Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sucres amines'
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Branquet, Éric. "Synthese d'amino sucres et d'acides alpha-amines exotiques a partir d'acides alpha-amines naturels." Paris 6, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA066521.
Full textAviles-Moreno, Juan-Ramón. "Flexibilité conformationnelle dans les amines, les sucres et leurs complexes hydratés étudiée par spectroscopie à impulsions microondes et calculs de chimie quantique." Lille 1, 2006. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/65353286-2f4b-4a09-9c9a-243841438735.
Full textCaparros, Alain. "Valorisation des acides ôméga-aminés : macrocyclisation dans les systèmes organisés et synthèse de bolaformes mixtes anioniques et dérivés de sucres." Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30051.
Full textMihai, Simona. "Systèmes biomimétiques multifonctionnels via des interactions cation-π, sucres-protéines et autoassemblages de quartets de guanosine." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20217.
Full textThe functioning of the living world rests on processes of molecular recognition between the various partners. This recognition takes place thanks to diverse weak interactions not covalentes. Within the framework of this work of thesis we were interested in the processes of molecular recognition involving the side chains of aromatic aminoacides met in the cellular membership, the transport of diverse cations and the recognition of neurotransmitters at the level of the synapses of the central nervous system. We so put in evidence the compléxation of carbohydrates by aromatic nuclei through interactions CH-pi as well as the compléxation of diverse organic and inorganic salts through interactions cation-pi by these same receivers. We so realized the competitive transport of neurotransmitters through a hybrid membrane alumino-siliciée fonctionnalisée by our synthetic receivers. On the other hand, we granted a particular importance for the dynamic superstructure formed by quartets of guanosine and tried in particular to observe the transfer of chirality of this structure in the inorganic matrix during a sol-gel process. We also stabilized G-quadruplexes in a stuffy silicié environment and developed a method of encapsulation of active principles based on the specific recognition of G4
Tsafack, Takadong Julie Judith. "Microtubérisation chez Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L. ) Schott (Macabo) et analyse de quelques aspects physiologiques et biochimiques." Brest, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BRES2005.
Full textCocoyam (Xanthosoma (L. ) Schott, Araceae) is an important staple tuber crop for tropical populations. In vitro tuber induction could be an effective way to propagate a disease-free material and increase the productivity of valuable cocoyam. The principal objective of this study is to investigate the optimal conditions for microtubers production and to understand the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of cocoyam tuberization. The cocoyam microtuberization is influenced by the genotype, the sucrose level, nitrogen nutrition, plant growth regulators (PGRs), photoperiod and thermoperiod regimes. The best response is obtained on MS medium supplemented with 8% sucrose, under short days of 8 h and with thermoperiod (25/20°C, day/night) for 10 days, followed by a continuous darkness at 20°C for 50 days. As in the field, the white cultivar is more productive than the red and yellow cultivars. Among the PGRs tested (BAP, ABA, STS, GA3, Ancymidol and flurprimidol), the medium with 30 µM 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) significantly increase the tuberization frequency. Microtuberization can be induced on PGRs free medium with 70% rate of tuberized expiant. The tuberized explants (13. 8%) can be conserved in vitro for at least 8 months at 25°C, in the presence of sucrose (2%) and osmotic agents (mannitol and sorbitol, 2%). More than 90% of microtubers sprout and produce vitroplants that yield 80% of cocoyam plants after one month in the field. The media where the NO3-/NH4+ ratio is higher than 1, are more favourable to tuber formation and soluble carbohydrate accumulation. The G medium, that is poorer in nitrogen than MS medium, gives a low percentage of tuberization and nevertheless reduces the regrowth rate by inducing low a-amylase activity. Tuber initiation observable alter ten days of culture on inductive condition is characterized by a stimulation of the guaiacol-peroxidase activities and the apparition of novel isoperoxidases. During early stages of the microtuberization process, amino acids (mainly Ala, Arg, Gln, Glu, Thr and Val) and proteins accumulate, and novel polypeptides are highlighted. Furthermore, the glucose: fructose ratio increases in leaves concomitantly with the sucrose and starch increase in the basal part, which coincide with the first tubers apparition. Sucrose degraded by invertases is associated with tuber initiation and sucrose synthase assure their filling
Blenau, Wolfgang, Ricarda Scheiner, Stephanie Plückhahn, Bahar Oney, and Joachim Erber. "Behavioural pharmacology of octopamine, tyramine and dopamine in honey bees." Universität Potsdam, 2002. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/texte_eingeschraenkt_verlag/2010/4430/.
Full textHatton, Pierre-Joseph. "Séquestration du carbone et de l’azote des feuilles de hêtre dans les associations organo-minérales du sol : Approches macroscopiques, nanométriques & moléculaires." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AGPT0050.
Full textOrgano-mineral associations play a key role in the long-term sequestration of organic matter in forest soils. However, knowledge about the contribution of the different types of organo-mineral associations and the microbial processes involved in soil organic matter stabilisation is scant. To solve it, stable isotope techniques have been combined with the sequential density fractionation of organo-mineral associations. Isolated fractions were investigated in field and in lab, at different temporal (from 8 hours to 12 years) and spatial scales (macro-, submicron- and molecular scales).Four types of organo-mineral associations were distinguished: plant debris with little mineral attached, plant aggregates, microbial aggregates and mineral grains. Isotopically labeled beech leaf litters were tracked at a decadal time-scale to reveal transfers in between organo-mineral associations. Both litter-derived carbon and nitrogen entered the soil as plant fragments to progressively pass through plant and microbial aggregates. Aggregates appeared particularly meaningful for the stabilisation of litter-derived carbon and nitrogen at a decadal time-scale. Little of the litter-derived carbon and nitrogen was found quickly stabilized to mineral grains. Microbial activities appeared as a major controlling factor for the evolvement of organo-mineral associations, responsive for the transfers of litter-derived carbon and nitrogen. Indeed, plant debris colonized by microorganisms are progressively trapped into plant aggregates. As decomposition proceeds, plant aggregates disrupt into denser microbial aggregates. These aggregates are loaded with lesser organic matter, but enriched in stable microbial materials.Stabilisation by soil microorganisms has been studied at the macro-, submicronand molecular- scales, using mostly NanoSIMS and LC-IRMS. Microbial stabilization operated (i) directly through immobilization in microbial cells and, (ii) indirectly through large production of extracellular microbial products. By calibrating the NanoSIMS for accurate C/N ratios, extracellular microbial products have been shown to be stabilized onto organo-mineral associations without apparent control of the mineral-attached organic matter chemistry. The incorporation of 13C tracers into amino sugars, biomarkers of bacterial and fungal biomasses, revealed that living microorganisms grow where the resource is, but accumulate in microbial aggregates. Microbial biomasses moved from plant debris to microbial aggregates, likely along with the transfers of decaying litter residues as described above.This work points aggregates as meaningful organo-mineral associations for the sequestration of litter-derived carbon and nitrogen at the decadal time-scale. It also revealed the role of microorganisms in the transfers and stabilization of litterderived carbon and nitrogen within organo-mineral associations
Samadi, Mohammad. "Nouvelle voie d'accès aux homologues supérieurs de sucres et de nucléosides par décarboxylation radicalaire." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112410.
Full textWe describe in this thesis our extensive investigations to produce new types of molecules with structural novelty and biological potency in the field of carbohydrates and nucleosides, using free radical chemistry. The first chapter deals with the general procedure of radical decarboxylation reaction of uronic acids via their N-hydroxy-2-pyridon esters. The radical generated can be easily captured by electron deficient alkenes, leading to highly functionalised chain-elongated pentofuranosides, hexopyranosides and nucleosides. These carbon-carbon bond forming reactions can occur stereospecifically in an anti-addition fashion, if the radical is adjacent to cyclic dimethylketal protecting group. In the case of 2'-deoxynucleosides and in the presence of a bulky protecting group at C-3', we also experienced a good stereoselectivity. In the second part, we present the enantioselective total synthesis of natural sinefungin (S) and sinefungin (R), epimers at C-6' and also their hitherto unknown analogues in which the adenine is replaced by uracil. It is interesting to note that the epimer (R) of sinefungin preserves an excellent antiparasitic activity against Leishmania donovani promastigotes in vivo compared with natural sinefungin. Finally in the third part, we report the synthesis of phosphonic analogues of sugars, nucleosides and amino acid derivatives by the use of radical addition to vinylphosphonate as outlined in the first chapter. Particularly interesting is the synthesis of an isosterephosphonate of 3'-azido-3'-deoxy-thymidine-5'-monophosphate (AZT-5'-monophosphate). Hopefully this molecule might display a better therapeutic index than AZT, the only efficient anti-HIV drug in clinical use
Rahmani, Fatima. "Contribution à l'étude des mécanismes de résistance à la salinité de quelques espèces fongiques du genre aspergillus." Nancy 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10079.
Full textDominguez, Hélène. "Croissance et flux métaboliques de Corynebacterium glutamicum sur divers sucres : interactions entre transporteurs PTS et voies métaboliques : [thèse en partie soutenue sur un ensemble de travaux]." Toulouse, INSA, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ISAT0051.
Full textWen, Guoqi. "Étude des effets de la fertilisation azotée sur les concentrations foliaires en sucres, en acides aminés et en glycoalcaloïdes des plants de pommes de terre." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66330.
Full textBalát, Dominik. "Analýza a porovnání možnosti vstupu firmy AMICUS SKna zahraniční trh v rámci EU a mimo EU." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-255768.
Full textGIROUSSE, CHRISTINE. "Composition en sucres et en acides aminés de la sève phloémienne de la luzerne (Medicago sativa L. ) : effets de facteurs écophysiologiques et conséquences sur les relations luzerne/puceron du pois (Acyrthosiphon pisum harris)." Poitiers, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992POIT2275.
Full textCantone, Sara. "A new conception of polymeric supports for the solid phase peptide synthesis: rigidity and porosity as determinant factors for the success in industrial applications." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trieste, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10077/2628.
Full textIn questo studio di tesi sono stati sviluppati ed ottimizzati nuovi supporti rigidi per la sintesi in fase solida in collaborazione con l’azienda Resindion srl. (Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation). Tali supporti, denominati Synbeads, sono stati poi caratterizzati dal punto di vista chimico e fisico ed applicati alla sintesi peptidica in fase solida. La parte iniziale dello studio si è concentrata sulla messa a punto del processo di polimerizzazione in modo da ottenere dei polimeri Synbeads caratterizzati da un grado di porosità ottimale e da una omogenea distribuzione del diametro particellare. Questi due parametri infatti influiscono notevolmente sull’applicabilità dei polimeri per sintesi su fase solida: - il grado di porosità, nei polimeri rigidi e che quindi non rigonfiano in solvente, deve garantire un buon trasferimento di massa dei reagenti e nello stesso tempo assicurare una buona resistenza dei polimeri stessi allo stress meccanico - la distribuzione particellare deve essere compresa in un ben definito range di diametro, in modo da permettere l’utilizzo dei Synbeads anche in sistemi automatizzati, senza che vi siano presente né particelle fini che potrebbero intasare i filtri, né particelle di dimensioni troppo grandi che potrebbero rendere difficoltoso il trasferimento delle stesse nei sistemi automatici. La successiva fase di ottimizzazione dei Synbeads si è concentrata su altri due parametri molto importanti, ossia la lunghezza dello spaziatore tra la matrice polimerica e il gruppo funzionale e la densità di gruppi funzionali presenti sui polimeri: - una distanza ottimale del gruppo funzionale dalla matrice del polimero ne garantisce la completa accessibilità chimica, evitando problematiche legate all’ingombro sterico - la densità di gruppi funzionali deve assicurare sia una buona capacità di carico (mmoli di gruppi funzionali per gdry di polimero) sia una completa accessibilità chimica di tutti i gruppi funzionali presenti sul polimero. In seguito a questo studio di ottimizzazione sono stati preparati i Synbeads con gruppo funzionale amminico (Synbeads A310). Partendo quindi dalle caratteristiche chimico-fisiche ottimizzate per la produzione dei Synbeads A310, sono stai messi a punto dei protocolli per la preparazione e la caratterizzazione dei altri Synbeads recanti gruppi funzionali diversi, ossia clorometilenici, bromometilenic, carbossilici ed idrossilici. Successivamente, i Synbeads A310 sono stati funzionalizzati con diversi linker che ne permettano applicazioni diverse nella sintesi in fase solida. Infatti, i Synbeads recanti i linker sono stati utilizzati per la preparazione da diversi Fmoc-AA-Wang-Synbeads e per la sintesi di un pentapeptide. Questo pentapeptide costituisce la sequenza dei primi cinque aminoacidi del Fuzeon®, un peptide che presenta attività inibitoria nei confronti dell’HIV. L’applicazione dei Synbeads è stata studiata anche per quanto riguarda il loro possibile utilizzo nella sintesi peptidica automatizzata con l’impiego di microonde, in particolare nel sistema Liberty CEM®. Grazie alle caratteristiche chimico-fisiche dei Synbeads e alla messa a punto di protocolli sintetici adatti a questi polimeri rigidi, si è potuto ottenere il prodotto desiderato con buone rese e un elevato grado di purezza. Nella parte finale di questo studio di tesi è stata indagata la distribuzione dei gruppi funzionali all’interno della matrice dei Synbeads. Combinando la tecnica ATR-FT IR con luce convenzionale e con luce di sincrotrone è possibile seguire la diffusione dei reagenti all’interno della matrice polimerica e verificare l’omogeneità della matrice stessa. Dopo aver messo a punto questa metodologia analitica, che permette un’indagine approfondita di ciò che avviene all’interno della matrice dei polimeri rigidi non trasparenti, un altro approccio analitico è stato sviluppato. Al fine di poter verificare in modo più rapido l’omogeneità della matrice polimerica, sezioni di Synbeads funzionalizzati con diverse concentrazioni di fluoresceina sono stati analizzati, permettendo in tal modo di verificare anche la distribuzione dei gruppi funzionali. Questo studio di dottorato quindi ha permesso di ottenere una nuova classe di polimeri rigidi per la sintesi su fase solida, i Synbeads, che hanno dimostrato di permettere l’ottenimento di ottimi risultati sia nella sintesi classica che in quella assistita da microonde. Nuovi approcci analitici sono stati studiati e applicati per verificare l’omogeneità della matrice polimerica e seguire i fenomeni di diffusione all’interno della matrice stessa. In tal modo, i Synbeads presentano un ottimo potenziale per un’applicazione su larga scala in processi industriali.
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Cazor, Anne. "Etude des solutions obtenues par traitement thermique en phase aqueuse de tissus végétaux (racines de Daucus carota L. ) ou animaux (tissus musculaires, M. Pectoralis major, Gallus domesticus) : recherche des mécanismes responsables de la constitution de ces solutions (<>) par spectroscopie par résonance magnétique nucléaire quantitative du proton (q 1H RMN) et par électrophorèse (SDS-PAGE) : analyse des modifications microstructurales ou chimiques des tissus traités et suivi cinétique des transferts des principales molécules sapides (sucres, protéines, acides aminés et acides organiques)." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066095.
Full textBody, Mélanie. "Manipulations des végétaux par les organismes endophytes : mécanismes physiologiques, signalisation et conséquences nutritionnelles chez un insecte mineur de feuilles." Thesis, Tours, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUR4054.
Full textEndophytophagous insects, such as stem-boring, gall-forming and leaf-mining insects, live within plant tissues and feed internally. The selective feeding hypothesis states that this life-style presumably provides adaptive advantages for the insect over other external-feeding modes by allowing access to most nutritional tissues while avoiding main plant defensive compounds. This selective feeding behavior can be reinforced by manipulating the plant physiology which has been clearly demonstrated in gallers but also suggested in leaf-miner insects due to the autumnal formation of “green islands” around mining caterpillars in yellow leaves. This study aimed to investigate, under field conditions, the ability of insects to manipulate their host-plant in the Malus domestica / Phyllonorycter blancardella biological system. This insect is highly specialized and entirely develops within a restricted area of a single leaf. We first characterized the plant-insect interface by describing larval mouthparts and leaf anatomy alterations resulting from the insect feeding activity
Lockwell, Jérémie. "Évaluation du potentiel de séquestration de carbone dans le sol de cultures intensives sur courtes rotations de saules dans le sud du Québec." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4894.
Full textOver the last ten years, many hectares of short-rotation willow coppice (SRWC) have been established on abandoned agricultural lands in southern Quebec (Canada). However, few studies were conducted to determine if these changes from a conventional crop to SRWC of willows would affect the soil carbon dynamic. A preliminary paired-site study was conducted to assess the impact of this land-use conversion on soil carbon stocks and dynamics shortly after they were established (1-year and 2-year) at one site and after multiple rotations (9-year) at another site. Apart from the total soil organic carbon pool, two labile carbon pools were investigated: the hot-water extractable carbon (HWC) pool and the amino sugars (AS) pool. Willow establishment and exploitation for nine years did not bring any changes in total organic carbon compared to an abandoned hay culture. The mature SRWC displayed a redistribution of TSOC in the vertical soil profile. We also measured a higher proportion of AS, compared to other plots on the same site, in total organic carbon under the 1-year-old SRWC; especially the proportion in AS of fungi origin that theorically decrease with perturbation intensity. Proportion of AS was also elevated under 2-year-old SRWC. A possible interpretation is that establishment-linked perturbations did not shift carbon dynamic toward an increased mineralization. The mature willow plantation exhibited depletion of HWC and the more labile amino sugar (muramic acid) in the deeper soil layer (20-40cm). This case study shows that conversion from an abandoned hay culture to a SRWC did not create a carbon sink. It was also found that the 9- year old willow plantation contained higher TSOC and had better soil quality than an adjacent short-term no-till crop rotation culture.