Relevant bibliographies by topics / Sugar concentration

Academic literature on the topic 'Sugar concentration'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Sugar concentration"

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Downs, Colleen T. "Sugar Preference and Apparent Sugar Assimilation in the Red Lory." Australian Journal of Zoology 45, no. 6 (1997): 613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo97034.

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The red lory, Eos bornea (family Psittacidae), was tested to determine its preference for hexose sugars or sucrose. The indices of sugar preference used were (a) number of visits to feeders, (b) time spent feeding and (c) volume of solution drunk. The red lory showed no preference for a specific sugar when offered a choice of glucose, fructose and sucrose at a concentration of 0.73 mol L-1. However, when concentration of the sugars was 0.25 mol L-1, the red lory showed no significant preference by the number of visits but it showed a preference for sucrose by increasing the time spent feeding and the volume drunk. The choice made at lower concentrations may reflect preference for the sugar with the highest energy reward. Birds were fed 0.25 mol L-1 sucrose, 0.73 mol L-1 sucrose and 0.73 mol L-1 glucose in separate laboratory trials to determine the concentration of sugar in the excreta. The red lory was efficient at energy extraction, excreting less than 1% sucrose equivalent, irrespective of the initial sugar concentration of each diet.
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Jensen, Kaare H., Jessica A. Savage, and N. Michele Holbrook. "Optimal concentration for sugar transport in plants." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 10, no. 83 (June 6, 2013): 20130055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2013.0055.

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Vascular plants transport energy in the form of sugars from the leaves where they are produced to sites of active growth. The mass flow of sugars through the phloem vascular system is determined by the sap flow rate and the sugar concentration. If the concentration is low, little energy is transferred from source to sink. If it is too high, sap viscosity impedes flow. An interesting question is therefore at which concentration is the sugar flow optimal. Optimization of sugar flow and transport efficiency predicts optimal concentrations of 23.5 per cent (if the pressure differential driving the flow is independent of concentration) and 34.5 per cent (if the pressure is proportional to concentration). Data from more than 50 experiments (41 species) collected from the literature show an average concentration in the range from 18.2 per cent (all species) to 21.1 per cent (active loaders), suggesting that the phloem vasculature is optimized for efficient transport at constant pressure and that active phloem loading may have developed to increase transport efficiency.
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Zhang, Dongxu, Yee Ling Ong, Zhi Li, and Jin Chuan Wu. "Optimization of Two-Step Acid-Catalyzed Hydrolysis of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch for High Sugar Concentration in Hydrolysate." International Journal of Chemical Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/954632.

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Getting high sugar concentrations in lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysate with reasonable yields of sugars is commercially attractive but very challenging. Two-step acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) was conducted to get high sugar concentrations in the hydrolysate. The biphasic kinetic model was used to guide the optimization of the first step dilute acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of EFB. A total sugar concentration of 83.0 g/L with a xylose concentration of 69.5 g/L and a xylose yield of 84.0% was experimentally achieved, which is in well agreement with the model predictions under optimal conditions (3% H2SO4and 1.2% H3PO4, w/v, liquid to solid ratio 3 mL/g, 130°C, and 36 min). To further increase total sugar and xylose concentrations in hydrolysate, a second step hydrolysis was performed by adding fresh EFB to the hydrolysate at 130°C for 30 min, giving a total sugar concentration of 114.4 g/L with a xylose concentration of 93.5 g/L and a xylose yield of 56.5%. To the best of our knowledge, the total sugar and xylose concentrations are the highest among those ever reported for acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of lignocellulose.
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Romaine, Durel J., and Don R. LaBonte. "Relationship between Sugar Content in Raw, Baked, and Microwaved Sweetpotato Roots during Storage." HortScience 30, no. 4 (July 1995): 825D—825. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.825d.

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Seven compositionally diverse sweetpotato lines were examined for changes in individual sugar concentrations at harvest (green), after curing (7 days at 90% RH and 29.5C), and after 4 and 8 weeks of cold storage (16C) to determine the relationship between raw and cooked root sugar composition. Raw root sucrose concentrations at harvest in two dessert types, `L91-80' and `Heart-O-Gold', were at least 22% higher than other dessert types, such as `Beauregard' and `Jewel', and 26% higher than white starchy types (`Rojo Blanca' and `White Star'). The sucrose concentration remained correspondingly higher for these two lines when baked or microwaved. Total sugar concentration was not significantly correlated between raw vs. baked or microwaved roots. The major sugar in most baked and microwaved roots was maltose, accounting for 18% to 93% of the total sugars. `L91-80' behaved differently from other lines during microwaving, where sucrose was the major sugar. The total sugar concentration of `L91-80' and `Heart-O-Gold' were not statistically greater after baking and microwaving for all dates, including the white, starchy types. These results suggest the need to further evaluate the relative importance of individual sugar concentrations on consumer preference.
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Chuang, Ya-Ching, and Yao-Chien Alex Chang. "The Role of Soluble Sugars in Vase Solutions during the Vase Life of Eustoma grandiflorum." HortScience 48, no. 2 (February 2013): 222–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.48.2.222.

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The vase life of Eustoma cut flowers can be extended by adding sugars to the vase solution, but the exact role of sugars and how they are translocated in tissues are not clear. Thus, we observed the preserving effect of different sugars in vase solutions on Eustoma and compared sugar concentrations in vase solutions and in the flowers as well as stems and leaves of cut flowers in a solution containing 200 mg·L−1 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate (8-HQS) with and without 20 g·L−1 sucrose during different flowering stages. Inclusion of glucose, fructose, or sucrose in the vase solution extended the vase life of cut flowers with no significant differences among sugar types. During flower opening, the concentration of added sucrose in the vase solution dropped, and the fresh weight (FW), glucose concentration, and sucrose concentration of flowers in sucrose solutions increased, whereas flowers in solutions without sucrose had lower FW and glucose concentrations. During flower senescence, sugar concentration in the vase solution did not change much, but the FW and sucrose concentrations in all flowers declined, although the FW of sucrose-treated flowers fell more slowly. For stems and leaves in the sucrose solution, sugar concentrations increased during the first 7 days with only glucose slightly declining during senescence, whereas the FW was maintained during the entire vase life. In contrast, FWs of those in the solution without sucrose gradually declined. In conclusion, sucrose in the vase solution promoted flower opening and maintained the water balance of Eustoma cut flowers. Glucose and fructose also extended the vase life, likely in similar ways.
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Bortolussi, G., and C. J. O'Neill. "Variation in molasses composition from eastern Australian sugar mills." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 46, no. 11 (2006): 1455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea04124.

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Variation in the composition of eastern Australian molasses was examined. Data on molasses composition for 1997–2001 were collected from all 28 eastern Australian sugar mills. Since the last detailed study in 1975, there have been decreases in the concentration of reducing sugars (–6.2%), sucrose (–0.9%), total sugars (–2.5%), other organic matter (–11%) and calculated metabolisable energy (ME) (–2.8%). Dry matter (DM, +0.1%) and ash (+29%) concentrations have increased. Differences between milling regions were observed for DM (P<0.001), reducing sugars (P<0.05) and sucrose (P<0.01) concentrations. Molasses DM was highest for the Northern milling region and lowest for the Southern milling region. Reducing sugar concentrations were lower whereas sucrose concentrations were higher in molasses from the Southern milling region than the Northern region. The concentration of reducing sugars, total sugars and calculated ME was significantly (P<0.05) lower in mid-season molasses than early and late season molasses. Mid-season molasses ash concentration was highest (P<0.05). Significant (P<0.05) region × year interactions were found for all molasses components. Significant (P<0.05) region × season interactions were found for reducing sugars, sucrose, total sugars, ash and the calculated ME. Significant (P<0.001) nested effects for mills within a region were found for all molasses components. Mill within-region effects (P<0.001) accounted for much (31–62%) of the total variation for all molasses components. Significant (P<0.01) nested effects for season within year were found for all molasses components. Depending on the molasses component, season within year accounted for 3–19% of variation. Calculated ME in molasses was most correlated with total sugars (r = –0.97; P<0.001) and ash concentration (r = –0.73; P<0.001). Commercial cane sugar (percentage sugar in juice) was negatively (r = –0.43; P<0.001) correlated with calculated molasses ME. Generally, the observed variation in the calculated ME of molasses would only be sufficient to reduce average daily gains by up to 0.05 kg/day in cattle fed diets containing 60% molasses. Compared with the calculated molasses ME of molasses in 1975, a similar reduction in animal performance could be expected with current molasses composition. Such variation in ME also has implications for the use of molasses in the dairy industry and for ethanol production.
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Yttri, K. E., C. Dye, and G. Kiss. "Ambient aerosol concentrations of sugars and sugar-alcohols at four different sites in Norway." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 7, no. 16 (August 20, 2007): 4267–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4267-2007.

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Abstract. Sugars and sugar-alcohols are demonstrated to be important constituents of the ambient aerosol water-soluble organic carbon fraction, and to be tracers for primary biological aerosol particles (PBAP). In the present study, levels of four sugars (fructose, glucose, sucrose, trehalose) and three sugar-alcohols (arabitol, inositol, mannitol) in ambient aerosols have been quantified using a novel HPLC/HRMS-TOF (High Performance Liquid Chromatography in combination with High Resolution Mass Spectrometry – Time of Flight) method to assess the contribution of PBAP to PM>sub>10 and PM2.5. Samples were collected at four sites in Norway at different times of the year in order to reflect the various contributing sources and the spatial and seasonal variation of the selected compounds. Sugars and sugar-alcohols were present at all sites investigated, underlining the ubiquity of these highly polar organic compounds. The highest concentrations were reported for sucrose, reaching a maximum concentration of 320 ng m−3 in PM10 and 55 ng m−3 in PM2.5. The mean concentration of sucrose was up to 10 times higher than fructose, glucose and the dimeric sugar trehalose. The mean concentrations of the sugar-alcohols were typically lower, or equal, to that of the monomeric sugars and trehalose. Peak concentrations of arabitol and mannitol did not exceed 30 ng m−3 in PM10, and for PM2.5 all concentrations were below 6 ng m−3. Sugars and sugar-alcohols were associated primarily with coarse aerosols except during wintertime at the suburban site in Elverum, where a shift towards sub micron aerosols was observed. It is proposed that this shift was due to the intensive use of wood burning for residential heating at this site during winter, confirmed by high concurrent concentrations of levoglucosan. Elevated concentrations of sugars in PM2.5 were observed during spring and early summer at the rural background site Birkenes. It is hypothesized that this was due to ruptured pollen.
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Hale, Teri A., Richard L. Hassell, and Tyron Phillips. "Refractometer Measurements of Soluble Solid Concentration Do Not Reliably Predict Sugar Content in Sweet Corn." HortTechnology 15, no. 3 (January 2005): 668–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.15.3.0668.

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The refractometer has been proposed as a rapid, inexpensive technique for determining sugar levels in fresh sweet corn (Zea mays). High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of sugars in three phenotypes (su, se, and sh2) of sweet corn harvested at three maturities indicated that sucrose content was highly correlated with the total sugars (R = 0.95). Sucrose and total sugar concentration were significantly different among all phenotypes. Soluble solids concentration (SSC) was high in su and se compared to the lower SSC of sh2. Early, mature, and late harvested samples differed in sucrose and total sugar content. Sugar concentration varied within phenotypes at each maturity level. Sh2 indicated no difference in sucrose and total sugars at early and mature harvests, but increased at late harvest. In contrast, sucrose and total sugar content decreased between early and mature harvests, then increased to highest levels at late harvest in se and su phenotypes. Overall, phenotype SSC increased significantly from early to late harvests, probably due to increased water-soluble polysaccharides in the su and se cultivars. Unlike other crops, a negative relationship was found in sweet corn between SSC and sucrose or total sugars, with an overall correlation of –0.51. This relationship was most affected by maturity, especially mature and late harvested sweet corn. Among phenotypes, sucrose, total sugar, and SSC were poorly correlated. Our results indicate that a refractometer should not be used to estimate total sugars or sucrose of sweet corn.
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Kijima, H., K. Nagata, A. Nishiyama, and H. Morita. "Receptor current fluctuation analysis in the labellar sugar receptor of the fleshfly." Journal of General Physiology 91, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): 29–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.91.1.29.

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Fluctuations in the receptor current of the labellar sugar receptor of the fleshfly were analyzed. The receptor current was recorded extracellularly as a drop in potential between the tip and the base of the taste sensillum. After treatment with tetrodotoxin, the taste cells completely lost their impulses but retained their receptor currents, thus facilitating analysis of the receptor current without disturbance by impulses. The current fluctuation increased markedly when the sensillum was stimulated with effective sugars: maltose, sucrose, and fructose. The fluctuation increased in parallel with development of the receptor current, which indicates that it occurs as soon as the sugar reaches the apex of the sensory process. Analysis of fluctuations by computation of autocorrelation functions (ACFs) or power spectra (PS) revealed that: (a) the variance (mean square) of fluctuation vs. sugar concentration curve reached a maximum, in contrast to the monotonic increase shown by the receptor current; (b) the ACF was approximated by an exponential term, and its time constant differed according to the sugars used and their concentrations. The time constants for fructose and maltose decreased with increases in sugar concentration. At the concentrations of sugars evoking the same magnitude of receptor current, the time constant for fructose was the largest and that for maltose was the smallest. It was strongly suggested that transduction ion channels are present at the tip region of the sensory process of the sugar receptor cell and are operated directly by sugars.
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Hill, L. M., and S. Rawsthorne. "Carbon supply for storage-product synthesis in developing seeds of oilseed rape." Biochemical Society Transactions 28, no. 6 (December 1, 2000): 667–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0280667.

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The aim of this work was to find out how the sugars in the endosperm of oilseed rape contribute to the flux of oil synthesis. While the hexose content of the liquid endosperm decreased during development the sucrose content increased. It is important to understand the relative rates of use of the endosperm sugars for two reasons. Firstly we need to know which sugars are used, and at what stages in development, in order to understand the roles of enzymes involved in their metabolism. Secondly, changes in sugar concentration have been implicated in the regulation of expression of genes determining storage-product synthesis [see Weber, Borisjuk and Wobus (1997) Trends Plant Sci. 2, 169–174, for review]. The rate of consumption of sugar is one factor governing its concentration. We present data showing both the concentration-dependence of conversion of sugar to oil, and the in vivo concentrations of sugars; we relate these data sets to each other and discuss the effects of the intracellular pool of sucrose. Glucose, fructose and sucrose are all substrates for oil synthesis, but the rates of their use (particularly sucrose) are underestimated because of dilution by sucrose from the intracellular pool.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sugar concentration"

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Gómez, Millán Gerardo. "Valorization of low concentration sugar side-stream from dissolving pulp production." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672014.

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Among the platform chemicals that can be produced from lignocellulosic biomass, furfural (FUR) constitutes a promising intermediate that can be processed into a variety of advanced end products. In this thesis, the catalytic dehydration of C5-sugars was first developed and optimized using aqueous xylose solutions before the prehydrolysate of birch wood was used as a real substrate. Initially, the use of various metal oxides, such as sulphated zirconium dioxide (SZ) on cordierite and aluminum oxide on cordierite, as catalysts for the conversion of xylose to FUR was investigated and optimized, as they were considered relatively stable under hydrothermal conditions and also exhibit a relatively high proton activity. The maximum FUR yields from xylose were 41 mol% when using SZ on cordierite after 2 min at 210 °C, 43 mol% when using alumina on cordierite for 30 min at 210 °C and 48 mol% using autocatalysis for 60 min at 210 °C. After five reusability cycles with SZ on cordierite, this catalyst can be regenerated with similar performance and FUR yield in the 6th cycle. In addition to heterogeneously catalyzed xylose dehydration into FUR in a monophasic, aqueous system, FUR formation in a biphasic system under auto-catalyzed conditions was also investigated. With water-immiscible organic solvents such as isophorone, cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME), 2-methyltetrahydrofuran and 2-sec-butylphenol (SBP) FUR was immediately extracted from the aqueous phase to avoid degradation as far as possible. The maximum FUR yields reached from xylose were 48 mol% when using isophorone, 78 mol% when using CPME and 59% when employing SBP. The use of birch prehydrolysate as a source of C5-sugars led to a yield of 68% furfural and 0.01 mmol of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural at 190 °C when using CPME. When using SBP as organic solvent, a furfural yield of 54% was reached at 190 °C under optimized conditions. In the second phase of the dissertation, Starbon®, a carbonaceous sulfonated acid catalyst, was used in a two-phase system to produce furfural from xylose. A maximum furfural yield and selectivity of 70 mol% was achieved at complete xylose conversion under optimum experimental conditions. This work suggests that functionalized Starbon® can be used as solid acid catalyst for the conversion of C5-sugars into FUR that has significant hydrothermal stability and can be reused for several cycles. Finally, a techno-economic analysis was completed for a furfural plant with a production capacity of 5 kt/a with a minimum selling price to be 1.33 EUR/kg. This value is comparable to similar studies in the field.
La biomasa lignocelulósica representa un sustituto renovable de los materiales fósiles para la producción de combustibles y otros productos químicos. Las hemicelulosas en la biomasa lignocelulósica representan una materia prima atractiva para la producción de plataformas versátiles para un amplio rango de aplicaciones. Debido a su alto contenido en xilosa y su bajo contenido en lignina y otros carbohidratos que son productos de la degradación, el prehidrolizado de la madera es la fuente más prometedora de pentosas. En el proceso Kraft, el prehidrolizado genera durante la producción de pulpa para disolver. En la actualidad, los volúmenes de pulpa para tratar aumentan en promedio más de 5% cada año, y el prehidrolizado se considera una fuente sostenible de pentosas. Entre los productos químicos que pueden ser producidos a partir de estos materiales de origen biológico, el furfural (FUR) constituye un producto de interés que puede ser transformado en una gran variedad de productos finales avanzados. En esta tesis doctoral, la deshidratación catalítica de pentosas se desarrolló y optimizó utilizando disoluciones acuosas de xilosa antes que el prehidrolizado de madera de abedul fuera utilizado corno sustrato real. Inicialmente, se utilizaron varios óxidos metálicos, corno dióxido de zirconio sulfatado (SZ) sobre cordierita y óxido de aluminio sobre cordierita, como catalizadores para la conversión de xilosa a FUR, los cuales fueron relativamente estables bajo condiciones hidroterrnales. Las producciones de FUR a partir de xilosa fueron 41 mol% cuando se utilizó SZ sobre cordierita después de 2 rnin a 21 O ºC y 43 mol% cuando se utilizó alurnina sobre cordierita por 30 rnin a 21 O ºC, mientras que el sistema autocatalizado produjo 48 mol% después de 60 rnin a 21 O ºC. El catalizador SZ sobre cordierita puede ser regenerado con rendimiento y producción de FUR similares. Adicionalmente a la deshidratación catalítica heterogénea de xilosa a FUR en un sistema monofásico acuoso, la formación de FUR en un sistema bifásico bajo condiciones autocatalizadas también fue investigado. Con la adición de disolventes inmiscibles en agua como isoforona, ciclopentll metil eter (CPME), 2-metiltetrahidrofurano (2-MTHF) y 2-sec-butilfenol (SBP), el FUR extrae desde la fase acuosa y así se evita su degradación. La producción máxima de FUR alcanzada de xilosa fue 48 mol% cuando se utilizó isoforona, 78 mol% cuando se utilizó CPME y 59% con SBP. El uso de prehidrolizado de abedul como fuente de pentosas condujo a una producción de 68% de FUR y 0.01 mmol de 5- hidroximetilfurfural a 190 ºC cuando se empleó CPME. Cuando se utilizó SBP como disolvente orgánico, se alcanzó una producción de furfural del 54% a 190 ºC. En la segunda parte de esta tésis doctoral, se utilizó Starbon®, un catalizador ácido sulfonado de naturaleza carbonosa, en un sistema bifásico para producir furfural a partir de xilosa. Se alcanzó una producción máxima de furfural y una selectividad de 70 mol% con una conversión completa de xilosa. Se concluye, por tanto, que el Starbon® funcionalizado puede ser utilizado corno catalizador ácido sólido para la conversión de pentosas a furfural puesto que, además, tiene una estabilidad hidrotermal elevada y puede ser reutilizado por varios ciclos.
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Chanis, Morales Carolina Michelle. "Strategies to increase the sugar concentration and overall sugar recovery from steam pretreated wheat straw and corn stover." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/43591.

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Wheat straw is available in western Canada and it is a potential feedstock for bio-ethanol production as it can be effectively fractionated into simple sugars using acid catalyzed, steam pretreatment followed by enzymatic hydrolysis. Steam pretreatment is usually a compromise whereby conditions that facilitate effective enzymatic hydrolysis at low enzyme loadings usually sacrifice the recovery of the hemicellulose component. Previous work that tried to optimize the pretreatment to maximize hemicellulose recovery was usually done at the expense of using unacceptably high enzyme loadings to hydrolyze the cellulosic fraction. The goal in this thesis was to determine the highest possible amount of sugar that could be solubilized after both pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis while using low enzyme loadings and high solids concentration. It was anticipated that the optimum conditions for maximizing the total soluble sugar yield would still result in the degradation of a portion of the hemicellulose. The biomass handling conditions were first investigated to identify the best possible conditions to maximize sugar recovery. An optimized moisture content combined with the explosive decompression resulted in the highest xylose recovery. It was also found that H₂SO₄ could be used at a loading of 1.5% w/w to produce a substrate with similar chemical composition, sugar recovery and ease of enzymatic hydrolysis to what was obtained when using 3% SO₂ as the catalyst. The pretreatment conditions were then varied to determine the effect of pretreatment severity on the recovery of total soluble sugars. The highest soluble sugar yield of 75% was obtained after pretreatment at 190°C, 8 min and 1.5% H₂SO₄. This is among the highest sugar yields that have been reported and comparable to those reported when using a three-fold higher enzyme loading. However, at these conditions only 52% of the original xylan was recovered. A less severely treated substrate with 70% xylan recovery achieved a total soluble sugar yield of 72% when the “cellulase mixture” was supplemented with xylanases. Thus, pretreatments at lower severities followed by enzymatic hydrolysis using a “cellulase mixture” with xylanase supplementation may be an effective approach to improve the total soluble sugar yield when processing wheat straw.
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Wu, Min. "Effect of Nutrient Solution Electrical Conductivity Levels on Lycopene Concentration, Sugar Composition and Concentration of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195203.

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Tomato is an important commodity in fresh vegetable market. Recently, there is great interest for North American hydroponic growers to improve the fruit quality by introducing better cultivation methods. Manipulation of electrical conductivity (EC) of nutrient solution is a well-known technique to increase sugar concentrations of tomato; however, the potential risk of lower yield is the drawback of introducing this technique. Therefore to find a range of EC that can enhance the fruit quality while maintaining overall yield was the goal of this research. For this purpose, plant physiological responses such as transpirational and photosynthetic characteristics and fruit quality attributes including sugars and lycopene were investigated for selected cultivars under different EC. Regardless of cultivar, tomato plants showed a greater net photosynthetic rate at the reproductive growth stage compared to the vegetative growth stage. An increase of EC of influx nutrient solution up to 4.8 dS m-1 did not reduce the leaf photosynthesis, which supported a hypothesis that there is an optimum EC range for enhancing fruit quality without significant yield loss. A following experiment showed that the tomato fruit quality could be significantly enhanced when plants were grown under around 4.5 dS m-1 EC, in terms of total soluble solids (TSS) and lycopene concentration with no significant yield loss. Last experiment was conducted to quantitatively understand the accumulation of lycopene and sugars in fruits as affected by EC and its application timing relative to the fruit ripeness stages. High EC treatment of 4.5 dS m-1, regardless of its application timing, enhanced TSS and sugar concentration in the juice and lycopene concentrations of the fruit. However, the delayed high EC treatment (application of high EC after 4 weeks of anthesis) showed less enhancement for TSS and sugar concentration. Lycopene concentration of the fruit in the delayed EC treatment reached the same level as that in the standard high EC treatment (application since anthesis), which suggests that enhanced lycopene development under high EC is more related to an abiotic stress response during the fruit maturation, rather than fruit mass balance altered by the limited water flux to the fruit.
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Miriyala, Ashwin Kumar. "Bee gustatory neurons encode sugar concentration as a coherent temporal pattern of spiking." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3882.

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Individual peripheral gustatory neurons in insects encode stimulus category (e.g. sweet, bitter) and concentration as a tonic rate of spiking that adapts with prolonged stimulation. While individual chemosensory neurons have been shown to interact through mutual inhibition, this interaction does not affect stimulus coding by the activated neuron. Here, I report the first evidence of a coherent, temporal pattern of spiking produced by the interaction of the gustatory receptor neurons (GRNs) within sensilla present on the mouthparts of bumblebees (Bombus terrestris) that encodes information about sugar concentration. Stimulation of gustatory sensilla with sucrose concentrations >10 mM elicited bursts of spikes riding on an oscillation in voltage of ~20 Hz. The concentration response function of spiking and bursting was sugar-identity specific, and only concentrations that produced bursting in the GRNs elicited the bee’s feeding reflex. Bursting bee GRNs exhibited a low rate of adaptation (0.002 s adaptation after 1 s of stimulation) compared to rates measured from other insect species’ GRNs. These data are the first to show that primary chemosensory neurons encode stimulus features such as concentration as a coherent temporal pattern of spiking produced as an interaction between two neurons. I propose that 1) the silent period between bursts is driven by the spike after-hyperpolarization of one neuron, which inhibits spiking of its neighboring neuron through an inhibitory lateral interaction, and 2) bursting is a novel mechanism evolved to allow persistent high frequency spiking during fluid consumption. Finally, I show that neural activity can be monitored from the bee’s central nervous system, which allows future experiments to question the function of this coherent and structured GRN activity in driving post-synaptic responses.
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Green, Eric C. Jean B. Randall. "Design of a microwave sensor for non-invasive determination of blood-glucose concentration." Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/3000.

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Arnold, Paige Marie. "Variation in nectar composition: The influence of nectar quality on Monarch success." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1467568732.

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Warczok, Justyna. "Concentration of Osmotic Dehydration Solutions using Membrane Separation Processes." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/8534.

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El procesado de alimentos conlleva, en mayoría de los casos, la generación de subproductos o residuos que pueden ser reutilizados o revalorizados mediante la utilización de técnicas de separación por membrana. Estas técnicas ofrecen la posibilidad de tratar las soluciones en condiciones de operación muy suaves, y no comportan en mayoría de las ocasiones, una alteración de los componentes a recuperar. Actualmente, las técnicas de separación por membrana, debido a su alta calidad y relativamente bajos costes, se encuentran completamente integradas en la mayoría de procesos productivos que requieren de una etapa de separación. Sin embargo, la investigación en el área de las técnicas de separación por membrana sigue abriendo nuevos campos de aplicación, que surgen con la mejora de las condiciones tecnológicas de los equipos y la posibilidad de obtener nuevas membranas adaptables a necesidades específicas.

En concreto, en este proyecto se utilizaron técnicas de separación por membranas para concentrar soluciones de azúcar procedentes de deshidratación osmótica (en adelante OD). El principal objetivo fue estudiar el potencial de varias técnicas de separación, haciendo hincapié en los flujos obtenidos durante la reconcentración y en la calidad de la solución reconcentrada.

La deshidratación osmótica es un tratamiento que permite una eliminación parcial del agua en un alimento y/o la incorporación de solutos de una manera controlada, respetando la calidad inicial del producto. El proceso consiste en introducir los alimentos en una solución hipertónica, controlando las condiciones de operación para favorecer, en mayor o menor grado la incorporación de solutos y la deshidratación del alimento. La aplicación de OD puede resultar en la mejora de las propiedades nutricionales y funcionales de los alimentos y en la reducción de la energía requerida para la deshidratación. El principal problema de la aplicación industrial de la OD radica en la gestión de la solución procedente del proceso. La reutilización de esta solución plantea una doble ventaja: primero desde el punto de vista ambiental, ya que se elimina un efluente del proceso que a menudo no puede ser vertido directamente, y segundo el ahorro económico que representa la recuperación de las materias primas que muchas veces contienen solutos de importante valor económico.

Los métodos de separación por membrana utilizados para recuperar las soluciones de OD fueron los siguientes: nanofiltración, osmosis directa y destilación osmótica por membranas. La nanofiltración (NF) presenta altos niveles de retención y un menor gasto de energía que la osmosis inversa, y en la industria azucarera se aplica como uno de los pasos en la clarificación y concentración de jarabes. En los procesos de contactores de membranas: osmosis directa (DO) y destilación osmótica por membranas (OMD), a diferencia de los procesos basados en el tamizaje, el flujo depende solamente de la diferencia de potencial osmótico. Las únicas presiones hidráulicas requeridas son las necesarias para bombear la solución de azúcar y la solución osmótica hasta la superficie de la membrana. Estas características hacen que estos procesos presenten como muy prometedores para la reconcentración de soluciones de azúcar de concentraciones elevadas.

Los experimentos de filtración se llevaron a cabo utilizando plantas piloto diseñadas y construidas expresamente para el presente proyecto. Durante todos los procesos de separación por membranas, se empleó como solución modelo una solución de sacarosa a diferentes concentraciones (5-60 ºBrix), debido a que las soluciones aplicadas en la deshidratación osmótica de frutas son habitualmente soluciones de azucares (sacarosa, glucosa o jarabes).

Durante los experimentos de NF se evaluó el funcionamiento de las membranas planas: Desal5 DK (GE- Osmonics), MPF-34 (Koch Membrane), NFT-50 (DSS) y tubulares: MPT-34 (Koch Membrane) y AFC 80 (PCIMembranes). Además de la solución de azúcar de diferentes concentraciones (5-20 ºBrix), se concentraron zumos de pera y manzana.


La reconcentración mediante osmosis directa se realizó utilizando dos modos de operación: off-site e on-site. En el modo off-site, la reconcentración por ósmosis directa se llevó a cabo en una planta de filtración provista de un módulo plano o tubular, dependiendo de la membrana. En el módulo se llevó a cabo la concentración. En el modo on-site, la deshidratación se realizaba conjuntamente con la reconcentración de la solución osmótica. La solución de reconcentración de la osmosis directa en off-site (offsiteDO) fue NaCl, mientras la solución de reconcentración de la osmosis directa on-site (on-site DO) fue una solución de sacarosa más concentrada que la solución osmótica (60 para una solución osmótica de 40 y 68 para una solución de 50 ºBrix). Para garantizar el flujo de agua entre las dos soluciones y altas retenciones de azúcar durante la off-site DO, se utilizaron membranas de NF planas (Desal5-DK y MPF-34) y tubulares (MPT-34 y AFC80). La reconcentración por osmosis directa on-site se levó a cabo empleando una membrana de microfiltración (Durapore, Millipore), ya que la solución de reconcentración (SS) es la misma que la solución osmótica y la alta viscosidad de la SS restringe mucho el flujo de agua si se utiliza una membrana más densa.

En la deshidratación por membranas (OMD) se utilizaron membranas hidrófobas (11806, Sartorius) que presentan una retención teórica del 100 %. Se comparó el rendimiento de dos soluciones de reconcentración: NaCl y CaCl2.

Con el fin de obtener información referente a la influencia de las propiedades de las membranas sobre el desarrollo del proceso de concentración de las soluciones procedentes de la deshidratación osmótica, se realizó un estudio detallado de las propiedades de las membranas aplicadas mediante AFM, SEM, FTIR, ángulo de contacto y medidas de potencial zeta. Con la finalidad de generar soluciones osmóticas para someterlas a reconcentración, y también para disponer de productos procedentes de deshidratación osmótica con soluciones frescas que pudieran compararse con aquellas procedentes de OD con solución reconcentrada, se deshidrataron diferentes lotes de manzana (Granny Smith) con soluciones de sacarosa de 40, 50 y 60 ºBrix. Estas pruebas permitieron determinar también el tímelo de operación para una máxima pérdida de agua con relativamente poca impregnación de las manzanas. Después de cada experimento se analizaron los siguientes parámetros: concentración de azúcar, pH, absorbancia a 420 nm de las soluciones y humedad de las manzanas.

La nanofiltración, aplicada en la primera fase del presente estudio, resultó ser viable solamente para la reconcentración de soluciones de concentraciones hasta 24 ºBrix. El aumento de la temperatura de 25 hasta 35 ºC para las dos membranas tubulares ocasionó un incremento del flujo de permeado, y el mismo efecto tuvo el aumento de presión transmembranaria de 8 a 12 bar.

Se comprobó que el factor más importante para la eficacia del proceso es disponer de una membrana que combine altos flujos y retenciones durante el proceso. La deposición de las partículas de sacarosa y/o los zumos se caracterizó mediante SEM y la topología de la capa filtrante de la membrana se identificó usando AFM. La topología de la capa filtrante de las membranas era diferente para cada una de ellas, a pesar de que todas estaban preparadas con el mismo material (poliamida). En las imágenes de los cortes transversales de las membranas realizados con SEM, se observaron los cambios en la estructura de las membranas producidos por la aplicación de presión durante los experimentos y las altas temperaturas empleadas durante su acondicionamiento. Gracias a las imágenes de SEM se pudo verificar también la eficacia del proceso de acondicionamiento de membranas.

A diferencia de NF, tanto la ósmosis directa como la destilación osmótica por membrana permiten la reconcentración de soluciones concentradas de sacarosa (hasta60 ºBrix). La eficacia de estas dos últimas técnicas se evaluó en unción de los flujos de agua obtenidos.

El sistema de ósmosis directa on-site propuesto para la reconcentración de las soluciones de OD permitió reutilizar las soluciones osmóticas como mínimo cuatro veces. Para la solución osmótica de 40 ºBrix la humedad de las manzanas fue similar utilizando solución fresca o reconcentrada. En cambio, una solución osmótica de 50 ºBrix, la pérdida de agua de las manzanas fue mayor cuando la deshidratación osmótica se llevó a cabo con reconcentración on-site de la solución osmótica. Los análisis de concentración de azúcar de las soluciones osmóticas y de la solución de reconcentración indican que la membrana elegida para los experimentos facilita el transporte óptimo de solutos y agua entre las dos soluciones. Además, el sistema de reconcentración por membrana propuesto es muy sencillo y de bajo coste porque no requiere presurización.

La osmosis directa en off-site proporcionó flujos mucho mayores que los obtenidos con el sistema on-site (1.3 kg/m2h para la solución osmótica de 50 ºBrix respecto a 0.0023 kg/m2h durante on-site DO para la misma solución). Sin embargo, el transporte de solutos de la solución de reconcentración hacía la solución osmótica puede ser considerado un obstáculo para su aplicación a escala industrial.

Los flujos de agua más elevados fueron obtenidos utilizando la OMD (2.01 kg/m2h para la solución osmótica de 50 ºBrix y con CaCl2 con la solución de reconcentración). Otra gran ventaja de este proceso es la retención de solutos que proporciona, hecho confirmado por los análisis realizados.

El estudio sobre el transporte durante los procesos de contactores de membranas indicó que la viscosidad es la propiedad limitante para la solución osmótica y la actividad de agua/alta presión osmótica como la propiedad más importante a la hora de elegir una solución de reconcentración. Para todos los procesos de separación aplicados, el aumento de la concentración de azúcar de la solución osmótica comporta una disminución notable del flujo de agua.

El desarrollo de un posible proceso de deshidratación osmótica con una etapa de reconcentración de la solución osmótica mediante procesos con contactores de membrana ha permitido calcular el área requerida para realizar la reconcentración: 3.6,9.7, 1608 m2 para OMD, off-site DO e on-site DO, respectivamente.

Las conclusiones del trabajo confirman la posibilidad de utilizar procesos por membrana para realizar la reconcentración de soluciones osmóticas. No obstante se ha constatado que técnicas más tradicionales basadas en diferencias de presión (NF) no son
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Hopkinson, Jonathan M. "Glass transition, ice and the concentration of the maximally freeze concentrated solution the thermal behavior of sugar solutions /." Ann Arbor, MI : UMI, 1997. http://www.ethbib.ethz.ch/readme/ethz-etext.html.

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Kohler, Angela. "Food quality, fasting periods and temperature stress : effects of energy challenges on the feeding patterns of avian nectarivores." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28655.

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The small size of nectarivorous birds is associated with high mass-specific metabolic rates and energetic lifestyles. Their energy balance is likely to be strongly influenced by environmental factors. Firstly, nectar varies in sugar concentration between different food plants and birds must adjust their consumption to maintain a constant energy intake. Secondly, unfavourable weather conditions, such as storms and heavy rains, may prevent birds from feeding, and they must increase their energy intake to compensate for the loss in foraging time. Low ambient temperature, as a third energetic challenge, results in higher energy demands for thermoregulation, which leads to increased food intake. However, these compensatory feeding responses may be constrained by physiological limitations to nectar ingestion, digestion and osmoregulatory processes. My research focused on the behavioural and physiological responses of captive sunbirds (Nectariniidae) and honeyeaters (Meliphagidae) to energetic challenges, namely variations in nectar quality and availability and in ambient temperature. For sunbirds, I also investigated on a novel short-term scale how feeding patterns are adjusted in order to compensate for alterations in energy intake or requirements. Feeding events were recorded using a photodetection system, and body mass was monitored continuously by connecting the perches to electronic balances, interfaced to a computer. Whitebellied sunbirds (Cinnyris talatala) were fed various nectar sugar concentrations. Their feeding durations were found to provide an estimate of meal size on all food concentrations. When exposed to a decrease in sugar concentration, birds generally demonstrated an increased feeding frequency and food intake within 10 min. The number and duration of meals increased in the first few minutes after return of a more concentrated diet. When whitebellied sunbirds and brown honeyeaters (Lichmera indistincta) were exposed to a 2 h fasting period during the day, they increased their nectar intake and energy accumulation after the fast. Sunbirds achieved this by increasing meal size but not meal frequency. However, both species weighed less in the evening following the fast than the previous evening, indicating that the compensation for lost foraging time was incomplete. During acute cold exposure, whitebellied sunbirds, amethyst sunbirds (Chalcomitra amethystina) and brown honeyeaters increased their nectar intake, but lost body mass irrespective of nectar sugar concentration. Honeyeaters ingested more food at subsequent cold exposure, suggesting physiological adaptation to high feeding rates. A chemical reactor model of digestive capacity, which assumes sucrose hydrolysis to be the limiting step in nectar digestion, accurately predicted maximal food intake in honeyeaters, but mostly underestimated it in sunbirds. Sugar assimilation efficiency was higher than 99% in whitebellied sunbirds and brown honeyeaters. Lastly, licking frequencies and tongue loads of whitebellied and amethyst sunbirds were investigated. In both species, tongue lick duration increased, and licking frequency and consumption per lick decreased, with increasing nectar concentration. Birds did not adjust their licking behaviour after a fasting period. In conclusion, the response to varied energy challenges is shaped by both compensatory feeding and physiological constraints. Although unrelated, sunbirds and honeyeaters showed convergence in their responses, probably due to their similar nectarfeeding lifestyle.
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2009.
Zoology and Entomology
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Costanzo, Nadine. "The effects of stress on biomass, soluble sugar concentrations and VA mycorrhizal colonization in sugar maple seedlings (Acer saccharum Marsh.)." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ43632.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Sugar concentration"

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Garrett, Peter W. Ray tissues as an indirect measure of relative sap-sugar concentration in sugar maple. Broomall, PA (370 Reed Road, Broomall, PA 19008): U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, 1989.

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Garrett, Peter W. Ray tissues as an indirect measure of relative sap-sugar concentration in sugar maple. Broomall, PA (370 Reed Road, Broomall, PA 19008): U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, 1989.

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Garrett, Peter W. Ray tissues as an indirect measure of relative sap-sugar concentration in sugar maple. Broomall, PA (370 Reed Road, Broomall, PA 19008): U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, 1989.

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Martin, N. E. Soluble sugar concentrations in needles and bark of western white pine in response to season and blister rust. Ogden, UT: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, 1987.

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Martin, N. E. Soluble sugar concentrations in needles and bark of western white pine in response to season and blister rust. Ogden, UT: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, 1987.

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Martin, N. E. Soluble sugar concentrations in needles and bark of western white pine in response to season and blister rust. [Ogden, Utah]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1987.

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Of a Comb, a Prayer Book, Sugar Cubes, & Lice: Survivor of Six Concentration Camps. ComteQ Publishing, 2006.

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Dalbeth, Nicola. Epidemiology. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198748311.003.0003.

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The aetiopathogenesis of gout is initiated by urate overproduction and uric acid under-excretion, leading to hyperuricaemia. Foods such as seafood, red meat, beer, and sugar-sweetened beverages contribute to overproduction. Under-excretion is mediated by renal and gut uric acid transporters such as SLC2A9, ABCG2, and URAT1. In hyperurcaemia, there is formation of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in joints, with acute gouty arthritis mediated by the innate immune system occurring in response to these crystals. Factors such as urate concentration, proteins present in synovial fluid, temperature, and pH control crystal nucleation and growth. Activation of the inflammasome by MSU crystals and production of interleukin-1ß‎ is central to acute gouty arthritis. Advanced gout occurs when there is persistent gouty arthritis and tophus with the tophus being an organized immune tissue response to MSU crystals that involves both innate and adaptive immune cells. Progression through the gout checkpoints (hyperuricaemia, MSU crystal formation, and immune response) is governed by inherited genetic variants, lifetime environmental exposures, and their interaction.
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Schwartz, Stuart B. The Historiography of Early Modern Brazil. Edited by Jose C. Moya. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195166217.013.0004.

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Scholarship on the early modern era in Brazil has been booming since the 1980s. This trend has been influenced theoretically by developments in the social sciences and by the cultural turn in history, by new information technologies of digitalization and the Internet, and by a series of centenaries that have generated institutional support for publications, conferences, and research. This article identifies a number of major themes and questions that have organized much of this historical production, notes the major writings that have moved the field in new directions, and discusses the shifts in emphasis in historical inquiry by concentrating on some of the works that have been seminal in the study of colonial Brazil. Five themes or trends are highlighted: the social history of the major groups within the colony (merchants, cane farmers and sugar barons, slaves, and the free population of color); a complementary cultural approach that has added attention to issues such as private life, public rituals, and subaltern agency; Afro-Brazilian life and culture; a surprisingly rich literature on the indigenous population; and studies of colonial governance.
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Beinart, William, and Lotte Hughes. Environment and Empire. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199260317.001.0001.

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European imperialism was extraordinarily far-reaching: a key global historical process of the last 500 years. It locked disparate human societies together over a wider area than any previous imperial expansion; it underpinned the repopulation of the Americas and Australasia; it was the precursor of globalization as we now understand it. Imperialism was inseparable from the history of global environmental change. Metropolitan countries sought raw materials of all kinds, from timber and furs to rubber and oil. They established sugar plantations that transformed island ecologies. Settlers introduced new methods of farming and displaced indigenous peoples. Colonial cities, many of which became great conurbations, fundamentally changed relationships between people and nature. Consumer cultures, the internal combustion engine, and pollution are now ubiquitous. Environmental history deals with the reciprocal interaction between people and other elements in the natural world, and this book illustrates the diverse environmental themes in the history of empire. Initially concentrating on the material factors that shaped empire and environmental change, Environment and Empire discusses the way in which British consumers and manufacturers sucked in resources that were gathered, hunted, fished, mined, and farmed. Yet it is also clear that British settler and colonial states sought to regulate the use of natural resources as well as commodify them. Conservation aimed to preserve resources by exclusion, as in wildlife parks and forests, and to guarantee efficient use of soil and water. Exploring these linked themes of exploitation and conservation, this study concludes with a focus on political reassertions by colonised peoples over natural resources. In a post-imperial age, they have found a new voice, reformulating ideas about nature, landscape, and heritage and challenging, at a local and global level, views of who has the right to regulate nature.
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Book chapters on the topic "Sugar concentration"

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Myréen, Klas. "In-Line Process Refractometer for Concentration Measurement in Sugar Crystallizers." In Industrial Crystallization Process Monitoring and Control, 71–79. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527645206.ch8.

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Hikasa, Yuji. "Diagnostic technique for nitrogen nutrition of cabbage to increase sugar concentration." In Plant Nutrition for Sustainable Food Production and Environment, 369–70. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0047-9_111.

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Arakawa, T., and S. N. Timasheff. "The Interactions of Proteins with Salts, Amino Acids, and Sugars at High Concentration." In Advances in Comparative and Environmental Physiology, 226–45. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76226-0_8.

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Ryll, Thomas, Volker Jäger, and Roland Wagner. "Variation in the Ratios and Concentrations of Nucleotide Triphosphates and Udp-Sugars During a Perfused Batch Cultivation of Hybridoma Cells." In Animal Cell Culture and Production of Biologicals, 307–17. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3550-4_36.

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Pantano, G., M. B. Campanha, A. B. Moreira, and M. C. Bisinoti. "The Role of Sediment Humic Substances in Cu and Cr Concentrations in the Pore Water of a Typical Area of Cultivation of Sugar Cane in São Paulo, Brazil." In Functions of Natural Organic Matter in Changing Environment, 627–31. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5634-2_113.

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Kotyza, Pavel, Andrzej Hornowski, Karolina Pawlak, and Luboš Smutka. "CZECH AND POLISH SUGAR INDUSTRY – CONCENTRATION OF SUGAR PRODUCTION." In Economic Sciences for Agribusiness and Rural Economy, 136–43. Warsaw University of Life Sciences Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/esare.2018.2.17.

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Ogbonna, Grace, Rosemary Ehigbo, and Ogbonna Hannah. "Impact of Sugar on Vision." In Sugar Intake - Risks and Benefits and the Global Diabetes Epidemic. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96325.

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Sugar forms an integral part of the human body, and contributes to normal body function. However, sugar in high quantities can be detrimental to the body especially to the eye. In the normal concentration, sugar in the form of glucose is found in the aqueous humour, and tears, and serves to provide nourishment to the avascular cornea, and lens respectively. Sugar at this stage may also be used to determine the post mortem interval of a cadaver. However, when in excess as may be seen in patients with diabetes, sugar can cause oxidative stress to the cornea, lens, and retina resulting in cornea oedema, cataract, retinal aneurysm which can contribute significantly to the prevalence of low vision, and vision impairment.
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Sunaryo, Yacobus, Maria Theresia Darini, Vita Ratri Cahyani, and Djoko Purnomo. "Potential Liquid Fertilizer Made from Goat Feces to Improve Vegetable Product." In Goat Science - Environment, Health and Economy [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99047.

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This study was carried out to examine the production of liquid fertilizer made from goat feces (LFGF) as well as the potency of LFGF for increasing plant growth and yield of vegetables. The study was conducted through 3 studies. The first study was begun with compiling a formulation for LFGF. The selected-raw-material was goat feces added with sugar and ZA, as well as EM (Lactobacillus sp., Actinomycetes sp., Streptomyces sp. and Yeast). The experimental results indicated that an increase in the concentration of ZA resulted in an increase in the total N and S content, as well as an increase EC of LFGF. Increased sugar concentration results in a decrease in pH and an increase in lactic acid content, whereas an increase in ZA decreases the formation of acetic acid. The use of sugar 25 g L−1 water and ZA 50 g L−1 water could produce the best quality of LFGF. The second study was to examine the selected LFGF combined with AB-Mix nutrient solution on the growth and yield of three types of leaf vegetables which were cultivated hydroponically. The results indicated that LFGF can potentially replace AB-Mix fertilizer by up to 50% in hydroponic vegetable cultivation. The third study was to examine the selected LFGF as nutrients availability of mustard that was cultivated in pots, given through planting media with a concentration of 1:40 L−1 water (EC 2300 μS cm−1). It shows that LFGF has the potential to increase the growth and yield of mustard plants in pots.
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Sworn, Graham, and Corinne Johnson. "Effect of sugar concentration on the properties of gellan gum gels." In Gums and Stabilisers for the Food Industry 10, 285–91. Elsevier, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/9781845698355.4.285.

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Willmer, Pat. "Rewards 2: The Biology of Nectar." In Pollination and Floral Ecology. Princeton University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691128610.003.0008.

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This chapter examines the biology of nectar, the main secondary floral reward in an evolutionary sense. As a commodity, nectar is easy for plants to produce and easy for animals to handle; its sugars are simple to metabolize and thus to use as a readily available fuel for an animal’s activities. Nectar is a crucial factor in determining the interactions of flowers and their visitors. The chapter first provides an overview of how floral nectar is produced in a nectary before discussing nectar secretion, the chemical composition of nectar, and nectar volume. It then considers nectar concentration and viscosity, nectar as a sugar and energy reward, and nectar as a water reward. It also explores daily, seasonal, and phylogenetic patterns of nectar production, how flowers control their nectar and their pollinators, and problems in measuring and quantifying nectar. The chapter concludes with an analysis of the costs of nectar gathering.
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Conference papers on the topic "Sugar concentration"

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Chiang, Cheng-Ta, Lu-Shen Shie, and Bin-Hong Wang. "A Wide-Range Sugar Concentration to Duty Cycle Converter with Scaling Circuits for Detecting Sugar Concentration Applications." In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation (ICMA). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icma.2019.8816237.

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SMUTKA, Ľuboš, Helena ŘEZBOVÁ, and Patrik ROVNÝ. "EUROPEAN UNION´S SUGAR MARKET CONCENTRATION UNDER THE SUGAR QUOTA PRODUCTION SYSTEM." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.110.

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The European sugar beet quota system is in very high dynamic process in recent years. The number of sugar companies involved in this system has been constantly decreasing. The aim of this paper is to define subjects (companies/alliances), which possess the current production capacities working under the production quotas system. The paper is determining especially the level of beet sugar production quota holder system concentration using the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index. The paper provides the following findings. The European quota holder system is extremely concentrated and it is becoming more and more dominated by fewer players. Sugar quota is distributed among 19 EU-Member States. In this regard, the quota is generous, especially in relation to France, Germany, Poland and United Kingdom. In Finland, Lithuania, Hungary, Sweden, Denmark, the Netherlands, Slovakia and the United Kingdom controlled by two or even one subject (companies, alliances). There is a large discrepancy between political efforts to distribute equitable R 1308/2013-sugar quotas among states and the actual reality of those distributions. While the EU-quota holder system does not indicate an extreme concentration, an analysis according to the headquarters´ location and allocated quotas to owners of production capacities provides the evidence of extreme concentration.
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"Increase the Sugar Concentration of the Solution Sugar by Reverse Osmotic Membrane." In International Seminar of Research Month Science and Technology in Publication, Implementation and Commercialization. Galaxy Science, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.11594/nstp.2018.0132.

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Song, Yue-dong, and Ming-jian Ma. "Effect of CO2 concentration on sugar-free micropropagation of chrysanthemum." In 2011 International Conference on New Technology of Agricultural Engineering (ICAE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icae.2011.5943864.

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Caucheteur, C., F. Lhomme, K. Chah, M. Blondel, and Patrice Megret. "Use of tilted Bragg gratings to simultaneously measure sugar concentration and temperature during the production process of sugar." In Bruges, Belgium - Deadline Past. SPIE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.623706.

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Chen, Chien-Hung, Chih-Wen Chen, Tai-Shan Liao, and Chi-Hung Hwang. "A design of near infrared spectrometer for pears sugar concentration analysis." In 2010 IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Technology Conference Proceedings. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/imtc.2010.5488265.

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Rao, B. Sharma, M. Nurfaiz, and U. Hashim. "Quantitative measurement of sugar concentration using in house fabricated microgap biosensor." In 2013 IEEE Regional Symposium on Micro and Nanoelectronics (RSM). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rsm.2013.6706471.

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Mahajan, Swapnil, Vismay Trivedi, Vani Chhaniwal, Mahendra Prajapati, Zeev Zalevsky, Bahram Javidi, and Arun Anand. "Measurement of concentration of sugar in solutions with laser speckle decorrelation." In SPIE Optical Metrology, edited by Peter Lehmann, Wolfgang Osten, and Armando Albertazzi Gonçalves. SPIE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2184698.

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Kudryashev, S. B., N. S. Assev, R. D. Belashov, and V. A. Naumenko. "CONTROL IN REAL TIME THE DENSITY OF PRODUCT AT VARIOUS STAGES OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS OF SUGAR PRODUCTION." In STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF AGRIBUSINESS. DSTU-PRINT, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/interagro.2020.1.630-632.

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Abstract:
The article is devoted to solving one of the most important problems of the development of the sugar industry in Russia – the modernization of sugar production processes. Today, sugar production is actively being modernized, shifting most of its processes to the path of avomatization and optimization to improve the quality of products. This article describes one of the main ways to obtain information about the concentration of sucrose in syrup in the production of sugar.
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Guariti, G., M. Hofmann, R. Weigel, G. Fischer, and D. Kissinger. "Determination of sugar concentration in aqueous solutions using ultra-wideband microwave impedance spectroscopy." In 2013 IEEE/MTT-S International Microwave Symposium - MTT 2013. IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mwsym.2013.6697563.

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Reports on the topic "Sugar concentration"

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Garrett, Peter W., Kenneth R. Dudzik, and Kenneth R. Dudzik. Ray tissues as an indirect measure of relative sap-sugar concentration in sugar maple. Broomall, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experimental Station, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/ne-rp-626.

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Garrett, Peter W., Kenneth R. Dudzik, and Kenneth R. Dudzik. Ray tissues as an indirect measure of relative sap-sugar concentration in sugar maple. Broomall, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experimental Station, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/ne-rp-626.

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Lagera, Anjela J., Lloyd O. Balinado, John Rex Baldomero, Hannah Fae I. Rotairo, Nariza L. Tero, Mailyn S. Maghinay, Irma F. Baluyo, et al. Varying Sugars and Sugar Concentrations Influence In Vitro Pollen Germination and Pollen Tube Growth of Cassia alata L. Journal of Young Investigators, June 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.22186/jyi.33.1.42-45.

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Sweet, Minoo. The concentration and speciation of sugars in natural waters. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.2714.

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You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Sugar concentration' for particular source types:
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