Academic literature on the topic 'Suffosion surface'
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Journal articles on the topic "Suffosion surface"
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Shcherbakov, S. V., V. N. Kataev, D. R. Zolotarev, and T. G. Kovaleva. "COVERED KARST LANDFORMS: COMPLEXIFICATION OF METHODS TO ESTIMATION OF MORPHOMETRIC PARAMETERS IN ENGINEERING PURPOSES." Engineering Geology 13, no. 6 (December 21, 2018): 10–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.25296/1993-5056-2018-13-6-10-23.
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The research is aimed to search of optimal solution in integration of various methods for predicting the sizes of karst-suffosion deformations on the ground surface or at the base of shallow foundations. Necessity of integration is dictated by engineering-geological conditionsof the karst areas and the complexity of their reliable study with using modern approaches (drilling, geophysics etc.). From this point of view increasing of authenticity of the final forecast is in direct dependency from completeness of investigation of sizes of observed surface karstforms and features of behavior soils massif above the karst cavity. The mechanism of the karst process in the soils thickness is defined, first of all, by geological structure (thickness and interleaving of different soil layers), hydrogeological conditions and the physical-mechanicalproperties of soils. At the present day are known three basic mechanisms of soil deformation over karst cavity: karst-collapse, karst-suffosion and karst-suffosion-collapse mechanism. Even in the conditions of one site these mechanisms can be interleave during the year, which makesthe karst formation process hard-to-predict in part of diameters of sinkholes and subsidence zones. Today are known and applicable next four methods to estimations of possible sizes of karst-suffosion deformations: 1) method of analogy, 2) probabilistic method, 3) deterministic(calculated) method, 4) laboratory physical modeling method. Each of four methods for predicting the sizes of karst-suffosion deformations has its own advantages and disadvantages, which limit the possibility of using any one of them in different natural environments of karstdevelopment. To improve objectivity and reach necessity accuracy of estimation of diameters and depths of surface karst deformations in engineering-geological purposes a block-scheme of integrations of different forecasting methods is recommended. This scheme is based on the data about surface karst area, the depth of occurrence of karst rocks and level of responsibility of the projecting object.
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Latypov, A. I., A. N. Garaeva, and O. V. Luneva. "CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SUFFOSION HAZARD OF THE TERRITORY OF THE BUGULMA PLATEAU OF THE BUGULMA-BELEBEY UPLAND." Gruntovedenie 1, no. 18 (2022): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.53278/2306-9139-2022-1-18-31-42.
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This work is devoted to the studies of the territory, located in the south-eastern part of the Republic of Tatarstan. Despite the high anthropogenic development of the territory (several large cities are located in this part of the Republic of Tatarstan, several oil fields are being developed, a number of large industrial plants operate), the engineering and geological study is significantly inferior to the western and central parts of the Republic of Tatarstan.This is due to the wide spread of eluvial soils in this part of the territory, which everywhere come out on the daytime surface and are the basis of the foundations of buildings and structures. Except the high degree of diversity of physical and mechanical properties, as in area so in depth rates, these soils have a high degree of suffosion instability.This creates serious problems while design of the bases of buildings and structures composed of eluvial soils. Another problem is created by the fact that anthropogenic development of territories contributes to a significant activation of suffosionprocesses, and can lead to serious deformations of the foundations of buildings and structures.The purpose of the performed studies was to conduct a comprehensive engineering and geological assessment of eluvial soils with the identification of types of new weathering crusts, as well as an assessment of the suffusion danger of the Bugulma plateau territory, taking into account the parameters of fracturing and suffosion stability of soils.The authors present the results of the typification of laboratory studies, the main physical and mechanical properties, mineral composition and spatial patterns of the distribution of suffusion dangerous soils on the territory of the Bugulma plateau of the Bugulma-Belebey upland.Lithological varieties of eluvial soils are identified all forms of weathering crust in the studied area are described in detail. Based on spatial analysis in the ArcMap 10.8 software environment, a map of geological and geomorphological processes of the Bugulma plateau territory was constructed, karst-suffusion processes were classified according to geological, geomorphological, hydrogeological conditions in accordance with the types of geological environment.The assessment of the suffosion danger of soils of the studied territory was carried out, the parameters of fracturing and suffosion stability were calculated. It is established that all the differences of structureless eluvium developed in the upper part of the geological cross section within the studied territory are potentially suffosion-unstable. The calculations of suffosion damage have shown that studied area in terms of the intensity of Failure formation belongs mainly to moderately dangerous, and in river valleys and terraces deposit of large rivers like Ik, Sheshma, StepnoyZay — to moderately dangerous. The results will be useful both for making preliminary design decisions on undeveloped territories and for predicting the development of unfavorable engineering and geological processes on the areas of existing buildings and structures.
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Mikailsoy, F. D., and E. V. Shein. "Analytical Mathematical Model of Chemical Suffosion while Washing Saline Soils." Eurasian Soil Science 53, no. 9 (September 2020): 1247–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1064229320090100.
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Jiang, Zhen Wei, and Qi Yao Wang. "Study on the Formation and Repeated Opening Mechanism of Ground Fissures under the Role of Surface Water." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 3238–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.3238.
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The role of surface water is also the main reason for the formation and development of ground fissures. Five mechanisms were obtained on the formation of ground fissures under the role of surface water in the loess region through theoretical analysis, i.e., fissuring mechanism induced by loess collapsible deformation; that induced by dissolution and suffosion; that induced by water-loss shrinkage; that induced by hydraulic pressure; that induced by humidification and softening. As the role of surface water had certain phased and periodic characteristics, repeated fissuring mechanism of ground fissures was analyzed. Consequently, it could be known that the repeated fissuring of ground fissures under the role of surface water was mainly shown as horizontal openness and closure with little vertical displacement, and fissures were intersected and cross-cut with each other to form a complex network structure.
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Kochev, A. D., L. G. Chertkov, and I. L. Zayonts. "KARST-SUFFOSION PROCESSES ON THE TERRITORY OF MOSCOW AND THE PROBLEM OF THEIR HAZARD ASSESSMENT." Engineering Geology 13, no. 6 (December 21, 2018): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.25296/1993-5056-2018-13-6-24-32.
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The study of the processes leading to the formation of sinkholes on the surface of the earth on the territory of Moscow began in the late 60s of the last century. To date, 42 karst-suffusion funnels have been identified. Analysis of all the studied city sinkholes with their confirmedassociation with the ancient karst showed that their average size of these forms in the plan is 13.1 m, varying from 1.5 to 53 m. At the same time, all calculations of possible diameters of the sinkholes made during engineering-geological surveys in Moscow are usually reduced tovalues less than 3 m, less often they reach 5 – 6 m. The overwhelming number of specialists speak about the urgent need to change and improve the content of the set of rules in terms of engineering-geological surveys in karst areas. Existing calculation models are often usedunreasonably, often the result is tailored to the “necessary” values for designing engineers and builders. Hazard assessment of modern karstsuffosion processes, carried out on the basis of the “Hazard maps of ancient karst forms and modern karst-suffusion processes” (scale 1:10000) created by the specialists of the Sergeev Institute of Environmental Geoscience RAS and the State Unitary Enterprise Mosgorgeotrest in 2012, which determines the need for regional zoning using more meaningful criteria. The paper proposes a new approach, which takes intoaccount the results of the typification of geological-hydrogeological conditions of 42 karst-suffusion sinkholes formed in Moscow. In this case, the hazard prediction is carried out on the basis of an analysis of natural conditions, where a hazardous process has already beenimplemented with access to the surface in the form of such sinkholes.
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Makarova, N. V., A. S. Gusel’tsev, T. V. Sukhanova, and V. M. Makeev. "Geological conditions of suffosion processes development and their acitivity at Sal-Don neotectonic upland (Rostov NPP area)." Геоэкология. Инженерная геология. Гидрогеология. Геокриология, no. 6 (December 21, 2019): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869-78092019619-29.
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Suffusion processes and their influence on the stability of the Rostov NPP site are investigated. Geological, tectonic, geomorphological, hydrogeological conditions, as well as anthropogenic factors affect the development and intensification of suffusion. These conditions and factors include the following: predominance of Pliocene and Quaternary sands in the geological cross-section; the presence of clay aquiclude underlying sandy deposits; natural seasonal and human-induced fluctuations of the water level in the Tsimlyansk reservoir; as well as pumping of groundwater. The buried relief in the shape of a slope dissected by erosional gullies are also of great importance. These erosional depressions are probably channels, along which sand is removed to the Tsimlyansk water reservoir. It is suffusion that may be the reason of surface subsidence that causes deformation of ground basements and inclinations of some engineering structures at NPP. Recent tectonic conditions control the formation of active zones and fracturing in the mantle deposits favoring percolation of surface water. Suffusion amplified by tectonic and technogenic factors results in the subsidence of soil basement in some places at the NPP site, displacement of reference marks, and inclination of engineering structures.
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Fernandes Ferreira, Cristiano, Yawar Hussain, and Rogério Uagoda. "A semi-automatic approach for doline mapping in Brazilian covered karst: the way forward to vulnerability assessment." Acta Carsologica 51, no. 1 (December 8, 2022): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3986/ac.v51i1.10011.
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Doline mapping is paramount in the vulnerability and risk assessment of the underground karst environment by identifying cave-ground connectivity points at the surface. However, manual mapping is labour-intensive, slow and subjective, especially on a large scale. Therefore, the present study adopted a GIS-based semi-automatic approach for mapping large and medium-sized depressions/dolines in the Corrente river basin in Brazil, with a particular focus on the environmentally preserved areas of river Vermelho (APANRV Portuguese abbreviation) using remote sensing (DEM and Google Earth imagery) and field-based observations. Seven typical dolines forms (e.g., cockpit with drain insertion, collapse, collapse with river capture, suffosion, solution, cover collapse, and buried) are found from extensive field surveys. As an outcome of the proposed approach, two hundred and thirty-two medium to large-sized dolines have been identified and categorised into three main groups based on the cave density and local geology G1, G2, and G3. The high density of identified dolines (164 known caves) in G1 provides reconnaissance for future speleological works in the preserved areas. Additionally, the presence of a considerable number of dolines in the adjoining areas (G2 and G3) stresses the need to revise the existing boundaries of the APANRV. Results correlate well with the dolines sites marked using field surveys and Google Earth images. This doline mapping may help researchers in the groundwater vulnerability assessment and the protection of speleological heritage preserved in the caves.
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Eremina, Olga, Irina Kozliakova, Nadezhda Anisimova, and Irina Kozhevnikova. "Assessment of exogenous geological hazards in Moscow, Russia." Journal of Nepal Geological Society 55, no. 1 (June 4, 2018): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jngs.v55i1.22802.
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Exogenous geological processes are exerting a significant impact on urban geo environment in Moscow endangering both surface and subsurface constructions. For surface construction, the principle geohazards in Moscow are karst-suffosion sinkholes, land subsidence, landslides, and waterlogging. The subsurface construction is endangered by karstification and fracturing of limestone, decompaction and swelling of clay, quicksand phenomena, and groundwater breakthrough to tunnels. Different methods are applied to study geohazards depending on the purpose and the scale of study. At the preliminary investigation stage, small-scale mapping and zoning of city surface or subsurface appears to be the most appropriate for the qualitative assessment of the risk of economic losses caused by exogenous geohazards. Assessment of the geological risk in Moscow was carried out separately for already existing urban infrastructure and for future planned construction. For existing surface urban infrastructure, geological risk is considered to be an integral parameter of probable damage caused by geohazards and the anthropogenic load on the specific territories. The main aim of risk mapping in this case is outlining the territories, for which restrictions and prohibitions should be imposed for further urban engineering development. For future subsurface urban construction, the risk-analysis consists in assessing the impact of geohazards on the engineering structure by comparing the future expenditures for the construction and operation under different engineering geological conditions. The risk maps in this case will help planners to compare and make alternative project decisions in order to minimize the cost in future economic expenditures. Both approaches are successfully approved in this investigation in Moscow.
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Kozliakova, Irina V., Olga N. Eremina, Nadezhda G. Anisimova, and Irina A. Kozhevnikova. "Specific Features Of Geological Risk Assessment In Moscow." GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY 12, no. 4 (December 31, 2019): 159–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2019-85.
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The paper describes approaches to assessing geohazards and georisk of economic losses in Moscow. It is shown that for surface construction, the principle geohazards in Moscow are karst-suffosion sinkholes, land subsidence, landslides, and waterlogging. The subsurface construction is endangered by karstification and fracturing of limestone, decompaction, and swelling of clay, quicksand phenomena, and groundwater breakthrough to tunnels. The different procedures for the assessment of geological risk in Moscow have been suggested for already existing urban infrastructure and for future planned construction. For existing surface urban infrastructure, geological risk is considered to be an integral parameter of probable damage caused by geohazards and the anthropogenic load on the specific territories. The main aim of risk mapping in this case is outlining the territories, for which restrictions and prohibitions should be imposed for further urban engineering development. For future subsurface urban construction, the risk-analysis consists in assessing the impact of geohazards on the engineering structure by comparing the future expenditures for the construction and operation under different engineering geological conditions. The procedures of risk mapping elaborated for both approaches are described; the typification schemes are listed; and the relevant risk maps built for the Moscow territory are provided. The risk maps will help planners to compare and make alternative project decisions in order to minimize the cost in future economic expenditures. Both approaches are successfully approved in Moscow.
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Wilk, Krzysztof. "Hazards for buildings and structures caused by flood conditions." E3S Web of Conferences 45 (2018): 00101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184500101.
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Floods are one of the common natural phenomena that can cause a huge danger to people and building objects located in flood plains. The particularly severe effects of such disasters are felt in heavily urbanized areas [1, 2]. The development of river valleys causes difficulties in the flow of flood water and the protective embankments limit the possibility of the temporary accumulation of water. The consequence of this situation is increasing the level of the flood wave and thereby intensifying its negative impact. Damages to the building during inundations can be the result of not only the direct activity of the flood wave and surface water, but also changes in groundwater flow conditions, including the increase of their piezometric level [3, 4]. An increasing of groundwater pressure can intensify or initiate new phenomena related to permeability (suffosion, colmatation, etc.) and consequently conduce disadvantageous changes of soil substrate parameters [5]. The influence of such processes can be revealed later, after the floods stage recede. The local conditions of water flow and the ground structure have a direct impact on the probability of occurrence of specific phenomena threatening construction objects (initiated by floods).
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Suffosion surface"
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Froggatt, Ian John. "Groundwater disturbance and surface settlements around a de-watered sand and gravel quarry." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389768.
Full textBook chapters on the topic "Suffosion surface"
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Zerkal, Oleg V., and Olga S. Barykina. "Suffosion Landslides as a Specific Type of Slope Deformations in the European Part of Russia." In Progress in Landslide Research and Technology, Volume 1 Issue 2, 2022, 99–108. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18471-0_8.
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AbstractLandslide classification systems are based on the analysis of mechanisms of slope deformation and consideration of landslide-forming earth materials. The main types of landslide movement are fall, topple, slide, spread and flow. Within the European part of Russia, a specific type of slope deformation is often observed, where suffosion (the process of washout and mechanical removal of fine particles from saturated soils under the influence of infiltrating groundwater flow) plays an essential role. Suffosion landslides are defined as a type of complex landslide formed in regions characterized by alternating horizons of unsaturated and saturated sands, loams and clays. Such hydrogeological conditions occur in the European part of Russia, most of which is occupied by the East European Plain. In the East European Plain, suffosion landslides are confined to the valleys of large rivers and their tributaries (Volga, Oka, Don, etc.), where their volumes can reach several million m3. In the Volgograd and Moscow regions, suffosion can result in soil decompaction at the base of slopes, or the formation of underground cavities in massifs, niches and grottoes on slopes, ultimately leading to the formation of suffosion landslides. Suffosion landslides are complex displacements of waterlogged soil masses formed as a result of suffosion and the subsequent associated collapse of the sides of suffosion cavities and niches. Indicators of suffosion landslides are: (1) the presence of a prograding fan of finely dispersed material at the base of slope and adjacent terrain, whose boundaries often exceed the landslide limits; and (2) a large number of ledges of different sizes on the surface of the landslide body created by uneven settling of blocks into the roof of suffosion cavities, and on the sides of suffosion niches. Suffosion landslides are often elongated, horseshoe-shaped, or ∞-shaped with a narrowing in the central part formed in saturated soils breaching from an underground suffosion cavity. Suffosion landslides do not have a marked sliding surface. Rather, soil displacement occurs over layers with strongly dispersed groundwater. The displacement rate of such landslides depends on the scale and speed of development of mechanical suffosion at the base of the slope.
Conference papers on the topic "Suffosion surface"
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Shevnin, V. A., P. Cuevas Castellanos, K. V. Krivosheya, A. M. Pavlova, A. A. Ryjov, and A. A. Bobachev. "Resistivity Modeling of Sinkholes Effects Caused by Karst and Suffosion." In Near Surface Geoscience 2013. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20131329.
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