Journal articles on the topic 'Sudden disasters'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Sudden disasters.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Sudden disasters.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Cheng, Cheng, Qingtian Zeng, Hua Zhao, and Shansong Wang. "Similarity Calculation of Sudden Natural Disaster Cases with Fused Case Hierarchy—Taking Storm Surge Disasters as Examples." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 9 (August 31, 2022): 1218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10091218.
Full textAbstract:
Sudden natural disasters have the characteristics of complexity, unpredictability and frequency. To better manage and analyze sudden natural disasters promptly with the help of historical natural disaster cases, this study adopts the method of fused case structure to calculate the similarity between sudden disaster cases. Based on the disaster information of historical natural disaster cases, this paper aims to perform similarity measures for sudden natural disaster cases that contain textual information, data information and geographic location information at the same time. Taking storm surge disasters as examples, we designed a hierarchical case structure of “vertex-edge-label” based on the characteristics of sudden natural disaster cases. Then, we calculated the case similarity based on three aspects of sudden natural disasters, which were “case scenario”, “disaster damage” and “case structure”. Finally, we aggregated multiple factors to obtain the similarity between storm surge cases and conducted experiments on the historical storm surge cases in China. The result verified the feasibility and effectiveness of the method and showed a higher accuracy of the established aggregated multifactor method compared with the benchmark method.
2
Mishra, Vinaytosh, and Mohita G. Sharma. "Understanding Humanitarian Supply Chain Through Causal Modelling." South Asian Journal of Business and Management Cases 9, no. 3 (November 25, 2020): 317–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2277977920958084.
Full textAbstract:
Research Questions: Does being in the social welfare slow-onset disaster quadrant help in garnering resources during the sudden disaster? Theory: Humanitarian supply chain has been traditionally explained as a system involved in mobilizing people, resources, skills and knowledge for disaster relief operations. The established classification of disasters includes natural and man-made disasters. These are further classified into sudden- and slow-onset disasters. Social welfare supply chains happen to be a distinctive type of humanitarian supply chain working in slow-onset disasters such as poverty and drought. To understand the complex systems like humanitarian supply chain, system dynamics modelling is used. Type of the Case: Study of a phenomenon. Basis of the Case: In this study, we proposed a humanitarian supply chain case and system dynamics model that works as a social welfare supply chain. In the face of a calamity, operations are ramped up for the sudden-onset conditions. After the initial phase is over, operations are ramped down and again become stable. Protagonist: Absent. Findings: The study tests the results of four policy measures (a) increasing goodwill, (b) decreasing stringent directive, (c) increasing donor attitude and (d) a combination of all of these measures. These measures are additive in nature, and a humanitarian supply chain can use these policy measures to respond to a sudden disaster. Discussions: The case discusses various policy measures taken by the humanitarian supply chain during a sudden disaster. It also explores whether being in the slow-onset quadrant helps tack sudden disasters like earthquakes or terrorist attacks. An organization can start with decreasing the stringent measures in the case of a sudden disaster. Increasing donor attitude and goodwill requires long-term outreach efforts.
3
Mamuji, Aaida, and Bilel Kchouk. "Not all Natural Disasters are Covered Equal: A Focus on Canadian Media." Revue Gouvernance 14, no. 2 (April 26, 2018): 46–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1044935ar.
Full textAbstract:
When Canada launches a Matching Fund in response to natural disasters abroad, the federal government commits to match dollar-for-dollar donations made by the Canadian public to eligible charities participating in disaster-relief efforts. In this study, we used both quantitative and qualitative research methods to analyze Canadian news coverage in response to these humanitarian crises. We found that there was variance in media coverage depending on the nature of the natural disasters, namely whether the disasters were sudden-onset or slow-onset. Sudden-onset disasters not only benefited from more television airtime and print media, the content of coverage was characteristically different than slow-onset disasters.
4
Redwood-Campbell, L. "(A306) Primary Care in the First 72 Hours Post Disaster: A Crazy Idea or a Sensible Inclusion for Foreign Medical Teams?" Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (May 2011): s102—s103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11003232.
Full textAbstract:
The use and number of Foreign Field hospitals and Foreign Medical Teams being mobilized after sudden onset disasters in the past decade has increased significantly. Examples include Haiti (2010), China (2008) Pakistan (2005), and Iran (2003). Foreign medical teams do not just work in field hospitals anymore and new trends of how FMTs are engaged need to be taken into consideration. After sudden impact disasters, there is undoubtedly a high need for surgical response. The role of primary care, immediately after a disaster or emergency has sometimes been described as low priority and therefore not needed during the initial response to disasters and emergencies. This oral presentation will review trends in the primary care needs post disaster and the literature around it. Using the Health Resource Availability Mapping System (a model that is derived from the standard health cluster tool and used for collection, collation and analysis of health sector information) and modified to sudden onset disasters, which primary health services when will be reviewed. Discussion and brainstorming encouraged!
5
Yi, Jiao-Hong, Jian Wang, and Gai-Ge Wang. "Using Monarch Butterfly Optimization to Solve the Emergency Vehicle Routing Problem with Relief Materials in Sudden Disasters." Open Geosciences 11, no. 1 (August 29, 2019): 391–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geo-2019-0031.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract China has one of the highest rates of natural disasters in the world. In recent years, the Chinese government has placed a high value on improving emergency natural disaster relief. The goal of this research was to resolve a key issue for emergency natural disaster relief: the emergency vehicle routing problem (EmVRP) with relief materials in sudden disasters. First, we provided a description of the EmVRP, and defined the boundary conditions. On this basis, we constructed an optimization model of EmVRP with relief materials in sudden disasters. To reach the best solution in the least amount of time, we proposed an enhanced monarch butterfly optimization (EMBO) algorithm, incorporating two modifications to the basic MBO: a self-adaptive strategy and a crossover operator. Finally, the EMBO algorithm was used to solve the EmVRP. Our experiments using two examples EmVRP with relief materials in a sudden-onset disaster proved the suitability of EMBO. In addition, an array of comparative studies showed that the proposed EMBO algorithm can achieve satisfactory solutions in less time than the basic MBO algorithm and seven other intelligent algorithms.
6
Liu, Lulu. "Research on Digital Economy of Intelligent Emergency Risk Avoidance in Sudden Financial Disasters Based on PSO-BPNN Algorithm." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2021 (November 30, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7708422.
Full textAbstract:
In recent years, disasters have seriously affected the normal development of financial business in some regions. At the time of disaster, how to effectively integrate resources of all parties, deal with sudden financial disasters efficiently, and restore financial services in time has become an important task. Therefore, this paper adopts Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to improve the traditional BP Neural Network (BPNN) and finally constructs a Particle Swarm Optimization powered BP Neural Network (PSO-BPNN) model for the intelligent emergency risk avoidance of sudden financial disasters in digital economy. At the same time, the proposed algorithm is also compared to GA-BPNN and BPNN algorithms, which are also intelligent algorithms. Experimental results show that the hybrid PSO-BPNN algorithm is superior to GA-BPNN algorithm and BPNN algorithm in simulation and prediction effect. It can accurately predict the sudden financial disaster in recent period, so the model has a good application prospect.
7
Noji, Eric K. "The Public Health Consequences of Disasters." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 15, no. 4 (December 2000): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00025255.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractAlthough disasters have exacted a heavy toll of death and suffering, the future seems more frightening. Good disaster management must link data collection and analysis to the decision-making process. The overall objectives of disaster management from the viewpoint of public health are: 1) needs assessments; 2) matching available resources with defined needs; 3) prevention of further adverse health effects; 4) implementation of disease-control strategies; 5) evaluation of the effectiveness of the application of these strategies; and 6) improvement in contingency planning for future disasters.The effects of sudden-onset, natural disasters on humans are quantifiable. Knowledge of the epidemiology of deaths, injuries, and illnesses is essential to determine effective responses; provide public education; establish priorities, planning, and training. In addition, the temporal patterns for the medical care required must be established so that the needs in future disasters can be anticipated.This article discusses: 1) the nature of disasters due to sudden-onset, natural events; 2) the medical and health needs associated with such events and disasters; 3) practical issues of disaster responses; and 4) the advance organization and management of disasters. The discussion also includes: 1) discussions of past problems in disaster management including non-congruence between available supplies and the actual needs of the affected population; 2) information management; 3) needs assessments; 4) public health surveillance; and 5) linking information with decision-making. This discussion is followed by an analysis of what currently is known about the health-care needs during some specific types of sudden-onset, natural disasters: 1) floods; 2) tropical cyclones; 3) tornadoes; 4) volcanic eruptions; and 5) earthquakes. The article concludes with descriptions of some specific public-health problems associated with disasters including epidemics and disposition of corpses.All natural disasters are unique in that the regions affected have different social, economic, and health backgrounds. But, many similarities exist, and knowledge about these can ensure that the health and emergency medical relief and limited resources are well-managed.
8
Nia, S. P. S., U. Kulatunga, C. Udeaja, and S. Valadi. "IMPLEMENTING GIS TO IMPROVE HOSPITAL EFFICIENCY IN NATURAL DISASTERS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3/W4 (March 6, 2018): 369–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w4-369-2018.
Full textAbstract:
<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Over the past decades, the number of natural disasters has been growing around the world. In addition to damaging communities and infrastructures, unexpected disasters also affect service providers such as hospitals and health centers. Markedly, hospital safety from disasters is a challenge in all countries. With disaster damage to health systems resulting in human tragedy, huge economic losses, devastating blows to developmental goals, and shaken social confidence. Ensuring that hospitals and health facilities are safe and secure from disasters depend on implementing an appropriate method to mitigate adverse impacts on hospitals during incidents. Thus, disaster management becomes even more significant, as the health sector has been particularly vulnerable to damages.<br> So, it is crucial to develop appropriate mitigation and adoption method for healthcare facilities, to withstand the natural disasters such as earthquakes and floods. A comprehensive disaster plan is required to ensure a prompt disaster response and coordinated management of a multi causality incident. The aim of this research is to systemically and critically review the importance of hospitals in disaster events and this research attempts to reach a basic understanding to mitigate the risk of disasters in hospitals and improve the continuity of health services during or after disaster events. For this study, secondary information was retrieved from the literature review and document review on sudden-onset natural disasters in different parts of the world was collected. This study found some challenges and deliverables for disaster managers that could mitigate the risk of a natural disaster’s impact on a hospital. Accordingly, this research will evaluate the importance of disaster management for hospitals and the challenges that need to be considered during the disaster response.</p>
9
Lou, Xiao Chun, and Xie Yu. "Research on Emergency Management Methods of Incident Contingency in City Administration." Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 5809–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.5809.
Full textAbstract:
In recent years, the situation that a great number of cities in our country are facing sudden-onset natural disasters has become increasingly serious. And therefore, it has a very important significance to establish a rational and effective emergency management and effective response to all types of sudden-onset natural disasters in our cities. This article firstly classifies the urban disasters, summarizes its dangers, and analyzes the formation for the urban disasters. It elaborates the further approaches and strategies of the urban disaster contingency management. Among them, contingency management methods include the Global Positioning Systems (GPS) and Remote Sensing technologies (RS). And emergency management strategies are analyzed from prevention and preparation, formulating contingency plans, practicing emergency plans and other aspects. Additionally, the process is deduced from the practical application and has strong value to be promoted.
10
Lan, Tian Wei, Hong Wei Zhang, Jian Yang Yu, and Jun Han. "Study on the Correlation of Shallow Source Earthquake and Mine Dynamic Disasters in the Weast of Beijing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 416-417 (September 2013): 1942–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.416-417.1942.
Full textAbstract:
Mine dynamic disasters is due to a sudden release of energy by mine engineering disturbed. Shallow-focus earthquake is due to plate movement caused by sudden release of energy. In this paper, on the basis of plate tectonics, geophysical, In this paper, on the basis of plate tectonics, geophysical, through the shallow source analogy is the mechanism of dynamic disaster, earthquake and mine exploration seismic energy result in mine power. The mechanism of disaster analysis seismic energy has the possibility of mine dynamic disaster, combining shallow-focus earthquake and the mine dynamic natural disaster site scheduling, and shallow-focus earthquake and the mine dynamic disasters of space position relations. Analysis in complex geological conditions shallow-focus earthquake geological structure as the first energy transmission medium for mine power disaster role relationship, for the prediction of mine dynamic disaster and the effective prevention and control provides the basis of the production test.
11
Perez, Eddie, and Paul Thompson. "Natural Hazards: Causes and Effects: A Course in Disaster Management." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 9, no. 1 (March 1994): 78–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00040905.
Full textAbstract:
This self-study course will meet the needs of people involved in disaster management for both sudden-onset natural disasters (i.e., earthquakes, floods, hurricanes) and slow-onset disasters (i.e., famine, drought). The course is designed for government personnel, representatives of private, voluntary agencies, and other individuals interested in disaster management.The nine lessons for the course will be published successively in Prehospital and Disaster Medicine. Self-assessment tests will accompany each lesson. There also is a final examination offered for those who wish to earn continuing education units (CEUs) through the University of Wisconsin—Disaster Management Center (UW-DMC).
12
Downey, Davia C., and Laura A. Reese. "SUDDEN VERSUS SLOW DEATH OF CITIES." Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race 14, no. 1 (2017): 219–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742058x16000321.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThis paper constitutes a follow-up to an argument made during the late fall of 2005 that posited that many of the approaches and responses to sudden natural disasters might be effectively applied to areas experiencing more chronic economic decay. Using census, budgetary, and political data, including an analysis of planning and development documents, the paper addresses the following research questions:•What were the economic and social trajectories of Detroit and New Orleans prior to their respective disasters?•How did the responses to the hurricane impact New Orleans?•Despite the attention given to New Orleans, why do current conditions differ little from Detroit?The findings suggest that Detroit and New Orleans were clearly both highly distressed cities, with large minority populations and significant inequality prior to Katrina, although Detroit’s situation was arguably more severe. Significant media attention and investment in New Orleans appeared to follow in the wake of the hurricane. However, looking at federal and state investment in context suggests that it was not as high as might have been expected and implementation delays may well have lessened its impact. It is not at all clear that the response in New Orleans changed its economic trajectory much beyond that of Detroit, suggesting that the response to sudden disaster might not have aided the slow death of Detroit.
13
Kettaneh, Amani A., and John R. Slevin. "National Module for Helping Individuals with Physical Disabilities In Disaster Events." Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling 45, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0047-2220.45.1.3.
Full textAbstract:
Disasters can have potentially devastating consequences that may result in injury and loss of life for those who are unprepared for such emergencies. Preparation for sudden disasters is very important to protect the lives and health of people in any location. For individuals with mobility disabilities, disasters create more challenges and physical barriers in the resulting environment. Recent catastrophic events have demonstrated a disproportionate effect of emergency evacuations on individuals with physical disabilities. Most of the existing evacuation procedures are unfortunately not taking people with disabilities into consideration. This paper provides a national module withfour stages (protective, preventive, rescue, and reconstructive) to serve individuals with physical disabilities in disaster events.
14
Gully, Paul R. "Pandemics, regional outbreaks, and sudden-onset disasters." Healthcare Management Forum 33, no. 4 (February 5, 2020): 164–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0840470420901532.
Full textAbstract:
Pandemics of influenza, cholera, and plague are part of global history. Regional epidemics and pandemics of infectious diseases, primarily influenza A, continue to cause significant morbidity and mortality while remaining unpredictable in nature. Sudden-onset disasters such as earthquakes and floods occur with little warning. The consequences of climate change and environmental degradation can only be expected to increase the incidence of some infectious diseases and weather-related crises, adding to the unpredictability of such events. Health leaders, both in public health and healthcare, need to understand the international context and how coordination and response across or within jurisdictions will improve the likelihood of successful management of challenges. Public health emergencies respect no borders or political structures. The ability of institutions to adapt quickly can make a difference in health outcomes and a community’s trust in those institutions.
15
Rossodivita, A. "(A340) The Role of Field Hospitals in Severe Environments — Guidelines to Prepare and Build a Field Hospital during a Disaster." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (May 2011): s95—s96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11003244.
Full textAbstract:
IntroductionFacing the threats of disasters due to natural hazards and terrorist attacks, communities and nations are strategically preparing to respond rapidly to such incidents with the appropriate medical services. Both natural and complex disasters may produce a massive number of casualties that outstrip the ability of the local healthcare system to provide the required care. Damage to the healthcare infrastructure will further compromise the delivery of health services. Field hospitals (FHs) may provide care for the injured and act as a substitute for destroyed hospitals in the aftermath of sudden-onset disasters. A FH is a large mobile medical unit that temporarily provides care to casualties on-site before they can be transported safely to more permanent hospital facilities. The concept was inherited from the battlefield (such as the mobile army surgical hospital (MASH)). A FH is defined as a mobile, self-contained, self-sufficient healthcare facility capable of rapid deployment and expansion or contraction to meet immediate emergency requirements for a specified period of time. The FH may be dispatched temporarily with personnel or donated without personnel.MethodsField hospitals have been focused on providing emergency trauma care for the initial 48 hours following the sudden-onset disasters, but they tend to continue operations much longer after the on-set. The aim of this study was to assess the timing, activities, and capacities of the FHs deployed after a disaster, especially in severe environments, and provide guidelines on the implementation and deployment of a FH during a disaster. In particular, the activity of Italian Field Hospitals utilized during disasters, humanitarian emergencies, and mass-gatherings events will be described.ConclusionsField hospitals have been used successfully during disasters, and now have a crucial role in supporting affected populations and damaged healthcare infrastructures. Field hospitals also play a role in the international community response.
16
Sever, Mehmet Sukru. "Prevention and Treatment of AKI during Various Disasters." Kidney and Dialysis 2, no. 1 (February 24, 2022): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/kidneydial2010011.
Full textAbstract:
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is frequent, and shows wide variation with regards to the spectrum, etio-pathogenesis and management strategies after natural (e.g., earthquakes) and man-made disasters (e.g., wars). The most important pathogenetic mechanisms in AKI during earthquakes are crush injury-related hypovolemia and myoglobinuria. Therefore, the most effective preventive measures are early and energetic fluid resuscitation (especially isotonic saline due to medical and logistic advantages) and also avoiding nephrotoxic medications. When preventive measures fail and intrarenal AKI develops, dialysis is lifesaving, with a preference towards intermittent hemodialysis due to medical and logistic advantages during disasters. During wars, the most important man-made disaster, prerenal, intrarenal and postrenal AKI may develop both at the battlefield and also in the field- or tertiary care-hospital setting. Overall, pathogenesis and management strategies of AKI in war victims are similar with those of AKI in general and in natural disasters. Logistic planning after disasters is vital for providing the most effective treatment. If patients cannot be coped with locally, either help should be asked from, or, alternatively, patients should be referred to, other regions or countries. Importantly, nephrology units in and around disaster-prone areas should be prepared for disasters for a sudden influx of AKI victims after disasters.
17
Schreeb, Johan von, Louis Riddez, Hans Samnegård, and Hans Rosling. "Foreign Field Hospitals in the Recent Sudden-Onset Disasters in Iran, Haiti, Indonesia, and Pakistan." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 23, no. 2 (April 2008): 144–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00005768.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractIntroduction:Foreign field hospitals (FFHs) may provide care for the injured and substitute for destroyed hospitals in the aftermath of sudden-onset disasters.Problem:In the aftermath of sudden-onset disasters, FFHs have been focused on providing emergency trauma care for the initial 48 hours following the sudden-onset disasters, while they tend to be operational much later. In addition, many have remained operational even later. The aim of this study was to assess the timing, activities, and capacities of the FFHs deployed after four recent sudden-onset disasters, and also to assess their adherence to the essential criteria for FFH deployment of the World Health Organization (WHO).Methods:Secondary information on the sudden-onset disasters in Bam, Iran in 2003, Haiti in 2004, Aceh, Indonesia in 2004, and Kashmir, Pakistan in 2005, including the number of FFHs deployed, their date of arrival, country of origin, length of stay, activities, and costs was retrieved by searching the Internet.Additional information was collected on-site in Iran, Indonesia, and Pakistan through direct observation and key informant interviews.Results:Basic information was found for 43 FFHs in the four disasters. The first FFH was operational on Day 3 in Bam and Kashmir, and on Day 8 in Aceh. The first FFHs were all from the militaries of neighboring countries. The daily cost of a bed was estimated to be US$2,000. The bed occupancy rate generally was <50%. None of the 43 FFHs met the first WHO/Pan-American Health Organization (PAHO) essential requirement if the aim is to provide emergency trauma care, while 15% followed the essential requirement if follow-up trauma and medical care is the aim of deployment.Discussion:A striking finding was the lack of detailed information on FFH activities. None of the 43 FFHs arrived early enough to provide emergency medical trauma care. The deployment of FFHs following sudden-onset disasters should be better adapted to the main needs and the context and more oriented toward substituting for pre-existing hospitals, rather than on providing immediate trauma care.
18
Dong, Lin, and Jae Eun Lee. "Infectious Disease Disaster Management and Cooperative Governance: Securing Resources for COVID-19 Disaster Response Using SNA." Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis 17, no. 12 (December 31, 2021): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.14251/crisisonomy.2021.17.12.1.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this paper is to review the cooperative roles among various social organizations in the COVID-19 response process and to scientifically analyze the structure and characteristics of cooperative networks between organizations through Social Network Analysis(SNA). Studying cooperative networks among social organizations in the process of infectious disease disaster management has important meaning in supplementing the ability to respond to sudden disasters. The ways to improve cooperative governance among various social organizations that emerged from the COVID-19 disaster are as follows. First, it is necessary to establish a permanent cooperation platform that is effective in the long run among various social organizations. Second, it is necessary to enhance the disaster response capacity of social organizations in critical and sudden disaster situations. Third, local social organizations should innovate their cooperative methods and strengthen public relations.
19
Nkeleme, Emmanuel Ifeanyichukwu, Winston W. Shakantu, and Anthonia Ogwanighie. "MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES OF COMMON DISASTERS." Malaysian Management Journal 26 (July 31, 2022): 123–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/mmj2022.26.5.
Full textAbstract:
A disaster cause disruption to the normal patterns of life, as it is usually severe, sudden, unexpected, widespread, and has direct effects on the smooth running of an organization. This article has assessed the role of the facilities manager in disaster management in Lagos, with a particular interest in the pre-disaster measures provided. A quantitative research design using a well-structured questionnaire survey was adopted. Out of the 150 questionnaires distributed, a total of 134 questionnaires were returned duly completed, a response rate of 89.3 percent. The data were analyzed using the computer software SPSS (7th ed.). The result of the analysis revealed that the most common and reoccurring disasters experienced by companies in the study area were, as listed in their order of predominance, as follows: flooding, power outage, civil unrest, fire, and pest disasters. The study found that most firms rarely use the disaster threat information as part of their preparedness plan, nor has developed any disaster response techniques or recovery measures. The study has identified the major roles of a facilities manager in disaster management. These roles ranged from disaster record-keeping for subsequent planning, routine survey of areas prone to disaster, disaster tracking and warning, and public enlightenment on disaster occurrence. The study has recommended that facilities managers ensure that there is good public awareness, functional facilities, good organization and planning, and excellent functional readiness facilities, such as having emergency operations centers.
20
Beaulac, Leah, Breanne Langlois, Katherine Berry, and Elena Naumova. "Natural Disaster and Migration Trends in Flood Prone Agricultural Areas of Indonesia." Current Developments in Nutrition 6, Supplement_1 (June 2022): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac050.002.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Objectives Sudden onset severe natural disasters are more closely associated with climate related migration than slower onset disasters in Indonesia. This analysis examines whether severe flooding was related to migration in the five years prior to the 5th wave of the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS), and whether there were differences between agricultural versus non-agricultural households. Methods We present descriptive statistics of the subset of the population that reported having experienced natural disaster (3,183 (19%) households) in wave five of IFLS. Analysis is ongoing and will include statistical modelling. The main outcome is whether the household had moved. The independent variables are experienced a flood disaster that was severe, defined as causing death or injury, financial loss, or relocation, in the prior 5 years and whether the household owned land for farming. All analysis was conducted using Stata software. Results Overall, among disaster impacted households, 12.7% experienced a disaster that was severe enough to cause death or injury, financial loss, or relocation. Flooding was the most commonly reported disaster (45%), followed by volcano (17.6%) and earthquake (16%). Compared to those that migrated versus those that did not, 48.7% vs. 42.7% were affected by flood, respectively, and 19% vs. 36.4% owned land for farming. Conclusions Delineating between a severe disasters and less severe disasters allows for more strategic disaster management strategies. In areas prone to severe disaster, adaptation policies aimed towards vulnerable farmers that own land may bolster response strategies. Funding Sources NSF.
21
Hilgers, Michael G., Cassandra C. Elrod, and Jonathan B. Kampunzu. "Supply chain dynamics relief of sudden-onset disasters." International Journal of Emergency Management 9, no. 2 (2013): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijem.2013.055149.
Full text
22
Adams, PhD, RN, CCRN, Lavonne M., Paula K. Reams, PhD, RN, CNE, LMT, FNP-C, and Sharon B. Canclini, MS, APHN-BC, FCN, CNE. "Planning for partnerships: Maximizing surge capacity resources through service learning." Journal of Emergency Management 13, no. 6 (February 25, 2016): 557. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jem.2015.0265.
Full textAbstract:
Infectious disease outbreaks and natural or human-caused disasters can strain the community's surge capacity through sudden demand on healthcare activities. Collaborative partnerships between communities and schools of nursing have the potential to maximize resource availability to meet community needs following a disaster. This article explores how communities can work with schools of nursing to enhance surge capacity through systems thinking, integrated planning, and cooperative efforts.
23
Lin, Ciyun, Yongli Yu, Dayong Wu, and Bowen Gong. "Traffic Flow Catastrophe Border Identification for Urban High-Density Area Based on Cusp Catastrophe Theory: A Case Study under Sudden Fire Disaster." Applied Sciences 10, no. 9 (May 4, 2020): 3197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10093197.
Full textAbstract:
For traffic management under sudden disasters in high-density areas, the first and foremost step is to prevent traffic congestion in the disaster-affected area by traffic flow management and control, so as to provide enough and flexible traffic capacity for emergency evacuation and emergency rescue. Catastrophe border identification is the foundation and the key to traffic congestion prediction under sudden disaster. This paper uses a mathematical model to study the regional traffic flow in the high-density area under sudden fire disaster based on the Cusp Catastrophe Theory (CCT). The catastrophe border is identified by fitting the CCT-based regional traffic flow model to explore the stable traffic flow changing to the instable state, as to provide a theoretical basis for traffic flow management and control in disaster-affected areas, and to prevent the traffic flow being caught into disorder and congestion. Based on VISSIM simulator data by building simulation scenarios with and without sudden fire disaster in a Sudoku traffic network, the catastrophe border is identified as 439 pcu/lane/h, 529 pcu/lane/h, 377 pcu/lane/h at 5 s, 10 s, 15 s data collection interval in a Sudoku traffic network respectively. The corresponding relative precision, which compares to the method of Capacity Assessment Approach (CAA), is 89.1%, 92.7% and 76.5% respectively. It means that 10 s data collection interval would be the suitable data collection interval in catastrophe border identification and regional traffic flow control in high-density area under sudden fire disaster.
24
Faghawari, D. Nyanayon and Edih, O. University. "Disaster Management and Relief Operations in Volatile Environments: A Journalistic Survey of the Niger Delta Region (Perspective)." Economit Journal: Scientific Journal of Accountancy, Management and Finance 2, no. 3 (January 4, 2023): 283–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/economit.v2i3.820.
Full textAbstract:
Disasters have been described as sudden and unpleasant experience which are rather inevitable to man's existence. Hence, the need to understand the dynamics of disaster management and relief operations is timely considering the massive destruction of lives, properties and infrastructures occasioned by covid'19 pandemic as well as the 2022 flood disaster. This study therefore, examines disaster management and relief operations in volatile environments , the Niger Delta region perspective and the objectives are, to understand the dynamics of disaster management and relief operations, to understand the skills or techniques in managing disasters and relief operations and to create public awareness on the essence of knowing the basic tips of mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery on disaster management. The paper is considered sequentially as follows; introduction, concept of disaster management, components of disaster management, relief operations techniques and conclusion. This research work will further enhance public sensitization and understanding the dynamics of disaster management. It will serve as a guide to governments and other stakeholders in formulating policies and programmes on disaster management and relief operations in Nigeria.
25
Bai, Gexue, Jian Qin, Yunlong Hou, and Baofeng Wan. "Summary of Information Monitoring Methods and Principles of Debris Flow Disasters." E3S Web of Conferences 352 (2022): 03037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202235203037.
Full textAbstract:
Debris flow is a sudden geological disaster, once it occurs, it will cause irreparable economic losses and casualties. In recent years, debris flow disaster control methods emerge in endlessly, among which monitoring and early warning method is the most effective and economic method. In this paper, through the analysis of the monitoring content of material source, water source, characteristics of debris flow mass and the comparison of the current monitoring technology and methods, which is conducive to the selection of monitoring methods for the prevention and control of actual geological disasters, which can avoid the waste of resources.
26
Dou, Chang E., Yan Hong Jia, and Hong Quan Xie. "Construction and Information Management of Lianyungang Emergency Shelters for Earthquake Disaster Based on GIS." Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (December 2012): 3624–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.3624.
Full textAbstract:
Emergency shelters for earthquake disaster (ESED) is an important part of the prevention system for earthquake and other sudden-onset natural disasters. ESED plays an important role in the reduction of earthquake disasters and emergency evacuation to a safe place for resettlement of affected people. It is important to use GIS technology to establish earthquake emergency shelter planning, construction and information management. We briefly introduce the status quo of the ESED construction and planning of Lianyungang after an analysis of the necessity and feasibility of the establishment of planning, construction and information management, then outline main functions of the ESED, and finally some suggestions for planning, construction and information management are provided.
27
Lind, Karin, Martin Gerdin, Andreas Wladis, Lina Westman, and Johan von Schreeb. "Time for Order in Chaos! A Health System Framework for Foreign Medical Teams in Earthquakes." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 27, no. 1 (February 2012): 90–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11006832.
Full textAbstract:
The number of reported natural disasters is increasing, as is the number of foreign medical teams (FMTs) sent to provide relief. Studies show that FMTs are not coordinated, nor are they adapted to the medical needs of victims. Another key challenge to the response has been the lack of common terminologies, definitions, and frameworks for FMTs following disasters.In this report, a conceptual health system framework that captures two essential components of health care response by FMTs after earthquakes is presented. This framework was developed using expert panels and personal experience, as well as an exhaustive literature review.The framework can facilitate decisions for deployment of FMTs, as well as facilitate coordination in disaster-affected countries. It also can be an important tool for registering agencies that send FMTs to sudden onset disasters, and ultimately for improving disaster response.
28
Burke, S. M., and S. Briggs. "(P2-55) The Role of Nursing in International Disasters: Lessons Learned." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (May 2011): s153—s154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11004997.
Full textAbstract:
A disaster may result from a serious or sudden catastrophic event that has the potential for massive loss of infrastructure and significant mortality and morbidity. Disasters may be caused by natural or man-made events. With either type, the forces of the event overwhelm the first responders and health organizations in the stricken community and outside assistance is required. Developing countries have the highest burden with limited available resources. Today's complex disasters have increased the need for mobile medical/surgical response teams to provide disaster care. The United States (US) Government created the International Medical Surgical Response Teams (IMSuRT), which, on short notice, deploy a multidisciplinary team of doctors, nurses, and other health professionals to disasters around the world. IMSuRT has a rapidly deployable, fully equipped field hospital. Historically, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) in Boston, Massachusetts, US, has played a significant role in responding to humanitarian efforts both within the US and internationally. The MGH nurses play key roles in several response teams, including IMSuRT. Disaster nursing has many unique challenges. Nurses practice daily under controlled situations and become expert in one specialty; however, in the disaster setting this is not possible. Disaster nursing requires a fundamental change in the care of patients. During disasters, nurses work in areas that are not their primary specialty. Disaster nurses must be prepared in the essentials of disaster response- this requires planning, preparation, and training with multiple simulation drills focusing on patient scenarios, equipment utilization, teamwork, triage, decontamination, and scene safety. We must be creative, adaptable, and flexible to the needs of the disaster. Most importantly, cultural sensitivity, and communication are important factors in the delivery of disaster care.
29
Saputra, Erlis, Inge Satna Ariyanto, Rizki Adriadi Ghiffari, and Moh Syahrul Irfan Fahmi. "Land Value in a Disaster-Prone Urbanized Coastal Area: A Case Study from Semarang City, Indonesia." Land 10, no. 11 (November 5, 2021): 1187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10111187.
Full textAbstract:
Coastal areas have been growing massively worldwide. The fast growth also affects the land value in either a positive or a negative way. Many scholars have studied land value and the factors that affect it in areas prone to sudden-onset disasters. In contrast, studies on urbanized coastal areas that suffer from slow-onset disasters are still lacking. Using a case study from Semarang City in Indonesia, this research aims at ameliorating this limitation. To comprehensively understand the aim, two research questions are addressed: (1) What is the distribution of land value in urbanized coastal areas? (2) How do the different distribution factors determine the land value? Based on in-depth interviews with key persons, map analyses, and desk studies, this research discovers that land value is distributed randomly among coastal areas. The dynamics of land value are determined by road access, distance, and accessibility to the city center and CBD, public facilities, transportation facilities, population composition, physical environment, and disasters. Surprisingly, the coastal areas in Semarang that experience combined disasters showed that disasters could not decrease the land value; the value in some areas is constant or even increasing. This shows the different impacts of disasters on land value for slow-onset disasters and sudden-onset disasters.
30
Bradley, Megan, and Roberta Cohen. "Disasters and Displacement: Gaps in Protection." Journal of International Humanitarian Legal Studies 1, no. 1 (2010): 95–142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187815210x12766020139884.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractNatural disasters, particularly those related to climate change, are fast becoming a leading cause of forced displacement although conceptual, normative and institutional frameworks to provide human rights protection to the environmentally displaced are not yet in place. This article discusses the human rights and protection dimensions of disaster-induced displacement, identifies the major challenges to protecting disaster victims, and proposes ways forward. The authors argue that while most environmentally displaced persons are expected to remain within their own countries, there is a lack of clarity about the status and protection needs of those uprooted by environmental degradation and other 'slow-onset' disasters as opposed to those displaced by 'sudden-onset' disasters. By far the biggest protection gap exists for those who cross borders. These individuals do not generally qualify as refugees under the 1951 Refugee Convention, there is no normative framework to address their specific needs and vulnerabilities and States have not been willing to commit to more than temporary protection on an ad hoc basis. The need is now critical for new approaches to be developed for the environmentally displaced, including expanded normative and institutional frameworks, comprehensive national policies, national and international monitoring, rights training, and more effective ways of dealing with governments that fail to protect their populations.
31
Ključanin, Slobodanka, Milan Rezo, Suada Džebo, and Emina Hadžić. "Spatial Data Infrastructure in Natural Disaster Management." Tehnički glasnik 15, no. 4 (November 1, 2021): 455–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31803/tg-20210108180723.
Full textAbstract:
Natural disasters that cause tremendous material harm and threaten human lives, infrastructure, and economic and social activities become more frequent. While most material and human casualties are the effects of sudden and brief natural disasters, it is not possible to disregard long-term disasters, most frequently triggered by climate change. Damage from long-term disasters is quite significant and hampers the sustainability of the economy and life in densely populated cities. Following climate change, it is concluded that special attention should be paid to coastal cities, cities along rivers and the potential risks of possible disasters should be reduced before they materialize. The reduction of disaster risk is an endeavor involving various professional fields, viewpoints, and stakeholders. An integrated approach that brings together all the necessary elements is therefore required. The planning for protection against natural disasters and in the very moments when it occurs, it is necessary to quickly obtain reliable data to coordinate activities in the field well. However, there are problems in the field with the availability, access, and spatial data use. In this sense, the Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) can provide an appropriate framework for sharing spatial data through the cooperation of administration, public, and private institutions and citizens.
32
Baporikar, Neeta, and Liina Bibi Shangheta. "Challenges Facing Humanitarian Logistics in a Nonprofit Organization." International Journal of Applied Logistics 8, no. 1 (January 2018): 35–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijal.2018010103.
Full textAbstract:
Global and sudden disasters like earthquakes, tsunamis, hurricanes and epidemics and slow-onset disasters like droughts, floods and famines contribute significantly to increasing vulnerability and humanitarian needs in the world. Since 2008, Namibia has experienced recurrent floods and droughts that have affected 60 percent population. The overall problem in disaster relief is poor support for logistics. Thus, the purpose of this article is to evaluate the challenges faced by humanitarian logistics during disaster relief operation and examine strategies to overcome them for a non-profit organization (the Red Cross Society) in Namibia. The study adopts a quantitative, descriptive research design. With 25 employees, non-probabilistic sampling using a convenience sampling technique, the sample size is 21 (84%). The findings reveal critical challenges like proper sourcing relief supply, resources, transportation problems and difficulties in identifying initial relief requirement, which leads to difficulties delivering effective and efficient services to the affected areas.
33
BORLAND, JANET. "Capitalising on Catastrophe: Reinvigorating the Japanese State with Moral Values through Education following the 1923 Great Kantô Earthquake." Modern Asian Studies 40, no. 4 (September 18, 2006): 875–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x06002010.
Full textAbstract:
Sudden onset natural disasters such as earthquakes are absolute physical and psychological levellers which spare no one from the event itself or the aftermath. The resulting physical devastation of a city and the psychological weakening of a population, however, also present opportunities. The opportunity to reorder society is unparalleled by any other historical event except perhaps war and with increasing regularity throughout much of the twentieth century, nation states have used disasters as a pretext to secure long held political goals. In September 1923, the devastation of Tokyo as a result of the Great Kantô Earthquake presented a significant opportunity to reorder Japanese society both on a physical and psychological level. In the post-disaster reconstruction period, the government was quick to capitalise on this catastrophe.
34
Bragg, Catherine, Glenn Gibson, Haleigh King, Ashley A. Lefler, and Faustin Ntoubandi. "Remittances as aid following major sudden-onset natural disasters." Disasters 42, no. 1 (April 25, 2017): 3–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/disa.12229.
Full text
35
Marr, Ian, Dianne Stephens, Rob Baird, Josh Francis, David Read, and Nicholas Coatsworth. "Development of a Mobile Laboratory for Sudden Onset Disasters." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, s1 (May 2019): s24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x19000670.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction:Clinical diagnostics in sudden-onset disasters (SOD) has historically been limited. With poor supply routes, lack of a cold chain, and challenging environmental conditions, many diagnostic platforms are unsuitable.Aim:We set out to design, implement, and evaluate a mobile diagnostic laboratory accompanying a type II emergency medical team (EMT) field hospital.Methods:Available diagnostic platforms were reviewed and selected against infield need. Platforms included HemoCue301/WBC DIFF, i-STAT, BioFire multiplex RT-PCR, Olympus BX53 microscopy, ABO/Rh Grouping, and specific rapid diagnostic tests (RDT). This equipment was trialed in Katherine, Australia and Dili, Timor-Leste.Results:During the initial deployment, validation of FilmArray rt-PCR multiplex tests was successful on blood culture, gastrointestinal, and respiratory panels. HemoCue301 (n = 20) haemoglobin values were compared on Sysmex XN 550 (r = 0.94). Analysis of HemoCue WBC DIFF samples had some variation when compared to Sysmex XN 550, (neutrophils r = 0.88, lymphocytes r = 0.49, monocytes r = 0.16, eosinophils r = 0.70, basophils r = 0.16). i-STAT showed non-significant differences for CHEM4 (n=10), CG8 (n = 10), and TnI (n = 5) against Vitros 250. A further trial of BioFire rt-PCR testing in Dili, Timor-Leste diagnosed 117 causative pathogens on 168 FilmArray test cartridges.Discussion:This mobile laboratory represents a major advance in SOD. Setup of the service was quick (<24hr) and transport to site rapidly. Training was simple and performance consistent. Future deployment in fragmented health systems after sudden onset disasters with EMT2 will now allow broader diagnostics.
36
Laor, Efraim. "Confronting Large-Scale Sudden Disasters: Prehospital-In; Hospital-Out." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 25, S1 (February 2010): S35—S36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00022597.
Full text
37
Rezapour, Shabnam, Nazanin Naderi, Nazanin Morshedlou, and Shaghayegh Rezapourbehnagh. "Optimal deployment of emergency resources in sudden onset disasters." International Journal of Production Economics 204 (October 2018): 365–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2018.08.014.
Full text
38
Yu, Min, and Jiangqin Chao. "Remote Sensing Investigation of Geological Hazards in Xingguo County, Jiangxi Province." E3S Web of Conferences 131 (2019): 01056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913101056.
Full textAbstract:
Xingguo County is located in the middle and low hilly mountainous areas. The area of the landslide, collapse and debris flow geological disasters is large. The sudden geological disasters such as landslides and mudslides caused by heavy rainfall are increasing year by year. This study mainly used high-altitude aerial imagery (0.5m) and Landsat 8 OLI satellite imagery covering Xingguo County as the data source, carried out remote sensing interpretation of geological environment background conditions and geological disasters in the whole area, and carried out on-site verification. At the same time, the correlation between the stratigraphic structure, topography and other factors in the study area and the spatial distribution characteristics of geological disaster points are discussed. The results show that: (1) based on remote sensing image interpretation of 377 geological disaster points; 83 landslide points, 229 hidden danger points, 17 collapse points, 26 hidden danger points, 1 hidden danger point, ground collapse point 1 At 20 places in the geological environment. (2) From the results of remote sensing interpretation, the types of geological disasters in the work area are mainly landslides and landslide hazards (including collapse type), and there are fewer collapses, collapses and debris flow hazards, and most landslide hazard points are unstable. (3) From the distribution of geological disasters, it is mainly within the scope of artificial influence. The construction of excavation slopes on the roads leads to instability of the slopes and induces disasters under the influence of rainfall. In addition, there are a large number of artificial mining mines in the work area. These places are also prone to geological disasters due to unreasonable mining and subsequent prevention and control work. (4) Areas with strong human activities, areas near the fault structure and water system roads are the main influencing factors for geological disasters in the work area.
39
Sheikhbardsiri, Hojjat, Ahmad Reza Raeisi, Mahmood Nekoei-moghadam, and Fatemeh Rezaei. "Surge Capacity of Hospitals in Emergencies and Disasters With a Preparedness Approach: A Systematic Review." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 11, no. 5 (March 7, 2017): 612–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2016.178.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractObjectiveSurge capacity is one of the most important components of hospital preparedness for responding to emergencies and disasters. The ability to provide health and medical care during a sudden increase in the number of patients or victims of disasters is a main concern of hospitals. We aimed to perform a systematic review of hospital surge capacity in emergencies and disasters with a preparedness approach.MethodsA systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The key words “surge,” “surge capacity,” “preparedness,” “hospital emergency department,” “hospital,” “surge capability,” “emergency,” “hazard,” “disaster,” “catastrophe,” “crisis,” and “tragedy” were used in combination with the Boolean operators OR and AND. The Google Scholar, ISI Web of Science, Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, Ovid, Pro Quest, and Wiley databases were searched.ResultsA total of 1008 articles were extracted and 17 articles were selected for final review of surge capacity based on the objective of the study. Seventeen studies (1 randomized controlled trial, 2 qualitative studies, and 14 cross-sectional studies) investigated the surge capacity of hospitals in emergencies and disasters to evaluate the best evidence to date. The results of selected articles indicated that there are various ways to increase the capacity of hospitals in 4 domains: staff, stuff, structure, and system.ConclusionSurge capacity is a basic element of disaster preparedness programs. Results of the current study could help health field managers in hospitals to prepare for capacity-building based on surge capacity components to improve and promote hospital preparedness programs. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:612–620)
40
Rosdiyani, Telly. "Edukasi Kesiapsiagaan Bencana Meningkatkan Pemahaman Prosedur Penyelamatan Diri." ABDIKARYA: Jurnal Pengabdian dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat 2, no. 1 (April 15, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.47080/abdikarya.v2i1.1066.
Full textAbstract:
Teneng village, Cinangka village has an area of 711,110 Ha. The land is intended for the land of public, social, residential, agricultural, plantation and most land for fisheries because the geographical location of the Cinangka village is close to the coast. This area is including potential earthquake and even tsunami. From this basis, the aim of the Community Service Program is to provide a real life rescue education program to improve the understanding of village community skills in disaster preparedness. The partner of this activity is the Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD), the problem faced is that the public does not know the correct procedures for self-rescue against disasters, has not been able to control the panic of a sudden and impending disaster. The method of implementing this service is through (1) Surveying through observation, interviews, and analysis of village problems and potentials, (2) Counseling and simulation of disaster response. The result of this program is to increase the community's knowledge and skills regarding disaster preparedness and to be able to exercise self-control from the fear of disasters to be able to reduce disaster victims. The program is also expected to facilitate the community of information and skills in disaster preparedness.
41
Wang, Yawen, Qing Wang, and Zhaopeng Xing. "Climate Disaster Losses and Foreign Exchange Reserve Dynamics: Evidence of East Asia Pacific." Sustainability 14, no. 21 (November 1, 2022): 14283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142114283.
Full textAbstract:
This paper examines the relationship between foreign exchange reserves (FERs) and climate disaster losses (CDLs) in the East Asia Pacific region. To guide the empirical work, we use the bootstrap Granger rolling window estimation to capture the dynamic relationship between the two variables. It is suggested that CDLs positively affect the central banks’ FERs in East Asia Pacific countries, but this relationship appears to be weakening recently. FERs are shown to reduce CDLs. The results are supported by the small open economy model in which the central bank decides jointly on FERs and external debt. With the balance of payments deteriorating, CDLs can lead to a sudden stop of international capital flows, which is destructive to economic development. Therefore, when severe climate disasters are anticipated, the central bank accumulates FERs in advance. If unexpected climate disasters occur, central banks may become more precautious and increase FERs. Therefore, the central bank should consider the risk of climate change and hold an appropriate amount of FERs but FERs are not the more the better; the government should strengthen infrastructure construction to resist climate disasters.
42
Rathore, F. A. "(A314) Role of Medical Rehabilitation in Acute Disaster Response." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (May 2011): s105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11003311.
Full textAbstract:
IntroductionNatural Disasters result in a sudden onslaught of huge numbers of catastrophic and disabling injuries including spinal cord injuries, traumatic brain injuries, limb amputations, long bone fractures and peripheral nerve injuries. In addition to these there are persons with pre-existing disabilities in the affected disaster zones. Oftentimes disasters overwhelm the available resources and rehabilitation services are usually underdeveloped in most parts of the disaster affected zones. Both challenges are frequently neglected and not included in disaster response planning. As a consequence, Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine (PRM) has traditionally played no or little role in the post disaster phase and disaster planning.MethodologyThe data was derived from an English language literature search (1950–2010) using Pubmed, Google Scholar, Sciencedirect, Ovid, and Sagepub. Other sources of data included discussion with subject matter experts and the author's personal experience.ResultsPRM has not historically become actively engaged in medical rehabilitation of injuries until 24-48 hours post-event. The emergence of the discipline of disaster rehabilitation however, advances PMR into the emergency response phase. This paper describes the disability pattern after disasters, shortcomings in the traditional disaster response with reference to PMR interventions and disabled populations and its negative consequences. It then explores the rehabilitation interventions offered in different disaster scenarios during the last decade and its positive impact in achieving a better outcome for the new onset and pre-existing disabled population.ConclusionsThis is the first paper in biomedical literature exploring the possible role of PRM in the post disaster phase. The paper offers recommendations to include PRM in the disaster response phase and possible plans of action for organizations working in the fields of disability and disaster management. It is expected that this paper will guide future research and establishment of the field of Disaster Rehabilitation.
43
Aryankhesal, Aidin, Shahrzad Pakjouei, and Mohammad Kamali. "Safety Needs of People With Disabilities During Earthquakes." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 12, no. 5 (October 2, 2017): 615–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2017.121.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractObjectiveThe needs of people with disabilities are not taken into account during disasters, and there is no or little preparation for them. Hence, such people are very anxious about their personal safety during disasters. The aim of this study was to explain the safety needs of people with disabilities during earthquakes.MethodsThis qualitative study was conducted with purposive sampling. A total of 12 people with movement disability, aged between 18 and 60 years, and with an experience of facing earthquakes, participated in semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis was used.ResultsThe safety needs of people with disabilities were categorized into three phases: those before an earthquake were considering building codes and resistant construction, building safe and resistant-to-climate-change shelters, and securing the room at the home and workplace; that during an earthquake was the existence of personal protection facilities; and those after an earthquake were adaptation of bathrooms in secure areas, prioritizing conex containers instead of tents, and sheltering in a safe and vermin-free area.ConclusionsThe sudden death of people with disabilities during disasters is preventable through proper planning and preparedness of emergency personnel. Hence, identifying the safety needs of these people and inclusion of such plans in disasters management systems can assure safety for people with disabilities during disasters. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12:615–621)
44
Stratton, Samuel J., and Robin D. Tyler. "Characteristics of Medical Surge Capacity Demand for Sudden-impact Disasters." Academic Emergency Medicine 13, no. 11 (November 2006): 1193–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1197/j.aem.2006.05.008.
Full text
45
Boillot, Francois, and Patrick Herard. "External fixators and sudden-onset disasters: Médecins Sans Frontières experience." International Orthopaedics 38, no. 8 (May 10, 2014): 1551–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00264-014-2344-8.
Full text
46
Yuan, Hui. "Application of Fast Mapping Techniques in Sudden Crisis." Advanced Materials Research 998-999 (July 2014): 1553–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.998-999.1553.
Full textAbstract:
With the rapid economic development and the progress of science and technology, mapping technology has made great progress in our country. New mapping technologies are introduced and putted into use in more and more industry. In this paper, the fast mapping technologies are used to solve the sudden crisis situations, such as geological disasters and accidents.
47
Yu, Hairuo, and Zhongqiang Guo. "Design of Underground Space Intelligent Disaster Prevention System Based on Multisource Data Deep Learning." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (June 25, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3706392.
Full textAbstract:
With the rapid development of national economy, the population to big cities gathered themselves together, and especially the first-line cities, lead to city continuously extend outward, city scale is more and more big, the surface space is completely unable to meet the needs of urban development and transportation, the demand such as life, development, and use of underground space has become the important way of solving the urban development diameter. With the vigorous development of underground space, many disaster problems, such as fire and flood, have also appeared in many places, which have brought huge human and financial losses to the society. In order to solve the problem of disaster in underground space, this paper summarizes the main disasters, and urban underground space analysis of the different degrees of the risk of disasters; the emergency toughness of disaster prevention concept, combined with intelligent technology application in urban underground space disaster warning and decision-making, according to the requirement of the underground space of disaster prevention wisdom, put forward to underground space disaster, disaster prevention expert database, such as multisource data fusion. Deep learning is used to realize the linkage of disaster rescue and recovery, and an intelligent disaster prevention system based on deep learning of multisource data is established. The results show that the urban underground space disasters mainly include fire, explosion, earthquake, flood, toxic, and combustible gas. Combining with the overlapping characteristics of different disasters and the inability to define the boundaries, the theory of emergency resilience disaster prevention provides effective suggestions and measures for the decision-making and treatment of underground space fires. The intelligent comprehensive disaster prevention system of urban underground space is established from the three aspects of predisaster prevention, rescue in disaster, and reconstruction after disaster, so as to realize the full coverage of intelligent disaster prevention in the whole life cycle of underground space and provide data support for integrated decision-making of disaster prevention and reduction. The research results have important guiding significance for digitization, informationization, and intelligent construction of sudden disaster decision-making in underground space.
48
Nagaya, Hiroshi, Teruaki Hayashi, Hiroyuki A. Torii, and Yukio Ohsawa. "Topic Jerk Detector: Detection of Tweet Bursts Related to the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Disaster." Information 11, no. 7 (July 21, 2020): 368. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info11070368.
Full textAbstract:
In recent disaster situations, social media platforms, such as Twitter, played a major role in information sharing and widespread communication. These situations require efficient information sharing; therefore, it is important to understand the trends in popular topics and the underlying dynamics of information flow on social media better. Developing new methods to help us in these situations, and testing their effectiveness so that they can be used in future disasters is an important research problem. In this study, we proposed a new model, “topic jerk detector.” This model is ideal for identifying topic bursts. The main advantage of this method is that it is better fitted to sudden bursts, and accurately detects the timing of the bursts of topics compared to the existing method, topic dynamics. Our model helps capture important topics that have rapidly risen to the top of the agenda in respect of time in the study of specific social issues. It is also useful to track the transition of topics more effectively and to monitor tweets related to specific events, such as disasters. We attempted three experiments that verified its effectiveness. First, we presented a case study applied to the tweet dataset related to the Fukushima disaster to show the outcomes of the proposed method. Next, we performed a comparison experiment with the existing method. We showed that the proposed method is better fitted to sudden burst accurately detects the timing of the bursts of the topic. Finally, we received expert feedback on the validity of the results and the practicality of the methodology.
49
Broussard, Lisa, Rachel Myers, and Julie Meaux. "The Impact of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita on Louisiana School Nurses." Journal of School Nursing 24, no. 2 (April 2008): 78–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10598405080240020501.
Full textAbstract:
In the fall of 2005, the coast of Louisiana was devastated by two hurricanes, Katrina and Rita. Not only did these natural disasters have detrimental effects for those directly in their path, the storms had an impact on the lives of everyone in Louisiana. The professional practice of many Louisiana school nurses was affected by several factors, including a sudden influx of students with no medical records. A qualitative descriptive study was conducted to gain an understanding of school nurses’ feelings and experiences related to the hurricanes and their aftermath. Forty-one school nurses participated in the study, and findings revealed significant effects on their personal and professional lives. Themes within each area were identified: uncertainty, hopelessness and helplessness, thankfulness, practice challenges, and practice rewards. Implications for school nursing practice include the need for support during natural disasters and the importance of school nurse involvement in disaster preparedness.
50
Mitani, Satoko, Kazutoshi Kuboyama, and Taro Shirakawa. "Nursing in Sudden-Onset Disasters: Factors and Information that Affect Participation." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 18, no. 4 (December 2003): 359–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00001321.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractIntroduction:Little has been reported regarding the minimum conditions, information, and knowledge essential for dispatching nurses to join in sudden-onset disaster events from the viewpoint of nurses. This paper explores the issues and concerns that nurses faced when asked to respond to the 1995 Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake event in Japan.Methods:A standardized written survey tool was developed using input from four nurses who had responded to the disaster event. Questionnaires that included both “yes” and “no” answers and multiple-choice answers were developed and sent to 823 nurses who worked in four hospitals.Results:A total of 477/823(58.0%) questionnaires were completed and returned. Of the respondents to the questionnaire, 309 (62.1%) were qualified nurses, and 148 (37.9%) were students. Sixty-nine (15%) of the total 477 respondents participated in the disaster response to the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake. Primary among respondents' concerns were that they should wait for their superiors or institutions to direct them to go “somewhere” and to do “something” and how far away from home would they be required to travel. Home responsibilities conflicting with disaster response were a common concern for respondents.Conclusion:Managers should consider including the following conditions in disaster dispatch plans: (1) the dispatches should be made part of nursing duties; (2) the disaster plan should be constructed with organizations near disaster sites; and (3) clear directions regarding destination and expected activities should be provided to nurses.