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1
Stolz, Hendrik Nicolaas Petrus. "Invert sugar from sugar cane molasses : a pilot plant study." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1986.
Full textAbstract:
An investigation was done into the recovery of invert sugar from sugar cane
molasses. A pilot plant was designed and constructed to evaluate the clarification
and separation of molasses to produce invert sugar syrup. The aim of the pilot
plant was to prove the process and deliver data so as to facilitate the design and
prove the financial viability of a commercial plant. The pilot plant had to process
300 kg/day of molasses.
The clarification of molasses by centrifugal separation, a known desludging
process, did not produce a product of acceptable quality which could be used in a
chromatographic separator. The results were disappointing. The product
obtained was also not suitable for dead end pressure filtration. The turbidity
remaining after the centrifugal separation also did not respond to a second
flocculation process.
Conventional settling clarification was investigated. Seven factors that could
influence the consolidation and settling of suspended solids in molasses were
identified, namely: the age of the diluted molasses, the temperature of the
flocculated mixture, the variations across various batches of flocculant, the effect of
reaction time of the phosphoric acid, the optimum flocculant dosing concentration,
the optimum concentration of the molasses solution and the effect of increasing the
acid dosage.
The optimum conditions to clarify molasses through settling were found to be: fresh
molasses, at 28 Brix and 60°C, allowing 10 min intervals between acidification with
3,75 g (as 100%) phosphoric acid/ kg dry material (assumed equal to Brix) and
neutralisation with 5 g (as 100%) caustic/kg dry material (assumed equal to Brix),
flocculation with any batch of flocculant 6195, dosed as a 1000 ppm solution.
Commercial equipment was evaluated. The pilot plant E-cat clarifier was operated
at 300 l/h and a thick sludge formed. The overflow was clear and it could be
filtered. The molasses obtained was suitable for chromatographic separation.
The recovery of sugars from molasses sludge has economic merit. From the
evaluation of centrifugal separation and gravity separation it is clear that gravity separation again is the best method. The sweet-water obtained is consistent within
the clarity requirement of 10 NTU/Brix and can be used to dilute raw molasses in
the upstream processing step. The clarification process that was developed is
patented. [Bekker, Stolz et.al. (2001)]
A sugar recovery of 93.9 mass % at a purity of 99.7 mass % from molasses, was
achieved using a simulated moving bed, ion exclusion, pilot plant. The operating
conditions for this performance were: feed flow at 14 l/h and at a temperature
above 60 °C; water flow at 63 l/h and at a temperature above 65 °C; extract flow at
21 l/h; raffinate flow at 56 l/h; loop flow at 78 l/h and step time at 1326 seconds.
This relates to the following bed volumes of the various separation zones: Bed
Volume Zone 1 = 0.694; Bed Volume Zone 2 = 0.591; Bed Volume Zone 3 =
0.661; Bed Volume Zone 4 = 0.383. There is a trade-off between purity and
recovery and a reduction in water usage.
A preliminary environmental impact assessment and conceptual mass balance
were done. The proposed plant integrates well into the existing Komati Mill of TSB
and does not pose any significant environmental threat. The plant requires certain
services from the mill. The mass balance investigated the water and steam
consumption of the plant. Process integration was done so as to obtain the
optimum utility consumption. The utility consumption of the plant does not exceed
the capacity available at the mill. A small boiler is however required to produce
steam during the annual mill maintenance period.
Various techniques were used in a cost estimation for the invert sugar plant. The
internal rate of return (IRR) is 42% for a fixed capital investment of
R94,270,000.00. The net return rate (NRR) for the project is 4%/year, the net
present value (NPV) - discounted at a 30% cost-of-capital is R41,782,000.00. The
net payout time (NPT) is 5.207 years. The project fulfils the financial requirements
set by TSB.
It is now possible and viable to desugarize cane molasses.
2
Govinden, Noël. "Intercropping of sugar cane with maize." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/4994.
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3
Ang, Dexter W. "Designing the Sugar Cane Charcoal Extruder." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32885.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2005."June 2005."
Includes bibliographical references (leaf 32).
The Sugar Cane Charcoal Extruder compresses carbonized sugar cane into charcoal briquettes. that are environmentally-friendly and comparable to wood charcoal in burn performance, cost, and durability. Originally developed in the fall semester of 2004 in the MIT course 2.009, Product Engineering Processes, the extruder is designed for use in Haiti where wood charcoal constitutes up to a seventh of a family's expenditures. For a nation without a widespread electric grid such as Haiti, a locally manufacturable, affordable, and family-operated charcoal extruder is an effective method to introduce alternative energy into the economy. This thesis documents the past developments of the extruder and presents an improved design that is more portable, more robust, and less expensive to build than the original versions. The new design loads the bagasse and binder directly into the feedscrew and compresses the mixture using threads of decreasing pitch. Evaluations of design successes and failures are provided as well as recommendations for future development.
by Dexter W. Ang.
S.B.
4
Nguyen, Danny M. T. "Colour removal from sugar cane juice." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2014. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/66234/1/Danny_Nguyen_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
The key contribution contained in this thesis is an understanding of the degradation of colour precursors in sugar solutions. A new direction of research for the removal of colour and colour precursors in sugar process streams has been identified through the use of the Fenton oxidation and related processes.
The decolourisation technologies developed in this study showed reductions in colour in synthetic and factory sugar process streams. These technologies have the potential to lower refining and manufacturing costs for the sugar industry.
5
Buchanan, Vernon Everett. "Surface Engineering of Sugar Cane Mill Rollers." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.489965.
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There has been renewed interest in recent years to address the coating of sugarcane mill rollers, due to the advancement in the development of welding electrodes and wires for surfacing and the need to improve the productivity and extraction of 'Ul!!urcane juice. The aim ofthis study is to evaluate and compare the performance of .hlclded metal arc welding (SMAW) overlays with an experimental arc sprayed. ''(luting in order to identify an alternative process that performs equally or better than SMAW in terms of abrasive wear performance under specific environment. The ~,udy focussed on three main areas: solidification and microstructure, abrasive wear, hud corrosion. The SMAW and arc sprayed coatings were deposited using Fe-Cr-C electrodes amt ,m experimental Fe-Cr-B wire, respectively. Friction and abrasive wear tests Wlrt conducted using a modified block-on-ring tester that simulated the wear eoodltlons experienced in a sugarcane mill, while corrosion tests were performed lIltnJ Jmmcrsion and electrochemical methods. Microstructures of the as-deposited coatings were characterised using optical mt''''L'OPY, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) IIld N=ret)' diffraction (XRD). The wear mechanisms were also investigated by lllminln~ the worn surfaces and subsurfaces using SEM. ('tmlpluison of the resulting SMAW coatings revealed that variations in the • .....hhm of the welding electrodes as well as welding procedure produced significant differences in the microstructure in terms of morphology of the carbides, distribution and proportion of the carbide phases, and microhardness. The arc- 'prayed coating exhibited better abrasive wear and corrosion resistance compared to the SMAW coatings. The amount and distribution of free chromium in the specimens were the primary factors that controlled the corrosion behaviour. The dominant wear m~~hnnisms controlling abrasion were found to be microploughing and microcutting In the hypoeutectic coating, and microcracking in the hypereutectic and are sprayed coatings.
6
Furtado, de Souza Jose Ribamar. "Farmer participation in Brazilian sugar cane research." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1991. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2815/.
Full textAbstract:
This research is concerned with the contribution which farmer participation, as a complementary approach to agricultural research in Brazil, can make to the Improvement of disadvantaged farmers socioeconomic conditions through the solution of their technological problems. This notion is embodied in the concepts of Farming Systems Research and Farmer Participatory Research, which provide the broad theoretical framework within which this investigation was developed. The context in which the research was carried out was Brazilian sugar cane growing regions, with a specific focus on the practice of farmer participation within the Three Year' Plan for Diffusion of Technology for Sugar Cane Agro-industry's Resource-poor Farmers (Plano Trienal). Material for this investigation derives from two sources: direct involvement since the pilot project original phase of the Plano Trienal over a period of six years and a period of fieldwork undertaken in 1988. During the latter, data were collected by means of questionnaires, interviews, participant observation and Informal discussions in the States of Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais, Espirito Santo, Pernambuco, Paraiba and Rio Grande do Norte. The dynamics of sugar cane agriculture is analysed within the overall sugar cane agro-industry as a particular sector of Brazilian agriculture. The concepts of Farming Systems Research and Farming Participatory Research are then set within this general frame of reference. Subsequently, the policies advocated by research and extension services is situated within the wider context of the Brazilian sugar cane agro-industry. Specific attention is then given to the failure of 'conservative modernisation' policies adopted by those services. Within this broad framework the formation and development of the Plano Trienal is described and analysed. The performance of the Plan's selected projects is then investigated through a comparative study, with particular attention given to the types of approaches employed, both, participatory and persuasive. In this perspective, combined statistical and qualitative methods are employed, based on variables (such as technology, approach, farm, farmer and technician) with specific reference to four economic indicators: productivity, assets, adoption and technological problems. Finally, the role of Farmer Participation is critically analysed referring to Farmer Participatory Research as a crucial component of the agricultural research process. The research findings point to the central importance of farmer's indigenous knowledge and scientific knowledge based upon 'mutual respect', and grounded in experience, for the processes of participatory research. In these processes, the relationship established between farmer and technician was found to be a fundamental aspect of research practice in which great weight is placed upon the farmer's role not as an object but as the 'subject' of agricultural research. This research demonstrates that the projects which embraced this approach achieved a higher level of technology adoption, a greater number of technological solutions and a greater increase in productivity and farmers' assets. The main policy implication of the thesis is that farmer participation, as a complementary approach to agricultural research methods, can contribute significantly to modifying the socio-economic situation of disadvantaged farmers.
7
Opara, Charles C. "Continuous ethanol production from Nigerian cane-sugar molasses." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1987. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/13788.
Full textAbstract:
The fermentation of carbohydrate sources into ethanol has become increasingly important to both industrialized and developing countries, because of its numerous uses and the need to produce it from renewable resources. In a developing tropical country such as Nigeria, proliferation of microbial life due to the hot climate, and lack of the technical know-how to maintain commercially available plants have created the need to look inwards in order to design and realize simple processes and units from local inputs. The inputs are the microorganism, sugar source, and fermentation system. In this project, high ethanol yielding microorganisms (yeast and bacteria) were isolated from local alcoholic beverages, characterized and used to ferment suitably clarified molasses. Cell immobilized, fixed-bed fermentation system was found most suitable for the tropics.
8
Meller, Lauro. "Sugar cane fields forever: carnavalização, Sgt. Pepper's, tropicália /." Florianópolis, SC, 1998. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/77974.
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Dissertação (Mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão.Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-17T09:12:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2016-01-09T00:01:31Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 147672.pdf: 2787093 bytes, checksum: 65c50e8ddcf960e780560daba7cdd572 (MD5)
9
Cox, Graeme J. "A yield mapping system for sugar cane chopper harvesters." University of Southern Queensland, Faculty of Engineering and Surveying, 2002. http://eprints.usq.edu.au/archive/00004617/.
Full textAbstract:
[Abstract]: Yield maps provide essential information for the spatial analysis and evaluation of crop production management at a within field level. Technology has been developed to conduct yield mapping in various crops including grain, potatoes and forage, but as yet no technology exists for yield mapping sugar cane. The chopper harvester is the most common form ofmechanical harvester for sugar cane. Therefore, the goal of this research is to develop a yield mapping system for the chopper type sugar cane harvester.After a review, it is proposed that a suitable accuracy goal for the sugar cane mass flow sensor would be ‘less than 5% cumulative measurement error, 95% of the time (2 standard deviations), measured over a 100m2 harvest area’.Existing mass flow sensors for other crops are reviewed.Based on this review four potential techniques are proposed to measure the mass flow rate of sugar cane. These were defined as the chopper power, elevator power and feed roller separation and weigh pad. These weretested simultaneously by placing various sensors on a single harvester and comparing the sensor outputs with the mass flow rate as measured by a weigh truck. In this trial, all techniques offered potential but none produced results close to the accuracy goal. A weighing technique, known as the ‘weigh pad’, offered the most potential for improvement and potential to accurately measure the mass flow rate with a single calibration under all conditions. The weigh pad technique suffered from very small load cell sensitivity to flow rate, drift in baseline readings and susceptibility to mechanical noise/acceleration dynamics.An opportunity arose to install a complete yield mapping system on a harvester within a commercial operation. This opportunity was accepted to assess the potential for applying yield maps to the agronomic management of sugar cane. Because the weigh pad sensor required further development at this stage, chopper and elevator power were used as a measure of mass flow rate. A full yield mapping system was developed. Yield mapping, directed soil sampling and variable rate gypsum application was conducted on a case study field. Economic analysis shows a clear economic benefit when compared with standardmanagement.Analysis is conducted on the weigh pad sensor examining its susceptibility to mechanical noise/acceleration dynamics. Theory is developed to mathematically model the effects of acceleration dynamics on the accuracy of weigh pad sensor. Laboratory bench testing supported the mathematical model. From the theoretical and experimental analysis a number of conclusions are drawn:· The weigh pad should be made as light as possible to minimise the error due todynamic conditions.· Electronic analogue filters should be used to reduce the noise due to externalacceleration.· The weigh pad should be as rigid as possible to maximise its natural frequency.A new weigh pad sensor was designed based on these conclusions. Field trials indicated the effects of external accelerations dynamics were significantly reduced. Baseline drift was then found as the next major factor limiting accuracy. The baseline drift was principally caused by the secondary extractor fan of the harvester inducing a negative pressure on the weighpad. A rubber curtain placed between the weigh pad and the secondary extractor fan reduced the negative force on the weigh pad due to the secondary extractor fan by 74% (from 17 N to 4.4 N). Therefore it is recommended the curtain be used to minimise the impact of the secondary extractor fan on the baseline drift of the weigh pad.A yield mapping system has been developed for the sugar cane chopper harvester incorporating the weigh pad sensor, a ground speed sensor, a DGPS receiver, a yielddisplay/monitor and data logger. Three identical systems have been constructed and installed on three harvesters for the 1998 cane harvest season. The results show sugar cane could be yield mapped using standard yield mapping principles.The level of accuracy being achieved by the yield mapping system is less than 16% error, with 95% confidence, over a measurement area of approximately 1400 m2. Although theaccuracy achieved is not to the desired research goal, yield maps were produced with satisfactory detail to make agronomic management decisions. The reliability of the sugar cane yield mapping system under field condition in a commercial operation was satisfactory. However, two techniques are proposed (“auto-zeroing” and “batch weighing” techniques) to improve the accuracy and reliability of the weigh pad readings during wet or adverseharvesting conditions.After note: At the time of writing the NCEA along with Case Austoft (CNH) were continuing to conduct research and development on the system and are intending to make theyield mapping system available as a standard item on new harvesters and a retrofit unit on existing harvesters in the near future (C. Barret, per. comm. 2001). The proposed “autozeroing” and “batch weighing” techniques are being tested.
10
McCarthy, Stuart George. "The integration of sensory control for sugar cane harvesters." University of Southern Queensland, Faculty of Engineering and Surveying, 2003. http://eprints.usq.edu.au/archive/00001469/.
Full textAbstract:
The research concerns the design and implementation of mechatronic systems to assist in the operation and control of a sugar cane harvester. Two functions were chosen for attention, the primary separation system, and the ‘topper’ that discards the leafy crown. Although these operations are given low priority by the operator of the harvester, their optimisation is of particular significance to the industry. Optimum separation requires a fine balance between discarding ‘trash’ that would contaminate the quality of the cane billets and losing good sugar-bearing material through over cleaning. Poor control of the topper can create extra load for the separation system and cause it to operate at a low efficiency with high loss. Alternatively it can cause a length of sugar-bearing cane stalk to be lost before it even enters the harvester system at all. A variety of mechatronic techniques were explored, that addressed the problem of providing useful data directly from the harvester functions and the electronic instrumentation to allow the data to be collected in a useful form in real-time. Computer control issues were also investigated, to make best use of the data stream. Novel acoustic transducers were introduced to the sensory separation system to provide a signal that indicated material striking the fan blades. A rotary transformer was required to allow transmission of the signal, and a signal interface system was implemented to record the returned data. Many real-time time-series analyses were conducted, and from these a suitable algorithm to extract an impact signal was developed. This system was assessed under harvesting conditions with results that confirmed its ability to quantify the amount of cane lost from the harvest. An investigation was conducted to detect the optimum topping height on a sugar cane stalk. The techniques considered both the internal and external attributes of the stalk, and a method was selected to measure the sugar concentration with a chemical sensor. An important design parameter was that the sensor must operate on the harvester in real time. The novel refractometer worked well in laboratory conditions, yielding repeatable and accurate results. The field environment complicated the application of this system, however this was partly overcome with introduction of a custom sample-crushing mechanism. This device provided the necessary juice sample from a selection of the topped cane stalks. The complete sampling and measuring mechanism operated well on cane stalks, and returned encouraging results. Both sets of data returned useful information regarding the operation of the particular harvester operations. The control of either the separation system or the topper requires careful balancing, and novel control techniques that consider the ergonomics for the operator are discussed. These include visual indication devices through to automatic control algorithms. With the integration of mechatronic techniques into the functioning of the sugar cane harvester, the overall efficiency of many of its functions may be improved, and the operator’s task may be greatly simplified. The ultimate objective is to maximise the yield with an improved level of harvested and separated cane.
11
Rodrigues, Osmar V. "Agrivehicle : Design for the Vehicle Transporting Sugar Cane Cutters." Thesis, Royal College of Art, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.503010.
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Batchelor, C. H. "Water use and growth of drip-irrigated sugar cane." Thesis, University of Reading, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314805.
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13
Onpraphai, Thaworn, and n/a. "Information systems for regional sugar cane production forecasting and localised yield estimation: a Thailand perspective." University of Canberra. Resource, Environmental & Heritage Sciences, 2004. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060517.142422.
Full textAbstract:
Sugar is an important global agricultural commodity and a significant input to the
advanced industrialised world. Annual average global sugar production is around 120
million tonnes, with consumption around 118 million tonnes. Sugar is produced under
a broad range of climatic conditions in some 120 countries and is one of the most
heavily traded agricultural commodities (FAO, 2001). Plants produce sugar as a
storehouse of energy that is used as required. Approximately 70% of sugar is
produced from sugar cane while the remaining 30% is produced from sugar beet
(Sugar Knowledge International, 2001).
Thailand's cane and sugar industry is now one of the major sources of foreign income
for the country. The value of sugar exports (around 35 billion baht or AUD $1.5
billion per annum) ranks among the top ten exported commodities of the Thai
economy. Approximately 9.2% of annual global sugar production is exported from
Thailand (WTO, 2001).
The sugar industry is extremely complex and comprises individual links and
components in the supply and demand chain that are more delicately in balance than
with most other commodity based industries. Thailand's sugar production has been
characterized by greater extremes of variability than in most other sugar producing
countries. A unique combination of pests, disease, climate, soils, problems with plant
available moisture and the low technology basis of crop management has increased
production risk and uncertainty for the crop. Total tonnage of cane and sugar is
notoriously difficult to predict during the growing season and for a mature crop before
the harvest.
Accordingly, the focus of this research is on the development and testing of methods,
algorithms, procedures and output products for Sugar Cane Crop Forecasting and
Yield Mapping. The resulting spatial and temporal information tools have the potential
to provide the basis of a commercially deployable decision support system for
Thailand's sugar industry.
The scope of this thesis encompasses several levels within a geographical hierarchy of
scales; from regional, district, farm, and plot within a study area in northeastern
Thailand. Crop forecasting at regional level will reduce production risk uncertainty
while yield mapping and yield estimation at local, farm and plot scales will enable
productivity to be improved by identifying, diagnosing the cause of and reducing
yield variability.
The research has three main objectives. These are to:
Develop statistical analysis procedures and empirical algorithms expressing the
relationship between yield potential and spectral response of sugar cane yield as a
basis for mapping, monitoring, modeling, forecasting and management of sugar
production in Thailand.
Evaluate the validity of a technology based versus conventional approach to crop
forecasting and yield mapping, commencing with a series of testable null-hypotheses
and culminating in procedures to calibrate and validate empirical
models against verifiable production records. Outcomes are used to review and
evaluate existing and potential future approaches to regional crop forecasting,
localised yield mapping and yield estimation tools for operational use within
Thailand's sugar industry.
Identify, evaluate and establish performance benchmarks in relation to the
practicality, accuracy, timeliness, cost effectiveness and value proposition of a
satellite based versus conventional approach to crop forecasting and yield
mapping.
The methodology involved time series analysis of recorded sugar cane yields and
production outcomes paired with spectral response statistics of crops derived from
satellite imagery and seasonal rainfall records over a three year period within four
provinces, forty five component districts and 120 representative farms.
Spectral statistics were derived fiom raw multi-spectral satellite imagery (multitemporal
SPOT- VI at regional scale and Landsat 7 ETM+ imagery at local scale)
acquired during the 1999 to 2001 sugar cane seasons. Crop area and production
statistics at regional scale were compiled and furnished by the provincial sugar mill
and verified through government agencies within Thailand. Selective cutting at
sample sites within nominated fields owned by collaborating growers was undertaken
to validate localised differences in productivity and to facilitate yield variance
mapping.
Acquisition, processing, analysis and statistical modeling of remotely sensed satellite
spectral data, rainfall records and production outcomes were accomplished using an
empirical approach. Resulting crop production forecasting algorithms were
systematically evaluated for reliability by assessing accuracy, spatial and temporal
variability. Long term rainfall and district sugar cane yield and production records
were used to account for district and season specific differences between estimated
and recorded yields, to generate error probability functions and to improve the
accuracy and applicability of empirical models under more extreme conditions.
Limitations on finding and length of records constrained the number of seasons and
the area for which satellite imagery with contrasting levels of spatial and spectral
resolution could be acquired. The absence of verifiable long term production records
combined with limitations on the duration and area able to be covered by field trips
meant that time series analysis of paired data was necessarily constrained to a three
year period of record coinciding with the author's period of candidature. Accordingly,
although a comprehensive set of well correlated district and month specific yield
forecasting algorithms was able to be developed, temporal restrictions on data
availability constrained the extent to which they could be subjected to thorough
accuracy and reliability analysis and extended with confidence down to farm and field
scale.
A variety of approaches, using different parameter combinations and threshold values,
was used to combine individual districts and component farms into coherent groups to
overcome temporal data constraints and to generate more robust production
forecasting algorithms, albeit with slightly lower levels of apparent accuracy and
reliability. The procedures adopted to optimise these district groupings are
systematically explained. Component differences in terrain, biophysical conditions
and management approaches between district groupings are used to explain
differences in production outcomes and to account for apparent differences between
forecast versus actual yields between districts both within and between different
groups.
The outcomes of this research - particularly the data acquisition and analysis
procedures, empirical modeling, error assessment and adjustment techniques, and the
optimisation procedures used to facilitate grouping of districts - provide a practical
basis for the deployment of an operational sugar cane production forecasting and yield
mapping information system to facilitate planning and logistical management of
production, harvesting, transportation, processing, domestic marketing and export of
sugar from northeastern Thailand. At the local and farm level, yield maps and plot
based yield estimates will assist users to improve productivity by recognising,
identiwing and responding to potential causes of within and between field spatial
variability.
However, before such an information system can be confidently deployed, additional
resources will be required to obtain paired production records, spectral data fiom
satellite imagery and biophysical input data over a longer period to ensure that the
empirical models are operationally robust and to validate their accuracy under a wider
range of conditions by comparing forecasts with actual outcomes over larger areas
during the next few seasons.
14
Joyce, James Alexander. "Pressurised entrained flow gasification of sugar cane wastes for cogeneration /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2006. http://adt.library.uq.edu.au/public/adt-QU20060713.095935/index.html.
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Abdul-Aziz, Z. A. B. "Resistance of sugar cane to root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne Spp.)." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372305.
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Lanzotti, Carla Regina. "Uma analise emergetica de tendencias do setor sucroalcooleiro." [s.n.], 2000. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/263949.
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Orientador: Enrique Ortega RodriguezDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica
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Resumo: Com a primeira crise do petróleo, em 1973, houve necessidade de buscar fontes alternativas de energia que pudessem substituir os derivados de petróleo. Assim, o Programa Nacional do Álcool ¿ ProÁlcool foi instituído com a emissão do Decreto nº 76.593, de 14 de novembro de 1975, baseando-se, inicialmente, na produção de álcool anídro para misturá-lo à gasolina. Com a nova crise do petróleo, em 1979, além da mistura à gasolina, iniciou-se a fabricação de automóveis movidos a álcool. Isto intensificou a agroindústria canavieira, responsável por impactos ambientais como a destruição de áreas com mata nativa, perda da diversidade da produção rural e lançamento de vinhaça nos rios. Ainda hoje, tais impactos geram problemas ambientais e sociais como: erosão e poluição dos solos, poluição dos recursos hídricos por agrotóxicos, emissão de poluentes na atmosfera pela queima dos canaviais, destruição da biodiversidade e aumento do êxodo rural. Como contrapartida positiva, a adoção do álcool combustível melhorou a qualidade do ar nas cidades brasileiras, substituindo substâncias tóxicas nos combustíveis de veículos automotores. Assim, a relação custo/benefício merece um estudo aprimorado, uma vez que esta indústria é afetada pelas novas possibilidades tecnológicas. Este trabalho analisa possibilidades alternativas da produção da cana-de-açúcar e fabricação de açúcar e álcool, agrupadas como tendências que podem melhorar a produção e diminuir os impactos ambientais da atividade canavieira. Entre elas destacam-se aquelas relacionadas às disposições legais, às inovações tecnológicas e às forças de mercado. A análise da produção da cana, do açúcar e do álcool baseou-se em dados coletados em usinas do estado de São Paulo e, a partir destes dados, foi verificado como a aplicação destas tendências afetaria a agroindústria. A ferramenta escolhida para realizar esta análise foi à metodologia emergética, que permite avaliar os impactos ambientais do sistema de produção, verificando os índices relacionados ao uso de recursos renováveis e não renováveis, os serviços ambientais locais, os serviços econômicos e a rentabilidade econômica do sistema. Baseando-se na metodologia, as vantagens e desvantagens de cada tendência foram identificadas de acordo com o aproveitamento dos recursos naturais renováveis e não-renováveis, materiais e serviços. Das tendências analisadas, a que obteve melhores índices foi a agricultura orgânica. Como previsto, esta técnica aproveita melhor os recursos naturais, agredindo menos o solo e o meio ambiente. Outra vantagem verificada foi à necessidade intensiva de mão-de-obra rural. Esta técnica oferece benefícios ambientais, por ser menos poluidora, e benefícios sociais, pois mantém o emprego dos trabalhadores rurais. Por outro lado, a que se mostrou menos sustentável foi à mecanização da colheita, devido à necessidade de maiores investimentos em equipamentos, tecnologia e combustíveis. É importante ressaltar que cada tendência foi estudada isoladamente, sendo importante realizar simulações com duas ou mais tendências. Com a incorporação de mais tendências na mesma atividade os impactos ambientais e sociais tendem a diminuir, melhorando a produtividade da agroindústria canavieira
Abstract: With the first crisis of the oil, in 1973, it had necessity to search alternative energy sources that could substitute the oil derivatives. Thus, the Alcohol National Program ¿ ProÁlcool ¿ was instituted with the emission of the Decree n° 76,593, of November 14, 1975, being based, initially, in the anhydrous alcohol production to be mixed to gasoline. With the new crisis of the oil, in 1979, beyond the mixture to the gasoline, it was initiated the manufacture of automobiles moved by alcohol. This intensified the sugar cane agricultural industry, responsible for environmental impacts such as the destruction of areas with native forest, loss of the agricultural production diversity and launching of vinasse in the rivers. Still today, these impacts generate environmental and social problems such as: ground erosion and pollution, pollution of the hydro resources with pesticides, pollutants emission in the atmosphere with the cane-plantation burning, biodiversity destruction and increase of the agricultural exodus. As positive counterpart, the adoption of the combustible alcohol improved the quality of air in the Brazilian cities, substituting toxic substances in automachine vehicles fuels. Thus, the cost/benefit relation deserves an improved study, because this industry is affected by the new technological possibilities. This work analyzes alternative possibilities of the sugar cane production and sugar and alcohol manufacture, grouped as trends that can improve the production and diminish the environmental impacts of the sugar cane industry activity. Among them those related to the legal disposals, to the technological innovations and to the market forces are distinguished. The analysis of the sugar cane, sugar and alcohol production was based on data collected in industries in the state of São Paulo and, from these data, it was verified how the application of these trends would affect the agricultural industry. The chosen tool to carry through this analysis was the emergy methodology, that allows the evaluation of the environmental impacts of the system production, verifying the index related to the utilization of renewable and non-renewable resources, the local environmental services, the economic services and the economic yield of the system. Being based on the methodology, the advantages and disadvantages of each trend had been identified in accordance with the exploitation of the renewable and non-renewable natural resources, materials and services. In the analyzed trends, the one that got better index was the organic agriculture. As foreseen, this technique takes advantage of the natural resources better, attacking little the ground and the environment. Another verified advantage was the intensive necessity of agricultural manpower. This technique offers environmental benefits, for being less polluting, and social benefits, because it keeps the job of the agricultural workers. On the other hand, the one that showed less sustainability was the harvest mechanization, due to necessity of bigger investments in equipment, technology and fuels. It is important to stand out that each trend was studied separately, being important to carry through simulation with two or more trends. With the incorporation of more trends in the same activity the environmental and social impacts tend to diminish, improving the productivity of the sugar cane industry
Mestrado
Planejamento de Sistemas Energeticos
Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica
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Amre, Devendra. "Risk for lung cancer among sugar cane farmers and processing workers." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0018/NQ55297.pdf.
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Mui, Nguyen Thi. "Feeding systems for goats based on foliages and whole sugar cane /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2001. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2001/91-576-5825-0.pdf.
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Allali, Mohamed. "The efficiency of selection in a Moroccan sugar cane breeding programme." Thesis, University of Reading, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239460.
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Mamet, L. D. "Breeding for earliness of ripening in sugar cane (Saccharum spp. L.)." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.259637.
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Moraes, João Cláudio Bassan de. "Study on sugar cane straw ash (SCSA) in alkali-activated binders /." Ilha Solteira, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/152101.
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Orientador: Jorge Luís AkasakiResumo: Aglomerantes ativados alcalinamente (AAA) são obtidos da combinação de um precursor solido (geralmente um aluminosilicato) e uma solução alcalina de alta concentração. As vantagens de utilizar este novo tipo de aglomerante comparado ao cimento Portland, um aglomerante convencional, são as menores emissões de CO2, menor consumo de energia e a possibilidade de utilizar matérias prima renováveis e/ou resíduos. Neste sentido, este trabalho apresenta um novo resíduo da indústria da cada de açúcar: a folha de cana de açúcar. A folha apresenta um poder calorífico interessante; portanto, ela pode ser utilizada como biomassa para produzir energia através um processo de queima. Depois deste procedimento, é gerado um novo resíduo: a cinza de folha de cana de açúcar (CF). Esta cinza não apresenta uma destinação correta, então este trabalho tem como intenção utilizar esta cinza como material prima em AAA. A CF foi avaliada de duas formas: como precursor solido e como matéria prima para produzir a solução alcalina. No primeiro modo, a CF foi utilizada em sistemas combinados com a escória de alto forno (EAF) ativado com ambas soluções de NaOH e NaOH/silicato de sódio. No segundo modo, a CF foi utilizada como fonte de sílica para produzir a solução alcalina com o NaOH em AAA baseados em EAF. Os sistemas foram estudados através da resistência a compressão de argamassas e pelo estudo da microestrutura de pastas. Ensaios realizados para avaliar a microestrutura foram a difração de raios-X (DRX)... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Doutor
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Nguyen, Thi Mui. "Feeding systems for goats based on foliages and whole sugar cane /." Uppsala, Sweden : Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2001. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=009768566&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Sverges lantbruksuniversitet, 2001.Thesis statement in Swedish and English abstract inserted. Based on 4 previously prepared or published papers reprinted here. Includes bibliographical references.
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Thai, Caroline C. D. "Studies on the clarification of juice from whole sugar cane crop." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2013. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/63948/1/Caroline_Thai_Thesis.pdf.
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In the sugar industry, processing juice derived from the whole sugar cane plant adversely affects the yield and quality of the product sugar. Dr Thai investigated the aggregation behaviour of sugar cane juice particles and developed strategies to improve the removal of non-sucrose impurities.
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Shorney, Steven Frederick John. "Utilising human computer interaction evaluation techniques to improve sugar cane transportation." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/206057/1/Steven_Shorney_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis presents an application of Human Computer Interaction methodology in the testing of a suitable interface for sugar cane rail transportation software within an existing transport management tool. The method used in this thesis measured how user friendly the interface was based on interactions and feedback supplied from sugar cane rail transport traffic controllers.
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Machado, Eduarda Faria Abrahão. "Suplementação com caldo de cana de açucar comparado com outros carboidratos na reposição do glicogenio e cinetica de biomarcadores pos-exercicio agudo em ratos." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/274776.
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Orientador: Denise Vaz de MacedoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Fisica
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Resumo: O exercício físico pode induzir traumas na musculatura, sinalizando uma resposta inflamatória. O reparo e regeneração das estruturas danificadas dependem do período adequado de descanso para recuperação. Esse período regenerativo é necessário após uma única sessão ou diversas sessões de exercícios. A restauração do glicogênio muscular pós-treino tem sido proposto como um dos fatores mais importantes para a recuperação pós-esforço. Normalmente, no esporte, são utilizados monossacarídeos ou amidos em diluições apropriadas para repor o glicogênio pós-treino. O caldo-de-cana é uma bebida comum no Brasil. Possui 65%-75% de água em sua composição média e alta concentração de sacarose, correspondente a 70%-91% de seus sólidos solúveis, além de antioxidantes, vitaminas, minerais e aminoácidos. O objetivo desse trabalho foi analisar o efeito do caldo-de-cana comparado a soluções carboidratadas ministradas imediatamente após um protocolo de exercício exaustivo na reposição de glicogênio; e na cinética de biomarcadores. No entanto, durante a revisão literária encontramos a utilização de diversos tipos anestésicos como principal variação metodológica nos estudos que quantificavam a concentração de glicogênio em animais. Foi necessário, portanto, definir qual anestésico utilizar permitindo interpretação de dados teciduais com análises concomitantes em sangue. Os agentes anestésicos podem afetar estrutura, função de órgãos e sistemas biológicos diferentemente, importando saber se o anestésico a ser utilizado poderia causar hemólise e/ou glicogenólise tecidual, interferentes na interpretação dos resultados. O capítulo 1 apresenta dados da comparação de 3 anestésicos injetáveis em relação ao grau de hemólise e concentrações de glicogênio. Os animais foram divididos em 3 grupos cada qual com um anestésico: Hidrato de Cloral (CH), Ketamina + Xilazina (KX), Zoletil 50® (zolazepam e tiletamina) + Xilazina (ZTX). Os grupos CH e KX exibiram hemólise em graus variados. Já o soro do grupo ZTX não apresentou hemólise. Não houve diferenças significativas nas concentrações de glicogênio entre os grupos CH e ZTX. Já o KX apresentou glicogenólise acentuada em todos tecidos. Os dados apresentados no capítulo 1 mostraram que o anestésico ZTX era o mais apropriado. O Capítulo 2 apresenta dados do efeito do caldo-de-cana comparativamente a soluções carboidratadas ministradas pós-exercício exaustivo, na reposição de glicogênio muscular e hepático, e na cinética de marcadores de proteólise, lesão muscular e inflamação durante 48h de recuperação. Esse estudo foi dividido em 2 experimentos. Os resultados do experimento 1 mostraram que a suplementação com caldo de cana foi tão eficiente quanto à maltodextrina para restaurar o glicogênio muscular. Nenhum dos suplementos foi capaz de repor significativamente o glicogênio hepático. Nos parâmetros bioquímicos e contagem do número de leucócitos totais, analisados no experimento 2, os dados mostraram instalação de quadro inflamatório e dano muscular pós-exercício perdurando pelas 48h de descanso. As amostras dos grupos suplementados com caldo-de-cana e maltodextrina não alteraram o padrão de resposta nas 48h pós-exaustão. Uma provável explicação seria a suplementação aguda, e após uma sessão de exercício, não ter sido suficiente para desencadear alterações nas análises. As potencialidades dos constituintes do caldo-de-cana e a escassez de estudos científicos com objetivo de utilizá-lo como recurso ergogênico no esporte reforçam a continuidade dessas investigações.
Abstract: Physical exercise induces traumas to biological structures which signal inflammatory process activation. The repair and regeneration of the damaged structures depend on an appropriate rest period for the recovery. This regenerative period is necessary after a single session or after several sessions of exercises. The muscle glycogen repletion after physical exercise seems to influence the recovery time. Usually in practices the carbohydrate rich compounds like maltodextrine, fructose or dextrin are normally used to maximize the rate of glycogen storage in the early hour's post-exercise. Sugar cane juice is an appreciate product and easily to find in Brazil. It possesses 65%-75% of water and a high sucrose concentration that corresponds 70%-91% of their soluble solids, phenolics compounds, vitamins, minerals and amino acids. The goal of this master's degree dissertation was to analyze the effect of sugar cane juice comparatively to other carbohydrates solutions supplied immediately after a bout of exhausting exercise in rats in the replacement of the glycogen stores; and in the kinetics of some biomarkers in 48h post-effort. However, the literature revision found the use of several anesthetics as the main methodological variation in the studies that quantified glycogen concentration in animals. It was necessary, therefore, initially to define the anesthetic that could allow the association of the data obtained in tissues with concomitant analyses in blood. It was important to know if the anesthetic used for samples collection could cause haemolysis and/or glycogenolysis in the animals. The studies accomplished during the master's degree are contained in two chapters. In chapter 1 we presented the comparison data of three injectable anesthetics used in experiments with animals, concerning the degree of haemolysis and glycogenolysis after anesthesia. The animals were divided into three groups: Cloral Hydrate (CH), Ketamine + Xylazine (KX), Zoletil 50® (zolazepam and tiletamine) + Xylazine (ZTX). The CH and KX presented serum haemolysis. Only ZTX presents no detectable values. The average value of the hepatic and muscular glycogen concentrations exhibited no significant difference between CH and ZTX. However, the KX presented accentuated glycogenolysis in all tissues. Our data suggest that the anesthetic ZTX seems to be the most appropriate for studies that need simultaneously to quantify the concentration of glycogen and blood markers without interferences. Chapter 2 presented the data of the effect of sugar cane juice comparatively to other carbohydrates solutions supplied after the exhaustion in rats, in the replacement of muscular and hepatic glycogen stores, and in the kinetics of some markers of proteolyses, muscular lesion and inflammation in 48hs of recovery. For that, we divided this study in two experiments. The results presented in the experiment 1 showed that the supplementation with sugar cane was as efficient as maltodextrine to restore the gastrocnemium red and white portions glycogen after 1 h of the exhaustion. The fructose exhibited less pronounced effect. None of the supplements were able to restore the hepatic glycogen significantly. The biochemical parameters and WBC number data analyzed in experiment 2 showed an persistent inflammatory picture associated to muscular damage even after 48h of rest. The supplemented groups with sugar cane and maltodextrine didn't alter the 48h post-exercise response pattern. Their representatives' potentialities reinforce the continuity of the investigations.
Mestrado
Biodinamica do Movimento Humano
Mestre em Educação Física
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Carvalho, Anna Cristina Barbosa Dias de. "Uma análise da cogeração de energia elétrica usando bagaço de cana-de-açúcar." Universidade de São Paulo, 1997. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18135/tde-22102015-113319/.
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O Brasil alavanca novamente sua economia, o desenvolvimento tão esperado durante as décadas de 80 e 90 é realidade. Esse crescimento exige novas tecnologias, novas pesquisas e uma infra-estrutura que suporte este crescimento.A energia elétrica faz parte dessa infra-estrutura, porem o país não esta preparado para esse desenvolvimento. Surge a possibilidade de cogeração de energia elétrica utilizando o bagaço de cana-de-açúcar. As usinas de açúcar e álcool já possuem essa prática com um volume de geração pequeno, com algum investimento esse volume de geração poderá ser aumentado, acrescentando cerca de 10% a matriz energética nacional. O objetivo do trabalho é apresentar uma análise da utilização de um subproduto da cana, o bagaço, como cogerador de energia elétrica. O presente trabalho apresenta a situação energética do país, algumas experiências já implantadas em alguns países no mundo e algumas opções para melhoria dos equipamentos utilizados nas usinas de açúcar e álcool. São mostradas as fontes alternativas de geração de energia elétrica estudadas no país, bem como a forma como a Eletrobrás planeja o programa energético nacional. O trabalho analisa mais detalhadamente a utilização do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar, que já é utilizado nas usinas do Estado de São Paulo para gerarem energia elétrica. São discutidos os possíveis sistemas viáveis e os problemas para a implantação deste nas usinas de açúcar e álcool.Brazil impels its economy again. A development expected in \'80 and \'90 years it\'s real. This growth demands new technologies, new researches and bases that bear that growth. Electric power is in these bases, but Brazil is not ready for that. Electric power cogeneration possibility appears, using sugar cane bagasse. Alcohol and sugar plants have already that practice working with a low generation volume, with some investment this volume can be increased, adding about 10% to national energetic matrix. The aim of this work is present a short time alternative for national electric matrix. This work shows country electric situations, some experiences already implanted in some countries around the world and some options to equipment improvement used in alcohol and sugar plants. It\'s shown alternatives fonts of electric power generation studied on Brazil, as well how Eletrobrás projects its National Energetic Program. It analyses detailed bagasse cane sugar use, which is working on São Paulo plants to generate electric power. It\'s discussed possibles systems and troubles on its implantation on sugar and alcohol plants.
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Yabe, Marcio. "Mais rápido, mais alto, mais forte a superexploração e a saúde dos “atletas olímpicos” dos canaviais alagoanos." Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2013. http://www.repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/3530.
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Faster, Higher, Stronger, translation of the Latin ―Citius, Altius, Fortius‖, motto of the modern Olympic Games, is used in this dissertation to make an analogy to the superexploitation of the sugar cane cutters of Alagoas (Brazil), as they increasingly need to perform faster, accumulate higher quantities of sugar cane and strike more strongly with their machetes, to guarantee the surplus value for the sugar factory owners of Alagoas.Our intention is to demonstrate how this professional category underwent an excessive exploitation, that could only result in damage to health and indelible marks in its corporeity, since the category was exposed throughout life to long working days, to the intensification of their work, and to the expropriation of the work necessary for their personal and familiar reproduction.This damage is proven through research carried out with workers between the ages of 41 and 67 years, who experienced working conditions before and after the deregulation of the sugar cane market in Brazil.Our theoretical basis rests on the Marxist theory of the exploitation of work, from which social scientists Ruy Mauro Marini and Raul Rojas Soriano derived the premises of super-exploitationandof Marxist medical sociology respectively.Mais Rápido, Mais Alto, Mais Forte, tradução do latim ―Citius, Altius, Fortius‖, lema dos Jogos Olímpicos da modernidade, é usado nesta dissertação para fazer uma analogia com a forma como acontece a superexploração dos cortadores de cana-de-açúcar dos canaviais alagoanos, que precisam de uma atuação cada vez mais rápida, acumular montes de cana cada vez mais altos e desferir golpes de facão cada vez mais fortes, para garantir a mais-valia dos usineiros de Alagoas. Nossa intenção é demonstrar o quanto que esta categoria profissional, que foi exposta ao longo da vida a extensas jornadas laborais, à intensificação do seu trabalho e à expropriação de parte do trabalho necessário para a sua reprodução pessoal e familiar, sofreu uma exploração desmedida, que só podia resultar em danos à sua saúde e marcas indeléveis na sua corporeidade. Danos estes que demonstramos através de pesquisa realizada com trabalhadores entre 41 e 67 anos de idade, que vivenciaram tanto o período anterior quanto o posterior à desregulamentação do mercado canavieiro brasileiro, em função da idade. Nossa fundamentação teórica se apoiou na teoria marxista da exploração do trabalho, sob o olhar de dois cientistas sociais que souberam extrair desta teoria as premissas da superexploração, Ruy Mauro Marini, e da sociologia médica marxista, Raul Rojas Soriano.
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Raposo, Júnior Jorge Luiz [UNESP]. "A espectrometria de absorção atômica com diagnóstico nutricional foliar de cana-de-açúcar e na avaliação de fertilizantes foliares." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105724.
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raposojunior_jl_dr_araiq.pdf: 6346951 bytes, checksum: 2a6134d61540835a78b50ad54ba2356f (MD5)A influência da composição de diferentes fertilizantes foliares, designados por tertemunha (T1), fosfito(T2), micronutrientes(T3), fosfito+micronutrientes (T4), bioestimulantes(T5), fosfito+bioestimulante (T6), micronutrientes+bioestimulantne(T7), fosfito+micronutrientes+bioestimulante(T8), foi avaliada na nutrição e produtividade da cana-de açúcar da sfra de 2007/2008. Foram desenvolvidas novas metodologias analítica para determinações multielementares de Cu, Fe, MN e Zn em extrato de solo e Cu, Fe, Mn, Sn, Ca, K e Mg em folhas de cana-de-açúcar por espectrometria de absorção atômica em chama como rfo9nte contínua e de alta resolulção (HR-CS FAAs). A produtividade da caqna-de açucar foi avaliada por meio da análise do grau Brix, açucares totais recuperáveis (ATR), teor de sacarose, massa de colmos, e massa de colmos x ATR. As determinações de micronutrientes em solo foram feitas empregando as linhas atômicas principais de Cu (324,754nm), MN(279,482nm), Zn (213,857nm) e a secundária (252,744nm)e adjacente (248,325nm) do Fe. Exatidão e precisão foram avaliados pela análise de dois materiais de referência do Instituto Agronômico de Campipnas (IAC) e os...
The influence of the composition of differents foliar fertilizers referred by testify (T1), phosphite (T2), micronutrients (T3), phosphite + micronutrients (T4), biostimulant (T5), phosphite +biostimulant (T6), micronutrients+biostimulant (T7), phosphite +biostimulant +micronutrients (T8) was evaluated on nutrition and yield of 2007/2008 sugarcane crop. New analytical methodologies were developed for multielement determinations of Cu, Fe, Mn and Sn in soil extract and Cu, Fe, Mn, Sn, Ca, K and Mg in sugarcane leaves by high-resolution continuum source flame atomic absorption spectrometry (HR-CS FAAs). The sdugarcane yield was evelluated by anaysis of Brix degree, total recoverabel sugars (TRS), sucros content and total stalk weight (TSW). The determination of micronutrients in soil were carried out using the main lines for Cu (324,754nm), MN(279,482nm), Zn (213,857nm) and the secondary (252,744nm) and adjacent (248,325nm) for Fe. Accuracy and precision were evalueted by analysis of two reference materials of the Agronomic Institute of Campinas (IAC) and the results were in agreement at a 95% confidence level. The... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Wiebeck, Hélio. "Adsorvente a partir de fuligem de bagaço de cana-de-açucar: obtenção e avaliação de desempenho." Universidade de São Paulo, 1993. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3137/tde-31082017-144006/.
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O trabalho apresenta a fuligem proveniente de queima de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar como um adsorvente e como matéria-prima alternativa na produção de adsorvente descorante. Atualmente, todas as industrias açucareiras, várias refinarias de açúcar e algumas industrias utilizam o bagaço de cana-de-açúcar como combustível de caldeira. Originando, nessa queima, uma quantidade razoável de um resíduo sólido, que e a fuligem. Foi obtido em escala de laboratório, uma fuligem suportada em uma matriz inorgânica de diatomito, bentônica e acido fosfórico. O sólido obtido foi ativado termicamente. Adsorventes foram caracterizados por: rendimento, ph, massa especifica, composição química elementar, porosidade e teor de umidade, cinzas, solúveis, insolúveis, voláteis. Foi também realizada uma avaliação de desempenho do adsorvente, por batelada (dispersão) e por processo continuo (coluna). Os resultados mostram que e viável a obtenção de um adsorvente de fuligem. Sendo o mesmo, similar ao carvão de ossos, em trabalhos de descoloramento de caldas de açúcar. A fuligem também apresenta um excelente poder de adsorção para fenol.The work presents the fly ash from sugar cane bagasse burning as na adsorbent and alternative material to the production of colour-materials adsorbent. Nowadays, all the sugar industries, many sugar refineries and some other industries use the sugar cane bagasse as a boiler fuel. From this burning an available amount of solid waste, called fly ash as produced. We obtained in laboratory scale, fly-ash supported in a diatomite, bentonite and phosphoric acid inorganic matrix. The solid obtained, was thermal activated. Adsorbents were characterized by: yield; pH; specific weight density; chemical elementar composition; porosity; humidity; ash; solubles; insoluble and volatiles content. It was also carried out on adsorbent performance evaluation by batch (dispersion) and continuous (column) processes. The results showed that it is possible to obtain a fly-ash adsorbent which works as similar as bone-chair, in discolouring sugar liquors. Fly-ash is also an excellent adsorbent for phenol.
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Raposo, Júnior Jorge Luiz. "A espectrometria de absorção atômica com diagnóstico nutricional foliar de cana-de-açúcar e na avaliação de fertilizantes foliares /." Araraquara, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105724.
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Orientador: José Anchieta Gomes NetoBanca: Massao Ionashiro
Banca: Fernando Gustavo Tonin
Banca: Marcia Andréia Mesquita Silva da Veiga
Banca: Ana Rita de Araújo Nogueira
Resumo: A influência da composição de diferentes fertilizantes foliares, designados por tertemunha (T1), fosfito(T2), micronutrientes(T3), fosfito+micronutrientes (T4), bioestimulantes(T5), fosfito+bioestimulante (T6), micronutrientes+bioestimulantne(T7), fosfito+micronutrientes+bioestimulante(T8), foi avaliada na nutrição e produtividade da cana-de açúcar da sfra de 2007/2008. Foram desenvolvidas novas metodologias analítica para determinações multielementares de Cu, Fe, MN e Zn em extrato de solo e Cu, Fe, Mn, Sn, Ca, K e Mg em folhas de cana-de-açúcar por espectrometria de absorção atômica em chama como rfo9nte contínua e de alta resolulção (HR-CS FAAs). A produtividade da caqna-de açucar foi avaliada por meio da análise do grau Brix, açucares totais recuperáveis (ATR), teor de sacarose, massa de colmos, e massa de colmos x ATR. As determinações de micronutrientes em solo foram feitas empregando as linhas atômicas principais de Cu (324,754nm), MN(279,482nm), Zn (213,857nm) e a secundária (252,744nm)e adjacente (248,325nm) do Fe. Exatidão e precisão foram avaliados pela análise de dois materiais de referência do Instituto Agronômico de Campipnas (IAC) e os... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The influence of the composition of differents foliar fertilizers referred by testify (T1), phosphite (T2), micronutrients (T3), phosphite + micronutrients (T4), biostimulant (T5), phosphite +biostimulant (T6), micronutrients+biostimulant (T7), phosphite +biostimulant +micronutrients (T8) was evaluated on nutrition and yield of 2007/2008 sugarcane crop. New analytical methodologies were developed for multielement determinations of Cu, Fe, Mn and Sn in soil extract and Cu, Fe, Mn, Sn, Ca, K and Mg in sugarcane leaves by high-resolution continuum source flame atomic absorption spectrometry (HR-CS FAAs). The sdugarcane yield was evelluated by anaysis of Brix degree, total recoverabel sugars (TRS), sucros content and total stalk weight (TSW). The determination of micronutrients in soil were carried out using the main lines for Cu (324,754nm), MN(279,482nm), Zn (213,857nm) and the secondary (252,744nm) and adjacent (248,325nm) for Fe. Accuracy and precision were evalueted by analysis of two reference materials of the Agronomic Institute of Campinas (IAC) and the results were in agreement at a 95% confidence level. The... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
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Oliver, Gossett Dunn. "A tribological study of arced sugar cane mill roll shells in Jamaica." Thesis, Brunel University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.275927.
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Franco, Fabiana Nicoleti. "Alguns parâmetros de desempenho operacional de um sistema de recolhimento de palhiço de cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum spp.) a granel." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11148/tde-11012005-134752/.
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O presente trabalho teve como objetivos estudar o desempenho operacional dos equipamentos utilizados num sistema de enleiramento e recolhimento de palhiço de cana-de-açúcar colhida mecanicamente, sem queima prévia. O experimento foi desenvolvido em área pertencente ao Grupo COSAN, Usina Costa Pinto. Foi adotado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado para avaliar os dois diferentes tratamentos adotados neste estudo. Com o intuito de facilitar o entendimento das variáveis consideradas, estas foram agrupadas em três capítulos. Foram consideradas as variáveis nas operações de enleiramento e recolhimento do palhiço: velocidade de trabalho, capacidade efetiva e operacional, consumo de combustível, eficiência de campo, produtividade e poder calorífico do material, palhiço recolhido e remanescente, massa específica e percentagem de terra no palhiço, energia disponível por hectare, eficácia de manipulação e custos do sistema. Pode-se concluir que a utilização dos diferentes enleiradores não influenciou de maneira significativa as características do palhiço recolhido, nem o desempenho operacional da recolhedora. O sistema de recolhimento a granel, sob o ponto de vista operacional, pode ser considerado como uma opção viável no manejo do palhiço de cana-de-açúcar, visando seu recolhimento e utilização na geração de energia.This work had as goal to study the operational performance of equipments used in an rowing and collecting system of the sugarcane trash of the crop harvested mechanically, without being previously burned. The experiment was developed in an area belonged to COSAN Group, Costa Pinto sugar mill. An experimental delineation entirely random was adopted to evaluate two different treatments adopted in this study. Aiming to ease the understanding of the considered variables, these were grouped in three chapters. The considered variables were: work speed, effective and operational capacities, fuel consumption, work efficiency, yield and heat power of the material, collected and remaining sugarcane trash, its density and the dust percentage in it, available energy per hectare, manipulation efficiency and system cost. It could be concluded that the use of different rowers did not affected in a significant manner the sugarcane trash features, nor the operational performance of the collecting machine. The barn collecting system, under the operational point of view, can be considered as an feasible way in the sugarcane trash management aiming its collecting and the use of it in energy generation process.
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Maeda, Fábio [UNESP]. "Influências do protocolo agroambiental do setor sucroalcooleiro na produção de açúcar, álcool e energia: estudo de caso em uma usina no interior do Estado de São Paulo." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/90580.
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maeda_f_me_botfca.pdf: 3159015 bytes, checksum: f10aa9aa6353f7f1890f18f0a9de08de (MD5)Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
O homem sempre se utilizou do fogo para a limpeza de terrenos. Com os canaviais não foi diferente. Até bem pouco tempo atrás, a queimada para a limpeza das plantações de cana era comumente utilizada para facilitar a colheita, mecânica ou manual, e aumentar seu rendimento. Mas essa prática gera uma série de problemas. Um exemplo são os efeitos nocivos à saúde humana, tais como doenças pulmonares, cardiovasculares e alguns tipos de câncer. A queimada também prejudica o meio ambiente devido, por exemplo, à emissão de poluentes atmosféricos (monóxido de carbono, hidrocarbonetos e material particulado) e de CO2eq, à emissão de gases do efeito estufa e à diminuição da fertilidade e estrutura dos solos. Visando a solução desses problemas, foi criada a Lei 11.241/2002, regulamentada pelo Decreto-lei 47.700/2003, e a posterior assinatura do Protocolo Agro-ambiental, que reduziu os prazos para a eliminação das queimadas como prática de preparo para a colheita da cana-deaçúcar, o que resultou em um grande impulso ao processo de mecanização. Tal processo tornou disponível uma grande quantidade de bagaço e palhiço da cana-de-açúcar, material aproveitável como matéria-prima da cogeração de energia nas usinas, havendo, a partir do ano de 2006, a necessidade de as usinas instalarem novas caldeiras mais eficientes, gerando mais energia e aumentando a produção de açúcar e de álcool. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar as influências da Lei 11.241/2002 e em particular do Protocolo Agroambiental, na produção de uma usina de açúcar, álcool e energia do Estado de São Paulo. A metodologia...
Man has always used fire for land cleaning. With the cane plantations it was not different. Until very recently, the fire for cleaning the cane plantations was commonly used to make easier the mechanical or manual harvest, and increase its income. But this practice generates a series of problems. An example would be the harmful effects to human health, such as lung diseases, heart disease and some kinds of cancer. The fire also damages the environment, for example, due to the emission of air pollutants (carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and articulated material) and due to CO2eq, the emission of greenhouse gases and the decrease of the fertility and soil structure. Aiming the solution of these problems, the Law number 11.241/2002, regulated by Law-Decree number 47.700/2003 was created, and the subsequent signing of the agri-environment protocol, which reduced the time for the elimination of burning as practical preparation for the harvest of sugar cane, which turned out in a great impulse to the mechanization process. This process has made available a large amount of sugar cane bagasse and trash, which are useful material as feedstock in the cogeneration of energy in power-plant. This way, since the year 2006 it was necessary for the industries to install more efficient boilers, generating more energy and increasing the production of sugar and alcohol. The objective of this study was to analyze the influences of Law 11.241/2002 and to participate in the Agro-environmental Protocol, the production of sugar, alcohol and energy of the State of São Paulo. The methodology of this study was based on technical and administrative data of a sugar cane windmill plant of the State of São Paulo country, such as data requested for the Sustainable Development Department of the Secretary of State for the Environment... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Silva, Ana Paula Dias da [UNESP]. "Caracterização de metabólitos não voláteis da cana-de-açúcar." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97965.
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O Brasil é atualmente o maior produtor mundial de cana-de-açúcar. O seu cultivo ocupa cerca de 8 milhões de hectares e apresenta duas safras anuais, o que garante a produção de açúcar e etanol para os mercados interno e externo, sendo assim uma cultura de grande interesse econômico para o país. Baseando-se na necessidade de uma avaliação sistemática do metabolismo primário e secundário da cana-de-açúcar, visando à obtenção de um perfil metabólico detalhado de vários cultivares e a construção de um banco de dados metabólicos desta espécie, este projeto de mestrado teve como objetivo caracterizar os metabólitos não voláteis presentes em amostras de extratos de cana-de-açúcar, usando técnicas de cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE) e cromatografia gasosa (CG), acopladas a métodos espectrométricos de alto desempenho (DAD e EM), padrões comerciais e análises por RMN off line. As estratégias utilizadas consistiram na partição do extrato hidroalcoólico de folhas de cana-de-açúcar por extração líquido-líquido e posteriormente fracionamento por extração em fase sólida C18, obtendo-se frações de menor complexidade. As frações obtidas foram analisadas por RMN, CLAE-DAD-EM, CLAE-EM/EM e CG-EM. A análises por CLAE-DAD-EM e CLAE-IES-EM/EM possibilitaram a identificação de duas séries de isômeros de posição de ácidos clorogênicos (ácido 3-cafeoilquínico, ácido 4-cafeoilquínico e ácido 5- cafeoilquínico; ácido 3-feruloilquínico, ácido 4-feruloilquínico e ácido 5- feruloilquínico) e de cinco flavonóides glicosilados (orientina, vitexina, diosmetina-8-C-glicosídeo, tricina 4’-O-(eritro ou treo)-guaiacilgliceril éter-7-Oglucopiranosídeo e swertisina). Estas técnicas mostraram-se eficientes ferramentas na identificação de substâncias em misturas e os experimentos de...
Brazil is currently the largest producer of sugarcane. Its cultivation occupies about 8 million hectares and has two harvests per year, which ensures that Brazil produces sugar and ethanol to the domestic and foreign markets. Therefore, this is a crop of great economic interest for the country. Based on the need for a systematic evaluation of primary and secondary metabolism of sugarcane in order to obtain a comprehensive metabolic profile of sugarcane cultivars and building a metabolic database of this species, this project has as objective to characterize the non-volatile metabolites present in samples of extracts from cane sugar leaves, using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC) hifenated with spectroscopic methods (DAD and MS), trading standards and off-line analysis by NMR. The strategies used included the liquid-liquid partition of hydroalcoholic extract from leaves and subsequent fractionation by solid phase extraction on C18, to obtain fractions with lower complexity. The fractions were analyzed by NMR, HPLC-DAD-MS, GC-MS and HPLC-MS/MS. The analysis by HPLC-DAD-MS and HPLC--MS/MS allowed the identification of two sets of position isomers of chlorogenic acid (3-caffeoylquinic acid, 4-caffeoylquinic acid and 5-caffeoylquinic acid; 3-feruloylquinic acid, 4-feruloylquinic acid and 5- feruloylquinic acid) and five flavonoid glycosides (orientin, vitexin, diosmetin-8- C-glucoside, tricin 4'-O-(erythro or threo guaiacylglyceryl) ether-7-Oglucopyranoside and swertisin). These techniques are an effective tool to identify substances in mixtures and the experiments of MS² and EPI (product ion spectrum) were very important to confirm these identifications. The GC-MS experiments resulted in the identification of metabolites present in the 61 fractions analyzed, and especially... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Carvalho, Juliana Mariano [UNESP]. "Tempo de decomposição de palha e contribuição na nutrição da cana-de- açúcar em função da aplicação de vinhaça e gesso." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98780.
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A área de produção de cana-de-açúcar submetida à colheita sem despalha a fogo vem aumentando consideravelmente no Brasil. No sistema de colheita crua, as folhas secas, os ponteiros e as folhas verdes são cortados e lançados sobre a superfície do solo, formando uma cobertura morta que pode modificar o ambiente em vários aspectos, tanto do solo como do ambiente. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o tempo de decomposição da palha e a contribuição desta na nutrição da cana-de-açúcar, as alterações na fertilidade do solo e na produtividade e qualidade tecnológica da cana soca (2o ciclo) em função da aplicação ou não de doses de vinhaça e gesso, em um Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo distrófico de textura média. O trabalho foi desenvolvido na Usina Vale do Paraná, Suzanapólis/SP, em um Latossolo vermelho Amarelo que foi caracterizado inicialmente quanto sua fertilidade nas profundidades de 0 - 0,20, 0,20 - 0,40 e 0,40 - 0,60 m. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, em esquema fatorial 2 x 3, ou seja, com e sem a aplicação de gesso a lanço em cobertura (após a colheita da cana e sem incorporação na dose de 1000 kg ha-1) e três doses de vinhaça (sem aplicação, 100 e 200 m3 ha-1). A decomposição da palha foi avaliada pelo método do Litter Bag (0,16 m2), aos 30, 90, 180, 270 e 360 dias após a aplicação dos tratamentos. Com o objetivo de caracterizar o solo após a decomposição da palha da cana e aplicação dos tratamentos foram efetuados amostragens do solo para obtenção do levantamento da situação da sua fertilidade nas camadas de 0 - 0,20 e 0,20 - 0,40 m e 0,40 - 0,60 m aos 180 e 360 dias após a aplicação da vinhaça. No momento da colheita da cana-soca em outubro de 2010, foi colhida a área útil de cada parcela e avaliados...
The production area of sugarcane subjected to non-firing straw harvesting is growing up substantially in Brazil. In the sugarcane harvest system without residue burning, dried leaves, stem tips, and green leaves are cut and are thrown over the surface of the soil, creating a straw mulch layer. The objective of the study was to evaluate the duration of straw decomposition and the contribution of its to the sugarcane nutrition, the changes on soil fertility, culms productivity and the sugar cane ratoon (2nd cycle) technological quality due to the use/application of vinasse and gypsum. The work was developed at the Vale do Paraná Mill, Suzanápolis, State of São Paulo, in a Yellow Red Oxisol, which soil had the fertility and (in deep of 0-0.20, 0.20-0.40 and 0.40-0.60 m) initially evaluated. The experiment has used four replication in a randomized blocks design using a factorial scheme 2 x 3, in other words, with e without gypsum, without incorporation (1000 kg ha-1) and it has used 3 doses of vinasse (without application, 100 e 200 m3 ha-1). The straw decomposition was evaluated by Litter Bag method (0.16 m2) during 30, 90, 180, 270 and 360 days after the treatment application (DAAV). Aiming to characterize the soil after the straw decomposed and of agricultural treatment application mentioned above, it has been done the soil fertility analysis at the same layers initially analyzed 180 days to 360 (DAAV). In the moment of sugar cane ratoon has harvested, in october 2010, it was evaluated the useful area of each plot and it was evaluated the components of the production: the production components of the number of culms, from which ones it has been determined the yield of culms per hectare (TCH) and the technological quality of sugar cane. The gypsum application and the vinasse, at the dosage of 100 m3 ha-1, increased... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Araldi, Rosilaine [UNESP]. "Avaliação do controle de azevém (Lolium multiflorum) nas condições de cana crua em Louisiana/EUA e dinâmica dos herbicidas na palha." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100026.
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000757743.pdf: 4041576 bytes, checksum: 0f25cac829cd57c145c0ed6b1075b9ca (MD5)Em Louisiana, historicamente, o resíduo de cana-de-açúcar obtido com a colheita mecânica tem sido removido pela queimada, mas preocupações ambientais e sociais sobre a queima têm conduzido à necessidade de alternativas econômicas para o manejo dessas palhada. O manejo de plantas daninhas nessas áreas apresenta mudanças significativas, visto que uma espessa camada de palha variando de 10 a 30 t ha-1 pode ser deixada no solo. Os herbicidas aplicados em pré-emergência, que deveriam chegar até a superfície do solo são interceptados pela palhada ficando o produto retido mais exposto às possíveis perdas. Dessa forma, o objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a interação entre diferentes quantidades de palha de cana-de-açúcar e herbicidas, no controle de azevém (Lolium multiflorum) em Louisiana/USA, bem como verificar a transposição dos herbicidas atrazine, pendimethalin, metribuzin, clomazone, diuron e hexazinone em palha. O estudo foi conduzido em dois experimentos. O primeiro foi realizado na estação experimental de cana-de-açúcar da Louisiana State University, localizada em Saint Gabriel/Louisiana, nos Estados Unidos no período de novembro de 2012 a abril de 2013, em que se estudou o efeito dos herbicidas atrazine, pendimethalin, metribuzin, clomazone+diuron e hexazinone+diuron em condições de 0, 9, 18 e 27 t ha-1 de 2 palha de cana-de-açúcar deixada no solo. O segundo experimento foi desenvolvido nas condições do Núcleo de Pesquisas Avançadas em Matologia pertencente à UNESP Campus de Botucatu/SP, como um complemento ao experimento anterior, e o foco do estudo foi à transposição dos mesmos herbicidas em 10 t ha-1 de palha de cana-de-açúcar. Verificou se que a infestação de azevém foi gradativamente reduzida com o aumento na quantidade de palha de cana-de-açúcar deixadas na superfície do solo e os melhores tratamentos herbicidas foram metribuzin, clomazone+diuron...
In Louisiana, historically, the sugarcane residue obtained with mechanical harvesting has been removed by burning, but environmental and social concerns about burning have led to the need for economic alternatives for the management of these straw. The weed management in these areas presents significant changes, considering that a thick layer of straw from 10 to 30 t ha-1 can be left on the ground. And the herbicides applied in pre-emergence on these mulches, which should reach the soil surface are intercepted by straw getting the product more exposed to possible losses like photo degradation, volatilization and/or hydrolysis, thus not reaching the ground. So, the aim of this study was to evaluate the interaction between different amounts of sugarcane straw and herbicide to control of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) in Louisiana/USA, as well as verify the transposition of the herbicides atrazine, pendimethalin, metribuzin, clomazone, diuron and hexazinone in straw. The study was conducted in two experiments. The first was conducted at the sugarcane experimental station of the Louisiana State University located in Saint Gabriel from November 2012 to April 2013 and the effect of atrazine, pendimethalin, metribuzin, clomazone+diuron, hexazinone+diuron were evaluated in conditions of 0, 9, 18 and 27 t ha-1 of sugarcane straw left in the soil. The second experiment was conducted under the conditions of the Advanced Research Center ...
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Silva, Ana Paula Dias da. "Caracterização de metabólitos não voláteis da cana-de-açúcar /." Araraquara, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97965.
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Orientador: Alberto José CavalheiroBanca: Luiz Alberto Beraldo de Moraes
Banca: Janete Harumi Yariwake
Resumo: O Brasil é atualmente o maior produtor mundial de cana-de-açúcar. O seu cultivo ocupa cerca de 8 milhões de hectares e apresenta duas safras anuais, o que garante a produção de açúcar e etanol para os mercados interno e externo, sendo assim uma cultura de grande interesse econômico para o país. Baseando-se na necessidade de uma avaliação sistemática do metabolismo primário e secundário da cana-de-açúcar, visando à obtenção de um perfil metabólico detalhado de vários cultivares e a construção de um banco de dados metabólicos desta espécie, este projeto de mestrado teve como objetivo caracterizar os metabólitos não voláteis presentes em amostras de extratos de cana-de-açúcar, usando técnicas de cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE) e cromatografia gasosa (CG), acopladas a métodos espectrométricos de alto desempenho (DAD e EM), padrões comerciais e análises por RMN off line. As estratégias utilizadas consistiram na partição do extrato hidroalcoólico de folhas de cana-de-açúcar por extração líquido-líquido e posteriormente fracionamento por extração em fase sólida C18, obtendo-se frações de menor complexidade. As frações obtidas foram analisadas por RMN, CLAE-DAD-EM, CLAE-EM/EM e CG-EM. A análises por CLAE-DAD-EM e CLAE-IES-EM/EM possibilitaram a identificação de duas séries de isômeros de posição de ácidos clorogênicos (ácido 3-cafeoilquínico, ácido 4-cafeoilquínico e ácido 5- cafeoilquínico; ácido 3-feruloilquínico, ácido 4-feruloilquínico e ácido 5- feruloilquínico) e de cinco flavonóides glicosilados (orientina, vitexina, diosmetina-8-C-glicosídeo, tricina 4'-O-(eritro ou treo)-guaiacilgliceril éter-7-Oglucopiranosídeo e swertisina). Estas técnicas mostraram-se eficientes ferramentas na identificação de substâncias em misturas e os experimentos de... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Brazil is currently the largest producer of sugarcane. Its cultivation occupies about 8 million hectares and has two harvests per year, which ensures that Brazil produces sugar and ethanol to the domestic and foreign markets. Therefore, this is a crop of great economic interest for the country. Based on the need for a systematic evaluation of primary and secondary metabolism of sugarcane in order to obtain a comprehensive metabolic profile of sugarcane cultivars and building a metabolic database of this species, this project has as objective to characterize the non-volatile metabolites present in samples of extracts from cane sugar leaves, using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC) hifenated with spectroscopic methods (DAD and MS), trading standards and off-line analysis by NMR. The strategies used included the liquid-liquid partition of hydroalcoholic extract from leaves and subsequent fractionation by solid phase extraction on C18, to obtain fractions with lower complexity. The fractions were analyzed by NMR, HPLC-DAD-MS, GC-MS and HPLC-MS/MS. The analysis by HPLC-DAD-MS and HPLC--MS/MS allowed the identification of two sets of position isomers of chlorogenic acid (3-caffeoylquinic acid, 4-caffeoylquinic acid and 5-caffeoylquinic acid; 3-feruloylquinic acid, 4-feruloylquinic acid and 5- feruloylquinic acid) and five flavonoid glycosides (orientin, vitexin, diosmetin-8- C-glucoside, tricin 4'-O-(erythro or threo guaiacylglyceryl) ether-7-Oglucopyranoside and swertisin). These techniques are an effective tool to identify substances in mixtures and the experiments of MS² and EPI (product ion spectrum) were very important to confirm these identifications. The GC-MS experiments resulted in the identification of metabolites present in the 61 fractions analyzed, and especially... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Ganeshan, Seelavarn. "Biology, economic importance and management of sugar cane armyworms (Mythimna spp.) in Mauritius." Thesis, University of London, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.417367.
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Milan, M. "Improving operational management of harvest, transport and mechanization for sugar cane in Brazil." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.282463.
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Palupe, Anthony. "Development of molecular tools for the improvement of transgene expression in sugar cane." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2015. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/90043/1/Anthony_Palupe_Thesis.pdf.
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Biotechnology has the potential to improve sugar cane, one of the world's major crops for food and fuel. This research describes the detailed characterisation of introns and their potential for enhancing transgene expression in sugar cane via intron-mediated enhancement (IME). IME is a phenomenon whereby an intron enhances gene expression from a promoter. Current knowledge on the mechanism of IME or its potential for enhancing gene expression in sugar cane is limited. A better understanding of the factors responsible for IME will help develop new molecular tools that facilitate high levels of constitutive and tissue-specific gene expression in this crop.
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Kumarasinghe, Nimal Chandrakantha. "Host plant resistance in sugarcane Saccharum officinarum to the lophophid planthopper Pyrilla perpusilla Walker (Homoptera: Lophopidae)." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295250.
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Filho, Josà de Souza Oliveira. "Phosphorus dynamics and organic matter in quartzipsamment cultivated with sugar cane harvested without burning." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2012. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8135.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorNa cultura da cana-de-aÃÃcar, por razÃes econÃmicas e ambientais, a queima da palhada, feita para facilitar a colheita e o transporte, vem sendo substituÃda pela colheita mecanizada. Sabe-se que a manutenÃÃo da palhada sobre o solo influencia a dinÃmica da Ãgua, nutrientes e matÃria orgÃnica, mas seus efeitos ainda nÃo sÃo suficientemente conhecidos. Nesse contexto, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito do manejo do solo cultivado com cana-de-aÃÃcar sem a queima prÃvia do canavial para a colheita, comparado com a mata nativa, sobre a matÃria orgÃnica do solo e, por consequÃncia, os efeitos desta sobre o fÃsforo do solo. Para tanto, foram determinados, nas profundidades de 0 â 2,5, 2,5 â 5, 5 â 10 , 10 â 20 e 20 â 30 cm, os teores de carbono orgÃnico total (COT) e particulado (COP) e seus respectivos estoques (EstCOT e EstCOP), a matÃria orgÃnica leve (MOL), fracionada pelo mÃtodo da flotaÃÃo em Ãgua, as concentraÃÃes de fÃsforo orgÃnico e inorgÃnico obtidas atravÃs da extraÃÃo sequencial proposta por Hedley et al.(1982) com modificaÃÃes e a capacidade mÃxima de adsorÃÃo de fÃsforo do solo (CMAP). As amostras de solo para as anÃlises foram coletadas de uma Ãrea sob cultivo de cana-de-aÃÃcar e de uma Ãrea contÃgua sob vegetaÃÃo nativa, ambas localizadas no municÃpio de Paraipaba â CE. Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos à anÃlise de variÃncia e comparados entre si pelo Teste de Tukey (p< 0,05) utilizando-se para tanto, o programa estatÃstico Assistat. Os maiores teores de COT e COP foram encontrados na primeira camada da Ãrea de mata. Em profundidade, os teores de COP na Ãrea de cana foram superiores. O EstCOT foi superior na Ãrea de mata, no entanto, o EstCOP foi superior na Ãrea sob cultivo de cana. As maiores concentraÃÃes de MOL foram encontradas nas primeiras camadas da Ãrea cultivada, nÃo diferindo da Ãrea de mata em profundidade. A concentraÃÃo de fÃsforo orgÃnico foi superior a concentraÃÃo de fÃsforo inorgÃnico nas duas Ãreas. Entre as fraÃÃes orgÃnicas obtidas pelo fracionamento de Hedley, a fraÃÃo orgÃnica bicarbonato (Po bic) foi a que obteve maior proporÃÃo em relaÃÃo ao fÃsforo total do solo. Dentre as fraÃÃes inorgÃnicas, a fraÃÃo inorgÃnica hidrÃxido 0,1 (Pi hid 0,1) apresentou-se em maiores concentraÃÃes que as demais. O maior valor de CMAP foi obtido na ultima camada da Ãrea de mata e o menor valor encontrado na primeira camada da Ãrea cultivada. Observou-se correlaÃÃo negativa entre os valores de COP e MOL com os valores de CMAP na Ãrea sob cultivo. Os maiores valores de CMAP foram encontrados nas camadas com menores concentraÃÃes de COP e MOL. Essa tendÃncia nÃo foi observada na Ãrea de mata. No geral, na ultima camada avaliada (20 â 30 cm), nÃo se observou diferenÃas significativas para as caracterÃsticas avaliadas entre as duas Ãreas. Nessa profundidade, a influÃncia do sistema de manejo à mÃnima.
Considering the sugar cane crop, for economic and environmental reasons, the burning of straw, used to facilitate the crop harvest and transportation, has been replaced by mechanical harvesting. It is known that the maintenance of straw on the soil influences the dynamics of water, nutrients and organic matter, but its effects are not yet sufficiently known. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of soil management cultivated with sugar cane without burning the plants prior to harvest, compared with the soil under native forest, on soil organic matter and, consequently, the effect on the phosphorus in the soil profile. To do so, it was determined, at depths from 0 - 2.5, 2.5 - 5, 5-10, 10-20 and 20 - 30 cm, the concentrations of the total organic carbon (TOC) and the particulate organic carbon (POC), as well as their accumulated amounts (EstCOT and EstCOP), light organic matter (LOM), which was fractionated by the method of flotation in water, concentrations of organic and inorganic phosphorus, obtained by sequential extraction proposed by Hedley et al. (1982) with modifications, and soil P maximum adsorption capacity (PMAC). Soil samples for analysis were collected from an area under cultivation of sugar cane and from a contiguous soil area under native vegetation, both located in the municipality of Paraipaba - CE. The results were subjected to analysis of variance and compared by Tukey test (p <0.05), using, for this purpose, the statistical program Assistat. The highest TOC and POC were found in the first soil layer of the forest area. At depth, the concentrations of COP in the area of sugar cane crop were higher. The EstCOT was higher in the forest, however, it was also higher in EstCOP in the area under sugar cane cultivation. The highest concentrations of MOL were found in the first soil layers of the sugar cane cultivated area, but not differing from the soil forest area in depth. The concentration of organic phosphorus was higher than the concentration of inorganic phosphorus in the two areas. Among the organic fractions, obtained by fractionation of Hedley method, the organic bicarbonate fraction P (bic Po) was proportionally the highest one present in the total soil phosphorus. Among the inorganic, the 0.1 hydroxide inorganic P fraction (Pi hid 0.1) appeared in higher concentrations than the others. The highest value of PMAC was obtained in the deepest soil layer of the forest area and the lowest PMAC value was found in the first soil layer of the sugar cane cultivated area. There was negative correlation between the values of both COP and MOL with CMAP values in the area under cane cultivation. The highest values of CMAP were found in layers with lower concentrations of COP and MOL. This trend was not observed in the forested area. Considering the deepest soil layer evaluated (20-30 cm) for the two soil areas, it was found no significant differences for the evaluated characteristics between the two areas. At this soil layer, the influence of the management system was almost null.
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Silva, José Luiz da [UNESP]. "Detecção eletroquímica de furfural e hidroximetilfurfural em bagaço de cana-de-açúcar utilizando cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97825.
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000721744.pdf: 1534752 bytes, checksum: 67887fb467896eb723f012660c11e5cb (MD5)O furfural e o hidroximetilfurfural (HMF) presentes no bagaço da cana-de-açúcar influenciam fortemente o processo de hidrólise desta biomassa, comprometendo a eficiência da produção de etanol de segunda geração por serem inibidores da fermentação dos açúcares, diminuindo a produção de álcool. Neste trabalho foram desenvolvidos eletrodos de carbono vítreo modificados com nanopartículas de níquel (GC/NiNPs) para determinação de furfural e HMF por técnicas eletroanalíticas. As condições otimizadas para obter as nanopartículas de níquel (NiNPs) foram o pH da solução de sulfato de níquel, potencial de eletrodeposição do metal, tempo de eletrodeposição e a concentração do sulfato de níquel. O eletrodo de GC/NiNPs foi caracterizado por microscopia eletrônica de varredura e espectroscopia de energia dispersiva. Furfural e HMF foram caracterizados por voltametria cíclica com os eletrodos de carbono vítreo e GC/NiNPs em meio básico. O método foi desenvolvido com o eletrodo GC/NiNPs por técnicas voltametricas de varredura linear (LSV), onda quadrada (SWV) e pulso diferencial (DPV), e cromatografia liquida de alta eficiência com detecção amperométrica pulsada (HPLC-PAD). As condições: tampão fosfato pH (6,5), potencial de redução -1,3 V, tempo de eletrodeposição de 30 s e concentração de sulfato de níquel 5 x 10-3 mol L-1 representam apresentaram as melhores características de formação das NiNPs e atividade eletroquímica para furfural e HMF. O método de análise desenvolvido para furfural com o eletrodo GC/NiNPs utilizando LSV, SWV e PDV apresentou os seguintes valores: limite de detecção (LOD) 4,9 x 10-5, 6,9 x 10-6 e 2,5 x 10-6 mol L-1, limite de quantificação (LOQ) 1,5 x 10-4, 2,1 x 10-5 e 7,5 x 10-6 mol L-1, e sensibilidade...
The furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) present in the cane-sugar strongly influence the hydrolysis process this biomass, reducing the efficiency of the production of second generation ethanol to be inhibitors of sugar fermentation, decreasing the production of alcohol. In this work ware developed glassy carbon electrode (GC) modified with nickel nanoparticles (GC/NiNPs) for determination of furfural and HMF by electroanalytical techniques. The optimized conditions for nickel nanoparticles (NiNPs) were the pH of the solution nickel sulfate, metal electrodeposition potential, electrodeposition time and concentration of nickel sulphate. The electrode GC/NiNPs was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. Furfural and HMF were characterized by cyclic voltammetry with electrodes GC and GC/NiNPs in basic medium. The method was developed with the electrode GC/NiNPs by techniques for linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), square wave voltammetry (SWV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and high performance liquid chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPLC-PAD). Conditions: phosphate buffer pH (6.5), reduction potential of -1.3 V, electrodeposition time of 30 s and nickel sulfate concentration of 5 x 10-3 mol L-1 presented the best features to formation of NiNPs and electrochemical activity for furfural and HMF. The analysis method developed for the analysis of furfural with the electrode GC/NiNPs using LSV, SWV and PDV presented the following values: limit of detection (LOD) 4.9 x 10-5, 6.9 x 10-6 and 2.5 x 10-6 mol L-1, limit of quantification (LOQ) 1.5 x 10-4, 2.1 x 10-5 and 7.5 x 10-6 mol L-1, and amperometric sensitivity -15.7 x 10-3, -23.8 x 10-3 and -14.0 x 10-3 A / mol L-1, respectively. The recovery methods ware 97.7 ± 0.62, 103.7 ± 4.20 and 99.1 ± 3.69, and in the acid... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Silva, José Luiz da. "Detecção eletroquímica de furfural e hidroximetilfurfural em bagaço de cana-de-açúcar utilizando cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência /." Araraquara, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97825.
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Orientador: Nelson Ramos StradiottoBanca: Antonio Rogerio Fiorucci
Banca: Rodrigo Alejandro Abarza Muñoz
Resumo: O furfural e o hidroximetilfurfural (HMF) presentes no bagaço da cana-de-açúcar influenciam fortemente o processo de hidrólise desta biomassa, comprometendo a eficiência da produção de etanol de segunda geração por serem inibidores da fermentação dos açúcares, diminuindo a produção de álcool. Neste trabalho foram desenvolvidos eletrodos de carbono vítreo modificados com nanopartículas de níquel (GC/NiNPs) para determinação de furfural e HMF por técnicas eletroanalíticas. As condições otimizadas para obter as nanopartículas de níquel (NiNPs) foram o pH da solução de sulfato de níquel, potencial de eletrodeposição do metal, tempo de eletrodeposição e a concentração do sulfato de níquel. O eletrodo de GC/NiNPs foi caracterizado por microscopia eletrônica de varredura e espectroscopia de energia dispersiva. Furfural e HMF foram caracterizados por voltametria cíclica com os eletrodos de carbono vítreo e GC/NiNPs em meio básico. O método foi desenvolvido com o eletrodo GC/NiNPs por técnicas voltametricas de varredura linear (LSV), onda quadrada (SWV) e pulso diferencial (DPV), e cromatografia liquida de alta eficiência com detecção amperométrica pulsada (HPLC-PAD). As condições: tampão fosfato pH (6,5), potencial de redução -1,3 V, tempo de eletrodeposição de 30 s e concentração de sulfato de níquel 5 x 10-3 mol L-1 representam apresentaram as melhores características de formação das NiNPs e atividade eletroquímica para furfural e HMF. O método de análise desenvolvido para furfural com o eletrodo GC/NiNPs utilizando LSV, SWV e PDV apresentou os seguintes valores: limite de detecção (LOD) 4,9 x 10-5, 6,9 x 10-6 e 2,5 x 10-6 mol L-1, limite de quantificação (LOQ) 1,5 x 10-4, 2,1 x 10-5 e 7,5 x 10-6 mol L-1, e sensibilidade... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) present in the cane-sugar strongly influence the hydrolysis process this biomass, reducing the efficiency of the production of second generation ethanol to be inhibitors of sugar fermentation, decreasing the production of alcohol. In this work ware developed glassy carbon electrode (GC) modified with nickel nanoparticles (GC/NiNPs) for determination of furfural and HMF by electroanalytical techniques. The optimized conditions for nickel nanoparticles (NiNPs) were the pH of the solution nickel sulfate, metal electrodeposition potential, electrodeposition time and concentration of nickel sulphate. The electrode GC/NiNPs was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. Furfural and HMF were characterized by cyclic voltammetry with electrodes GC and GC/NiNPs in basic medium. The method was developed with the electrode GC/NiNPs by techniques for linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), square wave voltammetry (SWV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and high performance liquid chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPLC-PAD). Conditions: phosphate buffer pH (6.5), reduction potential of -1.3 V, electrodeposition time of 30 s and nickel sulfate concentration of 5 x 10-3 mol L-1 presented the best features to formation of NiNPs and electrochemical activity for furfural and HMF. The analysis method developed for the analysis of furfural with the electrode GC/NiNPs using LSV, SWV and PDV presented the following values: limit of detection (LOD) 4.9 x 10-5, 6.9 x 10-6 and 2.5 x 10-6 mol L-1, limit of quantification (LOQ) 1.5 x 10-4, 2.1 x 10-5 and 7.5 x 10-6 mol L-1, and amperometric sensitivity -15.7 x 10-3, -23.8 x 10-3 and -14.0 x 10-3 A / mol L-1, respectively. The recovery methods ware 97.7 ± 0.62, 103.7 ± 4.20 and 99.1 ± 3.69, and in the acid... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Rhein, Andressa Freitas de Lima [UNESP]. "Produtividade e qualidade da cana-de-açúcar sob doses de nitrogênio via fertirrigação subsuperficial por gotejamento." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100015.
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rhein_afl_dr_botfca.pdf: 830132 bytes, checksum: b9fe77801a6875319c93d6446f42f09c (MD5)A cana-de-açúcar, Saccharum spp., destaca-se como uma das melhores opções de fonte de energia renovável, justificando-se como importante cultivo no Brasil e no mundo. A disponibilidade hídrica do solo e a adubação nitrogenada constituemse em importantes fatores que influenciam a produção da cana-de-açúcar. No presente trabalho caracterizou-se os atributos biométricos e fisiológicos, a qualidade tecnológica e a produtividade da cultivar SP80-3280 de cana-de-açúcar sob doses de nitrogênio aplicadas via fertirrigação subsuperficial por gotejamento. Para tanto, foram estabelecidos cinco tratamentos de N-fertilizante, na forma de ureia, (0, 50, 100, 150 e 200 kg N ha-1), com quatro repetições, aplicados via fertirrigação por gotejamento subsuperficial. Aos 38, 121, 208, 291 e 381 dias após o terceiro corte (DAC) foram determinados os atributos biométricos (Altura das Plantas; Diâmetro dos Colmos; Número de Perfilhos; Número de Folhas Verdes e Secas por Colmo) e fisiológicos (Índice SPAD; Máxima Eficiência Fotoquímica do Fotossistema II; Índice de Área Foliar; Conteúdos de Clorofilas a, b e Total (a+b); Razão Clorofila a/b e Conteúdo dos Pigmentos Carotenóides). A determinação dos atributos tecnológicos (Teor de Sacarose; Teor de Sólidos Solúveis; Açúcares Totais Recuperáveis; Teor de Fibra Industrial; Pureza Aparente do Caldo), bem como a Produtividade de Colmos e de Açúcar foi realizada aos 381 DAC. Para os atributos biométricos e fisiológicos o delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 5x5, constituindo-se dos fatores doses de nitrogênio (0, 50, 100, 150 e 200 kg N ha-1) e épocas de avaliação (38, 121, 208, 291 e 381 DAC), com quatro repetições. Para a qualidade tecnológica e a produtividade o delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso...
Sugarcane, Saccharum spp., stands out as one of the best renewable energy source options, justifying its importance as crop in Brazil and in the world. The water availability in the soil and the nitrogen fertilizer are important factors influencing the sugarcane yield. In the present work was characterized the biometric and physiological attributes, technological quality and productivity of the sugarcane cultivar SP80-3280 under nitrogen doses applied via subsurface drip fertigation. To this end, five treatments were established of N-fertilizer in the urea form (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg N ha-1), with four replicates, applied via subsurface drip fertigation. At 38, 121, 208, 291 and 381 days after the third cut (DAC) were determined biometric (Height of Plants; Diameter of Stalk; Number of Tillers; Number of Green and Dead Leaves per Stalk) and physiological attributes (SPAD Index; Maximum Photochemical Efficiency of Photosystem II; Leaf Area Index; Content of Chlorophylls a, b and Total (a+b); Chlorophyll a/b and Content of Carotenoids Pigments). The technological attributes (Sucrose Content; Soluble Solids Content; Total Recoverable Sugar; Industrial Fiber Content; Apparent Purity of Juice), as well as Productivity of Stalk and Sugar was determined at 381 DAC. The experimental design used for the biometric and physiological attributes was randomized blocks in a 5x5 factorial scheme, constituted by nitrogen doses (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg N ha-1) and evaluation times (38, 121, 208, 291 and 381 DAC), with four replicates. The experimental design for the technological quality and productivity was randomized blocks in function of the nitrogen doses, with four replicates. The biometric and physiological attributes, as well as the technological quality, of the sugarcane cultivar SP80-3280 were changed by the application o... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Masiero, Fabrício Campos [UNESP]. "Produtividade e compactação do solo em diferentes ciclos anuais da cultura de cana-de-açúcar." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/101816.
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000751317.pdf: 2295522 bytes, checksum: dfbdb4baaf524dd1072d3b727bbbcf97 (MD5)A mecanização praticada para a produção da cana-de-açúcar envolve um tráfego pesado de máquinas e equipamentos. Estudar a cultura no seu ambiente de desenvolvimento gera uma enorme quantidade de informações para adequar os melhores manejos para os específicos ambientes. Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a compactação do solo em relação a sequência anual de produção da cultura de cana-de-açúcar em dois tipos de solo e em diferentes locais de coleta de resistência do solo à penetração, nas entre linhas da cultura ou áreas reservadas ao tráfego de máquinas e nas linhas de plantio da cultura. Foram avaliadas durante três cortes subsequentes em oito diferentes áreas produtivas de cana-de-açúcar localizadas na região de Lençóis Paulista - SP. Foram também coletados dados de peso específico aparente, teor de água no solo e realizado o ensaio de Proctor. Para a amostragem do solo utilizou-se a Unidade Móvel de Amostragem do Solo - UMAS. A grade amostral utilizada foi de 30 x 50 m, onde foram coletadas 10 amostras de resistência do solo à penetração em forma de transepto (perpendicular a linha da cultura) em cada ponto da grade amostral. Em cada área, foram coletadas 8 amostras indeformadas de solo para determinação do peso específico aparente e teor de água. Os dados foram testados pela análise de variância e as médias foram comparadas pelo teste Tukey a 5% de probabilidade.
Mechanization currently practiced for the sugar cane production involves a heavy machinery and equipment traffic. To study the culture in your development environment generates a huge amount of information to fit the best managements and varieties for specific environments. This work was conducted with the objective of evaluating the soil physical degradation in relation the annual sequence of sugar cane production, in two soil types and at different data point sites collections of resistance to penetration (RP) in points between rows of the crop or reserved areas to machinery traffic and at the planting crop lines being subsequently calculated the Soil Cone Index (CI) in depth ranges of: 0-10, 10-20 , 20-30, 30-40 and 40-50 cm. Were evaluated during three subsequent crops, eight different sugar cane production areas belonging to the Barra Grande plant, of the Zilor group and available to partners, located in the region of Lençóis Paulista – São Paulo state. Data were also collected soil density, soil moisture and performed the Proctor test. For soil sampling it was used the the Mobile Unit of Soil Sampling - UMAS, belonging to the Agricultural and Forestry Machines and Tires Test Nucleus - NEMPA, of Agricultural Engineering Department, College of Agronomic Sciences, São Paulo State University – FCA/UNESP, Botucatu city. The sampling grid used was 30 x 50 m collected 10 samples of soil penetration resistance to shaped transept (perpendicular to the crop rows) at each grid point sampling. In each area, were collected 8 intact soil samples to 4 determine the soil density and moisture. Data were tested by analysis of variance and means were compared by Tukey test at 5 % probability. It was observed that annually there was a statistically significant increase of soil compaction and, higher intensity in the traffic lines and superficial soil layers (from 0 to 10, 10 to 20 and 20 to 30 cm) ...
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Monteiro, Manuel Francisco Fortes. "Segurança alimentar em Cabo Verde. Estudo de caso no concelho de Ribeira Grande, Ilha de Santo Antão." Master's thesis, ISA/UTL, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/5314.
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Mestrado em Agronomia Tropical e Desenvolvimento Sustentável - Instituto Superior de AgronomiaCape Verde is largely dependent on overseas countries with regard to food. Local production is limited, but relevant to food security. This dissertation aims to study the role that agricultural production, namely horticulture, production of rainfed crops and production of sugar cane has on the producers income, food security and improving the quality of life of households. We conducted a case study in the municipality of Ribeira Grande, island of Santo Antão. Surveys were conducted in the localities of Ribeirão and Garça de Cima (105 family household), equally distributed among horticulture farmers, producers of sugar cane and rainfed farmers. It was found that sugar cane producers have a median annual income greater than that of horticulture and rainfed farmers (402154, 337602 and 259764 cape verdeans escudos, respectively). In terms of quality of life indicators horticulture farmers and sugar cane producers have similar results, superior to the rainfed crops systems. In regard to nutritional status, the differences are not relevant. Horticulture farmers have a calorie intake of 2959.71, rainfed producers 2926.65 and producers of sugar cane 2888.86 kcal/EH/d. Regarding protein consumption, horticulture farmers have an intake of 103.12, rainfed farmers of 97.23 and sugar cane producers of 92.05 g/EH/d.
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Vieira, Adalberto Filomeno Carvalho Santos. "Qualidade e segurança de alimentos tradicionais em Cabo Verde." Doctoral thesis, ISA/UL, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/9267.
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Doutoramento em Engenharia Alimentar - Instituto Superior de AgronomiaThe aim of this study was to evaluate the quality and safety of the traditional food products in Cape Verde as a contribution to increase their appreciation. The Food Quality and Safety, particularly of the traditional products, have been provoked multiples discussions, as a result of several cases related to contamination of food intend to human consumption. To carry out the tasks, two traditional products were chosen as cases study, the cape verdean sugar cane spirit and the traditional sausage. In the first case study, a survey by questionnaires covering 64 traditional producers was conducted, and laboratory results concerning 29 samples of sugar cane spirit, collected in the traditional producers and final distributors, were treated and discussed. In the second case study, also, a survey by questionnaires covering 23 traditional producers was conducted, and laboratory results concerning 43 samples of traditional sausage, collected in the traditional producers, were treated and discussed. It was concluded that the non-conformities in the manufacturing process are having a negative repercussion in the traditional products, and by the need of adoption of correctives measures that can improve their safety and quality
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Lima, Tamara Martins. "Estudo energético do bagaço de diferentes variedades de cana-de-açucar /." São José do Rio Preto : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97755.
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Resumo: As usinas sucroalcooleiras realizam co-geração de energia através da queima do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar obtendo desta forma um grande aproveitamento energético responsável pela diminuição dos custos gerados pela empresa e pela significativa diminuição dos impactos ambientais. Este subproduto tornou-se tão rentável ou até mesmo mais rentável que o açúcar e o álcool, quando produzido em períodos de estiagem, pois estas usinas revendem o excesso de energia para as companhias fornecedoras de eletricidade. Visando este aproveitamento energético obtido nas usinas co-geradoras, este estudo teve como objetivo a determinação do comportamento térmico do bagaço da cana-de-açúcar, empregando diferentes variedades de cana (SP84-2025, RB86-7515, RB85-5536, SP81-3250, SP83-2847 e SP84-1431); a realização da extração e quantificação da lignina, bem como sua caracterização térmica. A caracterização do potencial energético do bagaço e dos elementos que o compõem, foi realizada empregando a técnica de análise térmica, especificamente, a partir da obtenção das curvas termogravimétricas e sua derivada (TG-DTG) e de análise térmica diferencial (DTA). As curvas TG/DTG, obtidas para o bagaço de cana em atmosfera de ar sintético, para as diferentes variedades investigadas, permitiu sugerir que a variedade RB86-7515 apresentou a menor percentagem de poder calorífico, enquanto a SP84-1431 apresentou a maior percentagem. Em relação à extração de lignina, a variedade que produziu maior percentagem de extração foi a RB85-5536, e a que produziu menor percentagem foi a RB81-3250Abstract: The factories perform sugarcane co-generation of energy by burning bagasse, sugar cane thus obtaining a large energy use accounts for reduction of the costs incurred by the company and the significant reduction of environmental impacts.This by-product has become so profitable or even more profitable than sugar and alcohol, when produced in periods of drought, as these plants resell excess power to the electricity supply companies. Aiming to use this energy obtained in co-generating factories, this study aimed to determine the thermal behavior of the crushed sugar cane, using different varieties of sugarcane (SP84-2025, RB86-7515, RB85-5536, SP81-3250, SP83-2847 and SP84-1431), the performance of extraction and quantification of lignin, as well as its thermal characterization. The characterization of the energy potential of bagasse and the elements that compose it, was carried out using the technique of thermal analysis, specifically, from the curves and its derivative thermogravimetric (TG-DTG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The curves TG / DTG obtained for sugarcane bagasse in an atmosphere of synthetic air, for different varieties investigated, possible to suggest that the variety RB86-7515 had the lowest percentage of calorific value, while the SP84-1431 showed the highest percentage. Regarding the extraction of lignin, the variety which produced a greater percentage of extraction was the RB85-5536, and which produced the lowest percentage was the RB81-3250
Orientador: Fernando Luis Fertonani
Coorientador: Ossamu Hojo
Banca: Eduardo Alves de Almeida
Banca: Maria Del Pilar Taboada Sotomayor
Mestre
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Plaza, Floran. "Measuring, modelling and understanding the mechanical behaviour of bagasse." University of Southern Queensland, Faculty of Engineering and Surveying, 2002. http://eprints.usq.edu.au/archive/00001485/.
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In the Australian sugar industry, sugar cane is smashed into a straw like material by hammers before being squeezed between large rollers to extract the sugar juice. The straw like material is initially called prepared cane and then bagasse as it passes through successive roller milling units. The sugar cane materials are highly compressible, have high moisture content, are fibrous, and they resemble some peat soils in both appearance and mechanical behaviour. A promising avenue to improve the performance of milling units for increased throughput and juice extraction, and to reduce costs is by modelling of the crushing process. To achieve this, it is believed necessary that milling models should be able to reproduce measured bagasse behaviour. This investigation sought to measure the mechanical (compression, shear, and volume) behaviour of prepared cane and bagasse, to identify limitations in currently used material models, and to progress towards a material model that can predict bagasse behaviour adequately. Tests were carried out using a modified direct shear test equipment and procedure at most of the large range of pressures occurring in the crushing process. The investigation included an assessment of the performance of the direct shear test for measuring bagasse behaviour. The assessment was carried out using finite element modelling. It was shown that prepared cane and bagasse exhibited critical state behaviour similar to that of soils and the magnitudes of material parameters were determined. The measurements were used to identify desirable features for a bagasse material model. It was shown that currently used material models had major limitations for reproducing bagasse behaviour. A model from the soil mechanics literature was modified and shown to achieve improved reproduction while using magnitudes of material parameters that better reflected the measured values. Finally, a typical three roller mill pressure feeder configuration was modelled. The predictions and limitations were assessed by comparison to measured data from a sugar factory.