Academic literature on the topic 'Sudan (2004)'

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Journal articles on the topic "Sudan (2004)"

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Elsinnari, Adil M. A., Fathi M. M. Saeed, and Hanadi Hassan Mahgoub Badi. "Evaluation of the Demographic Situation in Sudan During 2000 and 2004 Using GIS Techniques." FES Journal of Engineering Sciences 4, no. 1 (December 6, 2009): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.52981/fjes.v4i1.42.

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The study focused on applying GIS technology to investigate the demographic situation in Sudan during year 2000 and 2004. This includes investigations of the basic environmental indicators and their impacts on population distribution in Sudan at that period. Sudan political map and other thematic maps of the country (produced in 2000 by the UN) together with the population sheets issued for Sudan by UN in 2000, 2001, 2002 and 2004 were used to generate a GIS model for the study area. Based on this model the main demographic indicators were spatially and statistically analyzed. A projected decline in demographic status was remarked. During 2000 and 2004 Sudan was suffering from a general to severe degradation in population activity. This was found to be true in all demographic indicators evaluated in this study. Severe degradation rates were remarked for indicators associated with sex and age. For example a great degradation in sex ratio was taken place in most of the states of the country (in the range of 6.12%. to 73.19%). This degradation reflects a critical situation, where the structure of these indicators can have considerable impacts on the population's social and economic situation, both present in the future. The study also concluded that the population distribution was found to be affected by the average annual rainfall, agricultural activities and geological structures.
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Garfield, Richard, and Jonny Polonsky. "Changes in Mortality Rates and Humanitarian Conditions in Darfur, Sudan 2003–2007." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 25, no. 6 (December 2010): 496–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00008669.

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AbstractThe Darfur region of Sudan has been an intense focus of humanitarian concern since rebellions began there early in 2003. In 2004, the US Secretary of State declared that conflict in Darfur represented genocide. Since 2003, many sample surveys and various mortality estimates for Darfur have been made. Nonetheless, confusion and controversy surrounding mortality levels and trends have continued. For this project, results were reviewed from the highest quality field surveys on mortality in Darfur conducted between 2003 and 2008. Trend analysis demonstrated a dramatic decline in mortality over time in Darfur. By 2005, mortality levels had fallen below emergency levels and have continued to decline. Deaths directly due violence have declined as a proportion of all of the deaths in Darfur. Declining mortality in Darfur was not associated with other proximate improvements in well-being, such as improved nutrition. Without large-scale, humanitarian intervention, continuing high rates of mortality due to violence likely would have occurred. If mortality had continued at the high rate documented in 2004, by January 2009, there would have been 330,000 additional deaths. With the humanitarian assistance provided through the United Nations and non-governmental organizations, these people are alive today. A focus on excess deaths among non-combatants may draw attention away from other needs, such as establishing better security, improving service delivery to the displaced, and advocating for internally displaced persons to be reached today and to re-establish their lives and livelihoods tomorrow.
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Coronado, F. "Retrospective Measles Outbreak Investigation: Sudan, 2004." Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 52, no. 5 (January 9, 2006): 329–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tropej/fml026.

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Gruenbaum, Ellen. "Feminist Activism for the Abolition of FGC in Sudan." Journal of Middle East Women's Studies 1, no. 2 (2005): 89–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/15525864-2005-2004.

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Alansari, Bader M. "GENDER DIFFERENCES IN ANXIETY AMONG UNDERGRADUATES FROM SIXTEEN ISLAMIC COUNTRIES." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 34, no. 6 (January 1, 2006): 651–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2006.34.6.651.

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This study investigated gender differences in anxiety among volunteer undergraduates recruited from sixteen Islamic countries; Algiers, Egypt, Emirates, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Morocco, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria and Yemen (N= 7,506). The Kuwait University Anxiety Scale (Abdel-Khalek, 2000, 2002, 2003, 2004) was used in its Arabic form for all groups except the Pakistan group, for which the English version of KUAS was used. There are significant gender differences in 11 Islamic countries out of 16 in which females tended to be higher on the anxiety scale: Egypt, Iraq, Morocco, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Lebanon, Pakistan, Algiers, Yemen and Syria, while there was no significant difference in anxiety between the genders in the following five countries: Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Sudan, Emirates and Palestine. The salient gender differences were interpreted in the light of a socialization process; especially sex-typing and gender roles.
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Afifi, S., M. S. Karsany, M. Wasfy, G. Pimentel, A. Marfin, and R. Hajjeh. "Laboratory-based surveillance for patients with acute meningitis in Sudan, 2004–2005." European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases 28, no. 5 (November 12, 2008): 429–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10096-008-0643-y.

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International Monetary Fund. "Sudan: Midyear Review of the 2004 Staff-Monitored Program." IMF Staff Country Reports 05, no. 184 (2005): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451833751.002.

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Alone, Massimo. "Ascesa e Declino Dell'islam Radicale in Sudan (1989-2004)." Oriente Moderno 85, no. 2-3 (August 12, 2005): 227–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22138617-0850203002.

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Yousif Malik, Amir Abdullahi, and Elamin Mohamed Elamin. "ACTION THRESHOLD LEVELS OF HELICOVERPA ARMIGERA (HBN.) ON COTTON AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF PLANT GROWTH." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 6, no. 3 (March 31, 2018): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v6.i3.2018.1496.

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The African bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hbn.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is the most important cotton pest in all the cotton growing areas of the Sudan and most of the protection measures are directed for its management. The previous action threshold level for chemical control interference was increased in 1993 from 10 larvae and/or eggs /100 plants to 30 eggs or 10 larvae/100 plants and no spray to be conducted before flowering advances. This level was being subject to revision since 1999. Studies conducted at the Gezira Research Farm during 2001/2002, 2002/2003, 2003/2004, 2004/2005 and 2012/2013 were carried out on this regard at growth stages of cotton plants, i.e. Pre-flowering, flowering and bolls formation stages and the consequence on yield. Barac. (67) B cultivar, Gossypium hirsutum, was used. The action threshold levels were 10, 15, 20 eggs and/or larvae/100 plants and 30 eggs or 10 larvae/100 plants, in addition to untreated and Helicoverpa infestation free as control treatments. The results of damage on fruiting bodies (squares, flowers and bolls) and seed cotton yield showed that there were no significant differences between the tested action threshold levels in the pre-flowering and the flowering stages of cotton growth as compared to the control treatments. From the yields and number of sprays in the treatments it can be concluded that the already recommended action threshold 30 eggs or 10 larvae/100 plants is still be applied when flowering advances and bolls formed. Moreover, the standing action threshold seems lower than the actual level. Therefore, it is suggested to investigate higher action threshold than that in current use.
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Gebrekidan, Getachew Zeru. "Tribal Conflict over Natural Resources on the Sudan – South Sudan Border: The Case of the Abyei Territory." Acta Humana 9, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 29–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.32566/ah.2021.1.2.

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This paper explores the major causes, processes and consequences of natural resource conflicts between tribes across the Sudan – South Sudan border region, with the main emphasis on the Abyei territory. Data for the study have been gathered from primary and secondary sources. The research revealed that the conflict over ownership of Abyei’s renewable and non-renewable resources has evolved as a contentious issue between Sudan and South Sudan. The situation was complicated by the relationship of the Humr Misseriya and Ngok Dinka and their governments, respectively. Moreover, lack of agreement about who should be considered a resident of Abyei derailed a referendum on the territory’s status. The government of Sudan and Humr Misseriya have not yet accepted all proposals and agreements for resolving the conflict. Despite the fact that there are new and positive political developments between the two countries, mainly in 2019–2020, these have not been extended to the settlement of the final status of Abyei. For a durable peace in the Abyei region and its environment, both governments need to work toward realising mutual benefits based on the agreed principles and proposals stipulated in the Abyei Protocol of 2004–2005 and the African Union High-Level Implementation Panel of 2012.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sudan (2004)"

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Kuol, Kuol Deng-Abot. "An investigation of the roles of traditional leadership in the liberation struggle in southern Sudan from 1983-2004." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/205.

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The aim of this research study was to examine the role of traditional leadership during the upsurge of civil war in Southern Sudan. There has not been much research conducted in this field especially in Abiem County. Throughout the research process the role of traditional leaders has shown an unprecedented position during the liberation struggled characterized by huge support in terms of material support, manpower and political mobilization. The data analysis clearly reflected the roles of traditional leaders that occupied the historical perspective amidst the armed struggle waged by successive liberation movements and especially during the Sudan people’s Liberation Movement and Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLM/SPLA) from 1983 - 2004. It reflected on the vital roles of people’s support in the liberation movement represented by their traditional leaders, chiefs, elders, spiritual leaders, women and youth. Thus the perception of the role of traditional leadership in its different categories ha s shown a satisfactory and effective contribution to the war of liberation in Southern Sudan. However, in order to achieve the objectives, an investigation was conducted with various interviewees. As stated earlier, participants ranged from the chiefs and elders to local military and civil appointed administrators, women, youth and religious leaders. The main results of the study have profoundly asserted the important role of traditional leaders in the local government and their involvement in popular decision making and in local conflict management.
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Siyam, Amani Abdel Fattah Mohamed. "An analytical study of child survival using the Sudan, Egypt and Yemen PAP-CHILD surveys." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2002. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2004/.

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The thesis is a comparative study of, Egypt, Sudan and Yemen, three countries with similar social and economic profiles, yet with a variable dynamic in achieving reductions in child mortality levels. The study begins with a consideration of the individual country backgrounds and then presents comparative findings on population health and child survival. Empirical results on the correlates of child survival are presented, together with a selective review of the related techniques of analysis. The analyses of survival to age five was based on data from the PAPCHILD surveys carried-out in Egypt (1991), Sudan (1992/93) and Yemen (1991/92). The aim was to investigate the determinants of child survival with the innovation of adjusting for the effect of a family's "child mortality background". Methods of analysis included life-table analysis, logistic (marginal and multilevel) and Cox regression models. The transition to better child survival could further benefit from the spacing of births, the avoidance of higher-order births, and the concentration of childbearing in the central reproductive ages. Unequivocally, deaths of older siblings prior to the birth of every index child were strong predictors of poor survival settings. Deaths of older siblings after the birth of the index child were rare, yet captured "immediate" risk spells. Events of conception, birth and death of a subsequent sibling entailed time-varying excess risks. Evidently, adjusting for measures of familial child losses explains much of the "between-households" variation in mortality risks and spell-out "within-households" inter-dependencies of survival. Households further correlate in risks to child survival when they belonged to the same geographical cluster. The novelty in representing the latter correlation with a "regional" component of unmeasured effects was in aid of pertinent policy recommendations. Further, the study makes recommendations on reducing reporting errors of demographic data collected from mothers. Critical findings and policy implications are: for Egypt, better child survival rates are achievable by narrowing "regional" socio-economic gaps and sustaining lower fertility rates; in Sudan, the slowing pace of declines in child mortality were not best explained by relations with observed correlates, and appears further underpinned by the country's economic crisis; in Yemen, child mortality levels can be reduced by a third if the timing between successive births could be extended to two years, net of key promotive socio-economic interventions.
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Kinner, Kelly S. "Comparing coverage in "The New York Times" and "The Washington Post" via the gendered lens: The case of Darfur, Sudan, 2003--2005." Connect to online resource, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1442950.

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Hussein, Ghaiath Mohamed Abas. "The ethical considerations in the health-related research activities conducted during armed conflicts : case study of Darfur, West Sudan (2004-2012)." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8580/.

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The aim of this thesis is to conduct an empirically informed and philosophically robust ethical analysis of health-related human research undertaken during armed conflicts using the case study of Darfur, west Sudan (2004-2012). It adopts an empirical bioethics approach that combines the collection and analysis of empirical data with traditional philosophical analysis. The empirical data were collected using a systematic review of the studies that were conducted in Darfur during the chosen study period, followed by a qualitative project in Sudan. The qualitative findings were used to inform the philosophical discussion where the lines of arguments suggested by the project participants1 and the literature were scrutinized. This empirically-informed approach was chosen to overcome some of the shortcomings of the use of an abstract philosophical theorization when applied alone to an applied ethics field like humanitarian (research) ethics. Four main themes emerged and are discussed in the light of the relevant literature. The overall thesis is that the mainstream research ethical governance models are inadequate to ethically guide humanitarian activities as they lack the needed moral representativeness and operational feasibility. To overcome these problems, I argue that ethical oversight should shift from individualistic autonomy-based bioethics to relational autonomy and trust-based bioethics and from committee-based to community- situated governance models.
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Kothari, Ammina. "A study of the New York times coverage of the Darfur, Sudan conflict, July 2003-July 2006 /." Thesis, Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/7766.

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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Oregon, 2008.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. "List of journalists interviewed": p. 88. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 104-109). Also available online.
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Sirdar, Mohamed Mahmoud. "Antibiotic residues in commercial layer hens in Khartoum State, Sudan, 2007-2008." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/23460.

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The prevalence of antimicrobial residues in table eggs produced in Khartoum State, Sudan was estimated and determined. All available producing layer farms in the state were sampled in April, June and August 2008. For each layer house three egg samples were randomly collected to increase the sensitivity of antimicrobial residue screening test detectability. In total, 933 egg samples were analyzed, collected from 175 layer farms (335 layer houses) in three periods of collection. An in-house residue detection test using Geobacillus stearothermophillus var calidolactis was the analytical procedure used for the analysis. Data were analysed using Survey Toolbox to calculate the true prevalence and confidence intervals. The proportion of layer farms with antimicrobial residues in April, June and August was 61.1%, 60.2% and 68.7% respectively. The proportion of layer houses affected in April, June and August were 56.0%, 54.1% and 57.1% respectively. The results showed insignificant variation among the three periods of the surveillance (p = 0.57). A census covering all three localities of the state (Khartoum, Bahry and Omdurman) was carried out in late 2007 and early 2008. Data were recorded on areas where farms occur, number of houses per farm, total capacity of birds and farming systems. The census showed that there were 252 layer farms in the state distributed in 31 different areas with a total population of 2 221 800 birds. A structured questionnaire survey was carried out in April 2008 in the state, to assess and collect data on risk factors associated with the presence of antimicrobial residues in table eggs. The questionnaire investigated antibiotic usage patterns for each layer farm as well as the basic knowledge and understanding of farmers about public health concerns associated with antibiotic use in food producing animals. Questions were closed ended and data was obtained through direct interviews with farm owners and managers. Descriptive statistical analysis was carried out on the information captured; calculating frequencies, graphs and measures of association, using the EpiInfo™ statistical package. Ninety two farms were surveyed 98% of which comprised open-sided houses. It was found that 48.9% of the farms surveyed were on antibiotic treatment when the survey was conducted, while 58.7% of the farms had used antibiotics within the last three months. There was a significant association between having disease on the farm and using antibiotics (P<0.001). The study showed that there is a serious lack of knowledge about the dangers of using antibiotics in animals and their potential impact on human health. In addition, Sudan lacks any type of formal control of veterinary drugs in terms of legislated residue limits or monitoring and surveillance programmes. This leads the authors to the conclusion that all Sudanese consumers are at risk for ARs in eggs.
Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Production Animal Studies
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Badiey, Naseem. "The state within : the local dynamics of 'post-conflict reconstruction' in Juba, southern Sudan (2005-2008)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.547745.

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Mohamed, Tarig A. "MONITORING AND ANALYZING OF DESERTIFICATION TREND IN NORTH SUDAN USING MODIS IMAGES FROM 2000 to 2014." OpenSIUC, 2016. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2044.

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Desertification is a serious threat that damages the environment in many African countries, as a result of climatic factors and population growth. This research, investigated and monitored the dynamics of the desert area in the Republic of Sudan using geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing images. The expansion of desertification in Sudan, particularly in Darfur, Kordofan, and Alshymalia states has, increased rapidly. Many efforts have been committed to understanding its dynamics, causes, and impacts. However, the data are still lacking. In this study Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Normalized Different Vegetation Index (NDVI), Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), and Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) images were acquired for the months of July, August, and September (growing seasons of the vegetation in the study area) of the years 2000, 2009, and 2014 respectively. Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) data were used to compare and validate the result of MODIS data. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Spectral Mixture Analysis (SMA) techniques were utilized to produce three classification maps, and to address the issue of the mixed pixel. Post-classification change detection method was used to quantify the change that had occurred in the study area. The results show that the overall classification accuracy for the MODIS data for the year 2000, 2009, and 2014 was 79.52 %, 81.90 %, and 85.76 % respectively, and there was a significant increase in the expansion of the desert area towards the south and southwest of the study area. The temporal period between 2000 and 2009 indicated the greatest conversion of vegetation to desert area. Population growth and climatic changes such as temperature increment and precipitation variation were the major factors that led to the desert expansion. The result of this study will provide the people of Sudan with the information regarding desert area land expansion during the past 14 years, thereby raising awareness about the environmental problem in Sudan.
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Heleta, Savo. "The Darfur conflict from the perspective of the rebel justice and equality movement." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/970.

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In 2003, a conflict broke out in Darfur, Sudan’s western province, between the mainly “African” rebels and the government forces and their proxy “Arab” militias. It is estimated that about 200,000 people have so far died in the conflict from fighting, disease, and starvation. The UN and aid agencies estimate that over two million Darfurians, out of the population of about six million, are living in refugee camps. Even though the majority of all deaths in Darfur have occurred in 2003 and 2004, the conflict is nowhere near the end. Even after more than five years since the Darfur conflict began, there is hardly any comprehensive information about the rebels’ aims, objectives, and plans for the future. We cannot fully understand the conflict and plan peace negotiations between the warring parties if we do not know enough about the rebels. This study has critically explored the aims and perspectives of the Justice and Equality Movement, currently the most powerful Darfur rebel movement. The author has used the first-hand information gathered through interviews with the representatives of the rebel movement and additional data about the conflict and the rebels collected through an extensive literature analysis to portray the movement and its aims, perspectives, and plans for the future. Using the grounded theory approach as the data analysis tool, the author has presented key findings about the Darfur conflict from the perspective of the Justice and Equality Movement that have emerged from the data collected in this study.
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Gross, de Almeida Daniela. "The Darfur conflict : beyond ethnic hatred explanations." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2185.

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Thesis (MA (Political Science. International Studies))--Stellenbosch University, 2008.
Sudan is a country that has been affected by a history of multiple destructive civil wars. Conflicts that, in a global perspective, have proven to be as devastating as interstate wars, or on occasion even more destructive, in terms of the numbers of casualties, refugee figures and the effects on a country’s society. The conflict in Darfur, in the western region of Sudan, is a civil war that illustrates one of the direst scenarios. In around five years of warfare, more than 200,000 people have died in the conflict, and around two million Darfurians were displaced, creating what the UN calls the “world’s worst humanitarian crisis.” The civil war was initiated by the attacks of two rebel groups, the Sudan Liberation Movement/Army and the Justice and Equality Movement, against government installations. Although presenting insurgency characteristics, the civil war in Darfur has been commonly labelled as a “tribal” conflict of “Africans” versus “Arabs”. An explanation that seems to fail to clarify the complex circumstances belying the situation. As seen in this study, although identity factors played their role as a cause of the conflict, the ‘ethnic hatred’ justification of war doesn’t seem to be sufficient to explain the present situation. Darfur appears to be a clear example that there is no single factor that can explain such a war. In the case of Darfur, various factors seem to have interplayed in creating the necessary conditions for the eruption of violence. This study focused on two of these factors – the environmental hazards that have been affecting the region, and the government’s use of the Janjaweed militia in its counterinsurgency movement. Both, and in different ways, seem to have contributed to dividing the Darfurian society between two poles, thus worsening the circumstances in the region and helping generate the high levels of violence that characterise the Darfur conflict. Most important, in analysing the conflict of Darfur with a point of view that goes beyond the “ethnic hatred” explanation, it seems possible to identify issues, such as land ownership, that are in vital need of being addressed in order to achieve peace in 4 the region. As seen in this thesis, it seems that it is only through a broad understanding of the complex causes of the conflict that peace negotiations might have any hope of success. While those continue to be ignored, any peace agreements or prospects of finding a solution to the conflict will be unrealistic.
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Books on the topic "Sudan (2004)"

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Garang, Kuir ë. South Sudan: The dying optimist in me : (political essays 2004 - 2013). Calgary, Alta: The Nile Press, 2017.

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Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. International Development Committee. Darfur, Sudan: The responsibility to protect : fifth report of session 2004-05. London: Stationery Office, 2005.

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Badri, Amna. Project report: Women in post-conflict peace building and rehabilitation in the Sudan : phase 1, 2004-2006. Omdurman, Sudan: Ahfad University for Women, 2006.

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Badri, Amna. Project report: Women in post-conflict peace building and rehabilitation in the Sudan : phase 1, 2004-2006. Omdurman, Sudan: Ahfad University for Women, 2006.

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Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. International Development Committee. The humanitarian crisis in the Darfur region of Sudan: Oral and written evidence, Tuesday 14 September 2004. London: Stationery Office, 2004.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on International Relations. Subcommittee on Africa. Sudan: Peace agreement around the corner? : hearing before the Subcommittee on Africa of the Committee on International Relations, House of Representatives, One Hundred Eighth Congress, second session, March 11, 2004. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2004.

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Africa, United States Congress House Committee on International Relations Subcommittee on. Comprehensive Peace in Sudan Act: Markup before the Subcommittee on Africa of the Committee on International Relations, House of Representatives, One Hundred Eighth Congress, second session, on H.R. 5061, September 30, 2004. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2004.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations. Sudan: Peace but at what price? : hearing before the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, One Hundred Eighth Congress, second session, June 15, 2004. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2004.

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Report on winning the peace and starting reconstruction in Southern Sudan: An international conference on peace in the Sudan and its implications in the greater Horn of Africa : September 30-October 3, 2004, Windsor Golf and Country Club Resort, Nairobi, Kenya. Nairobi: African Research and Resource Forum, 2004.

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Otuma, Ongalo, and African Research and Resource Forum., eds. Report on winning the peace and starting reconstruction in Southern Sudan: An international conference on peace in the Sudan and its implications in the Greater Horn of Africa : September 30-October 3, 2004, Windsor Golf and Country Club Resort, Nairobi, Kenya. Nairobi: African Research and Resource Forum, 2004.

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Book chapters on the topic "Sudan (2004)"

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Mattes, Hanspeter. "Sudan 2004." In Nahost Jahrbuch 2004, 159–65. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-80824-0_24.

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Malwal, Bona. "South Sudan: The Beginning of the Struggle for Political Emancipation, 1947–2004." In Sudan and South Sudan, 16–30. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137437143_2.

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Ahmed, Einas. "Political Islam in Sudan: Islamists and the Challenge of State Power (1989–2004)." In Islam and Muslim Politics in Africa, 189–208. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230607101_11.

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Mattes, Hanspeter. "Sudan 2000." In Nahost Jahrbuch 2000, 147–53. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-97532-4_20.

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Mattes, Hanspeter. "Sudan 2001." In Nahost Jahrbuch 2001, 158–64. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-95001-7_23.

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Mattes, Hanspeter. "Sudan 2002." In Nahost Jahrbuch 2002, 157–66. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-80940-7_23.

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Mattes, Hanspeter. "Sudan 2003." In Nahost Jahrbuch 2003, 161–68. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-81015-1_24.

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Mattes, Hanspeter. "Sudan." In Afrika Jahrbuch 2001, 323–29. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-91356-2_48.

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Heisel, Corinna. "Sudan." In Das Kriegsgeschehen 2003, 155–59. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-07990-3_27.

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Kugler, Steffen. "Sudan." In Das Kriegsgeschehen 2001, 239–44. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-97571-3_42.

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Conference papers on the topic "Sudan (2004)"

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Tang, Xueqing, Lirong Dou, Ruifeng Wang, Alsadig Mohmoud Gabir, and Mouiz Hamza Musa. "Deeper Re-completions Exploited Bypassed Oil in Massive Heavy Oil Reservoir: Case Study." In SPE/AAPG Africa Energy and Technology Conference. SPE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/afrc-2582438-ms.

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ABSTRACT Fula field at Block 6, Sudan contains crude of 16.8 to 19 °API with in-situ viscosity of 497 cp in Bentiu formation. It was on production in March, 2004 and has produced 14% of original oil in place. Massive and unconsolidated sandstones inter-bedded with thin (3 to 13 ft) and discontinuous shales possess high horizontal and vertical permeabilities (2 to 9.53 Darcies). Lateral dimensions of shale bodies range from 1,000 to 2,000 ft. To extend oil production life with water-free, initial development strategy was to perforate the upper and more permeable zones (Perforations are 30% of entire zones) to obtain profitable productivity. After fieldwide water breakthrough, based on the studies of bypassed oil distribution, the following innovative deeper re-completions have been applied in high-water-cut wells (water cut more than 80%) to exploit the bypassed oil zones and new pay zones that have been missed below the existing productive zones. squeeze cement into the existing high-water-cut zones, located at the upper portion of entire pay zones. Those long wormholes communicating with aquifer caused by deep sanding should be cemented.perforate partially the lower portion of pay zones with optimal shot density. 30 to 40% of entire pay zones and shot density of 5 shots per foot are recommended. Perforation tunnel optimization can be run for concrete well conditions.Progressing Cavity Pumps operate at low frequencies less than 30 Hz to regulate proper pressure drawdown less than observed critical value of sanding from field tests and water coning. Field production data indicate that this workover campaign has achieved more than 2-fold oil gain and reducing water cut by 30 to 50% compared to previous water cuts of over 80%, also, water cut plus dynamic fluid level remain relatively stable over 6 months.
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Shui, Biyuan, Zhongyuan Guan, Liying Zhao, and Xiaoyan Shi. "Industrial Test and Application of Drag Reducer in Sudan GNPOC Crude Oil Pipeline." In 2006 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2006-10044.

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The drag reducer, EP-W203, was industrially tested and applied in a long segment of Sudan GNPOC (Greater Nile Petroleum Operating Company) crude oil pipeline. From July 29th to August 3th in 2001, between PS#1 and PS#3, which totals 547km in length, a single point of DRA injection at PS#1 was tested. With an average DRA injection concentration of about 23.4 ppm, 8.28% of drag reduction and 5.09% of throughput increase was gained. It is indicated that 70–80% of drag reduction capacity was still remained after 237 kilometers of pipe wall shear from PS#1 to PS#2. But after severe local shear (without pump shear) during by passing PS#2 process, the DRA almost lost its efficiency. On Dec., 30th, 2001, two points DRA injection test at PS#1 and PS#2 were performed, with injection concentration about 25ppm individually and a total of 12% throughput increase was realized. Since then, routine industrial application of DRA injection at two points were commenced. During the application of DRA since the end of July in 2002, the pipeline throughput suddenly decreased for about 4.32%. Even adding with a third DRA injection point at BV5 was no effect to the pipeline throughput. Research and analysis indicated that due to the change of oil source and the increase of crude viscosity, and the effect of environmental condition in raining season as well, the Reynolds number between PS#2 and PS#3 decreased to lower level, which reduced the function and effect of the Drag Reducer.
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Diogenes. "Aspek Hukum yang Harus Diperhatikan dalam Membangun Bandar Antariksa." In Seminar Nasional Kebijakan Penerbangan dan Antariksa I. Bogor: In Media, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.30536/p.sinaskpa.i.7.

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Rencana pembangunan bandar antariksa di Indonesia dewasa ini cukup mendapat perhatian dari masyarakat. Menurut Undang-undang No. 21 Tahun 2013 Tentang Keantariksaan Pasal 1, definisi bandar antariksa adalah kawasan di daratan yang dipergunakan sebagai landasan dan/atau peluncuran wahana antariksa yang dilengkapi dengan fasilitas keamanan dan keselamatan serta fasilitas penunjang lainnya. Aspek-aspek yang perlu diperhatikan dalam pembangunan bandar antariksa serta alternatif pemilihan lokasi bandar antariksa, termasuk kawasan di sekelilingnya wajib memperhatikan kepentingan nasional dari segala aspek baik teknis maupun non-teknis. Salah satu aspek non-teknis adalah aspek hukum, yaitu bagaimana aspek hukum diperhatikan dalam membangun bandar antariksa dan alternatif pemilihan lokasi bandar antariksa di Pulau Morotai di Provinsi Maluku Utara dan di Pulau Biak di Provinsi Papua. Sedangkan metodologi yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah deskriptif normatif analisis. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan sekunder. Data primer dilakukan melalui diskusi langsung dengan pakar yang berkompeten dibidang hukum khususnya hukum antariksa. Sedangkan data sekunder melalui studi pustaka dari berbagai referensi tentang aspek hukum peraturan perundang-undang baik dilingkup nasional maupun local atau daerah. Hasil kajian ini adalah bahwa Undang-undang No. 21 tahun 2013 Tentang Keantariksaan, yaitu Pasal 44 - 50 mengenai bandar antariksa dan Draft Rencana Induk Penyelenggaraan Keantariksaan Tahun 2016 – 2040. Kedua ketentuan hukum tersebut hanya memuat ketentuan umum saja, oleh karena itu kita harus merujuk kepada Peraturan Perundang-undangan lainnya seperti Undang-undang No. 23 Tahun 2014 Tentang Pemerintahan Daerah, Undang-undang No. 21 Tahun 2001 Tentang Otonomi Khusus Provinsi Papua, Undangundang No. 5 Tahun 1960 Tentang Peraturan Dasar Pokok-Pokok Agraria, Undang-undang No. 32 Tahun 2009 Tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup, Undang-undang No. 26 Tahun 2007 Tentang Penataan Ruang dan banyak peraturan perundangan lainnya. Lembaga Penerbangan dan Antariksa Nasional (LAPAN) yang sudah memiliki tanah di Pulau Biak dengan Hak Pakai. Oleh karena itu secara hukum menurut Undang-undang Pokok-pokok Agraria No. 5 Tahun 1960 dan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 40 Tahun 1996 Tentang Hak Guna Usaha, Hak Guna Bangunan dan Hak Pakai, menurut Pasal 41 UU Agraria dan Pasal 39 PP No. 40 demi kepentingan negara dan kepentingan umum terhadap tanah tersebut, Lapan dapat menggunakannya sesuai dengan peruntukannya untuk lokasi bandar antariksa.
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Musa, Salwa A., Samar S. Hassan, and Mohamed Abdullah. "16 Monogenic diabetes; an experience from Sudan." In The 7th ASPED-ISPAD Diabetes Academy. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2024-asped.16.

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Mohamed, Eslam-Hassan, Ping Wang, and Osman-Abdalla Elhadi. "E-commerce in Sudan: The Reality and Prospects." In 2014 International Conference on Management Science and Management Innovation (MSMI 2014). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/msmi-14.2014.15.

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M.A. Ghorashi, Yasir. "Sedimentation framework and tectonostratigraphic development of the Muglad Basin Sudan." In GEO 2008. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.246.151.

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El-Tayeb, Ahmed, and Othman Ali Mahmud. "Tectonics, Seismic and Sequence Stratigraphy of Melut Rift Basin, Sudan." In PGCE 2006. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.256.p16.

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Trivedi, K. B. "The petroleum systems (!) of Muglad Basin, Sudan: Evolution, growth and entrapment." In GEO 2008. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.246.348.

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Hamid, Suhib O., Derek M. Heeren, Aaron R. Mittelstet , Saleh Taghvaeian, and Randall Ritzema. "Assessing Soil Properties for Optimized Irrigation Development in Sudan, Northern Africa." In 2024 Anaheim, California July 28-31, 2024. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.202400385.

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Ghobrial Morgos, Rafaa Ashamallah, and Khalid Mohamemd Alhassan Alakad. "Perception of Sudan Peritoneal Dialysis Program's staff to medical electronic records." In 2014 IST-Africa Conference & Exhibition. IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/istafrica.2014.6880637.

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Reports on the topic "Sudan (2004)"

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Laku, Justin. South Sudan Governance: A Call for Federalism to Address. Fribourg (Switzerland): IFF, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.51363/unifr.diff.2017.21.

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This paper is an attempt to explain why federalism could be a response to governance crises in fragile states such as South Sudan, and Sudan. it aims to discuss the history of the call for federalism in Sudan and South Sudan, It argues that If Khartoum leadership had adopted federalism as system of governance right after independence in Sudan, that could have prevented a half a century of civil war between the Arab-North and the Christian South, and consequently the current Darfur and Nuba Mountains ongoing civil wars. These civil wars could have saved lives and the countries’ economy. The paper makes the case that the centralized system was instrumental in plunging the newly independent state of South Sudan into the devastating three-years conflict that has displaced 2.4 million people, killed 50,000; and in Sudan it has displaced 6 million, and 2.6 million killed in South, and 300,000 killed in Darfur (De Waal, 2007, p.317) and drove South Sudan and Sudan into dire economic straits. The paper draws federalism benefits that will help move the country forward.
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Liaga, Emmaculate Asige. Towards Local Approaches and Inclusive Peacebuilding in South Sudan. RESOLVE Network, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/pn2021.24.lpbi.

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The post-liberation peacebuilding in South Sudan, which largely drew from liberal peace theory, was employed between 2005 (after the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) and before the referendum, secession, and independence in 2011) and December 2013 (when it imploded into a civil conflict) and proved insufficient to sustain the fragile peace that briefly existed after the country’s secession from Sudan. After a protracted conflict lasting almost half a decade and the presence of multiple peace actors, the lack of a comprehensive and coordinated peacebuilding strategy proved detrimental. This failure is partly due to poor coordination between stakeholders and lack of local/domestic legitimacy, leading to insufficient peacebuilding and an aggravation of the 2013 conflict. Over the years, liberal peacebuilding strategies, which emphasize formal institution-building and statebuilding in fragile and conflict-affected environments, continue to produce mixed to poor results and fragile peace. This decline has resulted in the shifting of discourses and operations within peacebuilding, a paradigm shift that pays greater attention to localization and the local context in the conceptualization of peacebuilding objectives and strategies. This transformation promotes local ownership and inclusivity in peace processes and their dividends. The dialogue on inclusive peace has thus gained momentum, bearing a need to fully engage both states and societies in this process. The “local” in peacebuilding forms an important resource when solving root causes of conflicts, as in South Sudan, by improving awareness of the cultural and historical diversity in a given context.
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Collins, Susan, and Amanda Bartell. Crossref Sponsor Training and Review March 2024. Crossref, March 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.13003/spob320as.

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On 20 March 2024, Crossref staff Susan Collins and Amanda Bartell presented a training and review for Crossref Sponsoring Organizations. Topics included: Crossref's mission and vision The role of Sponsors and Sponsor obligations Understanding the benefits and obligations of membership The importance of registering quality metadata Using Participation Reports The recording of the webinar, slide presentation, and Question/Answer report are available to download.
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Kelly, Luke. Lessons from the Refugee Response in Eastern Chad Since 2003. Institute of Development Studies, April 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4dd.2024.009.

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This rapid evidence review finds that there has been little progress on increasing refugee self-reliance in east Chad, but there is evidence on the barriers to and likely drivers of greater self-reliance. Lessons from protection efforts focus on the need to adequately address the range of protection threats and the structural drivers of insecurity, and agreement between Chadian and outside security actors. The review focuses on refugees from Sudan in Eastern Chad since 2003, and excludes internally displaced persons, or refugees in other parts of Chad. The review finds that the key factors behind this include the weak economic situation and lack of infrastructure and services in the region. While the government has largely integrated refugees into national systems, the lack of available services reduces the efficacy of the reform. The decline of humanitarian funding combined with a lack of funding for development actors means that integration efforts have not been supported or coordinated sufficiently.
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Zürcher, Christoph. Evidence on aid (in)effectiveness in highly fragile states: A synthesis of three systematic reviews of aid to Afghanistan, Mali, and South Sudan, 2008–21. UNU-WIDER, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2022/293-5.

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Collins, Susan, and Luis Montillo. ConexiónCrossref Bogotá24. Crossref, February 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.13003/bog24cnx.

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El 22 de febrero de 2024 Crossref realizó un taller en Bogotá en el Wyndham Bogotá Nos acompañaron compañeros de Biteca, patrocinador de Crossref, Scielo, PKP, COPE, y DOAJ. Temas incluidos: Nexo de investigación: Fundamentos de Crossref para editores académicos - Susan Collins/Crossref Metadatos de calidad y su influencia en la visibilidad de las publicaciones - Arley Soto / Biteca Introducción a la API de Crossref, cómo buscar metadatos y metadatos complementarios - Luis Montilla / Crossref Scielo 25 años: ciencia abierta con IDEIA - Alex Mendonça/Scielo Brasil La integridad de las revistas - Juan Pablo Alperin / PKP Ética en la edición - Nancy Chescheir / COPE Cómo los criterios de DOAJ apuntan hacia un ecosistema de publicación justo, inclusivo y global - Ivonne Lujano / DOAJ
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Rincón-Castro, Hernán. ¿Cuánto tributan efectivamente el consumo, el trabajo y el capital en Colombia? Cálculos con las Cuentas Nacionales base 2015. Banco de la República, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1161.

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A partir de un análisis que no es contable ni financiero sino económico, Rincón-Castro y Delgado-Rojas (2017) calculan para Colombia las tasas efectivas promedio de tributación sobre el consumo y los factores de producción trabajo y capital para el período comprendido entre 1994 y 2016. Para su estudio los autores utilizan las Cuentas Nacionales del DANE bases 1994 y 2005. El objetivo del presente estudio es realizar los mismos cálculos y con la misma metodología para el período 2005-2019, pero con las Cuentas Nacionales base 2015. Los resultados indican que el cambio de base produjo una reducción sustancial de las tasas efectivas del trabajo y del capital. Por ejemplo, para 2016, la tasa efectiva promedio del trabajo se redujo en 3 puntos porcentuales y del capital en 6 puntos porcentuales. ¿Cuál es la explicación? Los cambios de las bases tributarias que introdujo la nueva base de la contabilidad nacional, ya que la metodología de cálculo, las definiciones de las tasas, los parámetros y los supuestos no cambian. Entre 2017 y 2019 se suman los efectos de las leyes de reforma tributaria 819 de 2016 y 1943 de 2018. Los cálculos para 2019 indican que la tasa efectiva promedio de tributación del consumo es 12,7%, del trabajo es 18% y del capital es 15%. La desagregación de la tasa del trabajo muestra que la tasa de los salarios es 2,3%, de la nómina es 2,7% y de la seguridad social es 13%. La desagregación de la tasa del capital muestra que la de los hogares, quienes son los dueños del capital, es 3,8%, mientras que la de las sociedades es 21,1%. Así, los impuestos en Colombia no son efectivamente tan altos, pero tampoco tan bajos ni tan bien repartidos.
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Castello, Héctor, Carlo Ferraro, Josefina Paz, Sofía Rojo, and Marcelo Yangosián. Las exportaciones de papa en Argentina: estudio de caso a partir de la instalación de una empresa líder en el corazón de la producción de papa en el sudeste de la provincia de Buenos Aires. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003939.

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Este trabajo analiza el desarrollo de nuevas exportaciones agroindustriales en la Argentina, a partir de la instalación a mediados de la década de los años noventa, de una empresa transnacional que es líder mundial en la producción de alimentos. La radicación de la planta procesadora de papas de McCain en la zona núcleo de producción papera de la provincia de Buenos Aires, dio lugar a la exportación de volúmenes significativos de papa procesada con destino a los mercados de Brasil y otros países de la región. Ese proceso de desarrollo productivo y exportador que lleva más de dos décadas hizo que las exportaciones argentinas se ubicaran en el TOP 10 de los países que exportan papa procesada. En efecto, las exportaciones de este producto en el año 2019, antes de la pandemia, superaron los 229 millones de dólares, alcanzando la cifra más alta del último quinquenio. McCain fue responsable de más del 70% del total exportado. El estudio muestra que la disponibilidad de materia prima de calidad, en una zona de altos rendimientos para la producción de papa, sumados a la organización y gestión de una red de proveedores con contratos de compra que propició McCain junto con inversiones para asegurar mayor eficiencia y acceso a activos estratégicos dio lugar al desarrollo de una amplia cadena de suministro con el apoyo de distintos actores en el territorio. La llegada de Mc Cain, generó también derrames y spillovers en el sector donde hubo ingreso de nuevos jugadores en la actividad que abrieron plantas industriales. PepsiCo, especializada en productos para snack que también utiliza papas, instaló su planta en Mar del Plata en 2009. Alimentos Modernos (hoy 50% de propiedad del Lamb Weston) también está desembarcando en la zona. A estas dos empresas, se sumó la transnacional Simplot, que se radicó en Mendoza (a 1.100 km de distancia) que compra semillas y producción de papa industria en el sudeste bonaerense. A estas inversiones, se suman también emprendimientos de empresarios locales, de otras provincias argentinas o de empresas brasileñas que ven el potencial que tiene la zona. Estas iniciativas facilitaron el nacimiento y desarrollo de empresas proveedoras de equipamiento, insumos y servicios para la agroindustria, el desarrollo de nuevas variedades y de un mercado se semillas especializado sobre la base del conocimiento científico tecnológico de las instituciones locales, la formación y disponibilidad de recursos humanos y la mejora en las condiciones de contratación. El trabajo también destaca el papel que jugó el gobierno local en la provisión de bienes públicos que terminaron de convencer a Mc Cain para instalarse en Balcarce a partir de lo cual se generaron importantes eslabones de la cadena productiva que son fundamentales para el desarrollo del sector.
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South Sudan: Humanitarian Needs and Response Plan 2024. FAO, March 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4060/cd0202en.

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The Sudan: Humanitarian Needs and Response Plan 2024. FAO, March 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4060/cc9996en.

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