Journal articles on the topic 'Success factors-Technology-based entrepreneurship'

This research paper aims to propose and empirically test a theoretical model, positing relationships among entrepreneur, technology and resources. The applied methodology was completing a questionnaire survey by a random sample of undergraduate management and engineering students across five Romanian faculties. The results were based on structural equation modeling analysis. Results provide strong support for the proposition that the success of a good business idea strongly depends on some factors, including the capabilities of an entrepreneur, on the technology used to implement the idea and on the necessary resources. The paper demonstrates that the success of an idea in technological entrepreneurship, based on the potential young entrepreneurs point of view is influenced by the characteristics of the young entrepreneur, by his capabilities and his knowledge. The success is also influenced in some proportions by the innovation of technology, its development and globalization. The third category of the success factors is resources, which includes temporal resources, material resources, financial resources and informational resources. The conclusion of this research is that the most important factor for a successful business idea is the entrepreneur.

PurposeTechnological entrepreneurship has been a very significant topic in recent decades. It has a crucial role in economic modernization and growth. The need for technological entrepreneurship is because technology-based industries are expanding rapidly and are replacing traditional industries. Therefore, this study aimed at identifying the factors affecting the success of technological entrepreneurship in Iranian nanotechnology businesses.Design/methodology/approachThe research was conducted through mixed method. The participants in the qualitative section included 17 university experts and executive managers in the field of nanotechnology in Iran, and 75 nanotechnology business managers participated in the quantitative section. The interview and questionnaire were used to collect information. In order to measure and fit the models, the confirmatory factor analysis method and PLS3 software were used.FindingsThe results indicated that the key factors affecting the success of the technological entrepreneurship process in nanotechnology were classified into five general categories: organizational, environmental, institutional, individual and technology factors. Moreover, it was shown that all these dimensions had a positive and significant effect on technological entrepreneurship. In addition, the organizational dimension has an essential role.Originality/valueCompanies' ability to engage technological entrepreneurship is a vital factor in human resource management and strategic management. However, technological entrepreneurship in Iranian nanotechnology businesses has not been involved integrally in the context of companies.

There has been increased research interest in senior entrepreneurs and their potential contribution to the global economy. Nevertheless, the extant literature on senior entrepreneurship is often limited to considering some individual factors of entrepreneurship behavior without considering other factors linked to seniors’ environment. In this paper, we aim to understand the factors enhancing seniors to start a new business in Europe; factors linked to seniors’ environment — such as internet and information and communication technologies (ICT) diffusion, the level of status and respect of successful entrepreneurs, relaying information about successful new businesses in the media — and individual factors — such as gender, education, job position, income, skills —. The analysis is based on two main sources of data — the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) and Eurostat — using a non-balanced panel dataset corresponding to a sample of 11 European countries covering 2006–2013. Findings of this study indicate that both individual and environmental factors contribute to seniors’ entrepreneurial behavior. Technology diffusion, personal skills, acquaintances’ entrepreneurial experiences, media relaying information about successful new businesses, and the senior employment rate are important factors of seniors’ starting new businesses. The findings provide valuable insights for policy makers to promote seniors’ entrepreneurship and provide better support for seniors to pursue entrepreneurial success.

Objectives: Technology-based entrepreneurship is required in the globalization age. To accomplish this achievement, researchers must understand what factors might impact it. The purpose of this research is to identify what factors can drive the success of digital entrepreneurs (technopreneurs) in West Java. Methodology: This study use explanatory statistics, with Structural Equation Model analysis technique through SMART PLS 2.0. Sampling technique chosen was accidental sampling with 400 respondents. Finding: Partially and simultaneously, all factors have a positive and significant effect on business success. Therefore they have identified the following factor variables: entrepreneurial behavior, skills, educational background, and service quality. Conclusion: Technopreneurs in West Java are encouraged to continue to improve all factor variables as a capital for success. Considering that this research is only conducted on digital entrepreneurs in West Java, other researchers who want to conduct research with similar variables are advised to choose different objects with a wider scope for comparison.

Entrepreneurial technology-based new venture constitutes a dominant proportion of incubated firms. Often, such firms are established by engineering graduates. This paper investigates a methodology for assessing the potential for success of new ventures set up at an early stage by engineering students via an evaluation of the entrepreneurial personalities of engineering students. The survey of 215 students of Manufacturing Engineering indicates particular traits have a strong predictive impact on the proclivity towards the different 'idea factors on innovation' suggested by Goldenberg et al. [1999]. In particular, 'risk-taking propensity' and 'need to achieve' are two critical characteristics that significantly influence the selection of 'success-intended' idea factors whereas 'external locus of control' influences the selection of 'failure-intended' idea factors. The findings have important implications for researchers, business incubators, and policy makers inside and outside universities. Based on the extensive literature and successful result in demonstrating entrepreneurial characteristics as predictors of sustainable competitive advantage of future entrepreneurs by identifying types of idea factor adopter, the results of this study can be used either as a self-evaluation (self-screening) before starting a new venture that has a higher success probability. Specifically, the results indicate that the classification of idea factor adopters, in terms of entrepreneurial behavior, the incubator may be better able to identify the go or no-go decision for applicants. For instance, incubators could try to base their selection process for business incubation programme partly on information provided by applicants about personality traits and preferences regarding entrepreneurship.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to shed light on the entrepreneurial university and to develop a theoretical framework relating entrepreneurship education in the third generation of universities. Therefore, the future research could be carried out to identify and apply the presented model. Design/methodology/approach – In terms of objective, this study is considered as an empirical one, and the research methodology is descriptive-correlative type. Sample population consists of 130 knowledge-based firms in the science and technology parks. In total, 100 knowledge-based firms were selected by using a stratified random sampling. The analysis of data obtained from the questionnaires and both descriptive and inferential parts was done through the application of SPSS, structural equation modeling technique and Smart PLS 3 software. Findings – The results suggested the positive and significant effect of the organizational, individual, institutional, and environmental factors on entrepreneurial university in the science and technology parks. Practical implications – The application of the research model provides an avenue for the practitioners to design accelerates and creative science and technology parks focussing on the commercialization education, entrepreneurial intuition and marketing to students and innovators. Social implications – The theoretical framework of the current study offers a different way forward for policy makers in thinking about those factors that may be critical for success of entrepreneurship education. Policy makers, in general can provide infrastructures to launch third generation of universities, entrepreneurial university, for young generation to increase effectiveness of academic education and to provide the prospect of a more business opportunity recognition. Originality/value – This research contributes to the existing literature in the field of entrepreneurship education. So far, a comprehensive model has been substantially neglected with respect to the entrepreneurial university in the science and technology parks. This new framework can be used to inform thinking and research design in the area of entrepreneurship education to promote entrepreneurial university thought.

The idea of infusing entrepreneurship into education has incited much enthusiasm in the last few decades. A myriad of effects have been stated to result from this, including economic growth, job creation, and increased societal resilience, as well as personal growth, increased school involvement, and improved equality. However, in addition to the purported favorable consequences, putting this theory into practice has presented major challenges. The study aims to improve the success rate of college students' entrepreneurship and strengthen their entrepreneurship education. First, two aspects of the current state of political and ideological education are examined: ideological education and entrepreneurship education, and ideological education and big data technology. Next, ideological education, entrepreneurship education, and big data are integrated to implement an impact index evaluation model of college students' entrepreneurship education from the perspective of the Internet under big data. Finally, based on the implemented model, seven influencing indicators of entrepreneurship education curriculum, practical education, educational equipment, educational awareness, basic ability, social ability, and data usability are obtained. Through detailed analysis experiments, it is found that three factors have the greatest impact on college students' entrepreneurship education, including basic ability, data usability, and psychological pressure resistance in the face of difficulties. The results show that the cultivation of basic entrepreneurial ability and the development of psychological quality should be enhanced in college students' entrepreneurship education, providing a definite reference base for college students' entrepreneurship education.

Abstract SME has a significant impact on the growth and development of any nation economy. The entrepreneurship in Oman expected to be a leading factor in the economic due to the opportunities afforded by increasing economic diversification and corresponding rise in job opportunities and other benefits. However, entrepreneurship has faced many challenges and obstacles to its progress and growth in Oman, despite the fact that the government has supported this sector to stimulate the market. However, studies show that many challenges are still plague both startups and governments. This study therefore aims to develop an ecosystem for entrepreneurship in the Omani context as a new solution to overcome such challenges. Entrepreneurship ecosystem has a positive influence on business growth and on the creation of new businesses, with the result that this concept has received attention from both academics and policy makers. By using a qualitative research method, a total of 10 interviewees were selected to answer the major research questions and thus provide more explanation about the issues that SME faces and find the exact factors that can influence these types of enterprises. Based on the findings from qualitative research through discussions with entrepreneurs, we can conclude that there are five factors: human capital; government; support; finance and technology, all of which have a significant impact on Omani entrepreneurship success and start-ups. These results contribute to the current literature regarding entrepreneurship ecosystems. They also give greater attention to the policy makers in Oman who facilitate the implementation of this framework as well as motivating the different business owners or start-ups to develop their business strategies based on the requirements shown in the framework. In addition, a number of suggestions have been presented as focus points when developing a strategic plan to support the entrepreneurship sector.

The most important social innovation to help the poor in recent years has been the success of the thrift and credit based self help groups (SHG), especially those formed by women. These groups assisted by NGOs have successfully developed a system of revolving credit for the benefit of group members based on their own savings. SHGs have successfully maintained in high rate if loan repayments and successfully generated additional income, jobs, and small enterprises for their members. The first national conference of women entrepreneurs held at New Delhi in November 1981 advocated the need for developing women entrepreneurs for the overall development of the country. It called for priority to women in allotment of Land. Sanction of power, Licensing etc… the second international conference of women entrepreneurs organized by the National Alliance of young entrepreneurs (NAYE) held in 1989 at New Delhi. Entrepreneurship development among women can be considered a possible approach to economic empowerment of women. Human resources and technology are the two important factors of growth in new economic order. To activate these two factors like livelihoods and require rural entrepreneurship development in a big way in an economy. Women’s entrepreneurship has become an important aspect of the changed Indian economic. The participation of women in different innovative business undertakings has empowered them in the social, economic and cultural arena specifically, economists, social workers and social scientists have studied rural women and entrepreneurship in India at various levels

Entrepreneurs and small and medium enterprises are the foundation of the Malaysian furniture industry. Yet, in a multi-ethnic society such as Malaysia, the success factors of entrepreneurs and small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the furniture industry have not been studied. Therefore, this study evaluated the success factors of entrepreneurs of the Malay and Chinese ethnic groups in the furniture industry and discerned the growth trajectory of young entrepreneurs from wood science and technology programs in the furniture industry. A questionnaire-based survey was used with the assistance of relevant trade associations and universities. The results were statistically analyzed to establish the significant differences between the two ethnic groups in their perceived success factors. The results revealed that Malay entrepreneurs pay more attention to political and socio-cultural factors to gain success, whereas Chinese entrepreneurs focus on enhancing their competitiveness to remain viable. Further, young graduates showed a reduced desire to pursue a career in the furniture industry, as they deem it not environmentally sustainable in addition to limited career growth. These results suggested that current entrepreneurship development programs may need to be revised, so as to assist in producing more resilient and successful entrepreneurs in the future in the furniture industry.

Purpose Building on the natural resource-based view, this paper aims to explore the effects of technological protectability and proactiveness on new ventures’ environmental performance. Design/methodology/approach Data from 150 clean-technology ventures are analyzed using hierarchical and logistic regression analyses. Findings Empirical findings show that both protectability and proactive behavior increase environmental performance. Results further indicate a negative but not significant moderator effect of proactiveness on the protectability – environmental performance relationship. Research limitations/implications The research has been limited to clean-technology ventures. Findings provide empirical evidence on the link between proactiveness, a key dimension of entrepreneurial orientation, and environmental performance. The study further contributes to sustainable entrepreneurship research by showing that higher ecological gains can be achieved by proactive firms that are based on protected technologies. Practical implications The study provides a deeper understanding of the success factors of young firms with regard to their environmental impact. Findings suggest that policy makers and investors can use protectability and proactiveness as key characteristics to evaluate and foster a venture’s ecological potential. Originality/value The paper adds to existing literature on sustainable entrepreneurship by establishing a relationship between protectability, proactiveness and environmental performance.

Purpose Successful promotion of academic entrepreneurship is a determining factor in the pursuit of university entrepreneurialism. This paper aims to illustrate how qualitative data on the performance of the technology transfer office (TTO), based on access to intellectual capital (IC) indicators, can be transformed into a metric to provide insights that assist in strategy development for a university moving towards a more entrepreneurial configuration. Design/methodology/approach The TTO performance metric takes the form of a self-assessment of access to IC indicators, which are determinants of effectiveness. This study involves the use of the metric through the completion of an online survey and follow-up interviews, to collect and analyse the data. Findings The performance of 34 TTOs in continental Europe and the UK are measured, and insights into the success of promoting academic entrepreneurship were gained. The qualitative data are studied in detail to illustrate how the university can strategically leverage IC to enhance academic entrepreneurship. Research limitations/implications This study recommends that the university align the mission statement and organisational structure of the TTO, to enable access to IC. This, in turn, may result in increased academic entrepreneurship activities, which will drive the university towards increased entrepreneurialism. Practical implications The interpretation of the qualitative data relating to the performance of the TTO, and which factors influence it, aids in understanding the performance of the entrepreneurial university and illustrates, which strategic interventions can be made. Originality/value Understanding the link between IC, academic entrepreneurship (as encapsulated in the performance of the TTO) and the characteristics of the entrepreneurial university is particularly useful for university management decisions.

This research highlights contributions of student actors’ research commercialisation efforts within the academic entrepreneurship (AE) landscape. Our review of the AE literature shows that the potential inherent in campus-based student enterprise activity has not been fully acknowledged within the AE literature. We argue that student start-ups are a viable means for demonstrating the social impact of scientific research. In this research, the aim is to map the student-led enterprise emergence and development mechanism as a vehicle for facilitating university technology transfer. Through a longitudinal case study design, the focal student enterprise’s enacted process to commercialize university generated scientific research is investigated. It is shown how new technology stemming from university research was able to enhance the livelihoods of local fish farmers through the agency of student entrepreneurs. Light is shed on the enabling factors and wider university level arrangements that triggered and subsequently facilitated the case entrepreneurial endeavour. We find that an interplay of both micro- and meso-level factors enabled the case enterprise to achieve both commercial success and demonstrate social impact.

The ratio of academic scientists to the labor force in Malaysia has increased. However, the contribution of academic scientists to commercialize research discoveries remains limited. Successful research commercialization or university technology transfer requires entrepreneurial effort that may involve skills beyond the traditional roles of academics. The ability to identify the commercial opportunity of research, i.e. entrepreneurial opportunity recognition, has been proven to be a critical skill for an academic entrepreneur. Earlier findings in this area would have been far more useful if the antecedents of entrepreneurial opportunity recognition were recognized. Although self-regulated learning has been inferred to as informal entrepreneurship education for academic entrepreneurs, there has been a lack of evidence on how it influences their academic entrepreneurship performance. This paper examined the characteristics of academic entrepreneurs and the key success factors, whether academics’ opportunity recognition ability is influenced by their self-regulated learning behavior. A quantitative research design was employed based on a case study of a technological university in Malaysia involving 115 academic entrepreneurs. Structural equation modeling analysis results revealed that academics’ opportunity recognition and social capital are the most important determinants of their academic entrepreneurship performance. The efficiency of the Technology Transfer Office and the ease of securing funding play influential roles too, but to a smaller extent. Most importantly, opportunity recognition is strengthened by self-regulated learning, through frequent deliberate practices in information and knowledge seeking that enable scientists to be more creative and innovative in translating research into marketable products and technology.

Leadership factors motivate the organization to move towards its success through influencing and directing in a cohesive way for better performance. It focuses on leading, influencing, commanding, and guiding employees in an organization. The Global Competitiveness Report year, 2017-2018 for the World Economic Forum shows that UAE rated 23rd place out of 80 countries in the world for entrepreneurship ranking. Therefore, entrepreneurs need to become successful technopreneurs that emphasize innovation and technology perspectives. The study focus on the relationship between Leadership Factors (LF) in Devolved Decision-Making (DM), Collaborative Achievement (CA), Agility Factor (AF), Purpose and direction (PD), and Authenticity Factor (AT), Digital Enablers (DE) in Digital Access (DA), Digital Commerce (DC), Digital Communication (DCM), and Digital Literacy (DL), Entrepreneurial Skills (ES) in Interpersonal Skills (IS), Critical Thinking Skills (CT), and Practical Skills (PS) and Successful Technopreneur (ST) in Knowledge-Economy (KE), Value Chain (VC), and High-Technology (HT). Moreover, the results obtained through PLS-SEM to test the hypotheses of the finding. The estimations of path coefficients, p-values, and t-values at an important level of 0.05 were assessed to test the hypotheses. Based on these values, all the hypotheses of the present study were accepted.

Indigenous scientific research is vital for a country’s long-term economic growth. The simple transference of technology or acquisition of expertise ultimately has developmental limitations. Examples from the hydrocarbon industry clearly illustrate this paradox: oil-rich developing countries can afford to procure expert advice with ease, but rarely develop the new skills essential to make the next technological breakthrough or scientific paradigm shift. Underlying this failing is often the absence of a culture of open scientific enquiry. For resource-deficient countries, this is compounded by the dearth of infrastructure. Such countries argue that they cannot afford to finance scientific research, although this does not always require large investments up front. Software research and development is a good example, requiring primarily technical knowhow, skilled labor and a desire for innovative success. The deficit of scientific research in Pakistan stems from many of these factors, even though the requisite human resources are available in abundance. Innovation and entrepreneurship requires a special mix of encouragement and incentives from the government and industry. This paper outlines some of these issues based on the author’s experience of several decades of research leadership and funding in the US and Europe, and his involvement in transferring advanced scientific knowledge to developing as well as developed countries.

Labour, entrepreneurship, and technology are important components in the success of GDP Per capita, the existing workforce is not only fixated by numbers but also must be focused on quality to have a significant impact, in addition to the ability and desire of a nation to grow interested in becoming entrepreneurs. This research base on Solow and Swan's Theory said that economic growth was influenced by the growth of production factors such as population, labor, and capital accumulation, as well as the level of technological progress described in the development of knowledge. There is an element of technological progress in the Solow-Swan model which is the main differentiator from the Harrod-Domar growth model. This study used 42 observers consisting of 7 ASEAN countries, namely; Singapore, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, Vietnam, and Cambodia, using multiple linear regression and using classical assumption test. The research method in this study uses multiple linear regression of panel data, using the classical assumption test. To get the best model, the data will be tested for Pool Effect, Fix Effect and Random Effects Models, while the determination of the best model is based on the results of the Chow and Hausman tests. The results are shown that labor does not have a significant influence on GDP Per Capita revenue, while the entrepreneurship Index (GEI) and Technology Index (GII) variables have a positive and significant impact on GDP Per Capita revenue. The workforce hasn't affected, which is broadly described in this study because the absorption of labor has not been optimal or the provision of jobs whose proportions are not balanced with the number of the workforce.

Learning outcomes In the light of the case and the accompanying case questions, the students should understand the theoretical underpinnings of the Blue ocean strategy. Application and critical evaluation of analytical frameworks associated with the blue ocean strategy. Role of political, socio-cultural and technological factors undermining the success of any endeavor aimed at bringing about innovation in education in Pakistan. The critical balance that social enterprises need to develop between their commercial and social impact goals. Case overview/synopsis Founded in early 2014, LearnOBots was a young social enterprise spearheaded by Shamyl Bin Mansoor and Faisal Laghari. The venture aimed to provide science, technology, engineering, and mathematics-based, tech supported experiential learning to young kids, which would eventually help improve the educational standards in the country. This case presents the complex dilemma of an enterprise, which achieved market traction to its novel business idea but soon faced changing competitive dynamics that posed a challenge to the uncontested blue ocean strategy that the venture attempted to create. The case is a rich description of the idiosyncrasies that an innovative startup faces in emerging markets context. It gives an insight on the balancing act that social enterprises need to achieve between their business goals and social impact aspirations. Complexity academic level This case is geared toward undergraduate students enrolled in courses of strategy and entrepreneurship. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 3: Entrepreneurship.

At the end of the last century, digital technology emergence enabled millions of people to compete globally by remotely offering their knowledge and skills. In addition, business processes are becoming fragmented into smaller components, so-called short-term projects. These work arrangements are often carried out by so-called independent professionals (contractors), better known as freelancers. A literature review has shown that the research topic of freelancing from an entrepreneurial perspective is relatively new and has its assumptions and gaps. Different stakeholders and institutions connect, mediate and manage the services of the entrepreneurial ecosystem to support entrepreneurs. As freelancers belong to the self-employed entrepreneurial category, they are engaged in business activities and need support from their environment. To contribute to this topic, we have analyzed the relationships between freelancers’ job and career satisfaction, digitalization and entrepreneurial ecosystem factors, with the aim of making policy recommendations. Regarding the entrepreneurial environment, we analyzed the cultural and social norms and government programs that provide support, based on the measurement instrument, developed in the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) research. We surveyed 200 freelancers (respondents) in Slovenia. Using factor analysis and structural equation modelling, the empirical results suggest that digitalization and cultural and social norms are significant factors that promote the success of new careers as freelancers in terms of job and career satisfaction. The results show that both positively influence job and career satisfaction, while government programs indirectly influence the job and career satisfaction of freelancers. This explains how the entrepreneurial ecosystem, plays a special role in supporting freelancers on their career path.

The beginning of the 21st century is marked by the global demand for innovative (creative) industries, based on unique authorship, experience and personal talent. Cultural industries are systematically transformed into the main factor of the socio-economic transformation on the basis of updating the industrial culture of production, creation and cultivation of artistic geniuses. The new challenges of the global art development transform the infrastructure of intellectual and creative entrepreneurship, production and export of artistic works. This article explores the author's style formation on the basis of the creative interpretation of Old Turkic (Scythian, Central Asian) menagerie, widely represented in the artistic heritage of the region. The incorporation of the animalistic style of ancient civilizations in the creative practices of contemporary artists is accompanied by a deep philosophical, artistic, technical and technological reworking of the traditional code of the artistic culture. The article conceptualizes three types of the artistic continuity: the craftsmen type that reproduces the Mongolian craftsmen canon; the cultural institutions that convert the craft heritage into the contemporary creative industries and the rare type of craftsmen-artists who synthesize both approaches, rethinking the canon, traditional techniques and technology of working with traditional materials. All three types are represented by different systems of styling, the core of which is the animalistic style. Contemporary artisans Zhigzhit Bayaskhalanov and Dashi Namdakov create unique artistic images and metaphors, use innovative ways of shaping, and apply illogical, provocative and asymmetrical compositional solutions, transforming regional artistic traditions into leading global trends. The success of this experience is caused by socio-cultural, institutional factors (education, ethnicity, social origin from the rural handicrafts circle), ethno-cultural backgrounds (craft heritage, the presence of the family art collaboration). The empirical basis of the research consisted of 6 in-depth interviews and dozens of case studies from the participant observation.

Purpose. The research aims to detect main trends of regional development of Ukraine’s economy, and substantiate imbalances and risks, which must be taken into account in the formation of a new model of regional development of Ukraine and improving financial-economic resilience under conditions of modern turbulence. Methodology / approach. The general theoretical scientific methods, fundamental principles of regional economy, which are highlighted in the works of both Ukrainian and foreign scientists on spatial development. The following research methods were used to perform to fulfill the tasks: abstract-logical, comparative and correlation analysis, graphic visualization, statistical. Results. The research puts forward a rage of hypotheses: the regions with higher economic activity concentration develop faster; the regions oriented on technology-intensive economic activity types and with high innovation activity level have higher chances for economic growth; economic growth can result in growing interregional inequalities and imbalances in a long run; economically powerful regions are more resilient to financial and economic crises. Their verification shows that the economic development of Ukrainian regions is determined by factors other than initial economic capacity. Ukrainian regions are hardly developing according to the recognized global development principles. Their economic success is ensured by orientation on the agricultural output (usually low-margin) rather than technology-intensive economic activities and dynamic innovative activity. Interregional comparisons of business environment condition and economic growth of Ukrainian regions prove that the regions-leaders by economic growth paces are characterized by the relatively higher quality of entrepreneurial climate. Moreover, recently, they have been improving their positions in regional doing business rankings. Meanwhile, the largest group of Ukrainian regions, which still have positive rates of economic development, is the outsider in terms of both the business climate quality and loss of ranking positions. The most difficult situation with entrepreneurship environment is in Zaporizhzhia, Poltava, and Kherson oblasts. Therefore, the regions that used to be oriented on large enterprises of the industrial sector have not managed to reorient themselves on the support of entrepreneurship and stimulation of entrepreneurial activity. However, a positive sign is a significant improvement of Zaporizhzhia and Dnipropetrovsk oblasts positions in the rankings. Originality / scientific novelty. Based on the studying of regional development trends under crisis conditions of financial-economic turbulence, the research outlines current risks of regional economic growth, including the risk of further loss of economic capacity of Ukraine and its regions to achieve resilient growth, the risk of delayed effect of economic growth slowdown in a short-term period, the risk of growing economic development imbalances of Ukrainian regions. Practical value / implications. The value of the study lies in the use of identified trends and risks in building a new methodology of state regional policy and updating tools to stimulate economic development of Ukraine, which will increase the stability of the economy under conditions of financial and economic turbulence.

Using organizational performance management that is validated and used in active companies, this research aims to study business performance management in entrepreneurial frameworks. This study presents a conceptual approach based on some theories founded on the organizational performance management as a process, but adapted to the context of entrepreneurship. It is proposed the conceptual analysis and submitting the verification of the formulated hypotheses. An entrepreneurial framework is defined by some factors such as: entrepreneur, along with his personal and professional characteristics, who is the main actor of the so-called entrepreneurial process; business idea that entrepreneur wants to turn it into profitable business; market opportunity, which demonstrates that the business idea is valid, has novelty and can be fructified and developed; business plan, that needs to be well prepared in a very detailed manner and containing long run strategies; business start-up resources, including time resources allocated to implement the business plan, physical resources, information, financial and human resources; the environment where the business will be active; technology needed to develop the business activity. To study more closely the issue of performance management in entrepreneurial contexts, will be defined entrepreneurial performance management as a process, which can lead to the success rate of a business idea and to the rate of business sustainability. To perform this study it has been proposed a case study where an entrepreneur wants to develop a business in renewable energy, and more specifically, the development of a solar power plant that transforms solar energy into electricity, which then it’s been introduced into the national grid of electricity supply. So in this research will be studied the entire process by which the real business appears and a variant of the case that the solar power plant could be built in Romania and will be proposed a detailed system of performance indicators, specific to the entrepreneurial framework. Using a research methodology based on case study, this research has as a central objective, to define the entrepreneurial performance management through a set of specific performance indicators, which can then be used in practice, by entrepreneurs who want to start a new business in renewable energy.

The study presents two entrepreneurship typologies: necessity-driven and opportunity-driven. ‘Opportunity’ entrepreneurs start a business to pursue an opportunity, while ‘necessity’ entrepreneurship is requirement-based and attempts for the best option available in the absence of alternate employment opportunities. Push and pull effects are analogous to necessity-based and opportunity-based entrepreneurship. The study explored success through stages of the entrepreneurial process. The push entrepreneur proved her resilience despite the absence of spousal support. Behind the pull entrepreneur’s success was spousal support. The key findings are that success is influenced by the entrepreneur’s grit, willpower and attitude. The objective of the case is to study two typologies of entrepreneurship, based on their motivation to become an entrepreneur—necessity-driven and opportunity-driven. It also examines the various factors that could influence the success of entrepreneurship. Both entrepreneurs discussed in the study had several common factors. The two succeeded in their entrepreneurship due to their sheer grit, determination and a feeling of higher purpose. Multiple pieces of evidences exist to show that grit is a success factor linked to positive outcomes. The phenomenon studied in this case include ‘opportunity’ and ‘necessity’ entrepreneurs. It also studied the push and pull effects in entrepreneurship, which are analogous to opportunity-based and necessity-based entrepreneurship. The push entrepreneur was involved in boutique business, and pull entrepreneur was in catering business. The findings are that the push entrepreneur demonstrated resilience despite many drawbacks. The success of the pull entrepreneur’s involved spousal support too. In both cases, the critical finding is that success is influenced by the entrepreneur’s grit, willpower and attitude. Further, neither of the women entrepreneurs took any loan to fund their business. Both entrepreneurs discussed in the study had a few common factors. Both of them were educated. The two entrepreneurs exhibited grit, determination and a feeling of higher purpose. Grit has been found to be a success factor and linked to positive outcomes.

Purpose Using statistical analysis, this paper aims to understand and investigate the factors for starting a new company successfully. Indicators from the literature and the data analysis prove that entrepreneurial environment, ability, intentions and self-actualization affect the success rate of entrepreneurship. Design/methodology/approach To analyze the success factors for entrepreneurship, the authors take entrepreneurial environment and entrepreneurial ability as the independent variables, self-actualization as the mediating variable and entrepreneurial intentions as the dependent variable. Then, the authors build the frame model of the influencing factors according to entrepreneurial intentions based on the self-actualization mediating effect of college students. At last, four hypotheses are proposed based on this frame model. Findings The empirical research proves that the better the entrepreneurial environment, the stronger the entrepreneurial intentions of college students; the stronger the entrepreneurial ability of students, the stronger the entrepreneurial intentions; and under the mediating effect of self-actualization, entrepreneurial environment and entrepreneurial ability will affect entrepreneurial intentions strongly. Finally, based on the empirical results, this paper proposes to pay attention to entrepreneurship education and strengthen the construction of the entrepreneurial environment to better enhance entrepreneurial intentions. Research limitations/implications The study has a few limitations because, as it refers to the sample for college students and the new start-up, it would require a more generalized analysis of the factors, such as to include more and better indicators for demographic, economic and institutional determinants of the entrepreneurial intentions and entrepreneurship. For further studies on entrepreneurship, the validate measuring scale of the concept must be addressed. Practical implications The present work shows that optimizing the entrepreneurial environment and improving the entrepreneurial ability of college students can enhance the success rate of the entrepreneurship. Besides, the entrepreneurial intentions should be enhanced from outside to inside. Namely, stimulate the entrepreneurial desire of college students from the external environment, such as policy support, ideological education and mobilization on employment options and other aspects of new college graduates. The psychological aspects of graduates should be guided. Originality/value For the study of entrepreneurial intentions, most scholars mainly studied the entrepreneurial psychology to discuss its relationship with entrepreneurial intentions in the early years, and gradually extended to the study of external factors, such as the entrepreneurial environment. However, the study on graduate entrepreneurship has yet to be improved. Based on the existing research, this paper makes an in-depth study on the influence mechanism of entrepreneurial intentions from entrepreneurial ability and entrepreneurial environment, puts forward a research model taking self-actualization as a mediating variable and studies the intrinsic driving force of entrepreneurial intentions.

Subject area Entrepreneurship, Strategic Marketing, Innovation, New Product Development (NPD). Study level/applicability This case is suitable to be used in advanced undergraduate and MBA/MSc. Case overview This case illustrates the challenges related to designing and launching an innovative product in the market. It revolves around the issues pertaining to smart organic fertilizer's (SOF) pre- and post-launch experiences. Haji Sani Kimi, a Senior Research Officer of the Strategic Research Centre at MARDI, had developed a zeolite-based organic fertilizer which he believed to be the first of its kind in Malaysia. He had taken five years to complete his research in developing SOF. Seeing its potential benefits for the land and farmers, the then Director General of MARDI asked Sani to speed up the process of technology transfer to be the first to launch the product in the market. In 2005, MARDI established a five-year agreement with Hicotech Sendirian Berhad to license its intellectual property rights (IPR). Adnan, a successful automobile business entrepreneur, ventured into the organic fertilizer business, as this product was in high demand and extensively used by paddy farmers in Malaysia and was subsidized by the government. However, Hicotech failed to get government contract to supply organic fertilizer under the government subsidy program. As such, it had to compete in the open market which was dominated by already-established Chinese entrepreneurs. At the beginning, SOF was doing well in the market, but, during 2007, Hicotech experienced great financial loss due to its mismanagement of collecting payment from its customers. Hicotech tried to work in partnership with ABH Mega Sendirian Berhad to overcome its financial difficulties. However, due to some disagreements, the collaboration was terminated within a short period of time. From 2005 to the end of 2009, Hicotech was not able to pay any royalties to MARDI and the license of Hicotech was to expire in February 2010. Haji Sani was trying to get a solution to revive SOF in the market. Moreover, he was confused whether to renew the license of SOF IPR with Hicotech or to search for another company. Expected learning outcomes Using this case, students can learn how a small- and/or medium-scale companies can strategize their new product launch. Based on the given industry scenario, students can realize the potential challenges that are related to launching a new product. Furthermore, this case demonstrates that producing a high-quality product is not enough to succeed in the market; the right strategy also plays an important role in making it successful. Last, it can be also learned that proper managerial control and financial support are two important factors that contributes in any business success. Overall, strategic marketing/management students will learn the importance of adopting proper strategy, while the students who are undertaking the new product development course benefit by seeing the practical situation of a new product launch, its rise and its fall. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

The article discusses the development of a strategic management solution, which is one of the most important management processes; its efficiency determines the success of the business. The decision-making process is very difficult. There are many different subtleties in it that are well known to professional managers. Therefore, a strategic decision includes a deliberate conclusion concerning the need to take actions, or refrain from them, related to achieving the goals of the organization and overcoming the problems it faces. This is a process of choosing from a variety of alternatives the most preferable one for solving the problem. Each organization wishing to achieve the intended goal will be engaged in the development of strategic management decisions; and in each organization the practice of developing and making these decisions will have its own characteristics, determined by the nature and specifics of its activities, its organizational structure and internal culture. Modern enterprise is distinguished by the scale of activity, its separation from the direct production process or the provision of services. Nevertheless, there is always something in common that is characteristic of any decision-making process. This is what shapes the design and decision-making technology used in any organization. Only in this case it will be possible to obtain and achieve: clearly structured, interrelated and balanced strategic documents; a system of indicators built into logical multi-level structures that correspond to the structure of the development strategy; modeling forecasts using computational models, involving a wide range of specialists; reverse analysis of an unfulfilled or exceeded indicator, including public and professional monitoring of the consequences and violations; details of both available strategy elements and related indicators; simplified integration of an economic asset into a strategy, both for planning and in terms of obtaining feedback on the implementation of adopted programs and projects. Digital technologies are driving global changes in the business environment. The newest digital economy today is constructed on significantly different rules than the traditional economy. Entrepreneurship is forced to develop and adapt in an environment that includes an ever changing environment that stands and adapts the business to dynamically changing conditions at a strategic and tactical level. In the digital economy, its main factors are: data in digital form, their processing and use in large volumes - this is an economic activity that can increase efficiency, quality and efficiency in various types of production, technologies, equipment. It is based on the production of high-tech business structures, electronic products and services, and the sale of these products through e-commerce, which has become and will be possible thanks to applied informatics.

International Journal of Innovation - IJI completes 7 yearsInternational Journal of Innovation - IJI has now 7 years old! In this editorial comment, we not only want to talk about our evolution but get even closer to the IJI community. It is our first editorial comment, a new IJI's communication channel. Some of the changes are already described on our website.IJI is an innovation-focused journal that was created to support scientific research and thereby contribute to practice. Also, IJI was born internationally, receiving and supporting research from around the world. We welcome articles in Portuguese, English, and Spanish.We have published eight volumes in IJI since 2013, totaling 131 articles. Our journal is indexed in: Dialnet and Red Iberoamericana de Innovación y Conocimiento Científico; Ebsco Host; Erih Plus; Gale - Cengage Learning; Latindex; Proquest; Redalyc; Web of Science Core Collection (Emerging Sources Citation Index), among others. We provide free access “open access” to all its content. Articles can be read, downloaded, copied, distributed, printed and / or searched.We want to emphasize that none of this would be possible without the authors that recognized in IJI a relevant journal to publicize their work. Nor can we fail to mention the tireless and voluntary action of the reviewers, always contributing to the articles' improvement and skilling up our journal, more and more.All editors who passed through IJI have a fundamental role in this trajectory. And, none of this would be possible without the editorial team of Uninove. Everyone who passed and the current team. We want to express that our work as current editors of IJI would not be possible without you. Changes in the Intenational Journal of Innovation – IJIAs we mentioned earlier, IJI was born in 2013. And, over time, we are improving its structure always to improve it. In this section, we want to show some changes we made. We intend that editorial comments become a communication channel and that they can help our readers, authors, and reviewers to keep up with these changes.Although IJI is a comprehensive Innovation journal, one of the changes we want to inform you is that now, at the time of submission, the author will choose one of the available topics that best suit your article. The themes are: Innovative Entrepreneurship; Innovation and Learning; Innovation and Sustainability; Internationalization of Innovation; Innovation Systems; Emerging Innovation Themes and; Digital Transformation. Below, we present each theme so that everyone can get to know them:Innovative Entrepreneurship: emerging markets provided dynamic advantages for small businesses and their entrepreneurs to exploit the supply flows of resources, capacities, and knowledge-based on strategies oriented to the management of innovation. Topics covered in this theme include, for example: resources and capabilities that support innovative entrepreneurship; innovation habitats (Universities, Science and Technology Parks, Incubators and Accelerators) and their influences on the development of knowledge-intensive spin-offs and start-ups; open innovation, triple/quadruple helix, knowledge transfer, effectuation, bricolage and co-creation of value in knowledge-intensive entrepreneurship ecosystems; and adequate public policies to support innovative entrepreneurship.Innovation and Learning: discussions on this topic focus on the relationship between learning and innovation as topics with the potential to improve teaching and learning. They also focus on ways in which we acquire knowledge through innovation and how knowledge encourages new forms of innovation. Topics covered in this theme include, for example: innovative projects for learning; innovation-oriented learning; absorptive capacity; innovation in organizational learning and knowledge creation; unlearning and learning for technological innovation; new learning models; dynamics of innovation and learning; skills and innovation.Innovation and Sustainability: discussions on this topic seek to promote the development of innovation with a focus on sustainability, encouraging new ways of thinking about sustainable development issues. Topics covered in this theme include, for example: development of new sustainable products; circular economy; reverse logistic; smart cities; technological changes for sustainable development; innovation and health in the scope of sustainability; sustainable innovation and policies; innovation and education in sustainability and social innovation.Internationalization of Innovation: the rise of developing countries as an innovation center and their new nomenclature for emerging markets have occupied an important place in the international research agenda on global innovation and Research and Development (RD) strategies. Topics covered in this theme include, for example: resources and capabilities that support the internationalization of innovation and RD; global and local innovation and RD strategies; reverse innovation; internationalization of start-ups and digital companies; development of low-cost products, processes and services with a high-value offer internationalized to foreign markets; innovations at the base of the pyramid, disruptive and/or frugal developed and adopted in emerging markets and replicated in international markets; institutional factors that affect firms' innovation efforts in emerging markets.Innovation Systems: regulation and public policies define the institutional environment to drive innovation. Topics include industrial policy, technological trends and macroeconomic performance; investment ecosystem for the development and commercialization of new products, based on government and private investments; investment strategies related to new companies based on science or technology; Technology transfer to, from and between developing countries; technological innovation in all forms of business, political and economic systems. Topics such as triple helix, incubators, and other structures for cooperation, fostering and mobilizing innovation are expected in this section.Emerging Themes: from the applied themes, many emerging problems have a significant impact on management, such as industry 4.0, the internet of things, artificial intelligence or social innovations, or non-economic benefits. Intellectual property is treated as a cognitive database and can be understood as a technological library with the registration of the product of human creativity and invention. Social network analysis reveals the relationships between transforming agents and other elements; therefore, encouraged to be used in research and submitted in this section. The theoretical field not fully developed is not a barrier to explore any theme or question in this section.Digital Transformation: this interdisciplinary theme covers all the antecedents, intervening, and consequent effects of digital transformation in the field of technology-based companies and technology-based business ventures. The technological innovator (human side of innovation) as an entrepreneur, team member, manager, or employee is considered an object of study either as an agent of innovation or an element of the innovation process. Digital change or transformation is considered as a process that moves from the initial status to the new digital status, anchored in the theories of innovation, such as adoption, diffusion, push / pull of technology, innovation management, service innovation, disruptive innovation, innovation frugal innovation economy, organizational behavior, context of innovation, capabilities and transaction costs. Authors who submit to IJI will realize that they now need to make a structured summary at the time of submission. The summary must include the following information:(maximum of 250 words + title + keywords = Portuguese, English and Spanish).Title.Objective of the study (mandatory): Indicate the objective of the work, that is, what you want to demonstrate or describe.Methodology / approach (mandatory): Indicate the scientific method used in carrying out the study. In the case of theoretical essays, it is recommended that the authors indicate the theoretical approach adopted.Originality / Relevance (mandatory): Indicate the theoretical gap in which the study is inserted, also presenting the academic relevance of the discipline.Main results (mandatory): briefly indicate the main results achieved.Theoretical-methodological contributions (mandatory): Indicate the main theoretical and / or methodological implications that have been achieved with the results of the study.Social / managerial contributions (mandatory): Indicate the main managerial and / or social implications obtained through the results of the study.Keywords: between three and five keywords that characterize the work. Another change regarding the organization of the IJI concerns the types of work. In addition to the Editorial Comment and Articles, the journal will include Technological Articles, Perspectives, and Reviews. Thus, when submitting a study, authors will be able to choose from the available options for types of work. Throughout the next issues of the IJI, in the editorial comments, we will pass on pertinent information about every kind of work, to assist the authors in their submissions.Currently, the IJI is available to readers with new works three times a year (January-April; May-August; September-December) with publications in English, Portuguese and Spanish. From what comes next, we will have some changes in the periodicity. Next stepsAs editors, we want the IJI to continue with a national and international impact and increase its relevance in the indexing bases. For this, we will work together with the entire editorial team, reviewers, and authors to improve the work. We will do our best to give full support to the evaluators who are so dedicated to making constructive evaluations to the authors. We will also support authors with all the necessary information.With editorial comments, we intend to pass on knowledge to readers, authors, and reviewers to improve the articles gradually. We also aim to support classroom activities and content.Even with the changes reported here, we continue to accept all types of work, as long as they have an appropriate methodology. We also maintain our scope and continue to publish all topics involving innovation. We want to support academic events on fast tracks increasingly. About the articles in this edition of IJIThis issue is the first we consider the new organization of the International Journal of Innovation - IJI. We started with this editorial comment talking about the changes and improvements that we are making at IJI—as an example, showing the reader, reviewer, and author that the scope remains the same. However, at the time of submission, the author has to choose one of the proposed themes and have a mandatory abstract structured in three languages (English, Portuguese, and Spanish).In this issue, we have a section of perspectives that addresses the “Fake Agile” phenomenon. This phenomenon is related to the difficulties that companies face throughout the agile transformation, causing companies not to reach full agility and not return to their previous management model.Next, we publish the traditional section with scientific articles. The article “Critical success factors of the incubation network of enterprises of the IFES” brings critical success factors as the determining variables to keep business incubators competitive, improving their organizational processes, and ensuring their survival. Another published article, “The sharing economy dilemma: the response of incumbent firms to the rise of the sharing economy”, addresses the sharing economy in terms of innovation. The results of the study suggest that the current response to the sharing economy so far is moderate and limited. The article “Analysis of the provision for implementation of reverse logistics in the supermarket retail” made it possible to observe that through the variables that define retail characteristics, it is not possible to say whether a supermarket will implement the reverse logistics process. And the article “Capability building in fuzzy front end management in a high technology services company”, whose main objective was to assess the adherence among Fuzzy Front End (FFE) facilitators, was reported in the literature its application in the innovation process of a company, an innovative multinational high-tech services company.We also published the article “The evolution of triple helix movement: an analysis of scientific communications through bibliometric technique”. The study is a bibliometric review that brings essential contributions to the area. This issue also includes a literature review entitled “Service innovation tools: a literature review” that aimed to systematically review the frameworks proposed and applied by the literature on service innovation.The technological article “A model to adopt Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) and Business Intelligence (BI) among Saudi SMEs”, in a new IJI publication section, addresses the main issues related to the intention to use ERPBI in the Saudi private sector.As we mentioned earlier in this editorial, IJI has a slightly different organization. With the new format, we intend to contribute to the promotion of knowledge in innovation. Also, we aim to increasingly present researchers and students with possibilities of themes and gaps for their research and bring insights to professionals in the field.Again, we thank the reviewers who dedicate their time and knowledge in the evaluations, always helping the authors. We wish you, readers, to enjoy the articles in this issue and feel encouraged to send your studies in innovation to the International Journal of Innovation - IJI.

PURPOSE: Explore what entrepreneurship and success factors can help drive business to resilience and stability and achieve competitive advantage through innovation in different countries and business realities in the era of digital transformation and turbulent times. METHODOLOGY: Based on the narrative literature review, we present research findings concerning new strategies and outlooks for business innovation in times of many unknowns. Each organization wants to find its way to gain success and create its unique business model, which can capture value creation and innovativeness and be more adaptive, resilient, and stable in critical moments and sustainable over time. FINDINGS: The articles presented in this issue explore the essential factors of business innovation and success in different organizations and the environments in which these businesses function. IMPLICATIONS FOR THEORY AND PRACTICE: This article synthesizes the presented research field’s importance and relevance, connecting its theoretical background with practical research. Recommendations and implications for future trends of this research stream might also be helpful for professionals and academicians. ORIGINALITY AND VALUE: The novel studies presented in this issue were done in five different (developing and developed) countries and business sectors that present human-based and non-human-based factors as crucial factors needed to empower business transformation in a complex world. Each group of elements is essential in business success, and their components are interdependent. We need to look at the interactions and interdependencies of their components in a dynamic and network form and cannot simplify the reality, focusing only on one group of business components and ignoring the other. These unique studies provide a valuable outlook to establish dynamic, adaptive business pathways towards a sustainable and resilient organizational future and propose future research paths needed to execute structural changes in businesses.

<p><strong>Purpose:</strong> Innovativeness and development have become one of the greatest competitive advantage of all organisations. In order to develop innovations, human resources and their development are the main sources of creativity and new ideas, skills and their application. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate and identify approaches to enterpeneurship innovativeness. Furthwermore, paper develops current success criteria of start-ups based on qualitative research made with start-up leaders.</p><p><strong>Methodology/Approach:</strong> The data were collected by means of a quantitative questionnaire research carried out among employees of organisations across sectors who take part in a talent programme in the Czech Republic. Moreover, qualitative research of start-up projects by means of content analysis was carried out among start-up organisations. For the analysis key words and short phrases were selected to find success criteria of start-ups. For the purposes of testing, the Pearson’s chi-square test and the association test were employed.</p><p><strong>Findings:</strong> The results have shown statistically significant differences between the age category and creativity (p = 0.048) and the length of job history and the creativity demonstrated when performing job (p = 0.012). Furthermore, education plays role in innovativeness. University education may cause lowering of creativity by teaching standardized thinking. Moreover, results of study have shown that key success criteria (p = 0.000) of successful start-ups are: use of education and training, development, partners, theoretical mapping, use of expert help, use of concrete technologies, knowledge of project management, project functionality, personal interest in project delivery and efficiency of solution.</p><p><strong>Research Limitation/implication:</strong> The results develop practice in defining key success criteria of innovative approach in enterpreneurships, start-ups and innovative-oriented organisations. The limits of the article can be deemed to consist in a relatively small sample of respondents; however, with respect to the exclusive approach to the talent management in the Czech Republic the sample can be described as sufficient. The results may inspire other researches to conduit further research in other conditions and deepen knowledge about this phenomenon.</p><p><strong>Originality/Value of paper:</strong> The contribution of the article lies in identification and evaluation of the factors of innovativenes of enterpreneurships. Furthermore, practical contribution lies in identification and evaluation of the areas of the sustainable development of social start-ups. Practical contribution lies in presenting the concrete results from real start-up projects and innovative-oriented organisations. The results are important for development of new start-up ideas and project while their main efficient approaches are presented.</p>

The paper is devoted to deepening the academic basics using forecasting modeling methods to determine the predictors of enterprises’ success. A startup as a form of entrepreneurship is important today due to the ability to maintain the sustainability of the economic system through a flexible response to challenges. The startup’s potential for receiving external, direct venture financing from other economic counterparties is important forits sustainable development and success. The empirical study puts forward two hypotheses. The first one is that successful startups have common features, which are the factors in obtaining venture financing, i.e. predictors of success. The second hypothesis is a continuation of the first one and requires testing the importance of information representation and clarity of future startup results among venture investors, in particular through the information available about the startup’s activity over the Internet. The empirical study is based on data sets about startups in Ukraine over the last decade. The simulation is performed with logit models developed by the authors. The calculation allows us to confirm the identification of factors of direct influence on the startup’s success according to the built models. The ability to obtain venture capital is one of the startup’s characteristics. The logit model is used as the research tool to determine the relevant factors for defining the positive decision of venture investors to provide startup funding. Predictors of obtaining external funding are identified and considered as the prerequisites for the startup’s success in general. According to the research results,the presence of previous investors, the startup’s profit orientation, the startup’s website, and availability of information about its activity in the social network are the important factors for receiving external financing by a startup. Thepaper argues that the startup’s focus on the public good without profit orientation does not stimulate venture investors. Two periods of the startup founding are singled out among the influence signs in deciding whether a startup will receive external financing: before 2014 and after it. The recognizability of a startup became the determining factor for venture financing after 2014 due to the information provided through the Internet. Until 2014, the relationship with large corporations’ clients had been the most important feature for a startup with external venture financing.

The problems experienced by SMK Negeri 1 Sidenreng Rappang currently are (1) the curriculum used is not in line with the competencies according to graduate users (link and match) so that it has not been able to meet the demands of the world of work, industry and business, (2) the quantity of graduates Unabsorbed in the business world and industry is quite high due to the low competence of graduates, incompatibility of competencies trained with the needs of the company/industry/business world and the lack of mental readiness to work graduates, (3) Lack of number and quality of productive teachers, (4) Lack of educational facilities and infrastructure, lack of competency test facilities and vocational certification facilities, and (5) Lack of cooperation between companies, government agencies, business and industry in the implementation of dual system education, namely the establishment of synergy between SMK and industry. The approach used in the application of science and technology is participatory (participatory learning) with an emphasis on the principle of learning by doing which is packaged through the stages of observation, testing, training, and evaluation. While the problem-based learning method is through lectures, discussions, questions and answers, and assignments (practice). The results achieved are (1) this community partnership program seen from the participation of partners can be categorized as very good, seen from the availability of a very adequate training place, the availability of learning tools or media such as computers, LCDs, and so on, and the selection of representative training participants from five the areas of expertise and activity of the trainees are categorized as very active, measured by the level of attendance, activeness in discussions, activeness in practice; (2) Overall training participants have understood the basic concepts and nature of entrepreneurship, Indonesia's future challenges, Indonesia's future in the hands of young people, and become entrepreneurs in the era of society 5.0, the success and failure factors of entrepreneurs, and business planning; and (3) the trainees have skills in making business plans.. ABSTRAKPermasalahan yang dialami oleh SMK Negeri 1 Sidenreng Rappang saat ini adalah (1) Kurikulum yang digunakan tidak selaras dengan kompetensi sesuai pengguna lulusan (link and match) sehingga belum mampu memenuhi tuntutan dunia kerja, dunia industri dan dunia usaha, (2) Kuantitas lulusan yang tidak terserap di dunia usaha dan dunia industri cukup tinggi disebabkan rendahnya kompetensi lulusan, ketidaksesuaian kompetensi yang dilatih dengan kebutuhan perusahaan/dunia industri/dunia usaha dan kurangnya kesiapan mental bekerja lulusan, (3) Kurangnya jumlah dan kualitas guru produktif, (4) Kurangnya fasilitas sarana dan prasarana pendidikan, kurangnya fasilitas uji kompetensi dan fasilitas sertifikasi SMK, dan (5) Kurangnya kerjasama perusahaan, lembaga pemerintah, dunia usaha dan dunia industri dalam pelaksanaan pendidikan sistem ganda yaitu terjalinnya sinergi antara SMK dan industri. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penerapan IPTEKS ini adalah partisipatif (participatory learning) dengan menekankan pada prinsip learning by doing yang dikemas melalui tahap observasi, testing, pelatihan, dan evaluasi. Sedangkan metode pembelajaran berbasis masalah melalui teknik ceramah, diskusi, tanya jawab, dan penugasan (praktik). Hasil yang dicapai adalah (1) program kemitraan masyarakat ini dilihat dari partisipasi mitra dapat dikategorikan sangat baik, dilihat dari tersedianya tempat pelatihan yang sangat memadai, tersedianya alat atau media pembelajaran seperti komputer, LCD, dan sebagainya, dan terpilihnya peserta pelatihana secara representatif dari lima bidang keahlian dan keaktifan peserta pelatihan dikategori sangat aktif diukur dari tingkat kehadiran, keaktifan dalam diskusi, keaktifan dalam praktik; (2) Peserta pelatihan secara keseluruhan telah memahami konsep dasar dan hakikat kewirausahaan, tantangan Indonesia masa depan, masa depan Indonesia di tangan anak muda, dan menjadi entrepreneur di era society 5.0, faktor keberhasilan dan kegagalan para wirausaha, dan perencanaan bisnis; dan (3) peserta pelatihan memiliki keterampilan dalam pembuatan perencanaan bisnis.

Facebook has voyaged a significant distance since its launch in 2004 as a web-based social media connector. What initially started off as a way to socially associate people at an individual level has in its journey become a platform for doing business easily. It is currently a huge ring to associate and network across the globe. Sonia Konjeti Agarwal has weaved a comparable success story utilizing Facebook. Her story, like that of Facebook, started with a motive to socially connect people of a geographical area. She created a Facebook group for women in Pune and christened it PULA (Pune Ladies Association), which has now become a vibrant business platform. Research Questions: i. Social entrepreneurs are change agents. In the context of social entrepreneurship which is most important: initiation of an idea, transmission of idea or creating a sustainable impact? ii. Social media is a powerful tool for networking. How did PULA strategically leverage social media for real time interactions and entrepreneurial ventures? Link to Theory: This case draws linkage to Social Cognitive Theory. Social Cognitive theory depicts bidirectional character of causation where behavior, cognitive, emotional factors and environment persistently and jointly persuade each other. Role of the protagonist in creating an exciting platform for indigenous entrepreneurs through the path of social entrepreneurship is linked here. Phenomenon Studied: Social entrepreneurship is a promising field with diverse interpretations. As a social entrepreneur, Sonia’s efforts are directed towards strengthening the identity of indigenous entrepreneurs. She initiated small venture creations within social network. Growth of indigenous entrepreneurs ignites self dependency and magnetizes new investments. Success of the virtual community to hone entrepreneurial skills is studied. Case context - As a social entrepreneur, the protagonist used Facebook to create virtual community of indigenous (women) entrepreneurs. PULA enhanced visibility, reach, network and prominence of indigenous entrepreneurs at low cost. Opportunity to interact with buyers directly expanded vendor registration in the group. It also created level playing field for first generation entrepreneurs. Findings: This case depicts pragmatism of the social entrepreneur. PULA unified the virtual community and resources fostering entrepreneurship. This virtual community signifies uniqueness of domain, novel practices and policies. PULA was initially constituted for social networking. Gradually members discovered business opportunities. Efficacy of social media for virtual engagement and small venture creation resulted in financial independence for women. Status of women transitioned to indigenous entrepreneur from homemaker. Growth of indigenous entrepreneurs being contagious, a wave of first generation entrepreneurs was born. Discussions: PULA encouraged individuals hitherto in the veil of self imposed life situations to become entrepreneurs. Sonia was zealous about empowering women, to create opportunities for them to succeed and advance in lives. As a social influencer her actions are directed towards social well being. Her primary objective is to leverage the trust shown by two hundred forty-five thousand plus members and six thousand five hundred plus verified sellers. Non existence of tangible and quantifiable metrics for measuring the performance of the social entrepreneur creates a challenge. Sonia is exploring new social media engagement strategies for creating a sustainable virtual community.

Purpose Family businesses are essential for economic growth and development through new business start-ups (entrepreneurship) and growth of existing ones. As competition is fierce, the ability of a company to buoy up its business practices and exceed its own – and its competition’s – expectations through innovation – is critical to survival. In managing family businesses (mostly small and medium-sized enterprises [SMEs]) in the current globally competitive landscape, entrepreneurs must be creative and behave in ways that galvanize workers to be innovative. This study attempts to ascertain the strategies management adopt to heighten innovation in family businesses. Design/methodology/approach Both qualitative and quantitative techniques were used for gathering and analysing data based upon which conclusions were drawn. Findings The study revealed that seven factors should be assessed by SMEs that are family firms to determine the innovative ideas that are promising to be pursued, which are the uniqueness of the idea, its market potential, cost, expert advice, the impact of both current and future environmental forces, availability of raw materials and supplies and the idea’s future appeal. Originality/value This is perhaps the first detailed study of strategies that could be adopted by entrepreneurs and/or managers to heighten innovation in small and medium family firms, which also points out the factors/criteria used to determine which initiatives have higher chances of success – hence deserving to be pursued.

This study looks at how Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram have impacted the business interests of Bangladeshi college-aged women. The research methodology incorporates the technology acceptance paradigm and a model of technology adoption and usage. The survey was developed, checked for accuracy, and released to the public. According to the results, students' usage of social networking sites affects their confidence in their capacity to succeed and their desire to do so. These results have real-world and theoretical ramifications for policymakers and entrepreneurial education, such as using widely used yet cutting-edge communication and Internet tools to inspire young people to start their own businesses. In this analysis, we test the hypothesis that there is a connection between the time spent on social networking sites (SNS) and measures of confidence in, and desire for, starting one's own business. Over two hundred and fifty female students from Private Universities in Bangladesh participated in online questionnaires and correlation tests. More time spent on social networking sites is correlated with more serious business thinking and behavior. Students of all sexes and all ages use Facebook, but younger students and women in particular associate the platform with entrepreneurial aspirations and attitudes more strongly than their male counterparts. There is a greater understanding of the relationship between social media presence and entrepreneurship factors because to this research. The researchers sorted the interviewees' responses into four groups based on their findings: how often they used SNS, how much they felt supported by SNS, how secure they felt in their entrepreneurial conduct, and how ambitious they wanted to be as business owners’ Important motifs were also determined for each class. Institutions of higher learning may and should use social media to promote and educate aspiring business owners.

Research Question: Through a systematic review of the relevant literature, this paper identifies and analyses key success factors in technology entrepreneurship and provides a novel classification and systematization of the factors. Also, it provides a prioritization of the selected factors by tech entrepreneurs. Motivation: The conditions of uncertainty and the dynamic environment in which one technological venture operates cause that only a small number of them succeed (Baron, 2000; Changsok et al., 2012; Tomy & Pardede, 2018; Chen et al., 2019). Comprehensive systematization of success factors is lacking in the professional literature. This paper contributes to the literature in this field by systematizing and prioritizing the key success factors in technological entrepreneurship, as a usable basis for further research and decision making. Idea: The core idea of this paper was to provide an overview of existing knowledge and a systematized basis for further research, but also for work in the practice of technological entrepreneurship, giving guidance to all stakeholders and decision makers, entrepreneurs, investors and policymakers. Data: The review was conducted using online repositories of scientific publications on technology entrepreneurship success factors published in the period from 1980 to 2021. In total, 661 articles were identified, while 45 articles met the selection criteria and represent the basis for further research of this paper. In order to determine the prioritization of the identified factors, empirical research was conducted among decision makers of technological entrepreneurial ventures. Tools: The research and review of the literature were conducted by structured keyword search of the Web of Science database, while the process of article selection was performed using the identified selection algorithm, based on two phases, which both included the selection criteria. For the purposes of empirical research, the Google form questionnaire was used for collecting the data on the prioritization of the factors by technology entrepreneurs. Findings: The factors that are key to the success of technology ventures are often complex in nature. 151 originally identified success factors from different authors were classed into 31 groups. Based on the identified groups, five large groups of factors were used for classification: "characteristics of the founder/founding team", "environment", "technology and innovation", "organization" and "strategy". As a result of empirical research, the factor “motivation” emerges as the most influential factor on a venture’s success, while the “size of the founding team” is identified as the least influential. Contribution: This paper extends the existing literature providing the systematization of key technology entrepreneurship success factors with the systematization of scientific publications as a basis for further research.

Abstract: The development of entrepreneurship which is a requirement for the commercialization of academic findings in each society depends on many influencing factors. In this paper, these influencing variables on the entrepreneurial ecosystem in IRAN (in general and with a special focus on food technology) have been discussed.Furthermore, the ecosystem, and situations of the food industry in Iran as well as the barriers to the development of entrepreneurship have been described. After a review of the key success of succeeding countries, then, obstacles and approaches in Iran have been described. Also, the method and manner of ecosystem development, as well as effective components in the entrepreneurship ecosystem are introduced. Finally, the key success factors of the entrepreneurial ecosystem and evaluation criteria are described. Both academic and food industries may benefit from this study, especially start-ups, which want to start a business in this ecosystem and similar ones. Based on previous experiences a questionnaire has been recommended for the development of a new network, e.g. food technology network.

In today’s hypercompetitive business landscapes, corporate entrepreneurship (CE) plays a critical role in organizational growth and success. While the impact of CE on firm performance is widely explored in the literature, little is known to date about the contingency factors that intervene in this relationship. The purpose of this paper is to build a contextualized knowledge base to further our understanding of the CE–performance association for a sample of 307 employees from the banking sector in Pakistan. Drawing on the resource-based view, we examine how two technology-related resources—technology-based customer relationship management (CRM) and technology self-efficacy—alter the relationship between CE initiatives and performance of banks. Our study was conducted in four-time spans to capture longitudinal effects and data were analyzed using structural equation modeling techniques. Findings indicate that technology-based CRM mediates, while technology self-efficacy moderates, the CE–performance relationship. We provide several theoretical and managerial implications and suggest fruitful avenues for further inquiry in the field.

The present study aims to enrich the research on online entrepreneurship education, improve the level and ability of entrepreneurship services in China, and improve the overall success rate of entrepreneurship. Based on the technology acceptance model (TAM) proposed by researcher Davis, the study explores the application of TAM in online entrepreneurship education for new entrepreneurs. First, new entrepreneurs who are users of the online entrepreneurship education platform are selected as research objects, and then the influence of the four factors are studied, including perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, classroom self-efficacy, and perceived external control. Finally, the hypothesis proposed is tested. Results show that online entrepreneurship education influences the perceived ease of use of the user and perceived credibility: the quality of the online entrepreneurship education has a positive impact on the user's perceived usefulness, interactivity has a positive influence on perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness, and interactivity positively influences the perceived ease of use of the user and perceived credibility. Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and perceived credibility have a positive impact on the behavioral intention of the users. The proposed TAM provides some technical and theoretical support for the application of TAM in online entrepreneurship education for new entrepreneurs.

PurposeThis research aims at the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and the global entrepreneurship monitor (GEM) framework – How can cognitive traits for entrepreneurship be used by incubators and accelerators?Design/methodology/approachIn this research the authors analyze the factors that catalyze the founding of new technology-based firms. From a practitioner stand-point, the GEM posits that these factors can be classified as contextual, social and individual factors. The present study focuses on the latter, looking into how demographic characteristics, possession of human capital and cognitive traits interrelate. The authors rely on a sample of 141 technological new ventures being incubated in Madrid, Spain, which is analyzed with the multilayer perceptron technique.FindingsThe results show that cognitive traits, as defined in the TPB, act as the “last mile” in the entrepreneurial decision process, while demographic and human capital factors appear to antecede them. These results are relevant for incubators and accelerators, which now gain a better, more complete understanding of success factors of their incubatees.Originality/valueThis research deals both with practitioners' view of entrepreneurship and with scientific literature, intertwining both with the purpose of providing valuable information for incubators and accelerators.

PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to explore gender variations in entrepreneurship and internationalisation from the perspective of the resource-based view (RBV) of the firm; in particular, the paper explores how differences in the personal idiosyncrasies of both males and females in part account for the variations in export internationalisation.Design/methodology/approachThe study draws on extant literature on the critical success factors in entrepreneurship and internationalisation research (e.g. foreign market knowledge, firm-level technology and firm age) as the conceptual framework to explore the issue. The study is based on 21 male and 17 female export entrepreneurs from Ghana and uses a descriptive research design (i.e. frequencies and chi-square test) to analyse the results.FindingsThe results show that the perceptions of male and female exporters differ on key internationalisation success factors based on extant literature. Implicitly, whilst both groups shared a similar degree of basic knowledge on a few export success factors, across most of the other key export success factors, the male counterparts demonstrated a more expanded view compared to the females. The results support the assumption of the RBV theory applied in this study to argue that to account properly for the internationalisation outcomes of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), the personality characteristics of the owner entrepreneurs are critical resources which cannot be ignored.Research limitations/implicationsIn terms of limitation, the study is exploratory study based on non-probability sampling methods using descriptive frequencies tables and analysis of chi-square test and so readers must bear this limitation in mind in interpreting the results to improve on future studies.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to the empirical literature by offering a unique perspective regarding how women and men perceive and interpret export success factors and how that impacts on the internationalisation outcomes of women and men. The paper responds to calls by researchers (e.g. Terjesen et al., 2011; Ratten and Tajeddini, 2018; Kuschel and Labra, 2018; Javadian and Richards, 2020) to populate studies on the topic to deepen the present understanding. By using data from Ghana, West Africa, the study sheds a fresh insight on the topic from an under-studied and under-researched geographical context.

Abstract Given the limited studies in the literature to understand entrepreneurial well-being, in this study, we aimed to answer the questions “what kind of resources does an entrepreneur need to experience a high level of well-being?” and “what would be the possible consequences of an entrepreneur’s well-being?” To elaborate the entrepreneurial well-being concept further, we conducted in-depth interviews with 20 male, married, and opportunity-driven entrepreneurs operating technology enterprises in Turkey. Based on the thematic analysis of the interviews, we ended up with six resources for their well-being (i.e., individual factors, family life, entrepreneurial success, network, the team, and investment) and five areas on which their well-being is impactful (i.e., individual, family, societal, employees, and business). Despite its limitations, our study contributes significantly to entrepreneurial well-being literature and paves the way for further research.

The growth of digital technologies in the economy has created new opportunities for entrepreneurs and organisations (Berman, 2012). The digital world environment, supported by technological devices (e.g., mobile computing) and social media platforms (e.g., Facebook, Instagram), has opened new ways to create new digital business models and media channels (Vasconcelos & Rua, 2021; Ciasullo & Lim, 2022; Miháldinecz & Rua, 2022; Rodrigues et al., 2022). Multinational organisations, but also small companies, do all or most of their business on the web (e.g., Google, Amazon, Facebook) (Capatina & Rancati, 2017; Jeansson et al., 2017; Pinto & Silva, 2019). The unique characteristics of digital technologies have provided entrepreneurs and organisations with many tools that can be used to innovate and create new ventures (Berawi et al., 2020). For example, open innovation and crowdsourcing facilitate co-creation and customer feedback in the development of new products, services, websites or applications (Gassmann et al., 2010; Musiello-Neto et al., 2022; Rua et al., 2023). Similarly, crowdfunding platforms (e.g. Kickstarter, Indiegogo, Go Fund Me) have made it easier and faster to finance a social or business project (Bernardino & Freitas Santos, 2020). Because of the internet, new digital business models (e.g. freemium, subscription, on-demand, affiliate, drop shipping, consulting, advertising, blogging, digital media) exist and could be used to sell products and/or services. In addition, business models (features and value of offerings) would continue to evolve even after launch due to competition and environmental changes. Digital entrepreneurship is the practice of pursuing new venture opportunities offered by new media on internet technologies (Antonizzi & Smuts, 2020). Therefore, entrepreneurs and organisations in a digital economy need to be aware of market opportunities to develop new ideas and business models and communicate their value propositions to potential customers and investors (Nambisan, 2016). This special issue aims to contribute to the growing body of knowledge on the digital economy, while addressing the question of how entrepreneurs and organisations are dealing with an increasingly digital world. The papers in this special issue present research findings from a variety of contexts. In the first article, Silva, Moutinho and Paço examine the relationships between entrepreneurship, intrapreneurship policies and e-commerce. In the article, the authors aim to analyse whether entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship are antecedents of e-commerce, as well as the bidirectional relationship between e-commerce and entrepreneurship. The study focuses on a panel of two European regions, Scandinavia (Denmark, Sweden, Norway and Finland) and Iberia (Portugal and Spain), between 2012 and 2020. The relevance of the groups studied is enhanced by the fact that they are culturally different and have different perspectives on the growth of e-commerce. The authors use an econometric analysis of the data based on Panel Corrected Standard Errors models. The study developed by the authors shows a bi-directional causality between entrepreneurship based on the creation of new firms and entrepreneurship based on surviving firms and e-commerce. The study also shows that R&D-based intrapreneurship is a driver of e-commerce. The second article, by Silva, Lima and Teixeira, examines the use of sales technology by salespeople as a source of information and stimulus for intrapreneurship. They find that salespeople's use of sales technology has positive effects on the firm's information system and, subsequently, on salespeople's intrapreneurial behaviour (strategic renewal and venture behaviour). The authors also suggest that the firm's information system plays a mediating role between salespeople's use of technology and their strategic renewal and venture behaviour. In the third article, based on social support theory and technology acceptance models, Makmor, Alam, Masukujjaman, Makhbul, Ali, and Mamun examine the factors determining purchase intention on social commerce sites. Using a detailed purchase intention model, the authors analyse the responses obtained from 392 questionnaires distributed in Malaysia, using partial least squares structural equation modelling. The research provides new contributions to the understanding of factors that can influence consumer purchase intention, highlighting the important role of consumer trust in the online context, as well as social support (both in the form of emotional and informational support), which are related to the technology acceptance model and purchase intention. The fourth article, developed by Bernardino, Freitas Santos and Silva, explores the personal network linkages of social entrepreneurs and the use of social media platforms to examine whether they bring more resources to the social organisation. A conceptual model is developed based on a review of the literature. Structural equation modelling is used to test the hypotheses on a sample of 313 Portuguese social organisations. They find that social entrepreneurs’ network linkages have a direct (via stakeholders) and an indirect (via social media use) effect on the resource acquisition process. Overall, their work demonstrates the strong role of personal networks as a potential determinant of resource acquisition for Portuguese social organisations. Finally, in the fifth paper, Katrin Kizilkan aims to expand knowledge about the entrepreneurial finance landscape and digital platforms in the context of entrepreneurs' social media communication behaviour. Based on signalling theory, Schulz von Thun's communication theory and social capital theory, the article assesses the main success determinants in the behaviour of crowdfunders. In the article, the author develops several hypotheses that are tested using a multivariate approach based on logistic regression. The data was collected from 169 campaigns available on the largest rewards-based crowdfunding platform in Germany (Startnext). The research conducted by Katrin reveals the success factors of a crowdfunding campaign in terms of the behaviour of the entrepreneur and the characteristics that social entrepreneurs should pay special attention to when designing a crowdfunding campaign. The results highlight the importance of quality signals to reduce information asymmetries. The article offers practical recommendations to entrepreneurs on how to run a successful campaign in the digital context, and in particular how to use social media effectively in the context of a reward-based crowdfunding campaign. Overall, each of the papers provides new insights into the challenges of the digital economy for entrepreneurship and organisations, incorporating a variety of theoretical perspectives and research designs, demonstrating the promise of different approaches to inform research on the digital economy. Indeed, the digital age brings new opportunities for the way businesses are developed, which could be exploited by both entrepreneurs and organisations.

In recent years, with the continuous reform and innovation of the sports industry, the national training of sports talents has gradually developed into the training mode of skilled sports talents and professional talents in the field of sports. Therefore, the research on the influence of entrepreneurship education on the entrepreneurial psychology of sports majors has become the inevitable requirement of the development of the sports industry. The purposes are to understand the entrepreneurial psychology and its influencing factors of the students in sports majors after graduation and promote more suitable college students to start businesses and realize self-value. With the students in sports majors in four colleges of Y province as the research object, the typical model in psychology, planning behavior model, is taken as the basic theoretical basis. The questionnaire method combined with the data mining technology based on the decision tree model is adopted to study the influencing factors of entrepreneurial psychology of sports majors. It focuses on the influencing factors and mechanisms of the entrepreneurial drive of sports students. The results show that the three factors, namely, entrepreneurial behavior attitude, entrepreneurial subjective norms, and entrepreneurial perceptual behavior control, are different and interrelated. They are inseparable and can be transformed into each other under certain conditions. Three factors jointly drive the entrepreneurial behavior of students in sports majors. The entrepreneurial drive of students in sports majors in Y province is a dynamic system mechanism, which is analyzed using data mining technology. The entrepreneurial perceptual behavior control is the core factor affecting the entrepreneurial drive of students in sports majors. However, the success rate of entrepreneurs will be higher when the three elements play a reasonable role. The subjective factors driving their entrepreneurship will be reduced in direct proportion when entrepreneurs are deficient in one aspect.

21st century skills are considered as the skills that people need in a changing world such as creativity and innovation, critical thinking, problem solving, communication and cooperation. This study aims to examine 21st century skills of high school students in terms of some variables and to investigate the relationship between students’ academic achievement and 21st century skills. The present study, based on survey model, was a descriptive research. The research was carried out with 323 high school students from different levels and schools in Istanbul. “Multidimensional 21st Century Skills Scale” with 5 sub-dimensions including Problem Solving and Critical Thinking Skills, Information and Technology Literacy Skills, , Social Responsibility and Leadership Skills, Entrepreneurship and Innovation Skills and Career Awareness and “Personal Information Form” were used as data collection tools in the research. The academic success of students was evaluated through the grade point average of the 2019-2020 fall semester. The analysis of the data was carried out quantitatively to evaluate each sub-dimension and all of the scale. According to the results of the research, while the multidimensional 21st century skills of the students measured throughout the scale do not differ significantly according to the gender variable, there is a significant difference in problem solving and critical thinking skills, information and technology literacy skills, entrepreneurship and innovation skills sub-dimensions. While the skills of students’ problem solving and critical thinking skills, information and technology literacy skills, entrepreneurship and innovation skills differ significantly according to their class levels, there is no difference in social responsibility and leadership skills and career awareness sub-dimensions according to the class level variable. Another result obtained in the research is that there is a positive relationship between students’ 21st century skills and academic achievements. As a suggestion, different factors affecting students’ 21st century skills development can be examined. Keywords: 21st Century Skills, High School Students, Academic Achievement, Survey Model

Diversity is a key driver of innovation and a critical component of success on a global scale. Countries that deploy strategies to foster greater inclusion of all inventors in the innovation lifecycle will ultimately be best positioned to maximize their gross domestic product and ensure economic prosperity. The U.S is losing ground because it is not fully engaging a significant portion of the inventive talent pool. According to a 2019 report from the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office, the share of women among all U.S. inventor-patentees is only 12.8%.In an effort to understand factors that encouraged and discouraged academic women’s participation in technology commercialization, a group of Technology Transfer professionals conducted a survey of academic women involved in innovation, invention and/or entrepreneurship. The 168 respondents were from public and private research institutions of varying sizes from all regions of the United States. This paper outlines the key findings from the qualitative and quantitative data around the themes that emerged. It also puts forth a set of recommendations based on the survey feedback, follow-up interviews, and the collective experience of Technology Transfer professionals who work daily with academic innovators. It is our hope that these recommendations will provide valuable insights into concrete actions that can be taken to ensure systemic changes that foster greater engagement of academic women and other under-represented populations in all stages of the innovation lifecycle.

AbstractThe current research shows tremendous improvements in the business marketing processes because some problems are long‐term bond yields and macroeconomic data handling at a minimum level. Any industry can revolutionize business marketing processes if it takes a specific business marketing model to eliminate such deficiencies, examines the various elements that occur in them, and finds out how to fix them. As a result, some factors have to be controlled for in this research. Innovations and advancements in signal processing techniques on business processes occur spontaneously in business processes that are managed like this. In the below‐mentioned business improvement success factors, score, learning best, future creation, people involvement, goals setting, plan and develop is the most essential factor. The elimination of these factors causes some disruption in business marketing processes. These gaps cause problems in the field of science and technology‐based business marketing. The problem caused by these factors is the excess usage of two‐wheeler, which generates more vehicular crises. The smart helmet business is the only solution to this automotive crisis. But because some of the above problems occur to this business process marketing. Considering that some sensors to make smart helmets will develop the business in the name of this imperative, considering the factors of production are land, labour, capital, and entrepreneurship as the centre, this research introduces signal processing technology to make a helmet. The signal processing‐based helmet proposed here is constructive for business. This research suggests a smart helmet business with signal‐processing technology. This study highlights how adopting the smart helmet product might improve corporate marketing procedures. According to the results of our research, when people use this smart helmet product, depending on how well they can use it, that specific business rises to the top and falls to the bottom. These business marketing methods operate at a greater level and are profitable whenever their capacity rises. The effectiveness of this smart helmet declines as accidents increase and corporate marketing procedures degrade. Since our production now depends on whether the intelligent helmets are beneficial or harmful and destructive. The analytical technique described below can be used to find them.

Purpose This multiple case study research aims to identify the characteristics of scaling up SMEs in Chile for exploring how and why some entrepreneurship in the information technology (IT) sector are able to scale up and develop sustainable strategies, based on three consecutive years. The average sales of the companies during the last period analysed was around US$1,323,579, with an average annual growth rate of 66.7%. Scaling up SMEs may require several attributes to achieve positive revenue and develop effective high growth rates that allow them to succeed over several years. Design/methodology/approach To discern the phenomenon of entrepreneurship, the methodology of multiple case study research was conducted in three parts. The first was to define and design the research process, in which the study should settle the theory analysis and then show that research propositions and questions. The second part of the research was to prepare, collect and analyse the data through crafting instruments and data collection protocols as a source of evidence to conduct the pilot and multiple case study. In this stage, interviews were scheduled, transcribed, analysed and coded to explore how individual attributes may create a scaling-up entrepreneurial process for maintaining or developing high performance in the IT sector. The last part of the research concludes and validates the research propositions for the identification for potential attributes, which were obtained during the qualitative study. Findings Attributes were selected when 13 or more SMEs reported the importance of this initiative for the process of scaling up their SMEs. As a result of the data analysis, the empirical findings suggest on the importance of the academic background, budgetary control, negative entrepreneurial experiences, building teams, geographical expansion and first critical experience as key attributes for scaling-up. Additionally, the data propose that constructive entrepreneurial ecosystem and reforms financing markets and programmes are two additional components that could moderate the interaction between the scaling-up process and the achievement of rapid sales results as a key outcome measure. Research limitations/implications The first limitation was the lack of consensus on the phenomenon of the scaling up of entrepreneurship. Information in Latin America and emerging countries is scarce, which also represents an opportunity for other researchers to deepen and validate the results reported here. Even though it was an attempt to understand the issue of environmental change, this additional limitation did not allow the evaluation of these adjustments over time that can positively or negatively drive the strategies corresponding to the evolution in each of the moderator variables. Practical implications Because of the characteristics of the sample in terms of size of the SMEs, industrial sector, location, culture, socio-economic environment and years of establishment of the company, the study cannot be generalised in terms of other industrial sectors or countries. The results of this research are also limited to SMEs in Chile, and to the extent that it can be applied to emerging countries IT sectors with similar sample characteristics, it must be done so with caution. Yin states that eight cases “are sufficient replications to convince the reader of a general phenomenon”. Social implications Policymakers have the option to identify what skills and knowledge the entrepreneur requires to be trained to scale up their established ventures. In this context, they will also benefit from the empirical contribution of knowing what the restrictions that limit this process are, such as adverse tax systems and public strategies. Additionally, it is of public interest because no national records exist on the presence of theoretical terms. Originality/value Even though the literature promotes the present findings, it shows that there is an absence of empirical evidence in emerging economies to better comprehend which factors may affect the development process of scaling up entrepreneurship in the IT sector. Both deliberate and emergent strategic initiatives are necessary for the scaling-up process where six critical factors are the basis of the scaling-up. This empirical contribution for entrepreneurs will support the achievement of rapid and sustained sales results for scaling up their ventures.