Relevant bibliographies by topics / Sudanese Health and hygiene

Academic literature on the topic 'Sudanese Health and hygiene'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Sudanese Health and hygiene"

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Nasir, Elwalid Fadul, Ahmed Khalid Elhag, and Hatim Mohammed Almahdi. "COVID-19 Perceptions: Applying the Health Belief Model." SciMedicine Journal 3, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 325–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/scimedj-2021-0304-4.

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This study aimed to explore the Sudanese COVID-19-related perceptions on preventive measures using the Health Belief Model, a psychosocial frame that explains and predicts health-related behaviours. A cross-sectional using an online-questionnaire through social media platforms, or channels. A snowball sampling technique was used. Descriptive analyses using frequencies and percentages for categorical variables, mean (±SD) for numerical variables. Bivariate relationships between the variables were assessed using a t-test. We conducted multiple variable analysis using the correlation between HBM constructs. Eight hundred seventy-seven participants with a mean age 37.8 (SD±11.94), primarily males, had a university education, employed and residing in Khartoum. Scores of 69% self-efficacy prevent COVID-19, 60% perceived severity if infected with COVID-19, 54% perceived susceptibility to COVID-19. Furthermore, high scores reported for hand hygiene barriers 50 and 53% social distancing. Self-efficacy correlated negatively with susceptibility (r=-0.084), positively with severity, benefits of and barriers to hand hygiene, benefits and barriers to social distancing (r=0.117, r=0.347, r=0.202, r=0.396, r=0.276), respectively. The lack of self-efficacy and low perception of severity and susceptibility, and increased perception of barriers to social distancing and hand hygiene among a considerable portion of the public hindered the compliance with the preventive measures. Doi: 10.28991/SciMedJ-2021-0304-4 Full Text: PDF
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Namara, Frank, Hilbert Mendoza, Gloria Tumukunde, and Solomon Tsebeni Wafula. "Access to Functional Handwashing Facilities and Associated Factors among South Sudanese Refugees in Rhino Camp Settlement, Northwestern Uganda." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2020 (March 30, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3089063.

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Background. Hand hygiene in refugee camp settlements remains an important measure against diarrhoeal infections. Refugee settings are characterised by overcrowding and inadequate access to water and hygiene facilities which favour proliferation of faecal-oral diseases. Handwashing with soap and water is therefore an effective way of preventing such diseases. Despite this knowledge, there is limited information about access to functional handwashing facilities in these settings and associated factors in Uganda. Methods. Quantitative data were collected from 312 refugee households in Rhino Camp Settlement, Northwestern Uganda, using a semistructured interviewer-administered questionnaire. A modified Poisson regression was used to obtain prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the determinants of access to a functional handwashing facility among refugee households. All analyses were performed using STATA 14.0 statistical software. Results. Of the 312 households, 123 (39.4%) had access to a handwashing facility, but only 72 (23.1%) of households had handwashing facilities that were functional. Duration of stay in the camp exceeding 3 years (adjusted PR = 2.63; 95% CI (1.73–4.00)) and history of receiving home-based education on hand hygiene (adjusted PR = 9.44; 95% CI (1.40–63.86)) were independent predictors of access to a functional handwashing facility. Conclusion. Access to functional handwashing facilities among the refugee households was low. Our findings highlight the need for more and continued handwashing promotional programs, most especially among newly arrived refugees in the camp.
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Andrew, Amegovu K. "Microbiological Safety Levels of South Sudanese Bank Notes in Circulation at University of Juba Food Restaurants." Journal of Food Research 5, no. 3 (May 16, 2016): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v5n3p29.

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Food borne infections arise from either a host of bacteria, viruses and parasites originating in food or pathogens introduced through cross contamination. This study assessed the potential microbiological cross contamination risk posed by South Sudanese Pounds in circulation at University of Juba food restaurants by examining the level of microorganisms on banknotes. Bacterial contamination on the South Sudanese Pounds in circulation at University of Juba were determined using currencies collected from five different food serving points coded A,B,C, D and E respectively. From each food serving points, five samples of banknotes 5, 10and 25 South Sudanese Pounds denominations were randomly selected and their surface bacterial content enumerated. High and varying proportions of Total Coli forms (TC), Escherichia coli (<em>E. Coli</em>) and Staphylococcus aureus (<em>S. aureus</em>) were detected. Findings revealed a significant correlation between microbial levels and the denominations of the bank notes, with the smallest having the highest levels of microorganisms per square centimeter. However, there was no specific pattern in contamination levels between banknotes obtained from the different food points. Another factor that influenced the level of contamination was period the banknotes took in circulation with the older notes having higher levels of microorganisms. High levels of microorganisms on banknotes coupled with unhygienic food handling practices predisposes consumers to health risks. Strategies to reduce the risk of transmission of pathogens from the South Sudanese Pounds with specific emphasis on awareness programs and improvement in food hygiene &amp; handling practices through physical contact between food and money in restaurants at University of Juba were mentioned in order to reduce risk of food borne illness or otherwise potentially lethal outbreak of food borne diseases.
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Seid Ahmed, Tyseer Elmekki, and Amal Abuaffan. "Correlation between Body Mass Index and Dental Caries among a sample of Sudanese Children." Brazilian Dental Science 18, no. 3 (September 21, 2015): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/bds.2015.v18i3.1149.

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<p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Obesity and dental caries have a serious impact on a child’s health; they can be potentially prevented by increasing the knowledge and awareness of proper oral hygiene practice in addition to healthy food consumption. <strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the correlation between body mass index and dental caries of a sample of 6-11 year old Sudanese children. <strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>A<strong> </strong>Cross sectional school based study was conducted. A total of 360 children (50% boys, 50% girls) were examined for body mass index and dental caries prevalence. Physical examination was done by recording the child’s height and weight to calculate the body mass index. Dental caries index was carried out following the WHO criteria. <strong>Results:</strong> The most prevalent body weight category was normal weight (60.6%) in both genders followed by the underweight group (28.3%), the overweight group (6.4%), and the obese group (4.7%). Boys exhibited a higher prevalence in the underweight category than girls, while overweight was more prevalent in girls (8.3%) than boys (4.4%). The mean dft for primary teeth was 4.68 in both genders and the mean DMFT for permanent teeth was 2.52 and 1.88 for girls and boys respectively. There was a negative correlation between dft and body weight category. No correlation between body weight category and DMFT was found. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>No correlation between dental caries and age-specific body weight category was found in permanent teeth while in primary teeth the underweight category was more related to the presence of dental caries than the other body weight categories.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Key words: </strong>body mass index, normal weight, overweight, obesity, dental caries</p><p><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;"> </span></strong></p>
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Gamar, Tarig A., Hassan H. Musa, Hisham N. Altayb, Mogeeb Kabbashi, Yassen Alsayed, and Adam D. Abakar. "Prevalence of intestinal parasites among food handlers attending public health laboratories in Khartoum State, Sudan." F1000Research 7 (June 1, 2018): 687. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.14681.1.

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Background: Infections by intestinal pathogens especially protozoans and helminths are considered to pose a real health problem, particularly in the tropics. They cause considerable morbidity and mortality rates in developing countries. The high prevalence of these infections is closely correlated with poverty, poor environmental hygiene, and impoverished health services. This study aimed to detect prevalence and frequency of parasitic infections among food handlers in Khartoum Sudan. Methods: Three hundred and fifty Food-handlers, attending public health laboratories in Khartoum, Sudan, for an annual medical check-up, were screened for intestinal parasites by four laboratory techniques viz. direct faecal examination, formal-ether concentration, Baermann technique and agar culture method. Results: The infection rate was 23.7% by Formol-Ether Concentration technique, followed by direct saline stool preparation (7.1%). Out of 83 positive samples the infection rate among different nationalities was as follows: Sudanese 68 (81.9%), Ethiopians 13 (15.7%), Syrians 2 (2.4%) and Egyptians 0 (0%). Intestinal parasites were more prevalent among males (73; 25.1%) than female food handlers (10; 16.9%). Three protozoans, nematodes, two tap worms and one trematode worm were detected among infected population: their frequency were as follows: Entamoeba histolytica (7.4%), Entamoeba coli (6.86%), Giardia lamblia (6%), Schistosoma mansoni (1.40%), Necator americanus (1.43%), Hymenolepis nana (0.68%), Strongyloides stercoralis (0.68%), Taenia saginata (0.57%), Ascaris lumbricoides (0.57%) and Trichostrongylus species (0.29%). Conclusion: The overall prevalence of protozoan infections among food handler in Khartoum state, Sudan was 20.26% while the helminthic infections was 5.97%. Formol-ether concentration technique is better for detection of intestinal parasites than the direct faecal smear technique. Likewise, Barmann’s technique confirms detection of nematodes worms especially hookworms.
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Ibrahim, Rugaia Eltayeb Hag Maki, Maha O. Helaly, and Ehab Mohamed Abdelhlim Ahmed. "Assessment of Brushing Techniques in School Children and Its Association with Dental Caries, Omdurman, 2019." International Journal of Dentistry 2021 (January 22, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4383418.

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Background. Dental caries are a common infectious disease of childhood. It is a highly prevalent disease among children. Aim. The goal of this study was to assess the different brushing techniques used by school children and to identify if there is an association between brushing techniques and dental caries. Materials and Methods. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 396 school children (9–12 years old) chosen by convenience sampling technique from schools located in Omdurman locality, Sudan. After consent was taken, students were asked in an interview-based questionnaire about their brushing habits. Consequently, they were examined in an upright position using a sterile mouth mirror and a probe. The examination was carried out by a single examiner to investigate the presence of dental caries. The diagnosis was done based on the World Health Organization diagnostic criteria 2013. The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics and comparison between values using the chi-square test with a P value <0.05. Results. The present study found that the prevalence of dental caries is 70.9%. The combined brushing technique was the most used technique (42.9%). There was no statistical significance between brushing techniques and dental caries ( P value ≤0.330). There was a statistical significance between the periodic change of the toothbrush and dental caries ( P value ≤0.001). There was statistical significance between the level of education of the mother ( P value ≤0.001) and father ( P value ≤0.012) to the brushing technique used by the child as well. Conclusion. Due to a lack of awareness consequent of lower socioeconomic status, only a few percentage of the Sudanese population knows how to implement the correct oral hygiene practices to combat dental caries. It is important to design a specific public health program that particularly targets families of low socioeconomic status, which represents the majority. Dental caries persist as a widespread condition in Sudan as a result of a deficit in these kinds of programs.
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Santona, Antonella, Najwa A. Mhmoud, Emmanuel Edwar Siddig, Massimo Deligios, Maura Fiamma, Bianca Paglietti, Sahar Mubarak Bakhiet, Salvatore Rubino, and Ahmed Hassan Fahal. "Metagenomic detection of eumycetoma causative agents from households of patients residing in two Sudanese endemic villages in White Nile State." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 16, no. 8 (August 30, 2022): e0010385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010385.

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Eumycetoma is a chronic debilitating fungal disease endemic to tropical and subtropical regions, with Sudan featuring the highest eumycetoma incidence. Among the 50 species of fungi most commonly associated with eumycetoma Madurella mycetomatis (M. mycetomatis) is often referenced as the most common pathogen. However, there is an enormous knowledge gap related to this neglected disease and its pathogenesis, epidemiological features, and host-specific factors that could contribute to either the host susceptibility and resistance. In this study, we were able to utilize a metagenomic approach and samples collected from clinical black grains (BG) and familiar household environments aimed to assay both the habitat of eumycetoma-associated fungi and its possible connection with eumycetoma patients living in two different eumycetoma endemic villages within the White Nile State of Sudan. DNA sequencing targeting the fungal ITS2 domain was performed on soil, animal dung, housing walls and roofs, and Acacia-species thorn samples and compared with culture-dependent methods of fungal isolation. Additionally, we compared the soil samples obtained in the endemic zone with that from non-endemic zones, including Wagga village in Kassala State and Port Sudan suburb in Port Sudan State. Overall, a total of 392 Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs) were detected by ITS2 metagenomics Eumycetoma causative organisms accounted for 10% of total ASVs which included 11 genera: Exserohilum (2%), Aspergillus (1.7%), Curvularia (1%), Alternaria (0.9%), Madurella (0.5%), Fusarium (0.4%), Cladosporium (0.2%) Exophiala (0.15%), and, in a lesser extent, Microascus (0.05%) Bipolaris and Acremonium (0.01%) for each. Only five genera were identified by culture method, which included Fusarium (29%), Aspergillus (28%), Alternaria (2.5%), Bipolaris (1.6%), and Chaetomium (0.8%). M. mycetomatis was detected within all the studied patients’ houses, accounting for 0.7% of total sequences. It was the first common eumycetoma-associated agent detected in soil samples and the third common in the dung and wall samples. In contrast, it was not detected in the roof or thorn samples nor in the soils from non-endemic regions. Exserohilum rostratum, Aspergillus spp and Cladosporium spp were detected in all samples. M. mycetomatis and other eumycetoma-associated fungal identified in the patients’ black grains (BG) samples by metagenomics were identified in the environmental samples. Only Acremonium alternatum and Falciformispora senegalensis, responsible for eumycetoma in two patients were not detected, suggesting the infections in these patients happened outside these endemic areas. The soil, animal dung, and houses built from the same soil and dung are the main risk factors for M. mycetomatis infection in these endemic villages. Furthermore, the poor hygienic and environmental conditions, walking barefooted, and the presence of animals within the houses increase the risk of M. mycetomatis and other fungi causing eumycetoma.
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Hamid, Rania Mohammed Osman, and Sumia Mohammed Ahmed Khalil. "Assessment of Hygiene Conditions in Sudanese Airlines Catering at Khartoum International Airport." Journal of Food Research 7, no. 4 (July 10, 2018): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v7n4p149.

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Background: Food safety has been recognized as a matter of importance to the airlines industry and airports must have the capacity to ensure a safe environment for passengers using point of entry facilities, including flight catering and other potential risks. The risk of food getting contaminated depends largely on the knowledge and practice of proper food hygiene measures among food handlers. The study aimed to assess the hygiene conditions in airlines catering services units at Khartoum Airport; to evaluate the level of knowledge and practice of food handlers towards food hygiene in addition to identify the microbial load on food handler’s hands.Methodology: Four airlines catering services units at Khartoum International Airport were studied. The data were collected by using structured questionnaire to assess food handler's knowledge onfood hygiene and their practices including 100 samples (56 samples from catering 1, 22 catering 2, 12 catering 3 and 10 samples from catering 4). Observational check list was used to assess the physical characteristics and hygienic situation in airlines catering premises and food handlers. Microbiological examinations used for Total Plate Count (TPC), isolate and identification Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and salmonella. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (version 16.0).Results: The study showed that 56% of food handlers have higher secondary school certificate, 83% of food handlers knew causative agent of food borne disease,72% knew when washed their work surfaces and 72% knew how to care with open lesions during food handling. Analysis showed significant difference (p=0.023) between respondents’ knowledge and their educational level. More than half (58%) of food handlers did not report during illness; only 42% received training in food hygiene. seventy five percent of the catering managers were not trained on food safety management system. There was statistically significant difference between trained (professional) handlers and non-trained handlers with regard to food hygiene practices (P =0.038). Fifty percent of catering premises were in bad situation (ventilation, cleaning, lightening, pest control) and poor hand washing facilities; only 25% of these catering have quality control system. The highest bacterial count from the hands samples was 8.5x106 CFU /mland the lowest 1.2x106 CFU /ml; 54.5% of sample tested positive for E. coli; 72.7% for S. aureus and 36.6% for salmonella from food handler’s hands.Conclusion: This study revealed poor sanitary conditions in airlines catering, and poor food hygiene practices of some handlers indicating higher probability of food being contaminated before service. The occurrence of indicator microorganisms in most of the hand samples indicating a need for improvement in the environment hygiene and sanitary facilities. The study recommends hygiene education to improve the knowledge and practices of food handlers.
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Woodruff, P. W. R. "Sudanese priorities." Psychiatric Bulletin 20, no. 8 (August 1996): 503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.20.8.503.

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Saeed, Mahmoud, Saoud Sultan, and Abdelazim Ali. "The draft Mental Health Act in Sudan." International Psychiatry 11, no. 2 (May 2014): 41–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s1749367600004379.

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At a workshop in 2012 in Khartoum, attended by Sudanese psychiatrists based in both the UK and Sudan, as well as psychologists, social workers and lawyers from Sudan and elsewhere, a draft Mental Health Act for Sudan was approved; it is due to be submitted to the Sudanese Parliament. We give a summary of the draft Act and outline some of the areas that need further discussion.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sudanese Health and hygiene"

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Moukhyer, Mohamed Eisa Eltahir. "Health profile of Sudanese adolescents (Umbada adolescents health survey) /." Maastricht : Maastricht : Universiteit Maastricht ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 2005. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=6294.

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Okegbile, Elizabeth Oladayo. "South Sudanese refugee women's healthcare access and use." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3668854.

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The purpose of this study is to describe South Sudanese refugee women's perceptions of access to, use of, and their culture's influence on their access to and use of healthcare after resettling in the United States.

Background: The prolonged civil-war and famine in the African nation of Sudan has displaced millions of women and children over the last two decades. Refugee women who are resettled to the United States must make adjustments to learn how to live in American society and culture. There is little known about healthcare access and use by South Sudanese refugee women in the United States.

Conceptual Framework: The theory of Cultural Universality and Diversity was the conceptual framework guiding the study. Methods: Qualitative description method was used to describe Sudanese refugee women's perception of their access to, use of, and cultural influences on access and use of healthcare after resettling in the United States.

Results: South Sudanese refugee women's perception of accessing healthcare is understood through themes: Women's means of accessing healthcare, types of healthcare institution.

Perception of healthcare use is understood through the relationship between these themes: Care of self, concerns of the women, and the experience of using healthcare.

Perception of cultural influence on accessing and using of healthcare is understood through these themes: Coping, South Sudanese healthcare culture, and role of family.

Implications: The findings of this study may facilitate understanding healthcare access and use by refugee women. The knowledge from this study can lead to the development of culturally congruent interventions for resettled refugee women, in hopes of improving their access to and use of healthcare.

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El-Khalifa, Mofida Yousif. "Nutritional status of Sudanese adolescent girls and associated food behaviors." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282295.

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This study assesses the nutritional status of Sudanese adolescent girls and examines the determinants of this nutritional status. To represent distinctive socioeconomic classes, the sample included 767 subjects, 11-18 year-old students attending private and public schools in Khartoum (the capital). Anthropometric measurements revealed that there are no significant differences in the heights of the girls in the two schools. However, underweight is common among public school girls (25%), while overweight is common among the private school girls (23%). Questionnaire data showed that the strongest determinants of the girl's nutritional status were whether she attained menarche, her health, mother's estimated weight, whether her mother drives a car and whether her father owns a car. Prevalence of weight changing behavior was common (at the time of the study, 28% were trying to gain weight and 20% were trying to lose weight). A tendency toward normal body weight was detected. Intentions of the girls to change their weights were strongly affected by the girl's body mass index as well as her poor body image. Family influences (advice, encouragement and attempts of parents to change their own weight) were found to play a big role in the girl's decisions to change her weight. Sudanese adolescent girls from both private and public schools are concerned about their body weight. Thus, this study provides information that can be used to enhance nutrition interventions targeting Sudanese adolescent girls.
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Simeon, Ruth M. "Oral health disparities of Sudanese refugees of the Dinka and Nuer tribes." Thesis, Boston University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/12223.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Boston University
There are different levels of acculturation refugees undergo upon arrival to a foreign location, including integration. Ritualistic anterior dentition extraction is the greatest barrier to integration for the Sudanese refugees of the Dinka & Nuer tribes. Due to this barrier, oral health disparities for these refugees include malocclusion, chewing, simple biting, and speech articulation. In this study, it is concluded that most refuges could benefit from dental implants for dental restoration psychologically and emotionally. This study revisited the need for an oral hygiene program post-dental restoration to help combat oral disparities for these Sudanese refugees. Based on the literature review of the published studies, a proposed program plan was developed to fit the needs of the Dinka & Nuer Sudanese refugees.
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Abdelgadir, Muzamil H. "Testing of a new approach to community participation at the Sudanese village level." Thesis, University of Salford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305832.

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Sandberg, Paul A. "An isotopic investigation of health and illness in two skeletal populations from Kulubnarti, Sudanese Nubia." Diss., Connect to online resource, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1433487.

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Berger, Brittany. "Hand Hygiene Perceptions of Student Nurses." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/176.

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Compliance with hand hygiene is widely recognized as the most important factor in preventing transmission of infection to patients in healthcare settings (Haas and Larson, 2007). Hand hygiene dramatically decreases the potential pathogens on hands and is considered the first measure for decreasing the risk of transmitting organisms to patients, healthcare professionals, and family members. Noncompliance with hand hygiene practices has been shown to increase healthcare-associated infections, costing hospitals $35.7-$45 billion each year (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2012). Education about hand hygiene starts in school and should transfer into the real world of nursing. The purpose of this research is to determine how student nurses in a baccalaureate nursing program in northeastern Tennessee perceive hand hygiene and the importance of conducting the act of hand washing. Students who do not perceive it as important, or do not have the correct information, are unlikely to use principles of good hand hygiene in their practice. Few studies were found assessing nursing school students’ perception of the importance of hand hygiene.
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Ubah, Veronica. "Re-educating Healthcare Providers on Hand Hygiene Practice." Thesis, Walden University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10279506.

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The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and the World Health Organization (WHO) estimate that there are approximately 1.4 million cases of hospital acquired infections (HAIs) at any given time worldwide. Recent reports indicate that 722,000 patients acquire HAIs, with 75,000 or more succumbing to the infections and dying. This quality improvement project focused on the value of re-educating practicing nurses on hand hygiene practices as an approach to reduce the incidence of HAIs. Pre-intervention rates of HAIs were compared with post-intervention rates of HAIs across 2 units (Unit A and Unit B) in an acute care setting to determine if re-educating nurses about hand hygiene was a plausible strategy in reducing HAIs in the acute care setting. The pre-intervention mean rate of Unit A was 0.146% and the post-mean rate was 0.00%. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed that the educational intervention did not elicit a statistically significant change in infection rates (z = -1.63, p > 0.05). Similarly, the pre-intervention mean rate of Unit B was 0.12% and the post-mean rate was 0.00%. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed that the educational intervention did not elicit a statistically significant change in infection rates (z = 1.732, p > 0.05). Despite the lack of statistical significance, there was a reduction in the mean rate to 0.00% following the educational intervention. The results of this quality improvement project suggest a value in re-educating nurses on the importance of hand hygiene as a strategy to reduce and prevent HAIs in health care organizations in order to promote positive patient outcomes.

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Bunten, A. "The application of health psychology to public health." Thesis, City, University of London, 2017. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/20309/.

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Background: There is strong evidence linking obesity to health issues and long term conditions such as high blood pressure, type II diabetes, heart disease and some cancers (NICE, 2006). Despite this growing evidence base, the prevalence of obesity continues to rise and rates have more than doubled in England in the last 25 years (Public Health England, 2014). Currently 26% of adults are obese (Health Survey for England, 2014), and the proportion of women that are classified as overweight and obese has risen to 57% (Health Survey for England, 2014). Weight loss can reduce the risk of an individual developing these conditions and can increase their healthy life expectancy. It is estimated that approximately one in every two adults in England are actively trying to lose weight, the majority of which are over-weight or obese women (Piernas, Aveyard and Jebb, 2016). This indicates that over-weight and obese women are motivated to lose weight but are struggling to achieve or maintain a healthy weight. To-date potentially effective weight management interventions have been identified as long term multi-component interventions including diet and exercise components along with behavioural strategies. However, weight changes have been small and weight regain has been found to be very common (Loveman, Frampton, Shepherd, Picot, Cooper et al, 2011; Dombrowski, Knittle, Avenell, Araújo-Soare & Sniehotta, 2014). Despite the primary focus on weight loss being to improve health, research suggest that people’s prime motivation to lose weight is unrelated to health (Piernas, Aveyard and Jebb, 2016). Aim: This study aims to improve the understanding of the challenge of achieving and maintaining a healthy weight in overweight and obese young women. In particular, it aims to i) better understand the barriers and facilitators to achieving and maintaining a healthy weight as experienced by these young women, ii) further understand the relationships and influences of these factors, to iii) inform and develop a new theoretical framework in which to capture this social phenomena and societal challenge. Recruitment: This study recruited 14 female participants aged 18- 35 years, with a BMI over 30 (or 28 with co-morbidity), actively seeking support to lose weight. Participants were recruited through purposive sampling in two primary care practices in East London as part of the ‘Peer Support Weight Action Programme’ (SWAP). This was a Randomised Controlled Trial run by Barts Health NHS Trust and Queen Mary’s School of Medicine and Dentistry, funded by the National Institute for Health Research, Health Technology Assessment fund. Design: The research is qualitative in design utilising in-depth semi-structured interviews. Interviews took place with women recruited to take part in a weight loss programme before commencing the intervention, and follow up interviews took place approximately six months after completion of the weight management programme. Grounded Theory Analysis was used to analyse the data. Results and Findings: An overarching theoretical framework is presented from the findings of the data analysis of the pre and post weight loss attempt interviews. A new ‘Emotion and Mindset’ model is presented to explain the challenge of achieving and maintaining a healthier weight in young women. It includes the core categories of sense of self, emotion and mindset, self-efficacy, and stress and conflicting priorities and has been theoretically framed around the concept of Finding the Health Enhancing Equilibrium - maintaining a positive sense of self whilst generating action to achieve and maintain a healthy weight. It describes the balancing act required between these key contributing elements to engage in positive health behaviour which contributes to achieving and maintaining a healthy weight. Recommendations: Based on the findings from this study, and supported by previous findings (Cochrane, 2008), weight management interventions targeting young women need to build in coping strategies to support individuals cognitively, behaviourally and emotionally. These should include building self-efficacy (NOO, 2011; Ashford, Edmunds, French, 2010), sense of self and re-aligning identity (West & Brown, 2013). Individuals need to be taught how to identify, address and re-orient dysfunctional thoughts, to identify potential stressors such as triggers and environmental cues to prevent relapse. Consideration needs to be given to weight loss maintenance and ongoing tailored support. Further research is needed to identify what type and method of support is most effective and for whom.
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Said, Dina. "Effect of Hand Hygiene Procedures on Skin Biomarkers." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1146608923.

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Books on the topic "Sudanese Health and hygiene"

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Sudanese women profile and pathways to empowerment. Omdurman: Ahfad University for Women, 2008.

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Baldwin, Dorothy. Health and hygiene. Vero Beach, FL: Rourke Enterprises, 1987.

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Baldwin, Dorothy. Health and hygiene. Vero Beach, FL: Rourke Enterprises, 1987.

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Andrew, Aloof, ed. Health and hygiene. London: F. Watts, 1988.

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Health and hygiene. Hove: Wayland, 1987.

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Neil, Wilson. Health and hygiene. Dunstable: Folens, 1993.

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Hygiene. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1993.

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Nardo, Don. Hygiene. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1993.

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Hygiene. Vero Beach, FL: Rourke Publications, 1989.

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Powell, Jillian. Hygiene and your health. Austin, Tex: Raintree Steck-Vaughn, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Sudanese Health and hygiene"

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Laverack, Glenn. "Hygiene." In A–Z of Public Health, 89–91. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-42617-8_36.

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Dines, Philip L. "Sleep Hygiene." In Encyclopedia of Women’s Health, 1219–21. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-306-48113-0_407.

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Hullah, Esther A., Maud E. Nauta, and Wai Yoong. "Oral Hygiene." In Encyclopedia of Immigrant Health, 1157–60. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-5659-0_563.

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Soper, Roland. "Health and Hygiene." In Human Biology GCSE, 231–44. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12789-4_15.

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Laverack, Glenn. "Hygiene Promotion." In A–Z of Health Promotion, 97–99. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-35049-7_36.

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Moore, Tracye A. "Teledentisry and Dental Hygiene." In Health Informatics, 53–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08973-7_6.

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Basler, A. "Environment and Health." In Environmental Hygiene II, 259–62. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-46712-7_58.

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Mattson, Jennifer M. Gillis, Matthew Roth, and Melina Sevlever. "Personal Hygiene." In Evidence-Based Practices in Behavioral Health, 43–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27297-9_3.

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Bashford, Alison. "Sex: Public Health, Social Hygiene and Eugenics." In Imperial Hygiene, 164–85. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230508187_8.

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Bashford, Alison. "Smallpox: The Spaces and Subjects of Public Health." In Imperial Hygiene, 39–58. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230508187_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Sudanese Health and hygiene"

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Cowin, P. "124. Industrial Hygiene Career Development Program." In AIHce 1996 - Health Care Industries Papers. AIHA, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3320/1.2764784.

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Paik, N. "37. Practice of Industrial Hygiene in Korea." In AIHce 1996 - Health Care Industries Papers. AIHA, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3320/1.2765058.

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Nawakowski, A. "250. Industrial Hygiene Initiatives in Eastern Europe." In AIHce 1996 - Health Care Industries Papers. AIHA, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3320/1.2764919.

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Thayer, E. C., and W. S. Smith. "Industrial Hygiene Program Audit Manual." In SPE Health, Safety and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/23199-ms.

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Paltsev, Yu P., and L. V. Pokhodzey. "ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF LASER HYGIENE." In The 16th «OCCUPATION and HEALTH» Russian National Congress with International Participation (OHRNC-2021). FSBSI “IRIOH”, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/978-5-6042929-2-1-2021-1-381-384.

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Annotation. The widespread introduction of laser products in various fields of science, technology and medicine, as well as the possibility of serious damage to the organ of vision and skin during their operation, put forward new and increasingly complex tasks for laser hygiene. An analysis of the hygienic normative and methodological documents currently in force on the territory of the Russian Federation showed that they cannot fully ensure laser safety. Differences in the approaches to the hygienic standardization of laser radiation (LR), adopted in the Russian Federation and the USA and the European Union, have been established. The LR hygienic standards in GOST R IEC 60825-1-2013 are practically identical to foreign IEC 60825 standards, that is, in most spectral ranges they exceed the MPL by an order of magnitude or more (SanPiN 1.2.3685-21). The necessity of correcting the hygienic standards of LR, harmonizing the classification of lasers according to the degree of hazard, and developing effective means of control and protection was revealed. Draft documents have been developed: "Hygienic standards for laser radiation" and "Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for working conditions during the operation of laser products", the introduction of which into the practice of sanitary and epidemiological supervision will ensure the preservation of the health of workers. Key words: lasers, correction of hygienic standards, classification, methods and means of control and protection, laser safety.
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Ulven, Arne J. "Surveillance of Health, Working Environment and Industrial Hygiene." In SPE Health, Safety and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/35935-ms.

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Wardana, Khansadhia Afifah. "Human Rights Framework on Menstrual Health and Hygiene." In International Conference on Law, Economics and Health (ICLEH 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200513.029.

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Kudriavtseva, M. E. "Mental Health and Mental Hygiene: A Humanitarian Approach." In ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ НАУКИ И ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ. НИЦ «Л-Журнал», 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/lj-01-2019-22.

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Petosa, L. "102. IAQ and Mechanical Hygiene: The Nuts and Bolts." In AIHce 1996 - Health Care Industries Papers. AIHA, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3320/1.2764763.

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Esposito, P., and T. Stich. "127. Integrating Performance Measures with Industrial Hygiene Program Evaluations." In AIHce 1996 - Health Care Industries Papers. AIHA, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3320/1.2764787.

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Reports on the topic "Sudanese Health and hygiene"

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Brandt, M., J. Jackson, C. Sutcliffe, O. White, E. Premuzic, S. Morris, M. Haxhiu, A. Abazi, M. Jockic, and B. Jonuzi. Kosova coal gasification plant health effects study: Volume 2, Industrial hygiene. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5697865.

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Boyer, Renee. Enhancing The Safety of Locally Grown Produce: Farm Worker Hygiene, Health and Training. Blacksburg, VA: Virginia Cooperative Extension, August 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21061/fst-40np_fst-337np.

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Barasa, Violet, and Linda Waldman. Exploring the Intersection of Sanitation, Hygiene, Water, and Health in Pastoralist Communities in Northern Tanzania. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.004.

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This paper explores access to water, sanitation, and health in pastoral communities in northern Tanzania. It argues that the concept of gender, used on its own, is not enough to understand the complexities of sanitation, hygiene, water, and health. It explores pastoralists’ views and perspectives on what is ‘clean’, ‘safe’, and ‘healthy’, and their need to access water and create sanitary arrangements that work for them, given the absence of state provision of modern water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) infrastructure. Although Tanzania is committed to enhancing its citizens’ access to WASH services, pastoral sanitation and hygiene tend to be overlooked and little attention is paid to complex ways in which access to ‘clean’ water and ‘adequate sanitation’ is structured in these communities. This paper offers an intersectional analysis of water and sanitation needs, showing how structural discrimination in the form of a lack of appropriate infrastructure, a range of sociocultural norms and values, and individual stratifiers interact to influence the sanitation and health needs of pastoralist men, women, boys, and girls.
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Woolley, Julian, Tatjana Gibbons, Kajal Patel, and Roberto Sacco. Does oil pulling with coconut oil improve oral health and dental hygiene? A protocol of a systematic review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, June 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2020.6.0084.

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Ciapponi, Agustín, and Sebastián García Martí. Are interventions to increase hand hygiene among healthcare workers effective? SUPPORT, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.30846/1608107.

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Healthcare-associated infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality, and constitute a significant burden on health systems. Hand hygiene is regarded as an effective preventive measure but the frequency of hand hygiene by healthcare workers is low.
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Robinson, Andy. Monitoring and Evaluation for Rural Sanitation and Hygiene: Framework. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/slh.2021.027.

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The monitoring and evaluation (M&E) Guidelines and Framework presented in this document (and in the accompanying M&E Indicator Framework) aim to encourage stakeholders in the rural sanitation and hygiene sector to take a more comprehensive, comparable and people focused approach to monitoring and evaluation. Many M&E frameworks currently reflect the interests and ambitions of particular implementing agencies – that is, community-led total sanitation (CLTS) interventions focused on open-defecation free (ODF) outcomes in triggered communities; market-based sanitation interventions focused on the number of products sold and whether sanitation businesses were profitable; and sanitation finance interventions reporting the number of facilities built using financial support. Few M&E frameworks have been designed to examine the overall sanitation and hygiene situation – to assess how interventions have affected sanitation and hygiene outcomes across an entire area (rather than just in specific target communities); to look at who (from the overall population) benefitted from the intervention, and who did not; to report on the level and quality of service used; or examine whether public health has improved. Since 2015, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have extended and deepened the international monitoring requirements for sanitation and hygiene. The 2030 SDG sanitation target 6.2 includes requirements to: • Achieve access to adequate sanitation and hygiene for all • Achieve access to equitable sanitation and hygiene for all • End open defecation • Pay special attention to the needs of women and girls • Pay special attention to those in vulnerable situations The 2030 SDG sanitation target calls for universal use of basic sanitation services, and for the elimination of open defecation, both of which require M&E systems that cover entire administration areas (i.e. every person and community within a district) and which are able to identify people and groups that lack services, or continue unsafe practices. Fortunately, the SDG requirements are well aligned with the sector trend towards system strengthening, in recognition that governments are responsible both for the provision of sustainable services and for monitoring the achievement of sustained outcomes. This document provides guidelines on the monitoring and evaluation of rural sanitation and hygiene, and presents an M&E framework that outlines core elements and features for reporting on progress towards the 2030 SDG sanitation target (and related national goals and targets for rural sanitation and hygiene), while also encouraging learning and accountability. Given wide variations in the ambition, capacity and resources available for monitoring and evaluation, it is apparent that not all of the M&E processes and indicators described will be appropriate for all stakeholders. The intention is to provide guidelines and details on useful and progressive approaches to monitoring rural sanitation and hygiene, from which a range of rural sanitation and hygiene duty bearers and practitioners – including governments, implementation agencies, development partners and service providers – can select and use those most appropriate to their needs. Eventually, it is hoped that all of the more progressive M&E elements and features will become standard, and be incorporated in all sector monitoring systems.
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Robinson, Andy. Monitoring and Evaluation for Rural Sanitation and Hygiene: Framework. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/slh.2021.025.

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The monitoring and evaluation (M&E) Guidelines and Framework presented in this document (and in the accompanying M&E Indicator Framework) aim to encourage stakeholders in the rural sanitation and hygiene sector to take a more comprehensive, comparable and people focused approach to monitoring and evaluation. Many M&E frameworks currently reflect the interests and ambitions of particular implementing agencies – that is, community-led total sanitation (CLTS) interventions focused on open-defecation free (ODF) outcomes in triggered communities; market-based sanitation interventions focused on the number of products sold and whether sanitation businesses were profitable; and sanitation finance interventions reporting the number of facilities built using financial support. Few M&E frameworks have been designed to examine the overall sanitation and hygiene situation – to assess how interventions have affected sanitation and hygiene outcomes across an entire area (rather than just in specific target communities); to look at who (from the overall population) benefitted from the intervention, and who did not; to report on the level and quality of service used; or examine whether public health has improved. Since 2015, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have extended and deepened the international monitoring requirements for sanitation and hygiene. The 2030 SDG sanitation target 6.2 includes requirements to: • Achieve access to adequate sanitation and hygiene for all • Achieve access to equitable sanitation and hygiene for all • End open defecation • Pay special attention to the needs of women and girls • Pay special attention to those in vulnerable situations The 2030 SDG sanitation target calls for universal use of basic sanitation services, and for the elimination of open defecation, both of which require M&E systems that cover entire administration areas (i.e. every person and community within a district) and which are able to identify people and groups that lack services, or continue unsafe practices. Fortunately, the SDG requirements are well aligned with the sector trend towards system strengthening, in recognition that governments are responsible both for the provision of sustainable services and for monitoring the achievement of sustained outcomes. This document provides guidelines on the monitoring and evaluation of rural sanitation and hygiene, and presents an M&E framework that outlines core elements and features for reporting on progress towards the 2030 SDG sanitation target (and related national goals and targets for rural sanitation and hygiene), while also encouraging learning and accountability. Given wide variations in the ambition, capacity and resources available for monitoring and evaluation, it is apparent that not all of the M&E processes and indicators described will be appropriate for all stakeholders. The intention is to provide guidelines and details on useful and progressive approaches to monitoring rural sanitation and hygiene, from which a range of rural sanitation and hygiene duty bearers and practitioners – including governments, implementation agencies, development partners and service providers – can select and use those most appropriate to their needs. Eventually, it is hoped that all of the more progressive M&E elements and features will become standard, and be incorporated in all sector monitoring systems.
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Kozhevnikova, O. A. ELECTRONIC COLLECTION OF TEST TASKS FOR THE COURSE "FUNDAMENTALS OF PEDIATRICS AND HYGIENE" : A BANK OF QUESTIONS. SIB-Expertise, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/er0530.21012022.

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The test tasks are compiled in accordance with the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard in the direction of "Psychological and pedagogical education" and are designed to control the formation of the following universal general professional and professional competencies: OPK-1 (Able to carry out professional activities in accordance with regulatory legal acts in the field of education and professional ethics) and PC-6 (Capable of ensuring the protection of the life and health of students). Indicators of competence achievement are knowledge of the priority directions of the development of the education system of the Russian Federation, laws and other regulatory legal acts regulating activities in the field of education in the Russian Federation, legislative documents on the rights of the child, the Convention on the Rights of the Child; knowledge of methods and methods of ensuring the safety of students in dangerous situations; ability to apply basic regulatory legal acts in the field of education and professional ethics; the ability to analyze and assess the degree of danger in various situations, the ability to provide conditions for a safe and comfortable educational environment that contributes to the preservation of life and health of students.
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Tolani, Foyeke, Betty Ojeni, Johnson Mubatsi, Jamae Fontain Morris, and M. D'Amico. Evaluating Two Novel Handwashing Hardware and Software Solutions in Kyaka II Refugee Settlement, Uganda. Oxfam, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2020.6898.

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The Promotion and Practice Handwashing Kit (PPHWK), a robust, user-friendly handwashing station, and Mum’s Magic Hands (MMH), a creative hygiene promotion strategy, were evaluated in a clustered randomized controlled trial in Kyaka II refugee settlement in Uganda. The trial evaluated whether their provision increased handwashing with soap practice among residents, with a focus on three community intervention arms and two school-based intervention arms. The findings outlined in this report suggest that exposure to both the PPHWK and MMH increased hygiene knowledge and handwashing behaviour with soap, and improved health outcomes. Intervention households also preferred the PPHWK over existing handwashing stations, typically a basic bucket with a tap.
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Connors, Caitlin, Laura Malan, Murel Esposito, Claire Madden, Nefeli Trikka, Mel Cohen, Faun Rothery, et al. UK Public’s Interests, Needs and Concerns Around Food. Food Standards Agency, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.ihw534.

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This qualitative and quantitative research explored UK consumer views and priorities in relation to our responsibilities around food hygiene and safety, but also around wider interests the public see critical in shaping their food choices and lives including: health and nutrition environment and ethics price quality and convenience consumer versus business power potential food futures The top priorities for consumers, and where they would like action taken on their behalf, are around ensuring: hygiene and safety standards are maintained or strengthened equitable access to safe, healthy, affordable food easy informed decision making trustworthy food information In the context of the UK, they would like to ensure farmers and UK agriculture are protected and that locally produced food is accessible. In the wider context of the system, consumers would like action on animal welfare and waste (food and packaging), and in the long term a steer towards fair, ethical and sustainable food systems.
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