Journal articles: 'Suckling acid'

1

Radzik-Rant, A., W. Rant, A. Rozbicka-Wieczorek, and E. Kuźnicka. "The fatty acid composition of longissimus <i>lumborum</i> muscle of suckling and earlyweaned dual-purpose wool/meat lambs." Archives Animal Breeding 55, no. 3 (October 10, 2012): 285–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-55-285-2012.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. Twenty-four dual purpose (wool/meat) suckling and early weaned ram lambs were used to study the fatty acid profile in intramuscular fat of longissimus lumborum muscle and lipid oxidation in blood serum. At 60 days of age 12 rams were slaughtered as suckling lambs. The other 12 early weaned and fed according to standards by grass hay and concentrate, and slaughtered at 90 days of age. Suckling lambs had more polyunsaturated fatty acids (P≤0.01) than early-weaned lambs. Younger lambs obtained also higher values of n-3 fatty acids (P≤0.01) and lower n-6/n-3 ratio (P≤0.01) appropriate in relation to their contribution to human health. Muscle tissue of early-weaned lambs compared to suckling group was characterised by significantly higher c9,t11C18:2 content (P≤0.01), which is desirable in human diet with regard to its peculiarities. The higher amount (P≤0.01) of vaccenic acid, which is the substrate for rumenic acid formation, has been observed in early-weaned lambs also.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Zhao, Y., S. C. Denne, and R. A. Harris. "Developmental pattern of branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase complex in rat liver and heart." Biochemical Journal 290, no. 2 (March 1, 1993): 395–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2900395.

Full text

Abstract:

The developmental pattern of the branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase complex was examined in the liver and heart of the rat throughout the suckling period. Basal activity and total activity of the complex were measured as a function of age. The hepatic enzyme activity increased dramatically and was 100% active (dephosphorylated) during the suckling period. The level of protein kinase associated with the complex was particularly low at birth, but like the complex increased throughout the suckling period. The level of heart enzyme also increased as a function of age, but only about 30-45% of the enzyme was active throughout the suckling period. Very low protein levels of liver and heart branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase were detected by immunoblot analysis in newborn rats. The mRNA levels for the liver E1 alpha, E1 beta, and E2 subunits in newborn rat were 30%, 19%, and 4% of adult levels respectively. The capacity of the neonatal rat for oxidizing leucine in vivo was low at birth and increased with age. 4-Methyl-2-oxopentanoate was more toxic when given to newborn and 3-day-old pups than 21-day-old pups, as expected from the relative capacities of their tissues to dispose of branched-chain 2-oxo acids by oxidation. Force-feeding suckling rats a protein-free artificial milk formula resulted in partial inactivation of the hepatic branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase complex, indicating that the liver of the suckling rat can adapt to conserve branched-chain amino acid residues during periods of protein deficiency.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Resconi, V. C., M. Pascual-Alonso, L. Aguayo-Ulloa, G. C. Miranda-de la Lama, S. Alierta, M. M. Campo, J. L. Olleta, M. Villarroel, and G. A. María. "Effect of Dietary Grape Pomace and Seed on Ewe Milk and Meat Quality of Their Suckling Lambs." Journal of Food Quality 2018 (2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2371754.

Full text

Abstract:

The effect of wine by-products in the feeding of ewes on fatty acid composition of milk and meat of their suckling lambs and the sensory quality of the meat was investigated. Forty-two ewes were fed during the second half of gestation and lactation one out of three treatments: a control diet based on a commercial concentrate and two concentrates supplemented with either 10% grape pomace or 5% grape seed. In addition, all animals had ad libitum access of Lucerne chaff. The control group showed lower concentration of saturated fatty acids (mainly in short and medium chain) and higher monounsaturated fatty acids (mainly oleic acid) in the milk fat, being the total polyunsaturated fatty acids unchanged. However, this variation was not reflected in the meat of the suckling lambs, where only few differences in individual fatty acids were found, such as linoleic acid being highest in the pomace treatment. Spicy and metallic flavours were increased in the wine by-products groups, but overall liking was not affected. The by-products added to the diets may be a good way to reduce costs on feeding and waste, but they were not able to provide a healthier fatty acid profile, neither in milk nor in the meat of the suckling lambs.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Cunnane, S. C., and Z. Y. Chen. "Triacylglycerol: an important pool of essential fatty acids during early postnatal development in rats." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 262, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): R8—R13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1992.262.1.r8.

Full text

Abstract:

Developmental changes in the content and composition of major organ lipid pools are not well known. Our objective was to assess quantitatively the changes in lipids, particularly those containing long-chain fatty acids, in the placenta and the brain, liver, and carcass of the fetal and suckling rat. Pregnant dams were killed at days 15, 18, and 21 (term) of pregnancy and the placentas and fetuses removed and analyzed; suckling rats were killed at days +3, +6, and +9 of lactation. Whereas the long-chain fatty acid content of the phospholipids (mg/g) of the fetal or suckling rat remained relatively constant from day 18 of pregnancy to day +9 of lactation, long-chain fatty acids in triacylglycerols increased from prenatal values by 10- to 12-fold during the first 9 postnatal days. Prenatally, triacylglycerol accounted for no more than 32% of total whole body essential fatty acids (day 21), but postnatally this increased to 81-88%. From day 21 to day +9, the proportion of n-6 and n-3 essential fatty acids within the total triacylglycerol pool of the suckling rat increased 71 and 317%, respectively. We conclude that in the suckling rat, triacylglycerol is quantitatively the most important source of essential fatty acids during at least the first 9 days of life.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Iordache, Claudiu, Laurie Drozdowski, M. Tom Clandinin, Gary Wild, Zoe Todd, and Alan B. R. Thomson. "Treatment of suckling rats with GLP-2 plus dexamethasone increases the ileal uptake of fatty acids in later life." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 288, no. 1 (January 2005): G54—G59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00047.2004.

Full text

Abstract:

Glucocorticosteroids such as dexamethasone (Dex) increase sugar and lipid uptake in adult animals and accelerate the development of the immature intestine. The effect of Dex on the ontogeny of lipid absorption is unknown. In adult rats, glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) has a trophic effect on the intestine and enhances nutrient absorption. This study was undertaken to determine the effect of GLP-2 and Dex on the intestine uptake of lipids in suckling rats and to determine whether any such effect persists into the postweanling period. Sixty-four suckling rats were randomized into four groups. They were treated from days 11 to 21 with GLP-2 (0.1 μg·g−1·day−1 sc), Dex (0.128 μg·g−1·day−1 sc), GLP-2 plus Dex (GLP-2 0.1 μg·g−1·day−1 sc + Dex 0.128 μg·g−1·day−1 sc), or placebo. One-half the pups were killed at days 19–21 (“sucklings”), and one-half were killed 4 wk later (“weanlings”). The rate of intestinal uptake of six fatty acids (12:0, lauric; 16:0, palmitic; 18:0, stearic; 18:1, oleic; 18:2, linoleic; and 18:3, linolenic) and cholesterol was assessed using an in vitro ring technique. GLP-2 had no effect on lipid uptake. Dex increased the uptake of 18:3 in sucklings, and the ileal uptake of 18:0 was increased in weanlings. The combination of GLP-2 plus Dex had no effect in sucklings and increased the ileal uptake of 12:0, 18:0, 18:1, 18:2, and 18:3 in weanlings. The enhanced uptake of fatty acids with GLP-2 plus Dex was not explained by alterations in the animals' body or intestinal weights, intestinal morphology, or intestinal- or liver-fatty acid binding proteins. Unlike adults, GLP-2 does not enhance lipid uptake in sucklings. Dex has a modest enhancing effect on selected fatty acid uptake both in sucklings as well as weanlings. GLP-2 plus Dex has an enhancing effect on the ileal uptake of fatty acids in weanlings 4 wk after their previous injection with GLP-2 plus Dex. It remains to be established what is the nutritional importance of this late effect of prior exposure to Dex or GLP-2 plus Dex on the intestinal uptake of lipids.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Belknap, William M., Linda Zimmer-Nechemias, Frederick J. Suchy, and William F. Balistreri. "Bile Acid Efflux from Suckling Rat Hepatocytes." Pediatric Research 23, no. 4 (April 1988): 364–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1203/00006450-198804000-00005.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Wang, Qiye, Xia Xiong, Xiaocheng Wang, Qiang Tu, Jianzhong Li, Xueqin Ding, Yali Li, et al. "Suckling Piglet Intestinal Enterocyte Nutrient Metabolism Changes." Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry 48, no. 5 (2018): 2103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000492552.

Full text

Abstract:

Background/Aims: Intestinal morphology and the types of enterocytes are changed in piglets during the suckling period, but it is unclear whether these changes are associated with metabolic changes in epithelium. The present study was conducted to test the hypothesis that glucose, fatty acids, and amino acid metabolism in differentiated piglet enterocytes changed during suckling. Methods: Twenty-four piglets (Duroc × [Landrace × Yorkshire]) from 8 litters (3 piglets/litter) were selected. A single piglet from each litter was randomly selected and euthanized at days 7, 14, and 21. Differentiated enterocytes (DE) were isolated from their mid-jejunum. Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification and subsequent liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry were used to identify and measure protein synthesis. Results: The results showed that various activities, including: cellular processes; metabolic processes; biological regulation; pigmentation; and, localization, in DEs changed during suckling. Metabolic process analyses revealed that protein expression related to glycolysis and citrate cycle was decreased from day 7 to day 14. The number of differentiated enterocytes of 21 d piglets increased compared to 7 d piglets. Most of the proteins involved in fatty acid and amino acids metabolism had decreased DE expression between day 7 and day 14. Some, but not all, detected proteins down-regulated in DEs of 21 day piglets compared to 7 day piglets. Conclusion: These results indicate that glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids metabolism changed during suckling. This may provide useful information for designing feed formulas and regulating piglet intestinal growth and development.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Gomez-Angelats, M., B. Ruiz-Montasell, A. Felipe, J. J. Marin, F. J. Casado, and M. Pastor-Anglada. "Effect of protein malnutrition on neutral amino acid transport by rat hepatocytes during development." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 268, no. 2 (February 1, 1995): E368—E374. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1995.268.2.e368.

Full text

Abstract:

Hepatocytes from suckling rats whose mothers were fed a low-protein diet (9% protein) showed a lower capacity for Na(+)-dependent L-alanine uptake [due to a decrease in maximal uptake rate (Vmax) of a low-affinity component of transport] and were not able to respond to insulin or glucagon, whereas those from suckling pups whose mothers were fed the control diet (17% protein) had already developed the ability to upregulate L-alanine transport after hormone treatment. When animals from low-protein-fed mothers were weaned onto a hypoprotein diet, the overall capacity for Na(+)-dependent L-alanine uptake (apparent Vmax) and its responsiveness to pancreatic hormones were restored. Hepatocytes from these animals showed a lower response to glucocorticoid treatment. Amino acid availability was dramatically decreased in suckling and weanling rats fed a low-protein diet. These results support the hypothesis that nutrient supply is an important factor in the proper development of hepatic transport functions during the suckling-weaning transition.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Casado, J., A. Felipe, M. Pastor-Anglada, and X. Remesar. "Glutamine as a major nitrogen carrier to the liver in suckling rat pups." Biochemical Journal 256, no. 2 (December 1, 1988): 377–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2560377.

Full text

Abstract:

We measured the amino acid concentrations in the afferent and efferent vessels of the liver in anaesthetized fed adult rats and in fed suckling rat pups. A much higher content of glutamine in the portal vein and the aorta than in hepatic veins suggests that this amino acid is actively taken up by the liver of fed suckling rat pups, conversely to what is found in adult rats. In an attempt to characterize further the mechanism(s) contributing to this enhanced glutamine uptake, we monitored the time course of 1 mM-glutamine transport into plasma-membrane vesicles purified from the livers of either adult or suckling rats. The concentrative Na+-dependent uptake of glutamine was lower in those vesicles obtained from pups than in those obtained from adult rats. Glutaminase and glutamine synthetase activities in livers from both experimental groups were also measured. Glutaminase and glutamine synthetase activities in suckling rats were about 3-fold higher and 2-fold lower respectively than those in adult rats. It is concluded that glutamine is a main nitrogen carrier to the liver in fed suckling rats. A high availability of this amino acid and an enzyme imbalance between glutamine-synthesizing and -degrading activities may account for the net uptake found in vivo.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Battacone, Gianni, Mondina Francesca Lunesu, Salvatore Pier Giacomo Rassu, Giuseppe Pulina, and Anna Nudda. "Effect of Dams and Suckling Lamb Feeding Systems on the Fatty Acid Composition of Suckling Lamb Meat." Animals 11, no. 11 (November 3, 2021): 3142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11113142.

Full text

Abstract:

The effects of the dams and suckling lamb feeding systems on the fatty acid (FA) profile of lamb meat are reviewed in this article. The suckling lamb can be considered a functional monogastric, and therefore, its meat FA composition is strongly influenced by the FA composition of maternal milk. The major source of variation for ewe milk FA composition is represented by pasture amount and type. In the traditional sheep breeding system of the Mediterranean area, the main lambing period occurs in late autumn–early winter, and ewes are able to exploit the seasonal availability of the natural pastures at their best. Therefore, lambs start suckling when maternal milk concentrations of vaccenic, rumenic, and n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated FA in maternal milk are the highest. When maternal diet is mainly based on hay and concentrates, the use of vegetable oils can be considered a good strategy to improve the meat FA profile of suckling lambs.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Liu, H., F. Wu, L. L. Bai, Y. F. Chen, C. H. Lai, L. Q. Ren, and F. L. Wang. "Effect of dietary conjugated linoleic acid supplementation during late gestation on colostrum yield, fatty acid composition, and IgG concentrations in primiparous sows." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 98, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 732–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2017-0202.

Full text

Abstract:

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation during late gestation on reproductive performance, colostrum yield, colostral fatty acid composition, and immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations in primiparous sows. Twenty-four primiparous Landrace × Large White pregnant sows were randomly selected and assigned to four dietary treatments: 0% (control), 0.75%, 1.50%, and 2.25% CLA supplementation from day 85 of gestation to parturition. During lactation, all sows were fed the same commercial diet. The preweaning mortality of suckling piglets born to dams fed supplemental CLA did decrease linearly (P = 0.01) during lactation. Administration of CLA during gestation increased linearly (P < 0.01) total saturated fatty acids and decreased linearly (P < 0.01) monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids in colostrum. The concentrations of CLA isomers were higher (P < 0.01) in colostrum from primiparous sows fed CLA diets than in the control group. Feeding CLA increased (P < 0.05) colostral IgG concentrations, as well as that in the serum of neonatal piglets. In conclusion, 2.25% CLA supplementation in the diet of primiparous sows during late gestation could improve the passive immunity through colostral IgG and the survival of suckling piglets.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Wang, Wence, Francois Blachier, Dezhi Fu, Jie Pan, Huansheng Yang, Jieping Guo, Wuying Chu, Xiangfeng Kong, and Yulong Yin. "Ontogenic expression of the amino acid transporter b0,+AT in suckling Huanjiang piglets: effect of intra-uterine growth restriction." British Journal of Nutrition 110, no. 5 (January 28, 2013): 823–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114512005843.

Full text

Abstract:

Intestinal amino acid (AA) transport is critical for the supply of AA to other tissues. Few studies regarding AA intestinal transport systems during the period from postnatal intense development of piglets until weaning are available. In the present study, we measured the intestinal expression of b0,+AT according to developmental stage using the suckling Huanjiang piglet model, and documented the effect of intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR) on such expression using real-time PCR and Western blot analysis. Suckling piglets that recovered after IUGR and those with normal body weights (NBW) were used after birth or at 7, 14 and 21 d of age. Blood samples were used for the measurement of plasma AA concentrations, and the jejunum was collected for the measurement of b0,+AT expression. In NBW piglets, b0,+AT expression was markedly decreased from days 0 to 21 (P< 0·01) and remained at a low level during all the suckling periods. In IUGR piglets, there was a marked decrease in b0,+AT expression at birth, which remained lower, when compared with NBW piglets, during the suckling period. These results coincided with decreased plasma arginine concentration at birth and decreased lysine concentration in 21-d-old piglets (P< 0·05). It is concluded that the high expression of b0,+AT at birth decreases during the suckling period, and that IUGR is associated with decreased expression of this apical AA transporter. The possible causal relationship between decreased b0,+AT expression and lower body weight of IUGR piglets in the suckling period is discussed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Raff, Hershel, Eric D. Bruder, Barbara M. Jankowski, and Theodore L. Goodfriend. "Neonatal hypoxic hyperlipidemia in the rat: effects on aldosterone and corticosterone synthesis in vitro." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 278, no. 3 (March 1, 2000): R663—R668. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.2000.278.3.r663.

Full text

Abstract:

Neonatal hypoxia increases aldosterone production and plasma lipids. Because fatty acids can inhibit aldosterone synthesis, we hypothesized that increases in plasma lipids restrain aldosteronogenesis in the hypoxic neonate. We exposed rats to 7 days of hypoxia from birth to 7 days of age (suckling) or from 28 to 35 days of age (weaned at day 21). Plasma was analyzed for lipid content, and steroidogenesis was studied in dispersed whole adrenal glands untreated and treated to wash away lipids. Hypoxia increased plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, and nonesterified fatty acids in the suckling neonatal rat only. Washing away lipids increased aldosterone production in cells from 7-day-old rats exposed to hypoxia, but not in cells from normoxic 7-day-old rats or from normoxic or hypoxic 35-day-old rats. Addition of oleic or linolenic acid to washed cells inhibited both aldosterone and corticosterone production, although cells from hypoxic 7-day-old rats were less sensitive. We conclude that hypoxia induces hyperlipidemia in the suckling neonate and that elevated nonesterified fatty acids inhibit aldosteronogenesis.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Leshem, M., F. W. Flynn, and A. N. Epstein. "Brain glucoprivation and ketoprivation do not promote ingestion in the suckling rat pup." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 258, no. 2 (February 1, 1990): R365—R375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1990.258.2.r365.

Full text

Abstract:

We examined the possibility that brain glucose or ketone availability may control suckling or precocious feeding in the preweanling rat. Brain glucoprivation induced by 5-thio-D-glucose injection into the 4th ventricle did not increase feeding on orally infused milk until 30 days of age, although hyperglycemia was evoked as early as 9 days by the same treatment. Plasma ketone levels varied with suckling status, but pharmacological blockade of hepatic free fatty acid oxidation, which restricts ketone availability (ketoprivation), failed to increase suckling. Because the suckling rat can switch energy substrates under nutritional duress, we combined glucoprivation and ketoprivation. Feeding was suppressed, and suckling was not affected. Finally, we injected ketones into the 3rd brain ventricle and found that they increased feeding. Thus, in contrast to the adult rat, reduced glucose or ketone utilization by the brain does not increase food intake in the preweanling, but increased circulating and brain ketone concentrations may arouse feeding.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Issad, T., P. Ferré, M. Pastor-Anglada, M. A. Baudon, and J. Girard. "Development of insulin sensitivity in white adipose tissue during the suckling-weaning transition in the rat. Involvement of glucose transport and lipogenesis." Biochemical Journal 264, no. 1 (November 15, 1989): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2640217.

Full text

Abstract:

The changes of insulin responsiveness of white adipose tissue during the suckling-weaning transition in the rat were investigated in vitro on isolated adipocytes. Insulin binding, glucose transport and glucose metabolism in adipocytes from suckling rats and from rats weaned on to a high-carbohydrate (HC) or a high-fat (HF) diet were compared. Despite similar insulin binding, insulin-stimulated glucose transport rate is lower in adipocytes from suckling rats and HF-weaned rats than in adipocytes from HC-weaned rats. Moreover, whereas insulin markedly stimulates glucose metabolism in adipocytes from HC-weaned rats, glucose metabolism is totally unresponsive to insulin in adipocytes from suckling and HF-weaned rats. This insulin resistance is associated with a very low rate of lipogenesis and low activities of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase and pyruvate dehydrogenase.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Koizumi, H., K. Nomura, K. Ishihama, T. Yamanishi, A. Enomoto, and M. Kogo. "Inhibition of Trigeminal Respiratory Activity by Suckling." Journal of Dental Research 86, no. 11 (November 2007): 1073–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154405910708601110.

Full text

Abstract:

The trigeminal motor system is involved in many rhythmic oral-motor behaviors, such as suckling, mastication, swallowing, and breathing. Despite the obvious importance of functional coordination among these rhythmic activities, the system is not well-understood. In the present study, we examined the hypothesis that an interaction between suckling and breathing exists in the brainstem, by studying the respiratory activity in trigeminal motoneurons (TMNs) during fictive suckling using a neonatal rat in vitro brainstem preparation. The results showed that fictive suckling, which was neurochemically induced by bath application of N-methyl-D,L-aspartate and bicuculline-methiodide, or by local micro-injection of the same drugs to the trigeminal motor nucleus, inhibited the inspiratory activities in both respiration TMNs and respiratory rhythm-generating neurons. Under patch-clamp recording, fictive suckling caused membrane potential hyperpolarization of respiration TMNs. We conclude that the brainstem preparation contains an inhibitory circuit for respiratory activity in the trigeminal motor system via the rhythm-generating network for suckling. Abbreviations: BIC, bicuculline methiodide; GABA, gamma aminobutyric acid; NMA, N-methyl-D,L-aspartate; NMDA, N-methyl-D-aspartate; and TMN, trigeminal motoneuron.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Schwegmann-Wessels, Christel, Gert Zimmer, Bernd Schröder, Gerhard Breves, and Georg Herrler. "Binding of Transmissible Gastroenteritis Coronavirus to Brush Border Membrane Sialoglycoproteins." Journal of Virology 77, no. 21 (November 1, 2003): 11846–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.77.21.11846-11848.2003.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT Transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (TGEV) is a porcine pathogen causing enteric infections that are lethal for suckling piglets. The enterotropism of TGEV is connected with the sialic acid binding activity of the viral surface protein S. Here we show that, among porcine intestinal brush border membrane proteins, TGEV recognizes a mucin-type glycoprotein designated MGP in a sialic acid-dependent fashion. Virus binding assays with cryosections of the small intestine from a suckling piglet revealed the binding of TGEV to mucin-producing goblet cells. A nonenteropathogenic mutant virus that lacked a sialic acid binding activity was unable to bind to MGP and to attach to goblet cells. Our results suggest a role of MGP in the enteropathogenicity of TGEV.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Mochizuki, Kazuki, Hiromi Kawai, Hiroko Mochizuki, Masaya Shimada, Sachiko Takase, and Toshinao Goda. "Fatty acids in component of milk enhance the expression of the cAMP-response-element-binding-protein-binding protein (CBP)/p300 gene in developing rats." British Journal of Nutrition 99, no. 3 (March 2008): 481–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114507831680.

Full text

Abstract:

Fatty acids in milk are thought to play an important role in intestinal maturation and gene expression in the rat small intestine during the suckling–weaning period. In the present study, we determined the jejunal mRNA level of the cAMP-response-element-binding-protein-binding protein (CBP)/p300, which is one of the chromatin remodelling factors and regulates histone acetylation, during the postnatal period in rats. The mRNA level of CBP/p300 was high during the suckling and middle of the weaning period (day 5 to 20) and then declined sharply to a low level at the end of the weaning period and after weaning. In situ hybridisation also showed that CBP/p300 mRNA levels in the villus as well as the basal membrane clearly decreased after weaning. Rat pups at age 17 d, weaned to a high-fat diet, showed higher levels of CBP/p300 mRNA than those weaned to a low-fat diet. Oral administration of caprylic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid, which are major fatty acid components in milk, induced jejunal CBP/p300 gene expression. The present results suggest that fatty acids in components of milk enhance expression of the CBP/p300 genes in the small intestine.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Ramírez-Santana, Carolina, Francisco J. Pérez-Cano, Cristina Castellote, Margarida Castell, Montserrat Rivero, María Rodríguez-Palmero, and Àngels Franch. "Higher immunoglobulin production in conjugated linoleic acid-supplemented rats during gestation and suckling." British Journal of Nutrition 102, no. 6 (April 2, 2009): 858–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114509301592.

Full text

Abstract:

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has been reported to exert beneficial physiological effects on body composition and the immune system. However, little information is available on the influence of CLA on immune function during early life periods. The present study evaluates the effect of feeding an 80:20 mixture of cis-9, trans-11- and trans-10, cis-12-CLA isomers during gestation and suckling on the systemic immune response of weaned Wistar rats. Pups received dietary CLA from dams through the placental barrier and during suckling by breast milk (group A) or by oral administration (group B). Pups from group C only received CLA during suckling by oral administration. Group D constituted the reference group. Milk from dams fed the CLA diet had a high content of CLA and higher IgA and IgG concentrations than rats fed the standard diet. The plasma of pups from groups A, B and C showed six, twelve and nine times higher content of the cis-9, trans-11-CLA isomer than that of the group D pups. Rats from group A exhibited higher serum IgG concentrations than rats from the rest of the groups (22·14 (sem 2·14) v. about 5 mg/ml; P < 0·05), whereas rats from groups A and B showed approximately 2-fold higher splenocyte IgM production than rats from groups C and D. However, CLA supplementation did not influence significantly the splenocyte proliferative response or cytokine secretion. Supplementation during gestation and suckling with an 80:20 cis-9, trans-11–trans-10, cis-12 CLA mix enhances the production of the main in vivo and in vitro Ig isotypes in Wistar rats.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Ripoll, Guillermo, María Jesús Alcalde, Anastasio Argüello, María de Guía Córdoba, and Begoña Panea. "Effect of Rearing System on the Straight and Branched Fatty Acids of Goat Milk and Meat of Suckling Kids." Foods 9, no. 4 (April 9, 2020): 471. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9040471.

Full text

Abstract:

Goat meat is considered healthy because it has fewer calories and fat than meat from other traditional meat species. It is also rich in branched chain fatty acids that have health advantages when consumed. We studied the effects of maternal milk and milk replacers fed to suckling kids of four breeds on the straight and branched fatty acid compositions of their muscle. In addition, the proximal and fatty acid compositions of colostrum and milk were studied. Goat colostrum had more protein and fat and less lactose than milk. Goat milk is an important source of healthy fatty acids such as C18:1 c9 and C18:2 n–6. Suckling kid meat was also an important source of C18:1c9. Dairy goat breeds had higher percentages of trans monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and most of the C18:1 isomers but lower amounts of total MUFAs than meat breeds. However, these dairy kids had meat with a lower percentage of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) than meat kids. The meat of kids fed natural milk had higher amounts of CLA and branched chain fatty acids (BCFAs) and lower amounts of n–6 fatty acids than kids fed milk replacers. Both milk and meat are a source of linoleic, α-linolenic, docosahexaenoic, eicosapentaenoic and arachidonic fatty acids, which are essential fatty acids and healthy long-chain fatty acids.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Buddington, Randal K., Jan Elnif, Anna A. Puchal-Gardiner, and Per T. Sangild. "Intestinal apical amino acid absorption during development of the pig." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 280, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): R241—R247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.2001.280.1.r241.

Full text

Abstract:

Amino acids originating from the diet are the principal metabolic fuels for the small intestine, and although the developing intestine is exposed to dramatic changes in the types and amounts of protein, there is little known about rates of amino acid absorption across the apical membrane during development. Therefore, rates of absorption were measured for five amino acids that are substrates for the acidic (aspartate), basic (lysine), neutral (leucine and methionine), and imino (proline) amino acid carriers using intact tissues from the proximal, mid-, and distal small intestines of pigs ranging in age from 90% of gestation to 42 days after birth (12 days after weaning). Rates of absorption (sum of carrier-mediated and apparent diffusion) were highest at birth (except for proline) and declined by an average of 30% during the first 24 h of suckling. There were continuing declines for leucine, methionine, and proline but not for aspartate and lysine. Due to rapid growth of the intestine, absorption capacities for all amino acids increased faster than predicted from gains in metabolic mass. Regional differences for rates of absorption were not detected until after birth, and only for aspartate and proline. Maximum rates of saturable absorption (nmol · min−1 · mg tissue−1) by the midintestine increased during the last 10% of gestation, were highest at birth, and then declined. The contribution of apparent diffusion to amino acid absorption was lowest at birth, then increased after onset of suckling.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Britton, J. R., and O. Koldovsky. "Luminal digestion of lactoferrin in suckling and weanling rats." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 253, no. 3 (September 1, 1987): G397—G403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1987.253.3.g397.

Full text

Abstract:

The development of luminal digestion of lactoferrin was evaluated in vitro by incubating 125I-labeled lactoferrin with fluid flushed from the stomach and small intestine of 12-day-old suckling and 31-day-old weanling rats, followed by measurement of radioactivity in trichloroacetic acid-soluble material. Gastric hydrolysis of lactoferrin at pH 3.2 in the weanling was 20-fold greater than that in the suckling. In the small intestine at neutral pH, luminal degradation of lactoferrin was minimal in the suckling but increased significantly after weaning, with maximal degradative capacity demonstrable in the midjejunum. Sephadex G-75 chromatography of intestinal acid-soluble breakdown products revealed two peaks of radioactivity, each comprising 40-45% of the total product; analysis of intestinal acid-precipitable products by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis yielded several discrete lower molecular weight species. Food deprivation for 12 h/100 g body wt decreased lactoferrin degradation in the weanling jejunum and midjejunum. Our findings suggest that lactoferrin digestion may vary with respect to postnatal age of the organism, segment of the gastrointestinal tract, and dietary state. In the young animal, lactoferrin degradation is minimal, and consequently its potential for biological function may be high.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Wang, Jue, Shiyi Tian, Jing Wang, and Weiyun Zhu. "Early galactooligosaccharide intervention alters the metabolic profile, improves the antioxidant capacity of mitochondria and activates the AMPK/Nrf2 signaling pathway in suckling piglet liver." Food & Function 11, no. 8 (2020): 7280–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0fo01486a.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Gutiérrez-Peña, Rosario, Manuel García-Infante, Manuel Delgado-Pertíñez, José Luis Guzmán, Luis Ángel Zarazaga, Susana Simal, and Alberto Horcada. "Organoleptic and Nutritional Traits of Lambs from Spanish Mediterranean Islands Raised under a Traditional Production System." Foods 11, no. 9 (April 30, 2022): 1312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11091312.

Full text

Abstract:

Our aim was to characterize the organoleptic and nutritional properties of meat from suckling (one-month-old) and light (around three-months-old) lambs in local breeds on the Spanish Mediterranean islands, using meat from male lambs of the Mallorquina and Roja Mallorquina breeds. The lambs were kept with their mother at all times under an extensive management system and fed on mother’s milk until naturally weaned. In the Mallorquina breed, suckling lambs (n = 20) were slaughtered after weaning and the light lambs were bred using natural pasture (n = 20) or concentrate (n = 20), and the Roja Mallorquina light lambs were fed pasture and concentrate (n = 20). The pH, colour, texture, water-holding capacity, fatty acids, volatile compounds and sensorial attributes of the meat were analyzed. No differences in meat colour or texture were observed. The highest levels of non-desirable fatty acids were observed in lambs raised using concentrate. Light lambs showed a higher aldehydes content than suckling lambs. High notes of lactic acid and milk flavour were detected. Regardless of access to pasture or concentrate, continued access to mother’s milk during rearing influences the sensorial meat traits of these lambs, so we consider this type of management an optimal way of obtaining the traditional ‘Mediterranean lamb meat’.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

KRAUSS, Stefan, Carol V. LASCELLES, Victor A. ZAMMIT, and Patti A. QUANT. "Flux control exerted by overt carnitine palmitoyltransferase over palmitoyl-CoA oxidation and ketogenesis is lower in suckling than in adult rats." Biochemical Journal 319, no. 2 (October 15, 1996): 427–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3190427.

Full text

Abstract:

We examined the potential of overt carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT I) to control the hepatic catabolism of palmitoyl-CoA in suckling and adult rats, using a conceptually simplified model of fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis. By applying top-down control analysis, we quantified the control exerted by CPT I over total carbon flux from palmitoyl-CoA to ketone bodies and carbon dioxide. Our results show that in both suckling and adult rat, CPT I exerts very significant control over the pathways under investigation. However, under the sets of conditions we studied, less control is exerted by CPT I over total carbon flux in mitochondria isolated from suckling rats than in those isolated from adult rats. Furthermore the flux control coefficient of CPT I changes with malonyl-CoA concentration and ATP turnover rate.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Pascual-Alonso, M., L. Aguayo-Ulloa, G. C. Miranda-de la Lama, S. Alierta, J. L. Olleta, M. M. Campo, M. Villarroel, and G. A. María. "Effect of slaughter age on meat quality of Chamarito lambs." Animal Genetic Resources/Ressources génétiques animales/Recursos genéticos animales 57 (May 25, 2015): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2078633615000156.

Full text

Abstract:

SummaryChamaritolamb was recognized as a quality brand in Spain in April 2010 and this meat is highly appreciated in the local market, but little is known about how a short fattening period may affect final product quality. Twenty lambs, ten from the Ternasco category and ten from the suckling lamb category, were slaughtered and their carcass characteristics compared. All animals were weighed at birth, weaning and before slaughter, and average daily gain was calculated. Cold carcasses were weighed and bruising score, carcass conformation and carcass fatness were noted. The left back of each carcass was separated for dissection. The meat pH, cooking and thawing losses, texture, colour and fatty acid composition were measured on M.longissimussamples. Production traits and meat quality variables were analysed fitting a one-way model with the fixed effect of mean lamb age at harvest. The conformation and degree of fatness of Ternasco-type lambs was not significantly different from suckling lambs but the pH values 24.00 hours post-mortem in muscle (pHult) of the former was slightly higher. The fatty acid profile of suckling lambs was more suitable for a healthy human diet.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Ramasamy, M., D. H. Alpers, C. Tiruppathi, and B. Seetharam. "Cobalamin release from intrinsic factor and transfer to transcobalamin II within the rat enterocyte." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 257, no. 5 (November 1, 1989): G791—G797. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1989.257.5.g791.

Full text

Abstract:

To ascertain the mechanism of release of cobalamin (Cbl) from intrinsic factor (IF) and subsequent formation of transcobalamin II (TC-II)-Cbl complex, we studied the intracellular distribution of 57Co-labeled Cbl after its uptake in suckling and adult rats. The amount of Cbl bound to IF, to the IF-Cbl receptor via IF, and to TC-II was determined by immunoprecipitation with monospecific antisera raised to these proteins. IF-Cbl receptor activity was found to be very low in suckling rats up to 12 days after birth. Oral administration of leupeptin in amounts known to alter protein turnover had no effect on the release of Cbl from IF nor did it inhibit the formation of the TC-II-Cbl complex in either adult or suckling animals. However, oral administration of chloroquine resulted in a transient increase in the intestinal concentration of Cbl in both adult and suckling rats and in total inhibition of Cbl released from IF in adults rats. Chloroquine prevented completely the transfer of Cbl to TC-II in adult rats and inhibited the transfer by 50% in suckling rats. These data demonstrate that in adult mucosa utilizing receptor-mediated endocytosis, Cbl is transferred from IF to TC-II. This transfer does not require the IF-Cbl receptor, as it occurs in suckling rats. Finally, transfer of Cbl to TC-II is decreased by a drug that alters vesicular pH. Because Cbl can be released at acid pH from IF, it is proposed that release of Cbl from IF and its transfer to TC-II occurs in an acidic vesicle.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Farber, J. P. "GABAergic effects on respiratory neuronal discharge during opossum development." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 264, no. 2 (February 1, 1993): R331—R336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1993.264.2.r331.

Full text

Abstract:

Changes in breathing pattern between immature and adult animals could be due in part to changing postsynaptic sensitivity to particular neurotransmitters by respiratory neurons and/or to the fate of these neurotransmitters after release. To probe for such effects, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and the GABAA antagonist, bicuculline, were pressure injected by micropipette in very small volumes (approximately 25 pl) near identified medullary respiratory neurons in Inactin-anesthetized adult and suckling opossums. At a concentration of 10 mM, GABA induced suppression of respiratory neurons firing in animals from about 3 wk of age (the youngest animals tested) onward, with the largest responses occurring in adults. For those age groups tested with 0.5 and 50 mM GABA, shorter and longer responses, respectively, were observed. Bicuculline increased the discharge of respiratory units at all ages tested, but responses normalized to initial firing rates did not systematically differ between sucklings down to 4 wk of age and adults. Bicuculline also influenced the onset and cessation of firing in both inspiratory and expiratory neurons. Discharge of respiratory neurons in immature suckling opossums is characterized by few spikes and low firing rates with each breath. However, recovery of neuronal firing from an exogenous load of GABA and release of neuronal firing after antagonism of GABAA receptors does not show a developmental pattern that would implicate GABA as the crucial mediator of these effects.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Ahn, Jemin, Huan Wang, and In Ho Kim. "PSV-16 Effects of dietary coated omega-3 supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, and fatty acid composition in lactating sows and suckling piglets." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_2 (July 2019): 200–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz122.351.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Improving sow nutrition is one approach that could produce such potential increases. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are critical nutrients that play an important role in maintaining animal health with better physiological condition. This study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary coated omega-3 supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, and fatty acid composition in lactating sows and suckling piglets. A total of 16 lactating sows (Landrace × Yorkshire) and their litters were used in a 26-day experiment. Sows were randomly allotted into two groups: (i) CON (Basal diet); (ii) TRT1 (Basal diet + 0.50% omega-3). In the current study, the supplementation of coated omega-3 increased piglet’s body weight (day 7) (P = 0.045) and average daily gain (day 0 to day 7) (P = 0.006) significantly compared with control. There was a significant effect (P = 0.048) on the blood fatty acid contents of sows fed coated omega-3 FA at weaning. In addition, the milk fatty acid contents (C16, C17 and C18) from sows fed diet supplemented with coated omega-3 FA were higher than those fed control diet on day 16. In conclusion, omega-3 diets improved BW and ADG of suckling piglets during the first week. It also improved the fatty acid content of blood and milk in lactating sows.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Barkow, B., J. J. Matte, H. Böhme, and G. Flachowsky. "Influence of folic acid supplements on the carry-over of folates from the sow to the piglet." British Journal of Nutrition 85, no. 2 (February 2001): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn2000238.

Full text

Abstract:

This experiment aimed to investigate the influence of folic acid supplements on the carry-over of folates from the sow to the fetus during late gestation and to the suckling piglet. Two groups of sixteen German Landrace sows received, during gestation and lactation, a diet supplemented with either 0 or 10 mg folic acid/kg. Increased folic acid concentrations in the serum of sows were detected only at the end of gestation (day 100) and at the end of lactation (day 28). The supplementation with folic acid to the sows' diet improved the folic acid supply of the fetus compared with unsupplemented controls; values were respectively 92.6v.56.2 nmol folates/l serum in newborn piglets and 171.9v.76.3 μmol folates/g fresh liver in stillborn piglets (P< 0.05). Folate concentrations in colostrum and milk (day 28) were 3.6- and 5.0-times higher in supplemented than unsupplemented sows. This treatment effect was also reflected in the serum of piglets until weaning. Therefore, the folic acid supply for the suckling piglet is dependent mainly upon the carry-over of maternal folates via colostrum and milk.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Mutoh, H., S. Ota, H. Hiraishi, K. J. Ivey, A. Terano, and T. Sugimoto. "Reduced glutathione protects cultured gastric mucosal cells from suckling rats against acid." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 261, no. 1 (July 1, 1991): G65—G70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1991.261.1.g65.

Full text

Abstract:

We examined the role of reduced glutathione as a defense mechanism against acid-induced gastric mucosal cell damage in vitro. Cellular stores of reduced glutathione were depleted by reaction with diethyl maleate (DEM) or 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) and increased by reaction with L-cysteine. Depletion of cellular glutathione by reaction with DEM or CDNB potentiated gastric mucosal cell lysis by acid. Increase of cellular glutathione by L-cysteine decreased cell lysis by acid. Altering the cellular reduced-to-oxidized glutathione ratio by tert-butyl hydroperoxide or diamide increased cellular susceptibility to acid. Reduced glutathione is essential for glutathione peroxidase to catalyze hydrogen peroxide. We further studied whether oxygen free radicals were involved in the pathogenesis of acid-induced gastric mucosal injury in vitro. Neither superoxide dismutase, catalase, nor dimethyl sulfoxide decreased acid-induced gastric mucosal cell damage. We conclude that reduced glutathione plays an important role as a defense mechanism against acid-induced injury in cultured rat gastric mucosal cells. Production of oxygen radical in response to acid exposure may occur intracellularly, since exogenous oxygen radical scavengers, which do not gain access to the interior of cells, had no protective effect. Reduced glutathione might protect gastric mucosal cells by mechanisms other than the elimination of oxygen free radicals.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Mori, Yoshio, Mohammed Ali Borgan, Naoto Ito, Makoto Sugiyama, and Nobuyuki Minamoto. "Diarrhea-Inducing Activity of Avian Rotavirus NSP4 Glycoproteins, Which Differ Greatly from Mammalian Rotavirus NSP4 Glycoproteins in Deduced Amino Acid Sequence, in Suckling Mice." Journal of Virology 76, no. 11 (June 1, 2002): 5829–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.76.11.5829-5834.2002.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT Avian rotavirus NSP4 glycoproteins expressed in Escherichia coli acted as enterotoxins in suckling mice, as did mammalian rotavirus NSP4 glycoproteins, despite great differences in the amino acid sequences. The enterotoxin domain of PO-13 NSP4 exists in amino acid residues 109 to 135, a region similar to that reported in SA11 NSP4.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Wray-Cahen, D., P. R. Beckett, H. V. Nguyen, and T. A. Davis. "Insulin-stimulated amino acid utilization during glucose and amino acid clamps decreases with development." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 273, no. 2 (August 1, 1997): E305—E314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1997.273.2.e305.

Full text

Abstract:

Neonatal animals utilize their dietary amino acids for protein accretion with high efficiency, and this efficiency declines during early life. The factors responsible for this developmental change are unknown. Our objectives were to determine whether amino acid (AA) utilization is stimulated by insulin in the neonate and whether this response changes during the suckling period. Two hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp infusion studies, using 10-2,000 ng insulin.kg-0.66.min-1, were performed in 7- and 26-day-old pigs. In study I, no AA were provided during the infusion, and the resultant decline in plasma AA levels was defined. In study II, plasma AA were clamped at near-fasting levels, and whole body utilization of exogenous AA was determined by measuring the rate of infusion of an AA mixture necessary to maintain basal plasma lysine concentrations. In study I, the half-maximal effective dose (ED50) for the fall in AA concentrations with increasing plasma insulin concentration was lower in 7- than in 26-day-old pigs, and the nadir in AA concentration was achieved by only 20 microU/ml insulin. In study II, the utilization of exogenous AA during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic AA clamps exhibited a higher maximum response (Rmax) (49 vs. 26 mumol AAtotal.min-1.kg-1) and a lower ED50 (18 vs. 45 microU insulin/ml) in 7- than in 26-day-old pigs. Plasma urea nitrogen concentrations did not rise with increasing insulin and AA infusion rates. These results indicate that insulin stimulates the utilization of exogenous AA in neonatal pigs and that both the insulin sensitivity and responsiveness of AA utilization decline over the suckling period. The infused AA were likely utilized for protein accretion.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Morán, Lara, Sonia Andrés, Javier Mateo, Carolina Blanco, Sergio Soto, and Francisco Javier Giráldez. "Effect of dietary carnosic acid on meat quality from suckling lambs." Small Ruminant Research 121, no. 2-3 (October 2014): 314–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2014.08.003.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Soppela, P., M. Nieminen, and T. Moilanen. "Serum fatty acid composition in reindeer calves during peak suckling period." Rangifer 13, no. 3 (December 1, 1993): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/2.13.2.1101.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

O'Connor-Robison∗, C. I., M. J. Piotrow, C. L. Carlton, K. L. Waite, J. E. Shelle, and N. Trottier. "Serum amino acid profiles in the foal pre and post suckling." Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 29, no. 5 (May 2009): 371–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2009.04.075.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Troudi, Afef, Ibtissem Ben Amara, Nejla Soudani, Hanen Bouaziz, Tahia Boudawara, and Najiba Zeghal. "Oxidative stress induced by gibberellic acid in bone of suckling rats." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 74, no. 4 (May 2011): 643–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2010.10.010.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Novak, D. A., M. S. Kilberg, and M. J. Beveridge. "Ontogeny and plasma-membrane domain localization of amino acid transport system L in rat liver." Biochemical Journal 301, no. 3 (August 1, 1994): 671–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3010671.

Full text

Abstract:

Na(+)-independent hepatic transport of branched-chain amino acids occurs via at least two distinct transport processes. System L1, characterized by micromolar Km values, predominates in hepatoma and fetal hepatocytes, whereas System L2, distinguished by Km values in the millimolar range and sensitivity to inhibition by N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), predominates in adult hepatocytes. To determine the plasma-membrane domain localization and ontogeny of System L activity in the rat, we prepared membrane vesicles from the livers of suckling (10 days old) and adult rats enriched for either basolateral (BLMV) or canalicular (CMV) domains. The initial rate of [3H]leucine uptake into BLMV and CMV derived from adult liver was significantly inhibited by the addition of 5 mM NEM; transport into BLMV and CMV derived from 10-day-old rat liver was not affected. Michaelis-Menten kinetic parameters estimated in BLMV derived from adult liver were consistent with System L2 (Km = 2.16 +/- 0.62 mM, Vmax. = 781 +/- 109 pmol/5 s per mg of protein), as were those estimated in adult CMV (Km = 0.83 +/- 0.21 mM, Vmax. = 385 +/- 38 pmol/5 s per mg of protein). Conversely, kinetic parameters estimated in BLMV derived from livers of suckling rats were consistent with System L1 (Km = 0.041 +/- 0.024 mM, Vmax. = 8.8 +/- 1.5 pmol/5 s per mg of protein), as were those from CMV of suckling rats (Km = 0.023 +/- 0.09 mM, Vmax. = 28.1 +/- 2.1 pmol/5 s per mg of protein). We conclude that NEM-inhibitable Na(+)-independent leucine transport activity consistent with System L2 is present in both BLMV and CMV derived from adult rat liver, whereas System L1 predominates in 10-day-old rat liver tissue.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Wijendran, Vasuki, Ian Downs, Cynthia Tyburczy Srigley, Kumar S. D. Kothapalli, Woo Jung Park, Bryant S. Blank, J. Paul Zimmer, C. M. Butt, Norman Salem, and J. Thomas Brenna. "Dietary arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid regulate liver fatty acid desaturase (FADS) alternative transcript expression in suckling piglets." Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids 89, no. 5 (October 2013): 345–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plefa.2013.08.004.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Sinclair, K. D., P. J. Broadbent, and J. S. M. Hutchinson. "The effect of pre- and post-partum energy and protein supply on the blood metabolites and reproductive performance of single- and twin-suckling beef cows." Animal Science 59, no. 3 (December 1994): 391–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100007911.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractChanges in certain blood metabolites, serum progesterone concentration and pregnancy rate, were monitored for single- and twin-suckling cows in two experiments. In experiment 1, cows were managed to achieve condition scores at calving of 2·1 (low) and 3·1 (moderate). Subsequently, these animals were placed on a fixed level of energy intake (80 MJ metabolizable energy (ME) per day) for 16 weeks. Post-partum diets contained differing amounts of digestible undegradable protein (DUP), but similar amounts of effective rumen degradable protein (ERDP). In experiment 2, all cows were fed to achieve a condition score at calving of around 2·75. These animals were subsequently placed on two levels of energy intake (80 MJ and 130 MJ ME per day) for 16 weeks. The diets providing these levels of energy intake also contained differing amounts of DUP. Pregnancies were established by embryo transfer following induced oestrus.Cows in moderate body condition at calving subsequently had higher (P < 0·05) serum non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations. Cows on 130 MJ ME per day had lower serum NEFA concentrations than cows on 80 MJ ME per day. Cows given higher DUP diets had higher (P <0 ·05) serum NEFA concentrations when in negative energy balance and lower serum NEFA concentrations when close to energy equilibrium than cows given lower DUP diets. Twin-suckling cows had higher (P < 0·05) serum NEFA concentrations than single-suckling cows, but only during the first 3 weeks post partum. Plasma glucose concentrations were below 3 mmol/lfor twin-suckling cows until week 7 post partum when they became similar to the values for single-suckling cows. Serum D-3-hydroxybutyrate concentrations mirrored those of plasma glucose. Serum urea-nitrogen concentrations were high for twin-suckling cows on 80 MJ ME per day and single-suckling cows on 130 MJ ME per day.Neither body condition at calving nor post-partum energy intake significantly influenced the time taken for cows to overcome anovulation nor did they significantly influence the proportion of cows which eventually resumed normal oestrous cyclicity. DUP concentration in the post-partum diet had no overall effect on the various measures of fertility assessed but thin cows at calving subsequently placed on the high DUP diet took longer to ovulate (55 days; P < 0·05) and had the lowest pregnancy rate (0·30). The post-partum anovulatory period was longer (P < 0·01) by 27 days in experiment 1 and 12 days in experiment 2 for hvin-suckling cows compared with singlesuckling cows. A lower proportion (P < 0·001) of twin-suckling cows regained oestrous cyclicity and became pregnant in experiment 1. Fertility traits were improved when twin-suckling cows were in moderate body condition at calving and/or offered 130 MJ ME per day during the post-partum period.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Lin, Xi, Kwanseob Shim, and Jack Odle. "Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I control of acetogenesis, the major pathway of fatty acid β-oxidation in liver of neonatal swine." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 298, no. 5 (May 2010): R1435—R1443. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00634.2009.

Full text

Abstract:

To examine the regulation of hepatic acetogenesis in neonatal swine, carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I) activity was measured in the presence of varying palmitoyl-CoA (substrate) and malonyl-CoA (inhibitor) concentrations, and [1-14C]-palmitate oxidation was simultaneously measured. Accumulation rates of 14C-labeled acetate, ketone bodies, and citric acid cycle intermediates within the acid-soluble products were determined using radio-HPLC. Measurements were conducted in mitochondria isolated from newborn, 24-h (fed or fasted), and 5-mo-old pigs. Acetate rather than ketone bodies was the predominant radiolabeled product, and its production increased twofold with increasing fatty acid oxidation during the first 24-h suckling period. The rate of acetogenesis was directly proportional to CPT I activity. The high activity of CPT I in 24-h-suckling piglets was not attributable to an increase in CPT I gene expression, but rather to a large decrease in the sensitivity of CPT I to malonyl-CoA inhibition, which offset a developmental decrease in affinity of CPT I for palmitoyl-CoA. Specifically, the IC50 for malonyl-CoA inhibition and Km value for palmitoyl-CoA measured in 24-h-suckling pigs were 1.8- and 2.7-fold higher than measured in newborn pigs. The addition of anaplerotic carbon from malate (10 mM) significantly reduced 14C accumulation in acetate ( P < 0.003); moreover, the reduction was much greater in newborn (80%) than in 24-h-fed (72%) and 5-mo-old pigs (55%). The results demonstrate that acetate is the primary product of hepatic mitochondrial β-oxidation in Sus scrofa and that regulation during early development is mediated primarily via kinetic modulation of CPT I.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Coupe, C., D. Perdereau, P. Ferre, Y. Hitier, M. Narkewicz, and J. Girard. "Lipogenic enzyme activities and mRNA in rat adipose tissue at weaning." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 258, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): E126—E133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1990.258.1.e126.

Full text

Abstract:

The activities and mRNA concentrations of two lipogenic enzymes, fatty acid synthetase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and one enzyme involved in glyceroneogenesis, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), were measured in rat white adipose tissue during the suckling-weaning transition. Activities and mRNA concentrations of lipogenic enzymes were low in suckling rats, whereas activity and mRNA concentration of PEPCK were high. At weaning to a high-carbohydrate diet, the rapid increase in lipogenic enzymes mRNA (10- to 20-fold) and decrease in PEPCK mRNA (10-fold) were followed by parallel changes in enzyme activities. In contrast, weaning to a high-fat diet prevented these modifications. Force feeding suckling rats with carbohydrates induced a rise in blood glucose and plasma insulin concentrations. During these experiments, mRNA concentrations increased 10- to 20-fold for lipogenic enzymes and decreased 5-fold for PEPCK in less than 6 h, whereas all enzyme activities did not vary. This suggests a pretranslational regulation of gene expression. Force feeding suckling rats with a mixture of fat devoid of carbohydrate induced a slight increase in plasma insulin concentration and a fall in PEPCK mRNA but was not accompanied by a rise in lipogenic enzyme mRNAs. This suggested that insulin is a prime regulator of PEPCK gene expression, whereas glucose and insulin act synergistically in the regulation of lipogenic enzyme gene expression.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Oriani, G., G. Maiorano, F. Filetti, C. Di Cesare, A. Manchisi, and G. Salvatori. "Effect of age on fatty acid composition of Italian Merino suckling lambs." Meat Science 71, no. 3 (November 2005): 557–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2005.04.040.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Scerra, M., P. Caparra, F. Foti, V. Galofaro, M. C. Sinatra, and V. Scerra. "Influence of ewe feeding systems on fatty acid composition of suckling lambs." Meat Science 76, no. 3 (July 2007): 390–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2006.04.033.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Contos, J. J. A., N. Fukushima, J. A. Weiner, D. Kaushal, and J. Chun. "Requirement for the lpA1 lysophosphatidic acid receptor gene in normal suckling behavior." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 97, no. 24 (November 21, 2000): 13384–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.24.13384.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Topouchian, A., N. Kapel, J.-F. Huneau, L. Barbot, D. Magne, D. Tomé, and J.-G. Gobert. "Impairment of amino-acid absorption in suckling rats infected with Cryptosporidium parvum." Parasitology Research 87, no. 11 (November 2001): 891–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004360100441.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Cleary, Margot P., Frederick C. Phillips, and Ruth A. Morton. "Liver, serum and adipose tissue fatty acid composition in suckling zucker rats." Lipids 29, no. 11 (November 1994): 753–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02536696.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Wang, Huan, Hyeok Min Yun, and In Ho Kim. "Evaluation of dietary-coated omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on reproduction performance, growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and blood profiles in lactating sows and suckling piglets." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 101, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 473–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2020-0074.

Full text

Abstract:

A total of 16 sows (Landrace × Yorkshire) were used in a 33-d trial (7 d before expected parturition) to determine the effects of dietary-coated omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on reproduction performance, growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and blood profiles in lactating sows and suckling piglets. Pigs were randomly allotted into two treatments with eight replicates per treatment, and the parity was 4.9. The dietary treatments were as follows: CON, corn–soybean-meal-based diet [omega-6:omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) ratio of 17:1] and TRT, CON + 0.9% omega-3 PUFA (omega-6:omega-3 PUFA ratio of 5:1). The supplementation of coated omega-3 increased piglet’s body weight (BW) (day 7) and average daily gain (ADG) (days 0–7) (P < 0.05) from farrowing to weanling compared with control. No differences (P > 0.05) were observed on reproduction performance, nutrient digestibility, and blood profile in sows. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that the dietary supplementation of 0.9% omega-3 PUFA in corn–soybean-meal-based diet (omega-6:omega3 PUFA ratio of 5:1) improved BW and ADG of suckling piglets during the first week.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Hwang, Sandy T., and Susan J. Henning. "Hormonal regulation of expression of ileal bile acid binding protein in suckling rats." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 278, no. 6 (June 1, 2000): R1555—R1563. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.2000.278.6.r1555.

Full text

Abstract:

Ileal bile acid binding protein (IBABP) is a cytosolic protein believed to be involved in the absorption of conjugated bile acids. In rodents this protein and its mRNA have been shown to increase markedly during the third postnatal week. Because this period of ontogeny is characterized by increasing circulating concentrations of glucocorticoids and thyroxine, the goal of our study was to investigate the role of these hormones in IBABP expression in the developing rat. Administration of various doses of dexamethasone (Dex) during the second postnatal week caused a robust induction of IBABP mRNA and protein. Plateau levels of IBABP mRNA occurred at a Dex dose of 0.1 μg/g body wt, which is within the physiological range. IBABP mRNA was not appreciably induced until 24 h after treatment, suggesting that glucocorticoids influence IBABP either through a delayed primary or a secondary response mechanism. The regional pattern of IBABP mRNA elicited by Dex mimicked that seen during normal development, with appearance in distal ileum preceding proximal ileum. Thyroxine injections did not result in a significant increase of IBABP mRNA, and synergism between Dex and thyroxine was not observed. Taken together, our data suggest that maturation of IBABP expression is influenced by glucocorticoids but not by thyroxine.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Pike, Brandon, Julie Hicks, Jinan Zhao, Hsiao-Ching Liu, Jack Odle, and Lin Xi. "Maternal Supplementation of Clofibrate Stimulates Intestinal Fatty Acid Oxidation in Newborn Suckling Piglets." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 542. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab042_009.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the effects of maternal feeding of clofibrate, a pharmaceutical PPARα agonist, on the development of intestinal fatty acid metabolism in offspring using the pig as a model. Methods A total of 27 pregnant sows were randomly assigned into three treatment groups. Each group was fed a standard diet (3265 kcal ME/kg) supplemented with either 0, 0.25% or 0.5% clofibrate (w/w) from d 107 of gestation to d 7 of lactation. A piglet from each litter was sampled on 1, 7, 14 and 19 d of age. Fatty acid oxidation was examined in homogenates of ileum mucosa using 1 mM [1–14C] oleic acid as a substrate in the absence or presence of in vitro supplemented L-carnitine (1 mM), malonate (10 mM) or carnitine + malonate. Results The metabolism of [1–14C] oleic acid was modified by the maternal clofibrate, and the effects varied with the dose of clofibrate and postnatal age (p < 0.001). The 14C accumulation in 14CO2 increased by 2.4 fold at d7 (vs d1), but showed no difference after d7. Maternal clofibrate stimulated the 14CO2 accumulation from d1 to d19, but the stimulation decreased with postnatal age. The 14C accumulation in acid soluble products (14C-ASP) was reduced by 8.4 fold at d7 (vs d1), and no difference was observed after d7. Maternal clofibrate increased 14C-ASP at d1, and the effect was greater as maternal clofibrate was incremented from 0.25 to 0.5%. The 14C accumulation in esterified products (14C-ESP) was greater at d7 than d1, 14 and 19. Maternal clofibrate reduced the 14C-ESP and, again the reduction was stronger with increasing clofibrate dose. In vitro supplementation of carnitine increased 14CO2 by 60% and 14C-ASP by 120%, but reduced 14C-ESP by 39% compared to control incubations. Supplementation of malonate reduced 14CO2 by 95% and 14C-ESP by 44%, but no effect on 14C-ASP was detected. Conclusions Maternal dietary supplementation of clofibrate increases intestinal fatty acid oxidation in suckling offspring, but the increase is attenuated after one week. Inhibition of the TCA cycle reduces CO2 production without affecting ASP. The availability of carnitine could be a key element to maintain a high rate of intestinal fatty acid oxidation during the neonatal period. Funding Sources Supported by Program of Animal Nutrition, Growth and Lactation [grant no. 2015–67015-23245/project accession no. 1005855] from the USDA NIFA.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Suckling acid'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles