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SEERUTTUN, S., C. BARBE, and G. McINTYRE. "Crop Cycle Length and Cane and Sugar Yields." Experimental Agriculture 35, no. 4 (October 1999): 407–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479799354016.
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Two series of trials were initiated to compare different lengths of crop cycles for sugarcane harvested every 12 months under the local conditions over a six-year period. The first series involved harvesting cane every 24 months and in the second series cane was harvested after 16 or 20 months alternately. All trials included four cane varieties except one in the second series where only three varieties were planted. Cumulative results for both series of trials showed a difference in favour of the 12-month cane crop. In the first series after six years, cane and sugar yields were reduced by 19–48% and 22–60% respectively in the 24-month-old canes compared with 12-month-old crops. The level of reduction varied with cane variety. In the second series, the declines in cane and sugar yields were smaller, 5–44% and 7–49% respectively. Cane lodging, which increased with length of crop cycle, led to greater weed infestation, increased damage by rats and rendered manual harvest more difficult.
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Yirsaw, T., K. Woldetsadik, and T. S. Workneh. "Effect of Harvest Time on Quality of Sugar Cane Cultivars." Advanced Materials Research 824 (September 2013): 293–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.824.293.
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Three commercial sugarcane varieties such as NCO-334, B52-298 and N14 were grown at Finchaa Cane Plantation, Ethiopia to determine the optimum harvest age for cane and sugar yields. Treatments consisted of factorial combination of varieties and five levels of harvest age were arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The varieties differed in stalk diameter and weight, and millable stalk number. Improvements in internodes number, stalk diameter and weight were increased with harvest age whereas internodes length and millable stalk number decreased with delay in harvesting. Varieties produced better juice quality in canes harvested at 17 months. NCO-334 attained its peak superior quality at the age of 15 months. This preliminary data on some indicator quality parameters imply that NCO-334 could be harvested at 15 months age in order to maximize sugar yield. However, more experiments are required to confirm the effect of harvesting time and variety on cane and sugar yield. Therefore, more research on detecting other quality parameters focusing on cane and sugar yield is recommended.
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Luo, Jun, Yong-Bao Pan, Liping Xu, Hua Zhang, Zhaonian Yuan, Zuhu Deng, Rukai Chen, and Youxiong Que. "Cultivar Evaluation and Essential Test Locations Identification for Sugarcane Breeding in China." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/302753.
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The discrepancies across test sites and years, along with the interaction between cultivar and environment, make it difficult to accurately evaluate the differences of the sugarcane cultivars. Using a genotype main effect plus genotype-environment interaction (GGE) Biplot software, the yield performance data of seven sugarcane cultivars in the 8th Chinese National Sugarcane Regional Tests were analyzed to identify cultivars recommended for commercial release. Fn38 produced a high and stable sugar yield. Gn02-70 had the lowest cane yield with high stability. Yz06-407 was a high cane yield cultivar with poor stability in sugar yield. Yz05-51 and Lc03-1137 had an unstable cane yield but relatively high sugar yield. Fn39 produced stable high sugar yield with low and unstable cane production. Significantly different sugar and cane yields were observed across seasons due to strong cultivar-environment interactions. Three areas, Guangxi Chongzuo, Guangxi Baise, and Guangxi Hechi, showed better representativeness of cane yield and sugar content than the other four areas. On the other hand, the areas Guangxi Chongzuo, Yunnan Lincang, and Yunnan Baoshan showed strong discrimination ability, while the areas Guangxi Hechi and Guangxi Liuzhou showed poor discrimination ability. This study provides a reference for cultivar evaluation and essential test locations identification for sugarcane breeding in China.
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Lencse, Reed J., and James L. Griffin. "Itchgrass (Rottboellia cochinchinensis) Interference in Sugarcane (Saccharumsp.)." Weed Technology 5, no. 2 (June 1991): 396–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x0002830x.
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Field studies were conducted in the northern and southern cane belt areas of Louisiana to determine the effect of itchgrass on sugarcane growth and yield. Itchgrass was allowed to interfere with sugarcane season-long, early-season from emergence in the spring until layby (last cultivation) in mid-June, and late-season from layby until harvest. Itchgrass germination occurred throughout the growing season. Populations of millable sugarcane stalks and yields of cane and sugar were similar for no interference, early-, and late-season interference. Season-long itchgrass interference reduced sugarcane stalk populations and cane and sugar yields an average of 34, 42, and 43%, respectively, compared with no interference.
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Johnson, Richard M., Michael P. Grisham, Kathryn Z. Warnke, and Jeri R. Maggio. "Relationship of Soil Properties and Sugarcane Yields to Red Stripe in Louisiana." Phytopathology® 106, no. 7 (July 2016): 737–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-09-15-0218-r.
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Symptoms of red stripe disease caused by Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae in Louisiana between 1985 and 2010 were limited to the leaf stripe form, which caused no apparent yield loss. During 2010, the more severe top rot form was observed, and a study was initiated to investigate the distribution of red stripe in the field and determine its effects on cane and sugar yields. Soil properties data, red stripe incidence, and sugarcane yields were all highly variable and were not randomly distributed in the field. Combined harvest data showed a negative correlation between yield components and red stripe incidence, with the strongest relationship between sucrose per metric ton and disease incidence. Red stripe incidence was positively correlated with several soil properties, including phosphorus, potassium, zinc, and calcium. Red stripe incidence also was found to increase with increasing nitrogen rate, with the greatest effects in heavy soils. Results also indicated that using red-stripe-infected cane as a seed source can significantly decrease shoot emergence, stalk population, and subsequent cane and sugar yields. These combined data suggest that red stripe disease can exhibit a highly variable rate of infection in commercial sugarcane fields and may also significantly decrease sugar yields.
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Singh, Anshuman, P. K. Bhatnagar, A. Q. Khan, and P. K. Shrotria. "Association of quality character with cane and commercial cane sugar yields in sugarcane." Sugar Tech 5, no. 3 (September 2003): 197–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02943636.
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Ogunwolu, E. O., T. E. Reagan, and K. E. Damann. "Efficacy of pest control strategies in Louisiana sugar cane: a preliminary survey." Journal of Agricultural Science 108, no. 3 (June 1987): 661–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600080102.
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SummaryAlthough the first or second clonal cuttings of heat-treated sugar cane were widely used for seed, differences were not detected among crop years or locations in the incidence of ratoon stunting disease. Sugar-cane mosaic virus (SCMV) disease was widespread in all areas surveyed; however, the plant cane crop had a lower incidence of SCMV than the first or the second ratoon crop. The estimated cane yield was increased approximately 19·4 t/ha by heat treatment during the 2-year survey period.The management system used to control the sugar-cane borer (SCB), Diatraea saccharalis (F.), was effective regardless of the crop year or area surveyed. Season-long SCB control was achieved by the use of two (1981) or three (1982) properly timed applications of insecticide and the use of a SCB moderately resistant variety resulting in an average of 6–9% bored sugar-cane internodes.Poor weed management, particularly with johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense(L.) Pers.), accounted for much of the reduction in cane yield (P < 0·01); the estimated yields of the second ratoon crop were substantially altered, particularly those of farms surveyed in the Bayou Lafourche area.
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Richard, Edward P., and James L. Griffin. "Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) Control in Sugarcane (Saccharumsp.) with Asulam Applied Alone and in Mixtures." Weed Technology 7, no. 3 (September 1993): 657–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00037507.
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Asulam applied POST alone and in mixtures with residual herbicides and with DSMA and MSMA was evaluated for johnsongrass control. Johnsongrass control following treatment with asulam at 3.7 kg ai ha−1was not improved by tank mixtures with the residual herbicides atrazine, metribuzin, pendimethalin, and terbacil compared with asulam applied alone. Johnsongrass injury symptoms appeared sooner when asulam was applied in mixtures with either DSMA or MSMA, but johnsongrass control 4 wk after treatment was similar to asulam applied alone. As a result of the johnsongrass control obtained with early POST treatments of asulam applied alone, cane and sugar yields were increased by 56 and 58%, respectively, when compared with the weedy check. Additional cane and sugar yield increases were not obtained by any of the asulam mixtures because johnsongrass control was not improved. Asulam applied again in May to johnsongrass regrowth improved late-season control in two of the three studies over a single early POST application, but cane and sugar yields were not increased.
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Viator, Ryan P., and Edward P. Richard. "Sugar and energy cane date of planting effects on cane, sucrose, and fiber yields." Biomass and Bioenergy 40 (May 2012): 82–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2012.02.002.
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Zeng, Xu-Peng, Kai Zhu, Jian-Ming Lu, Yuan Jiang, Li-Tao Yang, Yong-Xiu Xing, and Yang-Rui Li. "Long-Term Effects of Different Nitrogen Levels on Growth, Yield, and Quality in Sugarcane." Agronomy 10, no. 3 (March 4, 2020): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10030353.
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Nitrogen (N) plays an important role in sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrids) growth and development; however, long-term effects of N application levels on cane and sugar production in different sugarcane cultivars under field conditions remain unclear. In this study, we investigate the agronomic, yield, and quality traits in three sugarcane cultivars (GT11, B9, and ROC22) under different N levels (0, 150, and 300 kg/ha urea) from 2015 to 2019. Continuous four-year field experiments of plant and ratoon crops were carried out by using two-factor split-plot design. The results showed that N fertilizer application improved the tillering rate, stalk diameter, plant height, stalk weight, millable stalks/ha, cane yield, sugar yield and juice rate of cane, and the difference between N application and non-N application was significant. The cane yield, millable stalks/ha, juice rate, and juice gravity purity increased with the increase of N application, but the milled juice brix and sucrose % cane decreased with the increase of N application. The sugar yield was the highest at 150 kg/ha urea application, while the cane yield was the highest at 300 kg/ha urea application. Different N fertilizer application levels significantly regulated the activities of glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and the contents of chlorophyll and nitrate N in plant leaves, which reflected the regulation in nitrogen metabolism and alteration in dry matter production and distribution, cane yield and sugar accumulation in different sugarcane cultivars. During the four-year experiment duration, the cane yield and sugar yield generally showed ROC22 > B9 > GT11. These data suggested that 300 kg/ha urea application was suitable for the plant and first ratoon crops, and 150 kg/ha urea application was suitable for the second and third ratoon crops. Both cane and sugar yields could be the highest in a four-year production cycle under this circumstance.
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Malik, Zulfqar Waseem, and Zia Ul Hussnain. "RESPONSE OF SUGARCANE ON AGRO CLIMATIC CONDITIONS AND DROUGHT WITH MITIGATION STRATEGIES." Pakistan Sugar Journal 35, no. 2 (August 17, 2020): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.35380/sugar.035.02.0159.
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Climatic changes are the main concerns of varying crop yields nowadays. The world has reached where it will start a journey towards deterioration. Sustainable production will ensure food security in days to come. Sugarcane is considered a major crop for sugar as well as bio-fuel production in the world. Environmental changes have severely affected the cane production worldwide especially in the developing countries because of relatively low adaptive capacity, high vulnerability to natural hazards, poor forecasting systems and mitigating strategies. The changing rainfall patterns (Monsoon season) during July to September due to climate change may result in water stress induced by drought although harvesting efficiency is expected to increase. These studies also expound on the mitigation and adaptation strategies that can be employed in the sugarcane industry as a way of reducing losses in sugarcane production. This will also help to know how cane production is affected due to extreme environmental changes in Pakistan.
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Alauddin, Mukhammad Wildan, Wayan Firdaus Mahmudy, and Abdul Latief Abadi. "Extreme Learning Machine Weight Optimization using Particle Swarm Optimization to Identify Sugar Cane Disease." Journal of Information Technology and Computer Science 4, no. 2 (September 30, 2019): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.25126/jitecs.201942116.
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Sugar cane disease is a major factor in reducing sugar cane yields. The low intensity of experts to go into the field to check the condition of sugar cane causes the handling of sugarcane disease tends to be slow. This problem can be solved by instilling expert intelligence on sugar cane into an expert system. In this study the method of classification of sugar cane disease was proposed using Extreme Learning Machine (ELM). However, ELM alone is not enough to classify multilabel and multiclass disease case data in this study. Therefore, it is proposed to optimize the weight of hidden neurons in ELM using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The experimental results show that the classification using ELM alone can reach an accuracy rate of 71%. After the weight of hidden neurons from ELM was optimized, the accuracy rate became 79.92% or an increase of 8.92%.
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Kanbar, Adnan, Noemi Flubacher, Jiří Hermuth, Klára Kosová, Thomas Horn, and Peter Nick. "Mining Sorghum Biodiversity—Potential of Dual-Purpose Hybrids for Bio-Economy." Diversity 13, no. 5 (April 29, 2021): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13050192.
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Sweet, grain, and dual-purpose sorghums differ in a number of important traits, including biomass production, total solutes in the stem juice, and sugar accumulation across the stem. Ten dual-purpose hybrids, two sweet genotypes, and two grain landraces of sorghums were characterized under temperate environmental conditions to determine their potential for bioethanol production. Five sorghum hybrids (Ganymed, Hannibal, Tarzan, Merlin, and Zerberus) performed better with respect to cane yield, juice yield, potential sugar, and ethanol yields compared to sweet and grain genotypes. While the sweet genotype KIT1 produced the highest sugar concentration in the stem, the lowest concentration was produced by the grain landrace Razinieh. The study showed that plant height, leaf number, leaf weight, cane yield, and juice yield were positively correlated with the sugar yield in fresh stalk. Sugar accumulation was higher in the central internodes of all genotypes. Clustering analysis showed that sweet genotypes are located more closely to dual-purpose hybrids than grain landraces. We discuss the results with respect to the potential of dual-purpose sorghum hybrids for bio-economy in Germany.
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C. E. Carter and C. R. Camp. "Drain Spacing Effects on Water Table Control and Cane Sugar Yields." Transactions of the ASAE 37, no. 5 (1994): 1509–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.28234.
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Neswati, Risma, Christianto Lopulisa, Muhammad Nathan, and Andi Ramlan. "Land Suitability Index for Estimating Sugar Cane Productivity in the Humid Tropics of South Sulawesi Indonesia." Journal of Tropical Soils 21, no. 2 (February 26, 2017): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2016.v21i2.115-122.
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This research was completed using mixed qualitative and quantitative methods. Field surveys were executed in sugar cane plantation throughout South Sulawesi Indonesia. Land suitability analyses were performed using a parametric approach with Storie’s index equation followed up with correlation analysis using the Pearson correlation. Results revealed that the period for sugarcane crop growth in the humid tropic relatively dry regions of South Sulawesi Indonesia lasted for the months of November to July. The land suitability for sugar cane in the research location was moderately suitable (S2c) and marginally suitable (S3c, S3s, S3s,f and S3c,w) with limiting factors such as relative humidity during crop maturation phase, the duration of sunlight, soil depth, soil texture, soil pH and soil drainage. Land suitability index at the research location ranged from 25.2 to 55.0; sugar cane yields ranged from 30.3 to 62.0 Mg ha-1 year-1. Pearson correlation coefficient (r) between LSI with cane and sugar productivity were 0.81 and 0.84 respectively, signifying the strength of the correlation between the two values. This also indicates that land suitability index can be estimating the potential crop yield in the humid tropicsthat relatively dry climate regions.
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Rhein, Andressa F. L., Renata P. Pincelli, Marcel T. Arantes, William J. Dellabiglia, Oriel T. Kölln, and Marcelo de A. Silva. "Technological quality and yield of sugarcane grown under nitrogen doses via subsurface drip fertigation." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 20, no. 3 (March 2016): 209–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v20n3p209-214.
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ABSTRACT This study characterized the technological quality and yield of sugarcane cv. SP80-3280 under nitrogen doses via subsurface drip fertigation. Five treatments were established using N-fertilizer in the form of urea (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg N ha-1), with four replicates, applied via subsurface drip fertigation. The technological quality (fiber% cane; Brix% juice; pol% juice, pol% cane; juice purity and total recoverable sugar - TRS), as well as yield of stalks and sugar were determined 381 days after the third harvest. The technological variables Brix%, pol% juice, purity% and TRS of sugarcane, cultivar SP80-3280, were altered by the application of nitrogen doses via subsurface drip fertigation, with significant reductions at the dose of 200 kg N ha-1. Stalk and sugar yields increased linearly with the increment in nitrogen doses applied through subsurface drip fertigation.
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Béhou, YM, and CB Péné. "Genetic Variability and Heritability among Sugarcane Genotypes at Early Stage of the Advanced Selection for some Agronomic Traits in Ferké, Northern Ivory Coast." Agricultural Science 2, no. 1 (April 16, 2020): p83. http://dx.doi.org/10.30560/as.v2n1p83.
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Selection in sugarcane from true seed was recently implemented in Ivory Coast with the aim to increase the genetic variability of crop material used and, therefore, improve significantly sugar yields with a positive impact on the competitiveness of the Ivorian sugar industry. The objective of study was to determine the best performing cane genotypes among 29 clones tested under sprinkler irrigation, in comparison with a check variety (R579). It was carried out on R3-002 commercial sugarcane plantation of Ferké 2 sugar estate, in northern Ivory Coast. The experimental design used was a randomized complete block with 30 cane genotypes in three replications. Each plot comprised two dual rows of five meters with 0.5 and 1.90 m of inter-row spacing, i.e. 19 m² per plot and about 600 m² for the whole experiment. Based on sugar yields, four promising genotypes namely RCI12/15, RCI12/19, RCI13/121 and RCI13/136 were equivalent to the check variety which performed 15.6 t/ha. They are due to undergo the advanced selection stage during the 2020-21 cropping season for three more years for determining the first new sugarcane varieties of RCI origin to be tested commercially in Ferké sugar estates. Their yield performances ranged from 12.8 to 13.8 t sugar/ha, i.e. from 134.0 to 144.8 t cane/ha compared to 161.3 t/ha for the control variety. Although a relatively high level of stem-borer infestation rate recorded, with 15.6% on average (almost three times the tolerable threshold value of 5%), reasonable values of sucrose percent obtained with the promising genotypes, ranged from 12.7 to 13.9% over both crop cycles, compared with 13.6% for the check. Higher heritability values ranging from 61 to 80.5% were observed in traits like sugar yield, sucrose content (62.6%), recoverable sucrose (60.6%), fiber content (72%), stem-borer infestation rate (80.5%), number of internodes/stalk (67.7%), and flowering rate (79.6%). In contrast, lower and moderate values of heritability were observed for Pol juice (59.8%), juice purity (50.5%), cane yield (53%), millable stalk number/ha (29.5%), single stalk weight (36.7%), single stalk height (45%), and single stalk diameter (38.7%).
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Ali, Ahmed D., T. Eugene Reagan, Lynn M. Kitchen, and Jeff L. Flynn. "Effects of Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) Density on Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) Yield." Weed Science 34, no. 3 (May 1986): 381–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500067023.
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The effects of johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense(L.) Pers. # SORHA] infestations were determined during a 2-yr study on sugarcane (Saccharum officinarumL. ‘CP-65-357’) yield. Both cane and sugar yields were lower (36 and 31%, respectively) in plots heavily infested with johnsongrass than in weed-free plots. Sugarcane yields were inversely influenced by johnsongrass equivalents (the sum of the values obtained by multiplying the number of clumps by their corresponding importance value for each plot). In 1983, both johnsongrass standing crop and johnsongrass equivalents correlated negatively with cane yield much better than any other factor combinations, while in 1984, the same was true for stalk population. Substantial yield reductions from johnsongrass interference were observed at johnsongrass infestation levels higher than 15 to 35%.
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Cunha, Fernando N., Nelmício F. da Silva, Antonio E. C. Sousa, Marconi B. Teixeira, Frederico A. L. Soares, and Vitor M. Vidal. "Yield of sugarcane submitted to nitrogen fertilization and water depths by subsurface drip irrigation." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 20, no. 9 (September 2016): 841–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v20n9p841-846.
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ABSTRACT Water is limiting for growth and essential for photosynthesis. Crop yield depends on the available amount of this resource and on the efficiency of its use by the plant. This study aimed to evaluate the vegetative growth and the gross yield of sugar and ethanol from sugarcane along cane-plant and ratoon cane cultivation, under different irrigation depths for water replenishment, with and without nitrogen (N) application by subsurface drip irrigation. The experimental design was randomized blocks, analyzed in a split-plot scheme, with four replicates, in which the plots were represented by the interaction: irrigation depths (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% water replenishment of the field capacity), with and without N fertigation, and subplots were represented by 9 evaluation periods (90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270, 300 and 330 days after planting/days after the first cutting for ratoon cane). The gross yields of sugar and alcohol for water replenishments below 93 and 97%, respectively, are higher in sugarcane of first year than in sugarcane of second year. Fertigation provided greater vegetative growth of ratoon cane.
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Vuyyuru, Murali, Hardev S. Sandhu, James M. McCray, Richard N. Raid, John E. Erickson, and Andrew V. Ogram. "Amending sugarcane monoculture through rotation breaks and fungicides: effects on soil chemical and microbial properties, and sucrose yields." Crop and Pasture Science 70, no. 11 (2019): 990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp19264.
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Sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrids) monoculture was amended with leguminous rotation breaks (cowpea, Vigna unguiculata; and soybean, Glycine max) and compared with growers’ practice (sweet corn, Zea mays var. saccharata rotation; and bare fallow). After incorporation of rotation-break residues, fungicidal treatments (mancozeb, mefenoxam and azoxystrobin) were applied on seed-cane pieces laid in the furrows before row closure, with the objective of determining effects of both crop rotation and fungicides on soil properties and sugarcane agronomic performance. Aboveground biomass yields of sweet corn, soybean and cowpea were 5.54, 5.17 and 4.48 t ha–1, and carbon:nitrogen ratios of sweet corn, soybean and cowpea crop residues were 25.47, 11.92 and 11.61, respectively. Following residue incorporation, phospholipid fatty acid analyses of soil microbial communities at pre-plant and early-growth stages of sugarcane indicated significant differences in abundance of Gram-positive bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi biomarkers, whereas no differences were found in Gram-negative bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. At pre-planting, fungi:bacteria ratios in sweet corn and bare fallow plots were significantly higher than in cowpea or soybean rotation plots and similar to ratios at early-growth sampling. Soybean rotation produced higher cane yield than sweet corn, and both soybean and bare fallow produced higher sucrose yield than sweet corn rotation in 2016 plant cane, but no significant yield differences occurred in 2017 plant cane. The results of 2016 plant cane persisted in the 2017 first ratoon, where the sweet corn rotation had lower yields than cowpea and soybean rotations. All three fungicides significantly improved cane yield and sugar yield compared with the untreated check in plant cane, with both mancozeb and mefenoxam performing similarly in 2016, but with mefenoxam performing better in 2017 plant cane. Overall, introduction of cowpea and soybean rotations, coupled with seed-piece fungicidal application, seems a promising practice for improving sugarcane yields on Histosols.
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Juneja, Ankita, Deepak Kumar, Vijay Kumar Singh, Yadvika, and Vijay Singh. "Chemical Free Two-Step Hydrothermal Pretreatment to Improve Sugar Yields from Energy Cane." Energies 13, no. 21 (November 6, 2020): 5805. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13215805.
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Energy cane is an attractive lignocellulosic feedstock for processing into biofuels and bioproducts. A low-severity two-step hydrothermal pretreatment was investigated on energy cane for the production of monomeric sugar. Pretreatment temperature and time, in addition to the effect of disk milling, were observed for the glucose and xylose yields during hydrolysis. At residence times above 5 min in case of pretreatment at 200 °C, all of the hemicellulose was observed to be solubilized. The pretreatment condition of 200 °C for 10 min with disk milling was observed to provide the highest glucose concentration of 5.4%, and 200 °C for 5 min with disk milling provided the highest xylose concentration of 2.15%. The effect of disk milling in improving the sugar concentrations during hydrolysis was significant, especially at lower pretreatment temperatures and times. Low xylose yields at higher temperatures were attributed to the formation of degradation products at increased severity.
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Doorasamy, Mishelle. "An Empirical Investigation of the Declining Sucrose Content in South African Sugar Cane." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 10, no. 3(J) (July 19, 2018): 6–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v10i3.2311.
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This study is aimed at investigating the declining sucrose levels in South African sugar cane using principal component analysis. The agricultural production of sugar cane has been one of the major sources of income to the South African economy. Sucrose has been classified in the analysis of Brix percentage of sugarcane juice as one of the most important parameters of sugar composition, due to its usefulness, among the components in sugar cane which are needed for farmers to generate income within the economy. However, data indicates that the sucrose content decline which began in 2014 is still ongoing, representing great loss to the farmers. To investigate this trend, this study has regressed the sucrose percentage in cane as a dependent variable against the ratio in Tons of cane to 1 Ton of sugar, tons of cane crushed, tons of sugar made, and yields per hectare of harvested cane. The study used correlation matrices, summary statistics and principal component analysis as tools in carrying out its investigation. From the regression result, the proportional composition value of sucrose which stands at 0.6059 - the highest compared to others in the model - indicates that it is an essential component in the chain of sugar production. However, when the maximum value of sucrose (14.24000) is compared with its minimum (12.92000), a remarkable decline is observed. Since a remarkable difference is also observed when the mean value of 13.55353 is compared with the standard deviation value of 0.378318, the study can conclude that the percentage level of sucrose is low compared to other explanatory variables. This typically signifies a decline in the value of sucrose when compared with other variables under investigation.
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Richard, Edward P., and Caleb D. Dalley. "Sugarcane Response to Flumioxazin." Weed Technology 20, no. 3 (September 2006): 695–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-05-167r.1.
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The response of the sugarcane cultivars HoCP 91-555, HoCP 85-845, and LCP 85-384 to flumioxazin during the first (plant cane) and second (first ratoon) production years was evaluated within two identical experiments, the first starting in 2000 and the second in 2001. In the plant-cane crop, flumioxazin application timings were PRE immediately following planting, fall postemergence (FPOST) 6 wk after planting, early spring postemergence (ESPOST), postemergence-directed spray (PDS) following layby cultivation, and sequential applications of FPOST followed by ESPOST. During the first-ratoon crop, flumioxazin was applied ESPOST, late-spring (LSPOST), PDS following layby cultivation, and sequentially LSPOST followed by PDS. Flumioxazin injury to sugarcane consisted mainly of stunted growth and reddening and necrosis of treated leaves. In plant cane, injury was 28% 2 wk after treatment (WAT) when applied ESPOST in one experiment but less than 10% in the other, and was no more than 13% in either experiment at 6 WAT. In the first-ratoon crop, injury was around 15% when applied ESPOST in the first experiment, but no injury was observed 6 WAT. However, in the first ratoon, injury to all cultivars was 25 to 30% when following a LSPOST application. When applied as a PDS, injury was no more than 15% 4 WAT in either plant-cane or first-ratoon sugarcane. Stalk height was reduced 15 cm compared to the nontreated control when flumioxazin was applied as a sequential application (FPOST followed by ESPOST) in plant cane and by 23 cm (LSPOST followed by PDS) in first-ratoon sugarcane. In plant cane ESPOST applications of flumioxazin reduced sugar yield (9 to 28%) within all three cultivars used in this study in both experiments with only one exception. Sequential (FPOST followed by ESPOST) applications reduced sugar yield within all cultivars (6 to 37%). PDS applications at layby reduced yields (7 to 12%) in the first experiment, but not in the second experiment. In the first-ratoon crop, LSPOST applications of flumioxazin reduced sugar yield (7 to 11%), sequential flumioxazin applications (LSPOST followed by PDS) reduced sugar yields (8 to 19%), and PDS applications at layby did not reduce yield. It appears that there is little if any difference in tolerance to flumioxazin for the cultivars used in this experiment. To avoid risk of yield loss, flumioxazin should not be applied as an over-top POST treatment to weeds in actively growing sugarcane, and care should be taken to minimize spray contact with sugarcane leaves when applying flumioxazin as a PDS at layby.
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Hardjo, Karen Slamet, and Like Indrawati. "Pola spektral tanaman tebu (saccharum officinarum l.) Menggunakan spektrofotometer dan citra penginderaan jauh di kabupaten bantul." Jurnal Nasional Teknologi Terapan (JNTT) 2, no. 1 (October 2, 2018): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jntt.39196.
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Sugar becomes one of the commodities targeted to achieve Indonesia national food security. Sugar is produced from sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.), extensive plantations require effective and efficient handling and low cost. Remote sensing is a technology that is considered appropriate to answer those needs, through remote sensing image can be analyzed to the physical condition of sugar cane plant based on the spectral response recorded on the image. The spectral response captured by the sensor is expected to help analyze this plant in relation to plant growth, plant health, as well as the production of sugar yields in sugarcane. The lack of spectral pattern research, especially the in situ spectral pattern that is used as a reference for remote sensing data analysis, makes this research important to do. Bantul Regency is a region that has a large agricultural area, including sugar cane plantation. The method used in this research is digital data processing on remote sensing image to be analyzed spectral pattern especially in sugarcane which then compared with data of spectral pattern of sugar cane which is measured directly in the field using spectrophotometer. Spectral patterns obtained from two sources are then analyzed to determine the agility of sugarcane. The result of this research is give description about spectral pattern characteristic or reflectance pattern in sugar cane plant so it can be used for mapping of sugar cane plantation. The Sugar cane Plant reflected curve from the field measurements by spectrophotometer is noticeably smoother and has more wavelengths than the reflected curves of the Landsat 8 OLI Image. The distribution of sugar cane plant based on the spectral reflectance pattern of the object of field measurement is more relevant than the distribution of sugarcane based on the spectral reflection pattern of the object from Landsat 8 OLI Image. The classification of the field measurement spectral library and the Landsat 8 OLI Image shows that the spectral library of field measurements is better to serve as the basis for spectral-based mapping than the sampled spectral libraries in Landsat 8 OLI Image.
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Moreira, B. R. A., R. S. Viana, L. A. M. Lisboa, P. R. M. Lopes, P. A. M. Figueiredo, S. B. Ramos, C. S. B. Bonini, V. D. R. Trindade, M. G. O. Andrade, and A. May. "Classifying Hybrids of Energy Cane for Production of Bioethanol and Cogeneration of Biomass-Based Electricity by Principal Component Analysis-Linked Fuzzy C-Means Clustering Algorithm." Journal of Agricultural Science 11, no. 14 (August 31, 2019): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n14p246.
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The biggest challenge facing in sugar-energy plants is to move towards the biorefinery concept, without threatening the environment and health. Energy cane is the state-of-the-art of smart energy crops to provide suitable whole-raw material to produce upgraded biofuels, dehydrated alcohol for transportation, refined sugar, yeast-fermented alcoholic beverages, soft drinks, silage and high-quality fodder, as well as to cogenerate heat and bioelectricity from burnt lignocellulose. We, accordingly, present fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering algorithm interconnected with principal component analysis (PCA) as powerful exploratory data analysis tool to wisely classify hybrids of energy cane for production of first-generation ethanol and cogeneration of heat and bioelectricity. From the orthogonally-rotated factorial map, fuzzy cluster I aggregated the hybrids VX12-0277, VX12-1191, VX12-1356 and VX12-1658 composed of higher contents of soluble solids and sucrose, and larger productive yields of fermentable sugars. These parameters correlated with the X-axis component referring to technological quality of cane juice. Fuzzy cluster III aggregated the hybrids VX12-0180 and VX12-1022 consisted of higher fiber content. This parameter correlated with the Y-axis component referring to physicochemical quality of lignocellulose. From the PCA-FCM methodology, the conclusion is, therefore, hybrids from fuzzy cluster I prove to be type I energy cane (higher sucrose to fiber ratio) and could serve as energy supply pathways to produce bioethanol, while the hybrids from fuzzy cluster III are type II energy cane (lower sucrose to fiber ratio), denoting potential as higher fiber yield biomass sources to feed cogeneration of heat and bioelectricity in high temperature and pressure furnace-boiler system.
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BISSESSUR, D., R. A. E. TILNEY-BASSETT, L. C. Y. LIM SHIN CHONG, R. DOMAINGUE, and M. H. R. JULIEN. "FAMILY × ENVIRONMENT AND GENOTYPE × ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS FOR SUGARCANE ACROSS TWO CONTRASTING MARGINAL ENVIRONMENTS IN MAURITIUS." Experimental Agriculture 36, no. 1 (January 2000): 101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479700361117.
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Land resources are scarce in Mauritius and to fulfil the export quota sugarcane (Saccharum hybrids) has to be grown in marginal areas which are not conducive to optimal growth. In order to increase overall productivity there is a need to breed and select sugarcane varieties specifically adapted to the extremely dry and extremely wet areas. In this study, 154 genotypes representing four families were planted in a randomized complete block design at two sites. The genotypes were replicated at the two sites and evaluated in the plant cane and first ratoon crops. Family × environment and genotype × environment interactions were determined using the mixed model analysis of variance. Significant differences between families, genotypes and environments were found in stalk height, stalk diameter, industrial recoverable sucrose % cane (IRSC) and cane yield per hectare in tonnes (TCH). The genotype × environment interaction was significant for stalk height, stalk number, stalk diameter, sucrose content, TCH, tonnes sugar per hectare (TSH) and kilobrix (parameter used for selection in the preliminary phase of the selection programme at the Mauritius Sugar Industry Research Institute) in both plant cane and first ratoon crops indicating that the relative performance of the genotypes is not consistent across the environments for these characters. The family × environment interaction was found to be significant for cane and sugar yields whereas it was not significant for field Brix in either the plant cane or the ratoon crops. This showed that, for the parameter Brix, the relative performance of the families is similar in both environments and there is no need to replicate in more than one environment. The environmental sensitivities measured with respect to sugar yield showed that families and genotypes with nearly equal means over all environments displayed inconsistent performances. Differences in the sensitivities of the different families and genotypes were observed and some of the family × environment and genotype × environment interactions could be ascribed to them. The results also suggest that mass selection could be more effective than family selection and selection for each specific environment is advisable.
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Richard, Edward P. "Sensitivity of Sugarcane (Saccharumsp.) to Glyphosate." Weed Science 39, no. 1 (March 1991): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500057908.
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Field studies were conducted in Louisiana to determine growth and yield effects resulting from the accidental application of the isopropylamine formulation of glyphosate to sugarcane. Glyphosate at 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 kg ae ha–1was applied in water at 90 L ha–1in May, June, and August. Sugar yields (kg ha–1) were reduced 44% when glyphosate was applied over the top of sugarcane at 0.2 kg ha–1in June; similar reductions for the May and August applications required 0.4 kg ha–1. Reductions in sugar yield were primarily attributed to reductions in both cane yield and recoverable sugar in the crushed juice because stalk populations and stalk weights were lowered and immature stalks that survived contained less sugar. The recoverability of the subsequent ratoon crop was also affected, particularly when glyphosate was applied in May and June to the previous crop at rates of 0.4 kg ha–1and higher.
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Guida, M. Y., and A. Hannioui. "Properties of bio-oil and bio-char produced by sugar cane bagasse pyrolysis in a stainless steel tubular reactor." Progress in Agricultural Engineering Sciences 13, no. 1 (December 2017): 13–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/446.13.2017.2.
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In this study, compositional analysis of the products obtained by thermal degradation of sugar cane bagasse at various pyrolysis temperatures (300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700, 750 and 800 °C) and heating rate (5, 10, 20 and 50 °C/min) was studied. Sugar cane bagasse was pyrolyzed in a stainless steel tubular reactor. The aim of this work was to experimentally investigate how the temperature and heating rate affects liquid and char product yields via pyrolysis and to determine optimal condition to have a better yield of these products. Liquid product (bio-oil) obtained under the most suitable conditions were characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, C-NMR and HNMR. In addition, column chromatography was employed to determine the aliphatic fraction (Hexane Eluate); gas chromatography and FT-IR were achieved on aliphatic fractions. For char product (bio-char), the elemental chemical composition and yield of the char were determined. The results of our work showed that the amount of liquid product (bio-oil) from pyrolysis of sugar cane bagasse increases with increasing the final temperature and decreases with increasing the heating rate. The highest yield of liquid product is obtained from the samples at 550 °C and at the heating rate of 5°C/min, the maximal average yield achieved almost 32.80 wt%. The yield of char generally decreases with increasing the temperature, the char yield passes from 39.7 wt% to 21 wt% at the heating rate of 5°C/min and from 32 wt% to 17.2 wt% at the heating rate of 50 °C/min at the same range of temperature (300–800 °C). The analysis of bio-oil showed the presence of an aliphatic character and that it is possible to obtain liquid products similar to petroleum from sugar cane bagasse waste. The solid products (bio-char) obtained in the presence of nitrogen (N2) contain a very important percentage of carbon and high higher heating values (HHV).
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Hoffstadt, Kevin, Gino D. Pohen, Max D. Dicke, Svea Paulsen, Simone Krafft, Joachim W. Zang, Warde A. da Fonseca-Zang, Athaydes Leite, and Isabel Kuperjans. "Challenges and Prospects of Biogas from Energy Cane as Supplement to Bioethanol Production." Agronomy 10, no. 6 (June 9, 2020): 821. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10060821.
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Innovative breeds of sugar cane yield up to 2.5 times as much organic matter as conventional breeds, resulting in a great potential for biogas production. The use of biogas production as a complementary solution to conventional and second-generation ethanol production in Brazil may increase the energy produced per hectare in the sugarcane sector. Herein, it was demonstrated that through ensiling, energy cane can be conserved for six months; the stored cane can then be fed into a continuous biogas process. This approach is necessary to achieve year-round biogas production at an industrial scale. Batch tests revealed specific biogas potentials between 400 and 600 LN/kgVS for both the ensiled and non-ensiled energy cane, and the specific biogas potential of a continuous biogas process fed with ensiled energy cane was in the same range. Peak biogas losses through ensiling of up to 27% after six months were observed. Finally, compared with second-generation ethanol production using energy cane, the results indicated that biogas production from energy cane may lead to higher energy yields per hectare, with an average energy yield of up to 162 MWh/ha. Finally, the Farm2CBG concept is introduced, showing an approach for decentralized biogas production.
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Berbert-Molina, Marília A., Sunao Sato, and Mauricio M. Silveira. "Ammonium Phosphate as a Sole Nutritional Supplement for the Fermentative Production of 2,3-Butanediol from Sugar Cane Juice." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 56, no. 9-10 (October 1, 2001): 787–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2001-9-1017.
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AbstractThe production of 2,3-butanediol by Klebsiella pneumoniae from sugar cane juice supplemented with different salts was studied. This microorganism is able to degrade sucrose present in sugar cane juice containing ammonium phosphate as the sole nutritional supplement. With a sugar cane juice-based medium containing ~180 g sucrose /1 and 8.0 g (NH4)2HPO4, / 1, over 70 g 2,3-butanediol plus acetoin / 1 were formed. This result is comparable to that achieved with a sugar cane juice-based medium containing several nutrients, although the kinetic profiles of these runs presented significant differences. With the ammonium phosphate- enriched medium, cell growth was initially favoured by both the strong oxygen supply and the higher water activity due to the lower concentration of nutrients. After 14 h, the limitation in some nutrients led to the interruption of cell growth, and decreasing rates for product formation and substrate consumption were observed. During the stationary phase of this run, sucrose was preferentially converted to product, and the substrate was completely depleted after 35 h of the process. With the complete medium, the substrate was totally consumed after 36 h of run. In this case, the higher initial concentration of nutrients reduced the overall process rate but sustained the cell growth for 27 h. Conversion yields of 0.40 g product / g sucrose and productivities close to 2.0 g/ lxh were obtained under both conditions.
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Xu, Nan, Jehangir H. Bhadha, Abul Rabbany, Stewart Swanson, James M. McCray, Yuncong C. Li, Sarah L. Strauss, and Rao Mylavarapu. "Crop Nutrition and Yield Response of Bagasse Application on Sugarcane Grown on a Mineral Soil." Agronomy 11, no. 8 (July 30, 2021): 1526. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11081526.
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The addition of agricultural by-products to mineral soils has the potential to improve crop production. This study aimed to determine the effects of the readily available sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) milling by-product bagasse as a soil amendment on yields of sugarcane grown on a sandy Entisol of South Florida. The field trial was conducted on a commercial sugarcane farm for three annual crop cycles (plant cane and two ratoons). Four treatments including 5 cm bagasse (85 ton ha−1); 10 cm bagasse (170 ton ha−1); 10 cm bagasse (170 ton ha−1) plus 336 kg ha−1 ammonium nitrate; and a control (without bagasse and ammonium nitrate) were evaluated. Results indicate that one single application of bagasse increased sugarcane biomass and sugar yield by approximately 23% in the plant cane year. A higher application rate of bagasse (10 cm of bagasse) was recommended since it had a longer effect on increasing sugarcane biomass and sugar yield. Bagasse application enhanced silicon (Si) supply and increased Si plant nutrition. However, the effects of bagasse on the other leaf nutrients were not significant.
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Carbonari, Caio A., Ana Karollyna Alves de Matos, Ivana Paula Ferraz Santos de Brito, Edivaldo D. Velini, and Franck E. Dayan. "Impact of Green Cane Harvesting on Pest Management in Sugarcane." Outlooks on Pest Management 31, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 64–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1564/v30_apr_04.
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Green cane harvesting is a new agricultural practice that provides many benefits to sugar cane production in Brazil by allowing cane straw to remain on the soil surface. However, this system has complicated the management of weeds, pests and diseases. This review will highlight the impact of green cane harvesting on the management of weeds, insect pests, and pathogens in sugar cane production, and cover novel techniques and practices used to manage pests in this production system. Brazil has a unique agroecosystem that includes tropical and subtropical climates and distinct technical challenges relative to other agricultural regions around the world. Sugarcane stands out as an economically important crop in Brazilian agriculture, both in terms of its planting area and the complexity of the production system (e.g., constant changes in planting, cultural practices, and harvest managements). Brazilian sugarcane production in the 2018/2019 season was 620.44 million tons produced over more than 8.5 million hectares distributed mainly in the states of São Paulo, Goiás, and Minas Gerais. Currently, 38% of this production is intended to produce sugar and 62% to ethanol, generating 29.04 million tons of sugar and 33.14 billion liters of ethanol, making Brazil the largest sugar and ethanol producing country in the world. The sugarcane agroindustry continues to expand in Brazil, showing a great capacity to aggregate value to byproducts of ethanol and sugar, such as vinasse (fertilizer), filter cake (fertilizer and soil conditioner), bagasse (raw-material for industries; animal feed; and electrical energy generation), and plant straws (electrical energy generation). The adoption of mechanized harvests without burning has allowed accumulation of sugarcane straw residues over the cropping area (green cane harvesting). Approximately 84% of the sugarcane production area in Brazil follows green cane harvesting practices. This harvesting system has made the management of weeds, pests and diseases even more complex in sugarcane fields than before. Green cane harvesting has made pest and weed management (mainly) more complex. The presence of residues on the soil directly affects the action of pre-emergent herbicides that are most commonly used in sugarcane and increases the incidence of some important pests such as S. levis and M. fimbriolata. Integration of management programs for weeds, pests, and diseases generates economic benefits and control efficacy (broad spectrum action), maximizing their individual efficacy level, reducing the dependence on only one of them and the risk of selection of resistant pest populations. Monitoring, planning, and evaluation of the history of the sugarcane fields are essentials and assist in decision making regarding the method and time of control to be used. The efficiency of this system assists in the maintenance of high yields, health, and longevity for sugarcane fields.
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Bosma, Ulbe, and Jonathan Curry-Machado. "Turning Javanese: The Domination of Cuba's Sugar Industry by Java Cane Varieties." Itinerario 37, no. 2 (August 2013): 101–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s016511531300048x.
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By the end of the nineteenth century and beginning of the twentieth, two islands had come to dominate global cane-sugar production. For most of the sixty-year period between 1870 and 1930, around half of the world's internationally traded crop came from Cuba and Java. The two islands had many topographical similarities that made them particularly well suited to the establishment of sugar plantations: both are relatively large islands with fertile soils and semi-tropical climate. They were also situated in regions that had been drawn into the European sphere of influence in the sixteenth century but that had only been lightly exploited before the nineteenth, when they were both well placed to assume leading roles in the satisfaction of the escalating demand for sugar in the industrialising societies of Europe and North America.However, Cuba and Java existed within two very distinct sets of imperial and commercial networks: Spanish and Atlantic, and Dutch and Indian Ocean respectively. As a result of this, while there have been a plethora of studies about cane agriculture and the sugar industry in each of the islands, there has been little effort to compare their histories or explore the interconnections between them. Only recently has a start been made to study systematically the “convergence and divergence” of the sugar industry in the two hemispheres and to compare the differences and similarities to be found in the paths followed by the two islands.Although the sugar industries of Cuba and Java took different directions, these were inextricably linked. While Cuban planters could exploit the availability of large areas of underused land to overcome the relative scarcity of labour, planters in Java took advantage of the relative abundance of labour to maximise yields from the more limited land available to them. As a consequence of this, Javanese planters influenced by the work of Cuban agronomist Álvaro Reynoso paid considerable attention to the development of scientific methods in cane cultivation. Meanwhile, Reynoso's ideas fell on deaf ears in his home island, where most planters ignored the need for a more scientific approach in the fields in favour of technological advances in the sugar factory and what they saw as their immediate commercial interests.
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de Almeida Scarcella, Ana Sílvia, Alexandre Favarin Somera, Christiane da Costa Carreira Nunes, Eleni Gomes, Ana Claudia Vici, Marcos Silveira Buckeridge, and Maria de Lourdes Teixeira de Moraes Polizeli. "Matrix Discriminant Analysis Evidenced Surface-Lithium as an Important Factor to Increase the Hydrolytic Saccharification of Sugarcane Bagasse." Molecules 24, no. 19 (October 8, 2019): 3614. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24193614.
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Statistical evidence pointing to the very soft change in the ionic composition on the surface of the sugar cane bagasse is crucial to improve yields of sugars by hydrolytic saccharification. Removal of Li+ by pretreatments exposing -OH sites was the most important factor related to the increase of saccharification yields using enzyme cocktails. Steam Explosion and Microwave:H2SO4 pretreatments produced unrelated structural changes, but similar ionic distribution patterns. Both increased the saccharification yield 1.74-fold. NaOH produced structural changes related to Steam Explosion, but released surface-bounded Li+ obtaining 2.04-fold more reducing sugars than the control. In turn, the higher amounts in relative concentration and periodic structures of Li+ on the surface observed in the control or after the pretreatment with Ethanol:DMSO:Ammonium Oxalate, blocked -OH and O− available for ionic sputtering. These changes correlated to 1.90-fold decrease in saccharification yields. Li+ was an activator in solution, but its presence and distribution pattern on the substrate was prejudicial to the saccharification. Apparently, it acts as a phase-dependent modulator of enzyme activity. Therefore, no correlations were found between structural changes and the efficiency of the enzymatic cocktail used. However, there were correlations between the Li+ distribution patterns and the enzymatic activities that should to be shown.
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Borzani, W. "Ethanol yields during the feeding phase in fed-batch fermentation of sugar-cane blackstrap molasses." World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology 12, no. 4 (July 1996): 415–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00340224.
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CARR, M. K. V., and J. W. KNOX. "THE WATER RELATIONS AND IRRIGATION REQUIREMENTS OF SUGAR CANE (SACCHARUM OFFICINARUM): A REVIEW." Experimental Agriculture 47, no. 1 (January 2011): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479710000645.
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SUMMARYThe results of research on the water relations and irrigation needs of sugar cane are collated and summarized in an attempt to link fundamental studies on crop physiology to irrigation practices. Background information on the centres of production of sugar cane is followed by reviews of (1) crop development, including roots; (2) plant water relations; (3) crop water requirements; (4) water productivity; (5) irrigation systems and (6) irrigation scheduling. The majority of the recent research published in the international literature has been conducted in Australia and southern Africa. Leaf/stem extension is a more sensitive indicator of the onset of water stress than stomatal conductance or photosynthesis. Possible mechanisms by which cultivars differ in their responses to drought have been described. Roots extend in depth at rates of 5–18 mm d−1 reaching maximum depths of > 4 m in ca. 300 d providing there are no physical restrictions. The Penman-Monteith equation and the USWB Class A pan both give good estimates of reference crop evapotranspiration (ETo). The corresponding values for the crop coefficient (Kc) are 0.4 (initial stage), 1.25 (peak season) and 0.75 (drying off phase). On an annual basis, the total water-use (ETc) is in the range 1100–1800 mm, with peak daily rates of 6–15 mm d−1. There is a linear relationship between cane/sucrose yields and actual evapotranspiration (ETc) over the season, with slopes of about 100 (cane) and 13 (sugar) kg (ha mm)−1 (but variable). Water stress during tillering need not result in a loss in yield because of compensatory growth on re-watering. Water can be withheld prior to harvest for periods of time up to the equivalent of twice the depth of available water in the root zone. As alternatives to traditional furrow irrigation, drag-line sprinklers and centre pivots have several advantages, such as allowing the application of small quantities of water at frequent intervals. Drip irrigation should only be contemplated when there are well-organized management systems in place. Methods for scheduling irrigation are summarized and the reasons for their limited uptake considered. In conclusion, the ‘drivers for change’, including the need for improved environmental protection, influencing technology choice if irrigated sugar cane production is to be sustainable are summarized.
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Sica, Pietro, Laysa Maciel Lewandowski Meira Prado, Pedro Granja, Elias Miguel de Carvalho, Eduardo de Castro Mattos, Rubens Perez Calegari, Manuella Silverio, Bianca Chaves Martins, and Antonio Sampaio Baptista. "Effects of Energy Cane (Saccharum spp.) Juice on Corn Ethanol (Zea mays) Fermentation Efficiency: Integration towards a More Sustainable Production." Fermentation 7, no. 1 (February 22, 2021): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation7010030.
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Despite being considered renewable, corn (Zea mays) ethanol still generates much debate over the use of fossil fuels in its production and is considered less sustainable than sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) ethanol. In Brazil, corn ethanol is starting to be produced in the Center-West and is expected to increase with the RenovaBio, a promising policy for biofuels adoption. In this context, energy cane (Saccharum spp.) is a biomass crop with high yields that can provide bagasse to supply the energy demand of the corn ethanol industry and provide juice with about 10% sugar content. However, the effects of introducing its juice in the production process are unknown. For these reasons, the objective of this study was to assess the effects of adding energy cane juice in corn ethanol production. Energy cane juice brings several advantages: (i) It provides sugars that can reduce by almost 50% the amount of corn and enzymes used, (ii) reduces the amount of water needed for ethanol production, and (iii) increases significantly the fermentation efficiency from 86.4% to 90.8% by providing minerals that support yeast growth. Therefore, energy cane can be integrated into the corn ethanol production process, making the fermentation more efficient and the production systems more sustainable.
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Nadeem, Mubashar, Asif Tanveer, Hardev Sandhu, Saba Javed, Muhammad Ehsan Safdar, Muhammad Ibrahim, Muhammad Atif Shabir, Muhammad Sarwar, and Usman Arshad. "Agronomic and Economic Evaluation of Autumn Planted Sugarcane under Different Planting Patterns with Lentil Intercropping." Agronomy 10, no. 5 (May 1, 2020): 644. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10050644.
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Proper sowing orientation and spacing are important factors for best crop growth. A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of different planting patterns with and without lentil intercropping on sugarcane growth and yield and farm economics. Each of these treatments were planted as sole crop and intercropped with lentil. Data were collected on plant cane and first ratoon crop. The maximum stripped cane yields (154.36 t/ha and 130.28 t/ha in plant and ratoon crop, respectively) were obtained from sugarcane planted at 120 cm trench planting both as sole as well as lentil intercropped. This treatment also attained 61% and 43% higher total sugar yields compared to traditional 60 cm single rows planting in plant and ratoon crops, respectively. Lentil intercropping did not have any significant effect on sugarcane yield, but trench planting at 120 cm with lentil intercropping had the highest lentil seed yield (598.0 in 2013–2014 and 629.8 kg ha−1 in 2014–2015) along with maximum land equivalent ratio (1.40 and 1.37), net return (Rs.321254/ha), net field benefit (Rs.491703/ha) and benefit cost ratio (2.01). Sugarcane at 120 cm trench planting with lentil intercropping also outperformed other planting patterns in improving economic returns.
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Hammad, E. A., and M. I. Dawelbeit. "Effect of tillage and field condition on soil physical properties, cane and sugar yields in Vertisols of Kenana Sugar Estate, Sudan." Soil and Tillage Research 62, no. 3-4 (November 2001): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-1987(01)00221-5.
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Richard, Edward P., and Caleb D. Dalley. "Sugarcane Response to Bermudagrass Interference." Weed Technology 21, no. 4 (December 2007): 941–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-07-035.1.
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The competitiveness of three phenotypically different sugarcane cultivars with bermudagrass was determined in field trials. In trial one, bermudagrass biomass was 22% less in CP 70-321 than in HoCP 85-845 in the plant-cane crop, but biomass was 130 to 170% greater in CP 70-321 than in the other two cultivars during the second-ratoon crop. CP 70-321 emerges quickly following planting, which might have reduced bermudagrass growth in the plant-cane crop, but the lower stalk population of CP 70-321 might have promoted bermudagrass survival and growth during the second-ratoon crop. In trial two, there were no differences in bermudagrass biomass when comparing its establishment in the different cultivars. Sugarcane, averaged across cultivar, produced fewer stalks and was shorter when competing with bermudagrass. In the plant-cane crop, stalk populations were reduced 13 to 23%. In the first-ratoon crop, stalk population was reduced 8 to 15%. In the second-ratoon crop, stalk population was reduced 8 to 10%. Bermudagrass interference reduced sugar yields by 8 to 32% in the plant-cane crop, with reductions of no more than 9% in the first- and second-ratoon crops. The greater yield loss in the plant-cane crop in the first production year shows the importance of controlling bermudagrass in the summer fallow period prior to planting and during establishment of the plant-cane crop.
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Garside, A. L., and M. J. Bell. "Row spacing and planting density effects on the growth and yield of sugarcane. 1. Responses in fumigated and non-fumigated soil." Crop and Pasture Science 60, no. 6 (2009): 532. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp08311.
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It has been reported that high-density planting of sugarcane can improve cane and sugar yield through promoting rapid canopy closure and increasing radiation interception earlier in crop growth. It is widely known that the control of adverse soil biota through fumigation (removes soil biological constraints and improves soil health) can improve cane and sugar yield. Whether the responses to high-density planting and improved soil health are additive or interactive has important implications for the sugarcane production system. Field experiments established at Bundaberg and Mackay, Queensland, Australia, involved all combinations of 2-row spacings (0.5 and 1.5 m), two planting densities (27 000 and 81 000 two-eyed setts/ha), and two soil fumigation treatments (fumigated and non-fumigated). The Bundaberg experiment had two cultivars (Q124, Q155), was fully irrigated, and harvested 15 months after planting. The Mackay experiment had one cultivar (Q117), was grown under rainfed conditions, and harvested 10 months after planting. High-density planting (81 000 setts/ha in 0.5-m rows) did not produce any more cane or sugar yield at harvest than low-density planting (27 000 setts/ha in 1.5-m rows) regardless of location, crop duration (15 v. 10 months), water supply (irrigated v. rainfed), or soil health (fumigated v. non-fumigated). Conversely, soil fumigation generally increased cane and sugar yields regardless of site, row spacing, and planting density. In the Bundaberg experiment there was a large fumigation × cultivar × density interaction (P < 0.01). Cultivar Q155 responded positively to higher planting density in non-fumigated soil but not in fumigated soil, while Q124 showed a negative response to higher planting density in non-fumigated soil but no response in fumigated soil. In the Mackay experiment, Q117 showed a non-significant trend of increasing yield in response to increasing planting density in non-fumigated soil, similar to the Q155 response in non-fumigated soil at Bundaberg. The similarity in yield across the range of row spacings and planting densities within experiments was largely due to compensation between stalk number and stalk weight, particularly when fumigation was used to address soil health. Further, the different cultivars (Q124 and Q155 at Bundaberg and Q117 at Mackay) exhibited differing physiological responses to the fumigation, row spacing, and planting density treatments. These included the rate of tiller initiation and subsequent loss, changes in stalk weight, and propensity to lodging. These responses suggest that there may be potential for selecting cultivars suited to different planting configurations.
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Robertson, M. J., R. C. Muchow, R. A. Donaldson, N. G. Inman-Bamber, and A. W. Wood. "Estimating the risk associated with drying-off strategies for irrigated sugarcane before harvest." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 50, no. 1 (1999): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/a98051.
Full textAbstract:
The development of recommendations for drying-off management in sugarcane is difficult due to climatic variability and lack of knowledge of the sensitivity of changes in sucrose content and cane yield to severity of water deficit. Relative cane biomass targets were developed for drying-off irrigated sugarcane before harvest based on derived relationships between cane yield, cane dry weight, and sucrose concentration, using pooled data from previous field studies. These targets were then linked to a crop–soil model and long-term climate data to determine the economically optimum duration of drying-off, and its variability from season to season for 2 locations in Australia and one location in South Africa, for a range of harvest dates and soil types. The crop–soil model was validated on yields measured in 37 drying-off treatments conducted in South Africa and Australia. The simulation results show that the required drying-off duration can be highly variable, although the level of variability is not necessarily correlated with rainfall per se. There were interactions between soil type and harvest date, but not at every location. The systems approach outlined here can be useful in developing recommendations for drying-off where experience is limited, such as in expanding areas of sugar industries, for districts in which the practice of irrigation is increasing, or for harvest dates outside the current harvesting season.
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Sydor, Tobias, Steffen Schaffer, and Eckhard Boles. "Considerable Increase in Resveratrol Production by Recombinant Industrial Yeast Strains with Use of Rich Medium." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, no. 10 (March 26, 2010): 3361–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02796-09.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Resveratrol synthesis from p-coumarate was analyzed in different Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains expressing the 4-coumaroyl-coenzyme A ligase (4CL1) from Arabidopsis thaliana and the stilbene synthase (STS) from Vitis vinifera and compared between yeast cultures growing in rich or synthetic medium. The use of rich medium considerably improved resveratrol production, and resveratrol yields of up to 391 mg/liter could be achieved with an industrial Brazilian sugar cane-fermenting yeast.
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DE OLIVEIRA, ANA PAULA PESSIM, PETER J. THORBURN, JODY S. BIGGS, EDUARDO LIMA, LÚCIA HELENA CUNHA DOS ANJOS, MARCOS GERVASIO PEREIRA, and NELSON ÉLIO ZANOTTI. "THE RESPONSE OF SUGARCANE TO TRASH RETENTION AND NITROGEN IN THE BRAZILIAN COASTAL TABLELANDS: A SIMULATION STUDY." Experimental Agriculture 52, no. 1 (January 16, 2015): 69–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479714000568.
Full textAbstract:
SUMMARYTo evaluate the impact of trash management on sugarcane production and N fertiliser requirements in environmental conditions of Brazilian coastal tablelands, a simulation was conducted with APSIM-Sugar cropping systems model. The model was parameterised for, and validated against results from a long term (over 23 years) experiment comparing the system-burnt trash and green cane trash blanketing (GCTB), in Linhares-ES. Simulations were conducted over two crop cycles (14 years) with different management (100%, 75%, 50%, 25% GCTB and burnt trash), and N fertiliser rates from 0 to 240 kg ha−1 (in 40 kg ha−1 increments) on the ratoon crops, and 75% of these rates on the plant crops. Measured cane yields and soil carbon were simulated well by the model. The RMSE (root mean square error) of predictions in burnt and GCTB treatments were 14.02 Mg ha−1 and 13.45 Mg ha−1 for yield, and 0.09 and 0.13% for soil carbon. In the simulation, the cane yield responded positively to the GCTB systems. Optimum N rates were higher in the 100%, 75% and 50% GCTB than with burnt trash and 25% GCTB reflecting the greater yields under GCTB systems. The response to trash retention was dependent on N fertiliser, and it was smaller or even negative at lower N rates. With adequate N, the positive responses were predicted to occur in all crops after the imposition of GCTB system. The removal of any proportion of the trash reduced the potential sugarcane yield. The simulations showed that average environmental losses of N are likely to be greater from trash-retained systems at all N fertiliser rates.
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Millhollon, Rex W., and Hideo Koike. "Combined Effect of Disease and Herbicide Treatment on Yield of Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)." Weed Science 34, no. 1 (January 1986): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500026606.
Full textAbstract:
Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarumL.) was planted in the fall; the seed cane was healthy or infected either with sugarcane mosaic virus (strain H) or with ratoon stunting disease (RSD) (Clavibacter xyli). Herbicide treatments were applied the following spring and each subsequent spring during the 3-yr crop cycle. Hexazinone [3-cyclohexyl-6-(dimethylamino)-1-methyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione] at 1.1 kg ai/ha was applied as a soil foliage treatment when sugarcane was about 30 cm tall. The methyl ester of diclofop {(±)-2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy] propanoic acid} at 1.1 kg ai/ha and the sodium salt of asulam {methyl [(4-aminophenyl)sulfonyl] carbamate} at 3.4 or 3.8 kg ai/ha were applied as foliage treatments when sugarcane was about 90 cm tall. Both mosaic and RSD reduced yield of sugar/ha by 16% for the 3-yr crop, primarily by causing a decrease in stalk population. Hexazinone reduced yield of sugar/ha by 24% primarily by causing a decrease in both stalk population and sugar content of stalks. Diclofop reduced yield by 7% and asulam caused no significant yield loss. Combinations of disease and herbicide treatment reduced yields in an additive manner, with the combination of hexazinone and either mosaic or RSD causing a 38% reduction.
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Bell, M. J., and A. L. Garside. "Growth and yield responses to amending the sugarcane monoculture: interactions between break history and nitrogen fertiliser." Crop and Pasture Science 65, no. 3 (2014): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp13340.
Full textAbstract:
Experiments were established in the Burdekin Irrigation Area in North Queensland, Australia, to measure whether yield improvements from breaking the sugarcane monoculture or fumigating the soil could be modified by the application of different rates of nitrogen (N) fertiliser. Experiments were conducted in consecutive crop cycles (phase 1, planted 1998; phase 2, planted 2001) using the variety Q117, with the interaction between N applications and rotation histories discussed for the two plant crops. Histories consisted of alternate crop, bare fallow or mixed grass–legume pastures for periods of 42–66 months, compared with continuous cane as plough-out replant without (PORP) or with (PORP-F) soil fumigation. The N strategies involved combinations of N rates (0–180 kg N/ha) and application times (at planting, 90 days after planting (DAP) or split between these times) in phase 1 and N rates (0–300 kg N/ha) in phase 2. Histories had differing effects on N available to the cane crop and hence on response to N fertiliser. Some combinations of history and N rate were N-limited and strong linear relationships between biomass production or cane yield and crop N content could be developed. Critical N contents for biomass production (R2 = 0.93) and fresh-weight cane yield (R2 = 0.88) were 1.42 and 0.57 kg N/t, respectively. Application of N fertiliser was shown to have significant impacts on both tiller addition and the retention of tillers to produce harvestable stalks. However, the application of fertiliser N had limited (phase 1) or no (phase 2) capacity to provide the quantum of yield response in soil health benefits associated with breaking the sugarcane monoculture. Increasing N application rates above that required to optimise crop yield resulted in significant decreases in sugar content of cane and thus lower sugar yields. Yield increases solely from improved soil health (i.e. exclusive of N response) constituted advantages averaging 15% (phase 1) to 20% (phase 2) compared with PORP. These effects were manifest early in the establishment of primary shoots in the plant crops, although the longevity of these benefits was limited. Replanting cane after a 3-year crop cycle (plant, 1st and 2nd ratoon) on land that had been under pasture, crop, bare fallow or PORP-F histories (phase 2, cycle 2) showed carryover effects of histories on N availability and fertiliser N responsiveness, but limited yield impacts attributable to residual soil health benefits. These results reinforce the importance of crop rotation during breaks between sugarcane cycles to maintain soil health and improve crop productivity.
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Mouafo, Tene Hippolyte, Augustin Mbawala, and Robert Ndjouenkeu. "Effect of Different Carbon Sources on Biosurfactants’ Production by Three Strains ofLactobacillusspp." BioMed Research International 2018 (2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5034783.
Full textAbstract:
The potential of three indigenous bacterial strains (Lactobacillus delbrueckiiN2,Lactobacillus cellobiosusTM1, andLactobacillus plantarumG88) for the production of biosurfactants using sugar cane molasses or glycerol as substrates was investigated through emulsifying, surface tension, and antimicrobial activities. The different biosurfactants produced with molasses as substrate exhibited high surface tension reduction from 72 mN/m to values ranged from 47.50 ± 1.78 to 41.90 ± 0.79 mN/m and high emulsification index ranging from 49.89 ± 5.28 to 81.00 ± 1.14%. Whatever theLactobacillusstrain or the substrate used, the biosurfactants produced showed antimicrobial activities againstCandida albicansLV1, some pathogenic and/or spoilage Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The yields of biosurfactants with molasses (2.43 ± 0.09 to 3.03 ± 0.09 g/L) or glycerol (2.32 ± 0.19 to 2.82 ± 0.05 g/L) were significantly (p<0.05) high compared to those obtained with MRS broth as substrate (0.30 ± 0.02 to 0.51 ± 0.09 g/L). Preliminary characterization of crude biosurfactants reveals that they are mainly glycoproteins and glycolipids with molasses and glycerol as substrate, respectively. Therefore, sugar cane molasses or glycerol can effectively be used byLactobacillusstrains as low-cost substrates to increase their biosurfactants production.
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Gomes, Flávio Henrique Ferreira, Frederico Antonio Loureiro Soares, Antonio Evami Cavalcante Sousa, Edson Cabral da Silva, Marconi Batista Teixeira, Alefe Viana Souza Bastos, Cicero Teixeira Silva Costa, Vitor Marques Vidal, and Leonardo Rodrigues Dantas. "DRY MATTER ACCUMULATION AND SUGAR AND ALCOHOL YIELD OF SUGARCANE SUBMITTED TO NITROGEN SOURCES AND DOSES." Revista de Agricultura Neotropical 8, no. 2 (April 26, 2021): e5446. http://dx.doi.org/10.32404/rean.v8i2.5446.
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The study aimed to evaluate the nitrogen sources and doses application effects on the dry matter production and the sugar and alcohol gross yield of sugarcane (SP80-1816) in the cane-plant cycle in a dystrophic Red Oxisol. The experiment was conducted in the Fazenda Rio Paraiso II field, belonging to Usina Raízen, in Jataí - GO. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, arranged in a factorial scheme (2 x 4), with three replications. The treatments consisted of two nitrogen sources (urea and ammonium nitrate) and four nitrogen doses (0, 60, 120, and 180 kg ha-1). Dry matter variables were analyzed in sub-subdivided plots, as four evaluation periods were added (210, 250, 290, and 330 days after planting). The evaluation periods influenced sugarcane dry matter, and urea favored these variables to the ammonium nitrate's detriment. In contrast, the opposite occurred for stalk yield and sugar and alcohol yields, in which ammonium nitrate provided greater increments. The increase in nitrogen doses provided linear gains in practically all studied variables.
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Hartemink, Alfred E., and Lastus S. Kuniata. "Some Factors Influencing Yield Trends of Sugarcane in Papua New Guinea." Outlook on Agriculture 25, no. 4 (December 1996): 227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072709602500404.
Full textAbstract:
Commercial rainfed sugarcane cultivation in Papua New Guinea was begun in the early 1980s by Ramu Sugar Ltd. Over the last 15 years, annual cane yields have ranged from 28 to 88 tonnes/hectare, this wide variation being largely explained by sudden and catastrophic infestation by moth stem borers, cicadas, white grub and Ramu stunt virus. To a lesser extent yields were affected by weed competition, Changes in soil properties under continuous cultivation included decreases In pH, available phosphorus and exchangeable potassium, and some preliminary data suggest soil compaction. Leaf nutrient concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium also declined slightly. It is concluded that yields were largely influenced by insect pests and diseases, but that the management of soil fertility is likely to become increasingly important once those problems have been solved.
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Allsopp, Peter G., Timothy W. A. Fischer, George S. Bade, and David J. Dall. "Do farming practices influence the incidence of Childers canegrubs, Antitrogus parvulus Britton (Coleoptera : Scarabaeidae)?" Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 54, no. 3 (2003): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar02132.
Full textAbstract:
The impact of farming practices on numbers of Childers canegrubs was determined in southern Queensland by a survey of 441 field–year combinations that related practices to the numbers of second- and third-instar larvae in those fields, and by a field experiment that tested combinations of insecticide application, cultivation practices, and crop-residue retention on numbers of larvae and associated entomopathogens. There were significant differences in levels of infestation among years, soil types, crop ages, cultivars grown, insecticide-use strategies, crop-replacement strategies, intensity and frequency of tillage during crop replacement, and irrigation strategies. In the field trial, numbers of third-instar larvae declined as the larvae aged, probably through infection by the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae and the protozoan Adelina sp. Application at planting of the controlled-release insecticide suSCon Blue had an immediate effect on the number of larvae carried over from the previous crop cycle and this effect continued into the second-ratoon crop. The insecticide application increased cane and sugar yields, particularly in the first-ratoon crop. More intensive pre-planting tillage initially reduced numbers of larvae, but the effect did not continue into the ratoon crops. Management of crop residues had no consistent effect on numbers of larvae, but cane yields were higher and sugar content lower in the second-ratoon crop when residues were retained, and led to higher sugar yields where suSCon Blue had been applied. In general, long breaks between successive sugarcane crops, coupled with intensive tillage in that break and application of controlled-release insecticide, will reduce subsequent populations of larvae. The alternative strategy of herbicide destruction of the previous crop, long fallow with minimum tillage, replanting without controlled-release insecticide, and prudent use of transient insecticides in heavily infested ratoon crops will also minimise numbers and may allow better survival of entomopathogens. These strategies have been integrated into management practices attractive to growers.