Academic literature on the topic 'Sugar cane yields'
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Journal articles on the topic "Sugar cane yields"
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SEERUTTUN, S., C. BARBE, and G. McINTYRE. "Crop Cycle Length and Cane and Sugar Yields." Experimental Agriculture 35, no. 4 (October 1999): 407–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479799354016.
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Two series of trials were initiated to compare different lengths of crop cycles for sugarcane harvested every 12 months under the local conditions over a six-year period. The first series involved harvesting cane every 24 months and in the second series cane was harvested after 16 or 20 months alternately. All trials included four cane varieties except one in the second series where only three varieties were planted. Cumulative results for both series of trials showed a difference in favour of the 12-month cane crop. In the first series after six years, cane and sugar yields were reduced by 19–48% and 22–60% respectively in the 24-month-old canes compared with 12-month-old crops. The level of reduction varied with cane variety. In the second series, the declines in cane and sugar yields were smaller, 5–44% and 7–49% respectively. Cane lodging, which increased with length of crop cycle, led to greater weed infestation, increased damage by rats and rendered manual harvest more difficult.
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Yirsaw, T., K. Woldetsadik, and T. S. Workneh. "Effect of Harvest Time on Quality of Sugar Cane Cultivars." Advanced Materials Research 824 (September 2013): 293–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.824.293.
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Three commercial sugarcane varieties such as NCO-334, B52-298 and N14 were grown at Finchaa Cane Plantation, Ethiopia to determine the optimum harvest age for cane and sugar yields. Treatments consisted of factorial combination of varieties and five levels of harvest age were arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The varieties differed in stalk diameter and weight, and millable stalk number. Improvements in internodes number, stalk diameter and weight were increased with harvest age whereas internodes length and millable stalk number decreased with delay in harvesting. Varieties produced better juice quality in canes harvested at 17 months. NCO-334 attained its peak superior quality at the age of 15 months. This preliminary data on some indicator quality parameters imply that NCO-334 could be harvested at 15 months age in order to maximize sugar yield. However, more experiments are required to confirm the effect of harvesting time and variety on cane and sugar yield. Therefore, more research on detecting other quality parameters focusing on cane and sugar yield is recommended.
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Luo, Jun, Yong-Bao Pan, Liping Xu, Hua Zhang, Zhaonian Yuan, Zuhu Deng, Rukai Chen, and Youxiong Que. "Cultivar Evaluation and Essential Test Locations Identification for Sugarcane Breeding in China." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/302753.
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The discrepancies across test sites and years, along with the interaction between cultivar and environment, make it difficult to accurately evaluate the differences of the sugarcane cultivars. Using a genotype main effect plus genotype-environment interaction (GGE) Biplot software, the yield performance data of seven sugarcane cultivars in the 8th Chinese National Sugarcane Regional Tests were analyzed to identify cultivars recommended for commercial release. Fn38 produced a high and stable sugar yield. Gn02-70 had the lowest cane yield with high stability. Yz06-407 was a high cane yield cultivar with poor stability in sugar yield. Yz05-51 and Lc03-1137 had an unstable cane yield but relatively high sugar yield. Fn39 produced stable high sugar yield with low and unstable cane production. Significantly different sugar and cane yields were observed across seasons due to strong cultivar-environment interactions. Three areas, Guangxi Chongzuo, Guangxi Baise, and Guangxi Hechi, showed better representativeness of cane yield and sugar content than the other four areas. On the other hand, the areas Guangxi Chongzuo, Yunnan Lincang, and Yunnan Baoshan showed strong discrimination ability, while the areas Guangxi Hechi and Guangxi Liuzhou showed poor discrimination ability. This study provides a reference for cultivar evaluation and essential test locations identification for sugarcane breeding in China.
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Lencse, Reed J., and James L. Griffin. "Itchgrass (Rottboellia cochinchinensis) Interference in Sugarcane (Saccharumsp.)." Weed Technology 5, no. 2 (June 1991): 396–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x0002830x.
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Field studies were conducted in the northern and southern cane belt areas of Louisiana to determine the effect of itchgrass on sugarcane growth and yield. Itchgrass was allowed to interfere with sugarcane season-long, early-season from emergence in the spring until layby (last cultivation) in mid-June, and late-season from layby until harvest. Itchgrass germination occurred throughout the growing season. Populations of millable sugarcane stalks and yields of cane and sugar were similar for no interference, early-, and late-season interference. Season-long itchgrass interference reduced sugarcane stalk populations and cane and sugar yields an average of 34, 42, and 43%, respectively, compared with no interference.
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Johnson, Richard M., Michael P. Grisham, Kathryn Z. Warnke, and Jeri R. Maggio. "Relationship of Soil Properties and Sugarcane Yields to Red Stripe in Louisiana." Phytopathology® 106, no. 7 (July 2016): 737–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-09-15-0218-r.
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Symptoms of red stripe disease caused by Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae in Louisiana between 1985 and 2010 were limited to the leaf stripe form, which caused no apparent yield loss. During 2010, the more severe top rot form was observed, and a study was initiated to investigate the distribution of red stripe in the field and determine its effects on cane and sugar yields. Soil properties data, red stripe incidence, and sugarcane yields were all highly variable and were not randomly distributed in the field. Combined harvest data showed a negative correlation between yield components and red stripe incidence, with the strongest relationship between sucrose per metric ton and disease incidence. Red stripe incidence was positively correlated with several soil properties, including phosphorus, potassium, zinc, and calcium. Red stripe incidence also was found to increase with increasing nitrogen rate, with the greatest effects in heavy soils. Results also indicated that using red-stripe-infected cane as a seed source can significantly decrease shoot emergence, stalk population, and subsequent cane and sugar yields. These combined data suggest that red stripe disease can exhibit a highly variable rate of infection in commercial sugarcane fields and may also significantly decrease sugar yields.
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Singh, Anshuman, P. K. Bhatnagar, A. Q. Khan, and P. K. Shrotria. "Association of quality character with cane and commercial cane sugar yields in sugarcane." Sugar Tech 5, no. 3 (September 2003): 197–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02943636.
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Ogunwolu, E. O., T. E. Reagan, and K. E. Damann. "Efficacy of pest control strategies in Louisiana sugar cane: a preliminary survey." Journal of Agricultural Science 108, no. 3 (June 1987): 661–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600080102.
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SummaryAlthough the first or second clonal cuttings of heat-treated sugar cane were widely used for seed, differences were not detected among crop years or locations in the incidence of ratoon stunting disease. Sugar-cane mosaic virus (SCMV) disease was widespread in all areas surveyed; however, the plant cane crop had a lower incidence of SCMV than the first or the second ratoon crop. The estimated cane yield was increased approximately 19·4 t/ha by heat treatment during the 2-year survey period.The management system used to control the sugar-cane borer (SCB), Diatraea saccharalis (F.), was effective regardless of the crop year or area surveyed. Season-long SCB control was achieved by the use of two (1981) or three (1982) properly timed applications of insecticide and the use of a SCB moderately resistant variety resulting in an average of 6–9% bored sugar-cane internodes.Poor weed management, particularly with johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense(L.) Pers.), accounted for much of the reduction in cane yield (P < 0·01); the estimated yields of the second ratoon crop were substantially altered, particularly those of farms surveyed in the Bayou Lafourche area.
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Richard, Edward P., and James L. Griffin. "Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) Control in Sugarcane (Saccharumsp.) with Asulam Applied Alone and in Mixtures." Weed Technology 7, no. 3 (September 1993): 657–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00037507.
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Asulam applied POST alone and in mixtures with residual herbicides and with DSMA and MSMA was evaluated for johnsongrass control. Johnsongrass control following treatment with asulam at 3.7 kg ai ha−1was not improved by tank mixtures with the residual herbicides atrazine, metribuzin, pendimethalin, and terbacil compared with asulam applied alone. Johnsongrass injury symptoms appeared sooner when asulam was applied in mixtures with either DSMA or MSMA, but johnsongrass control 4 wk after treatment was similar to asulam applied alone. As a result of the johnsongrass control obtained with early POST treatments of asulam applied alone, cane and sugar yields were increased by 56 and 58%, respectively, when compared with the weedy check. Additional cane and sugar yield increases were not obtained by any of the asulam mixtures because johnsongrass control was not improved. Asulam applied again in May to johnsongrass regrowth improved late-season control in two of the three studies over a single early POST application, but cane and sugar yields were not increased.
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Viator, Ryan P., and Edward P. Richard. "Sugar and energy cane date of planting effects on cane, sucrose, and fiber yields." Biomass and Bioenergy 40 (May 2012): 82–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2012.02.002.
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Zeng, Xu-Peng, Kai Zhu, Jian-Ming Lu, Yuan Jiang, Li-Tao Yang, Yong-Xiu Xing, and Yang-Rui Li. "Long-Term Effects of Different Nitrogen Levels on Growth, Yield, and Quality in Sugarcane." Agronomy 10, no. 3 (March 4, 2020): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10030353.
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Nitrogen (N) plays an important role in sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrids) growth and development; however, long-term effects of N application levels on cane and sugar production in different sugarcane cultivars under field conditions remain unclear. In this study, we investigate the agronomic, yield, and quality traits in three sugarcane cultivars (GT11, B9, and ROC22) under different N levels (0, 150, and 300 kg/ha urea) from 2015 to 2019. Continuous four-year field experiments of plant and ratoon crops were carried out by using two-factor split-plot design. The results showed that N fertilizer application improved the tillering rate, stalk diameter, plant height, stalk weight, millable stalks/ha, cane yield, sugar yield and juice rate of cane, and the difference between N application and non-N application was significant. The cane yield, millable stalks/ha, juice rate, and juice gravity purity increased with the increase of N application, but the milled juice brix and sucrose % cane decreased with the increase of N application. The sugar yield was the highest at 150 kg/ha urea application, while the cane yield was the highest at 300 kg/ha urea application. Different N fertilizer application levels significantly regulated the activities of glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and the contents of chlorophyll and nitrate N in plant leaves, which reflected the regulation in nitrogen metabolism and alteration in dry matter production and distribution, cane yield and sugar accumulation in different sugarcane cultivars. During the four-year experiment duration, the cane yield and sugar yield generally showed ROC22 > B9 > GT11. These data suggested that 300 kg/ha urea application was suitable for the plant and first ratoon crops, and 150 kg/ha urea application was suitable for the second and third ratoon crops. Both cane and sugar yields could be the highest in a four-year production cycle under this circumstance.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sugar cane yields"
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Onpraphai, Thaworn, and n/a. "Information systems for regional sugar cane production forecasting and localised yield estimation: a Thailand perspective." University of Canberra. Resource, Environmental & Heritage Sciences, 2004. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060517.142422.
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Sugar is an important global agricultural commodity and a significant input to the
advanced industrialised world. Annual average global sugar production is around 120
million tonnes, with consumption around 118 million tonnes. Sugar is produced under
a broad range of climatic conditions in some 120 countries and is one of the most
heavily traded agricultural commodities (FAO, 2001). Plants produce sugar as a
storehouse of energy that is used as required. Approximately 70% of sugar is
produced from sugar cane while the remaining 30% is produced from sugar beet
(Sugar Knowledge International, 2001).
Thailand's cane and sugar industry is now one of the major sources of foreign income
for the country. The value of sugar exports (around 35 billion baht or AUD $1.5
billion per annum) ranks among the top ten exported commodities of the Thai
economy. Approximately 9.2% of annual global sugar production is exported from
Thailand (WTO, 2001).
The sugar industry is extremely complex and comprises individual links and
components in the supply and demand chain that are more delicately in balance than
with most other commodity based industries. Thailand's sugar production has been
characterized by greater extremes of variability than in most other sugar producing
countries. A unique combination of pests, disease, climate, soils, problems with plant
available moisture and the low technology basis of crop management has increased
production risk and uncertainty for the crop. Total tonnage of cane and sugar is
notoriously difficult to predict during the growing season and for a mature crop before
the harvest.
Accordingly, the focus of this research is on the development and testing of methods,
algorithms, procedures and output products for Sugar Cane Crop Forecasting and
Yield Mapping. The resulting spatial and temporal information tools have the potential
to provide the basis of a commercially deployable decision support system for
Thailand's sugar industry.
The scope of this thesis encompasses several levels within a geographical hierarchy of
scales; from regional, district, farm, and plot within a study area in northeastern
Thailand. Crop forecasting at regional level will reduce production risk uncertainty
while yield mapping and yield estimation at local, farm and plot scales will enable
productivity to be improved by identifying, diagnosing the cause of and reducing
yield variability.
The research has three main objectives. These are to:
Develop statistical analysis procedures and empirical algorithms expressing the
relationship between yield potential and spectral response of sugar cane yield as a
basis for mapping, monitoring, modeling, forecasting and management of sugar
production in Thailand.
Evaluate the validity of a technology based versus conventional approach to crop
forecasting and yield mapping, commencing with a series of testable null-hypotheses
and culminating in procedures to calibrate and validate empirical
models against verifiable production records. Outcomes are used to review and
evaluate existing and potential future approaches to regional crop forecasting,
localised yield mapping and yield estimation tools for operational use within
Thailand's sugar industry.
Identify, evaluate and establish performance benchmarks in relation to the
practicality, accuracy, timeliness, cost effectiveness and value proposition of a
satellite based versus conventional approach to crop forecasting and yield
mapping.
The methodology involved time series analysis of recorded sugar cane yields and
production outcomes paired with spectral response statistics of crops derived from
satellite imagery and seasonal rainfall records over a three year period within four
provinces, forty five component districts and 120 representative farms.
Spectral statistics were derived fiom raw multi-spectral satellite imagery (multitemporal
SPOT- VI at regional scale and Landsat 7 ETM+ imagery at local scale)
acquired during the 1999 to 2001 sugar cane seasons. Crop area and production
statistics at regional scale were compiled and furnished by the provincial sugar mill
and verified through government agencies within Thailand. Selective cutting at
sample sites within nominated fields owned by collaborating growers was undertaken
to validate localised differences in productivity and to facilitate yield variance
mapping.
Acquisition, processing, analysis and statistical modeling of remotely sensed satellite
spectral data, rainfall records and production outcomes were accomplished using an
empirical approach. Resulting crop production forecasting algorithms were
systematically evaluated for reliability by assessing accuracy, spatial and temporal
variability. Long term rainfall and district sugar cane yield and production records
were used to account for district and season specific differences between estimated
and recorded yields, to generate error probability functions and to improve the
accuracy and applicability of empirical models under more extreme conditions.
Limitations on finding and length of records constrained the number of seasons and
the area for which satellite imagery with contrasting levels of spatial and spectral
resolution could be acquired. The absence of verifiable long term production records
combined with limitations on the duration and area able to be covered by field trips
meant that time series analysis of paired data was necessarily constrained to a three
year period of record coinciding with the author's period of candidature. Accordingly,
although a comprehensive set of well correlated district and month specific yield
forecasting algorithms was able to be developed, temporal restrictions on data
availability constrained the extent to which they could be subjected to thorough
accuracy and reliability analysis and extended with confidence down to farm and field
scale.
A variety of approaches, using different parameter combinations and threshold values,
was used to combine individual districts and component farms into coherent groups to
overcome temporal data constraints and to generate more robust production
forecasting algorithms, albeit with slightly lower levels of apparent accuracy and
reliability. The procedures adopted to optimise these district groupings are
systematically explained. Component differences in terrain, biophysical conditions
and management approaches between district groupings are used to explain
differences in production outcomes and to account for apparent differences between
forecast versus actual yields between districts both within and between different
groups.
The outcomes of this research - particularly the data acquisition and analysis
procedures, empirical modeling, error assessment and adjustment techniques, and the
optimisation procedures used to facilitate grouping of districts - provide a practical
basis for the deployment of an operational sugar cane production forecasting and yield
mapping information system to facilitate planning and logistical management of
production, harvesting, transportation, processing, domestic marketing and export of
sugar from northeastern Thailand. At the local and farm level, yield maps and plot
based yield estimates will assist users to improve productivity by recognising,
identiwing and responding to potential causes of within and between field spatial
variability.
However, before such an information system can be confidently deployed, additional
resources will be required to obtain paired production records, spectral data fiom
satellite imagery and biophysical input data over a longer period to ensure that the
empirical models are operationally robust and to validate their accuracy under a wider
range of conditions by comparing forecasts with actual outcomes over larger areas
during the next few seasons.
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Cox, Graeme J. "A yield mapping system for sugar cane chopper harvesters." University of Southern Queensland, Faculty of Engineering and Surveying, 2002. http://eprints.usq.edu.au/archive/00004617/.
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[Abstract]: Yield maps provide essential information for the spatial analysis and evaluation of crop production management at a within field level. Technology has been developed to conduct yield mapping in various crops including grain, potatoes and forage, but as yet no technology exists for yield mapping sugar cane. The chopper harvester is the most common form ofmechanical harvester for sugar cane. Therefore, the goal of this research is to develop a yield mapping system for the chopper type sugar cane harvester.After a review, it is proposed that a suitable accuracy goal for the sugar cane mass flow sensor would be ‘less than 5% cumulative measurement error, 95% of the time (2 standard deviations), measured over a 100m2 harvest area’.Existing mass flow sensors for other crops are reviewed.Based on this review four potential techniques are proposed to measure the mass flow rate of sugar cane. These were defined as the chopper power, elevator power and feed roller separation and weigh pad. These weretested simultaneously by placing various sensors on a single harvester and comparing the sensor outputs with the mass flow rate as measured by a weigh truck. In this trial, all techniques offered potential but none produced results close to the accuracy goal. A weighing technique, known as the ‘weigh pad’, offered the most potential for improvement and potential to accurately measure the mass flow rate with a single calibration under all conditions. The weigh pad technique suffered from very small load cell sensitivity to flow rate, drift in baseline readings and susceptibility to mechanical noise/acceleration dynamics.An opportunity arose to install a complete yield mapping system on a harvester within a commercial operation. This opportunity was accepted to assess the potential for applying yield maps to the agronomic management of sugar cane. Because the weigh pad sensor required further development at this stage, chopper and elevator power were used as a measure of mass flow rate. A full yield mapping system was developed. Yield mapping, directed soil sampling and variable rate gypsum application was conducted on a case study field. Economic analysis shows a clear economic benefit when compared with standardmanagement.Analysis is conducted on the weigh pad sensor examining its susceptibility to mechanical noise/acceleration dynamics. Theory is developed to mathematically model the effects of acceleration dynamics on the accuracy of weigh pad sensor. Laboratory bench testing supported the mathematical model. From the theoretical and experimental analysis a number of conclusions are drawn:· The weigh pad should be made as light as possible to minimise the error due todynamic conditions.· Electronic analogue filters should be used to reduce the noise due to externalacceleration.· The weigh pad should be as rigid as possible to maximise its natural frequency.A new weigh pad sensor was designed based on these conclusions. Field trials indicated the effects of external accelerations dynamics were significantly reduced. Baseline drift was then found as the next major factor limiting accuracy. The baseline drift was principally caused by the secondary extractor fan of the harvester inducing a negative pressure on the weighpad. A rubber curtain placed between the weigh pad and the secondary extractor fan reduced the negative force on the weigh pad due to the secondary extractor fan by 74% (from 17 N to 4.4 N). Therefore it is recommended the curtain be used to minimise the impact of the secondary extractor fan on the baseline drift of the weigh pad.A yield mapping system has been developed for the sugar cane chopper harvester incorporating the weigh pad sensor, a ground speed sensor, a DGPS receiver, a yielddisplay/monitor and data logger. Three identical systems have been constructed and installed on three harvesters for the 1998 cane harvest season. The results show sugar cane could be yield mapped using standard yield mapping principles.The level of accuracy being achieved by the yield mapping system is less than 16% error, with 95% confidence, over a measurement area of approximately 1400 m2. Although theaccuracy achieved is not to the desired research goal, yield maps were produced with satisfactory detail to make agronomic management decisions. The reliability of the sugar cane yield mapping system under field condition in a commercial operation was satisfactory. However, two techniques are proposed (“auto-zeroing” and “batch weighing” techniques) to improve the accuracy and reliability of the weigh pad readings during wet or adverseharvesting conditions.After note: At the time of writing the NCEA along with Case Austoft (CNH) were continuing to conduct research and development on the system and are intending to make theyield mapping system available as a standard item on new harvesters and a retrofit unit on existing harvesters in the near future (C. Barret, per. comm. 2001). The proposed “autozeroing” and “batch weighing” techniques are being tested.
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Cerri, Domingos Guilherme Pellegrino. "Agricultura de precisão em cana-de-açucar : instrumentação de uma colhedora, mapeamento da produtividade e de atributos do solo." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/257228.
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Orientador: Paulo Sergio Graziano MagalhaesTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T10:35:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cerri_DomingosGuilhermePellegrino_D.pdf: 4121488 bytes, checksum: 9b91abea04eca837abde9f7e2597aa56 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005
Resumo: A presente pesquisa visa instrumentar uma colhedora de cana-de-açúcar para obtenção de mapas de produtividade da cultura e ao mesmo tempo, avaliar e correlacionar os atributos físicos e químicos do solo com os dados de produtividade. Os mapas foram elaborados para uma área de 42 ha da Usina São João Açúcar e Álcool localizada em Araras, SP. O sistema de mapeamento de produtividade de cana-de-açúcar desenvolvido (SIMPROCANA) utiliza células de carga como instrumento de determinação do peso do material colhido e é capaz de mensurar o fluxo de rebolos que passa pela esteira antes de serem lançados ao veículo de transbordo. Estes dados, juntamente com as informações obtidas por um Sistema de Posicionamento Global (GPS) instalado na colhedora, permitem, com o auxilio de um Sistema de Informação Geográfica ¿ SIG, a elaboração de mapa digital que representa a superfície de produção para a área colhida. Este sistema foi testado em laboratório e em campo. O SIMPROCANA representou satisfatoriamente a variabilidade espacial da produtividade da cultura. O peso obtido por esse sistema, comparado com o da carga de cana na balança da usina, apresentou um erro médio de 0,96% com um máximo de 6,4%. O resultado deixa de ser satisfatório quando se compara o peso obtido pelo SIMPROCANA com aquele proveniente do transbordo pesado no campo. O erro médio associado nesse caso é aproximadamente dez vezes maior quando se faz a associação com o peso na balança da usina. Os mapas dos atributos físicos e químicos do solo (granulometria, macro e micronutrientes, acidez, densidade e resistência à penetração) foram confeccionados com base em duas amostragens em anos consecutivos. Na primeira, com o auxílio de um veículo amostrador, foram coletadas 170 amostras na área de 42 ha em uma malha regular de 50 x 50 m. Na segunda, coletou-se 49 amostras em malha de 100 x 100 m definida em base nos alcances máximos obtidos pela análise geoestatística da primeira amostragem. Os resultados da primeira amostragem foram correlacionados com a produtividade da cana-de-açúcar obtida pela pesagem dos transbordos em campo. Esse método alternativo de avaliação permitiu a utilização dos resultados da primeira amostragem, uma vez que a colhedora não estava devidamente instrumentada. Os dados da segunda amostragem foram relacionados ao mapa de produtividade obtido pelo SIMPROCANA. Os resultados das análises físicas e químicas usados para a construção dos modelos dos semivariogramas se ajustaram melhor para a malha de 50 x 50 m do que à de 100 x 100 m. As correlações entre produtividade e atributos do solo apresentaram valores baixos. Os maiores índices ocorreram para as variáveis cobre (0,55), altitude (-0,47%) e teor de argila (0,51%). Apesar dessas baixas correlações, foi possível recomendar uma aplicação variada de insumos baseando-se exclusivamente nas informações dos atributos químicos do solo. Simulações mostraram que os custos de aplicação em taxa variada de fertilizantes fosfatados e potássicos são praticamente 50% menores do que o valor calculado para a taxa fixa. Em relação à calagem não houve variação significativa nos custos de aplicação do calcário pelas duas maneiras
Abstract: The present research aims to instrument a sugarcane harvester in order to obtain the crop yield maps and, at the same time, evaluate and correlate the physical and chemical attributes of the soil using the yield data. In order to obtain these maps, an area measuring 42 ha located at São João Sugar and Alcohol Mill in Araras, São Paulo, Brazil. The yield mapping system of sugarcane crop developed (SIMPROCANA) uses load cells as an instrument to weighing the harvested material and it is capable to measure the flow passing by the matting before being launched to the transport vehicle. These data, together with the information obtained by a Global Positioning System (GPS) installed on the harvester, allow the elaboration of a digital map with the help of a Geographical Information System - GIS that represents the production on the surface for the harvested area. This system was tested under laboratory and field conditions. SIMPROCANA represented satisfactorily the spatial variability of the crop yield. The weight obtained by this system compared with that of sugarcane load in a mill's scale presented an average error of 0.96%, with a maximum of 6.4%. The result is not satisfactory anymore when it compares the weight obtained by using SIMPROCANA with that from the transportation vehicle weighed in the field. The average error associated in this case is around ten fold higher, when the association with the weight obtained in the mill's scale is performed. In relation to the making of map of physical and chemical attributes of soil (granulometry, macro and micronutrients, acidity, density, and resistance to penetration), two samplings were made in consecutive years. In the first sampling, 170 samples were collected in a 42 ha area in a regular grid of 50 x 50 m, helped by a sampler vehicle. In the second one, 49 samples in a 100 x 100 m grid defined by the maximum reaching obtained by geostatistics analysis performed at the first sampling. The results of the first sampling were correlated with the sugarcane yield obtained by means of weighing the transport vehicle in the field. This alternative method allowed the using of the results from the first sampling once the harvester was not properly instrumented. The data from the second sampling were related to the yield mapping obtained by using SIMPROCANA. The results of the physical and chemical analyses used for the construction of semivariograms models adjusted better at the 50 x 50 m grid when compared to that of 100 x 100 m. the correlations between the yield and the soil attributes presented lower values. The higher indexes occurred for the variable altitudes (- 0.47%), clay rate (0.51%), and copper (0.55). Despite these low correlations, it was possible to recommend a varied rate application of inputs based exclusively on the information obtained from the chemical attributes of the soil. Simulation tests showed that the application costs under a varied rate of phosphated and potash fertilizers are practically half of the value calculated for a fixed rate. In relation to the liming, there was not significative variation in the prices of lime application spread by both methods
Doutorado
Maquinas Agricolas
Doutor em Maquinas Agricolas
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Bet, Jessica Angela. "Indutores de maturação e a qualidade tecnológica da cana-de-açúcar." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-03022016-144423/.
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Tecnologias que permitam explorar o potencial genético das variedades de cana-de-açúcar nos diversos ambientes de produção e possibilitem o planejamento da colheita são fundamentais para aumentar a rentabilidade do setor sucroenergético. Dentre estas tecnologias, o emprego de indutores de maturação destaca-se por possibilitar o manejo da cultura em seu sistema de produção e proporcionar melhorias na qualidade da matéria-prima. A utilização conjunta de maturadores e nutrientes em pré-colheita pode fornecer a indústria matéria prima de melhor qualidade tecnológica. Entretanto, questões relacionadas a épocas de utilização e a associação de maturadores com nutrientes não estão totalmente esclarecidas. Neste sentido, o propósito deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da aplicação de maturadores e nutrientes, em diferentes épocas de manejo, sobre parâmetros tecnológicos da cana-de-açúcar em início de safra. Foram conduzidos, em cana planta variedade RB 85 5453, dois experimentos compostos por 14 tratamentos: Controle, Orthosulfamuron, Etil-Trinexapac, Sulfometuron metil, Sulfometuron metil/ Boro 150 g/ha, Nitrato de Potássio, Boro 50 g/ha, Boro 150 g/ha, Boro 250 g/ha, Nitrato de Potássio + Boro 50 g/ha, Complexo de micronutrientes, Complexo de Micronutrientes + Biorregulador, Sulfometuron metil + Complexo de Micronutrientes, Sulfometuron metil + Complexo de Micronutrientes + Biorregulador; em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com 4 repetições. Foram realizadas 2 aplicações com intervalo de 33 dias entre aplicação. Os parâmetros Brix%, Fibra, Pol do caldo, Pol da cana), Pureza, Açúcares Redutores do Caldo, Açúcares Redutores da Cana e Açúcar Total Recuperável foram avaliados em intervalos quinzenais, aos 0, 15, 30, 45 e 60 dias após a aplicação dos produtos. Verificou-se que a utilização dos maturadores promoveu melhorias na qualidade da cana-de-açúcar e que a associação de nutrientes ao maturador não potencializou a ação dos maturadores. Diferentes épocas de aplicação dos produtos em pré-colheita resultaram em diferentes respostas da cana-de-açúcar.Technologies to exploit the genetic potential of the varieties of sugarcane in different production environments and enable the planning of crop are essential to increase the profitability of the sugarcane industry. Among these technologies, the use of ripeners stands out by enabling the management of culture in its production system and provide improvements in the quality of the raw material. The joint use of ripeners and nutrients before the harvest can supply the raw material of better quality technology industry, however, issues related to the use of times and the ripeners of association with nutrients are not fully clarified. In this sense, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of applying ripeners and nutrients at different times of management on technological parameters of sugarcane in early harvest. Were conducted, in sugarcane plant, variety RB 85 5453, two experiments consist of 14 treatments: Control, Orthosulfamuron, Ethyl-trinexapac, Sulfomethuron methyl, Sulfomethuron methyl + Boron 150 g/ha, Potassium Nitrate, Boron 50 g/ha, Boron 150 g/Ha, Boron 250 g/ha, Potassium Nitrate + Boro 50 g/ha, Complex micronutrients, Complex micronutrients + plant growth regulator, Sulfomethuron methyl + Complex micronutrients, Sulfomethuron methyl + Complex Micronutrients + Plant growth regulator; in a randomized block design with four replications. The applications were made on 28 March and 30 April. The parameters Brix%, fiber, Pol broth, Pol cane, Purity, reducing sugars, and recoverable total sugar were assessed at fortnightly intervals at 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days after application of the products. The use of ripeners promoted improvements in the quality of sugarcane and that the combination of nutrients to the ripeners didn\'t potentiate the action of ripeners. Different times of application of the products before the harvest resulted in different responses of sugarcane.
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Courtaillac, Nathalie. "Maitrise du cycle de l'azote dans le système vertisol - canne à sucre : conséquences sur la gestion des parcelles." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPL014N.
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En Guadeloupe, les rendements actuels de la canne cultivée sur vertisols sont inferieurs aux rendements attendus. Un des facteurs limitants d'après des diagnostics foliaires serait la nutrition azotée, en particulier pour les cannes en place depuis plusieurs années. L’objectif de cette étude est de (1) définir si cette déficience est réelle, si elle est cause ou conséquence de la limitation du rendement, (2) donner les bases du cycle de l'azote dans ce système vertisol canne. Les résultats indiquent une diminution de l'absorption d'azote et du rendement avec le nombre de repousses. Les coefficients réels d'utilisation de l'engrais (CRU%) varient entre 6 et 34%, et 30 à 40% de l'engrais azoté est immobilisé dans le sol (NiS %) après un cycle de culture. Les pertes d'azote sont comprises entre 26 et 39%. L'azote absorbe par la canne provient essentiellement du sol. En canne plantée, la capacité du sol à minéraliser l'azote est plus forte ; la productivité de l'engrais est nulle, mais l'efficience (CRU + NiS) est bonne. La limitation de l'absorption d'azote est attribuée principalement à deux facteurs : - la dégradation de l'état de fertilité du sol au fil des repousses résultant à priori d'une réduction du volume de la porosité structurale ; - les stress hydriques influant sur les transformations de l'azote dans le sol (la nitrification et la minéralisation nette augmentent lorsque la teneur en eau du sol passe de 45 à 55%). La limitation des rendements est causée par ces deux facteurs, et non par la diminution de l'absorption d'azote. La gamme optimale de teneur en eau pour les cannes et l'activité biologique est étroite, surtout si le volume de la porosité structurale est réduit. En repousse, il est donc nécessaire d'entretenir voire de régénérer l'état structural de ces vertisols, d'adopter une technique d'irrigation permettant à la fois de satisfaire les besoins en eau des cannes, et d'activer le turn-over de l'azote. Le pool d'azote du sol doit être maintenu notamment par l'enfouissement des pailles. L'apport d'azote (date, méthode, quantité) doit être raisonné en fonction des conditions hydriques et des besoins réels des cannes.
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Prado, Filho Anibal Pacheco de Almeida. "Aplicação foliar de nutrientes e hormônios na cana-de-açúcar em início de safra : produção e qualidade da matéria prima /." Botucatu, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/191492.
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Orientador: Carlos Alexandre Costa CrusciolResumo: O Brasil é o maior produtor mundial de cana-de-açúcar, sendo esta uma das principais culturas agrícolas cultivadas no país e de extrema importância para o cenário econômico nacional. Entretanto, ao longo das últimas safras, observou-se uma estagnação na produtividade média brasileira, consolidando-se muito abaixo do potencial genético produtivo das variedades aqui cultivadas. Diante disso, houve a necessidade de se desenvolver novas técnicas de manejo, visando aumentar os patamares de produtividade. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da nutrição via foliar no final do ciclo vegetativo, precedendo o estádio de maturação da cana-de-açúcar, bem como os efeitos dessa aplicação associada com reguladores vegetais visando aumento do teor de sacarose por tonelada de cana no início de safra. Para tanto, dois estudos foram conduzidos: i) aplicação de nutrientes associados ou não ao maturador no final do ciclo vegetativo e em pré-maturação; ii) associação entre hormônios vegetais, nutrientes e maturador aplicados em fase antecedente à maturação da cana-de-açúcar. Os experimentos foram instalados em quatro locais diferentes, situados nos municípios de Indiaporã, Luis Antônio, Pontal e Santa Maria da Serra, todos localizados no estado de São Paulo, no período de fevereiro a maio de 2017, sendo repetidos nas mesmas localidades e época no ano de 2018. Foram avaliadas as variáveis biométricas, tecnológicas e teor nutricional foliar. O delineamento experimental utilizado ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Mestre
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Soobadar, Aneeza. "Impacts agronomiques et environnementaux de l'épandage de vinasse et de cendre de charbon/bagasse sur les terres agricoles de l'Île Maurice." Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00464233.
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Des 85 000 hectares de terres agricoles à l'île Maurice, prés de 85% est occupé par la canne à sucre, le reste étant composé de maraîchage et des cultures fruitières. Pour assurer sa pérennité et sa viabilité économique à long terme, l'industrie cannière s'appuie dans son programme de réforme sur une revalorisation de ses sous produits en développant une industrie d'éthanol à partir de la mélasse et en utilisant plus efficacement la bagasse durant la période de récolte pour produire l'électricité. Cependant ces deux filières génèrent beaucoup de déchets (400 000 T/an de vinasse durant la distillation d'éthanol, et 40 000 T/an de la cendre de charbon/bagasse durant la production d'énergie électrique), qu'il faudrait valoriser et gérer avec le moins d'effet néfaste possible sur l'environnement. Parmi les moyens disponibles pour la gestion de ces déchets, le recyclage agricole semble être le plus attrayant du point de vue agronomique et également sous l'aspect de protection de l'environnement. Dans ce contexte pour valider cette pratique de recyclage agricole à l'Île Maurice, une étude a été entreprise pour connaître les effets de l'épandage de fortes doses de vinasse et des cendres de bagasse/charbon sur les sols, la culture de la canne à sucre et sur la qualité des ressources en eau. L'analyse de la vinasse et de la cendre de charbon et de bagasse échantillonnées à intervalle régulier de trois mois entre 2005 et 2008 a montré que leur composition chimique est très variable. Néanmoins la caractérisation de la vinasse a confirmé qu'avec sa teneur en K (moyenne de 9.37 g/L), elle est utile principalement comme engrais potassique quoiqu'à un taux de 100 m3/ha son apport en termes d'azote (moyenne de 122 kg N/ha) et en matière organique (8-15% de matière sèche) sera aussi appréciable. Des métaux lourds (Cu, Zn, Ni, Mn, Pb) étaient également présents dans la vinasse mais leurs concentrations étaient négligeables et ne dépassaient souvent pas la limite de détection du spectrophotomètre d'absorption atomique utilisé pour la mesure (5 mg/kg pour le Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb, 10 mg/Kg pour le Mn) A l'opposé de la vinasse qui est acide (pH de 4.5 en moyenne), la cendre de bagasse ou de charbon possède un pH alcalin variant entre 7.5 à 11.5, et peut de ce fait, être utilisée comme amendement pour corriger l'acidité dans les sols. Appliquée à un taux de 100 T/ha, la cendre de charbon représenterait une source importante de potassium (moyenne de 139 kg K/ha) et surtout de phosphore (moyenne de 298 kg P/ha) à la canne à sucre. Contenant très peu de métaux lourds (Cu, Zn, Ni, Mn, Pb et Hg) et en général pas de micropolluants organiques, la cendre de charbon ne risque pas d'accentuer la présence de ces polluants organiques ou inorganiques dans le sol, dans la canne à sucre ou dans la nappe phréatique. Les études au laboratoire ont par contre démontré que la cendre de bagasse/charbon était capable de fortement immobiliser par adsorption, les herbicides atrazine et hexazinone avec des valeurs de Km (coefficients de sorption) de 0.13 pour atrazine et 0.32 pour hexazinone, rendant minime le risque de transfert de ces herbicides vers la nappe souterraine. Les analyses de sol ont confirmé que l'apport de la vinasse baissait le pH (de 5.9 à 5.4 en moyenne), mais cette baisse n'était que temporaire et pas assez significative pour affecter la croissance de la canne. Le pH du sol retournait à sa valeur initiale peu de temps après l'épandage de 100 m3/ha de la vinasse. La cendre de charbon avait eu un effet inverse en augmentant le pH du sol quoique cette hausse ne fût également pas significative pour la culture de la canne. Epandues à 100 m3/ha et à 100 T/ha la vinasse et la cendre de charbon, respectivement, avaient tendance à hausser la salinité du sol qui restait toutefois bien en dessous du seuil de 1700 RS/cm acceptable pour la culture de la canne à sucre. Si la vinasse à 100 m3/ha augmentait le carbone organique dans certains sols, tel ne fut cependant pas le cas pour la cendre de charbon à 100 T/ha. La vinasse comme la cendre de charbon avait un effet positif sur le niveau de calcium et de magnésium échangeables dans le sol. Ainsi à 100 T/ha la cendre de charbon augmentait dans le sol de Pamplemousses le Ca échangeable de 3.40 à 6.61 cmol+/kg après 12 mois, tandis que durant cette même période la vinasse à 100 m3/ha, et malgré sa forte teneur en potassium, portait le Ca échangeable de 1.66 à 1.83 cmol+/kg dans le sol de Union Park. Les essais aux champs établis dans quatre localités avec des doses croissantes de vinasse (25, 50 et 100 m3/ha) ont montré que le rendement de la canne à sucre que ce soit sous forme de canne ou de sucre n'était pas affecté de façon négative par ce déchet. Au contraire les résultats obtenus durant les trois années d'étude, qui ont permis de récolter une canne vierge et deux repousses, ont démontré que la vinasse avait donné un meilleur rendement en canne (moyenne de 84.9 T/ha annuellement pour les quatre sites) que le traitement recevant NPK uniquement sous forme d'engrais minéraux (moyenne de 77.3 T/ha annuellement pour les quatre sites). Puisque tous les traitements avaient reçu le même taux d'azote et de phosphate, ce rendement plus élevé de la vinasse était A part une meilleure nutrition potassique, probablement dû à une amélioration de la qualité du sol grâce aux matières organiques apportées par la vinasse. D'autre part, la cendre de charbon à 100 T/ha était définitivement néfaste à la canne à sucre comme indiqué par le rendement en canne plus faible (moyenne de 67.5 T/ha annuellement pour les quatre sites). A 50 T/ha, l'effet de la cendre de charbon sur le rendement dépendait du type de sol, étant plus affecté dans les sols lessivés comme à Belle Rive que dans les sols moins lessivés de la zone sous humide comme à Pamplemousses. En raison de leur faible teneur en métaux lourds, la vinasse aussi bien que la cendre de charbon n'ont pas d'effet sur la concentration des métaux lourds présents dans la canne à sucre. Pour connaître l'effet de l'épandage de 100 m3/ha de vinasse et de 100 T/ha de cendre de bagasse sur la qualité des eaux souterraines, l'eau percolant après chaque grosse pluie à un mètre de profondeur sous des lysimètres établis sur deux sites avec une pluviométrie différente (1500 mm/an à Réduit et plus de 3500 mm/an à Belle Rive) avait été recueillie et analysée durant la période 2005 à 2008. Les résultats ont montré que la vinasse à 100 m3/ha n'accentuait pas les pertes d'azote sous forme de nitrate. Les métaux lourds les plus mobiles en l'occurrence le cuivre, le zinc et le nickel ont également été retrouvés dans les percolâts mais leurs teneurs restaient bien en dessous des seuils recommandés pour l'eau potable préconisé par l'Organisation Mondiale de la Santé , c'est-à-dire, 1mg Cu/L, 5mg Zn/L et 0.02 mg Ni/L. Les résultats de quenching de fluorescence de la matière organique dissoute de la vinasse et de ses fractions (issues de la dialyse) avec le cuivre ont confirmé une bonne complexation entre cette matière organique dissoute et le cuivre. La cendre de bagasse n'avait pas engendré une présence plus prononcée des métaux lourds et des micropolluants organiques dans les eaux drainant à un mètre de profondeur des lysimètres. La seule différence remarquée entre la vinasse et la cendre de bagasse, était une capacité accrue de cette dernière à mobiliser le nitrate dans le sol. Ainsi suite à l'apport de 100 T/ha de cendre de bagasse, la concentration du nitrate dans les percolâts avait durant la période de novembre 2005 à février 2008 dépassé en de nombreuses occasions à Belle Rive et Réduit respectivement, le seuil de 10 mg N-NO3- /L recommandé pour l'eau potable par l'Organisation Mondiale de la Santé. En conclusion, cette étude a donné des résultats forts intéressants et valables qui indiquent que si l'épandage des fortes doses de vinasse peut être accepté, celle de la cendre de charbon est à éviter puisqu'elle n'est pas sans conséquence nuisible pour les sols ou les cultures et même les eaux souterraines. En effet, les fortes doses de cendre de charbon dans les champs de canne à l'île Maurice, conduiraient à une baisse de production et à une pollution plus accentuée de la nappe souterraine par le nitrate
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ZHANG, YOU-FANG, and 張佑芳. "Study on the relationships of weather factors and cane and sugar yield of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L. ) in Taiwan." Thesis, 1990. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/01608603314494988564.
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Mashavhathakha, Khathutshelo Logan. "Yield and quality of pomegranate on selected geographical areas in Western Cape Province, South Africa." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/18409.
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The pomegranate fruit is one of the high valued crops, but there is insufficient information regarding the fruit properties in South Africa. The aim of the study was to evaluate the physico-chemical properties as well as total phenols, anthocyanin, antioxidant, organic sugars and acids of cultivar Wonderful on three locations of the Western Cape. This study was conducted on mature pomegranate fruits harvested in the 2012 and 2013 seasons. Fruit weight (g), length (mm), and width (mm), peel/aril colour and total arils weights (g) were measured. Fruits were also analysed for total soluble solids (TSS) or °Brix), titratable acidity (TA) and juice pH. Results of the study showed that there were significant differences in all measured factors with the exception of % aril yield between the three locations. Though varied per season, fruits produced at Bonnievalle had better physical and chemical properties than at the other localities. With the exception of Aril hue angle, all measured parameters had significant interaction effect regardless of locality (P<0.05).
Total soluble solids content varied from 16.0–17.3 (°Brix), pH values from 2.7–3.0, titratable acid content varied from 1.3–1.7 and maturity index from 9.7–13.4. The anthocyanin, total phenols and antioxidant were in order of 772–1134; 1611–1834 and 12.57–14.84. Organic acids (Citric and Malic) showed differences while Acetic acid was not significant in all areas and organic sugar (fructose, Glucose and Sucrose) all had significant differences. It can also be concluded that changes in colour of peel and arils of pomegranate (cv. Wonderful) was mostly as a result of seasonal variation as well as growing area as evident by the interaction between both main factors.Agriculture
M.Sc (Agriculture)
Books on the topic "Sugar cane yields"
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Burbank, Luther. Plants Which Yield Useful Chemical Substances: Observations on Sugar Cane, Hops and Sugar Beets. Athena University Press, 2004.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Sugar cane yields"
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"MECHANISTIC MODELLING PREDICTIONS OF SUGAR-CANE YIELDS IN SEVERAL LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES." In Environment and Crop Production, 211–40. CRC Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482280012-33.
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Romani, Luciana, Elaine de Sousa, Marcela Ribeiro, Ana de Ávila, Jurandir Zullo, Caetano Traina, and Agma Traina. "Mining Climate and Remote Sensing Time Series to Improve Monitoring of Sugar Cane Fields." In Data Mining, 1624–46. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-2455-9.ch085.
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This chapter discusses how to take advantage of computational models to analyze and extract useful information from time series of climate data and remote sensing images. This kind of data has been used for researching on climate changes, as well as to help on improving yield forecasting of agricultural crops and increasing the sustainable usage of the soil. The authors present three techniques based on the Fractal Theory, data streams and time series mining: the FDASE algorithm, to identify correlated attributes; a method that combines intrinsic dimension measurements with statistical analysis, to monitor evolving climate and remote sensing data; and the CLIPSMiner algorithm applied to multiple time series of continuous climate data, to identify relevant and extreme patterns. The experiments with real data show that data mining is a valuable tool to help agricultural entrepreneurs and government on monitoring sugar cane areas, helping to make the production more useful to the country and to the environment.
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Romani, Luciana, Elaine de Sousa, Marcela Ribeiro, Ana de Ávila, Jurandir Zullo, Caetano Traina, and Agma Traina. "Mining Climate and Remote Sensing Time Series to Improve Monitoring of Sugar Cane Fields." In Computational Methods for Agricultural Research, 50–72. IGI Global, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-61692-871-1.ch004.
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This chapter discusses how to take advantage of computational models to analyze and extract useful information from time series of climate data and remote sensing images. This kind of data has been used for researching on climate changes, as well as to help on improving yield forecasting of agricultural crops and increasing the sustainable usage of the soil. The authors present three techniques based on the Fractal Theory, data streams and time series mining: the FDASE algorithm, to identify correlated attributes; a method that combines intrinsic dimension measurements with statistical analysis, to monitor evolving climate and remote sensing data; and the CLIPSMiner algorithm applied to multiple time series of continuous climate data, to identify relevant and extreme patterns. The experiments with real data show that data mining is a valuable tool to help agricultural entrepreneurs and government on monitoring sugar cane areas, helping to make the production more useful to the country and to the environment.
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Sica, Pietro. "Sugarcane Breeding for Enhanced Fiber and Its Impacts on Industrial Processes." In Sugarcane [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95884.
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For centuries, sugar has been virtually the only commercialized product derived from sugarcane. Traditionally, sugarcane breeding programs focused exclusively on the increase of the sucrose content, abandoning characteristics such as biomass yield and fiber content. Recently, sugarcane gained prominence also for its potential in terms of biomass production. As a result, some sugarcane breeding programs began to look for ways to increase fiber content and biomass yield instead of sugar content. In the 1980s, Alexander created the concept of energy cane. Here we review the changes in the sugarcane breeding programs related to enhanced fiber instead of sugar content. Compare the energy generation of energy cane with other biomass crops. Also, the recent changes in the biomass and biofuels scenario, focusing on topics as 2G ethanol and the RenovaBio program, from the Brazilian Government, which will give carbon credits to biofuels. Although several studies demonstrate its potential for biomass production, energy cane is still a new technology on an experimental scale and has been struggling to reach and establish on a commercial scale. However, policies and new technologies are increasing the demand for lignocellulosic material. Therefore, this chapter connects these points and shows the potential of this new plant material for the coming years.
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Sunaryo, Yacobus, Maria Theresia Darini, Vita Ratri Cahyani, and Djoko Purnomo. "Potential Liquid Fertilizer Made from Goat Feces to Improve Vegetable Product." In Goat Science - Environment, Health and Economy [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99047.
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This study was carried out to examine the production of liquid fertilizer made from goat feces (LFGF) as well as the potency of LFGF for increasing plant growth and yield of vegetables. The study was conducted through 3 studies. The first study was begun with compiling a formulation for LFGF. The selected-raw-material was goat feces added with sugar and ZA, as well as EM (Lactobacillus sp., Actinomycetes sp., Streptomyces sp. and Yeast). The experimental results indicated that an increase in the concentration of ZA resulted in an increase in the total N and S content, as well as an increase EC of LFGF. Increased sugar concentration results in a decrease in pH and an increase in lactic acid content, whereas an increase in ZA decreases the formation of acetic acid. The use of sugar 25 g L−1 water and ZA 50 g L−1 water could produce the best quality of LFGF. The second study was to examine the selected LFGF combined with AB-Mix nutrient solution on the growth and yield of three types of leaf vegetables which were cultivated hydroponically. The results indicated that LFGF can potentially replace AB-Mix fertilizer by up to 50% in hydroponic vegetable cultivation. The third study was to examine the selected LFGF as nutrients availability of mustard that was cultivated in pots, given through planting media with a concentration of 1:40 L−1 water (EC 2300 μS cm−1). It shows that LFGF has the potential to increase the growth and yield of mustard plants in pots.
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Neumann, Marion, Lisa Hallau, Benjamin Klatt, Kristian Kersting, and Christian Bauckhage. "Cell Phone Image-Based Plant Disease Classification." In Biometrics, 778–805. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0983-7.ch032.
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Modern communication and sensor technology coupled with powerful pattern recognition algorithms for information extraction and classification allow the development and use of integrated systems to tackle environmental problems. This integration is particularly promising for applications in crop farming, where such systems can help to control growth and improve yields while harmful environmental impacts are minimized. Thus, the vision of sustainable agriculture for anybody, anytime, and anywhere in the world can be put into reach. This chapter reviews and presents approaches to plant disease classification based on cell phone images, a novel way to supply farmers with personalized information and processing recommendations in real time. Several statistical image features and a novel scheme of measuring local textures of leaf spots are introduced. The classification of disease symptoms caused by various fungi or bacteria are evaluated for two important agricultural crop varieties, wheat and sugar beet.
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Stein, Michael D., and Sandro Galea. "Can We Promote Public Health and Generate Return on Our Investment?" In Pained, 99–102. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197510384.003.0029.
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This chapter looks at how the country’s health investment remains resolutely focused on curative care. Perhaps people spend more on cure than they do on prevention because they believe keeping people healthy is too expensive. But is this true? An analysis set out to assess the return on investment for high-income countries that adopt efforts to improve health. The authors found that the median return on investment for public health interventions was 14 to 1—that is, for every dollar invested, it yields the same dollar back and another 14. They also found that the more these interventions were established at the wider, national level, the higher the return, rising up to about 40 to 1 for the best investments. These interventions include vaccination programs, taxes on sugar-sweetened beverages, building better cities to reduce falls, and early youth interventions to limit teenage pregnancy and delinquency. In other words, these are classic efforts to promote the public’s health by shaping the conditions in which people live.
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Das Jyoti, Subroto, Naima Sultana, Lutful Hassan, and Arif Hasan Khan Robin. "Epidemiology, Genetics and Resistance of Alternaria Blight in Oilseed Brassica." In Brassica Breeding and Biotechnology [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96454.
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Alternaria blight is one of the most deadly diseases of oilseed Brassica. This recalcitrant disease causes up to 50% yield loss across the globe. The disease is mainly caused by Alternaria brassicae and Alternaria brassicicola. These pathogens lack sexual stages and survive as conidia or condiospores on the debris of previous crops and susceptible weeds. Developing resistant oilseed Brassica cultivars to this disease has become a prime concern for researchers over the years. In absence of resistant oilseed Brassica cultivar, identification and introgression of resistance related genes can be a potential source for Alternaria blight resistance. As resistance toward Alternaria blight is governed by polygenes, intercrossing between the tolerant genotypes and subsequent selection will be the most appropriate way to transfer the quantitative resistance. For that reason, future breeding goal should focus on screening of germplasms for selecting genotypes containing resistance genes and structural features that favors resistance, like thick epicuticular wax, biochemical components such as phenols, phytoalexins and lower soluble sugars, reducing sugars and soluble nitrogen. Selected genotypes should be brought under appropriate breeding programs for attaining Alternaria blight resistance.
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Chellamuthu, Muthulakshmi, Selvi Subramanian, and Manonmani Swaminathan. "Genetic Potential and Possible Improvement of Sesamum indicum L." In Nuts and Nut Products in Human Health and Nutrition [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94885.
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Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is one of the traditional oil seed crop widely cultivated in many countries. The top producers of sesame seeds are mainly Tanzania, Myanmar, India, China and Japan. Sesame oil contains high level of unsaturated fatty acids (80%) and low levels of saturated fatty acids (20%). The main fatty acids are palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and trace amounts of linolenic fatty acids. Sesame seed contains 50–60% of high-quality oil rich in natural antioxidants such as sesamin, sesamolin, sesaminol and sesamol it enhances the stability and keeping quality of sesame oil. Sesame seeds have good sources of dietary fibre, fats, vitamins, minerals, proteins and rich in anti-oxidants. Polyunsaturated fatty acids in sesame will reduce the risk of high blood pressure, cardiac disorders and blood sugar levels. Sesame is believed to have been originated in India where maximum variability of genetic resources is available. High yielding varieties available to date have reached the yield plateau even with the advanced cultivation practices. The area under oilseed crops cultivation also reducing every year. Hence, there is an urgent need to increase the oil content and yield of Indian sesame varieties. Understanding the available germplasm and novel interventions to develop high yielding varieties warrant both molecular and phenotypic data which is meagre in case of sesame.
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Choi, Sang-Bong, and Yunsun Zhang. "Increasing Rice Productivity by Manipulation of Starch Biosynthesis during Seed Development." In Feeding a World Population of More Than Eight Billion People. Oxford University Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195113129.003.0017.
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The small-grain cereals, wheat and rice, are two of the major crops grown in the world and are used mainly as food. As the world population is projected to increase by 40% by the year 2020, these cereals can be expected to assume a much larger role in providing the basic daily dietary requirements required for human growth and development. This is especially true for rice where this cereal provides many of the dietary calories for about 50% of the world’s population, most of whom live in Asia. In view of constraints caused by the amount of available arable land and the limitations in chemical inputs in the environment imposed by the increasing use of sustainable agricultural practices, new approaches to increase the genetic yield potential of crop plants must be developed and implemented. Although dramatic improvements in the genetic yield potentials of wheat and rice were achieved during the so-called green revolution, only relatively small annual increases (1-2%) in the genetic yield potential have been attained in recent years. This trend is even true for maize (Duvick, 1992), despite the employment of the most modern biotechnological tools and resources available to the maize plant breeder. If we are to meet the challenge of feeding 8 billion people in the year 2020, it is clear that a major increase in genetic yield potential of cereal crops must be achieved. In very general terms, the genetic yield potential is dependent on source-sink relationships (Ho, 1988; Turgeon, 1989). Source leaves capture light energy and fix carbon dioxide to produce sugars and other metabolites. These organic compounds are exported from the source leaves and transported to developing sink tissues, for example, young developing leaves and new root tissue, which utilize these basic precursors for growth and development. Because of the importance of the primary processes of photosynthesis in controlling plant productivity, considerable research effort has been directed to increasing the efficiency of the source leaves. Plant productivity is also influenced by the capacity of sink tissues to uptake and assimilate photosynthate produced by source leaves or reconverted from storage reserves (Ho, 1988).
Conference papers on the topic "Sugar cane yields"
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Chen, Chih-Hung, and Chih-Yu Chen. "From City-like Settlement to Industrial City: A Case of Urban Transformation in Huwei Township." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5923.
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From City-like Settlement to Industrial City: A Case of Urban Transformation in Huwei Township. Chih-Hung Chen¹, Chih-Yu Chen¹ ¹ Department of Urban Planning, National Cheng Kung University No.1, University Rd., East Dist., Tainan City 70101, Taiwan ROC E-mail: chihhungchen@mail.ncku.edu.tw Keywords (3-5): Industrial City, City-like Settlement, Morphological Process, Town-Plan Analysis, Sugar Refinery Conference topics and scale: City transformations City-like Settlement (German: Teilweise Stadtähnliche Siedlungen) (Schwarz, 1989; Sorre, 1952) plays an important role in the course of civilization, especially the development of industrial cities. Accordingly, this study utilizes Town-Plan Analysis (Conzen, 1960) to deconstruct the relationships between industrialization and settlement formation in order to illustrate the common origin of cities in Taiwan as a result of the emerging economy at the turn of the 20th century. The industrial city of Huwei, known as the “sugar city” with largest yields of cane sugar in Taiwan, had the largest-scale sugar refinery in pre-war East Asia (Williams, 1980). The city has grown and transformed with the factory during the four phases of morphological periods, which began at the establishment of the sugar refinery and worker housing in the middle of the fertile flooding plain in western Taiwan. The spatial arrangement was directed to operational and management efficiency, characterized by the simple grids and hierarchy of layout along the riverside. As the industry enlarged, the new urban core was planned to support the original settlement with shophouses accumulated in the small grids. Followed by postwar modernism (Schinz, 1989), the urban planning again extended the city boundary with larger and polygonal blocks. In the fourth phase, however, the sugar refinery downsized, leading to the conversion of the worker housing and the merging of the factory and the city that slowly brought to its present shape. The morphological process results in the concentric structure from the sugar refinery, providing valuable references for the preservation of the sugar industry townscape, and unveils the influence of industrialization as well as the special urban development pattern in Taiwan. References (100 words) Conzen, M. R. G. (1960) Alnwick, Northumberland: A Study in Town-Plan Analysis, 2nd edition (1969), (Institute of British Geographers, London). Schinz, A. (1989) Cities in China (Gebrüder Borntraeger, Berlin and Stuugart). Schwarz, G. (1959) Allgemeine Siedlungsgeographie (Walter de Gruyter, Berlin). Sorre, M. (1952) Les Fondements de la géographie humaine (Reliure inconnue, Paris). Williams, J. F. (1980) Sugar: the sweetener in Taiwan’s development. In Ronald, G. K. (ed.), China’s island frontier. Studies in the historical geography of Taiwan, pp. 219-251. (University of Hawaii Press and the Research Corporation of the University of Hawaii, Honolulu)
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Domingos G. P. Cerri and Paulo Graziano Magalhães. "Sugar Cane Yield Monitor." In 2005 Tampa, FL July 17-20, 2005. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.18878.
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Caryn E. Benjamin, Dr. Michael P. Mailander, and Dr. Randy R. Price. "Sugar Cane Yield Monitoring System." In 2001 Sacramento, CA July 29-August 1,2001. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.7369.
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Song, Xiaoxu, Meng Zhang, Z. J. Pei, T. Deines, Q. Zhang, P. F. Zhang, and D. H. Wang. "Size Reduction of Poplar Wood Using a Lathe for Biofuel Manufacturing: A Preliminary Experiment." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-63748.
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Poplar wood can be used as feedstocks for manufacturing of cellulosic biofuels (e.g., ethanol) as liquid transportation fuels. Producing ethanol from poplar wood involves reducing poplar wood into small particles, hydrolyzing cellulose inside poplar particles to fermentable sugars, and converting these sugars to ethanol. Size reduction is usually done by wood chipping and biomass milling. In the literature on poplar biofuels, there are no reports on particle formation mechanisms or effects of size reduction on sugar yield. One important reason for the lack of such knowledge is that particle formation in current size reduction methods is not well controlled. This paper presents the first attempt to use a lathe to generate poplar particles (or chips) with well controlled mechanisms of chip formation. The objective is to experimentally determine relations among chip thickness, uncut chip cross-section area, shear angle (representing the deformation severity of the chips), crystallinity index, and sugar yield.
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Guruprasad, Ranjini B., Kalyan Dasgupta, Klanarong Sriroth, Panyawat Chattanrassamee, and Noppadon Khiripet. "Yield and Commercial Cane Sugar Estimation for Sugarcane in Thailand - a Case Study." In IGARSS 2020 - 2020 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss39084.2020.9324395.
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"Enhanced Pretreatment of Winery Solid Waste for High Reducing Sugar Yield." In Nov. 19-20 2018 Cape Town (South Africa). Eminent Association of Pioneers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17758/eares4.eap1118208.
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Zhang, Meng, Xiaoxu Song, P. F. Zhang, Q. Zhang, Z. J. Pei, T. Deines, and D. H. Wang. "Size Reduction of Cellulosic Biomass in Biofuel Manufacturing: Effects of Milling Orientation on Sugar Yield." In ASME 2011 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2011-50117.
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Cellulosic biofuels can reduce greenhouse gas emissions and the nation’s dependence on foreign oil. In order to convert cellulosic biomass into biofuels, size reduction of biomass is a necessary step. Most related studies in the literature claimed that smaller particles produced higher sugar yields. However, some researchers reported that this claim was not always true. The literature does not have satisfactory explanations for the inconsistence. This paper presents an experimental study on size reduction of poplar wood using a metal cutting process (milling). The results provided one explanation for this inconsistence. It was found for the first time that milling orientation had a strong effect on poplar wood sugar yield. Although smaller poplar particles had a higher sugar yield when they were milled from the same orientation, this trend did not exist for particles milled from different orientations.
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J. P. Molin and L. A. A. Menegatti. "Field-testing of a sugar cane yield monitor in Brazil." In 2004, Ottawa, Canada August 1 - 4, 2004. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.16159.
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Randy R Price, John Larsen, and Alex Peters. "Development of an Optical Yield Monitor for Sugar Cane Harvesting." In 2007 Minneapolis, Minnesota, June 17-20, 2007. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.23546.
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Zhang, Qi, Pengfei Zhang, Meng Zhang, Xiaoxu Song, Z. J. Pei, Obair Siddiqui, and Kangqi Fan. "Sugar Yield Comparison of Wheat Straw Processed by Two Pelleting Methods for Cellulosic Biofuel Manufacturing." In ASME 2012 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the 40th North American Manufacturing Research Conference and in participation with the International Conference on Tribology Materials and Processing. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2012-7228.
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Biofuels made from cellulosic biomass are an alternative to petroleum-based liquid transportation fuels. However, low density of cellulosic biomass causes high costs in biomass transportation and handling in cellulosic biofuel manufacturing. Such costs can be reduced by pelleting processes that can densify cellulosic biomass. Ultrasonic vibration-assisted (UV-A) pelleting and ring-die pelleting are two pelleting methods. A previous study has compared the two pelleting methods in terms of pellet quality and pelleting power consumption. This paper reports an experimental comparison on sugar yields of wheat straw processed by the two pelleting methods under different combinations of pretreatment variables. Results show that wheat straw processed by UV-A pelleting has higher sugar yield than that processed by ring-die pelleting when the higher temperature and longer time are applied in pretreatment. Under other combinations of pretreatment variables, wheat straw processed by UV-A pelleting has lower sugar yield than that processed by ring-die pelleting.