Journal articles on the topic 'Sucrose – Physiological effect'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Sucrose – Physiological effect.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Sucrose – Physiological effect.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Philippou, Koumis, James Ronald, Alfredo Sánchez-Villarreal, Amanda M. Davis, and Seth J. Davis. "Physiological and Genetic Dissection of Sucrose Inputs to the Arabidopsis thaliana Circadian System." Genes 10, no. 5 (May 2, 2019): 334. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes10050334.
Full textAbstract:
Circadian rhythms allow an organism to synchronize internal physiological responses to the external environment. Perception of external signals such as light and temperature are critical in the entrainment of the oscillator. However, sugar can also act as an entraining signal. In this work, we have confirmed that sucrose accelerates the circadian period, but this observed effect is dependent on the reporter gene used. This observed response was dependent on sucrose being available during free-running conditions. If sucrose was applied during entrainment, the circadian period was only temporally accelerated, if any effect was observed at all. We also found that sucrose acts to stabilize the robustness of the circadian period under red light or blue light, in addition to its previously described role in stabilizing the robustness of rhythms in the dark. Finally, we also found that CCA1 is required for both a short- and long-term response of the circadian oscillator to sucrose, while LHY acts to attenuate the effects of sucrose on circadian period. Together, this work highlights new pathways for how sucrose could be signaling to the oscillator and reveals further functional separation of CCA1 and LHY.
2
Martinez-Levy, Ana C., Elisabetta Moneta, Dario Rossi, Arianna Trettel, Marina Peparaio, Eleonora Saggia Civitelli, Gianluca Di Flumeri, Patrizia Cherubino, Fabio Babiloni, and Fiorella Sinesio. "Taste Responses to Chocolate Pudding with Different Sucrose Concentrations through Physiological and Explicit Self-Reported Measures." Foods 10, no. 7 (July 2, 2021): 1527. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10071527.
Full textAbstract:
The past few decades have seen significant methodological and theoretical change within sensory science, including in food sciences. The physiological reaction to the Autonomous Nervous System (ANS) provides insightful information in interpreting consumers’ sensory and affective reactions. In this regard, we investigated how explicit responses of liking and perceived intensity of sensory features (sweet, bitter, and astringency) and implicit objective physiological responses of Heart Rate (HR) and Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) are modulated when varying the sweetness (sucrose concentration with 38; 83; 119; 233 g/kg) level in a cocoa-based product (dark chocolate pudding) and their relationship. The demographic effects on responses were also investigated. Results showed the effects of the sucrose concentration levels on liking and perceived intensity of all the sensory characteristics and on HR responses, which highlighted a significant effect of the sucrose concentration level. As regards the relationship between variables, a significant positive effect was found for the sucrose concentration level 3, where an increase in HR leads to an increase in liking; for the perceived bitterness, a significant positive effect of HR for the sucrose concentration level 1; and for the perceived astringent, a significant positive effect of HR for the sucrose concentration level 2. While we found no significant main effect of gender on our dependent variables, the results highlight a significant main effect of age, increasing the adult population responses. The present research helps to understand better the relationship between explicit and implicit sensory study variables with foods. Furthermore, it has managerial applications for chocolate product developers. The level of sweetness that might be optimal to satisfy at the explicit level (liking) and the implicit level (HR or emotional valence) is identified.
3
Tarelkina, Tatiana V., Ludmila L. Novitskaya, Nadezhda N. Nikolaeva, and Veronica De Micco. "Effect of sucrose exposure on the xylem anatomy of three temperate species." IAWA Journal 39, no. 2 (June 13, 2018): 156–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-20170198.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTThis study is a continuation of research on the role of sucrose in figured wood formation in temperate trees. Different concentrations of sucrose solutions were administered for 7 weeks to trunk tissues ofBetula pendulaRoth, Alnus incana(L.) Moench andPopulus tremulaL. Then xylem anatomy was examined with particular emphasis to the number of vessels and the spatial orientation of xylem elements. InB. pendulaandA. incanaa high level of exogenous sucrose caused a reduction in the number and size of xylem vessels, even to the point of absence of vessels. Sucrose concentrations of 100 and 200 g l-1induced the formation of curly grain and anomalous club-shaped rays in xylem ofB. pendula.Populus tremulaxylem was not significantly altered by the experiment; the xylem anatomy was more seriously affected by wounding than by sucrose. InB. pendulaandA. incanathe wood formed during the experiment was similar to figured wood of these species. The decrease in the number and size of vessels in the xylem formed during the experiment possibly suggests that high concentrations of sucrose lead to a decline in the level of physiologically active auxin. Changes in the orientation of xylem elements points to a disruption of basipetal auxin transport. Further biochemical and physiological studies are needed to provide more comprehensive understanding of the relationship between sucrose and auxin during the development of figure in wood.
4
Ferguson, L. V., N. H. Beckett, M. C. French, M. J. Campbell, T. G. Smith, and S. A. Adamo. "Sugar intake interacts with temperature to influence reproduction and immunity in adult Culex pipiens mosquitoes." Canadian Journal of Zoology 97, no. 5 (May 2019): 424–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2018-0129.
Full textAbstract:
Disease transmission by insect vectors will depend on integrated physiological responses to interacting environmental variables. We explored how interactions between temperature and sucrose concentration affected immunity and fecundity, two variables that contribute to vectorial capacity, in Culex pipiens Linnaeus, 1758 mosquitoes. We provided female C. pipiens with either 2% or 20% sucrose and exposed them to low (22 °C), moderate (25 °C), or high (30 °C) temperatures for 8 days. We then measured the strength of the melanization response in one subpopulation of females and the number of eggs laid as a measure of fecundity in another subpopulation. Temperature interacted with diet to weaken immunity under 2% sucrose at 22 and 25 °C. This effect disappeared at 30 °C, suggesting that high temperatures allowed mosquitoes to compensate for the effects of decreased sucrose. Conversely, increasing temperature increased egg production on a diet of 20% sucrose, but heat exposure on a diet of 2% sucrose decreased fecundity. Overall, we suggest that heat exposure requires investment in thermal protection, which may prompt reconfiguration of the immune system and (or) decreased investment in reproduction. Thus, our understanding of the effects of climate change rest on which physiological system we measure and under which combinations of stressors.
5
Sathya Devi, V., Obiora O. Chidi, and Denis Coleman. "Dominant effect of ethanol in thermal destabilization of bovine serum albumin in the presence of sucrose." Spectroscopy 23, no. 5-6 (2009): 265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/423547.
Full textAbstract:
The thermal melting of bovine serum albumin (BSA) in the presence of excipients like ethanol and sucrose was studied by circular dichroism spectroscopy at physiological pH in phosphate buffered saline. Calculated apparentTmvalues were used to assess the thermal stability using two state fitted experimental curves. 0.5 M sucrose stabilized the BSA indicated by the increase inTmof ∼8°C when compared to theTmof the same solution measured in the absence of sucrose. Conversely, in the presence of varying concentrations of ethanol (2–20%), the protein was destabilized by a decrease of ∽3–10°C ofTm. In the binary mixture of sucrose and ethanol, theTmvalues showed that ethanol dominantly destabilized BSA in the presence of sucrose, possibly by weakening the hydrophobic interactions in the protein.
6
Erin, Nindi Novia, Arif Yachya, Alfinda Novi Kristanti, Djarot Sugiarso, and Yosephine Sri Wulan Manuhara. "Effect of Carbon Source Variations on Growth, Physiological Stress, and Saponin Levels of <i>Talinum paniculatum</i> Gaertn. Adventitious Roots." Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology 7, no. 3 (September 23, 2022): 69359. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jtbb.69359.
Full textAbstract:
Monosaccharide and disaccharide as carbon sources can affect the production of secondary metabolites. The study aims to determine the effect of variations in carbon sources on growth, physiological stress, and saponin levels of the adventitious roots of Talinum paniculatum Gaerthn. Adventitious roots are subculture in liquid MS medium treated with various sugars: 3% sucrose, 3% glucose, 3% fructose, 3% lactose, 3% maltose, 3% dextrose, sucrose + fructose (1.5% + 1.5%), sucrose + glucose (1.5% + 1.5%), glucose + fructose (1.5% + 1.5%), sucrose + dextrose (1.5% + 1.5%) for 6 weeks. The results of this study show that the 3% fructose treatment produces the highest fresh and dry biomass, which are 1.30 g and 0.23 g compared to the control. The morphology of adventitious roots in the treatment of carbon source variation is not different from the control treatment. The highest MDA (malondialdehyde) levels are found in the sucrose + fructose treatment (1.5% + 1.5%). Meanwhile, the highest proline levels are found in the 3% maltose treatment. Saponin levels analyzed using thin layer chromatography show the data in the form of color intensity and stain area based on ImageJ software analysis. The 3% fructose treatment shows the highest color intensity and stain area compared to the control. Variations in carbon sources affect physiological stress, biomass, and saponin levels of adventitious roots of T. paniculatum, but do not effect on root morphology.
7
Davis, J. D., and G. P. Smith. "Learning to sham feed: behavioral adjustments to loss of physiological postingestional stimuli." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 259, no. 6 (December 1, 1990): R1228—R1235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1990.259.6.r1228.
Full textAbstract:
The progressive increase in intake of a concentrated (0.8 M sucrose) solution seen when rats are first exposed to the sham-feeding procedure can be prevented by interspersing two real-feeding tests between each sham-feeding test. Under these conditions, sham intake is significantly larger than real intake but significantly smaller than intake on the fifth consecutive sham-feeding test. This result indicates that there is a learned negative-feedback signal based on the association of the taste and postingestive effects of 0.8 M sucrose which extinguishes under consecutive sham-feeding tests. Analysis of the rate of ingestion during the tests revealed that the conditioned negative-feedback signal operates during the first 6 min of a sham-feeding test that follows real-feeding tests. The effect of the absence of an unconditional negative-feedback signal appears from approximately 6 to approximately 20 min during a sham-feeding test.
8
Gago, Diego, María Ángeles Bernal, Conchi Sánchez, Anxela Aldrey, Beatriz Cuenca, Colin Bruce Christie, and Nieves Vidal. "Effect of Sucrose on Growth and Stress Status of Castanea sativa x C. crenata Shoots Cultured in Liquid Medium." Plants 11, no. 7 (April 1, 2022): 965. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11070965.
Full textAbstract:
Current breeding programs aim to increase the number of ink-tolerant chestnut trees using vegetative propagation of selected genotypes. However, the commercial vegetative propagation of chestnut species is still a bottleneck for the forest industry, mainly due to problems in the rooting and acclimation of propagules. This study aimed to explore the potential benefits of decreasing sucrose supplementation during chestnut micropropagation. Explants were cultured with high light intensity and CO2-enriched air in temporary or continuous immersion bioreactors and with different sucrose supplementation to evaluate the impact of these treatments on growth, rooting and physiological status (monosaccharide content, soluble phenolics and antioxidant activity). The proliferation and rooting performance of shoots cultured by continuous immersion decreased sharply with sucrose concentrations lower than 1%, whereas shoots cultured by temporary immersion grew and rooted successfully with 0.5% sucrose. These results suggest this system is appropriate to culture chestnut with low sucrose concentration and to explore photoautotrophic propagation of this species.
9
Du, Yanli, Qiang Zhao, Liru Chen, Xingdong Yao, Huijun Zhang, Junjiang Wu, and Futi Xie. "Effect of Drought Stress during Soybean R2–R6 Growth Stages on Sucrose Metabolism in Leaf and Seed." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 2 (January 17, 2020): 618. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21020618.
Full textAbstract:
Sucrose is the main photosynthesis product of plants and the fundamental carbon skeleton monomer and energy supply for seed formation and development. Drought stress induces decreased photosynthetic carbon assimilation capacity, and seriously affects seed weight in soybean. However, little is known about the relationship between decreases in soybean seed yield and disruption of sucrose metabolism and transport balance in leaves and seeds during the reproductive stages of crop growth. Three soybean cultivars with similar growth periods, “Shennong17”, “Shennong8”, and “Shennong12”, were subjected to drought stress during reproductive growth for 45 days. Drought stress significantly reduced leaf photosynthetic rate, shoot biomass, and seed weight by 63.93, 33.53, and 41.65%, respectively. Drought stress increased soluble sugar contents, the activities of sucrose phosphate synthase, sucrose synthase, and acid invertase enzymes, and up-regulated the expression levels of GmSPS1, GmSuSy2, and GmA-INV, but decreased starch content by 15.13% in leaves. Drought stress decreased the contents of starch, fructose, and glucose in seeds during the late seed filling stages, while it induced sucrose accumulation, which resulted in a decreased hexose-to-sucrose ratio. In developing seeds, the activities of sucrose synthesis and degradation enzymes, the expression levels of genes related to metabolism, and the expression levels of sucrose transporter genes were enhanced during early seed development under drought stress; however, under prolonged drought stress, all of them decreased. These results demonstrated that drought stress enhances the capacity for unloading sucrose into seeds and activated sucrose metabolism during early seed development. At the middle and late seed filling stages, sucrose flow from leaves to seeds was diminished, and the balance of sucrose metabolism was impaired in seeds, resulting in seed mass reduction. The different regulation strategies in sucrose allocation, metabolism, and transport during different seed development stages may be one of the physiological mechanisms for soybean plants to resist drought stress.
10
Handriani, Irda, Ika Kusuma Nugraheni, and Mariatul Kiptiah. "The effect of sucrose concentration on the transparency of solid soap-based cooking oil." Jurnal Pijar Mipa 17, no. 4 (July 31, 2022): 533–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jpm.v17i4.3703.
Full textAbstract:
This research aimed to identify the effect of sucrose concentration on the transparency of solid soap and to analyze the quality of used cooking oil based on the pH standards of bath soap and the quality requirements of bath soap. Sucrose, a soaping agent, was concentrated at 0%, 7%, 9%, 11%, and 13%, for the test was carried out three times in a row. The test of solid soap was a test of soap transparency, pH, air content, amount of fatty acids, free alkali, free fatty acids, neutral fats, and mineral oil. The results showed that the concentration of sucrose in soap making greatly affected the transparency of soap. The most transparent is a soap with a concentration of 13% sucrose. The quality of soap based on used cooking oil against the pH standard of bath soap has met the standard, and the quality requirements of the Indonesian Nasional Standard for bath soap are appropriate except for the water content and the number of fatty acids.
11
Alecrim, Ademilson De Oliveira, Rubens José Guimarães, Dalyse Toledo Castanheira, Tiago Teruel Rezende, Milene Alves De Figueiredo Carvalho, and Giovani Belutti Voltolini. "SUCROSE IN DETOXIFICATION OF COFFEE PLANTS WITH GLYPHOSATE DRIFT." Coffee Science 14, no. 1 (March 28, 2019): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.25186/cs.v14i1.1527.
Full textAbstract:
<p class="Normal-UFLA"><span lang="EN-US">The weed’ control in coffee plants has great importance, as they compete for light, water and nutrients. The chemical control is the most used, emphasizing the glyphosate, however, when applied, drift can occur and consequently cause injuries to coffee. Many farmers use the sucrose application with the objective to reverse the damage caused by the herbicide drift, even without scientific basis to justify such action. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the sucrose application on the detoxification of coffee plants in the implantation phase with glyphosate drift. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, using a randomized block design, arranged in a 3 x 3 factorial scheme with 2 additional treatments, using 3 sucrose doses (2, 4 and 8%) with 3 application times (1, 24 and 168 hours after intoxication with 10% of the commercial glyphosate dose) with an additional one in which the plants were not intoxicated and not treated with sucrose and the other additional only with plants intoxicated by glyphosate. After 75 days conducting the experiment, growth, physiological and anatomical characteristics were evaluated. The application of sucrose in the reversal of intoxication of growth variables (height, leaf areaThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the sucrose application on the detoxification of coffee plants in the implantation phase with glyphosate drift. number of leaves, shoot dry weight and dry weight of the root system) was not efficient. For the physiological variables the application of 2% sucrose, one hour after glyphosate intoxication was the most efficient treatment.</span></p>
12
Silva, José Carlos da, José Donizeti Alves, Amauri Alves de Alvarenga, Marcelo Murad Magalhães, Dárlan Einstein do Livramento, and Daniela Deitos Fries. "Invertase and sucrose synthase activities in coffee plants sprayed with sucrose solution." Scientia Agricola 60, no. 2 (2003): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162003000200006.
Full textAbstract:
One management practice of which the efficiency has not yet been scientifically tested is spraying coffee plants with diluted sucrose solutions as a source of carbon for the plant. This paper evaluates the effect of foliar spraying with sugar on the endogenous level of carbohydrates and on the activities of invertase and sucrose synthase in coffee (Coffea arabica L.) seedlings with reduced (low) and high (normal) levels of carbon reserve. The concentrations used were 0.5 and 1.0% sucrose, and water as a control. The use of sucrose at 1.0% caused an increase in the concentration of total soluble sugars in depauperate plants, as well as increased the activity of the following enzymes: cell wall and vacuole acid invertase, neutral cytosol invertase and sucrose synthase. In plants with high level of carbon reserve, no increments in total soluble sugar levels or in enzymatic activity were observed. Regardless of treatments or plants physiological state, no differences in transpiration or stomatal conductance were observed, demonstrating the stomatal control of transpiration. Photosynthesis was stimulated with the use of 0.5 and 1.0 % sucrose only in depauperate plants. Coffee seedling spraying with sucrose is only efficient for depauperate plants, at the concentration of 1.0%.
13
Arivalagan, Maruthaiya, and Ramamurthy Somasundaram. "Propiconazole and Salicylic acid alleviate effect of drought stress in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) through biochemical and some physiological characters." Journal of Applied and Advanced Research 1, no. 3 (October 8, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21839/jaar.2016.v1i3.26.
Full textAbstract:
In this study, the protective role of propiconazole (PCZ) and salicylic acid (SA) in relation to biochemical content and some physiological parameters were investigated in drought stressed Sorghum bicolor plants. The pot culture experiment was carried out on Botanical garden, Deportment of Botany, Annamalai University. A 30 Days After Sowing (DAS) plants were subjected to 3, 6, and 9 Days Interval Drought (DID) stress and drought with PCZ at 1 mM and drought with SA at 1 mM at 30, 40, and 50 DAS. The plants irrigated regularly in alternate day interval were kept as control. The plant samples were collected on 60, 70, and 80 DAS from all the treatments. The biochemical contents like starch and sucrose, then physiological parameter like Relative Water Content (RWC) and Electrolyte Leakage (EL) were analysed. Under the drought stress reduced starch and RWC was observed then, sucrose and EL content were increased. The drought with growth regulator treated plants starch and RWC was reduced then, sucrose and EL was increased but it was lower than that of control. Together, our findings demonstrate that, PCZ and SA is an efficient growth regulator with diversified roles that contribute to its potential alleviating effect against drought stress.
14
Loy, Ignacio, and Geoffrey Hall. "Taste Aversion after Ingestion of Lithium Chloride: An Associative Analysis." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section B 55, no. 4b (October 2002): 365–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724990244000070.
Full textAbstract:
In five experiments with rats we examined the aversion established by consumption of a solution of lithium chloride (LiCl). Experiment 1 showed that consumption of LiCl established an aversion to saline (NaCl). Experiment 2 showed that the size of the aversion was reduced in rats given pre-exposure to saline (a latent inhibition effect). Experiment 3 showed that experience of a sucrose-saline compound prior to consumption of LiCl generated an aversion to sucrose (a sensory preconditioning effect). Experiments 4 and 5 examined the effects produced by consumption of a sucrose-LiCl compound and demonstrated reciprocal overshadowing between the two tastes. These results confirm that consumption of LiCl establishes an aversion to the taste of this substance. Their implications for the use of orally consumed LiCl as a technique for the control of predatory behaviour are discussed.
15
Li, Changxia, Meiling Zhang, Nana Qi, Huwei Liu, Zongxi Zhao, Panpan Huang, and Weibiao Liao. "Abscisic Acid Induces Adventitious Rooting in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) by Enhancing Sugar Synthesis." Plants 11, no. 18 (September 9, 2022): 2354. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11182354.
Full textAbstract:
Abscisic acid (ABA) affects many important plant processes, such as seed germination, root elongation and stomatal movement. However, little information is available about the relationship between ABA and sugar synthesis during adventitious root formation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ABA on adventitious root formation in cucumber and whether the effect of this plant hormone on sugar synthesis could be included as a causative factor for adventitious root development. We determined the contents of glucose, sucrose, starch, total sugar and sugar-related enzymes, including sucrose synthase (SS), sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), hexokinase (HK) and pyruvate kinase (PK) activities in ABA treatment. We also quantified the relative expression of sucrose or glucose synthesis genes during this process. Increasing ABA concentrations significantly improved adventitious root formation, with the most considerable effect at 0.05 μM. Compared to the control, ABA treatment showed higher glucose, sucrose, starch and total sugar contents. Moreover, ABA treatment increased glucose-6-phosphate (G6P), fructose-6-phosphate (F6P) and glucose-1-phosphate (G1P) contents in cucumber explants during adventitious root development, which was followed by an increase of activities of sucrose-related enzymes SS and SPS, glucose-related enzymes HK and PK. ABA, meanwhile, upregulated the expression levels of sucrose or glucose synthesis-related genes, including CsSuSy1, CsSuSy6, CsHK1 and CsHK3. These results suggest that ABA may promote adventitious root development by increasing the contents of glucose, sucrose, starch, total sugar, G6P, F6P and G1P, the activities of SS, SPS, HK, SPS and the expression levels of CsSuSy1, CsSuSy6, CsHK1 and CsHK3 genes. These findings provide evidence for the physiological role of ABA during adventitious root formation and provide a new understanding of the possible relationship between ABA and sugar synthesis during adventitious rooting in plants.
16
Ulrich-Lai, Yvonne M., Michelle M. Ostrander, Ingrid M. Thomas, Benjamin A. Packard, Amy R. Furay, C. Mark Dolgas, Daniella C. Van Hooren, et al. "Daily Limited Access to Sweetened Drink Attenuates Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenocortical Axis Stress Responses." Endocrinology 148, no. 4 (April 1, 2007): 1823–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2006-1241.
Full textAbstract:
Stress can promote palatable food intake, and consumption of palatable foods may dampen psychological and physiological responses to stress. Here we develop a rat model of daily limited sweetened drink intake to further examine the linkage between consumption of preferred foods and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis responses to acute and chronic stress. Adult male rats with free access to water were given additional twice-daily access to 4 ml sucrose (30%), saccharin (0.1%; a noncaloric sweetener), or water. After 14 d of training, rats readily learned to drink sucrose and saccharin solutions. Half the rats were then given chronic variable stress (CVS) for 14 d immediately after each drink exposure; the remaining rats (nonhandled controls) consumed their appropriate drinking solution at the same time. On the morning after CVS, responses to a novel restraint stress were assessed in all rats. Multiple indices of chronic stress adaptation were effectively altered by CVS. Sucrose consumption decreased the plasma corticosterone response to restraint stress in CVS rats and nonhandled controls; these reductions were less pronounced in rats drinking saccharin. Sucrose or saccharin consumption decreased CRH mRNA expression in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. Moreover, sucrose attenuated restraint-induced c-fos mRNA expression in the basolateral amygdala, infralimbic cortex, and claustrum. These data suggest that limited consumption of sweetened drink attenuates hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis stress responses, and calories contribute but are not necessary for this effect. Collectively the results support the hypothesis that the intake of palatable substances represents an endogenous mechanism to dampen physiological stress responses.
17
Goliáš, J., and F. Kobza. "Responses of cut carnations to a low oxygen level in the ambient atmosphere." Horticultural Science 30, No. 2 (November 25, 2011): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3814-hortsci.
Full textAbstract:
Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) flowers were subjected to low oxygen to investigate the physiological effects on flower senescence. The effect of ultra low oxygen (0.6–0.8%) led to low accumulation of ethanol that amounted to 8 mg/l in the tissue pulp in 19 days. The content of acetaldehyde showed an exponential decrease in its previous value after a subsequent exposition of cut carnations to air but still at a cold storage temperature. The content of sugars such as sucrose, glucose and fructose linearly decreased with small differences between ULO and RA conditions. The sucrose content was at a trace concentration. Visual symptoms of injury were observed in ULO conditions after 19 days of storage when brown spots appeared at the top of petals.
18
Ghazanfar, Muhammad U., Mubashar Raza, and Waqas Raza. "EFFECT OF PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS ON MASS PRODUCTION OF TRICHODERMA SPECIES." Pakistan Journal of Phytopathology 30, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.33866/phytopathol.030.01.0447.
Full textAbstract:
Mycophagous fungi show antagonistic potential against plant pathogenic fungi and suggested as a promising biocontrol agent that influences by nutritional and environmental parameters. The present research was conducted with the aim to determine optimal environmental and nutritional parameters range for biomass production of Trichoderma. The two species of Trichoderma isolated from rhizosphere of citrus, wheat and tomato of different localities of district Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan and later on effect of temperature, carbon, nitrogen and pH were investigated on three strain of T. harzianum HM, HK, HC and one strain of T. asperellum TH under in vitro conditions. All strains produced statistically sufficient mass production at all temperatures but 25 °C as well as 30 °C were found ideal for mass production of Trichoderma. A substantial difference in mass production of Trichoderma isolates was recorded at different pH levels includes 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0 and 8.0. The pH range from 5.0 to 7.0 found to be optimum for all species of Trichoderma. All fungal species of Tricoderma produced extensive mass production on growth media supplemented with carbon and nitrogen sources such as mannose, glactose, sucrose, lactose and sodium nitrite (NaNO3), potassium nitrate (KNO3), ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) as well as ammonium nitrite (NH4NO3) respectively. The optimal mass production was recorded on carbon supplemented growth medium as compared to nitrogen supplemented growth medium. Therefore, T. harzianum HK produced maximum biomass production on among all isolates of Trichoderma.
19
Grant, Gerald A., Joseph R. Meno, Thien-Son Nguyen, Kathe A. Stanness, Damir Janigro, and H. Richard Winn. "Adenosine-induced modulation of excitatory amino acid transport across isolated brain arterioles." Journal of Neurosurgery 98, no. 3 (March 2003): 554–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.2003.98.3.0554.
Full textAbstract:
Object. Excitatory amino acid (EAA) uptake by neurons and glia acts synergistically with stereoselective transport across the blood—brain barrier (BBB) to maintain EAA homeostasis in the brain. The endogenous neuroprotectant adenosine counteracts many aspects of excitotoxicity by increasing cerebral blood flow and by producing pre- and postsynaptic actions on neurons. In the present study, the authors explored the effect of adenosine on EAA transport across the BBB. Methods. The effects of adenosine on the permeability of the BBB and transport of aspartate and glutamate across the BBB were studied in a well-characterized isolated penetrating cerebral arteriole preparation suitable for simultaneous investigations of changes in diameter and permeability. At concentrations within the physiological to low pathophysiological range (10−7–10−6 M), the net vectorial transport of [3H]l-glutamate or [3H]l-aspartate from blood to brain was significantly attenuated, whereas there was no effect of adenosine on paracellular BBB permeability to [14C]sucrose or [3H]d-aspartate. With higher concentrations of adenosine (10−4 M and 10−3 M) the net vectorial transport of [3H]l-glutamate and [3H]l-aspartate returned toward baseline. At 10−3 M, the permeability to [14C]sucrose was significantly altered, indicating a breakdown in the BBB. The effect of adenosine (10−6 M) was blocked by theophylline, a blocker of the A1 and A2 receptors of adenosine. Conclusions. Adenosine-mediated modulation of glutamate and aspartate transport across the BBB is a novel physiological finding.
20
Hammer, Martin, and Randolf Menzel. "Multiple Sites of Associative Odor Learning as Revealed by Local Brain Microinjections of Octopamine in Honeybees." Learning & Memory 5, no. 1 (May 1, 1998): 146–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/lm.5.1.146.
Full textAbstract:
In a classical conditioning procedure, honeybees associate an odor with sucrose resulting in the capacity of the odor to evoke an appetitive response, the extension of the proboscis (PER). Here, we study the effects of pairing an odor with injections of octopamine (OA) as a substitute for sucrose into three putative brain sites of odor/sucrose convergence. OA injected into the mushroom body (MB) calyces or the antennal lobe but not the lateral protocerebral lobe produces a lasting, pairing-specific enhancement of PER. During pairings, OA injected into the MB calyces results in an additional pairing-specific effect, because it does not lead to an acquisition but a consolidation after conditioning. These results suggest that the neuromodulator OA has the capacity of inducing associative learning in an insect brain. Moreover, they suggest the antennal lobes and the calyces as at least partially independent sites of associating odors that may contribute differently to learning and memory consolidation.
21
Pushpalatha, L. "Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Sucrose by N-Bromonicotinamide NBN." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 57 (August 4, 2015): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-9i841y.
Full textAbstract:
Kinetics study of oxidation of sucrose, by aqueous alkaline solution of N-Bromonicotinamide (NBN) has been carried out in the temperature range 308-323K.The reaction exhibits first order in [NaOH] and [Sucrose] and zero order about oxidant. Addition of nicotinamide (NA) has no effect. Increase in ionic strength of the medium does not change the rate. Effect of temperature on the rate of oxidation has been followed to show the validity of Arrehenius equation and various activation parameters have been computed. The stoichiometry of the reaction was found to be 1:1. 1,2-enediol is found to be the reactive intermediate. Arabinonic acid, glycolic acid and formic acid are the products of oxidation.
22
CHENG, Wei-Jin, Yong-Jie XU, Guang-Ming HUANG, Mohammed M. RAHMAN, Zhi-Yan XIAO, and Qiang-Sheng WU. "Effects of five mycorrhizal fungi on biomass and leaf physiological activities of walnut." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 48, no. 4 (December 22, 2020): 2021–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha48412144.
Full textAbstract:
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can benefit many plants, but their effects on walnuts are not yet known. The present study aimed to analyze the effect of five AMF species, namely, Acaulospora scrobiculata, Diversispora spurca, Glomus etunicatum, G. mosseae and G. versiforme on biomass production, chlorophyll contents, sugar fraction contents, and mineral element contents of walnut (Juglans regia L.) seedlings. The five AMF species colonized roots of walnut, established mycorrhizas in roots and hyphae in soil, and released easily extractable glomalin-related soil protein into soil, whilst D. spurca exhibited the best effect. All the AMF inoculations, except A. scrobiculata, stimulated shoot and root biomass production. Mycorrhizal fungal inoculations collectively increased leaf chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll a+b concentrations, and thus promoted leaf sucrose accumulation, which provides an important mycorrhiza-carbon source to roots. AMF inoculations conferred a positive effect on leaf N, P, K, Mg, Fe, B, Zn and Cu contents, while they reduced leaf Mn contents. These results concluded that AMF were beneficial to the growth and physiological activities of walnut, which gives the support for the AMF application in walnut.
23
Ruiz-Salas, Juan Carlos, L. Gonzalo de la Casa, and Mauricio R. Papini. "Dimensions of sucrose solutions in the successive negative contrast effect." Learning and Motivation 69 (February 2020): 101615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lmot.2020.101615.
Full text
24
Stalbovsky, A. O., V. B. Studnitsky, and M. A. Medvedev. "Effect of sodium nitroprusside on parameters of electrical and contractile activities of lower esophageal sphincter unstriped muscles." Bulletin of Siberian Medicine 3, no. 2 (June 30, 2004): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.20538/1682-0363-2004-2-20-24.
Full textAbstract:
Investigations of electrical and contractile activities of lower esophageal sphincter unstriped muscles under sodium nitroprusside impact have been fulfilled by the method of double sucrose gap. Effect of nitric oxide donor on potassium and calcium membrane conductance has been evaluated, as well as the role of intracellular NO-synthase. Membrane hyperpolarization and contractile activity decrease during the use of sodium nitroprusside and L-NAME have been observed. Conclusion has been drawn of NO effect on potassium membrane conductance as well as of the possible effect on contractile proteins and activation of cAMP-dependent regulation of LES UM physiological functions.
25
Yoshinari, Mototaka, and Alvin Taurog. "Physiological role of thiol proteases in thyroid hormone secretion." Acta Endocrinologica 113, no. 2 (October 1986): 261–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.1130261.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. To determine the physiological role of the thiol proteases in T4 and T3 release from thyroglobulin, experiments were performed with 131I-prelabelled rat thyroid lobes incubated in vitro in the presence and absence of leupeptin, an inhibitor of thiol proteases. Basal secretion of [131I]T4 and [131I]T3 from rat thyroid lobes prelabelled in vivo was quite low, but in the presence of 10 mU/ml bovine TSH a marked stimulatory effect was observed. The stimulatory effect of TSH was completely abolished by leupeptin. This was associated with marked inhibition of lysosomal proteolytic activity, suggesting that the inhibitory effect of leupeptin on T4 and T3 secretion could be attributed to its inhibitory action on proteolysis of thyroglobulin. Further evidence for an inhibitory effect of leupeptin on intralysosomal hydrolysis of thyroglobulin was obtained when thyroid lobes were incubated with 131I- in the presence and absence of leupeptin and TSH. The crude lysosomal preparation was fractionated on a Percoll density gradient, which separates 131I-containing particles into a dense peak containing purified lysosomes and a buoyant peak containing pinocytotic vesicles. A marked increase in the 131I-content of the dense peak was observed in the presence of TSH + leupeptin. Analysis of the 131I in the dense fraction by sucrose density gradient centrifugation and by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis demonstrated that leupeptin inhibited degradation of 19S thyroglobulin, especially the formation of [131I]peptides of MW < 14K.
26
Hong, Ha Rim, Eun Ui Oh, Seung Gab Han, Su Hyun Yun, Ho Bang Kim, and Kwan Jeong Song. "Characterization of Soluble Sugar Content, Related Enzyme Activity and Gene Expression in the Fruits of ‘Minihyang’ Mandarin on Different Rootstocks." Horticulturae 8, no. 1 (January 4, 2022): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8010047.
Full textAbstract:
‘Minihyang’ mandarin bears fruits with small size and high sugar content. ‘Minihyang’ mandarin grafted on trifoliate orange (TO) tends to be vigorous and develops water sprout open. It is associated with insufficient floral differentiation and fruit set. Recently, the use of Flying Dragon (FD) as rootstock with a high dwarf effect has been proposed to improve this situation. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of two different rootstock genotypes on tree growth, fruit yield, and fruit quality at the physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels. As a result of the study, in FD, tree vigor was stably maintained, fruit size was large, and the sugar content was high compared to the TO. Fructose, glucose, and sucrose of fruit continued to increase from development to maturity. In particular, fructose and sucrose were significantly higher in the fruits of the FD than those in TO at 150 and 220 days after anthesis. The total sugar content was also significantly higher in the fruit of the FD. The activities of SPS and SS associated with sucrose synthesis tended to be increased during the fruit maturity season, but there was no significant difference between the two rootstocks. On the other hand, the activities of SS and AI breaking down sucrose were high in FD at 150 and 220 days after anthesis. These results suggest that the unloading of sucrose might be increased and affect the sugar content. However, the results of real-time PCR analysis of gene expression related to sucrose metabolism did not show an association with changes in enzyme activity affecting sugar content. Therefore, further detailed studies on the process after the regulation of gene expression are likely to be needed.
27
Tsang, Raymond, Ziliang Ao, and Chris Cheeseman. "Influence of vascular and luminal hexoses on rat intestinal basolateral glucose transport." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 72, no. 4 (April 1, 1994): 317–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y94-048.
Full textAbstract:
The influence of luminal and vascular hexoses in rats on glucose transport across the jejunal basolateral membrane (BLM) was measured using isolated membrane vesicles prepared from infused animals. In vivo vascular infusions of glucose produced an increase in glucose transport across BLM vesicles. Sucrose, mannose, galactose, and fructose had no significant effect. Plasma glucose concentrations were unaffected by galactose and sucrose vascular infusions, while mannose and fructose produced a modest rise, and glucose increased plasma glucose to 20 mM. Insulin release was significantly increased by vascular infusion of glucose and fructose, while mannose produced only a small sustained rise. Sucrose and galactose had no effect. Perfusion through the lumen of the rat jejunum in vivo, for up to 4 h, with glucose, fructose, sucrose, or lactate (100 or 25 mM) produced a significant increase in the maximal rate of glucose transport (up to 4- to 5-fold) across BLMs. Galactose and mannose had no effect. Luminal glucose perfusion produced a small nonsignificant increase in glucose inhibitable cytochalasin B binding to BLM vesicles, and no change was seen in the microsomal pool of binding sites. The abundance of GLUT2 in the jejunal BLM, as determined by Western blotting, was unaffected by luminal perfusion of 100 mM glucose for 4 h. Fructose almost completely inhibited the carrier-mediated uptake of glucose in control and upregulated jejunal BLM vesicles. These results are discussed in relation to the physiological role of the upregulation of GLUT2 activity by luminal and vascular hexoses.Key words: intestinal transport, basolateral membrane, glucose transport, intestinal adaptation.
28
Devine, Malcolm D., Hank D. Bestman, and William H. Vanden Born. "Physiological Basis for the Different Phloem Mobilities of Chlorsulfuron and Clopyralid." Weed Science 38, no. 1 (January 1990): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500056034.
Full textAbstract:
Foliar-applied clopyralid was translocated much more readily than chlorsulfuron in the phloem of Tartary buckwheat plants. This result was not due to greater penetration of clopyralid into the treated leaf or to greater retention of chlorsulfuron in the cuticle. Experiments with excised leaf disks indicated that chlorsulfuron was taken up more readily by the leaf tissue and accumulated in the tissue to a higher concentration than clopyralid. Both herbicides effluxed readily from the tissue after transfer to herbicide-free medium, indicating that the accumulation was not due to irreversible binding within the tissue. Chlorsulfuron (2.8 nmol) applied with14C-sucrose reduced14C export from the treated leaf. Chlorsulfuron also reduced export of14C following exposure of the treated leaf to14CO2at 6, 12, or 24 h after herbicide application. This effect of chlorsulfuron could be partially reversed by pretreating the plants with a combination of 1 mM valine, leucine, and isoleucine. In similar experiments clopyralid had no effect on assimilate transport. It is concluded that phloem translocation of chlorsulfuron in sensitive species is limited by a rapid, indirect effect on phloem transport that reduces both its own translocation and that of assimilate.
29
Foley, Michael E. "Effect of Soluble Sugars and Gibberellic Acid in Breaking Dormancy of Excised Wild Oat (Avena fatua) Embryos." Weed Science 40, no. 2 (June 1992): 208–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500057246.
Full textAbstract:
Dormant line M73 wild oat caryopses were utilized to develop a system for the culture of excised embryos, to evaluate whether embryo dormancy exists, and to investigate the physiological basis for breaking dormancy. Dormant embryos cultured on N6 medium solidified with 0.25% Bacto agar displayed 70% germination in 2 d compared with approximately 20% for the other gelling agents. The non-plant-based gelling agent gellum at a concentration of 0.25% was selected for further experiments on breaking dormancy after it was determined that concentrations ≥ 0.5% decreased the rate of germination. Amending N6 medium with concentrations of 0.1 to 10 μM gibberellic acid (GA) increased the rate and extent of germination. Embryos treated with 0 to 0.01 μM GA required 6 d to attain 90% germination. Germination of dormant embryos on N6 medium without GA suggested that either true embryo dormancy did not exist in M73 or some constituent of the N6 medium promoted breaking of dormancy. Subsequent experiments indicated that the 88 mM sucrose was the constituent in the N6 medium responsible for breaking dormancy. Concentrations of sucrose from 40 to 200 mM were effective in breaking dormancy. Ten μM GA increased the rate and extent of germination of embryos cultured with 88 to 200 mM sucrose. At 88 mM, fructose, maltose, glucose, and sucrose all broke embryo dormancy. Fructose was the most active soluble sugar for breaking embryo dormancy, promoting nearly 100% germination in 4 d. As with sucrose, there was an interaction between GA and the soluble sugars in breaking dormancy. Ten μM GA with 88 mM fructose provided nearly 100% germination in 1 d. Amylose, but not amylopectin or pullulan, may substitute for soluble sugars. However, with 10 μM GA amylose, amylopectin and pullulan were equally effective in breaking dormancy. Breaking dormancy of embryos on N6 medium was independent of temperatures from 12 to 24 C in the presence of GA, but in its absence the optimum was 12 C. Application of GA to dormant caryopses significantly increased and decreased the level of glucose and sucrose, respectively, in the embryo. Gibberellic acid had a similar effect on glucose and sucrose in the endosperm tissue, except the differences were not significant at all times after treatment. The change in carbohydrate metabolism, especially in embryo tissue, may be important when considered in context with the observation that soluble sugars and GA act independently in breaking dormancy in excised M73 embryos. Breaking wild oat embryo dormancy with GA may be mainly a substitution for sugar requirement.
30
Bevan, J. A., and E. H. Joyce. "Comparable sensitivity of flow contraction and relaxation to Na reduction may reflect flow-sensor characteristics." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 263, no. 1 (July 1, 1992): H182—H187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1992.263.1.h182.
Full textAbstract:
Physiological salt solution infused through the lumen of a resistance branch of the rabbit central ear artery mounted in an isometric myograph causes both contraction and relaxation. The effect of reductions in extracellular Na up to 26 mM (20% of the NaCl content of the physiological saline solution) on these flow-induced changes in wall force and on the contraction to norepinephrine (10(-6) M) and relaxation to acetylcholine (10(-8) to 3 x 10(-6) M) and papaverine (10(-6) to 3 x 10(-5) M) has been studied. Na in the physiological saline solution was reduced by substitution of NaCl with sucrose or N-methyl-D-glucamine. The effect of either of these substitutions was to reduce both responses, contraction and relaxation, to the same extent. This sensitivity is such that physiological changes in blood Na concentration would be expected to influence flow-induced changes in wall tone. Responses to norepinephrine, acetylcholine, and papaverine were not significantly changed by these alterations in Na. It is argued that since reduction of extracellular Na diminished both contraction and relaxation to a similar extent, leading to relaxation and contraction respectively, that this effect probably occurs at a site common to both flow responses. Because both flow effects occur after endothelium removal and the extracellular matrix binds a large proportion of the Na in the blood vessel wall, this may represent the location of a flow-sensitive mechanism.
31
Fiedorek, F. T., and M. A. Permutt. "Proinsulin mRNA levels in fasting and fed ADX rats: evidence for an indirect effect of glucocorticoids." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 256, no. 2 (February 1, 1989): E303—E308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1989.256.2.e303.
Full textAbstract:
To determine whether glucocorticoids are required to maintain pancreatic proinsulin mRNA levels during dietary manipulation, rats were adrenalectomized (ADX) or sham operated (SO) and subsequently fasted or pair fed for 2 days. Proinsulin mRNA concentrations were 54 +/- 8% lower (P less than 0.05) in fed ADX rats and 47 +/- 10% lower (P less than 0.01) in fasted ADX rats relative to values in fed and fasted SO rats, respectively. When ADX rats were fasted for 24 h and either refed 20% sucrose for 30 h or injected with dexamethasone (DEX) 0.125 mg/kg ip every 12 h for three doses, circulating plasma glucose levels were restored and pancreatic proinsulin mRNA concentrations rose 3.3 and 2.7-fold, respectively (each P less than 0.05). Plasma glucose and proinsulin mRNA levels (n = 40) were correlated (r = 0.58, P less than 0.0001). We conclude that the regulation of proinsulin mRNA concentration does not absolutely require endogenous glucocorticoids, since either adequate sucrose intake in ADX rats or physiological glucocorticoid responses in fasted rats suffice to restore pancreatic mRNA concentrations. It appears that glucocorticoid stimulation of pancreatic proinsulin mRNA levels is mediated indirectly through its regulation of glucose metabolism.
32
Isachenko, E., V. Isachenko, J. M. Weiss, R. Kreienberg, I. I. Katkov, M. Schulz, A. G.-M. I. Lulat, M. J. Risopatrón, and R. Sánchez. "Acrosomal status and mitochondrial activity of human spermatozoa vitrified with sucrose." REPRODUCTION 136, no. 2 (August 2008): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-07-0463.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigates the ability of sucrose to protect spermatozoa against mitochondrial damage, artificial cryoinduction of capacitation, and acrosome reaction. Spermatozoa were isolated using the swim-up procedure performed using three different media: (a) human tubal fluid (HTF, control) medium; (b) HTF with 1% human serum albumin (HSA); and (c) HTF with 1% HSA and 0.25 M sucrose. From each group, 30 μl suspensions of cells were dropped directly into liquid nitrogen and stored for at least 24 h. Cells were thawed by quickly submerging the spheres in HTF with 1% HSA at 37 °C with gentle agitation. Sperm motility, viability, mitochondrial membrane potential integrity, spontaneous capacitation, and acrosome reaction were investigated. Sperm viability, acrosome reaction, and capacitation were detected using the double fluorescence chlortetracycline-Hoechst 33258 staining technique. Mitochondrial function was evaluated using a unique fluorescent cationic dye, 5,5′,6,6′-tetrachloro-1-1′,3,3′-tetraethyl-benzamidazolocarbocyanin iodide, commonly known as JC-1. The number of progressively motile spermatozoa was significantly higher in the sucrose-supplemented medium group (57.1±3.2%,P<0.05) when compared with controls (19.4±1.9%). The combination of HSA and sucrose (65.2±2.6%) has a stronger cryoprotective effect on the integrity of mitochondrial membrane potential (P<0.05) compared with HSA alone (32.6±4.7%). In conclusion, vitrification of human spermatozoa with non-permeable cryoprotectants such as HSA and sucrose can effectively cryopreserve the cells without significant loss of important physiological parameters.
33
Widyastuti, Ika Betty, Prapto Yudono, and Eka Tarwaca Susila Putra. "Effects of auxin and cytokinin levels on the success of air layering in tea plant clones of GMB 7 and GMB 9 using husk charcoal, cocopeat and moss media." Ilmu Pertanian (Agricultural Science) 5, no. 2 (July 2, 2020): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ipas.53019.
Full textAbstract:
The research aimed to propagate tea plants by air layering in order to obtain new plants with shorter immature plants period (TBM), which is 1.5 years, by utilizing wasted branches from routine clean pruning activities in tea plantations. The research was conducted from August 2018 to January 2019 at tea plantation of PT. Pagilaran, Batang, Central Java. Experiment using single factor treatment was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design with three replications. The treatment was layering media, consisting of husk charcoal, moss, and cocopeat, which were applied on GMB 7 and GMB 9 clones. The results showed significant effects of the layering media on the levels of auxin and cytokinin in GMB 7. The highest levels were found in the husk charcoal and moss media. Analysis of sucrose, glucose and total sugar as well as the physiological analysis of the air layering roots showed no significant difference in the fresh weight, dry weight, volume, surface area, diameter, and length of the roots. Husk charcoal resulted in the highest success rate of the air layering in GMB 7, which was 100%. Meanwhile, GMB 9 showed significant difference only in the auxin levels. There was no significant effect of layering media on the analysis of sucrose, glucose and total sugar as well as on the physiological analysis of the air layering roots. Both husk charcoal and moss media resulted in the highest success rate of the air layering in GMB 9, which was 58.33%.
34
Kreth, J., E. Hagerman, K. Tam, J. Merritt, D. T. W. Wong, B. M. Wu, N. V. Myung, W. Shi, and F. Qi. "Quantitative analyses of Streptococcus mutans biofilms with quartz crystal microbalance, microjet impingement and confocal microscopy." Biofilms 1, no. 4 (October 2004): 277–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479050504001516.
Full textAbstract:
Microbial biofilm formation can be influenced by many physiological and genetic factors. The conventional microtiter plate assay provides useful but limited information about biofilm formation. With the fast expansion of the biofilm research field, there are urgent needs for more informative techniques to quantify the major parameters of a biofilm, such as adhesive strength and total biomass. It would be even more ideal if these measurements could be conducted in a real-time, non-invasive manner. In this study, we used quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and microjet impingement (MJI) to measure total biomass and adhesive strength, respectively, of S. mutans biofilms formed under different sucrose concentrations. In conjunction with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and the COMSTAT software, we show that sucrose concentration affects the biofilm strength, total biomass, and architecture in both qualitative and quantitative manners. Our data correlate well with previous observations about the effect of sucrose on the adherence of S. mutans to the tooth surface, and demonstrate that QCM is a useful tool for studying the kinetics of biofilm formation in real time and that MJI is a sensitive, easy-to-use device to measure the adhesive strength of a biofilm.
35
Williams, Diana L., Denis G. Baskin, and Michael W. Schwartz. "Evidence that Intestinal Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Plays a Physiological Role in Satiety." Endocrinology 150, no. 4 (December 12, 2008): 1680–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2008-1045.
Full textAbstract:
A physiological role in satiety is proposed for glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), secreted by the distal intestine in response to ingested nutrients. Here we report that in rats, ip injection of the GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1-R) antagonist exendin 9-39 (Ex9) elicited hyperphagia, but only at times of day when intake is otherwise low. Furthermore, ip administration of Ex9 attenuated satiety induced by either a voluntarily consumed sucrose meal (by 100%) or an intragastric glucose load (by 40%). To determine whether these effects involve blockade of GLP-1-R in brain or at a peripheral site, we injected Ex9 either centrally (into the third ventricle) or peripherally (ip) prior to GLP-1 injected either centrally or peripherally. Anorexia induced by peripheral GLP-1 was fully blocked by peripheral, but not central, pretreatment with Ex9, whereas the opposite was true for anorexic effect of central GLP-1. Thus, ip Ex9 appears to attenuate satiety via peripheral GLP-1-R blockade. Finally, anorexia induced by ip injection of exendin-4 (a GLP-1-R agonist) was due to both reduced meal size and increased duration between meals. We conclude that GLP-1 released from the intestine in response to ingested nutrients is a physiologically active satiety signal.
36
Borodkina, L. E., Yu A. Smolnyakova, E. A. Muzyko, Ya V. Tivon, Ya V. Tivon, and I. N. Tyurenkov. "EFFECT OF HEPTRAL ONTHE COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS OF RATS AFTER CHRONIC ALCOHOL INTOXICATION." Journal of Volgograd State Medical University 19, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.19163/1994-9480-2022-19-1-153-157.
Full textAbstract:
t. The aim of this study was assess the effect of the heptral on the cognitive functions of female rats exposed to chronic alcohol intoxication (CAI). CAI was modeled with 6-month replacement of drinking water with a 10% solution of ethyl alcohol with sucrose (50 g/l). The "One-way step-down inhibitory (“passive”) avoidance test", "Extrapolation escape task test", "Novel object recognition test" and "Barnes maze test" were carried out at the age of 16 months. The experimental data obtained indicate that there is impairment in preservation of the memory track in female rats after CAI. Heptral neutralized cognitive impairment in animals exposed to prolonged alcohol abuse.
37
Batista, Thiago Barbosa, Eliana Duarte Cardoso Binotti, Flávio Ferreira da Silva Binotti, Marco Eustáquio de Sá, and Tiago Alexandre da Silva. "PRIMING OF BRACHIARIA SEEDS WITH DIFFERENT SUGAR SOURCES AND CONCENTRATIONS." Revista Caatinga 31, no. 4 (December 2018): 843–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252018v31n406rc.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Seed priming is a practice for improving the expression of seed physiological potential. Such technique consists of synchronizing and reducing the time of seed germination by controlled hydration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of seed-priming with different sugar sources and concentrations on the physiological quality Urochloa brizantha seeds and initial seedling performance. Before treating, seeds were scarified chemically with concentrated sulphuric acid (H2SO4) for 5 minutes to overcome physical dormancy. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 3 x 6 factorial scheme consisting of priming using three sugar sources (glucose, sucrose, and maltose) and six concentrations (zero [water control], 2%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%), with four replicates. The seeds were primed by direct immersion for 2 hours at 25 ºC and, after hydration, they were dried for moisture equilibrium recovery. Seed germination, vigor, viability, and initial seedling growth were evaluated. The results showed that glucose was the source able to promote beneficial effects on the germination of U. brizantha cv. MG-5 seeds. Moreover, the supply of glucose at the concentrations of 2 and 5% for physiological conditioning increased seedling dry phytomass.
38
Rohmah, Laila Ainur, Dian Latifah, Fitri Fatma Wardani, Aulia Hasan Widjaya, and Kumala Dewi. "Cryopreservation of Hopea odorata Roxb. Seed : Effect of Cryoprotectan Treatment on Physiological and Biochemical Change." Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology 7, no. 1 (April 4, 2022): 67360. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jtbb.67360.
Full textAbstract:
Hopea odorata Roxb. is a forest plant from Dipterocarpaceae family that play a crusial economic and ecological functions. Its propagation from generative materials is limited because of the recalcitrant seed. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of cryoprotectant and cryopreservation treatment as an alternative seed storage technique on the physiological and biochemical change of H. odorata seeds. Fresh seeds were treated with two cryoprotectan, PVS1 (mannitol) and PVS2 (DMSO 15% (w/v), ethylene glycol 15% (w/v) and glycerol 30% (w/v). in 0.4 M sucrose) with different concentration (25, 50, 75 and 100% (w/v)) and immersion time (30, 60, 90 and 120 min). Seeds were stored at room temperature (28±2⁰C) for evaluation of cryoprotectant toxicity and in liquid nitrogen (-196±2⁰C) for 24 hours. In room temperature storage, seed were immersion into 100%, 75% and 50% of PVS1 showed higher germination value (germination percentage, germination rate, vigour index, maximum growth potensial) and lower biochemical accumulation (electrolyte leakage, total malondialdehyde, total phenol) than PVS2. Cryoprotectant and cryopreservation treatments in this study was not suitable to increase the viability of H. odorata seed. Seeds were unable to germinate cause tissue necrosis and increase of total malondialdehyde.
39
Tsikunib, A. D., and A. Kh Alimkhanova. "CORRELATION OF SUCROSE EXCESSIVE CONSUMPTION AND TASTE SENSITIVITY AND INTESTINAL BIORHYTHMS IN TEENAGE GIRLS." Ulyanovsk Medico-biological Journal, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 98–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.34014/2227-1848-2020-4-98-109.
Full textAbstract:
Excessive sucrose consumption is one of the most common nutritional disorders, a risk factor for the development of socially significant diseases, including insulin-independent diabetes mellitus, obesity, and cardiovascular disorders. At the same time, the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of the sucrose effect on the body are traditionally correlated with its significant glycemic effect, which changes the hormonal panel of the body. However, there are practically no data on sucrose efficacy (as a chemical food component) on particular phases of digestion. The aim of the study is to reveal the level of taste sensitivity and the state of the circadian intestinal rhythm under excessive sucrose consumption. Materials and Methods. Taste sensitivity to sucrose and the state of the circadian intestinal rhythm were studied in 43 nominally healthy teenage girls aged 11–14 years, belonging to two ethnic groups: Adyghe (n=25) and Chechen (n=18). The girls were divided into two groups according to the sucrose consumption level (SCL): normal SCL (49.9±7.45 g/day) and high SCL (77.1±5.50 g/day). Results. Regular excessive sucrose consumption, correlating with zinc (by 1.9 times/r=-0.83), vitamin B9 (by 3.7 times/r=-0.83, p<0.05) and vitamin B12 (by 1.8 times/r=-0.86, p<0.01) deficiency, reduced the taste sensitivity to sweets in 40.7 % of girls belonging to the group with high SCL. Dysnutrition in terms of mealtime and food intake frequency and sucrose excessive consumption together with deficit in dietary fibers (by 4.5 times/r=-0.87, p<0.01) in teenagers from the group with high SCL tended to disrupt the regularity of circadian intestinal rhythm: mild stage was observed in 29.6 %, moderate stage – in 22.2 % and severe stage - in 11.1 %. Conclusion. Regular excessive sucrose consumption reduced the taste sensitivity to sweets in teenage girls, contributing to the formation of nutritional-gustatory and physiological-psychological dependence on sucrose consumption, and acted as a risk factor for bradyenteria development. Keywords: taste sensitivity, sucrose, circadian rhythm of intestinal functioning. Избыточное потребление сахарозы является одним из наиболее распространенных нарушений питания, фактором риска развития целого ряда социально значимых заболеваний, в т.ч. инсулиннезависимого сахарного диабета, ожирения, сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. При этом физиолого-биохимические механизмы воздействия сахарозы на организм традиционно связываются с ее значительным гликемическим эффектом, меняющим гормональный профиль организма, а данные, рассматривающие сахарозу как химический компонент пищи, способный повлиять на эффективность отдельных этапов пищеварения, практически отсутствуют. Цель исследования – выявить уровень вкусовой чувствительности и состояние циркадианного ритма функционирования кишечника в условиях избыточного потребления сахарозы. Материалы и методы. Вкусовая чувствительность к сахарозе и состояние циркадианного ритма функционирования кишечника исследованы у 43 условно здоровых девочек-подростков в возрасте 11–14 лет, принадлежащих к двум этническим группам: адыгской (n=25) и чеченской (n=18), с разделением на две группы по уровню потребления сахарозы (УПС): нормальный УПС (49,9±7,45 г/сут) и высокий УПС (77,1±5,50 г/сут). Результаты. Регулярное избыточное потребление сахарозы, коррелирующее с недостаточностью в рационах питания цинка в 1,9 раза (r=-0,83), витаминов В9 (r=-0,83, р<0,05) и В12 (r=-0,86, р<0,01) в 3,7 и 1,8 раза соответственно, снижает вкусовую чувствительность к сладкому у 40,7 % девочек из группы с высоким УПС. Нарушения режима питания по времени и кратности приема пищи и питание, избыточное по сахарозе, но дефицитное по содержанию пищевых волокон в 4,5 раза (r=-0,87, р<0,01), у подростков из группы с высоким УПС выступают риском нарушения регулярности циркадианного кишечного ритма: легкой стадии – у 29,6 %, умеренной – у 22,2 % и тяжелой – у 11,1 %. Выводы. Регулярное избыточное потребление сахарозы снижает у девочек-подростков вкусовую чувствительность к сладкому, способствуя формированию нутриционно-вкусовой и физиолого-психологической зависимости от потребления сахарозы, и выступает фактором риска развития брадиэнтерий. Ключевые слова: вкусовая чувствительность, сахароза, циркадианный ритм функционирования кишечника.
40
Luo, Yin, Yanyang Xie, Weiqiang Li, Maohuan Wei, Tian Dai, Zhen Li, and Bozhi Wang. "Physiological and Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal Exogenous Trehalose Is Involved in the Responses of Wheat Roots to High Temperature Stress." Plants 10, no. 12 (December 1, 2021): 2644. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10122644.
Full textAbstract:
High temperature stress seriously limits the yield and quality of wheat. Trehalose, a non-reducing disaccharide, has been shown involved in regulating plant responses to a variety of environmental stresses. This study aimed to explore the molecular regulatory network of exogenous trehalose to improve wheat heat tolerance through RNA-sequencing technology and physiological determination. The physiological data and RNA-seq showed that trehalose reduced malondialdehyde content and relative conductivity in wheat roots, and affecting the phenylpropane biosynthesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and other pathways. Our results showed that exogenous trehalose alleviates the oxidative damage caused by high temperature, coordinating the effect of wheat on heat stress by re-encoding the overall gene expression, but two wheat varieties showed different responses to high temperature stress after trehalose pretreatment. This study preliminarily revealed the effect of trehalose on gene expression regulation of wheat roots under high temperature stress, which provided a reference for the study of trehalose.
41
Kaushal, Neeru, Rashmi Awasthi, Kriti Gupta, Pooran Gaur, Kadambot H. M. Siddique, and Harsh Nayyar. "Heat-stress-induced reproductive failures in chickpea (Cicer arietinum) are associated with impaired sucrose metabolism in leaves and anthers." Functional Plant Biology 40, no. 12 (2013): 1334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp13082.
Full textAbstract:
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), in its reproductive stage, is sensitive to heat stress (32/20°C or higher as day/night temperatures) with consequent substantial loss of potential yields at high temperatures. The physiological mechanisms associated with reproductive failures have not been established: they constitute the basis of this study. Here, we initially screened a large core-collection of chickpea against heat stress and identified two heat-tolerant (ICC15614, ICCV. 92944) and two heat-sensitive (ICC10685, ICC5912) genotypes. These four genotypes were sown during the normal time of sowing (November–March) and also late (February–April) to expose them to heat stress during reproductive stage (>32/20°C). The genotypes were assessed for damage by heat stress to the leaves and reproductive organs using various indicators of stress injury and reproductive function. In the heat-stressed plants, phenology accelerated as days to flowering and podding, and biomass decreased significantly. The significant reduction in pod set (%) was associated with reduced pollen viability, pollen load, pollen germination (in vivo and in vitro) and stigma receptivity in all four genotypes. Heat stress inhibited pollen function more in the sensitive genotypes than in the tolerant ones, and consequently showed significantly less pod set. Heat stress significantly reduced stomatal conductance, leaf water content, chlorophyll, membrane integrity and photochemical efficiency with a larger effect on heat-sensitive genotypes. Rubisco (carbon-fixing enzyme) along with sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) and sucrose synthase (SS) (sucrose-synthesising enzymes) decreased significantly in leaves due to heat stress leading to reduced sucrose content. Invertase, a sucrose-cleaving enzyme, was also inhibited along with SPS and SS. The inhibition of these enzymes was significantly greater in the heat-sensitive genotypes. Concurrently, the anthers of these genotypes had significantly less SPS and SS activity and thus, sucrose content. As a result, pollen had considerably lower sucrose levels, resulting in reduced pollen function, impaired fertilisation and poor pod set in heat-sensitive genotypes.
42
Radzevičius, Audrius, Sandra Sakalauskienė, Mindaugas Dagys, Rimantas Simniškis, Rasa Karklelienė, Danguolė Juškevičienė, Roma Račkienė, and Aušra Brazaitytė. "Differential Physiological Response and Antioxidant Activity Relative to High-Power Micro-Waves Irradiation and Temperature of Tomato Sprouts." Agriculture 12, no. 3 (March 17, 2022): 422. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12030422.
Full textAbstract:
Among the various types of stress, microwaves and temperature can induce major impacts on plant growth. There is information describing the thermal impact of microwaves on living organisms, but it is necessary to segregate the warming effect and direct impact of microwaves irradiation on plants. It was detected that High Power Microwaves (HPM) (9.3 GHz) and elevated temperature exposure upon tomato seeds and sprouts in primary ontogenetic stages showed a slightly incentive effect on plant-growing indicators such as dry mass, fresh mass, plants height, and assimilation area. Such a positive effect on plant growing parameters could be related to saccharides distribution by microwaves in seeds or plants and nutrients mobilization. Moreover, tomato plants (+R) and seeds (R) irradiation significantly reduced the content of non-structural carbohydrates (raphinose, glucose, fructose, and sucrose). Obtained results confirm that a common plant acclimatization response to various environmental elements is the concentration of secondary metabolites and antioxidants.
43
Kwok, Dorothy WS, and Robert A. Boakes. "Situational relevance: Context as a factor in serial overshadowing of taste aversion learning." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 72, no. 2 (January 1, 2018): 263–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2017.1338739.
Full textAbstract:
In a serial overshadowing procedure, a target stimulus, A, is followed after an interval by a potentially interfering stimulus, B, and this is then followed by an unconditioned stimulus (US). An untested proposal from over four decades ago was that the degree to which B overshadows conditioning of A depends on whether or not the two events take place in the same context. To test this, two experiments used a 1-trial long-delay conditioned taste aversion (CTA) procedure: sucrose served as the target taste (A) and dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl) as the overshadowing taste (B), with lithium chloride injection providing the US. In Experiment 1, these tastes were novel: weaker overshadowing by HCl of an aversion to sucrose was found when the two tastes were presented in different contexts. Experiment 2 tested whether the effect of pre-exposure to HCl, thereby rendering it less effective in overshadowing a sucrose aversion, was also context dependent. In the conditioning session, rats again received either context-same or context-different presentations of sucrose and HCl. However, for some rats, HCl was pre-exposed in the same context to which it was later presented during conditioning (Consistent), while others were pre-exposed to HCl in a different context to the one in which it was presented during conditioning (Inconsistent). The Inconsistent group produced greater overshadowing than the Consistent group and thus confirmed that the latent inhibition effect was also context dependent. This study confirms the concept of situational relevance.
44
Liu, Huanju, Jiajun Li, Xinyue Chang, Feng He, and Jun Ma. "Modeling Obesity-Associated Ovarian Dysfunction in Drosophila." Nutrients 14, no. 24 (December 16, 2022): 5365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14245365.
Full textAbstract:
We perform quantitative studies to investigate the effect of high-calorie diet on Drosophila oogenesis. We use the central composite design (CCD) method to obtain quadratic regression models of body fat and fertility as a function of the concentrations of protein and sucrose, two major macronutrients in Drosophila diet, and treatment duration. Our results reveal complex interactions between sucrose and protein in impacting body fat and fertility when they are considered as an integrated physiological response. We verify the utility of our quantitative modeling approach by experimentally confirming the physiological responses—including increased body fat, reduced fertility, and ovarian insulin insensitivity—expected of a treatment condition identified by our modeling method. Under this treatment condition, we uncover a Drosophila oogenesis phenotype that exhibits an accumulation of immature oocytes and a halt in the production of mature oocytes, a phenotype that bears resemblance to key aspects of the human condition of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Our analysis of the dynamic progression of different aspects of diet-induced pathophysiology also suggests an order of the onset timing for obesity, ovarian dysfunction, and insulin resistance. Thus, our study documents the utility of quantitative modeling approaches toward understanding the biology of Drosophila female reproduction, in relation to diet-induced obesity and type II diabetes, serving as a potential disease model for human ovarian dysfunction.
45
Radchevsky, Pyotr, Vladimir Kutakov, Oleg Smolich, and Ivan Chursin. "Regenerative ability of grape cuttings under the influence of yeast suspension treatment." BIO Web of Conferences 34 (2021): 03005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213403005.
Full textAbstract:
The paper presents the growing experiment results on activating the regenerative ability of Moldova table variety grape cuttings by processing pressed baking yeast suspension. The present circumstance became the basis for conducting special studies to check cutting response to the treatment with baking yeast suspension, with the identification of drug optimal concentration. In spring, the two-eyed cuttings were completely soaked for 24 hours in water, and then they were placed with the basal ends in yeast suspension at various concentrations for the same time. Moreover, these yeast suspension concentrations were tested both in pure form and in combination with 3% sucrose. As a result of the conducted studies, it was revealed that pressed baking yeast suspension at certain concentration can have an activating effect on regenerative ability of grape cuttings. The use of yeast suspension together with sucrose solution increases their physiological activity. It was found that cuttings basal end soaking in yeast suspension at concentrations of 10-20 g/l, together with sucrose, contributed to rooting increased by 20-30%, the proportion of cuttings with three roots or more – by 22.5-30.0%, the number of roots by 13.5–16.2%. The best option was with a yeast suspension concentration of 20 g/l.
46
Kolomin, N. A., and О. B. Soprunova. "THE EFFECT OF NEW LACTIC ACID BACTERIA ON GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF HYDROBIONTS." Вестник Пермского университета. Серия «Биология»=Bulletin of Perm University. Biology, no. 2 (2020): 115–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/1994-9952-2020-2-115-119.
Full textAbstract:
The article is devoted to the study and isolation of new isolates of lactic acid bacteria. During the study, 9 isolates of lactic acid bacteria were isolated and their physiological, biochemical, and production-valuable properties were studied.The isolates have sufficient acid-forming activity (56.5-110 To), expressed saccharolytic activity (breakdown glucose, lactose, sucrose, maltose and galactose), the ability to develop at high concentrations of NaCl. Four of the most active isolates were used to study the effectiveness of lactic acid bacteria in the feed composition. As a result of inclusion of studied isolates in aquarium fodders, positive effect of two isolates on fish-growing and biological indices of fish has been established. The obtained data indicate at the same time the biological safety of the studied cultures, as well as the increase in the growth intensity of aquarium fish.
47
Issukindarsyah, Endang Sulistyaningsih, Didik Indradewa, and Eka T. Susila Putra. "The effect of light intensities on morpho-physiological and biochemical of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.)." E3S Web of Conferences 306 (2021): 01009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202130601009.
Full textAbstract:
The difference in the levels of light intensity was responded with changes in morphophysiological and biochemical characters of plants, especially in leaves of black pepper. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of several levels of light intensity on the morphophysiological and biochemical characters of leaves of black pepper. The research was conducted in July - November 2017 in Kemuja, Mendobarat, Bangka Belitung. This study used split-plot design with three replications. The main plots were the levels of light intensity, namely 100%, 75%, and 50%. Subplots were varieties of black pepper, namely Petaling 1, Petaling 2, and Nyelungkup. The results showed that there was no interaction between varieties and light intensities. The morphophysiological and biochemical responses of the leaves of the three varieties tested were the same at all levels of light intensity. Light intensity up to 50% has no effect on leaf morphological characters, but leaves become thinner at lower light intensities. Chlorophyll, nitrate reductase activity and leaf sucrose concentration were same at all light intensities up to 50%. Plants exposed to higher light intensity have a higher number of stomata. The results concluded that the light intensity of up to 50% did not cause changes in leaf morphology and biochemistry and only affected leaf stomata density.
48
Blair, C. A. J., Pam Blundell, Tiffany Galtress, Geoffrey Hall, and Simon Killcross. "Discrimination between Outcomes in Instrumental Learning: Effects of Preexposure to the Reinforcers." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section B 56, no. 3b (August 2003): 253–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724990244000241.
Full textAbstract:
In two experiments rats received instrumental training with two response levers, one response being reinforced by sucrose solution and the other by sucrose pellets. Prior to a test session, on which both levers were made available in the absence of reinforcement, the rats were given free access to one of the reinforcers, a procedure known to reduce its value. It was found that the rats responded at a lower rate on the lever that had produced the now-devalued reinforcer, but that this effect was substantial only in rats that had received preexposure to the two reinforcers before instrumental training was begun (Experiment 1). Experiment 2 demonstrated that this effect was obtained only when presentations of the two reinforcers were presented according to an inter-mixed schedule during preexposure. It is suggested that this result constitutes an instance of the perceptual learning effect in which intermixed preexposure to similar events enhances their discriminability.
49
Shiosaki, Ricardo Kenji, Clarissa Daisy da Costa Albuquerque, Kaoru Okada, Kazutaka Fukushima, and Galba Maria Campos-Takaki. "Monitoring the effect of pyrene on the germination and radial growth of the wild and mutant strains of Rhizopus arrhizus UCP402." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 51, no. 3 (June 2008): 613–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132008000300024.
Full textAbstract:
The physiological mutant of Rhizopus arrhizus was obtained in the pyrene resistance gradient test. Comparative studies were carried out about the behavior of the germination process and the radial growth of the mutant and wild strains of R. arrhizus UCP 402. Sabouraud Sucrose and Yeast Malt Broth cultures containing pyrene (10 mg/L) induced the germination process of the sporangiospores of the wild and mutant strains of R. arrhizus. The radial growth of the strains was inversely proportional to the pyrene concentration in the culture medium. The results showed an adaptation of R. arrhizus UCP 402x (mutant) in the pyrene (50mg/L) and suggested a higher ability of application in the removal of pyrene from the contaminated areas.
50
García-Ramírez, Yudith, Gloria Patricia Barrera, Marisol Freire-Seijo, Raúl Barbón, Mairenys Concepción-Hernández, Milady F. Mendoza-Rodríguez, and Sinesio Torres-García. "Effect of sucrose on physiological and biochemical changes of proliferated shoots of Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. Ex Wendl in temporary immersion." Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) 137, no. 2 (February 2, 2019): 239–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11240-019-01564-z.
Full text