study integrates perspectives from strategic management, the resource-based view of the firm, and international business to propose a conceptual framework of international competitiveness. The work advances understanding of competitiveness in international business in two ways. First, it develops a conceptual framework that captures the socio-political element of a nation's industry and the crucial role it plays in achieving international competitiveness. Second, it combines firm, industry, strategy, and socio-political influences. Those are involved in a multi-level hierarchical process between firms, industry and the nation that effectively generates competitiveness. The dissertation employs a qualitative method of comparative analysis between Australia, Brazil and the European Union, which are the three dominant sugar producing and exporting economies in the world. A series of propositions are presented on the four identified influences on international competitiveness. How firms from different nations pursue these is highlighted. After considering the varied approaches for attaining international competitiveness, implications for further research and for theory, policy and practice are outlined.
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Banerjee, Shantanu. "Determinants of International Competitiveness: A Comparative Study of the Sugar Industry in Australia, Brazil, and the European Union." Queensland University of Technology, 2005. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16032/.
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The dissertation involves an investigation into the circumstances of international competitiveness and how it is pursued by firms from different sugar producing and marketing nations. Understanding of competitiveness has primarily been pursued in terms of economic variables and market conditions. The roles of the government, the socio-cultural-political context in international business, and their effects on competitiveness have largely been ignored. This study integrates perspectives from strategic management, the resource-based view of the firm, and international business to propose a conceptual framework of international competitiveness. The work advances understanding of competitiveness in international business in two ways. First, it develops a conceptual framework that captures the socio-political element of a nation's industry and the crucial role it plays in achieving international competitiveness. Second, it combines firm, industry, strategy, and socio-political influences. Those are involved in a multi-level hierarchical process between firms, industry and the nation that effectively generates competitiveness. The dissertation employs a qualitative method of comparative analysis between Australia, Brazil and the European Union, which are the three dominant sugar producing and exporting economies in the world. A series of propositions are presented on the four identified influences on international competitiveness. How firms from different nations pursue these is highlighted. After considering the varied approaches for attaining international competitiveness, implications for further research and for theory, policy and practice are outlined.
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Fatahi, Robar. "Sockerproduktionens skilda utveckling i u-länder : En jämförande fallstudie av Moçambique och Tanzania." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Life Sciences, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-3055.
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How affected are the sugar production in Mozambique and Tanzania by EU sugar regime? What does the EU sugar reform constitute in these countries?
Using theories regarding free trade and anti-free trade, I am able to answer these questions. The aim of this paper is to study how the various sugar agreements with EU affect the sugar production in Mozambique and Tanzania. Therefore I am using a method called a most similar system design in this comparative case study. The conclusion is that the EU sugar regime is the main reason to how the sugar productions in developing countries are. This conclusion is drawn since the difference in their developed sugar production is based on the importance of an advantageous sugar agreement. This can be applied to the case in Tanzania, which had a higher sugar export when the country had an advantageous sugar agreement with EU. Now when the trade has been more liberalized with the sugar reform the country does not have the same advantageous agreements with EU and the sugar export has been smaller. Compared to Tanzania Mozambique has had a better development in their sugar production, since their trade agreements with EU is better today than before 2001.
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Napp, Antônio Carlos Tocchetto. "Análise da produção e mercado do setor sucroalcooleiro brasileiro sob a ótica do impacto econômico e ambiental." Universidade do Vale do Rio do Sinos, 2009. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/2768.
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Este trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar as perspectivas da produção do setor sucroalcooleiro no Brasil, que envolve a produção de cana, açúcar e álcool, com destaque a estes dois últimos. O Brasil é atualmente o maior produtor mundial de açúcar e o segundo maior produtor mundial de álcool, atrás apenas dos Estados Unidos, país que realizou investimentos importantes para o aumento da capacidade de produção de etanol a partir do milho nos últimos anos. O país, que tem na produção de cana-de-açúcar uma de suas atividades econômicas mais antigas, tem papel de destaque do ponto de vista de disponibilidade de terras férteis, tecnologia de produção de açúcar e álcool, custos mais baixos para ambos os subprodutos quando comparados a concorrentes feitos a partir de outras matérias-primas e disponibilidade de um grande e crescente mercado interno, especialmente para o álcool carburante. As perspectivas para o mercado externo também são positivas, com cada vez mais países adotando normas rígidas de controle ambiental e d
This study aims to assess the prospects of production of sugar-alcohol sector in Brazil, which involves the production of cane, sugar and alcohol, emphasizing the latter two. Brazil is currently the world's largest producer of sugar and the second largest world producer of alcohol, behind only the United States, which has made major investments to increase its production capacity of ethanol from corn in recent years. The country, which has in the production of sugar cane one of its oldest economic activities, has a prominent role from the availability of fertile land, technology of production of sugar and alcohol, lower costs for both sub–products when compared to competing products made from other raw materials and availability of a large and growing domestic market, especially for alcohol fuel. The outlook for the external market is also positive, with more and more countries adopting strict environmental control standards and emission of gases. However, this market is still highly protected, especially in