Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sud-Est Pacifique, Dorsale du'
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Constantin, Marc. "Pétrologie des gabbros et péridotites de la dorsale Est-Pacifique : la transition croûte manteau aux dorsales rapides." Brest, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BRES2033.
Full textDeschamps, Anne. "Contribution à l'étude de la formation du bassin ouest philippin : nouvelles données sur la bordure ouest et la dorsale fossile." Montpellier 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON20058.
Full textGomez, Olga. "Contraintes sur les mécanismes de l'accrétion océanique : l'exemple du volcanisme proche des dorsales Est-Pacifique et Sud-Est indienne et de la tectonique à l'axe de la dorsale Sud-Ouest indienne." Toulouse 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU30037.
Full textPerrot, Karine. "La dorsale est-pacifique (0-23oS) : évolution spatio-temporelle de la subsidence : relation avec la structure de la dorsale et du manteau." Brest, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BRES2044.
Full textLe, Saout Morgane. "Interaction dorsale-point chaud : relations entre les processus tectoniques et magmatiques à l'axe de la dorsale Est Pacifique, 16°N." Thesis, Brest, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BRES0019/document.
Full textThe 16°N segment of the East Pacific Rise (EPR) is the most over-inflated and shallowest of this fast -spreading ridge, in relation with an important magma flux due to the proximity of the Mathematician hotspot. The goal of this thesis is to analyze in detail the magmatic and tectonic processes along this segment in regards to the influence of the hotspot. The study of these processes is based on a morpho-structural and chronological analysis of the segment between 15°36.N and 15°53.N using bathymetric data (1,10 and 40 m resolution) and Nautile dive photos and videos of the French PARISUB (.PAnach Ridge SUBmerssible.) cruise. The characterization of the faults and fissures geometry (e.g., vertical throw, dip, length, depth, width) and their orientation reveled that tectonic processes occur more than 750 m of the ridge axis. Lateral and abyssal grabens formed by fault, less developed than in other EPR segments would be the consequence of a warmer and thinner lithosphere. At the axis, the existence of two parallel and contiguous Axial Summit Troughs (ASTs) over a distance of about 20 km and above a wide magma lens, indicate a wide zone of diking and thus a poor localization of magmatic processes. This poor localization, and the highly segmented and global “en echelon” shift of the ASTs that progressively accommodate the bow shape of the axial dome in the direction of the hotspot, revealed the importance of the Mathematician hotspot influences on spreading processes. This hotspot also influences, although indirectly lava flows morphologies.Indeed, it is at the origin of the formation of a wide sub-horizontal plateau that results in the formation of inflated sheet and pillow flows. That flows covering about one third of the plateau allows us to develop theoretical and conceptual models to investigate lava flow dynamics. Models revealed that inflated sheet and pillow flows may emplace during the same long-live (few hours to 20 days) eruption, with sheet flows erupted at the end
Vlastélic, Ivan. "Hétérogénéité et fusion partielle du manteau : une étude de la dorsale pacifique-antarctique et de la ride de Hollister (pacifique sud)." Brest, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BRES2091.
Full textLe, Faouder Antoine. "Caractérisation géochimique (déséquilibres 230Th/238U, isotopes Sr, Nd et Pb, éléments en traces) du volcanisme de dorsale en contexte d'interaction point chaud dorsale : Cas des bassins marginaux du Sud Ouest Pacifique et de la dorsale Centrale Indienne." Brest, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BRES2039.
Full textStudying U series disequilibria in young lavas (<10kyr) is a powerful tool for understanding magma genesis and transfer such as time constraints of melt ascent or mantle porosity. Combined trace element geochemistry, isotope composition and U series data are able to indicate source heterogeneity due to the possible input of plume-derived enriched material. Input of additional mantle material can be carried out under two forms : melt or solid transport state. A major constrain to decipher between these two mechanisms is the duration of transport. Thus, U series disequilibria can provide information about the rate of the transfer process and therefore the transport mechanism of the process. The study presented here (on lavas from the North Fiji and Lau basins and the Central Indian Ridge) is probably one of the first to constrain ridge hotspot interaction using U series disequilibria and accentuates the peculiar interest of this method
Vaslet, Nathalie. "Apports des images du sonar lateral SAR à l'étude de la structure fine des dorsales rapides : implications sur les relations entre tectonique magmatisme hydrothermalisme (exemple de la dorsale est-Pacifique entre 1320'N et 1150'N)." Brest, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BRES2035.
Full textMougel, Bérengère. "Variabilité géochimique du manteau à très petite échelle sous la dorsale Est-Pacifique (15°37' - 15°47'N)." Thesis, Brest, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BRES0075/document.
Full text120 Mid-Ocean-Ridge basaltic (MORB) glasses were collected on discrete lava flow (~200m sampling interval) during submersible dives along the East-Pacific-Rise (EPR), between 15°37’N and 14°47’N, precisely where the ridge intersects the Mathematicianshotspot track. The data display a geochemical variability that has never been observedalong a ridge at such a small spatial scale. The range of isotopic compositions along this 15 km segment is commensurable to that of the entire EPR. It can be accounted for by a mixture of three main components, representative of the hotspot heterogeneity.The dense sampling, along and across the ridge segment, matches the resolution of themicro-bathymetric data, which made the spatio-temporal reconstruction of the geochemical and morphological evolution of the EPR/Mathematician hotspot system possible.The latest starts 600 kya with the segment inflation and a global change in the ambient mantle composition, followed by two successive jumps of the ridge axis (250 and 150 kya) towards the seamounts chain. During this phase as the two systems are getting closer,new geochemical signatures emerge in MORB. Among them, relics of regional depleted mantle, small enriched local heterogeneities, and two types of heterogeneities belonging to the hotspot source. The last one become apparent only during the last 100 yearsaround 15°44’N, and constitutes a novel geochemical signature for MORB. This new component’s most noticeable property is its very unradiogenic Pb ("Unradiogenic Lead Component", ULC) associated with mostly enriched Sr, Nd and Hf isotopic signatures. Putted together, major, trace elements and isotopes (Sr, Nd, Hf, Pb and He) suggest anancient (>2Ga) lower continental metagabbroic origin for this material, while the involvement of sulfides is considered in order to explain the unradiogenic lead compositions. Overall, the preferred model for the formation of ULC is the recycling within the uppermantle of sulfide bearing pyroxenites coming from continental arc roots. ULC-influenced basalts represent magmatic witnesses of the melting of this cryptic reservoir that can contribute to solve the Pb paradox
Bodei, Sabine. "Genèse et évolution des sédiments métallifères en contexte hydrothermal hors axe (exemple des dépôts de la marge du Costa Rica, Pacifique Equatorial)." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00327694.
Full textLa caractérisation minéralogique (DRX, MEB, MET-EDX) et chimique (majeurs, traces, terres rares) des nouvelles phases minérales formées in situ dans le sédiment GC50 a permis de mettre en évidence deux phases d'altération. La première phase consiste en un processus de diagenèse précoce. La deuxième phase d'altération engendre la précipitation d'apatites et d'oxydes Mn/Fe essentiellement localisés près de l'interface sédiment-basalte. Les données de la géochimie isotopique du strontium et du néodyme, ainsi que la distribution des spectres des Terres Rares, ont permis de préciser la nature du fluide à l'origine de la seconde phase d'altération. Ces marqueurs géochimiques suggèrent la décharge d'un fluide hydrothermal de basse température ayant très peu interagit avec le basalte lors de sa circulation dans la croûte.
Une étude plus poussée (EXAFS, METHR) sur les échantillons riches en oxydes Mn/Fe a permis de proposer un modèle de formation et d'évolution des oxydes Mn, dans ce contexte hydrothermal hors axe. Ce modèle démontre que la formation de todorokite (tectomanganate), minéral ubiquiste en milieu marin, nécessite la présence d'un précurseur, ici la vernadite (phyllomanganate).
Bendel, Valérie. "Cadre géologique et composition des minéralisations hydrothermales en contexte arrière-arc : exemple de la dorsale du bassin nord fidjien (sud ouest Pacifique)." Brest, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BRES2003.
Full textMatabos, Marjolaine. "Biodiversité des peuplements hydrothermaux de la dorsale Est-Pacifique : influence des traits d'histoire de vie des organismes et de l'environnement géophysique et physico-chimique." Paris 6, 2007. http://hal.upmc.fr/tel-01117647.
Full textAuclair, Gilles. "Processus de métallogénèse dans les amas sulfurés océaniques : Contribution à l'étude du comportement des éléments chalcophiles dans les processus hydrothermaux." Brest, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BRES2001.
Full textLelièvre, Yann. "Structure et dynamique temporelle des communautés hydrothermales inféodées à la dorsale Juan de Fuca : utilisation d'une approche observatoire fond de mer." Thesis, Brest, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BRES0001/document.
Full textHydrothermal vents are distributed along mid-ocean ridges and back-arc basins. These ecosystems harbour a specialized fauna supported by a local chemosynthetic microbial production, made possible through the oxidation of reduced elements present in the hydrothermal fluid. While the relationships between faunal assemblages and habitats have been relatively well described around the globe, our knowledge on the temporal dynamics of these environments is still limited, particularly at time scale relevant to organisms (from few minutes to several years). Based on hydrothermal vent communities occurring on the Juan de Fuca Ridge, located in the northeast Pacific Ocean, this thesis aims at understanding the functioning and temporal dynamics of macrofaunal communities associated with the Siboglinidae Ridgeia piscesae tubeworm assemblages through the coupling of sampling and seafloor observatory approach. This study first allowed the quantitative description (composition, diversity and biomass) of six siboglinid species assemblages on the Grotto hydrothermal edifice (Main Endeavour, Juan de Fuca Ridge) and the assessment of the trophic structure of these communities using stable isotopes. The results enabled the identification of 36 taxa. An elevated polychaete diversities and high densities of gastropods characterized all assemblages. The most developed R. piscesae assemblages exhibited greater diversity and more complex food webs. The species coexistence within the biogenic structures created by R. piscesae could be explained by a strong partitioning of ecological niches and nutritional resources. The analysis of video images gathered by the ecological observatory module TEMPO-mini, deployed on the Grotto edifice on the cabled observatory OceanNetworks Canada, provided information on the temporal dynamics of the assemblage. The abundance variations of four macrofaunal species were tracked at a daily frequency during one year and every 4 hours during one summer and two winter months. Our results highlighted a significant influence of the semi-diurnal tidal cycle and winter surface storms on the distribution of two mobile and non-symbiotic taxa (Sericosura sp. pycnogonids and Polynoidae polychaetes). The local ocean dynamics seemed to periodically affect the mixing between hydrothermal fluid inputs and surrounding seawater, therefore modifying environmental conditions in vent habitats. This study suggests that hydrothermal species respond to these habitat modifications by adjusting their behaviour. Finally, considering the increased importance of observational and imagery approaches in the study of deep-sea ecosystems, this thesis proposes a guideline and methodology in order to optimise video imagery methods both for the extraction of ecological data and the search of natural cycles. Overall, these results bring novel and valuable information to help understand the functioning and dynamics of deep-sea hydrothermal communities and opens new research avenues for deep-sea ecology in general
Oerder, Vera. "Interactions couplées océan-atmosphère à meso-échelle dans le Pacifique Sud-Est." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066079.
Full textThis PhD thesis studies the air/sea interactions at the oceanic mesoscale (10-300 km) in the South-East Pacific and their consequences. Satellite observations and a high-resolution regional ocean-atmosphere coupled model are used to evidence and characterize the mesoscale Sea Surface Temperature (SST)-wind stress (WS) interactions. Offshore from 150km, observations show that one third of the WS mesoscale intensity is explained by the SST mesoscale anomalies. The intensity of the WS response intensity to the SST displays similar spatial and seasonal variability in both the model and the observations. The simulation is further analyzed to study this variations and to understand the boundary layer adjustment mechanisms. A momentum balance evidenced that the near surface wind anomalies are created by the anomalies of the turbulent mixing term. It is shown that WS intensity anomalies due to SST anomalies are are mainly forced by mixing coefficient anomalies and partially compensated by wind shear anomalies. The consequences on the oceanic dynamics of the air-sea momentum, heat and fresh water fluxes by mesoscale SST and surface current are investigated in the simulations. On one hand, near the coast, the WS response to the upwelling SST front decreases both the upwelling and the eddy kinetic energy (EKE) generation by baroclinic conversion. A negative feedback of the atmospheric response on the SST anomalies amplitude is also evidenced. On the other hand, the WS modulation by oceanic surface currents decreases the EKE generation by the mesoscale wind work. It also creates an Ekman pumping centered above the eddies and attenuating sea surface height anomalies
Vega, Andres. "Ondes de Rossby, niveau de la mer et couleur de l'eau dans le Pacifique Sud-Est." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30194.
Full textPaulmier, Aurélien. "Zones de minimum d'oxygène (OMZs) de l'océan moderne : une étude focalisée dans l'OMZ du Pacifique Sud Est." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066342.
Full textJanin, Myriam. "Le plateau d'Amsterdam-St Paul : Caractérisation du point chaud éponyme et évolution de son interaction avec la dorsale Sud-est indienne." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00592036.
Full textJanin, Myriam. "Le plateau Amsterdam-St. Paul : caractérisation du point chaud éponyme et évolution de son interaction avec la dorsale Sud-est Indienne." Brest, 2010. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00592036.
Full textThe Amsterdam-St Paul plateau (ASP) is an oceanic plateau built from the interaction between ASP hotspot and the Southeast Indian ridge. P volcanic chain, called the chain of the dead Poets (CDP), lies to its northward and related to the hotspot intraplate activity. Their study reveals that ASP plume composition comes from oceanic crust and pelagic sediments recycled in the mantle through a 1,5Ga subduction process, ASP plume activity is pulsatile and occurs preferentially on weakness zones. The CDP construction results thus from (1) the plume pulses and (2) the diffuse divergent boundary between the Capricorn and Australian plates. K-Ar datings reveal that this volcanic chain is made of two generations of seamounts: (1) an old one, of about 9Ma and made of large edifices which had probably a sub-aerial period and (2) a young one, younger than 2Ma, and made of small edifices related to some pounded plume pulse material. In addition, ASP plume has an own motion of about 1-2 cm/yr to the south-west. The ASP plateau lavas compositions (major and trace elements and Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotopes) show en important variability and reveal that the underlying mantle is heterogeneous. It is made of a depleted mantle with lower continental crust strips in the form of garnet-plagioclase granulites, probably delaminated during the Gondwana breakup. The lower continental crust s one of the hypotheses for DUPAL anomaly origin and our data support this assumption
CARIAT, JEANNE. "L'origine des anomalies magnetiques de grandes longueurs d'onde (magsat) en asie du sud-est et dans le nord-ouest pacifique." Paris 7, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA077118.
Full textVergara, Oscar. "Ventilation de la circulation océanique dans le Pacifique sud-est par les ondes de Rossby et l'activité méso-échelle : téléconnexions d'ENSO." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30356/document.
Full textThe oceanic circulation in the subthermocline of the South Eastern Pacific remains poorly documented although this region is thought to play a key role in the climate variability owed to, in particular, the presence of an extended oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) that intervenes in the carbon and nitrogen cycle. The subthermocline in this region is also largely unmonitored and historical estimates of ocean heat content are mostly limited to the upper 500 m. In this thesis we document various oceanic processes at work in the subthermocline based on a regional modeling approach that is designed to take in account the efficient oceanic teleconnection from the equatorial region to the mid-latitudes, in particular at ENSO (El Niño Southern Oscillation) timescales. The focus is on two aspects: (1) the seasonality of the turbulent flow and its role in modulating the OMZ volume off Peru, and (2) the planetary wave fluxes associated with interannual to decadal timescales. It is first shown that the vertical energy flux at interannual timescales can be interpreted as resulting from the vertical propagation of extra-tropical Rossby waves remotely forced from the equatorial region. This flux primarily results from extreme Eastern Pacific El Niño events, despite that a significant fraction of interannual Sea Surface Temperature (SST) variability in the tropical Pacific is also associated with Central Pacific El Niño events and La Niña events. Vertically propagating energy flux at decadal timescales is also evidenced in the model, which, like for the interannual flux, is marginally impacted by mesoscale activity. On the other hand, the wave energy beams experience a marked dissipation in the deep-ocean ( 2000 m) which is interpreted as resulting from vertical diffusivity. While the oxygen field within the OMZ appears to be influenced by the vertical propagation of isopycnals height anomalies, induced by the seasonal Rossby waves, the seasonality of the OMZ is shown to be dominantly associated with the seasonal change in the eddy flux at its boundaries. Implications of the results for the study of both the low-frequency variability of the OMZ and the Earth's energy budget are discussed
Lara, Brozzesi Claude. "La doctrina latinoamericana y el sistema maritimo del Pacifico sudeste /." Ecuador : el Duende, 1993. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37161276s.
Full textNotes bibliogr. p. 319-408. Bibliogr. p. 507-532.
Lara, Brozzesi Claude. "Contribution à l'étude de l'influence normative de la doctrine latino-américaine du droit de la mer sur les politiques juridiques des états riverains du Pacifique Sud-Est /." Lille : Université de Lille 3, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35510026t.
Full textGrob, Carolina. "Contribution des picoeucaryotes photosynthétiques à la biomasse picoplanctonique et au carbone organique particulaire total dans l'océan ouvert." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00811505.
Full textDekaezemacker, Julien. "Etude de la fixation d'azote dans les environnements "déficitaires en azote" : Contribution des diazotrophes unicellulaires et contrôle par la disponibilité nutritive." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4098.
Full textThe objectif of these thesis was to study dinitrogen fixation in marine environments rich but deficient of nitrogen (N) compared to phosphorus (P) in a ratio N:P<16, by using complementary approaches in culture in vitro and in the field in situ. The first part of this work was to evaluate the response of nitrogen-fixing unicellular Cyanobacteria Crocosphaera watsonii faced with micromolar concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) supposed to inhibit nitrogen fixation activity : - after sporadic input, or, - after a long period of acclimatization. The results of these studies have failed to observe the inhibition of nitrogen fixation activities of this organism, suggesting that this process could be active in an area of the Ocean with these same biogeochemical characteristics : the Eastern Tropical South Pacific (ETSP). Indeed, this area is one of the three largest oxygen minimum zones (OMZ) of the Ocean, where intense processes of N losses (denitrification and anammox) took place, resulting in a deficit of N compared to P. Studies assumed that the inverse process, gain of N by nitrogen fixation, could be active in the ETSP but no measurements across the basin have been performed because nitrogen fixation was assumed to occur only in oligotrophic environments, such as the subtropical gyres. In the framework of an international project, cruises took place in this area in February 2010 during a El Niño event and in March-April 2011 during a La Niña event. Results of these two cruises have confirmed that nitrogen fixation was unexpectedly active with an intensity comparable to those reported in oligotrophic areas
Haddam, Naoufel Abdeldjalyl. "Rôle de l’Océan Austral dans les variations climatiques rapides de la dernière transition Glaciaire-Holocène : approche géochimique et micropaléontologique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS555/document.
Full textThe last 22 kyr are marked by abrupt climatic events, non-synchronous between the southern and northern hemispheres. A see-saw mechanism of the polar temperatures, amplified by the deep oceanability to store and release a portion of atmospheric CO₂, depending on the intensity of the thermohaline circulation and the large upwellings along the southern divergence, has been proposed to explain these observations. The main aim of this thesis was to assess the role of the southern ocean during these millennial events, by studying 3 marine cores, retrieved along the Chilean margin, under the influence of oceanic fronts and the westerly winds. The reconstruction of the sea surface temperatures (SST) allowed tracing the evolution of the SST latitudinal gradient during the last 22 kyr, highlighting southward migrations of the Subtropical Front, especially during the deglaciation, marked by benthic and planktonic foraminifera faunal changes which can be interpreted as surface nutrients inputs increase, accompanied by an enrichment of the bottom water [O₂] in the bottom water. These events could be related to stronger upwellings at the southern divergence leading to an increase of the Antarctic intermediate waters ventilation. These changes occur during atmospheric CO₂ increases recorded in Antarctic ice cores, marking the deglaciation, and suggesting an intimate link between upwellings, the intensity of the intermediate waters ventilation, and deep ocean-atmosphere CO₂ transfers
Lara, Brozzesi Claude. "Contribution à l'étude de l'influence normative de la doctrine latino-américaine de la mer sur les politiques juridiques des états riverains du Pacifique sud-est." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376149946.
Full textWu, Chih-Chung. "La conception régionaliste de l'Asie-Pacifique : une étude de son évolution à travers le développement et l'institutionnalisation de ses organisations internationales." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010311.
Full textIn the past fifty years, regionalism in the form of economic and political cooperation has been developing at a rapid speed throughout the world, forming three major "blocs" in which the USA, the EU and Japan are the three pillars who actually dominate the world by way of commercial exchange. Kenichi ohmae describes it as a "triad". In comparison, the eu distinguishes himself by its unity and represents an introverted regionalism, while nafta represents an extroverted regionalism and apec is characterized by open regionalism. Specifically, the Asia-Pacific region, with its rich diversity, draws on various states, need for interdependence and breaks new paths towards a new economic and political development. For economic, political and military reasons, the Asia-Pacific cannot afford to be divided into blocs. Not only economically are the two sides of the Pacific closely interdependent, but also in terms of regional stability and security, with Asian countries needing the strong support of the usa. From our study of Asia-Pacific international organizations like PBEC, PECC, APEC, CSCAP, ASEAN etc. , we can formulate a new definition of regionalism which is based on the existence of ties of solidarity and interdependence on an international level, with close partnership in matters of economy, politics and security forming three pillars at its foundation. This partnership is created in the name of peoples and states concerned, thanks to the development of a legal order that is doubtless of an international nature, but above all peculiar to the interested parties. It is also based on a logic which not only pursues to make war impossible but also to build a common well-being whose legitimity is not undermined by such factors as geographical continuity or cultural, racial and religious affinity. In fact, a regional cooperation, that regroups the most of the Asia-Pacific states, is normal and the same time forced if this group want to play an essential role in the future
Ung, Visotheary. "Nouvelles inférences cladistiques sur la biogéographie historique du Sud-Est asiatique et de la région de l'Ouest du PacifiqueRéflexion sur une approche intégrative de la dimension temporelle en biogéographie historique." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MNHN0010.
Full textHistorical biogeography is the science that deals with relationships between biogeographic areas, understood as set of taxa distributions. The complex geological history of South East Asia and the Indo‐West Pacific region makes it a very interesting area for biogeography studies. We propose a new approach, cladistic, for the study of this area around the famous “Wallace’s line”, placing our study in the paradigm of vicariance where speciation appears following the implementation of a geographic barrier (as opposed to the dispersal model from a center of origin, classically admitted). Indeed, here we use the existing analogy between Systematics and Biogeography to apply cladistics methods for Systematics to Biogeography. This is to answer the question : "Why is there such distributions of taxa in this region of the world ?” The expected results are a better understanding of the evolutionary history of the region and the life history traits of taxa that inhabit it. Provided that the joint distribution of several unrelated taxa cannot be obtained by "chance", thus it is necessarily due to a common event (ie a vicariant event) which affected equally these taxa. The cladistics approach we propose has been made possible by the completion of a software that implements the so‐called 3‐element analysis (3ia) method : LisBeth is now freely available for download from our website and offers new perspectives of analysis to its users, whether systematicians and biogeographers. We show that the representation of characters offered by LisBeth allows new inferences about the existing relationship between areas of endemism studied. We have highlighted the emergence of a general "pattern" from a joint analysis of 35 unrelated taxa (plants and animals). In a second step we are interested in a major theoretical problem of contemporary biogeography : "What about the time dimension in historical biogeography?". How to account unambiguously different time scales during diachronic analyzes ? We propose a model based on the 3ia which allows us to consider the temporal dimension and realize, therefore, true analysis of integrative biogeography
Nguyen, Thi Nguyet Anh. "Trade integration in ASEAN+3 : network, Similarity and Volatility." Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT3014.
Full textIn the context of high economic integration between ASEAN and the three largest economies in East Asia, namely China, Japan and South Korea, this thesis endeavors to study the increasing trade dependence among ASEAN+ 3 countries as well as its impact on trade of each country. Trade structure and factors influencing trade flows within ASEAN + 3 are studied through three complementary methodological approaches: (i) network analysis; (ii) similarity index analysis; and (iii) econometric analysis. The empirical results of our thesis contribute to the literature of international trade by providing a set of important findings. First, ASEAN + 3’s intra-regional trade network is more densely connected than its intraregional FDI network. Further, the advanced economies play the central roles in ASEAN + 3’s trade and FDI network. Second, ASEAN + 3 has experienced a high heterogeneity in the trend and patterns of intra-regional trade among country members. Third, the similarity in ASEAN + 3’s export composition varies among its member states over the observation period. Assuming that the main export competitors are defined as a group of countries sharing the same export community, we show that Japan, Singapore, China, and South Korea form a bloc with the highest export similarity index. Fourth, trade volatility, as well as output volatility in ASEAN + 3, is significantly influenced by export diversification concerning intensive and extensive margins. Finally, the FTAs have promoted trade in ASEAN + 3 market and decreased trade volatility
Croquette, Marie. "Contribution à l'étude de l'upwelling du Pérou Chili." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00184638.
Full textKerdjidj, Kamel. "Application de la petrographie et de la geochimie organique a l'histoire thermique de la partie sud-est du bassin triasique du sahara nord-oriental (algerie)." Orléans, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ORLE2051.
Full textSaint-Mezard, Isabelle. "La Look East policy indienne ou La politique régionaliste de l'Inde à l'égard de l'Asie orientale." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001IEPP0014.
Full textDjath, Bughsin'. "Etude de la dynamique océanique de la mer des Salomon : modélisation numérique à haute résolution." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01069989.
Full textJantarakantee, Pimdaw. "La Thaïlande et le multilatéralisme commercial et financier (OMC et FMI)." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00677288.
Full text