Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Successive synthesis'

Background: Systematic reviews are used increasingly to synthesise research for policy and practice decisions. Systematic reviews use transparent, explicit and consistent methods to identify, appraise and integrate research evidence, to inform existing assumptions. Traditionally used to examine the effects of health care, systematic review methods have evolved to address more complex issues across health and social policy. Framework synthesis is one systematic review method employed to address such complexity. Adapted from framework analysis used in primary research, framework synthesis begins with an a priori conceptual framework, which develops iteratively as new data are incorporated and themes derived from the data. Framework synthesis has been used increasingly in qualitative and mixed-method systematic reviews, sometimes incorporating stakeholder consultation to describe and interpret review findings. Aims: This thesis will demonstrate how my development of framework synthesis methods is situated within, and contributes to, wider debates about research synthesis methods in systematic reviews. Methods: I conducted an overview of systematic reviews. A systematic review of the literature discussing or employing framework synthesis methods was conducted. Included studies were ordered and synthesised using framework synthesis methods. The resulting conceptual framework structured the assessment of each of the submitted publications (the ‘thesis reviews’). Findings were subsequently incorporated into the conceptual framework and higher order themes derived using constant comparative analysis. Results: This thesis distinguishes two key approaches to framework synthesis: one approach that constructs a framework (often in discussion with stakeholders) to accommodate research from across academic disciplines and/or policy sectors; and the ‘best-fit’ approach that borrows a framework from a related area to initiate synthesis within a narrower disciplinary or policy scope. Its utility is demonstrated in handling mixed methods and mixed sources reviews, using diverse data types and synthesis methods in order to generate, explore and/or test theory in collaboration with stakeholders. I conclude that framework synthesis is a very flexible research synthesis method that can meet the complex conditions and epistemology arising from public health policy issues.

This study addresses the criticism leveled at A.C.T. Mathematics teachers with regard to their failure to use any other method of teaching than chalk-and-talk. By considering the changed needs of society for mathematics and the changed perceptions by society of education, the criticism is placed in context. The importance of spatial ability for mathematics is examined in the context of theories of cognitive abilities and its current under utilization within the classroom. On the basis of the increased need to utilize more talent the study was designed to operationalise in the classroom the constructs of simultaneous and successive synthesis, derived from Luria's model of brain functioning. The question of gender differences in mathematics achievment and spatial ability is addressed. The possible role of the maturation of language in determining differences in the acquistion of ability to form simultaneous synthesis is briefly discussed. The study was designed to utilize and enhance simultaneous synthesis. By demonstrating an Aptitude-Treatment Interaction it was intended to confirm that students, who function at a high level in simultaneous synthesis but at a low level in successive synthesis, would achieve more with experience with spatial activates than in a more traditional chalk-and-talk classroom. Gender differences in achievement were not found. Gender differences in successive/simultaneous profiles were found in accordance with theory predictions. The need for the duration of longer treatment periods is briefly discussed in the context of funding and the appearance of greater efficiency of traditional teaching methods when the students are functioning at the highest level of symbolic thought.

Les communications numériques sont omniprésentes dans les objets communicants de la vie courante . L'évolution des standards de communications, la diminution des délais de mise sur le marché et l’hétérogénéité des cadres applicatifs complexifient les défis à relever par les concepteurs de circuits numériques. Les technologies mobiles de cinquième génération (5G) sont une illustration des enjeux actuels. Dans ce contexte, le développement de circuits numériques pour l'implantation de décodeurs de codes correcteurs d'erreurs s’avère particulièrement difficile. La synthèse haut niveau (HLS) est une des méthodologies de conception qui permet le prototypage rapide d'architectures numériques. Cette méthodologie est basée sur l’utilisation de descriptions comportementales pour générer des architectures matérielles. Cependant, le développement de modèles comportementaux efficaces est primordial pour la génération d’architectures performantes. Les travaux présentés dans le cadre de cette thèse ont pour thème la définition de modèles comportementaux efficaces pour la génération d'architectures de décodeurs de codes correcteurs d'erreurs pour les codes LDPC et les codes polaires. Ces deux familles de codes correcteurs d’erreurs sont celles qui ont été adoptées dans le standard 5G. Les modèles comportementaux développés se doivent d’allier flexibilité, rapidité de prototypage et efficacité.Une première contribution significative des travaux de thèse est la proposition de deux modèles comportementaux permettant la génération d'architectures matérielles efficaces pour le décodage de codes LDPC. Ces modèles sont génériques et associés à une méthodologie flexible. Ils favorisent l’exploration de l'espace des solutions architecturales. Ainsi une multitude de compromis entre le débit, la latence et la complexité matérielle est obtenue. En outre, cette contribution constitue une avancée significative vis-à-vis de l'état de l'art concernant la génération automatique d'architectures de décodeurs LDPC. Enfin les performances atteintes par les architectures synthétisées sont similaires à celles d’architectures conçues manuellement à l’aide d’un flot de conception traditionnel. Une deuxième contribution des travaux de thèse est la proposition d’un premier modèle comportemental favorisant la génération d'architectures matérielles de décodeurs de codes polaires à l’aide d’un flot de synthèse de haut niveau. Ce modèle générique permet lui aussi une exploration efficace de l'espace des solutions architecturales. Il est à noter que les performances des décodeurs polaires synthétisés sont similaires à celles des architectures de décodage rapportés dans l’état de l’art. Une troisième contribution des travaux de thèse concerne le développement d'un modèle comportemental de décodeur de codes polaires implantant un algorithme "à Liste", à savoir l'algorithme de décodage par annulation successive à liste. Cet algorithme de décodage permet d’obtenir de meilleures performances de décodage au prix d’un surcoût calculatoire important. Ce surcoût se répercute sur la complexité matérielle de l’architecture de décodage. Il est à souligner que le modèle comportemental proposé est le premier modèle pour des décodeurs de codes polaires basés sur un algorithme "à Liste"
Digital communications are ubiquitous in the communicating objects of everyday life. Evolving communication standards, shorter time-to-market, and heterogeneous applications make the design for digital circuit more challenging. Fifth generation (5G) mobile technologies are an illustration of the current and future challenges. In this context, the design of digital architectures for the implementation of error-correcting code decoders will often turn out to be especially difficult. High Level Synthesis (HLS) is one of the computer-aided design (CAO) methodologies that facilitates the fast prototyping of digital architectures. This methodology is based on behavioral descriptions to generate hardware architectures. However, the design of efficient behavioral models is essential for the generation of high-performance architectures. The results presented in this thesis focus on the definition of efficient behavioral models for the generation of error-correcting code decoder architectures dedicated tp LDPC codes and polar codes. These two families of error-correcting codes are the ones adopted in the 5G standard. The proposed behavioural models have to combine flexibility, fast prototyping and efficiency.A first significant contribution of the research thesis is the proposal of two behavioural models that enables the generation of efficient hardware architectures for the decoding of LDPC codes. These models are generic. They are associated with a flexible methodology. They make the space exploration of architectural solutions easier. Thus, a variety of trade-offs between throughput, latency and hardware complexity are obtained. Furthermore, this contribution represents a significant advance in the state of the art regarding the automatic generation of LDPC decoder architectures. Finally, the performances that are achieved by generated architectures are similar to that of handwritten architectures with an usual CAO methodology.A second contribution of this research thesis is the proposal of a first behavioural model dedicated to the generation of hardware architectures of polar code decoders with a high-level synthesis methodology. This generic model also enables an efficient exploration of the architectural solution space. It should be noted that the performance of synthesized polar decoders is similar to that of state-of-the-art polar decoding architectures.A third contribution of the research thesis concerns the definition of a polar decoder behavioural model that is based on a "list" algorithm, known as successive cancellation list decoding algorithm. This decoding algorithm enables to achieve higher decoding performance at the cost of a significant computational overhead. This additional cost can also be observed on the hardware complexity of the resulting decoding architecture. It should be emphasized that the proposed behavioural model is the first model for polar code decoders based on a "list" algorithm

This dissertation examines treaty succession, the extent to which new states take on treaties signed by their predecessor political entities. The last twenty years have witnessed the emergence of complex inheritance of international obligations by new countries, which have often invoked the practice of postcolonial and post-Soviet governments when either accepting or renouncing preexisting legal ties. Although international lawyers have perennially provided prescriptions to solve attendant predicaments in this area, the topic has rarely been addressed by international relations theorists. Through historical research, this dissertation tracks the development of and interaction between two competing telic behaviors among nascent states confronted by vexing questions about the inheritance of international obligations since the end of the Second World War. Its central findings are that, (1) during decolonization, states renounced many preexisting treaties according to notions of self-determination, aimed at autonomously defining their relationship to the international community; whereas, (2) amid the dissolution of the Soviet Union, quite divergent state behavior emerged, namely that states developed a competing approach based on custodianship to existing international legal relations. Finally, in a third period leading up to 2014, this study documents the interplay between these two purposeful forms of inheritance of international obligations, illustrating that their underlying conceptions may sometimes serve as complementary forces. Empirical research proceeds by examining dominant understandings of relevant law as well as the practice of states in three distinct periods. The conduct of states is evaluated in aggregate and through case studies. This dissertation advances a critique of recent scholarship suggesting that the practice of post-colonial states and the 1978 Vienna Convention on Succession of States in respect of Treaties have become largely irrelevant to contemporary treaty succession.

A unique process of fabricating a strained layer GexSi1-x on insulator is demonstrated. Such strained heterostructures are useful in the fabrication of high-mobility transistors. This technique incorporates well-established silicon processing technology e.g., ion implantation and thermal oxidation. A dilute GeSi layer is initially formed by implanting Ge+ into a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate. Thermal oxidation segregates the Ge at the growing oxide interface to form a distinct GexSi1-x thin-film with a composition that can be tailored by controlling the oxidation parameters (e.g. temperature and oxidation ambient). In addition, the film thickness can be controlled by implantation fluence, which is important since the film forms pseudomorphically below 2×1016 Ge/cm2. Continued oxidation consumes the underlying Si leaving the strained GeSi film encapsulated by the two oxide layers, i.e. the top thermal oxide and the buried oxide. Removal of the thermal oxide by a dilute HF etch completes the process. Strain relaxation can be achieved by either of two methods. One involves vacancy injection by ion implantation to introduce sufficient open-volume within the film to compensate for the compressive strain. The other depends upon the formation of GeO2. If Ge is oxidized in the absence of Si, it evaporates as GeO(g) resulting in spontaneous relaxation within the strained film. Conditions under which this occurs have been discussed along with elaborated results of oxidation kinetics of Ge-ion implanted silicon. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), ion channeling, Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used as the characterization techniques.

L’utilisation de terres rares dans des dispositifs d’enregistrement de données est très coûteux et polluant. Leur remplacement par de l’oxyde de fer permettrait de s’affranchir de cela. En-dessous d’une taille de 20 nm, les nanoparticules d’oxyde de fer ne peuvent pas être considérées comme des aimants permanents. Une alternative consiste à les combiner à une autre phase magnétique pour permettre d’augmenter leur anisotropie magnétique via un couplage d’échange interfacial au sein de nanoparticules de type coeur@coquille. En revanche la stabilité magnétique de ces dernières reste insuffisante. L’objectif de cette thèse est de concevoir un nouveau type de nanoparticules magnétiques de type coeur@coquille@coquille avec un cœur de Fe3-dO4 et des coquilles de CoFe2O4, CoO ou NiO qui a permis d’augmenter encore les propriétés magnétiques tout en conservant une taille inférieure à 18 nm. L’étude approfondie de leur relation structure-propriété a été réalisée au moyen d’un large éventail de techniques
The use of rare earths in data storage devices is expensive and polluting. Their replacement with iron oxide would make it possible to avoid this. Below a size of 20 nm, iron oxide nanoparticles cannot be considered as permanent magnet. An alternative is to combine them with another magnetic phase to enhance their magnetic anisotropy via interfacial exchange coupling within core@shell nanoparticles. However, the magnetic stability of the latter remains insufficient. The scope of this thesis is to design a new type of magnetic nanoparticles of core@shell@shell structure with a Fe3-dO4 core and CoFe2O4, CoO or NiO as shells which has further enhance the magnetic properties while maintaining a size below 18 nm. The in-depth study of their structure-properties relationship was carried out using a wide set of analytical techniques

La synthese de l'acetylcholine (accho) depend de l'approvisionnement en choline libre (cho) et de l'acetylcoenzyme a. La cho peut etre transportee du milieu extracellulaire mais aussi synthetisee par methylations successives de l'ethanolamine (etn). Cette these montre que les cellules de neuroblastome humain la-n-1 et la-n-2 sont capables de methyler l'etn et la phosphoetn en cho et en phosphatidylcholine (ptdcho). En absence de cho extracellulaire (choe), les cellules cholinergiques la-n-2 sont capables de methyler l'etn pour palier au manque de choe et la cho ainsi synthetisee peut etre utilisee pour la synthese de l'accho. Apres differenciation cellulaire par l'acide retinoique, les resultats ont montre une augmentation de la methylation des composes hydrosolubles et une diminution des composes phospholipidiques de l'etn dans les deux cellules. La voie de methylation de phosphatidyletanolamine en ptdcho dans les cellules la-n-1 et la voie de methylation de phosphoryl-etn en phosphoryl-cho dans les cellules la-n-2 sont sous controle des recepteurs muscariniques. Dans les cellules la-n-2, l'isoproterenol stimule la synthese de cho et de ptdcho. La methylation des composes hydrosolubles de l'etn existe donc dans les cellules de neuroblastome humain et peut etre activee par la differenciation

A meta do trabalho é propor e testar a hipótese que a contagem de tráfego nas interseções da rede de transportes, ao invés de contagem de tráfego nos arcos, reduz o grau de indeterminação e torna mais precisa a matriz OD estimada pelo modelo sintético. Ademais, é proposto e detalhado um método de estimação da matriz OD através de médias sucessivas (MEMS). É apresentada a descrição matemática das propostas e o detalhamento dos experimentos elaborados para testá-las. Três métodos de estimação, QUEENSOD, TransCAD e MEMS, foram utilizados na verificação da hipótese. A inserção de \"arcos virtuais\" na rede de transportes constituiu um artifício que permitiu aos programas QUEENSOD e TransCAD realizarem a estimação utilizando fluxos observados nas interseções. A utilização de contagens de fluxo nas interseções propiciou à matriz OD estimada, melhorias que acarretaram sua aproximação com a matriz OD \"real\". O experimento mostrou que a matriz OD estimada ao considerar contagens de tráfego nas interseções apresenta melhor desempenho em comparação a matriz estimada ao considerar contagens nos arcos da rede de transportes. A matriz estimada gradativamente aproximou-se da \"real\" à medida que foi aumentada a quantidade de informação de fluxo e sua distribuição na rede. Assim, a hipótese formulada para este trabalho não pôde ser refutada.
The aim of this work is to propose and test the hypothesis that traffic counts collected at network intersections, instead of traffic counts collected at links, reduce indeterminacy and make more accurate the OD matrix estimated by the synthetic model. Furthermore, a method is proposed and described in detail to estimate the OD matrix based on successive averages (MEMS). The model formulation of the proposals and a description of the experiments are presented. Three estimation methods, QUEENSOD, TransCAD, and MEMS were used in the hypothesis verification. The use of \"virtual links\" in the network consists of an artifice that enable the QUEENSOD and TransCAD to estimate the OD matrix based on traffic counts at intersection. By using flow counts conducted at intersections, improvements could be made to the estimated OD matrix bringing it closer to \"real situations\". The experiments results show that the OD matrix estimation based on traffic counts collected on network intersection has a better performance in contrast to the estimation based on traffic counts collected on network links. The estimated matrix gradually becomes closer to \"real situations\" while the quantity of information flow and its distribution to the network is increased. Therefore, the formulated hypothesis for this work cannot be refuted.

Anticosti Island, located in the Gulf of St. Lawrence in eastern Canada, is one of the few places in the world where the Ordovician/Silurian boundary is well preserved and exposed. Its relatively undeformed shallow-water carbonate sequence of approximately 900 m in thickness is rich in fossils and is known to contain traces of hydrocarbons. The island has been for decades the subject of several geological studies, but its stratigraphic succession was never successfully mapped precisely because of its dense forest cover present over almost 95% of its vast territory. This study provides new mapping tools and techniques to support the geological representation of the island stratigraphic succession. Airborne SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) data acquired with the active radar system onboard of the former CCRS (Canada Centre for Remote Sensing) Convair-580 aircraft, in single and fully polarimetric modes and with different viewing geometry, were qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated by means of image interpretation and polarimetric analysis for their mapping potential over the densely forested study area. The airborne SAR data, supported with ancillary geoscience data sets and derivative topographic related products, have resulted in the availability of valuable and accurate terrain information such as topographic variations associated with the gently inclined recessive and resistant strata of the island succession. It also provided with information on the polarimetric scattering mechanism of the vegetation cover overlying the surface deposits and bedrock geology, suggesting a possible preferential distribution. With almost 50% of the Canadian territory covered by forest, radar remote sensing, as demonstrated by this study, is a cost-effective tool to produce more accurate regional structural and geological map in areas where traditional mapping campaigns failed due to the presence of an extensive vegetation cover.

This study mainly addresses the problem of estimating the prior earthquake damage on the response of reinforced concrete structures to future earthquakes. The motivation has arisen from the heavy damages or collapses that occurred in many reinforced concrete structures following two major earthquakes that recently occurred in the Marmara Region, Turkey. The analysis tool employed for this purpose is the package named IDARC2D. Deterioration parameters of IDARC'
s hysteretic model have been calibrated using a search method. In the calibration process experimental data of a total of twenty-two beam and column specimens, tested under constant and variable amplitude displacement histories, has been used. Fine-tuning of deterioration parameters is essential for more realistic predictions about inelastic behavior and structural damage. In order to provide more realistic damage prediction, three ranges of parameters are proposed. Some damage controlling structural parameters have been assessed via a large number of two-dimensional section analyses, inelastic time history and damage analyses of SDOF systems and seismic vulnerability analyses of reinforced concrete buildings. Inelastic time history and damage analyses of numerous SDOF systems have been carried out to determine whether the loading history has an effect on damage and dissipated hysteretic energy. Then this emphasis is directed to the analyses of MDOF systems. In the analyses of the SDOF systems, various forms of constant and variable amplitude inelastic displacement reversals and synthetic ground motions composed of one of the four earthquake records preceded or followed by its modified records acted as a prior or successive earthquake, have been used. The analyses of two five-story R/C buildings have been caried out using synthetic accelerograms comprised of base input provided by the two recorded ground motions. It is shown that both damage progression and cumulative hysteretic energy dissipated along a path seem to depend on the number and amplitude of cycles constituting the path. However, final damage and accumulated hysteretic energy dissipated along a loading path are independent of the ordering of the same number and amplitude cycles along the path. There is a nonlinear relationship between the earthquake excitation intensity and final damage attained in the end. Increase in the acceleration amplitude leads to exponential increase in damage. As the prior earthquake intensity increases the damage from the succeding main earthquake decreases. A definite ground motion acting as prior and successive earthquake causes substantially different amount of damage. Prior earthquake damage does not substantially affect the maximum drift response in future larger earthquakes. A MDOF frame type structure with aprior damage suffers less overall damage in an earthquake in comparison with the one without a prior damage.

Tomando como punto de partida el proceso revisión de los fundamentos matemáticos llevado a cabo durante el siglo XIX, este estudio se centra en uno de los conceptos matemáticos más importantes: el infinito. Es innegable la importancia de este concepto en el avance de las Matemáticas y es fácil encontrar ejemplos matemáticos en los que interviene (definición de límite, definición de derivada, definición de integral de Riemann, entre otras). Debido a que algunas de las paradojas y contradicciones originadas por la falta de rigor en las Matemáticas están relacionadas con este concepto, se comienza con el estudio epistemológico del concepto matemático del infinito revisando la bipolaridad que presentan algunos conceptos semánticos, definidos de forma inseparable y conjunta, constituyendo un único concepto como si representaran los polos de un imán. En este estudio se concluye que la bipolaridad revela que una lógica conceptual que puede asumir la comprensión de la negación, debe ser una lógica dialéctica, es decir que admite como verdaderas algunas contradicciones. En el caso del concepto matemático de lo finito-infinito, nos encontramos de nuevo con una bipolaridad lógica. Por todo lo expuesto se presenta una teoría no cantoriana para el infinito potencial y actual, basada en la imprecisión lingüística del concepto de infinito, y utilizando el concepto de conjunto homógono, formado por una sucesión convergente y su límite, previamente introducido por Leibniz, que permite aunar los dos polos del concepto de infinito en un único conjunto. Esta nueva teoría de conjuntos permitirá presentar en lenguaje homogónico, algunos de los conceptos fundamentales del análisis tales como, la diferencial y la integral, así como algunas aplicaciones a la Óptica y a la Mecánica Cuántica. Posteriormente se presenta la categoría lógica de la oposición cualitativa a través de diferentes ejemplos de diversas áreas de la ciencia, y se define, a través de tres reglas o normas básicas, el paso de la lógica aristotélica o analítica a la lógica sintética, que incluye al neutro como parte de la oposición cualitativa. Con la aplicación de estas normas a la oposición cualitativa y, en particular, a su neutro, se demuestra que la lógica sintética permite la verdad de algunas contradicciones. Esta lógica sintética es dialéctica y multivaluada y da a cada proposición un valor de verdad en el intervalo [0,1], que coincide con el cuadrado del módulo de un número complejo. Esto marca una notable novedad respecto de la lógica aristotélica o analítica que otorga valores de verdad reales, o incluso a la lógica difusa que, a pesar de ser una lógica multivaluada otorga valores de verdad reales en el intervalo [0,1]. En esta lógica dialéctica, las contradicciones del neutro de una oposición pueden ser verdaderas. Finalmente se plantea la aplicación de la lógica dialéctica, a la Mecánica Cuántica, cuyo carácter es no determinista y en la que es posible encontrar ejemplos de situaciones contradictorias debido a la dualidad onda-corpúsculo. Para ello se establece un isomorfismo entre la lógica dialéctica y la teoría de la probabilidad, a la que se añade el concepto de fortuidad, precisamente para reflejar el carácter no determinista.

Parmi les differents types de composes presentant des activites biologiques interessantes, les molecules possedant au moins un systeme bicyclique constituent une classe importante. Nous avons etudie une strategie de synthese de ces systemes en une etape basee sur une reaction intramoleculaire de diels-alder (ou reaction imda). Cette reaction met en jeu un precurseur lineaire comportant a ses extremites les entites diene et dienophile necessaires. Nous avons donc etudie des voies d'acces a divers precurseurs de ce type. Nous avons d'abord envisage de former des 4-azabicyclo4. 3. 0nonanes, ou indolizidines, par une strategie combinant une reaction de -pentadienylation d'-aminoaldehydes suivie d'une reaction imda entre un diene carbone et un dienophile de type iminium. Cette methodologie a ete exploitee pour synthetiser des precurseurs des myrmicarines 237 et 663. Ces molecules a structures complexes ont ete recemment isolees des glandes a poison de fourmis de type myrmicinae et sont susceptibles de presenter des activites inhibitrices de glycosidases. Dans le cadre de cette etude, nous avons mis au point les conditions convenables pour l'introduction regio et diastereoselective de l'unite dienique. D'autre part la diastereoselectivite de la reaction imda a ete etudiee de maniere approfondie. Dans un deuxieme temps, nous avons envisage de synthetiser des composes bicycliques comportant un atome de soufre. Nous voulions former des analogues d'antibiotiques comme les cephalosporines ainsi que des thiabicyclo4. 4. 0decanes par une reaction imda entre un dienophile de type thioaldehyde et des dienes respectivement azotes et carbones. Ces deux series de travaux ont en commun l'utilisation de precurseurs thiaethanoanthraceniques des thioaldehydes. Dans la premiere serie, un rearrangement inattendu a conduit a l'obtention d'une thienooxepine pontee. Enfin, une nouvelle methode d'obtention rapide des thiabicyclo4. 4. 0decanes par la cascade alperdada a ete mise au point.

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This doctoral thesis intends to analyze the main concepts of mental disease and the problematic relation between the organicism and the psychodinamism throughout the history of the psychopathologic ideas that came to constitute the scientific clinical psychiatry, from Philippe Pinel, in the beginning of XIX century, until the chaos of the no theoretical pretense descriptive of the official nosography of the end of XX century and beginning of XXI century (I.C.D.-10). The epistemologic conflict between the psychogenic and organogenic doctrines had resulted in many frustrated attempts of solution. The hermeneuticsynthetic psychopathology of Carl Gustav the Jung (1875-1961) and the phenomenonstructural psychopathology of Eugène Minkowski (1885-1972) stand out among the most promising proposals of XX century. The basic concepts of these authors keep an essential similarity, besides belonging to schools have different thoughts. However, their theorization go in parallel thinking about a psychopathologic formularization psychorganodinamic that is similar in its most essential principles. The antimechanist solution, anti-atomicist and antireductionist, of both, remind the current biological psychiatry that the desired and necessary consensual psychiatric theory will not do without a Metapsychopatology of the psychiatry that consider the irreducible biopsychosocial complexity of the normal or pathological human being. And, neither psychiatry will gain a satisfactory nosographic formularization while they don t reveal the mysteries of the complex etiology of mental disorders.
A presente tese de doutorado pretende analisar os principais conceitos de doença mental e a problemática relação entre o organicismo e o psicodinamismo ao longo da história das idéias psicopatológicas que vieram constituir a psiquiatria clínica científica, a partir de Philippe Pinel, no início do século XIX, até o caos da pretensa ateoricidade descritiva da nosografia oficial do final do século XX e início do século XXI (C.I.D.-10). O conflito epistemológico entre as doutrinas psicogênicas e organogênicas resultou em várias tentativas frustradas de solução. Dentre as mais promissoras propostas do século XX, destacam-se as da psicopatologia hermenêutico-sintética de Carl Gustav Jung (1875-1961) e da psicopatologia fenomeno-estrutural de Eugène Minkowski (1885-1972). Os conceitos fundamentais desses autores guardam uma semelhança essencial, apesar de pertencerem a escolas de pensamento diferentes; todavia, suas teorizações caminham paralelamente no sentido de uma formulação psicopatológica psicorganodinâmica muito parecida em seus princípios mais essenciais. A solução antimecanicista, anti-atomicista e anti-reducionista, de ambos, lembram à psiquiatria biológica atual que a tão desejada e necessária teoria psiquiátrica consensual não prescindirá de uma Metapsicopatologia da psiquiatria que considere a complexidade biopsicossocial irredutível do ser humano normal ou patológico. E, tampouco a psiquiatria chegará a uma formulação nosográfica satisfatória enquanto não desvendar os mistérios da etiologia complexa dos transtornos mentais.

碩士
國立交通大學
應用化學系碩博士班
104
Herein, a series of II-VI semiconductor core/shell QDs were synthesized by a two-step method (CdSe/CdS, CdSe/ZnSe, CdSe/CdS/ZnS, CdSe/ZnS,CdZnSe/CdS, and CdSeS/CdS). The reaction conditions were mild by adopting less toxic and less expensive reactants (cadmium oxide, S powder, Se powder, and zinc stearate) and passivating ligands (stearic acid, oleic acid, hexadecylamine,octadecylamine and trioxylphosphine oxide) instead of hazzardous organometallic precursors. Different conditions of various reaction temperatures and feeding ratios of Cd to Se were tested to accomplish the best CdSe cores for further shell decomposition. For shell growth, successive ion layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method offered a successful deposition of shell materials onto purified cores to avert homogeneous nucleation. Shell grew under moderate temperature (200 °C) in order to alleviate the alloy formation between the interface of core/shell and abate serious PL emission red-shift. The resulting PL spectra exhibited sharp peaks for most core/shell QDs and FWHM less than 40 nm, indicating satisfactory control of size distribution. After shell growth, the PL QY was significantly enhanced, especially for gradient alloy ternary cores. The resulting cores and core/shell QDs emitted light from yellow-green to red colors. This versatile synthetic methodology providing highly quality, high QY, and low-cost core/shell QDs opens a door to their applications in display and solar cells.

碩士
國立中興大學
物理學系所
101
AgBiS2 quantum dots were produced using successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) of Bi(NO3)3, Ag(NO3) and Na2S. The quantum dots were synthesized on a nanoporous TiO2 electrode. To improve efficiency, passivation treatments including a TiO2 under layer and additional treatments including annealing and an Au counter-electrode were used. The crystallinity and morphology were characterized by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The optical properties of the AgBiS2 quantum dots were characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy. Polysulfide was used as the electrolyte. The best cell yields a short-circuit current of 7.61 mA/cm2, an open circuit voltage of 0.18V, a fill factor of 38.6% and a power conversion efficiency of 0.529 % at one sun.

Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master's Degree in Technology: Homoeopathy, Technikon Natal, 2001.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of high and ultra-high dilutions (ranging from 10-8to 10-400)of Abscisic acid (ABA) on the synthesis of a-amylase in barley seed endosperm halves (Hordeum vulgare Stirling, ex Caledon, Western Cape, South Africa, 1999 harvest), in order to determine whether these dilutions are able to produce biological effects, as homoeopathic theory would maintain they are (Gaier,1991:445-447). A further aim of this study was to evaluate the role of succussion in the preparation of homoeopathic medicines. Central to the preparation of homoeopathic medicines is the principle of potentisation, which is a method of dilution that is unique to homoeopathy. It involves serial dilution with intervening mechanical agitation, called succussion, between each dilution level (Kayne, 1997:49). At each progressive stage of dilution the concentration of the solute diminishes, often beyond the point at which Avogadro's dilution limit of 6.022 X 1023 marl is exceeded, so that theoretically no solute molecules remain in the solution (Gaier, 1991:47-48). Homoeopathic theory maintains that remedies thus prepared do not lose their therapeutic power in the process of dilution, but that due to the intervening succussion, their efficacy is in fact enhanced. Hence succussion is considered to be the process that sets homoeopathic dilutions apart from simple dilutions, Kayne (1997:49) states that, 'This agitation is vitally important to the therapeutic efficacy of the remedy; dilution alone is not sufficient to produce the phenomenon'. In order to evaluate the role of succussion this study utilised five centesimal serial dilutions; the 4th, 9th, is'. so' and 200t \ which represent deconcentrations ranging from 10-8to 10-400, which dilution levels also span Avogadro's dilution limit. One series was prepared by diluting the ABA with intervening succussion and the other series was prepared by diluting the ABA without intervening succussion. The effects of these two methods on the production of a-amylase were then compared.
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