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1
Dafa’Alla, Adil Ahmed. "Prospects for the aerospace industry in the Sudan." World Journal of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development 13, no. 3 (July 11, 2016): 234–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wjstsd-02-2016-0025.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the contribution of the Sudanese manufacturing sector to the Sudanese economy and assess the role that aerospace industry, in particular, can play as a driver for achieving sustainable development in the Sudan. Design/methodology/approach – This paper reviewed and analysed the contribution of the industrial sector to the Sudanese economy based on the comprehensive industrial survey carried out with the assistance of United Nations Industrial Development Organisation and United Nations Development Programme in 2001. It then went on to assess the role that aerospace industry can play in improving the contribution of this sector to the Sudanese and regional economy and achieving sustainable development. Evidence from global industrial views, international economic reports and experience of other countries in similar situation as the Sudan was used to support arguments. Findings – The Sudanese economy is agriculturally based. A heavy injection of industrialisation of the economy is essential in order to improve the trade balance and help the country out of the poverty zone. The aerospace industry is an important ingredient of the required dose as the global and regional demand is high and the flourishing regional economy is encouraging. The paper argues that building a flourishing aerospace industry as an important element of sustainable development plan for the Sudan is a shared responsibility of good government, quality education and well-guided investment. Practical implications – The paper is proposing a practical way to transform the character of the Sudanese economy and help it to set on a sustainable development path that will alleviate poverty and improve the standard of living of its citizens. Originality/value – The paper gives critical assessment of the role of the industrial sector in driving the Sudanese economy, which is seriously lacking in the literature. Additionally, the paper introduces building a flourishing aerospace industry in the Sudan as an important ingredient to boost the manufacturing sector, hence, improve the economy, fight poverty and a step towards achieving sustainable development.
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Babker, Asaad Ma, Itedal Abdelraheem Mohamed Ahmed, Marwan Ismail, Fathelrahman Mahdi Hassan, Ahmed L. Osman, Praveen Kumar Kandakurti, and Abd Elgadir A. Altoum. "Lack of Association between Factor V Leiden G1691A, Prothrombin G20210A, MTHFC677T Mutations, and Early Recurrent Pregnancy Loss in a Group of Sudanese Women." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 8, B (August 15, 2020): 553–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.4384.
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BACKGROUND: Recurrent pregnancy loss is classically defined as the occurrence of three or more consecutive pregnancy loss. Recurrent pregnancy loss affects from 1-5% of the reproductive age couples. This diagnosis is both emotionally challenging and confusing for most couples, as the definitive diagnosis using conventional evaluations is found in fewer than half of the couples experiencing repeated loss.
AIM: The purpose of this study was to define the association between Factor V Leiden G1691A, Prothrombin G20210A, MTHFC677T mutations and recurrent pregnancy loss in a group of Sudanese women.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This a retrospective analytical case control study was carried out at Omdurman Maternal Hospital, Sudan between July 2013 to July 2015. Consent was obtained from the ethical committee of the Faculty Research Board and Hospital of Omdurman Maternity Hospital (Sudan). The study included a hundred pregnant females with a history of recurrent spontaneous abortion as the (case group) and ninety-five healthy reproductive Sudanese women as the (control group). The data was collected with the help of a structured questionnaire and direct interview to collect information. Identification of point mutation in factor V Leiden G1691A, prothrombin G20210A and MTHF C677T gene by polymerase chain reaction was performed. The odds ratio and the 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were calculated for the presence of mutation case group and the control group and analyzed by SPSS program, version 17.0.
RESULTS: The frequency of prothrombin G20210A, MTHFC677T, was low overall, except for the Factor V Leiden G1691A. The differences between patients and controls had no statistical significance (P- Value>0.05).
CONCLUSION: Our study confirms the low prevalence of inherited thrombophilias in Sudanese populations and it is unlikely that the tested thrombophilias play a role in the pathogenesis of recurrent pregnancy loss in the Sudanse population.Therefore, we conclude that the low prevalence of Factor V Leiden, prothrombin G20210A and MTHFC677T in Sudanese women with RPL and does not play a role in the pathogenesis of recurrent pregnancy loss among our population.
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Bellion-jourdan, Jérôme. "L’humanitaire et l’islamisme soudanais. Les organisations Da’wa Islamiya et Islamic African Relief Agency." Politique africaine 66, no. 1 (1997): 61–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/polaf.1997.6045.
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Sudanese humanitarianism and islamism : the organizations Da'wa Islamyia and Islamic adrican relief agency. After the oil boom of the 70’s, a number of islamic humanitarian societies appeared. Sudan was one of their favorite targets. Two of them, the IARA and the Da’wa Islamiya, are closely linked to the Sudanese islamic movement. They are funded by the Gulf countries, nevertheless they pretend that their activities are purely charity driven, responding to the universal norms and values implemented by international institutions. However, they show partisan tendencies, both religiously and politically, and they thus play a peculiar role in the Sudanese islamic system.
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Ali Elhassan, Moawia Mohammed, Julián Monge-Nájera, and Yuh-Shan Ho. "Bibliometrics of Sudanese scientific publications: Subjects, institutions, collaboration, citation and recommendations." Revista de Biología Tropical 70 (January 13, 2022): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rev.biol.trop..v70i1.47392.
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Introduction: Sudan is the third largest country in Africa and has rich reserves of petroleum and other ground resources, but its per capita Gross Domestic Product is only $808 and researchers work in insufficient institutional facilities and with little funding. Previous studies about its scientific productivity have been limited to specific subjects and relatively short periods, with no large analyses until now. Objective: To analyze the scientific output of Sudan in depth, considering all research areas and several decades of scientific activity. Methods: We retrieved the documents with “Sudan” in field country in the Science Citation Index Expanded for the period 1900-2019. Results: We retrieved over 9 000 publications and found that most were articles; that citation was higher for review articles and book chapters, and that this index mostly covered articles in English. Beginning in 1972, the number of publications in this database has increased rapidly. The citation lifespan indicates slow growth in the Sudanese scientific literature, and collaboration is frequent both nationally and internationally, possibly because the scarce resources make collaboration almost compulsory. Most external collaboration is done with Saudi Arabia but citation is higher for articles resulting from international megaprojects, led by Europe and the USA, in which Sudanese researchers play secondary roles. Research focusses on applied technological subjects with little innovation value. Women play a smaller role in Sudanese science. Conclusions: Our recommendations for Sudanese science include increasing the number of women in leading research positions; providing funding directly to researchers (i.e., bypassing bureaucratic bodies); increasing basic research to avoid stagnation; training Sudanese researchers for leading positions; and identifying specific research areas where Sudan can lead in its region.
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Naeem, Mahmoud Hamid Arabi, Khalafalla Ahmed Mohamed Arabi, and Howida Adam El-Maeia. "Impact of Monetary Policy and its Transmission Mechanism in Sudan." Technium Social Sciences Journal 41 (March 9, 2023): 97–129. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v41i1.8520.
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The current paper investigates the impact of monetary policy and its transmission mechanism in Sudan, using the structural vector autoregressive (SVAR) model utilizing monthly data from Jan 2000 to the end of 2021. The findings show that Sudan's monetary transmission mechanism for credit and exchange rate channels performs poorly due to the salient features of the Sudanese economy and the financial and banking sector. The policy implication arising from this finding is; the role of the conduct approach for monetary policy should be clearly defined. Moreover, it is necessary to restore the credibility and reliability of the Central Bank of Sudan (CBOS) for conducting monetary policy. Sudan's monetary and credit policies must rely on indirect instruments, and the exchange rate should be determined by the market. The banking sector should be subjected to a program of reform and recapitalization. Other financial institutions, such as insurance companies and pension funds, must play a greater role in the economy.
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Abd Alfadil, Noha Ahmed, Malik Suliman Mohamed, Manal M. Ali, and El Amin Ibrahim El Nima. "Characterization of Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Sudanese Banknotes and Determination of Their Resistance Profile." International Journal of Microbiology 2018 (September 24, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4375164.
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Background. Banknotes are one of the most exchangeable items in communities and always subject to contamination by pathogenic bacteria and hence could serve as vehicle for transmission of infectious diseases. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of contamination by pathogenic bacteria in Sudanese banknotes, determine the susceptibility of the isolated organisms towards commonly used antibiotics, and detect some antibiotic resistance genes.Methods. This study was carried out using 135 samples of Sudanese banknotes of five different denominations (2, 5, 10, 20, and 50 Sudanese pounds), which were collected randomly from hospitals, food sellers, and transporters in all three districts of Khartoum, Bahri, and Omdurman. Bacterial prevalence was determined using culture-based techniques, and their sensitivity patterns were determined using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method. Genotypic identification was carried out using PCR and 16S rDNA sequencing. Antibiotic resistance genes of some isolates were detected using PCR technique.Results. All Sudanese banknotes were found to be contaminated with pathogenic bacteria.Klebsiella pneumoniaewas found to be the most frequent isolate (23%), whereasBacillus mycoides(15%) was the most abundant Gram-positive isolate. There was a significant relationship between the number of isolates and the banknote denomination withpvalue <0.05 (the lower denomination showed higher contamination level). Our study has isolated bacteria that are resistant to penicillins and cephalosporins. Multidrug-resistant strains harboring resistant genes (mecA,blaCTX-M, andblaTEM) were also detected.Conclusion. All studied Sudanese banknotes were contaminated with pathogenic bacteria, including multidrug-resistant strains, and may play a significant role in the transmission of bacterial infections.
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Kakouris, Georgios. "The symbolization of a snake and tree among the devotees of the zar spirit in Sudan." IJoReSH: Indonesian Journal of Religion, Spirituality, and Humanity 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2023): 68–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.18326/ijoresh.v2i1.68-92.
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This paper deals with a symbolic interpretation of the structural position that the snake and the tree possess in the local worship of the zar spirit within the borders of Islamic Sudan. The paper at hand aims to study, via bibliographic research, how the snake Azrag Banda, a manifestation of zar, and his tree-abode are regarded as significant symbols in the Sudanese zar tumbura, a self-nominated Islamic practice and spirit-possession cult with therapeutic functions. The snake Azrag Banda and his tree play a special role in the life of the cult and are meaningful symbols due to the collective historical experience of the Sudani, the devotees of zar tumbura. As it will be shown, the main characteristic of the Sudani Self is a past of slavery and displacement and a present of living on the margins of Sudanese society. In this regard, the current article aims at indicating what the snake entity Azrag Banda and his tree-abode mean for the Sudani. Adopting an emic approach, the snake and the tree will be seen as traditional Sudanese earth symbols, which are considered able to offer protection, heal the historical stigma of slavery, help the subaltern establish their “roots” in the Sudanese ground, and thus upgrade the low social status of the Sudani. In this way, the latter is transformed into free men and genuine landowners.
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Ndoromo, Owen. "Cultural Impact and an Intimate Partner aggression in African Societies: A comparison of Rwanda and South Sudan." European Journal of Social Sciences 1, no. 3 (December 29, 2018): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejss.v1i3.p170-177.
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The study investigated the role of cultural impact on South Sudanese and Rwandan women who nowadays reside in the diaspora in Finland and Belgium. It explores the cultural violence against women before and after the 1994 Rwandan genocide against the Tutsis, and after the independency of South Sudan. This argument is presented through an analysis of existing literature and documents; and through interviews with 341 respondents (166 men and 175 women) belonging to the Rwandan diaspora in Belgium and in Finland; and 420 participants (302 females and 118 males) married, divorced, single mothers in South Sudan. The results show that women and girls in South Sudan continue to be at risk of violence from cultural impact more than Rwandan women. Poverty, education, and insecurity play a huge role in promoting aggression against South Sudanese women.
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Manal A Ibrahim, Safa G Ali, and Mahasin M Hussien. "Antioxidant activity of some Sudanese medicinal plant methanolic extracts." Journal of The Faculty of Science and Technology, no. 7 (August 17, 2021): 110–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.52981/jfst.vi7.963.
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Traditional medicines play a very important role in the health care system in Sudan, Cadaba glandulosa , Aristolochia bracteolata , Boscia senegalensis and Nymphaea lotus are used in folkloric medicine to remedy some diseases. The methanolic extracts were used to evaluate antioxidant activity to the plants which were mentioned above. B senglensis was shown high activity equal to 87+1, while N. lotus was represented 82+2. Also A. bracteolate and C. glandulosa exhibited moderate values (54+0.03 and 41+0.04 respectively).
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Ndoromo, Owen, and Jean d’Amour Banyanga. "Cultural Impact and an Intimate Partner aggression in African Societies: A comparison of Rwanda and South Sudan." European Journal of Social Sciences 6, no. 2 (August 10, 2023): 8–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eujss-2023-0012.
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Abstract The study investigated the role of cultural impact on South Sudanese and Rwandan women who nowadays reside in the diaspora in Finland and Belgium. It explores the cultural violence against women before and after the 1994 Rwandan genocide against the Tutsis, and after the independency of South Sudan. This argument is presented through an analysis of existing literature and documents; and through interviews with 341 respondents (166 men and 175 women) belonging to the Rwandan diaspora in Belgium and in Finland; and 420 participants (302 females and 118 males) married, divorced, single mothers in South Sudan. The results show that women and girls in South Sudan continue to be at risk of violence from cultural impact more than Rwandan women. Poverty, education, and insecurity play a huge role in promoting aggression against South Sudanese women.
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Elderdery, Abozer Y., Entesar M. Tebein, Fawaz O. Alenazy, Ahmed M. E. Elkhalifa, Manar G. Shalabi, Anass M. Abbas, Hassan H. Alhassan, Chand B. Davuljigari, and Jeremy Mills. "Impact of Methionine Synthase Reductase Polymorphisms in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients." Genes 13, no. 10 (September 26, 2022): 1729. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13101729.
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Introduction： Metabolism methionine and of folate play a vital function in cellular methylation reactions, DNA synthesis and epigenetic process.However, polymorphisms of methionine have received much attention in recent medical genetics research. Objectives: To ascertain whether the common polymorphisms of the MTRR (Methionine Synthase Reductase) A66G gene could play a role in affecting susceptibility to Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) in Sudanese individuals. Methods: In a case-controlled study, we extracted and analyzed DNA from 200 CML patients and 100 healthy control subjects by the PCR-RFLP method. Results: We found no significant difference in age orgender between the patient group and controls. The MTRR A66G genotypes were distributed based on the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p > 0.05). The variation of MTRR A66G was less significantly frequent in cases with CML (68.35%) than in controls (87%) (OR = 0.146, 95% CI = 0.162–0.662, p < 0.002). Additionally, AG and GG genotypes and G allele were reducing the CML risk (Odds ratio [OR] = 0.365; 95% CI [0.179–0.746]; p = 0.006; OR = 0.292; 95% CI [0.145–0.590]; p = 0.001 and OR = 0.146; 95% CI [0.162–0.662]; p = 0.002 and OR = 2.0; 95% CI [1.3853–2.817]; respectively, (p = 0.000)). Conclusions: Our data demonstrated that heterozygous and homozygous mutant genotypes of MTRR polymorphisms were associated with decreased risk of developing CML in the Sudanese population.
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Abdulla, Salmma MA, Samah Karoum, Sahar Fadul, AbulGasim Karoum, Mihad Mobark, Zohal AA Abdalla, Mohammed AS Mohammed, Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed Hamad, and Mamoun Magzoub. "Value of serum calcium in preeclamptic Sudanese women." MOJ Women s Health 11, no. 2 (December 30, 2022): 73–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/mojwh.2022.11.00308.
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Background: Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-related hypertensive disorder occurring in the second half of the pregnancy and is one of the major causes of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Though the etiology is obscure, recent studies indicate that the levels of serum calcium may play a role in the development of preeclampsia. The aim of this study to find out the relationship of serum calcium in preeclamptic pregnancies compared to normal pregnancies. Methods: This was a case control study carried out at Bahari Hospital which included 100 women with preeclampsia in the third trimester of pregnancy as a study group and 100 healthy pregnant women in their third trimester of pregnancy as a control group with similar maternal and gestational age. The concentration of the corrected total serum calcium was measured by measuring total serum calcium and serum albumin using a spectrophotometric method. Data was analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. Results: The age of the participants was (18-45) years old, with gestational age ranging from (34-36) weeks, there was no significant difference between the two groups in their age, gestational age, with p value (0.5) and (0.2) respectively. Plasma calcium level was lower in preeclamptic women as compared to healthy control subject, the mean value of plasma calcium levels were (7.1±0.8) mg/dl and (9.6±0.4) mg/dl, in study and control groups respectively, the difference in the mean were statistically significant with p value (0.001). Conclusion: Hypocalcaemia related to preeclampsia supports the hypothesis that alternation in the total serum calcium levels may be involved in the possible pathogenesis of preeclampsia.
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Elhassan, Mohamed Omer Ali, Ida Hartina Ahmed Tharbe, and Ahmad Shamsuri Muhamad. "The Direct and Indirect Effects of Implicit Beliefs of Intelligence on Academic Achievement in English among High School Students: Goal Orientation as a Mediator." Electronic Journal of Research in Education Psychology 19, no. 54 (September 1, 2021): 247–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.25115/ejrep.v19i54.3584.
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Introduction. High academic achievement in English is a valued key for high school students in Sudan to guide them toward a better life, career, and social opportunities. At the same time, many of the Sudanese students have linguistic, cultural, and rhetorical problems in the English language, and many of them face challenges in expressing themselves in English. Thus, the core purpose of this study is to explore what may help them in this matter; this includes examining the direct effects of the entity and incremental beliefs of intelligence on academic achievement in English and testing the indirect effects through goal orientation. Method. A quantitative research method was used by applying scales of implicit beliefs of intelligence (Dweck, 2000) and goal orientation (Elliot & Church, 1997). The data were collected using a cluster sampling technique from 392 respondents, mainly high school students in Sudan. A structural equation model (SEM-AMOS) of relations among constructs was employed to examine the relationships among the construct variables. Results. The findings of the structural equation modelling indicated that there was no direct effect of entity belief of intelligence and that there was a direct effect of incremental belief of intelligence on academic achievement in English. Regarding the mediation role of the goal orientation in the relationship between entity belief of intelligence and academic achievement in English, there was no mediation role play. Nevertheless, the goal orientation partially mediated the relationship between the incremental belief of intelligence and academic achievement in English among Sudanese high school students. Discussion and Conclusion. Academic achievement in English is influenced by students' motivations, beliefs of intelligence, and goal orientations. Accordingly, the English language of Sudanese high school students requires more attention and consideration for the incremental belief of intelligence, goal orientation, and other significant variables in order to support those students in Sudanese high schools to overcome their weaknesses in English and improve themselves so that they can achieve high scores academically in English.
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Hamid, Abdalla A. R. M. "PERSONALITY CORRELATES OF HEALTH OUTCOMES IN SUDANESE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 32, no. 4 (January 1, 2004): 321–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2004.32.4.321.
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Individual differences play a salient and vital role in the person's responses to different stressors. Hence, various individuals are expected to differ in health outcome resulting from encountering stressful situations. This study aimed at identifying personality traits in Sudanese university students and investigating the nature of the relationship between these traits and psychological disturbances measured by the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28-item version, Goldberg & Williams, 1988). The Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ-R, 48 items, Eysenck, Eysenck,& Barrett, 1985) was used to assess personality traits. One hundred psychology students (mean age 23.7) participated in the study. The majority (80%) of the students were females. The results revealed a strong positive relationship between neuroticism (N) on one hand and somatic symptoms, anxiety and depression on the other hand. Extraversion (E) was negatively related to anxiety, depression, somatic symptoms and social dysfunction. No significant sex or age difference was found in psychological disturbances measured by the GHQ or in personality traits – apart from a positive association between E and age. Unlike studies carried out in other countries which showed females to be more anxious and more neurotic, the present study did not find sex differences in anxiety and neuroticism. When a cutoff point of 4 was used, 20% of the students were classified as psychiatric cases. This may indicate the widespread prevalence of psychological disorders amongst Sudanese university students.
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Eltigani, Barri, Khalid Hussein Bakheit, Haghamad Allzain, Hijazi Mohamed Ahmed, Ibrahim Bakhit, and Rashid Eltayeb. "LIPID ABNORMALITY IN HYPERTENSIVE SUDANESE PATIENTS IN SHENDI LOCALITY, SUDAN." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 3, no. 6 (June 30, 2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v3.i6.2015.2994.
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Hypertension is commonly associated with other cardiovascular risk factors, such as obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidaemia. The presence of these cardiovascular risk factors and the resulting endothelial dysfunction may play a role in the pathophysiology of hypertension. Dyslipidaemia, a strong predictor of cardiovascular disease.
This cross-sectional study was conducted at Shendi locality from February 2011 to July 2012. The patients underwent a clinical assessment, which included history (a questionnaire) and clinical examination. 100 hypertensive patients. The age limits was 40 to 60 years.
There was sharp and definite increase in the percentage of patients having >200mg/dl total cholesterol after four years of diabetes mellitus from (28-34%) to (41%). There was a sharp increase in the percentage of patients having >150mg/dl of low density lipoproteins after 6 years of diabetes mellitus from(8-9%) to (14.2%). There was also an increase in the percentage of patients having <160mg/dl of triglycerides after four years of diabetes mellitus from 53% to 61% of diabetes.
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M. Alkhanjaf, Abdulrab Ahmed, Wala Eldin Osman Elradi, Abdel Rahim Mahmoud Muddathir, Ream Elzain Abdelgadir, Elharam Ibrahim Abdallah, and Elhashimi E Hassan. "Molecular Cytogenetic Characterization of Burkitt's Lymphoma Among Sudanese Patients." Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 16, no. 1 (March 21, 2023): 113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/2593.
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Burkitt lymphoma, one of the two main types of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (B-NHL), is a cancer type that develops in the lymphatic system and is a very aggressive lymphoma. This study looked into the cytogenetic and molecular characteristics of Burkitt lymphoma in Sudanese individuals. Paraffin embedded tissue blocks associated to 34 people who had previously been diagnosed with burkitt's lymphoma and retained were studied as part of a retrospective cross-sectional study in Khartoum state, Sudan, in September 2017. The Soba Teaching Governmental Hospital and private histology laboratories provided these blocks. The analysis component included three translocations, including t(8;14) (q24;q32), t(8;22) (q24;q11), and t(2;8) (p12;q24) for 34 patients. We discovered that the majority of patients have t(8;14) (q24;q32), which was positive in 44.1% (15/34), while t(8;22) (q24;q11) verified in 17.6% (6/34) of patients. Only one (2.9%) displays a positive result for t(2; 8) (p12;q24). Although immune-phenotyping and morphological characteristics for BL were found in the study's 12 cases (35.3%), it is possible that these cases represent a different variety of Burkitt's lymphoma caused by different forms of translocation. According to the study's findings, t(8;14) (q24;q32) remains the most common chromosomal rearrangement among Sudanese individuals with BL. Nevertheless, translocation of BL variations may exist, necessitating the use of advanced tools like sequencing, as these variants may play a significant role in the development and prognosis of disease.
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Andris, Maria Fryna Angelica, and Edwin Martua Bangun Tambunan. "Peran Perempuan dalam Proses Bina Damai: Studi Kasus Aktivis Perempuan di Sudan Selatan (2005-2018)." Jurnal Ilmiah Hubungan Internasional 19, no. 1 (June 19, 2023): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.26593/jihi.v19i1.6220.1-24.
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Amidst the oppressive patriarchal culture, the lingering conflict in South Sudan between 2005-2018 has caused women to experience discrimination and violence. The dissatisfaction of women activists with the social system and the protracted conflict eventually encouraged them to participate in the peacebuilding process. This article examines the role of women in the peacebuilding activities by describing the work of women activists in South Sudan. The study is conducted qualitatively by applying the case study method and utilizing the Feminist methodology to comprehensively examine individuals and women's activist organizations activities in peacebuilding through the women perspective. This research finds that women activists play a role in the peacebuilding process at every level of the actor pyramid, from grassroots, middle, to top level. Positive and transformative changes take place as the result of their roles. At the top level, the peacebuilding efforts have encouraged the South Sudanese government to involve women activists in the peace negotiation process withSudan and ensure gender equality in the formulated constitution. At the middle and lower levels, peacebuilding efforts succeeded in convincing South Sudanese to support the implementation of gender equality as part of conflict resolution. Keywords: Women; Peacebuilding; Gender Equality; Discrimination; South Suda
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Abdalla Ahmed, Dr Osama Altayib. "The role of the Sudanese press in addressing Halayba crisis." علوم الاتصال 7, no. 3 (October 5, 2022): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.52981/cs.v7i3.2698.
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Abstract:
This study sought to reveal the Sudanese press’s treatment of the Halayeb crisis (a descriptive and applied study on the two newspapers, Al-Rai Al-Aam and Al-Sahafa. And access to the obstacles that stand in the way of carrying out this coverage and whether they satisfy the needs of the public in receiving information, and then knowing the reasons for the shortcomings, if any, and ways to treat them.
Through this, the study sought to achieve a set of goals, including identifying the level of press coverage of crises in order to reach the obstacles to this coverage and to develop solutions to treat them, the need for the press to play a positive role that serves the higher interest of the nation.
The researcher used the descriptive, survey and analytical approach and used observation, interview and questionnaire tools, and the study reached a number of results and recommendations, the most important of which are.
The study found that the attitudes of the research sample newspapers towards the Halayeb crisis during the study period were positive, and the newspapers used the inverted and moderate pyramid.
The study recommended sample newspapers to use simple language that is easy to understand and comprehend.
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Sullo, Pietro. "Justice for Darfur: The icc and Domestic Justice Initiatives Eleven Years after the un Security Council Referral." International Criminal Law Review 16, no. 5 (October 12, 2016): 885–912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718123-01605002.
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This article provides a comprehensive overview of justice initiatives triggered by the International Criminal Court (icc) intervention in Sudan, assessing them in the light of the principle of complementarity against international fair trial standards. Particular attention is paid to the role that autochthonous justice initiatives might play to address the violence experienced in Darfur. The aim of this article hence includes providing an overview of the post-conflict justice scenario surrounding Sudan; discussing the rationale behind the adoption of the mechanisms established within this framework; and assessing the impact of the icc on the Sudanese justice system while simultaneously outlining possible strategies for the future.
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Elmahgoub, Fatima A., and Amal H. Abuaffan. "Impact of Malocclusion on Quality of Life in Sudanese Dental Students." Orthodontic Journal of Nepal 5, no. 1 (February 7, 2015): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v5i1.14493.
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Introduction: Both psychological and social factors come to play when analyzing oral health-related quality of life, and recent developments have shown that more focus has been placed on patients’ own perceptions of oral health status and oral health care systems to understand their needs, fulfillment with treatment, and ultimately the perceived overall quality of health systems.Objective: To assess the impact of orthodontic treatment needs on oral health-related quality of life of dental students.Materials & Method: A cross-sectional study was done on a random sample of 100 dental students aged 17-23 years at the University of Medical Sciences & Technology in Sudan. Each subject was assessed for orthodontic treatment need using Dental Health Component (DHC) of Index of Orthodontic Treatment Needs (IOTN). Each subject was given an Oral health-related quality to life questionnaire to complete the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP).Result: The oral health-related quality of life was generally good. Those with ‘definite need for treatment’ showed higher impact on oral health in relation to functional limitation and physical pain, than those who had ‘borderline need’, ‘little need’, or ‘no need for treatment’. Males with ‘borderline’ and ‘definite need for treatment’ generally showed higher impact on oral health than the female counterpart. However, this was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Malocclusion does not seem to affect the oral health-related quality of life to a significant degree.
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Abuaffan, Amal H., and Roa Mohammed Abd-Alrahman. "Occlusal Characteristics of Primary Dentition in Sudanese Children in Khartoum State." Brazilian Dental Science 17, no. 2 (January 24, 2014): 03. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/bds.2014.v17i2.945.
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<p><strong>Objective</strong>: To determine the occlusal characteristics feature of primary dentition in a group of Sudanese children.</p><p><strong>Methods</strong>: A sample of 381 children age 3-5 years old, randomly selected from kindergartens in Khartoum Stat. Clinical examination was done to all children fulfil the inclusion criteria in the teacher office and in natural day light. Prevalence of different types of terminal plane, types of primary canine relationship and spacing of the primary dentition were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results</strong>: Flush terminal plane was the most prevalent type of terminal plane (72.2%). Class I canine relationship was the most common type of primary canine relationships (95%). In the upper arch primate space and physiological spaces were present in 90.3% and 82.4% of the children, respectively. Nevertheless, the lower arch showed primate spaces in 70.1% and physiological spaces in74.8% of the children.</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Large number of the examined children in had flush terminal plane and spacing primary dentition that forecasts development of normal occlusion in their permanent dentition.</p><p><strong>Background</strong>: Occlusal relationships in the primary dentition play an important role in the consequential final occlusion in permanent dentition. Therefore, good knowledge of occlusal relationships in children is essential for dental practitioners</p><p><strong>Design</strong>: A descriptive, cross-sectional study done in randomly selected kindergartens in Khartoum State to determine the occlusal characteristics of primary dentition in a group of Sudanese children.</p><p> </p>
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Yaro, David Suaka, and Y. T. Longi Felix. "DEVELOPING ALTERNATIVES: CITIZENS PERSPECTIVES ON CAUSES AND THE RAMIFICATIONS OF THE 2003 CONFLICT IN DARFUR." International Journal of Conflict Management 3, no. 1 (July 7, 2022): 42–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/ijcm.913.
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This manuscript provides an alternative examination of the causes and the ramifications of the conflict in Darfur. The findings reveled the causes of the conflict to be religion, racial segregation, resources, geographical factors, the influx of weapons etc. and the ramifications are Genocide/Killing, Starvation, Rape, Fear and insecurity, Destruction of Property etc. The parties involved are Government forces, Janjaweed, USA, China Libya, Egypt etc. A purposive sampling technique was used to select 26 respondentswhich include, Diplomats, Civil Servants, Students and refugees. The instrument used for data collection was a semi-structured interview guide. It was conducted within the framework of ‘identity politics. The recommendation to the Sudanese Government is that the government has the following role to play: Protection of the civilian population by the Sudanese government. This can be done by: Publishing and disseminating orders eliminating the targeting of inhabitants, properties and indiscriminate attacks,and enforcement of orders prohibiting the targeting of civilians and civilian property and indiscriminate attacks. Publicise and enforce a policy that embraces zero tolerance for violence against women. Enforcement of UN/ AU Resolutions: The Security Council veto on invasive military flights must be enforced. The AU and NATO should agree on enforcement processes to be applied if Khartoum violates the injunction in United Nation Security Council Resolution 1591 and National Reconciliation: There should be reconciliation that comprises of prosecution of perpetrators of atrocities, the safe return of villagers to their villages and violence compensation.
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Kuju, Lodu Swokiri N., Kenneth Lado Sube, Justin Bruno Tongun, and Joseph Daniel Lako. "Lower back musculoskeletal hydatid cyst: a rare presentation in a South Sudanese patient." South Sudan Medical Journal 15, no. 3 (September 6, 2022): 110–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ssmj.v15i3.8.
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Echinococcosis (hydatidosis) remains a crucial public health concern in areas of endemicity including South Sudan. It affects mostly liver and lungs but rarely musculoskeletal system. A female, aged 75 years, presented to Kapoeta State Hospital, with a three years’ history of a painless mass on her back, gradual onset. There was no history of trauma, pain or fever. On examination there was a mass of 8cm x 5cm, soft, non-tender and lobulated on the right lower back above the gluteal region with intact skin. Imaging investigations (ultrasound, X-ray, CT scan) were not available. A provisional diagnosis of a lipoma was made. Surgery was done successfully and a hydatid cyst was found and removed. There were no post-operative complications. She was discharged on the next day with oral albendazole (400mg), twice a day for 28 days. Six months later, the patient was seen with no complains or recurrence. In endemic areas hydatid cysts should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any cystic swelling or lump. In low resource countries, incorporation of health education to school curriculum will play a key role in reducing incidence or prevalence of the disease.
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Gamil, Sahar, Jeanette Erdmann, Edzard Schwedhelm, Khalid Hussein Bakheit, Ihab B. B. Abdalrahman, and Abdelrahim O. Mohamed. "Increased Serum Levels of Asymmetric Dimethylarginine and Symmetric Dimethylarginine and Decreased Levels of Arginine in Sudanese Patients with Essential Hypertension." Kidney and Blood Pressure Research 45, no. 5 (2020): 727–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000508695.
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Introduction: Essential hypertension (EH) is a disease caused by various environmental and genetic factors. Nitric oxide (NO) is important for the functional integrity of the endothelium. It is produced in endothelial cells by endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) that mediates the conversion of the amino acid arginine into NO and citrulline. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) acts as an inhibitor of eNOS. In contrast, symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) has no direct effect on eNOS but plays an important role competing with arginine for transport across the amino acid transporter. ADMA and SDMA have been found to play a central role in the development of cardiovascular diseases. Serum ADMA levels may serve as a future diagnostic marker and a target of therapy in hypertensive patients in the Sudanese population. This study aimed to investigate the relation between serum arginine, ADMA, and SDMA levels with EH in the Sudanese population. Methods: Patients (n = 260) with established hypertension and controls (n = 144) with normal blood pressure were included in this case-control study. Serum blood samples were analyzed for arginine, ADMA, and SDMA, using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Other laboratory data were measured using routine methods. Mann-Whitney’s U test and χ2 tests were used for continuous and categorical data, respectively. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate the independent effect of multiple variables on the development of hypertension. Results: Serum arginine levels were significantly lower in the patient group than in the control group (p < 0.001). ADMA and SDMA levels were significantly higher in the patient group than the control group (p < 0.001, p = 0.001, respectively). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that only older age, being a male, and arginine levels are independent factors controlling the development of hypertension (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p = 0.046, respectively). ADMA and SDMA levels were not independent factors for the development of hypertension. Conclusions: This study demonstrated increased serum levels of ADMA and SDMA and decreased arginine levels in Sudanese patients with EH. Lowering serum ADMA levels or increasing the arginine levels might be a novel therapeutic target in these individuals.
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Omer Khalid, Waleed Eltayeb. "Role of actuarial accounting in enhancing banks performance." Global Journal of Economics and Business 9, no. 2 (October 2020): 452–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31559/gjeb2020.9.2.16.
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This study aims to shed light on the significance of actuarial science in the banking sector from an accounting point of, And try to find out of the role he plays of actuarial accountant in the Sudanese banking sector and added value that he can add especially In light of a local economy which suffers from violent economic fluctuations that cast a shadow over on. financial stability, and the extent of its ability and contribution to the effectiveness of performance. The study found that Actuaries are active in banking roles despite the weakness of the actuaries who work in the banking sectors in sudan, The study also showed there's a direct relationship between economic fluctuation risks and financial crises need to adopt actuarial accounting methods, also, they have a major role to play to supports the improvement of the quality of financial reporting. The Study recommended necessity of educating decision- makers in the banking sector on the importance of actuarial science and actuarial accountants, who play a key role through actuarial methods that effectively contribute to the bank's ability to overcome economic fluctuations and financial crises.
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Elhussein, Nawal Hussein Abbas, and Jarel Nabi Ahmed Abdelgadir. "Behavioral Bias in Individual Investment Decisions: Is It a Common Phenomenon in Stock Markets?" International Journal of Financial Research 11, no. 6 (December 1, 2020): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v11n6p25.
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This paper aims to investigate the behavioral factors that influence individual investment decision making at a developing country stock market; the Sudanese Stock Exchange Market. The Study employs a cross-sectional survey design as well as analytical methods to collect the necessary data and establish the relationship between the study variables. Data is collected through a structured questionnaire from a sample of 203 individual investors and Correlation and Regression methods are used to conduct the analysis. The findings of the paper provide evidence that behavioral biases play a noticeable role in individual investment decision making process regardless of the degree of development of the stock market. The paper demonstrates that heuristic and market factors play a dominant role in the process of individual decision making in the Khartoum Stock Exchange. The factors that have a significant impact on individual investment decision making process include Representativeness, Overconfidence, Anchoring, Historical cost of stock, Customer preferences, Loss aversion, Mental accounting, Other investors’ trading volume, and Quick reaction to changes in other investors ‘decisions. Factors that have an insignificant impact include Availability bias, Change in stock prices, Regret aversion, and Other investors’ decisions and choices.
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Musa, Mazin Babekir, Ismail Abdalsamad, Najwa A. Mhmoud, Haghamad Allzain, and Sahar M. Bakhiet. "TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR-4 GENE ASPARTATE 299 GLYCINE POLYMORPHISM IN SUDANESE PATIENTS WITH MYCETOMA." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 9, no. 2 (March 1, 2021): 187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v9.i2.2021.3492.
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Background: Mycetoma is a neglected tropical disease characterized by deformity and disabilities with various medical, health, and socioeconomic impacts on the affected communities. The etiological factors associated with Mycetoma have not been fully understood, however genetic predisposition and inflammation are considered as Mycetoma risk factors. Toll like receptors (TLRs) are key players in the innate immune response and play a great role in immune-surveillance and inflammation. This study was conducted to investigate the potential role of TLR4 polymorphism (Asp299Gly) as a risk factor for development of Mycetoma.
Objectives: To determine the presence of TLR4 polymorphism (Asp299Gly) in Sudanese Mycetoma patients as well as measuring allele frequency and genotype distribution of this mutation among Mycetoma patients and healthy controls.
Material and Methods: The current study included ninety five (95) subjects, of whom fifty (50) were confirmed Mycetoma patients and forty five (45) were healthy volunteer controls. It was conducted at the Institute of Endemic Diseases and Mycetoma Research Centre; University of Khartoum in the period, from June 2015 to June 2016. DNA was isolated from blood samples of study subjects and TLR-4 gene polymorphism Asp299Gly was determined using PCR-RFLP with Nco1 restriction enzyme. Genotypes distribution and allele frequencies in the two groups were measured.
Results and conclusion: There was insignificant difference in allele distribution of TLR4 (Asp299Gly) A/G (rs 4986790) in Mycetoma patients compared with the healthy controls. TLR4 (Asp299Gly) polymorphism (rs 4986790) was found in twenty(20) out of fifty (50) Sudanese patients with Mycetoma , that is forty percent (40%) and twenty seven (27) out of forty five (45) healthy control, that is sixty percent (60%).
Further studies are needed in a large and ethnically diverse population to determine the impact of the TLR-4 polymorphism in the susceptibility to Mycetoma.
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Ebraheem, Fadwa Mohammed, Doha Mohammed Alfatih, Mohammed Abdulelah Abuzied, Bahja Abdu Mohammed, Aisha Ali Rhoma, Fatma Zein Elabdeen Ebrahim, Enas Alzain Ahmed, Sawsan Ahmed Aldeaf, and Elsadig Gasoom. "Detection of IL1β Gene in Sudanese Patients with Gliomas Tumor in Khartoum state, Sudan." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 12, no. 6-S (December 15, 2022): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v12i6-s.5825.
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Introduction: Gliomas are the most prevalent type of primary intracranial tumors, representing 80% of all brain neoplasms.In Sudan Brain tumors have been as leading cause of mortality among children and as thirdcausative death among young adults.World Health Organization (WHO) classification2021, categorized gliomas into lower-grades gliomas (LGG,grades II and III) andglioblastoma (GBM, grade IV).Gliomas are surrounded by pool of pro inflammatory cytokines, chemokine and growth factor, particularly review the tumorigenic effects of central nervous system one of this inflammatory cytokines is Interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß ) which play a crucial role in gliomas pathophysiology.
Aims of the study: This study aimed to amplify IL-1ß gene and detect -5511, rs371339015 and rs376341819 SNPs in gliomassubtypes among Sudanese patients using PCR and Sanger sequencing.
Material and methods: The study was conducted at the National Center for Neurological Sciences during the period from May to September 2022, Khartoum Sudan. From all gliomas patientsduring the above mentioned period, tissue samples were collected and processed for DNA extraction, PCR and further Sanger sequencing
Results: In this study, the most common affected agegroup was 31- 40 years, supratentorial location was seen in more than half of the patients and the astrocytoma grade 1 was detected in 80.9%.
In astrocytoma grades I, the most frequent mutation was C >A in 28.7% and A > C in 19%.
C>T mutation was present in gliomasgrade I, II and III.
Conclusions: In this study, C>T was the most encountered mutation in astrocytoma grades.
Key words: Interleukin-1ß, DNA, PCR
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Schweitzer, Robert, Fritha Melville, Zachary Steel, and Philippe Lacherez. "Trauma, Post-Migration Living Difficulties, and Social Support as Predictors of Psychological Adjustment in Resettled Sudanese Refugees." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 40, no. 2 (February 2006): 179–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2006.01766.x.
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Objective: This paper explores the impact of pre-migration trauma, post-migration living difficulties and social support on the current mental health of 63 resettled Sudanese refugees. Method: A semistructured interview including questionnaires assessing sociodemographic information, pre-migration trauma, anxiety, depression and posttraumatic stress, post-migration living difficulties and perceived social support were administered assisted by a bilingual community worker. Results: Resettled refugees from Sudan evidenced a history of trauma. Less than 5% met criteria for posttraumatic stress but 25% reported clinically high levels of psychological distress. The results indicate that social support – particularly perceived social support from the migrant's ethnic community – play a significant role in predicting mental health outcomes. Pre-migration trauma, family status and gender were also associated with mental health outcomes. Conclusions: Refugees in Australia may constitute a particularly vulnerable group interms of mental health outcomes. Culturally specific sequelae in terms of social isolation and acculturation may be particularly problematic for these migrants.
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O. Abdellatif, Ashraf, Ahlam A. Eisa Alnoor, Eslam M. E. Ali, Khalda H. A. Alkhalifa, and Razan M. E. Mohamed. "Fighting the Progress of COVID-19 by Enhancing Immunity: A Review of Traditional Sudanese Natural Products Containing Immune-Boosting Elements." Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 2, no. 2 (May 15, 2023): 231–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.55544/jrasb.2.2.33.
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The World Health Organization has classified the coronavirus disease outbreak as a worldwide pandemic as a result of the COVID-19 expansion. According to medical professionals, individuals with strong immunity often outlive infections more frequently than those with poor immunity. The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted the need for novel approaches to treating the illness and its symptoms. Natural products from plants are increasingly being seen favorably in comparison to synthetic ones in the fight against diseases. As a result, in order to avoid contracting any unanticipated illnesses, individuals must increase their immunity by eating more dietary supplements and by taking drugs that have immune-boosting properties. This review aimed to give a general overview of some traditional Sudanese foods and drinks that are rich in immune-boosting elements, and accordingly, they could be safely recommended as an adjuvant dietary supplement to improve the immune system's ability to fight such infections as COVID-19. Also, this review aims to bring attention to the fact that immune boosters may be found in natural sources, which will help pharmaceutical companies by taking some of the load off of them. Electronic databases, including Google Scholar, Scopus, and the Web of Science, were searched for relevant material. The selected articles underwent independent eligibility and information extraction reviews. The review focused on certain traditional Sudanese herbs and their derivatives that are rich in immune-stimulating vitamins and minerals and therefore could possibly be recommended as immune-boosting dietary supplements to help fight COVID-19. This review highlights the fact that the pharmaceutical sector, especially community and hospital pharmacists, could play a vital role in supporting the healthcare system by encouraging their communities to add plants and their products that are rich in immune-boosting vitamins and minerals to their diet.
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Mubarak, B. S., and Manish Sinha. "The Role of Commercial Diplomacy in Promoting India as a Destination for Higher Education: A Case Study of Sudan." Australasian Accounting, Business and Finance Journal 17, no. 1 (2023): 205–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.14453/aabfj.v17i1.05.
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There are several studies on the internationalization of higher Education in India. However, most of these studies are based on initiatives that have been taken up by private universities in India. Indian Embassies and Consulates (Indian Missions) around the world play an important role in promoting India as a destination for higher education among foreign students. Indian Missions become the first interface for foreign students travelling to India. Sudan is the third largest African country, with a population of over 45 million. India is one of the preferred destinations for Sudanese students travelling abroad for higher studies. Annually about 1500 students travel to India for higher studies, mainly to Pune, Mumbai, Hyderabad, Chennai and Bangalore. A study was conducted on students who have completed University education in India to understand the role of Commercial Diplomacy and Indian Missions in promoting India as a destination for higher education. The outcome of the study provides insights into the importance of Commercial Diplomacy and the role of Indian Missions in promoting India as a destination for Higher Education. Outreach events to promote India as a destination for Higher Education and facilitation of Student visas play a major role in students choosing India as a destination for higher education.
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Gendusa, Ester. "Bernardine Evaristo’s The Emperor’s Babe: Re-narrating Roman Britannia, De-essentialising European History." Synthesis: an Anglophone Journal of Comparative Literary Studies, no. 8 (December 1, 2015): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/syn.16212.
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Bernardine Evaristo’s The Emperor’s Babe (2001) contributes to the imaginative disentanglement of the traditional British ethnicity-and-nation nexus and questions the related founding myth of racial purity by featuring the character of Zuleika, a young black woman who is born of Sudanese parents in Roman London. Through the depiction of Zuleika, Evaristo offers a subversive reshaping of some versions of the official British national history in the context of a wider revision of the European classical past. However, in spite of its temporal setting, Evaristo’s historical novel simultaneously engages with contemporary issues of gendered racialisation and national belonging. In its highly orchestrated poetic prose, Roman Londinium and today’s London are imaginatively interwoven. This enables the reader to correlate Zuleika’s attempts at negotiating her right to citizenship in the Roman empire to contemporary Black British feminist politics, committed as it is to resisting structures of sexist and racial discrimination at play in present-day Britain.
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Hadi, Muaid Ali Obeid, Albadawi abdelbagi Talha, Ali Seed Ahmed, and Abdalraheem Ali Babiker. "Cyclin D1 Immunohistochemical Expression in Sudanese Patients Affected with Prostatic Carcinoma in Khartoum State." Sudan Journal of Medical Sciences 13, no. 4 (December 26, 2018): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/sjms.v13i4.3604.
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Prostatic carcinoma is a common public health problem in aging people. Cyclin D1 proto-oncogene is an important regulator of G1 to S phase progression in many different cell types. It is believed to play an important role in both tumorigenesis and grading of many cancers including prostatic carcinoma; high levels of these proteins have been reported in certain human malignancies and have been implicated in aberrant cell division and dysregulated tumor growth. The aims of this study was to examine the immunohistochemical expression of Cyclin D1 in prostatic carcinoma and to demonstrate the association or relation between Cyclin D1 expressions and to determine the aggressiveness of the malignant tumors by Gleason Score. In this study, 50 samples, 25 cases of prostatic cancer and 25 cases of benign prostatic tissues, were studied for Cyclin D1 expression using an immunohistochemical technique which was performed on routinely processed, formalin-fixed, and paraffin-embedded tissues; the tissues were then sectioned into thickness of (3–5 µm) with rotary microtome instrument, and immunohistochemical expression of Cyclin D1 was evaluated in all cases. All of the primary human prostatic cancer samples revealed in different ranges of intensity from weak (+1), moderate (+2) to strongly positive nuclear staining (+3) for Cyclin D1. In this study, we revealed no nuclear staining in the benign prostatic hyperplasia (PBH) disease (+0) in 21 cases (84%), and 4 cases (16%) were ranged in different color intensity; 3 (12%) were weak (1+) and 1 (4%) was moderate (2+), while prostatic cancer cases were also evaluated in different color intensity; 13 cases (52%) were (+3), 7 (28%) were (+2), 3 were (12%) were (+1), and only two (8%) were negative. There was no significance correlation between Gleason's score and the intensity of Cyclin D1 expression. Conclusively, it can be said that Cyclin D1 may be helpful in the differentiation between BPH and prostate cancer, the correlation between the intensity of Cyclin D1 expression and prostatic diseases was statistically highly significant (p-value = 0.00). The authors recommend to use Cyclin D1 as a tumor marker to prostatic carcinoma.
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Parlanova, Aila Telman kyzy. "Turkey's Geopolitical interests in Sudan." Мировая политика, no. 2 (February 2022): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8671.2022.2.36649.
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The subject of the study is Turkish–Sudanese relations at the present stage, the object is Turkey's foreign policy strategy. The aim of the work is to identify Ankara's geopolitical goals in Sudan after the conclusion of the Suakin Island lease agreement in 2017 and to analyze the state of bilateral relations after the overthrow of Sudanese President Omar al–Bashir in 2019. Turning to primary sources, the study shows that Turkey's foreign policy in Sudan is a logical continuation of the policy of neo-Ottomanism and pan-Islamism. An analysis of political events in the region reveals that Ankara needs to consolidate in Sudan in order to weaken the positions of the President of Egypt, A. F. Al–Sisi. It is determined that in the case of the creation of a military base on the island of Suakin, near the Suez Canal, Ankara gets access to four of the seven most vulnerable logistics hubs of the World Ocean at once. In the Russian literature, this topic has been studied only in certain aspects, without a comprehensive analytical generalization, which determines the novelty of this work. The establishment of a new government in Sudan in December 2019, loyal to Saudi Arabia and Egypt, meant that Ankara's foreign policy course in Khartoum did not justify itself. A comparison of Turkey's foreign policy strategy in Somalia and Sudan reveals Ankara's main miscalculation – insufficient use of "soft power" tools. Nevertheless, in the Program of the Foreign Policy of the Republic of Turkey for 2021, Sudan is given a separate place among potential partners. It is concluded that despite the obvious political miscalculation, Ankara still intends to promote relations with Khartoum and pursue its geopolitical interests. Consequently, East Africa and the Red Sea region play a significant role in Turkey's foreign policy. It is necessary to take this factor into account when studying and forecasting Ankara's foreign policy on the world stage.
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Gabbay, Shaul M. "The Role of Extremist Groups in Fueling Violence in Sudan." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 10, no. 12 (December 17, 2023): 174–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.1012.16012.
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In this paper we consider the role extremist groups play in perpetuating violence in Sudan, a country long plagued by terrorism and political instability. We examine the various groups’ ideologies, world views, and objectives, and discuss the influence these groups have on the social, political, and economic welfare of Sudan. Starting with an historical overview, we explain how extremism in Sudan first took root. We examine the primary players and their regional and international influences. Further, we examine the significant toll extremist-driven violence has taken and continues to take on civilian population as well as on governance and the economy. Furthermore, we study the ways Sudanese government has attempted to disempower extremist groups and analyze the effectiveness of international interventions. By analyzing the root causes of extremism as well as current events, we seek to provide a thoughtful land nuanced understanding of this pernicious issue. This study serves as a critical examination of the complexities surrounding extremist violence in Sudan, contributing to the broader discourse on counterterrorism and peacebuilding in conflict-prone regions.
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Aabdein, Mohamed Elmogtba Mouaweia Mohamed, Alsmawal Awad Mohammed Elimam, Hisham N. Altayb, Mohamed El-Fatih Mohy Eldeen, Mosab Mohamed Gasemelseed, Afra AbdElhamid FadlAlla, Marwa Mohamed Osman, et al. "BRCA1 novel mutation V1736D and in silico analysis of SNP Q356R in Sudanese patients with breast cancer." F1000Research 6 (August 14, 2017): 1461. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.11395.1.
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Background: Breast cancer (BC) remains one of the leading causes of death in women worldwide. The BRCA1 deleterious mutation has a significant role in developing BC, and the risk has been estimated to be 46–87%. Many studies emphasize the need for mining BRCA1 gene mutations that might have a role in BC pathogenesis and could affect early disease onset. This study was conducted to screen for possible pathogenic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in BRCA1, targeting three regions: two in exon 11 and the third in exon 20. Methods: 45 blood samples were collected from patients diagnosed with BC. DNA was extracted and selected regions were amplified by PCR using three sets of primers - two within exon 11 and one within exon 20 of BRCA1. Subsets of 10 samples were selected for each primer set (30 PCR products) and sequenced. Sequences were analyzed using various bioinformatics tools. Results: Two missense mutations were found, Q356R (rs1799950) in one patient (27 years old) and a novel SNP, V1736D, in three premenopausal patients (≤45 years), which were located within exons 11 and 20, respectively. Both detected variants were heterozygous, a status found in all patients detected with such monoallelic variation. Both missense variants underwent in silico analysis. The well-known mutation, rs1799950, was predicted to alter the protein activity, conferred by a mutant residue (R-Arg), owing to the position with a bigger size and positive charge. The novel SNP, V1736D, was predicted to play a role in the pathogenesis of BC. Conclusion: Both variants require further investigation, firstly to assess their contribution to BC and secondly to determine their potential diagnostic value when assessed in a larger population.
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Aabdein, Mohamed Elmogtba Mouaweia Mohamed, Alsmawal Awad Mohammed Elimam, Hisham N. Altayb, Mohamed El-Fatih Mohy Eldeen, Mosab Mohamed Gasemelseed, Afra AbdElhamid FadlAlla, Marwa Mohamed Osman, et al. "BRCA1 novel mutation V1736D and in silico analysis of SNP Q356R in Sudanese patients with breast cancer." F1000Research 6 (September 21, 2017): 1461. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.11395.2.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Breast cancer (BC) remains one of the leading causes of death in women worldwide. The BRCA1 deleterious mutation has a significant role in developing BC, and the risk has been estimated to be 46–87%. Many studies emphasize the need for mining BRCA1 gene mutations that might have a role in BC pathogenesis and could affect early disease onset. This study was conducted to screen for possible pathogenic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in BRCA1, targeting three regions: two in exon 11 and the third in exon 20. Methods: 45 blood samples were collected from patients diagnosed with BC. DNA was extracted and selected regions were amplified by PCR using three sets of primers - two within exon 11 and one within exon 20 of BRCA1. Subsets of 10 samples were selected for each primer set (30 PCR products) and sequenced. Sequences were analyzed using various bioinformatics tools. Results: Two missense mutations were found, Q356R (rs1799950) in one patient (27 years old) and a novel SNP, V1736D, in three premenopausal patients (≤45 years), which were located within exons 11 and 20, respectively. Both detected variants were heterozygous, a status found in all patients detected with such monoallelic variation. Both missense variants underwent in silico analysis. The well-known mutation, rs1799950, was predicted to alter the protein activity, conferred by a mutant residue (R-Arg), owing to the position with a bigger size and positive charge. The novel SNP, V1736D, was predicted to play a role in the pathogenesis of BC. Conclusion: Both variants require further investigation, firstly to assess their contribution to BC and secondly to determine their potential diagnostic value when assessed in a larger population.
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Aabdein, Mohamed Elmogtba Mouaweia Mohamed, Alsmawal Awad Mohammed Elimam, Hisham N. Altayb, Mohamed El-Fatih Mohy Eldeen, Mosab Mohamed Gasemelseed, Afra AbdElhamid FadlAlla, Marwa Mohamed Osman, et al. "BRCA1 novel mutation V1736D and in silico analysis of SNP Q356R in Sudanese patients with breast cancer." F1000Research 6 (November 6, 2017): 1461. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.11395.3.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Breast cancer (BC) remains one of the leading causes of death in women worldwide. The BRCA1 deleterious mutation has a significant role in developing BC, and the risk has been estimated to be 46–87%. Many studies emphasize the need for mining BRCA1 gene mutations that might have a role in BC pathogenesis and could affect early disease onset. This study was conducted to screen for possible pathogenic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in BRCA1, targeting three regions: two in exon 11 and the third in exon 20. Methods: 45 blood samples were collected from patients diagnosed with BC. DNA was extracted and selected regions were amplified by PCR using three sets of primers - two within exon 11 and one within exon 20 of BRCA1. Subsets of 10 samples were selected for each primer set (30 PCR products) and sequenced. Sequences were analyzed using various bioinformatics tools. Results: Two missense mutations were found, Q356R (rs1799950) in one patient (27 years old) and a novel SNP, V1736D, in three premenopausal patients (≤45 years), which were located within exons 11 and 20, respectively. Both detected variants were heterozygous, a status found in all patients detected with such monoallelic variation. Both missense variants underwent in silico analysis. The well-known mutation, rs1799950, was predicted to alter the protein activity, conferred by a mutant residue (R-Arg), owing to the position with a bigger size and positive charge. The novel SNP, V1736D, was predicted to play a role in the pathogenesis of BC. Conclusion: Both variants require further investigation, firstly to assess their contribution to BC and secondly to determine their potential diagnostic value when assessed in a larger population.
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Aabdein, Mohamed Elmogtba Mouaweia Mohamed, Alsmawal Awad Mohammed Elimam, Hisham N. Altayb, Mohamed El-Fatih Mohy Eldeen, Mosab Mohamed Gasemelseed, Afra AbdElhamid FadlAlla, Marwa Mohamed Osman, et al. "BRCA1 novel variation V1736D and in silico analysis of SNP Q356R in Sudanese patients with breast cancer." F1000Research 6 (January 24, 2018): 1461. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.11395.4.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Breast cancer (BC) remains one of the leading causes of death in women worldwide. The BRCA1 deleterious mutation has a significant role in developing BC, and the risk has been estimated to be 46–87%. Many studies emphasize the need for mining BRCA1 gene mutations that might have a role in BC pathogenesis and could affect early disease onset. This study was conducted to screen for possible pathogenic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in BRCA1, targeting three regions: two in exon 11 and the third in exon 20. Methods: 45 blood samples were collected from patients diagnosed with BC. DNA was extracted and selected regions were amplified by PCR using three sets of primers - two within exon 11 and one within exon 20 of BRCA1. Subsets of 10 samples were selected for each primer set (30 PCR products) and sequenced. Sequences were analyzed using various bioinformatics tools. Results: Two missense variations were found, Q356R (rs1799950) in one patient (27 years old) and a novel SNP, V1736D, in three premenopausal patients (≤45 years), which were located within exons 11 and 20, respectively. Both detected variants were heterozygous, a status found in all patients detected with such monoallelic variation. Both missense variants underwent in silico analysis. The well-known variation, rs1799950, was predicted to alter the protein activity, conferred by a mutant residue (R-Arg), owing to the position with a bigger size and positive charge. The novel SNP, V1736D, was predicted to play a role in the pathogenesis of BC. Conclusion: Both variants require further investigation, firstly to assess their contribution to BC and secondly to determine their potential diagnostic value when assessed in a larger population.
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Hill, Adam C. "‘The Battle for Abu Simbel’: Archaeology and Postcolonial Diplomacy in the UNESCO Campaign for Nubia." Journal of Contemporary History 56, no. 3 (April 17, 2021): 502–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022009421997884.
Full textAbstract:
This essay examines the role and agency of British archaeologists in the discussions surrounding Egypt’s construction of the Aswan High Dam beginning in the late 1950s. The dam was conceived as a grand engineering project that would create new farmland and make Egypt self-sufficient in terms of its energy needs, but flooding caused by the dam threatened to destroy numerous archaeological sites along the Nile River on the border of Egypt and Sudan. With the blessing of the Egyptian and Sudanese governments, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) launched a complex rescue operation in 1960 with the goal of surveying the affected sites, in some cases removing entire structures to safe locations. Despite Britain’s initial reluctance—four years after the Suez crisis—to participate in a program that would benefit an avowedly hostile regime, British scientific expertise and private fundraising soon came to play an important role in UNESCO’s ‘Campaign for Nubia’. Using diplomatic papers and the records of various scientific bodies, I will argue that British participation in the UNESCO archaeological program was a crucial avenue for Anglo-Egyptian rapprochement during the 1960s and 1970s.
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Musarrofa, Ita. "Islam dan Masa Depan Hak Asasi Manusia Menurut Abdullah Ahmed Al-Na’im." al-Daulah: Jurnal Hukum dan Perundangan Islam 3, no. 2 (October 1, 2013): 260–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15642/ad.2013.3.2.260-278.
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Abstract: The reality of the modern world necessitates a Muslim to rethink about how to be a Muslim in the middle of the interdependence of security, politics, social and culture. This makes Abdullah Ahmed al-Na'im, a Sudanese Muslim intellectual, be restless. The provision of international legal guarantees for the implementation of the collective right of every nation to self-determination make Muslims play the majority of mobilizing their identity in the form of an Islamic state and the implementation of shari’ah itself. However, the affirmation of the collective right to self-determination must be placed within the framework of providing justice for all citizens regardless of sex, race and religion. Herein lies the problem of the implementation of Islamic shari’ah. It is because in some cases, the implementation of Islamic shari’ah actually violates Human Rights, especially the rights of women and non-Muslims. Al-Na'im seeks a peaceful path that Human Rights which established by the United Nations gets the legitimacy of Islam, so that the implementation of the collective right to self-determination by Muslims is not contrary to the values of Human Rights that have been declared universally.Keywords: Human rights, universal, shariah, Abdullah Ahmed al-Na'im
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Fadl, Manal A., and Hadeel M. M. Hassan. "The association of the Fok1(rs2228570)vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphism with cardiovascular diseases predisposition in Sudanese patients." Journal of The Faculty of Science and Technology, no. 6 (January 12, 2021): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.52981/jfst.vi6.601.
Full textAbstract:
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are public health concerns globally. The role of genetics in CVDs predisposition was evidenced in previous studies. The nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR)regulates the transcription of a number of different genes implicated in a variety of diseases including CVDs.In this study we aimed to investigate “for the first time” the association of vitamin D receptor (VDR) FokI(rs2228570)gene polymorphismwith the risk of heart diseases (CVDs) in Sudanese patients. A cross sectional case-control study was conducted, including 60 of proven heart disease (CVD)patients and 77 controls. The demographic information was obtained using well designed questionnaire. The genotypes of the VDR FokIpolymorphism (rs2228570) were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method using Fok1 restriction enzyme.The results of this study showed that atherosclerosis represents 57.1% of the CVD cases. No gender difference was observed when compare cases to the controls (P= 0.13).Previous attack of CVDs was reported in16.7% of the CVD cases. 50% of the patients have family history of CVDs with high significant difference when compared to the controls (P=0.0001)52% and 48% of the CVD patients are hypertensive and diabetic respectively. The genotypes of the Fok1polymorphismof the VDR gene did not differ between CVD patients and control subjects (P=0.72).Thisindicates that this mutation is unlikely to play a major role in CVDs predisposition in our sample. However, the frequencies of the mutant CC and TC genotypes among CVD patients who encountered previous attack was 33.3% and 55.6% respectively.The frequency of the mutant allele among CVD cases and controls is71% and 74% respectively and among who patients have family history of CVD was 72%, indicating a potential presence of the mutant allele in the general population.Thisresult suggest that the Fok1 polymorphism of the VDR gene is unlikely to contribute to CVDs predisposition in this samples, however, a considerable frequency of the mutant allele among CVD cases and controls and among those who have family history of CVDs, indicating a latent presence of the mutant allele in the general population and mightpossibly contribute to disease susceptibility in Sudanese CVD patients.
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Eisawi, Khalid A. E., Tayyab Shaheen, and Hong He. "The Effects of Pitfall Trap Spacing on Ant Richness (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), Abundance, and Composition in Dinder National Park, Sudan." Travaux du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle “Grigore Antipa” 65, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 51–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/travaux.65.e71644.
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Ants play an important role in Sudanese biodiversity and environmental impact assessments, Although baiting is easy and cheap to implement, several considerations, such as the spacing among bait, can affect the estimation of the abundance and richness of ants species. In this study, we evaluated the effects of bait spacing on abundance and the number of ant species. We also demonstrate which distance between baits showed the best relationship between costs and the number of ant species sampled. We sampled 30 transects of 100 m with bait spacing ranging (2.5; 3.3; 5; 6.7; 10 and 20 m), spread over 1 km² into three different type of ecosystems (Wooded grass land, Riverine ecosystem and Maya ecosystem), at DNP located in Sudan. The bait spacing did not affect the ant diversity estimative. Regardless bait spacing, the number of species collected every five baits was around 8, and the average abundance was approximately 50 individuals. However, the number of species per bait was higher in transects with a larger gap between baits. Transects with bait spans of 20 and 10 m captured 50% more species per bait than transects with baits 2.5 and 3.4 m apart. Our study suggest that the most efficient sampling design using only baits in the park would be, to place 450 baits every 10 m and 20 m.
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Alkinain, Ashraf M. A., Kamal Eldin Ahmed Abdelsalam, and Mutaz Ibrahim Hassan. "Relation of R-Spondin 3 Gene expression android obesity and Susceptibility to Cardiovascular disease in Sudanese Patients in Khartoum State." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 9, no. 2 (March 20, 2019): 355–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i2.2597.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Obesity is a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease. A growing database of clinical evidence implicates intra-abdominal adiposity as a powerful driving force for elevated cardiometabolic risk. Addressing intra-abdominal adiposity should play a central role in future strategies aimed at improving cardiovascular outcomes in patients with abdominal obesity and its associated cardiometabolic risk in Sudan. Several studies aimed to identify some factors controlling the size and function of different areas of fat. Our research is focusing on a particular gene called R-SPONDIN3,
Objectives: It is to find the amount of R-Spondin3 Gene expression in Abdominal obesity and Susceptibility to Cardiovascular disease in Sudanese Patients in Khartoum State
Material and methods: - The study was including 300 participants (156 males and 144 females) classified into three groups. The first group was including one hundred participants with abdominal obesity (obese), the second group was including one hundred participants already diagnosed with CVD entangled with obesity (Heart Group as positive control group), while the third group was include one hundred healthy lean volunteers (negative control group)
Results: - The findings of this study showed Conventional PCR results were significantly different (P <0.001) in Heart group subjects as compared to healthy controls and obese group. Among heart group mutation was detected in some subjects (19%) and the rest without mutation (81%) but in obese group no mutation was detected. Comparison between the different studied groups according to gene expression showed significant differences (P <0.001) mean value of gene expression in healthy group subjects was 1.0 ± 0.0, Obesity group was 2.44 ± 0.50 and heart group subjects was 4.54 ± 0.87 respectively.
Conclusion: The amount of R-SPONDIN3 gene expression among the obese and CVD patients is show up significant different and the amount of gene expressing among the CVD patients is higher than obese which is suggested that the amount of gene expressed in obese patients with heart disease more than obese patients without cardiovascular complications
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Amel O Gundi, Fatima O Hamed, Maha H Agraa, Mauzamil M Abdel Hamid, and Omer A Musa. "Correlation of serum total immunoglobulin E levels, eosinophilia and sensitization to common aero- allergens among asthmatics in Sudan." International Journal of Scientific Research Updates 4, no. 1 (July 30, 2022): 001–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.53430/ijsru.2022.4.1.0058.
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Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of pulmonary airways in which many cells and cellular elements play a role. Chronic inflammation is responsible for increased serum total Immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels, specific IgE, and blood eosinophils (B-Eos) count. We aimed in the present study to determine quantitative physiological traits: serum total IgE, and B-Eos count and assess their correlation with skin prick test (SPT) among Sudanese asthmatics, and evaluate these findings with the persistence of developing asthma. 281 subjects; 146 asthmatics and 135 controls were recruited. Pulmonary function tests (PFTs), and SPT for commonly encountered allergens were performed using the standard methods. Serum total IgE was measured using the ELISA technique, and blood smears for B-Eos count were measured using a colter counter. An interview questionnaire was filled out for each individual to determine the duration of the disease, allergic status, and environmental factors. In the majority of asthmatics; Positive SPT response to seven allergens (P < 0.01), the highest exposure allergen was found to be mixed molds (85.3%), and the strongest sensitized allergen was house dust mite (HDM) (P <0.001). Serum total IgE and B-Eos count were highest (P<0.001) having a significant positive SPT response (P<0.001). Conclusion: There is a strong association between sensitization to some allergens and asthma. High serum total IgE levels, and high eosinophil count has been found to be correlated with asthma
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Bahreldin, Ibrahim Zakaria. "Public Space, Public Art, and The Revolution." Journal of Public Space 7, no. 3 (December 31, 2022): 45–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.32891/jps.v7i3.1200.
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Since the Arab spring in 2011, public space and public art have been progressively central to urban planning and design literature. The recent social movements and reform discourse in the Sudanese cities exhibit that public space and public art have come to the fore in the civil uprising of December 2018 and its associated sit-in space. While many studies have examined public spaces in Khartoum, only a few have looked at them from the perspective of activism and public art. Yet, the post-2018 uprising has rendered these topics critical and compelling to researchers. This research reflects upon the transformation and events in the Khartoum sit-in space during the December uprising. Our article aims to document and analyse the public art and graffiti presented in the sit-in space in Khartoum. This research tries to answer two main questions: What role does public art and graffiti play in the revolution? Moreover, how does this role influence the quality of public space in general and the sit-in space in particular? The methodology used in this article includes direct observation, interviews, and follow-up of written and photographic material from the sit-in space and online and written resources. The results exhibited in this article show that public art and graffiti played five significant roles in the sit-in space. Public art also transformed the sit-in space aesthetics and the conception of public art and how it is produced and consumed.
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Osman, Sahar E., Magdi Salih, Ehab M. Ahmed, Ahmed A. Mohammed, and Ishag Adam. "Expression of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and Cytokeratin 18 and 19 in Placentas of Women with Severe Preeclampsia." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 8, B (May 20, 2020): 485–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.4004.
Full textAbstract:
BACKGROUND: Although the exact mechanism leading to preeclampsia is not fully understood, abnormal trophoblast invasion contributes to its pathogenesis. Keratins and cadherin are known to play roles in the regulation of trophoblast proliferation. However, studies describing the association between keratins, cadherin, and preeclampsia are limited.
AIM: The current study was conducted to investigate the association of these proteins with severe preeclampsia in Sudanese women.
METHODS: A case–control study was conducted at Madani Maternity Hospital, Sudan. The cases included women with severe preeclampsia (n = 56) and healthy pregnant women as controls (n = 56). The assessment of keratin and cadherin was performed using immunohistochemical staining.
RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the two groups in their mean age or parity. We found no significant differences in the expression of the markers E-cadherin, N-cadherin, or cytokeratin 18 and 19 in the placentas from individuals with preeclampsia versus controls. The number of placentas with severe preeclampsia versus controls expressing the E-cadherin, N-cadherin, cytokeratin 18, and cytokeratin 19 markers was 46 (82.1%) versus 46 (82.1%) (p = 0.988), 54 (96.4%) versus 48 (85.7%) (p = 0.121), 4 (7.1%) versus 0 (0%) (p = 0.126), and 11 (19.6%) versus 11 (19.6%) (p = 0.532), respectively. There was also no significant difference in the intensity of staining of these four markers (Ecadherin, N-cadherin, and cytokeratin 18 and 19) between severe preeclampsia and control placentas.
CONCLUSION: Together, these results indicate that in this setting, the expression of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, CK18, and CK19 is not associated with severe preeclampsia.
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Modawe, GadAllah, Esra Awad Mohamed, Ozaz Yagoup Mohamed, AbdelrahmanEldaw Mohammed, Hiba Awadelkareem Osman Fadl, and Abdelrahman Hamza Abdelmoneim. "Evaluation of Prothrombin Time,International Normalized Ratio, and Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time in Hepatitis B Virus Patients, Sudan2020 -2021." Al Mustansiriyah Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 24, no. 1 (January 14, 2024): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.32947/ajps.v24i1.977.
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Background: Hepatitis B virus is a growing problem worldwide leading to increasing incidences of life-threatening complications of which liver diseases play a major part of it. Materials and Methods: To evaluate these effects in Sudanese patients, a cross-sectional study was carried out in Wad Medani teaching hospital from October 2020 to February 2021 for assessing the effect of the disease on the coagulation profile. Patients were randomly selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. 2.5ml of blood samples were collected from each patient in tri-sodium citrate containers, and then semi-automated Coatron M4 was used to estimate Prothrombin Time (PT) and Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) after calibrated and controlled setting according to the manufacturer’s instructions. SPSS (version 25) was used to analysed data. Results: A total of 100 hepatitis B virus patients were included in the study, with males representing (79%) and females were (21%), their age were between 18 to 60 years. The study results showed PT prolonged in (98%) of the study population and only (2%) were normal. regarding the APTT (99%) of them had prolonged results (more than the upper normal), and the remaining (1%) was normal. Also, the study results showed there were slight statistically insignificant differences in coagulation profile in hepatitis B virus patients according to gender, age group, family history, and duration of the disease. Conclusion: hepatitis B infection had a great effect on Coagulation profiles. Therefore, it is recommended on the basis of these results to request PT, INR, and APTT as routine works up for hepatitis B virus patients.
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Alkinain, Ashraf M. A., Kamal Eldin Ahmed Abdelsalam, and Mutaz Ibrahim Hassan. "Role of Roof plate-specific SPONDIN3 Mutation in the Determination of Obesity Phenotypes/Fat Distribution and Susceptibility to Cardiovascular disease in Sudanese Patients in Khartoum State." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 9, no. 2 (March 15, 2019): 118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i2.2535.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Obesity is a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease. A growing database of clinical evidence implicates intra-abdominal adiposity as a powerful driving force for elevated cardiometabolic risk (1). Addressing intra-abdominal adiposity should play a central role in future strategies aimed at improving cardiovascular outcomes in patients with abdominal obesity and its associated cardiometabolic risk in Sudan.
Objectives: It is to find the mutation in R-SPONDIN3gene and its association to both of fat deposition around the abdomen and susceptibility to cardiovascular disease in Sudanese patients in Khartoum State.
Material and methods: Conventional PCR was done to detect R- SPONDIN3 in 300 participants (males and females) classified into three groups. The first group will include one hundred participants with abdominal obesity, the second group will include one hundred participants already diagnosed with CVD entangled with obesity (positive control group), while the third group will include one hundred healthy lean volunteers (negative control group). Data was analyzed using SPSS Version 22 software. P value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
Results: In this study, the results of Conventional PCR were significantly different in (P <0.001) in Heart group subjects as compared to healthy controls and obese group. Comparison between the different studied groups according to gene expression showed significant differences (P <0.001) mean value of gene expression in healthy group subjects was 1.0 ± 0.0, Obesity group was 2.44 ± 0.50 and heart group subjects was 4.54 ± 0.87 respectively .
Conclusion: clinically, detect R- SPONDIN3 mutation in patients with diagnosed with CVD entangled with obesity and amount of the gene expressed cleared different between obese and CVD subjects entangled with obesity.
Keywords: R-SPONDIN3 gene, abdominal Obesity, CVD.
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Tadesse, Tesfaye, Ebisa Turi, Desalegn Wirtu, Haile Bikila, and Lemessa Assefa. "Determinants of wasting among South Sudanese 6- to 59-month-old children in Okugo refugee camp, Gambella Region, South-Western Ethiopia: Unmatched case–control study." SAGE Open Medicine 10 (January 2022): 205031212110707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20503121211070727.
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Introduction: Wasting among refugee children continues to be a serious public health problem particularly in conflict and in situations when people are displaced. Evidence of risk factors in the refugee context is crucial to successfully prevent malnutrition and its consequences. However, little information is known about the determinants of wasting in a refugee setting. Hence, this study was aimed to identify determinants of wasting among South Sudanese 6- to 59-month-old children in Okugo refugee camp, South-Western Ethiopia. Methods: Institutional-based unmatched case–control study was conducted on 99 acute malnutrition children (cases) and 297 children who are not malnourished (control) from 6 April to 2 May 2019. The study participant was selected by systematic random sampling and data on exposure variables were collected by face-to-face interview using a structured questionnaire. Data were entered into Epi data version 3.1 and was exported to SPSS version 25 for further analysis. Descriptive, bivariable, and multivariable analyses were done to compute summary statistics and to identify determinants of wasting. Result: The mean age of the cases and controls with standard deviation (SD) was 13.8 (±6.9) and 19.2 (±8.7) months, respectively. Multi-variable analysis revealed that mothers who were unable to read and write (adjusted odds ratio = 3.26, 95% confidence interval (1.07–7.93)), fathers only decision-maker to use donations items in the household (adjusted odds ratio = 3.75, 95% confidence interval (1.28–10.85)), not used all donated refugee food and non-food items (adjusted odds ratio = 2.57; 95% confidence interval (1.17–5.66)), the incidence of diarrhea 2 weeks preceding the survey (adjusted odds ratio = 5.28, 95% confidence interval (2.31–12.04)), and mother’s smoking habit (adjusted odds ratio = 2.98, 95% confidence interval (1.19–7.44)) were significant determinants of wasting. Conclusion: The finding shows that mothers who are unable to read and write, father only decision-maker, parents’ smoking habit, not using all donated refugee food items, and diarrheal disease were found to be independent determinants of wasting. Hence, interventions on acute malnutrition which are focused on empowering women through training and strengthening their control over the household assets, proper utilization of donated food, and non-food items will play a paramount role.