Journal articles: 'SuDS modelling'

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El Hattab, Mohamad H., Georgios Theodoropoulos, Xin Rong, and Ana Mijic. "Applying the Systems Approach to Decompose the SuDS Decision-Making Process for Appropriate Hydrologic Model Selection." Water 12, no. 3 (February 26, 2020): 632. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12030632.

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Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SuDS) have gained popularity over the last few decades as an effective and optimal solution for urban drainage systems to cope with continuous population growth and urban sprawl. A SuDS provides not only resilience to pluvial flooding but also multiple other benefits, ranging from amenity improvement to enhanced ecological and social well-being. SuDS modelling is used as a tool to understand these complex interactions and to inform decision makers. Major developments in SuDS modelling techniques have occurred in the last decade, with advancement from simple lumped or conceptual models to very complex fully distributed tools. Several software packages have been developed specifically to support planning and implementation of SuDS. These often require extensive amounts of data and calibration to reach an acceptable level of accuracy. However, in many cases, simple models may fulfil the aims of a stakeholder if its priorities are well understood. This work implements the soft system engineering and Analytic Network Process (ANP) approaches in a methodological framework to improve the understanding of the stakeholders within the SuDS system and their key priorities, which leads to selecting the appropriate modelling technique according to the end-use application.

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Lenaerts, J. T. M., M. R. van den Broeke, S. J. Déry, G. König-Langlo, J. Ettema, and P. Kuipers Munneke. "Modelling snowdrift sublimation on an Antarctic ice shelf." Cryosphere Discussions 4, no. 1 (February 9, 2010): 121–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tcd-4-121-2010.

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Abstract. In this paper, we estimate the contribution of snowdrift sublimation (SUds) to the surface mass balance at Neumayer, located on the Ekström ice shelf in Eastern Antarctica. A single column version of the RACMO2-ANT model is used as a physical interpolation tool of high-quality radiosonde and surface measurements for a 15 yr period (1993–2007), and combined with a routine to calculate snowdrift sublimation and horizontal snow transport. The site is characterised by a relatively mild, wet and windy climate, so snowdrift is a common phenomenon. The modelled timing and frequency of snowdrift events compares well with observations. This is further illustrated by an additional simulation for Kohnen base, where the timing of snowdrift is realistic, although the modelled horizontal transport is overestimated. Snowdrift sublimation is mainly dependent on wind speed, but also on relative humidity and temperature. During high wind speeds, SUds saturates and cools the air, limiting its own strength. We estimate that SUds removes around 16%±8% of the accumulated snow from the surface. The total sublimation more than triples when snowdrift is considered, although snowdrift sublimation limits sublimation at the surface. SUds shows a strong seasonal cycle, as well as large inter-annual variability. This variability can be related to the variability of the atmospheric conditions in the surface layer.

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Lenaerts, J. T. M., M. R. van den Broeke, S. J. Déry, G. König-Langlo, J. Ettema, and P. K. Munneke. "Modelling snowdrift sublimation on an Antarctic ice shelf." Cryosphere 4, no. 2 (May 10, 2010): 179–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-4-179-2010.

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Abstract. In this paper, we estimate the contribution of snowdrift sublimation (SUds) to the surface mass balance at Neumayer, located on the Ekström ice shelf in Eastern Antarctica. A single column version of the RACMO2-ANT model is used as a physical interpolation tool of high-quality radiosonde and surface measurements for a 15-yr period (1993–2007), and combined with a routine to calculate snowdrift sublimation and horizontal snow transport. The site is characterised by a relatively mild, wet and windy climate, so snowdrift is a common phenomenon. The modelled timing and frequency of snowdrift events compares well with observations. This is further illustrated by an additional simulation for Kohnen base, where the timing of snowdrift is realistic, although the modelled horizontal transport is overestimated. Snowdrift sublimation is mainly dependent on wind speed, but also on relative humidity and temperature. During high wind speeds, SUds saturates and cools the air, limiting its own strength. We estimate that SUds removes around 16%±8% of the accumulated snow from the surface. The total sublimation more than triples when snowdrift is considered, although snowdrift sublimation limits sublimation at the surface. SUds shows a strong seasonal cycle, as well as large inter-annual variability. This variability can be related to the variability of the atmospheric conditions in the surface layer.

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Lashford, Craig, Susanne Charlesworth, Frank Warwick, and Matthew Blackett. "Modelling the Role of SuDS Management Trains in Minimising Flood Risk, Using MicroDrainage." Water 12, no. 9 (September 13, 2020): 2559. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12092559.

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This novel research models the impact that commonly used sustainable drainage systems (SuDS) have on runoff, and compare this to their land take. As land take is consistently cited as a key barrier to the wider implementation of SuDS, it is essential to understand the possible runoff reduction in relation to the area they take up. SuDS management trains consisting of different combinations of detention basins, green roofs, porous pavement and swales were designed in MicroDrainage. In this study, this is modelled against the 1% Annual Exceedance Potential storm (over 30, 60, 90, 120, 360 and 720 min, under different infiltration scenarios), to determine the possible runoff reduction of each device. Detention basins were consistently the most effective regarding maximum runoff reduction for the land they take (0.419 L/s/m2), with porous pavement the second most effective, achieving 0.145 L/s/m2. As both green roofs (20.34%) and porous pavement (6.76%) account for land that would traditionally be impermeable, there is no net-loss of land compared to a traditional drainage approach. Consequently, although the modelled SuDS management train accounts for 34.86% of the total site, just 7.76% of the land is lost to SuDS, whilst managing flooding for all modelled rainfall and infiltration scenarios.

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Bird, R. J., E. Paterson, J. R. Downie, and B. K. Mable. "Linking water quality with amphibian breeding and development: a case study comparing natural ponds and Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS) in East Kilbride, Scotland." Glasgow Naturalist 27, Supplement (2018): 49–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.37208/tgn27s09.

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Amphibians have declined due to habitat loss and alteration. Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS) provide potential habitat for amphibians in urban landscapes. However, the contaminants they accumulate may cause increased pollutant exposure, and limited research has addressed whether differences in water quality between SuDS and natural ponds might restrict their use by amphibians. This study aimed to explore the effects of water quality on amphibian breeding and development in SuDS and natural ponds in East Kilbride, Scotland. A generalised linear modelling approach was employed to determine sources of variation in common frog (Rana temporaria) breeding and development in relation to pond size, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), chlorophyll and heavy metal concentrations. Key findings included that EC indicative of salt pollution was higher in SuDS than natural ponds, amphibians bred in both site types, but frog spawn clump densities were lower in SuDS, and tadpole development rates were higher in SuDS sites but decreased when aluminium concentrations exceeded concentrations those of surface water standards. However, pond desiccation was a significant element in the 2018 study year. It was concluded that natural ponds and SuDS varied in water quality but were important in supporting amphibian populations. However, water quality might influence amphibian development more than breeding attempts; implications and management recommendations are highlighted based on these observations.

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Zubelzu, Sergio, Leonor Rodríguez-Sinobas, Alvaro Sordo-Ward, Alan Pérez-Durán, and Rodolfo Cisneros-Almazán. "Multi-Objective Approach for Determining Optimal Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems Combination at City Scale. The Case of San Luis Potosí (México)." Water 12, no. 3 (March 16, 2020): 835. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12030835.

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A method for determining the optimal Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDs) combination at city scale is presented in this paper. A comprehensive set of SUDs categories comprising infrastructures aimed at either detaining and locally reusing or infiltrating precipitation are considered. A volumetric water balance is proposed for modelling hydrological processes in urban catchments. A multi-criteria approach combining a cost function and aims for both recharging aquifers and limiting runoff contribution to water courses is proposed to find the optimal SUDs combination. The water balance was run with each possible SUDs combination and the optimal set of SUDs was found. The method was applied to the Metropolitan Area of San Luis Potosí (Mexico). The optimal solutions in this case clearly promoted surface runoff detention and reuse over porous pavements and green roofs but they were sensitive to the considered costs. The SUD requirements to potential new urban developments for each catchment to comply with the original hydrological aims were also studied. The method requires customizing the cost function and using representative climatic data.

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Moore, S. L., V. R. Stovin, M. Wall, and R. M. Ashley. "A GIS-based methodology for selecting stormwater disconnection opportunities." Water Science and Technology 66, no. 2 (July 1, 2012): 275–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.172.

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The purpose of this paper is to introduce a geographic information system (GIS)-based decision support tool that assists the user to select not only areas where (retrofit) sustainable drainage systems (SuDS) could be implemented within a large catchment (>100 ha), but also to allow discrimination between suitable SuDS techniques based on their likely feasibility and effectiveness. The tool is applied to a case study catchment within London, UK, with the aim of increasing receiving water quality by reducing combined sewer overflow (CSO) spill frequency and volume. The key benefit of the tool presented is to allow rapid assessment of the retrofit SuDS potential of large catchments. It is not intended to replace detailed site investigations, but may help to direct attention to sites that have the greatest potential for retrofit SuDS implementation. Preliminary InfoWorks CS modelling of ‘global disconnections’ within the case study catchment, e.g. the removal of 50% of the total impervious area, showed that CSO spill volume could be reduced by 55 to 78% during a typical year. Using the disconnection hierarchy developed by the authors, the feasibility of retrofit SuDS deployment within the case study catchment is assessed, and the implications discussed.

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Viavattene, C., and J. B. Ellis. "The management of urban surface water flood risks: SUDS performance in flood reduction from extreme events." Water Science and Technology 67, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.537.

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The need to improve the urban drainage network to meet recent urban growth and the redevelopment of old industrial and commercial areas provides an opportunity for managing urban surface water infrastructure in a more sustainable way. The use of sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS) can reduce urban surface water flooding as well as the pollution impact of urban discharges on receiving waters. However, these techniques are not yet well known by many stakeholders involved in the decision-making process, or at least the evidence of their performance effectiveness may be doubted compared with more traditional engineering solutions often promoted by existing 1D/2D drainage models. The use of geographic information systems (GIS) in facilitating the inter-related risk analysis of sewer surface water overflows and urban flooding as well as in better communication with stakeholders is demonstrated in this paper. An innovative coupled 1D/2D urban sewer/overland flow model has been developed and tested in conjunction with a SUDS selection and location tool (SUDSLOC) to enable a robust management approach to surface water flood risks and to improve the resilience of the urban drainage infrastructure. The paper demonstrates the numerical and modelling basis of the integrated 1D/2D and SUDSLOC approach and the working assumptions and flexibility of the application together with some limitations and uncertainties. The role of the SUDSLOC modelling component in quantifying flow, and surcharge reduction benefits arising from the strategic selection and location of differing SUDS controls are also demonstrated for an extreme storm event scenario.

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Yildiz, Anil, and Ross A. Stirling. "Investigating green infrastructure as potential medium for ground heat exchangers." E3S Web of Conferences 205 (2020): 06013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020506013.

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Space heating and cooling comprises a significant portion of the overall energy consumption. Ground heat exchangers (GHE), are a sustainable alternative to conventional, non-renewably powered heating and cooling systems. Space is a scarce resource in densely urbanised areas, allocating dedicated locations to build GHE systems can result in high initial capital costs and an inflexibility in retrofitting. An alternative solution is to utilise existing, multi-benefit and resilient Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS) in cities. An investigation into the feasibility of utilising SuDS as sites for potential GHEs requires an understanding of their thermal and hydrological behaviour and boundary conditions. This study utilises a heavily-instrumented, vegetated lysimeter setup, exposed to atmospheric conditions, to test a pilot-scale SuDS heat exchanger. Heat rejection into the substrate of a SuDS has been simulated with the application of heat via voltage-controlled heating cables at a depth of 850 mm for 72-hour durations (at three different power inputs) with 96-hours between each power input. These heat dissipation periods are reflected in measured soil temperature profiles. Volumetric water content, matric suction, soil temperature and heat flux are monitored at various locations in the lysimeter. A finite difference modelling scheme has been developed to simulate the variation in soil temperature due to heat rejection.

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Ma, Yao, Xilin Xia, Qiuhua Liang, and Hongyou Wan. "Investigating the Impact of Spatial Distribution of Sustainable Drainage System (SuDS) Components on Their Flood Mitigation Performance in Communities with High Groundwater Levels." Water 14, no. 9 (April 22, 2022): 1367. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14091367.

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This paper investigated the impact of the spatial distribution of SuDS components on their flood reduction performance and the underlying mechanisms in a community with high groundwater levels. The effects of SuDS components’ connectivity, decentralized level, and installation position along the flow direction on the reduction of total discharge volume (TDV), average discharge flow rate (ADFR), maximum discharge flow rate (MDFR), inundated area (IA), average inundated depth (AID), and maximum inundated depth (MID) were studied by coupling of the storm water management model (SWMM) and high-performance integrated hydrodynamic modelling system (HiPIMS). The results demonstrate that the connectivity has a positive linear correlation with the reduction of TDV (R2 > 0.991), ADFR (R2 > 0.992), and MDFR (R2 > 0.958), while the decentralized level of rain gardens and green roofs present positive one-phase exponential correlation with the reduction of TDV (R2 > 0.935), ADFR (R2 > 0.934) and MDFR (R2 > 0.967). A better-integrated mitigation of TDV and ADFR could be achieved by installing SuDS upstream along the flow direction. The connectivity from green roofs to rain gardens has a positive effect on the reduction of AID and MID but leads to the increase of IA. The findings of this study may contribute to the development of general spatial distribution guidelines and strategies to optimize the overall performance of SuDS components, especially at a community scale.

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Rey-Mahía, Carlos, Felipe Pedro Álvarez-Rabanal, Luis Angel Sañudo-Fontaneda, Mario Hidalgo-Tostado, and Antonio Menéndez Suárez-Inclán. "An Experimental and Numerical Approach to Multifunctional Urban Surfaces through Blue Roofs." Sustainability 14, no. 3 (February 5, 2022): 1815. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14031815.

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Uncontrolled urban growth causes a number of problems associated with land use, stormwater management and energy generation. Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS) are positioned as an alternative to traditional constructive solutions, contributing towards the generation of multifunctional urban spaces for efficient stormwater management and energy consumption reduction. Nevertheless, this combined goal calls for a deeper understanding of the heat transfer processes that govern the temperature performance in SUDS in order to be further validated as infrastructure to house renewable energy elements. This study intends to determine the thermal properties of two types of blue roofs under extreme conditions of performance (wet and dry), depicting the operation features of their layers and comparing their performances based on the materials used. With this aim, a hybrid experimental methodology, combining laboratory and numerical modelling, was designed using standardized equipment (ISO 8990:1994 and ASTM C1363-05), improving previous methods proposed in the study of the thermal properties of SUDS. The section with expanded clay improved the hydraulic capacity by 4.8%. The section without expanded clay increased its thermal transmittance value by 64.9% under wet conditions. It was also found that the presence of water increased the equivalent thermal conductivity in both sections by 60%.

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Sanders, Matthew R., and Lyndall Jones. "Behavioural Treatment of Injection, Dental and Medical Phobias in Adolescents: A Case Study." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 18, no. 4 (October 1990): 311–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0141347300010417.

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This case study describes the use of a multi component behavioural programme in the treatment of a 13-year-old girl with multiple phobias of injections, dental and medical procedures who faced major surgery within 6 months. The treatment involved coping skills training, systematic desensitization, in vivo desensitization with participant modelling and homework assignments. Measures of anxiety via SUDS ratings, behavioural approach tests and self-report measures demonstrated the effectiveness of the treatment program and the subsequent maintenance of treatment effects at 8 months follow-up.

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Burszta-Adamiak, Ewa, and Janusz Łomotowski. "Modelling of percolation rate of stormwater from underground infiltration systems." Water Science and Technology 68, no. 10 (October 25, 2013): 2144–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.467.

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Underground or surface stormwater storage tank systems that enable the infiltration of water into the ground are basic elements used in Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS). So far, the design methods for such facilities have not taken into account the phenomenon of ground clogging during stormwater infiltration. Top layer sealing of the filter bed influences the infiltration rate of water into the ground. This study presents an original mathematical model describing changes in the infiltration rate variability in the phases of filling and emptying the storage and infiltration tank systems, which enables the determination of the degree of top ground layer clogging. The input data for modelling were obtained from studies conducted on experimental sites on objects constructed on a semi-technological scale. The experiment conducted has proven that the application of the model developed for the phase of water infiltration enables us to estimate the degree of module clogging. However, this method is more suitable for reservoirs embedded in more permeable soils than for those located in cohesive soils.

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Jumadar, A. S., A. Pathirana, B. Gersonius, and C. Zevenbergen. "Incorporating infiltration modelling in urban flood management." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 5, no. 3 (June 20, 2008): 1533–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-5-1533-2008.

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Abstract. Increasing frequency and intensity of flood events in urban areas can be linked to increase in impervious area due to urbanization, exacerbated by climate change. The established approach of conveying storm water by conventional drainage systems has contributed to magnification of runoff volume and peak flows beyond those of undeveloped catchments. Furthermore, the continuous upgrading of such conventional systems is costly and unsustainable in the long term. Sustainable drainage systems aim at addressing the adverse effects associated with conventional systems, by mimicking the natural drainage processes, encouraging infiltration and storage of storm water. In this study we model one of the key components of SuDS, the infiltration basins, in order to assert the benefits of the approach. Infiltration modelling was incorporated in the detention storage unit within the one-dimensional urban storm water management model, EPA-SWMM 5.0. By introduction of infiltration modelling in the storage, the flow attenuation performance of the unit was considerably improved. The study also examines the catchment scale impact of both source and regional control storage/infiltration systems. Based on the findings of two case study areas modelled with the proposed options, it was observed that source control systems have a greater and much more natural impact at a catchment level, with respect to flow attenuation, compared to regional control systems of which capacity is equivalent to the sum of source control capacity at the catchment.

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Tah, Ai Sher, How Tion Puay, and Nor Azazi Zakaria. "Mathematical Modelling of One-Dimensional Overland Flow on a Porous Surface." E3S Web of Conferences 65 (2018): 07002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186507002.

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Due to rapid urbanization, surface water drainage systems are designed to perform as natural drainage acting as water storage areas that allow infiltration and evaporation and to solve issues caused by traditional drainage system As there is an increase of attention on Sustainable Urban Drainage system (SuDs) to manage storm water, a simple yet efficient numerical model for flow over porous media is needed. The purpose of this research is to develop a numerical model for the simulation of flow over porous media. The model solves the unsteady one-dimensional Saint-Venant equation for the surface flow. The advection term in the momentum equation is solved using the Constrained Interpolation Profile (CIP) scheme which is of the third order accuracy. Averaged infiltration rate is estimated from the physical model experiment. The model is then used to simulate dam-break flow over porous bed and the result is verified against the experiment. The author found that the numerical model performed satisfactorily in terms of surface flow profile and the loss of total fluid volume through infiltration.

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D’Ambrosio, R., A. Balbo, A. Longobardi, and A. Rizzo. "Re-think urban drainage following a SuDS retrofitting approach against urban flooding: A modelling investigation for an Italian case study." Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 70 (April 2022): 127518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2022.127518.

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Joshi, Prabhat, Joao Paulo Leitão, Max Maurer, and Peter Marcus Bach. "Not all SuDS are created equal: Impact of different approaches on combined sewer overflows." Water Research 191 (March 2021): 116780. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2020.116780.

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Lashford, Craig, Tom Lavers, Sim Reaney, Susanne Charlesworth, Lydia Burgess-Gamble, and Jonathan Dale. "Sustainable Catchment-Wide Flood Management: A Review of the Terminology and Application of Sustainable Catchment Flood Management Techniques in the UK." Water 14, no. 8 (April 8, 2022): 1204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14081204.

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Climate change has seen increased pressures put on the existing ageing flood mitigation infrastructure. As a result, over recent decades there has been a shift from traditional hard-engineered approaches to flooding to more sustainable methods that utilise nature-based processes in order to slow flow, store water and increase infiltration. Doing so has resulted in a range of different nomenclature for such techniques, particularly in the rural environment. This paper takes a critical review of such terms to draw parallels in the different approaches, with the aim of developing a more unified, consistent approach to flood management. Furthermore, links have been drawn with the urban environment, where Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS) are used as a sustainable approach to urban flooding. The findings from this review have identified a series of issues that result from the current UK approach of differentiating between urban and rural flood risk, with funding often given for Natural Flood Management (NFM) projects separately to SuDS, with little integrated thinking from source to sea. Hence, the review suggests (1) a greater consideration of scale, focusing on the catchment as a whole, is required to ensure a more holistic approach to flood management, under the phrase “sustainable catchment-wide flood management”, to ensure that the focus shifts from NFM (rural) and SuDS (urban), to a more integrated catchment-wide approach; (2) the development of robust policy and regulatory framework, to ensure that such an approach is more widely adopted; (3) a greater consideration of the long-term costs is also required, with future research needed on the long-term maintenance costs of different methods; (4) the development of modelling approaches that can simulate flow at a range of spatial and temporal scales, to support stakeholders, such as local authorities, flood risk engineers and government agencies when considering flow not only in rural areas, but also to understand the impact beyond the immediate area around the scheme.

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Currie, Shawn R., Scott B. Patten, Jeanne VA Williams, JianLi Wang, Cynthia A. Beck, Nady El-Guebaly, and Colleen Maxwell. "Comorbidity of Major Depression with Substance Use Disorders." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 50, no. 10 (August 1, 2005): 660–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674370505001013.

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Objectives: In the Canadian adult population, we aimed to 1) estimate the 12-month prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) in persons with a diagnosis of harmful alcohol use, alcohol dependence, and drug dependence; 2) estimate the 12-month prevalence of harmful alcohol use, alcohol dependence, and drug dependence in persons with a 12-month and lifetime diagnosis of MDD; 3) identify socioeconomic correlates of substance use disorder–major depression comorbidity; 4) determine how comorbidity impacts the prevalence of suicidal thoughts; and 5) determine how comorbidity affects mental health care used. Methods: We examined data from the Canadian Community Health Survey: Mental Health and Well-Being (CCHS 1.2). Results: The 12-month prevalences of MDD in persons with a substance use disorder (SUD) were 6.9% for harmful alcohol use (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.2 to 8.5), 8.8% for alcohol dependence (95%CI, 6.6 to 11.0), and 16.1% for drug dependence (95%CI, 10.3 to 21.9). Conversely, the 12-month prevalences of harmful alcohol use, alcohol dependence, and drug dependence in persons with a 12-month diagnosis of MDD were 12.3% (95%CI, 9.4 to 15.2), 5.8% (95%CI, 4.3 to 7.3), and 3.2% (95%CI, 2.0 to 4.4), respectively. Regression modelling did not identify any socioeconomic predictors of SUD–MDD comorbidity. Substance dependence and MDD independently predicted higher prevalence of suicidal thoughts and mental health treatment use. Conclusions: SUDs cooccur with a high frequency in cases of MDD. Clinicians and mental health services should consider routine assessment of SUDs in depression patients.

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Ozdemir, H., C. C. Sampson, G. A. M. de Almeida, and P. D. Bates. "Evaluating scale and roughness effects in urban flood modelling using terrestrial LIDAR data." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 17, no. 10 (October 17, 2013): 4015–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-4015-2013.

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Abstract. This paper evaluates the results of benchmark testing a new inertial formulation of the St. Venant equations, implemented within the LISFLOOD-FP hydraulic model, using different high resolution terrestrial LiDAR data (10 cm, 50 cm and 1 m) and roughness conditions (distributed and composite) in an urban area. To examine these effects, the model is applied to a hypothetical flooding scenario in Alcester, UK, which experienced surface water flooding during summer 2007. The sensitivities of simulated water depth, extent, arrival time and velocity to grid resolutions and different roughness conditions are analysed. The results indicate that increasing the terrain resolution from 1 m to 10 cm significantly affects modelled water depth, extent, arrival time and velocity. This is because hydraulically relevant small scale topography that is accurately captured by the terrestrial LIDAR system, such as road cambers and street kerbs, is better represented on the higher resolution DEM. It is shown that altering surface friction values within a wide range has only a limited effect and is not sufficient to recover the results of the 10 cm simulation at 1 m resolution. Alternating between a uniform composite surface friction value (n = 0.013) or a variable distributed value based on land use has a greater effect on flow velocities and arrival times than on water depths and inundation extent. We conclude that the use of extra detail inherent in terrestrial laser scanning data compared to airborne sensors will be advantageous for urban flood modelling related to surface water, risk analysis and planning for Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS) to attenuate flow.

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Ozdemir, H., C. C. Sampson, G. A. M. de Almeida, and P. D. Bates. "Evaluating scale and roughness effects in urban flood modelling using terrestrial LIDAR data." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 10, no. 5 (May 14, 2013): 5903–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-10-5903-2013.

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Abstract. This paper evaluates the results of benchmark testing a new inertial formulation of the de St. Venant equations, implemented within the LISFLOOD-FP hydraulic model, using different high resolution terrestrial LiDAR data (10 cm, 50 cm and 1 m) and roughness conditions (distributed and composite) in an urban area. To examine these effects, the model is applied to a hypothetical flooding scenario in Alcester, UK, which experienced surface water flooding during summer 2007. The sensitivities of simulated water depth, extent, arrival time and velocity to grid resolutions and different roughness conditions are analysed. The results indicate that increasing the terrain resolution from 1 m to 10 cm significantly affects modelled water depth, extent, arrival time and velocity. This is because hydraulically relevant small scale topography that is accurately captured by the terrestrial LIDAR system, such as road cambers and street kerbs, is better represented on the higher resolution DEM. It is shown that altering surface friction values within a wide range has only a limited effect and is not sufficient to recover the results of the 10 cm simulation at 1 m resolution. Alternating between a uniform composite surface friction value (n = 0.013) or a variable distributed value based on land use has a greater effect on flow velocities and arrival times than on water depths and inundation extent. We conclude that the use of extra detail inherent in terrestrial laser scanning data compared to airborne sensors will be advantageous for urban flood modelling related to surface water, risk analysis and planning for Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS) to attenuate flow.

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Rentachintala, Lakshmi Raghu Nagendra Prasad, M. G. Muni Reddy, and Pranab Kumar Mohapatra. "Urban stormwater management for sustainable and resilient measures and practices: a review." Water Science and Technology 85, no. 4 (January 22, 2022): 1120–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2022.017.

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Abstract Stormwater drainage in urban areas has become a challenge due to the rapid and random growth of urban areas, removal of vegetation, reduction in the effectiveness of drainage infrastructure, and climate change. Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS), Low Impact Development (LID), Best Management Practices (BMP), Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) and the Sponge City Programme (SCP) are various aspects for urban stormwater management in a few parts of the world. Urban hydrology plays a vital role in the urban stormwater management system. However, optimal results can only be possible when the combined effect of climate change, land use patterns, reuse, treatment, ecology, and societal aspects are considered. There is a need to provide sustainable and resilient urban drainage systems to manage stormwater more efficiently. The present review has thoroughly discussed various features related to urban stormwater management, highlighted key drivers, identified knowledge gaps in each of the measures and/or practices, recommended future research needs of urban stormwater management to become sustainable and resilient. Integrated modelling approaches considering various key drivers including reuse and real time governance enables stormwater management to be sustainable and resilient in urban environments.

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Ramos, Helena M., and Mohsen Besharat. "Urban Flood Risk and Economic Viability Analyses of a Smart Sustainable Drainage System." Sustainability 13, no. 24 (December 15, 2021): 13889. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132413889.

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Urban drainage systems are in transition from functioning simply as a transport system to becoming an important element of urban flood protection measures providing considerable influence on urban infrastructure sustainability. Rapid urbanization combined with the implications of climate change is one of the major emerging challenges. The increased concerns with water security and the ageing of existing drainage infrastructure are new challenges in improving urban water management. This study carried out in the Seixal area in Portugal examines flood risk analyses and mitigation techniques performed by computational modelling using MIKE SHE from the Danish Hydraulic Institute (DHI). Several scenarios were compared regarding flood risk and sustainable urban drainage systems (SuDS) efficiency. To obtain a more accurate analysis, the economic viability of each technique was analyzed as well through (i) life cost analysis and (ii) taking into account the damages caused by a certain type of flood. The results present that the best scenario is the one that will minimize the effects of great urbanization and consequently the flood risk, which combines two different measures: permeable pavement and detention basin. This alternative allows us to fully explore the mitigation capacity of each viable technique, demonstrating a very important improvement in the flood mitigation system in Seixal.

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SUTCLIFFE, J. V., and Y. P. PARKS. "Hydrological modelling of the Sudd and Jonglei Canal." Hydrological Sciences Journal 32, no. 2 (June 1987): 143–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02626668709491174.

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Dumiter, Florin, Petre Brezeanu, Claudia Radu, and Florin Turcas. "Modelling Central Bank Independence and Inflation: Deus Ex Machina?" Studia Universitatis „Vasile Goldis” Arad – Economics Series 25, no. 4 (November 1, 2015): 56–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sues-2015-0027.

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Abstract Central bank independence represents the core element of assessing the complex relationship between government and central bank, having at background the fundamental issue of a free monetary policy decision-making process from the hands of the political circle. However, central bank independence is a multilevel concept within some social, economic and behavioral implications both for the central banks and for the society at whole. Central bank independence is needed in order to establish an autonomous central bank with a high degree of freedom in choosing its’ instruments, objectives, techniques and tactics. Moreover, a high degree of transparency for the public disclosure and monitoring of central bank operation and transaction is needed for the social barometer of the central bank. Consequently the central bank must have a high degree of accountability and responsibility vis - á - vis of the most democratic institution, i.e. Parliament. In this article it is presented a comprehensive study regarding the complex relationship between central bank independence and inflation by modeling these two monetary policy panacea, in order to make a fine tuning regarding the causal relationship established in a heterodox manner.

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Nguyen, Manh Hung, Haechang Jeong, Bu-Gi Kim, and Changjo Yang. "Tidal Farming Optimization around Jangjuk-sudo by Numerical Modelling." KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery 19, no. 4 (August 1, 2016): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5293/kfma.2016.19.4.054.

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Takács, J. "Equivalent Analytical Functions of Sums of Sigmoid like Transcendental Functions." Applied Mathematics and Nonlinear Sciences 3, no. 2 (July 19, 2018): 403–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21042/amns.2018.2.00030.

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AbstractThere is no mathematical solution to adding up transcendental functions other than numerical process. This paper put forward analytical method to model the sum of sigmoid like functions with an equivalent function. The Brillouin and Langevin as well as the error function, the tanh, sigmoid and the tan-1 functions are investigated, their equivalent functions are calculated for four components and the error between the numerical (computer assisted) result and the equivalent function is tested for accuracy. The best modelling function, the most useful to include into mathematical operations, is pointed out finally, based on its performance and convenience. The paper intends to help people involved mostly in modelling hysteresis in Magnetism and other field of research in physics.

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BERKES, ISTVÁN, LAJOS HORVÁTH, and JOHANNES SCHAUER. "ASYMPTOTIC BEHAVIOR OF TRIMMED SUMS." Stochastics and Dynamics 12, no. 01 (March 2012): 1150002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219493712003602.

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Trimming is a standard method to decrease the effect of large sample elements in statistical procedures, used, e.g., for constructing robust estimators. It is also a powerful tool in understanding deeper properties of partial sums of independent random variables. In this paper we review some basic results of the theory and discuss new results in the central limit theory of trimmed sums. In particular, we show that for random variables in the domain of attraction of a stable law with parameter 0 < α < 2, the asymptotic behavior of modulus trimmed sums depends sensitively on the number of elements eliminated from the sample. We also show that under moderate trimming, the central limit theorem always holds if we allow random centering factors. Finally, we give an application to change point problems.

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Gaga, Loghin, Andrei Gabor, Antonela Naaji, and Marius Constantin Popescu. "Analysis of the Evolution of SMEs in Western Romania Between 2011–2014, Using the Mathematical Modelling." Studia Universitatis „Vasile Goldis” Arad – Economics Series 26, no. 4 (November 1, 2016): 94–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sues-2016-0022.

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Abstract The SMEs in Romania, which remained reliable after the economic crisis, had a better dynamic of business development in relation to large and very large companies. The increase of the fiscal value of these companies has improved every year, leading to spectacular results in certain fields of activity, particularly services, trade and IT. After the economic crisis, the SMEs from the Western region had a dynamic business market, outstripping all other regions of economic development. The result was the increase in the number of SMEs and the number of jobs in this region. In this article, we propose a mathematical model based on multivariate analysis, specifically on cluster analysis, in order to analyse the economic activities of SMEs in the Western development region. Cluster analysis is a multivariate analysis method that includes algorithms able to identify and group efficiently and descriptively a similar group in terms of certain common properties, in a lot of time objects. The purpose of this paper is the analysis of the economic efficiency of SMEs’ activities in the Western area of Romania and the extraction of activities through modeling in order to maximise the efficiency of the companies in the future.

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Yusuf, Muhammad-Bashir Owolabi, and Onikosi-Alliyu Saidat Oluwatoyin. "User Acceptance of Crash Helmet by Motorcyclists in Malaysia: An Empirical Analysis." Studia Universitatis „Vasile Goldis” Arad – Economics Series 29, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 40–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sues-2019-0003.

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Abstract Malaysia ranks among the first twenty countries with the highest death rate from road accidents with death from motorcycle accidents accounting for more than sixty percent of this death rate. The Malaysian government, in the year 2010, started the enforcement of helmet (head protector) in an effort to reduce the rate of death from this source. This paper examines users‟ acceptance of helmet by motorcyclist, using the theory of reasoned action (TRA). The data for this study comes from field survey of motorcyclists in Malaysia. This data was analysed using structural equation modelling. It was discovered that different factors from the theory account for user acceptance of this novelty. The paper concludes by specifying the policy implications of this and recommends other ways of improvement.

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Somayasa, W. "Asymptotic modelling of corn plant data using moving sums (MOSUM) technique." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1341 (October 2019): 092007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1341/9/092007.

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Cuevas, Andres, and Jason Tan. "Analytical and computer modelling of suns–Voc silicon solar cell characteristics." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 93, no. 6-7 (June 2009): 958–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2008.11.041.

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Sun, Ziheng, Liping Di, and Juozas Gaigalas. "SUIS: Simplify the use of geospatial web services in environmental modelling." Environmental Modelling & Software 119 (September 2019): 228–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2019.06.005.

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Abdeljawad, Thabet, Dumitru Baleanu, Fahd Jarad, and Ravi P. Agarwal. "Fractional Sums and Differences with Binomial Coefficients." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/104173.

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In fractional calculus, there are two approaches to obtain fractional derivatives. The first approach is by iterating the integral and then defining a fractional order by using Cauchy formula to obtain Riemann fractional integrals and derivatives. The second approach is by iterating the derivative and then defining a fractional order by making use of the binomial theorem to obtain Grünwald-Letnikov fractional derivatives. In this paper we formulate the delta and nabla discrete versions for left and right fractional integrals and derivatives representing the second approach. Then, we use the discrete version of the Q-operator and some discrete fractional dual identities to prove that the presented fractional differences and sums coincide with the discrete Riemann ones describing the first approach.

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CONZE, JEAN-PIERRE, and STÉPHANE LE BORGNE. "LIMIT LAW FOR SOME MODIFIED ERGODIC SUMS." Stochastics and Dynamics 11, no. 01 (March 2011): 107–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021949371100319x.

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An example due to Erdős and Fortet shows that, for a lacunary sequence of integers (qn) and a trigonometric polynomial φ, the asymptotic distribution of [Formula: see text] can be a mixture of Gaussian laws. Here we give a generalization of their example interpreted as the limiting behavior of some modified ergodic sums in the framework of dynamical systems.

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Conze, Jean-Pierre, Stefano Isola, and Stéphane Le Borgne. "Diffusive behavior of ergodic sums over rotations." Stochastics and Dynamics 19, no. 02 (March 27, 2019): 1950016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219493719500163.

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For a rotation by an irrational [Formula: see text] on the circle and a BV function [Formula: see text], we study the variance of the ergodic sums [Formula: see text]. When [Formula: see text] is not of constant type, we construct sequences [Formula: see text] such that, at some scale, the ergodic sums [Formula: see text] satisfy an ASIP. Explicit non-degenerate examples are given with an application to the rectangular periodic billiard in the plane.

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Zhang, Zhehao. "NEW RESULTS ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF DISCOUNTED COMPOUND POISSON SUMS." ASTIN Bulletin 49, no. 1 (December 3, 2018): 169–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asb.2018.28.

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AbstractThis paper focuses on the distribution of Poisson sums of discounted claims over a finite or infinite time period. It gives two new results when claim amounts follow Mittag-Leffler distributions and two new results when claim amounts follow gamma distributions. Further, as Mittag-Leffler distribution is of heavy-tailed nature and its moments only exist for order strictly smaller than one, this distribution can be used for modelling insurance whose claim amounts are extremely large, that is, catastrophe insurance.

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Skowron *, Andrzej, and Jarosław Stepaniuk. "Hierarchical modelling in searching for complex patterns: constrained sums of information systems." Journal of Experimental & Theoretical Artificial Intelligence 17, no. 1-2 (January 2005): 83–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09528130512331315873.

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Erickson, K. Bruce. "Divergent sums over excursions." Stochastic Processes and their Applications 54, no. 1 (November 1994): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-4149(94)00014-x.

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Sung, Soo Hak. "Complete Convergence for Weighted Sums ofρ∗-Mixing Random Variables." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2010 (2010): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/630608.

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We obtain the complete convergence for weighted sums ofρ∗-mixing random variables. Our result extends the result of Peligrad and Gut (1999) on unweighted average to a weighted average under a mild condition of weights. Our result also generalizes and sharpens the result of An and Yuan (2008).

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Bowman, K. O., and L. R. Shenton. "Sums of powers of binomial coefficients." Communications in Statistics - Simulation and Computation 16, no. 4 (1987): 1189–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610918708812644.

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Khalil, Z., B. Dimttrov, and J. P. Dion. "A characteriszation of the geometric distribution related to random sums." Communications in Statistics. Stochastic Models 7, no. 2 (January 1991): 321–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15326349108807192.

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Toné, Arthur, and Iran Lima Neto. "Modelagem simplificada do fósforo total em lagos e reservatórios brasileiros." Revista DAE 221, no. 68 (December 10, 2019): 142–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.36659/dae.2020.012.

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Resumo O fósforo é considerado o principal fator responsável pela eutrofização de lagos e reservatórios. No presente estudo, utilizou-se um modelo transiente de mistura completa para analisar a dinâmica do fósforo em 40 lagos e reservatórios localizados nas regiões Nordeste, Sudeste e Centro-Oeste do Brasil. Os resultados con- firmaram a dependência do coeficiente de decaimento de fósforo com o inverso da raiz quadrada do tempo de residência hidráulica. No entanto, em virtude da elevada temperatura da água dos lagos e reservatórios do Nordeste, esse coeficiente assumiu valores cerca de duas vezes superiores àqueles observados em regiões de clima tropical. Por outro lado, devido à alta variabilidade de temperatura dos lagos e reservatórios do Sudes- te, o coeficiente oscilou entre valores extremos observados em regiões de clima temperado e semiárido. Em virtude disso, propôs-se uma equação geral para calcular o coeficiente de decaimento de fósforo como uma função não apenas do tempo de residência hidráulica, mas também da temperatura da água. Após validação e análise de sensibilidade do modelo proposto, o mesmo foi aplicado a um reservatório hipotético sujeito a variações temporais de volume, vazão, carga e temperatura da água. Espera-se que este modelo simplificado possa auxiliar na gestão de lagos e reservatórios brasileiros. Palavras-chave: Eutrofização. Temperatura. Qualidade da água. Abstract Phosphorus is considered the main factor responsible for eutrophication of lakes and reservoirs. In the present study, a transient complete mixing model was used to analyse phosphorus dynamics in 40 lakes and reservoirs located in the Northeast, Southeast and Central-West regions of Brazil. The results confirmed the dependence of the phosphorus decay coefficient on the inverse of the square root of the hydraulic residence time. However, due to the high-water temperature of the lakes and reservoirs of the Northeast, this coefficient assumed values about two times higher than those observed in regions of tropical climate. On the other hand, due to the high temperature variability of the lakes and reservoirs in the Southeast, the coefficient oscillated between extreme values observed in temperate and semiarid regions. As a result, a general equation was proposed to calculate the phosphorus decay coefficient as a function not only of the hydraulic residence time, but also of the water temperature. After valida- tion and sensitivity analysis of the proposed model, it was applied to a hypothetical reservoir subject to temporal variations of water volume, flow, load and temperature. This simple model will potentially assist in the management of Brazilian lakes and reservoirs. Keywords: Eutrophication. Temperature. Water quality.

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Homble, P., and William P. Mccormick. "Tail areas for randomly stopped sums defined on a Markov chain." Communications in Statistics. Stochastic Models 9, no. 4 (January 1993): 563–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15326349308807281.

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Jakubowski, Adam, Alexander V. Nagaev, and Zaigraev Alexander. "Large deviation probabilities for sums of heavy-tailed dependent random vectors." Communications in Statistics. Stochastic Models 13, no. 4 (January 1997): 647–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15326349708807444.

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Sperb, R. "An Alternative to Ewald Sums part I: Identities for Sums." Molecular Simulation 20, no. 3 (February 1998): 179–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08927029808024176.

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Gordienko, Evgueni, and Juan Ruiz de Chávez. "New continuity estimates of geometric sums." Journal of Applied Mathematics and Stochastic Analysis 15, no. 3 (January 1, 2002): 219–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1048953302000199.

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The paper deals with sums of a random number of independent and identically distributed random variables. More specifically, we compare two such sums, which differ from each other in the distributions of their summands. New upper bounds (inequalities) for the uniform distance between distributions of sums are established. The right-hand sides of these inequalities are expressed in terms of Zolotarev's and the uniform distances between the distributions of summands. Such a feature makes it possible to consider these inequalities as continuity estimates and to apply them to the study of the stability (continuity) of various applied stochastic models involving geometric sums and their generalizations.

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Kim, Daeyeoul, Abdelmejid Bayad, and Joongsoo Park. "Euler Polynomials and Combinatoric Convolution Sums of Divisor Functions with Even Indices." Abstract and Applied Analysis 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/289187.

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We study combinatoric convolution sums of certain divisor functions involving even indices. We express them as a linear combination of divisor functions and Euler polynomials and obtain identitiesD2k(n)=(1/4)σ2k+1,0(n;2)-2·42kσ2k+1(n/4) -(1/2)[∑d|n,d≡1 (4){E2k(d)+E2k(d-1)}+22k∑d|n,d≡1 (2)E2k((d+(-1)(d-1)/2)/2)],U2k(p,q)=22k-2[-((p+q)/2)E2k((p+q)/2+1)+((q-p)/2)E2k((q-p)/2)-E2k((p+1)/2)-E2k((q+1)/2)+E2k+1((p+q)/2+1)-E2k+1((q-p)/2)], andF2k(n)=(1/2){σ2k+1†(n)-σ2k†(n)}. As applications of these identities, we give several concrete interpretations in terms of the procedural modelling method.

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Li, Wei, Pingyan Chen, and Soo Hak Sung. "Complete Moment Convergence for Sung’s Type Weighted Sums ofB-Valued Random Elements." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1484160.

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Letp≥1/αand1/2<α≤1.Let{X,Xn, n≥1}be a sequence of independent and identically distributedB-valued random elements and let{ani, 1≤i≤n, n≥1}be an array of real numbers satisfying∑i=1naniq=O(n)for someq>p.We give necessary and sufficient conditions for complete moment convergence of the form∑n=1∞n(p-v)α-2E∑i=1naniXi-εnα+v<∞, ∀ε>0, where0<v<p.A strong law of large numbers for weighted sums of independentB-valued random elements is also obtained.

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Nadarajah, Saralees, and Samuel Kotz. "Proportions, sums and ratios." AStA Advances in Statistical Analysis 91, no. 1 (February 23, 2007): 93–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10182-006-0018-6.

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Journal articles on the topic 'SuDS modelling'

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