Academic literature on the topic 'Subterranean clover Growth'
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Journal articles on the topic "Subterranean clover Growth"
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Gibberd, M. R., and P. S. Cocks. "Effect of waterlogging and soil pH on the micro-distribution of naturalised annual legumes." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 48, no. 2 (1997): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/a96074.
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Variation in the size and composition of the soil seed bank of 3 naturalised legumes, subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.), woolly clover (T. tomentosum L.), and cluster clover (T. glomeratum L.), was related to soil characteristics on a transect that ascended from a winter waterlogged area in a wheatbelt pasture. Growth of the 3 species was compared with other species from section Vesicaria (T. resupinatum and T. clusii) in waterlogged and freely drained pots for 34 days. Of the 3 naturalised legumes present in the transect, cluster clover was rare, and woolly and subterranean clovers were separated on the basis of their response to soil pH and the likelihood of winter waterlogging. Subterranean clover was absent from soil with pH > 7·0; these areas were dominated by woolly clover. Areas with pH < 7·0 were dominated by subterranean clover, except where winter waterlogging was likely, in which case they were once again dominated by woolly clover. The waterlogging tolerance of woolly clover, together with that of other species in section Vesicaria, was confirmed in the pot experiment. After 34 days, shoot dry weight of the waterlogged Vesicaria species was an average of 39% greater than the freely drained controls. Root length continued to increase for the duration of the waterlogging treatment with much of the new root growth as laterals. Conversely, shoot and root growth in subterranean and cluster clovers was severely reduced by waterlogging. The patchy distribution of woolly clover in many wheatbelt pastures can be explained by its response to high pH and winter waterlogging compared with subterranean clover.
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Norman, Hayley C., David G. Masters, Allan J. Rintoul, Matt G. Wilmot, Vijay Jayasena, Angelo Loi, and Clinton K. Revell. "The relative feeding value of a new pasture legume, eastern star clover (Trifolium dasyurum), compared with subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum)." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 56, no. 6 (2005): 637. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar04271.
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An accession of eastern star clover (Trifolium dasyurum C. Presl.), a new species to agriculture, has been identified by the National Annual Pasture Legume Improvement Program for commercial release in Australia. This paper reports the findings of an experiment designed to assess the feeding value of eastern star clover compared with a commercial cultivar of subterranean clover (T. subterraneum L. cv. Dalkeith). The hypothesis tested in this experiment is that sheep grazing eastern star clover will have similar growth rates, condition scores, and wool production to sheep grazing subterranean clover. Additionally, it is hypothesised that the sheep grazing the different clover species will have similar health and meat quality. The relative feeding value of the 2 clover species was tested using 14-month-old Merino wethers, grazing 8 by 0.5 ha plots (4 of each species). Stocking rates were such that herbage mass availability would not have limited feed intake. Liveweight, wool growth, and animal health were monitored. After 10 weeks of grazing, 2 animals from each plot were slaughtered for sensory analysis of meat. Although there were generally no differences in liveweight change, condition, or wool growth between sheep grazing eastern star or subterranean clovers, sheep in the subterranean clover plots grew faster during the first month of grazing. There were no differences in meat eating quality (tenderness, juiciness, or flavour), animal health, or vegetable matter contamination of wool. The data suggest that the clovers had the same relative feeding value despite herbage mass from the eastern star clover plots having lower in vitro digestibility, crude protein, and higher fibre than herbage mass from the subterranean clover plots. Given that there was a minimum of 1000 kg/ha of herbage mass in the plots, it is likely that sheep gazing the two clovers were able to maintain the same weight by selecting the high quality components of the pasture. Differences in plant quality are associated with differences in reproductive strategies of the clovers.
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Conning, S. A., M. Renton, M. H. Ryan, and P. G. H. Nichols. "Biserrula and subterranean clover can co-exist during the vegetative phase but are out-competed by capeweed." Crop and Pasture Science 62, no. 3 (2011): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp10218.
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Biserrula (Biserrula pelecinus L.) is a recently domesticated annual pasture legume developed for ley farming systems that have traditionally relied upon subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.). This study examined competitive interactions between biserrula and subterranean clover and the common broad-leaf weed capeweed (Arctotheca calendula L.) during seedling establishment and vegetative growth, in order to develop guidelines for successful legume pasture management. Two glasshouse experiments were conducted to investigate the allocation of biomass to roots and shoots in biserrula, capeweed, and subterranean clover and its relationship with competitive ability in the first 100 days after sowing. In Experiment 1, capeweed had a higher relative growth rate of shoots and roots than the two legumes and developed a more extensive root system. Experiment 2 consisted of growing binary mixtures of the three species at different densities. The effect of competition on the biomass of biserrula, capeweed, and subterranean clover was best modelled by a power–exponential model. Increasing capeweed densities suppressed the biomass production of both biserrula and subterranean clover, whereas capeweed biomass increased with increasing densities of subterranean clover. This study suggests that the competitive advantage of capeweed is mainly conferred during the seedling stage. It also suggests that biserrula and subterranean clover germinating at the same time can co-exist as a mixed sward, at least up until flowering, if biserrula density is high relative to subterranean clover.
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Chapman, R., T. J. Ridsdill-Smith, and N. C. Turner. "Water stress and redlegged earth mites affect the early growth of seedlings in a subterranean clover/capeweed pasture community." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 51, no. 3 (2000): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar99108.
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The impact of water stress and infestations of redlegged earth mite [Halotydeus destructor Tucker (Acarina : Penthaleidae)] on the early growth and botanical composition of a mixed subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) and capeweed (Arctotheca calendula Levyns) pasture was investigated in a controlled environment experiment. Water stress and redlegged earth mite infestations both significantly reduced herbage production from both species. The yield of the subterranean clover was suppressed less by water stress than that of the capeweed. The differing sensitivities of the two species to water stress were attributed to differences in seedling size and growth rates at the onset of the drought. Redlegged earth mites caused greater feeding damage on cotyledons of the subterranean clover than of the capeweed. Despite this, the mites had a greater deleterious impact on the growth of the capeweed, which was suppressed both in the presence and absence of water stress. Redlegged earth mites in the presence of water stress did not significantly affect the growth of the subterranean clover. Furthermore, in the absence of water stress, the growth of the subterranean clover was greater when mites were present than when absent. The greater sensitivity of the capeweed to the effects of feeding by the redlegged earth mites was attributed to the smaller size of its seedlings at the time the redlegged earth mites were introduced. The increase in growth of the subterranean clover following the introduction of redlegged earth mites is more likely due to a change in the competitive relationships between the two plant species than to any direct effect of the mites’ feeding. Our observations indicate that the presence of water stress and redlegged earth mites significantly affects the competitive interactions between seedlings of subterranean clover and capeweed.
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Eden, T. M., P. J. Gerard, D. J. Wilson, and N. L. Bell. "Effects of invertebrate pests on white and annual clovers in dryland soil." New Zealand Plant Protection 63 (August 1, 2010): 235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2010.63.6574.
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Two experiments were carried out at Ruakura in soil taken from Whatawhata hill country pasture The relative susceptibility of several annual clovers (Trifolium spp) and perennial white clover (T repens) to slugs (Deroceras reticulatum) clover root weevil (Sitona lepidus) adults native crickets (Nemobius sp) or wheat bugs (Nysius huttoni) was tested by sowing seed of the clovers into separate rows in turf Susceptibility of clovers to clover cyst nematode (Heterodera trifolii) was tested by sowing each clover variety into Whatawhata soil inoculated with the nematode Plant growth was assessed in both experiments 4 weeks after sowing White clover was more susceptible to pests than the annual clovers with slugs and clover root weevil significantly reducing seedling survival and clover cyst nematode significantly reducing plant growth Subterranean clover (T subterraneum) cv Denmark was the least affected by pests showing no significant reduction in survival in the presence of slugs the most damaging pest and no significant decrease in plant root and shoot dry weight when exposed to nematodes
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Rogers, ME, and CL Noble. "The effect of NaCl on the establishment and growth of balansa clover (Trifolium michelianum Savi var. balansae Boiss.)." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 42, no. 5 (1991): 847. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9910847.
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The effect of NaCl on the germination, seedling emergence and growth of established plants of balansa clover, Trifolium michelianum Savi var. balansae Bois. cv. Paradana was studied and compared with plants of subterranean clover T: subterraneum L. cv. Clare. Balansa and subterranean clover had similar salt tolerances at germination and seedling emergence. However balansa clover suffered from poor seedling vigour even under non-saline conditions, and this resulted in a low number of emerged seedlings over all NaCl concentrations compared with subterranean clover. Established plants of balansa clover, despite a lower initial seedling yield, were significantly more salt tolerant (P < 0.001) and had a greater survival rate over a four month period at concentrations greater than 75 mol m-3 NaCl. Shoot concentrations of chloride and sodium increased with increasing salinity in both species, however concentrations were lower in balansa clover especially at higher NaCl concentrations (75 and 100 mol m-3 NaCl). It is concluded that whilst established stands of balansa clover may be able to withstand high concentrations of NaCl, the major limitation to its establishment and production in saline irrigation areas is its poor seedling emergence and vigour.
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Smetham, M. L. "Subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum): its history and current and future research in New Zealand." NZGA: Research and Practice Series 11 (January 1, 2003): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.11.2003.2994.
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This review covers the history of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) and its present occurrence in New Zealand; a review of research and conclusions to be drawn from this; and examines past and future research directions. Subterranean clover has been important in terms of area of use in New Zealand since the late 1930's. Today it makes a significant contribution to pasture production on steep, north-facing North Island hill country where effective rainfall is low, and in other areas where soil moisture drops below wilting point for between 2 weeks and 5 months of the year. Research has identified the superiority of cultivars possessing a compact, ground-hugging habit of growth, and flowering late, in late October - early November, for use in North Island hill country. In drier areas, more research is needed to identify superior cultivars, although there is evidence that lines in the mid-season or early mid-season flowering groups may be appropriate. A major problem for the use of subterranean clovers in New Zealand is the slow breakdown of hardseededness. About 7 M ha of land in New Zealand is mapped as being subject to slight to severe moisture deficit (an area which could with advantage support subterranean clover), but further research is needed to identify appropriate cultivars for 4.8 M ha or more of this area. Key words: history, New Zealand, research, Trifolium subterraneum
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Coventry, DR, JR Hirth, and KKH Fung. "Nutritional restraints on subterranean clover grown on acid soils used for crop-pasture rotation." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 38, no. 1 (1987): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9870163.
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Lime, N and molybdenum fertilizers were used to establish how soil acidity limits the growth of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum), in pot culture, on acid soils taken from north-east Victoria. The results indicate that two nutritional factors associated with the growth of subterranean clover are affected by excess acidity. These are manganese toxicity and ineffective nodulation of the clover. The plants grown on one unlimed soil (Rutherglen) had manganese concentrations and symptoms consistent with manganese toxicity. Liming the second soil (Lilliput) overcame a N deficiency by way of increased nodule formation. A third nutritional factor commonly associated with excess acidity, and found on the Lilliput soil, molybdenum deficiency, was not alleviated by the application of lime. Instead, the application of molybdenum fertilizer gave increases in clover dry matter production at all lime rates. In the absence of molybdenum fertilizer, the molybdenum concentration of the herbage was extremely low, irrespective of liming. These results are discussed in relation to already established field responses of subterranean clover to lime, and the management of the clover-ley system on the strongly acid soils.
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Norman, Hayley C., Angelo Loi, Matt G. Wilmot, Allan J. Rintoul, Bradley J. Nutt, and Clinton K. Revell. "Sheep grazing bladder clover (Trifolium spumosum L.) had similar productivity and meat quality to sheep grazing subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.)." Animal Production Science 53, no. 3 (2013): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an12185.
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An accession of bladder clover, a new species to agriculture, was selected for commercial release in Australia with the cultivar name of AGWEST Bartolo. As part of a duty-of-care assessment, we tested the hypothesis that sheep grazing the bladder clover cultivar will have similar liveweight, condition scores and wool production to sheep grazing a widely adopted subterranean clover cultivar (cv. Dalkeith). Further, we hypothesised that sheep grazing bladder clover and subterranean clover will have similar meat quality (after 48 days of grazing) and health as indicated by muscle, liver and kidney panel analysis. The data supported the hypotheses. While there were significant initial differences in liveweight between the two groups of sheep, there were no significant differences in liveweight at later time points during the grazing period and no significant differences in mean daily growth rate between weighing times. There were no differences in wool growth between sheep grazing the bladder or subterranean clover cultivars. Sheep in the subterranean clover plots had significantly higher condition scores after the first 24 days of grazing; however, these differences were not apparent after another 24 days of grazing. There were some differences in indications of animal health; however, there were no significant detrimental effects associated with bladder clover and sheep grazing both species had mean plasma indicators that were deemed ‘healthy’. There were no differences in meat eating quality as estimated by a consumer panel for tenderness, juiciness or flavour. Dry seasonal conditions limited biomass growth and the sheep were removed from the subterranean clover plots on Day 48 of grazing. The sheep grazing the bladder clover plots remained on the plots for a further 26 days. The data indicate that, for the conditions of this experiment, the clovers had the same relative feeding value. Laboratory analysis of herbage from across the clover plots (bulked before analysis) suggest that the bladder clover had higher in vitro digestibility, crude protein and lower fibre than the herbage sample from the subterranean clover plots. The biomass data indicate that the bladder clover cultivar can support more grazing days per ha in a relatively dry season than the subterranean clover cultivar.
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Nichols, P. G. H., M. J. Barbetti, P. M. Evans, A. D. Craig, G. A. Sandral, B. S. Dear, P. Si, and M. P. You. "Napier subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L. var. yanninicum)." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 46, no. 8 (2006): 1109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea05084.
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Napier is a late flowering F6-derived crossbred subterranean clover of var. yanninicum [(Katz. et Morley) Zohary and Heller] developed by the collaborating organisations of the National Annual Pasture Legume Improvement Program. It is a replacement for both Larisa and Meteora and has been selected for release on the basis of its greater herbage and seed production and disease resistance to both known races of clover scorch and 2 of the common races of Phytophthora root rot. Napier is recommended for sowing in Victoria, Western Australia, New South Wales, and South Australia. It is best suited to moderately acidic soils prone to water-logging and to loamy and clay soils with good water-holding capacity in areas with a minimum growing season length of 7.5 months, which extends into late November. Napier is well adapted to the permanent pasture systems found in the areas in which it will be grown. Its upright, vigorous growth makes it well suited to grazing by cattle or sheep and to fodder conservation. Napier has been granted Plant Breeders Rights in Australia.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Subterranean clover Growth"
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Ghomsheh, Habib Nadian. "Effects of soil compaction on growth and P uptake by Trifolium subterraneum colonised by VAM fungi /." Title page, Contents and Summary only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ASOP/09asopg427.pdf.
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Ru, Ying Jun. "The influence of cultivar variation on the potential productivity of swards of subterranean clover when utilised by grazing animals / by Yingjun Ru." 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/18931.
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Bibliography: leaves 144-163.xv, 163 leaves : ill. ; 30 cm.
Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library.
This thesis examines genetic variation in growth rate and growth form among subterranean clover cultivars in winter. The effect of plant density and sowing time on growth rate and sward structure of subterranean clover in winter and the impact of grazing intensity on morphology and nutritive value of subterranean clover is studied. It explores also genetic variation in the nutritive value of subterranean clover.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Agronomy and Farming Systems, 1997
Books on the topic "Subterranean clover Growth"
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Almendras, Angela S. Influence of soil acidity upon nodulation and growth characteristics of Trifolium subterraneum L. 1987.
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Kirchman, David L. Symbioses and microbes. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789406.003.0014.
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The book ends with a chapter devoted to discussing interactions between microbes and higher plants and animals. Symbiosis is sometimes used to describe all interactions, even negative ones, between organisms in persistent, close contact. This chapter focuses on interactions that benefit both partners (mutualism), or one partner while being neutral to the other (commensalism). Microbes are essential to the health and ecology of vertebrates, including Homo sapiens. Microbial cells outnumber human cells on our bodies, aiding in digestion and warding off pathogens. In consortia similar to the anaerobic food chain of anoxic sediments, microbes are essential in the digestion of plant material by deer, cattle, and sheep. Different types of microbes form symbiotic relationships with insects and help to explain their huge success in the biosphere. Protozoa are crucial for wood-boring insects, symbiotic bacteria in the genus Buchnera provide sugars to host aphids while obtaining essential amino acids in exchange, and fungi thrive in subterranean gardens before being harvested for food by ants. Symbiotic dinoflagellates directly provide organic material to support coral growth in exchange for ammonium and other nutrients. Corals are now threatened worldwide by rising oceanic temperatures, decreasing pH, and other human-caused environmental changes. At hydrothermal vents in some deep oceans, sulfur-oxidizing bacteria fuel an entire ecosystem and endosymbiotic bacteria support the growth of giant tube worms. Higher plants also have many symbiotic relationships with bacteria and fungi. Symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria in legumes and other plants fix more nitrogen than free-living bacteria. Fungi associated with plant roots (“mycorrhizal”) are even more common and potentially provide plants with phosphorus as well as nitrogen. Symbiotic microbes can provide other services to their hosts, such as producing bioluminescence, needed for camouflage against predators. In the case of the bobtail squid, bioluminescence is only turned on when populations of the symbiotic bacteria reach critical levels, determined by a quorum sensing mechanism.
Book chapters on the topic "Subterranean clover Growth"
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Thomson, C. J., and T. P. Bolger. "Effects of seed phosphorus concentration on the emergence and growth of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum)." In Plant Nutrition — from Genetic Engineering to Field Practice, 353–56. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1880-4_71.
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