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Academic literature on the topic 'Subsurface stress'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Subsurface stress"

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Qin, Xiao Feng, Da Le Sun, and Li Yang Xie. "Research on the Approach for the Assessment of Subsurface Rolling Contact Fatigue Damage." Applied Mechanics and Materials 395-396 (September 2013): 845–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.395-396.845.

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In this paper, the distribution of different critical stresses, which were used in previous correlation articles for the assessment of subsurface rolling contact fatigue damage, was analyzed. The rationality of orthogonal shear stress was selected as the key stress controlling the subsurface rolling contact fatigue damage was clarified. Base on the linear fatigue damage accumulative theory and the modification equation for the range of asymmetrical stress, the influence of friction on subsurface rolling contact fatigue damage was studied. The results show that the subsurface orthogonal shear stress is a completely symmetrical stress when the friction coefficient is zero, while it is an asymmetrical stress with considering the friction. The stress ratio of subsurface orthogonal shear stress and subsurface rolling contact fatigue damage is increased with the increasing of friction.
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Harris, T. A., and Wei Kuei Yu. "Lundberg-Palmgren Fatigue Theory: Considerations of Failure Stress and Stressed Volume." Journal of Tribology 121, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2833815.

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Load ratings and fatigue life prediction of rolling bearings is based on the Lundberg-Palmgren theory first published in Sweden in 1947. The basic equation of this theory includes the stressed volume of material in the bearing raceway subsurfaces as a major parameter. This volume of material is simplistically determined to have a nearly rectangular subsurface cross-sectional area bounded by the length of the maximum contact area ellipse and the depth at which the maximum failure-causing stress occurs. The latter stress is assumed to be effective over this area. In fact, a distribution of stress occurs, and in this investigation it is demonstrated that the subsurface volume with a potential for fatigue cracking is substantially different from that used by Lundberg and Palmgren. This difference in volume, particularly in the presence of surface shear stresses, can have a profound effect on the method and prediction of bearing fatigue lives.
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Mizozoe, Syunsuke, and Katsuyuki Kida. "Internal Shear Stress Distribution and Subsurface Cracks of PPS Thrust Bearings under Rolling Contact Fatigue in Water." Key Engineering Materials 858 (August 2020): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.858.101.

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In this study, crack propagation in PPS thrust bearings under rolling contact fatigue (RCF) in water was observed, and relation between subsurface crack and internal shear stress parallel to the surface was investigated. It was found the cause of flaking was subsurface crack. They were evaluated in terms of contact stress and friction between their faces. It was discovered that subsurface cracks distributed around shear stress peak, and flaking failure was dominated by subsurface shear stress.
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INABA, Takuma, Takashi KATAGIRI, Hidekazu NOZUE, and Takashi MATSUMURA. "Residual Stress in Subsurface Finished in Milling." Proceedings of The Manufacturing & Machine Tool Conference 2019.13 (2019): A20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemmt.2019.13.a20.

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Bian, Gui Xue, Yue Liang Chen, Jian Jun Hu, and Yong Zhang. "Fatigue Microcrack Initiation and Propagation of Aluminum Alloy under Different Stress Level and Stress Ratio." Advanced Materials Research 239-242 (May 2011): 1495–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.239-242.1495.

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The microstructure of fatigue fracture of aluminum alloys under various stresses and stress ratios were studied by optical microscope and scanning electron microscope, and the influences of microstructure features on microcrack initiation and propagation were investigated. The results show that the fatigue microcrack originated from surface or subsurface of specimens. And with the increase of stress ratio, fatigue crack originated from deeper subsurface at the same stress level. With the increase of stress level, fatigue crack originated from shallower subsurface or surface at same stress ratio. There is an increase in crack propagation region as the stress level decreases at the same stress ratio. Increasing of stress ratio, increases crack propagation region under same stress level. Microcrack generally originated from secondary (S phase particles) and larger particles at low stress level and high stress ratio. Microcrack generally originated from larger constituent particles at high stress level and low stress ratio. Microcracks propagation is evidently impeded by grain boundaries at low stress level and high stress ratio.
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Wang, Cheng, Wei Yu, and Cheng Zu Ren. "An Accurate Method for Calculating the Contact Subsurface Stress Field of Hybrid Ceramic Ball Bearing." Solid State Phenomena 175 (June 2011): 215–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.175.215.

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In order to predict fatigue life of hybrid ceramic ball bearing (HCBB) by Ioannides and Harris (IH) theory, the contact subsurface stress field is needed. The contact surfaces of ball and race groove are compatible. The closed-form analytical solution of compatible contact problem is hard to be obtained. The Finite Element Method (FEM) together with submodel technology is adopted to accurately and efficiently calculate the contact deformation and subsurface stress of ball–race groove contact. The result indicated that, the FEM with submodel technology considers the real contact deformation of ball-race groove, and can accurately and efficiently calculate the subsurface stress field. It is believed that the calculated subsurface stress field can be used in IH theory to predict fatigue life of HCBB.
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Elsharkawy, A. A., and B. J. Hamrock. "Subsurface Stresses in Micro-EHL Line Contacts." Journal of Tribology 113, no. 3 (July 1, 1991): 645–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2920673.

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The circular non-Newtonian fluid model associated with a limiting shear strength and the system approach were used to calculate the pressure, surface shear stress, and film thickness profiles in an elastohydrodynamically lubricated conjunction under isothermal conditions. The calculated pressure and surface shear stress were used to evaluate the maximum shear stress and the von Mises equivalent stress distributions in the solids. The effect of the slide-roll ratio for smooth lubricated surfaces, the effect of a single moving irregularity located on one of the smooth lubricated surfaces, and the effect of the amplitude and wavelength of a stationary sinusoidal wavy surface on the pressure, surface shear stress, and film thickness profiles, and hence on the subsurface stress pattern in the solids, were studied.
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Sulaiman, Mohd Syakir, Wani Sofia Udin, and Aweng Eh Rak. "Shear joints and its relations with subsurface structures in Batu Melintang, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia." Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS) 8, no. 2 (August 6, 2021): 86–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.47253/jtrss.v8i2.626.

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Shear joint is the common rock deformation structures formed in Batu Melintang, Jeli due to its location within Bentong-Raub Suture zone. The structural analysis of shear joint can give information about the direction of maximum and minimum stress exerted on a rock while undergoing deformation as the effect of stress fields in the study area. The subsurface structural analysis is done by using the geophysical resistivity method. It displays the subsurface structure in the area for confirmation of the structure found on the surface whether it is highly fractured, moderately fractured or low fractured. The research area was divided into six grids for systematic field measurement. The shear joints orientation were taken while conducting geological mapping and recorded using rose diagram analysis; while the geophysical resistivity method was carried out with a varied length of survey lines set at 200/100m and 1.25/2.5/5m electrode spacing. The subsurface depth of penetration for each survey line is varied, ranging from 0m to 50m. The data is processed in RES2DINV software to obtain the pseudosection profile of the subsurface. The study area principal stress was identified; the maximum stress force ?1 was directed in NW-SE in direction of S107°E and N287°W, while minimum stress ?3 was directed in NE-SW in direction of N17°E and S197°W. The pseudosection subsurface image also displayed a correlation between surface shear joint structures and subsurface structures. The subsurface investigation; according to the pseudosection found that the study area consists of highly fractured structure displayed as several weak zones and fractures of bedrock.
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Zong, Nanfu, Hui Zhang, Yang Liu, and Zhifang Lu. "Analysis of the off-corner subsurface cracks of continuous casting blooms under the influence of soft reduction and controllable approaches by a chamfer technology." Metallurgical Research & Technology 116, no. 3 (2019): 310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2018102.

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In the current study, the morphology of the off-corner subsurface cracks located on the cross section of continuous casting bloom under a soft reduction operation was observed. A 3D thermo-mechanical model was adopted to calculate the temperature history, bulging deformation and stress distributions in the reduction region, and then to analyze the formation of the off-corner subsurface cracks under the influence of soft reduction. The results showed that the off-corner subsurface cracks can be formed under the influence of the extensive stress fields which develop in the cracking temperature range, especially located on the loosed side of the bloom corner region. Adjusting the chamfer angle and chamfer length can decrease stress concentration and bulging deformation to minimize the risk of off-corner subsurface cracks during the soft reduction operation.
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Kida, Katsuyuki, Shintaro Hazeyama, Takuma Sado, Koshiro Mizobe, and Takuya Shibukawa. "Crack Initiation Observation in Early Stage of Rolling Contact Fatigue of SUJ2 Using a Single-Ball Apparatus." Applied Mechanics and Materials 620 (August 2014): 421–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.620.421.

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A single-ball RCF testing machine was used in order to investigate crack initiation of SUJ2 material at early stage of fatigue. This machine enables observation of a full cross section by sectioning the specimen only once. The RCF tests were carried out under a Hertzian stress of 5.3 GPa, at 3000 rpm. All of the cracks initiated from non-metallic inclusions on 300 mm2sized area were counted, and the relation between the number of cracks and their initiation depths was drawn. Furthermore subsurface shear stress distribution was calculated. Empirical data of the crack distributions and subsurface stress distribution was compared. It was found that the crack starts growing during 3.3×104- 1.0×105cycles by the subsurface shear stress.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Subsurface stress"

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Lejri, Mostfa. "Subsurface stress inversion modeling using linear elasticity : sensitivity analysis and applications." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS212/document.

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Aujourd’hui, l’un des principaux défis dans l’industrie pétrolière, et particulièrement dans le domaine de l’exploration, est l’exploitation des nouvelles ressources dans des zones structuralement complexes.Nous savons que la géométrie et le glissement le long des failles actives modifie la distribution locale des contraintes. La connaissance du champ de contrainte perturbé actuel est importante pour l’étude des tremblements de Terre, pour la planification de forages ainsi que pour la prédiction de la fracturation induite par l’hydro-fracturation et la prédiction de la réactivation des fractures. Les contraintes perturbées passées, quant à elles sont responsables du développement des fractures naturelles (préexistantes). La détection et la modélisation de celles-ci sont essentielles tant dans le domaine pétrolier (migration et piégeage des fluides) pour une exploitation efficace et à moindre coût des réserves naturelles.Comprendre et quantifier le développement spatial et temporel de ces contraintes a un impact économique non négligeable. L'analyse des paléo-contraintes a été introduite dans un premier temps par Anderson (1905 & 1942) de manière intuitive, puis dans le milieu du siècle dernier, Wallace (1951) et Bott ( 1959) proposèrent les simples postulats que le champ de contrainte est homogène et que la direction du rejet est parallèle à la traction projetée sur le plan de faille. Beaucoup de méthodes d’inversion de contraintes reposent aujourd’hui sur ce principe.Afin d’étudier la validité de l’hypothèse Wallace et Bott, une comparaison avec les vecteurs de glissement générés à partir de modèles numériques (BEM) est effectuée. En testant l’influence de multiples paramètres (géométrie, contraintes au limites du modèle, friction, coefficient de poisson, demi-espace, pression de fluide dans la faille), il est montré que les failles à géométries complexes soumises à certaines contraintes aux limites peuvent engendrer des vecteurs glissements présentant des écarts important avec les la plus grande contraintes cisaillantes résolue sur le plan de faille. A l’inverse, la présence d’une forte friction de glissement permet, dans certaines conditions, de valider l’hypothèse de Wallace et Bott. On s’attache ensuite à comparer les résultats des inversions de contraintes basées sur l’hypothèse de Wallace et Bott (appelé méthode d’inversion classique de contraintes) avec une méthode géomécanique. Pour cela, une faille à géométrie complexe est utilisée dans une étude de sensibilité (contraintes aux limites, friction, échantillonnage) permettant d’analyser l’incertitude des résultats des deux méthodes d’inversion. Cette analyse est ensuite confrontée à l’étude d’un cas de terrain, montrant les avantages et inconvénients des méthodes d’inversions classiques de contraintes.Un des principaux défis de l’industrie pétrolière est l’exploitation des ressources des zones structuralement complexes telles que les réservoirs naturellement fracturés. Connaitre l’état de contraintes hétérogène passé permet d’optimiser la modélisation de ces fractures naturelles. Etant donné que les glissements sur les failles sont difficiles à observer dans les réservoirs pétroliers, les données de d’orientation de fractures (joints, failles, stylolites) sont naturellement prises en compte lors de l’inversion des contraintes. On montre, en utilisant divers exemples de terrain et d’industrie, que dans de tels cas, l’utilisation d’inversions basée sur la mécanique est beaucoup plus appropriée. Cependant, il est parfois difficile de déterminer le type cinématique de fracture observée le long des puits, et très souvent, les zones étudiées ont subi une tectonique polyphasée. La dernière partie vise donc à résoudre le problème des données de types cinématiques non identifiables (joints, failles, stylolites…) et étend parallèlement l’inversion mécanique des contraintes à la séparation de phases tectoniques
Today, one of the main challenges in the oil industry, especially during the exploration phase, is the exploitation of new resources in structurally complex areas such as naturally fractured reservoirs, salt diapirs, mountain ranges, and unconventional reservoirs.We know that the geometry and sliding along active faults modifies the local stress distribution. Knowing the present day perturbed stress field is important for the study of earthquakes, for the planning of the borehole drilling and stability as well as for the prediction of fractures induced by hydro-fracturing and reactivation of natural fractures. In the other side, perturbed paleostress are responsible for the development of (pre-existing) natural fractures. The detection and modeling of the latter, are essential both in the oil industry (migration and trapping of fluids) for a cost efficient recovery of natural reserves.Understanding and quantifying the spatial and temporal development of the stress distribution has a significant economic and environmental impact. The analysis of paleo-constraints was intuitively introduced first by Anderson (1905 & 1942), then in the middle of the last century, Wallace (1951) and Bott (1959) proposed the simple hypothesis that (i) The stress field is homogeneous in space and constant in time, and that (ii) the slip direction is parallel to the traction projected on the fault plane which gives the direction of the shear stress. Many stress inversion methods are based on this hypothesis while recent studies raise doubts as to their compatibility with rock mechanics.In order to investigate the validity of the Wallace and Bott hypothesis, a comparison with vectors of slip generated with numerical models (BEM) is performed. By testing the influence of multiple parameters (geometry, boundary conditions, friction, Poisson’s coefficient , half-space, fault fluid pressure), it is shown that the complex geometry faults subject to specific boundary conditions can yield slip vectors with significant discrepancies with the maximum shear stress resolved on the fault plane. Conversely, the presence of a high sliding friction, allows under certain conditions, to validate the hypothesis of Wallace and Bott.We then focus on the task to compare the results of stress inversions based on the assumption of Wallace and Bott (called classical stress inversion methods) to a geomechanical method. For this, a complex fault geometry is used in a sensitivity analysis (boundary conditions, friction, sampling) to evaluate the uncertainty of the results of the two inversion methods. This analysis is then compared to a case study, Chimney Rock (Utah, USA), showing the advantages and disadvantages of the classical stress inversion methods.One of the main challenges of the oil industry is the exploitation of resource in structurally complex oil fields such as naturally fractured reservoirs. Knowing the heterogeneous paleostress allows to optimize the modeling of these natural fractures. Since slip on faults is hardly observed in petroleum reservoirs, fracture orientation data (joints, faults, stylolites) are naturally taken into account during the inversion of stresses. It is shown, using various field and industry examples, that in such cases the use of mechanical stress inversions is much more appropriate.However, it is sometimes difficult to determine the fracture kinematics observed along wellbores, and very often the studied regions underwent multiple tectonic phases. The final section aims to address the problem of data with unknown kinematic (joints, faults, stylolites ...) and expends the mechanical stress inversion to the separation of tectonic phases
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Fang, Xinding Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Geophysical characterization of the effects of fractures and stress on subsurface reservoirs." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84918.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, 2013.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 259-271).
We study the effect of fractures on reservoir characterization and subsurface rock property measurements using seismic data. Based on the scale of a fracture relative to seismic wavelength, we divide the dissertation into two parts: larger scale fractures and microcracks. In the first part, we study the sensitivity of seismic waves and their time-lapse changes in hydraulic fracturing to the geometrical and mechanical properties of fractures that have dimensions comparable to the seismic wavelength. Through our analysis, we give the general seismic response of a fracture with a linear slip boundary and introduce the fracture sensitivity wave equation for optimal time-lapse survey design. Based on the characteristics of scattering from fractures, we develop an approach to determine the fracture properties using scattered seismic waves. The applicability and accuracy of our method is validated through both numerical simulations and laboratory experiments. Application of our approach to the Emilio Field shows that two orthogonal fracture systems exist and the field data results are consistent with well data. In the second part, we study the effects of microcracks and in situ stress on the formation properties measured from borehole sonic logging. Formation property measurements in a borehole could be biased by the borehole stress concentration, which alters the near wellbore formation properties from their original state. To study this problem, we first develop an iterative approach, which combines a rock physics model and a finite-element method, to calculate the stress-dependent elastic properties of the rock around a borehole when it is subjected to an anisotropic stress loading. The validity of this approach is demonstrated through a laboratory experiment on a Berea sandstone sample. We then use the model obtained from the first step and a finite-difference method to simulate the acoustic response in a borehole. We compare our numerical results with published laboratory acoustic wave measurements of the azimuthal velocity variations along a borehole under uniaxial loading and find very good agreement. Our results show that the variation of P-wave velocity versus azimuth is different from the presumed cosine behavior due to the preference of the wavefield to propagate through a higher velocity region.
by Xinding Fang.
Ph.D.
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Rhodes, Rachelle Renee. "Investigating the Functional Response of a Subsurface Biofilm Community to Xenobiotic Stress." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33412.

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Biologically-mediated subsurface remediation by biofilm communities is a poorly understood process that is spatially and temporally dynamic. Two microbial responses, catabolism and the stress response glutathione-gated potassium efflux (GGKE), to benzene, pentachlorophenol (PCP), or Cd exposure were studied in up-flow sand columns to examine the contribution of each response to the overall functional response of a subsurface biofilm. Benzene was catabolized in the aerobic zone, and did not activate the GGKE response, and exhibited the highest biomass concentrations of all columns. PCP was not catabolized during this study, but was found to elicit two responses, oxidative phosphorylation uncoupling and GGKE, that appeared to be concentration dependent. Oxidative uncoupling was the controlling metabolic response up to 10 mg/L PCP, while the GGKE stress response was activated near 20 mg/L PCP. PCP column biomass did not show long-term biomass detachment, although immediate detachment occurred during initial GGKE activation. Cd column biomass activated the GGKE response as perturbing Cd concentrations increased. Extracellular polymeric substance (EPS)-Cd complexation was a possible detoxification mechanism, as biomass concentrations did not decrease with increasing Cd concentration, and increased as Cd concentrations decreased. Results of this study suggested that the increased exposure of electrophilic contaminants to sand column biomass did not cause biomass detachment.
Master of Science
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Tse, Man Kit. "Influence of stress states on soil-water characteristics, conjunctive surface-subsurface flow modelling and stability analysis /." View abstract or full-text, 2007. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CIVL%202007%20TSE.

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Chong, Song Hun. "The effect of subsurface mass loss on the response of shallow foundations." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/54271.

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Subsurface volume loss takes place in many geotechnical situations, and it is inherently accompanied by complex stress and displacement fields that may influence the performance of engineered geosystems. This research is a deformation-centered analysis, it depends on soil compressibility and it is implemented using finite elements. Soil stiffness plays a central role in predicting ground deformation. First, an enhanced Terzaghi’s soil compressibility model is proposed to satisfy asymptotic conditions at low and high stress levels with a small number of physically meaningful parameters. Then, the difference between small and large strain stiffness is explored using published small and large-strain stress-strain data. Typically, emphasis is placed on the laboratory-measured stiffness or compressibility; however, there are pronounced differences between laboratory measurements and field values, in part due to seating effects that prevail in small-thickness oedometer specimens. Many geosystems are subjected to repetitive loads; volumetric strains induced by drained repetitive ko-loads are experimentally investigated to identify shakedown and associated terminal density. The finite element numerical simulation environment is used to explore the effect of localized subsurface mass loss on free-surface deformation and shallow foundations settlement and bearing capacity. A stress relaxation module is developed to reproduce the change in stress associated to dissolution features and soft zone formation. The comprehensive parametric study is summarized in terms of dimensionless ratios that can be readily used for engineering applications. Field settlement data gathered at the Savannah River Site SRS are back-analyzed to compare measured values with predictions based on in situ shear wave velocity and strain-dependent stiffness reduction. The calibrated model is used to estimate additional settlements due to the pre-existing cavities, new cavities, and potential seismic events during the design life of the facility.
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Wongkamhaeng, Kan. "Effect of chairside surface treatments on biaxial flexural strength and subsurface damage in monolithic zirconia for dental applications." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2016. http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/3233.

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Objective: The goal of the present study was to investigate the effect of chairside surface treatments on biaxial flexural strength and subsurface damage of monolithic zirconia ceramics. Methods: Specimens (15x15x1.2 mm3) were prepared by sectioning from commercially available zirconia blanks (BruxZirTM) and sintering according to manufacturer's recommendations. Fully dense specimens were randomly divided into five groups (n=30) and treated as follows; 1) as-sintered (AS) 2) air abraded with 50 μm alumina fine particles (AAF), 3) air abraded with 250 μm coarse alumina particles (AAC), 4) ground (G), and 5) ground and polished (GP) to mimic chairside and dental laboratory treatments. Microstructural changes were thoroughly characterized by optical and scanning electron microscopy, surface profilometry and atomic force microscopy. Crystalline phases and their depth profile were investigated by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and grazing incidence x-ray diffraction (GIXRD). Results were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test and Tukey's adjustment for multiple comparisons. A 0.05 level of significance was used. Reliability was evaluated by Weibull analysis. Results: All treatment groups exhibited a significant difference in mean surface roughness (Rq) compared to the as-sintered group (p<0.05). The AAC group showed the highest surface roughness at 1.08 ± 0.17 μm, followed by the G, AAF and AS groups. The GP group exhibited the lowest surface roughness. The group air abraded with fine particles showed the highest mean biaxial flexural strength (1662.62 ± 202.58 MPa), but was not different from the ground and polished group (1567.19 ± 209.76 MPa). The groups air abraded with coarse particles or ground with diamond bur exhibited comparable mean biaxial flexural strength at 1371.37 ±147.62 MPa and 1356.98 ±196.77 MPa, respectively. The as-sintered group had the lowest mean biaxial flexural strength at 1202.29 ±141.92 MPa. The depth of compressive stress layer, measured by GIXRD was approximately 50 μm in the AAF group, followed by the AAC group with ~35 μm, ~10 μm for the ground group and ~5 μm for the ground and polished group. Deep subsurface cracks were observed in the AAC group (~80 μm in depth) and G group (~25 μm in depth), whereas shallower flaws were present in the AAF and GP groups at 10 and 3 μm, respectively. Weibull analysis represented a greater reliability in zirconia specimens treated with air abrasion groups. Conclusions: Surface treatments induced the t-m transformation in 3Y-TZP and associated development of compressive stresses to a depth that varied with the severity of the treatment performed. GIXRD revealed that AAF led to the thickest compressive stress layer, followed by AAC, G and GP. SEM revealed that subsurface damage was most severe with AAC, followed by G, AAF and GP. We propose that the flexural strength results can be explained by the difference between the depth of the compressive stress layer induced by the transformation and the depth of the subsurface flaws.
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Karimov, Vladimir Rustemovich. "Mathematical modeling of ephemeral gully erosion." Diss., Kansas State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/38230.

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Doctor of Philosophy
Department of Biological & Agricultural Engineering
Aleksey Y. Sheshukov
As the world faces an increasing demand for food due to the growing global population and the pernicious effects of land degradation, there is a need to overcome this challenge by using sustainable management practices for agricultural productions. One of the problems, which sustainable agriculture seeks to address, is the loss of topsoil due to soil erosion. Changing weather patterns also contribute to the average annual rainfall across the globe with an excess precipitation, which creates runoff and causes soil erosion. One of the significant yet less studied types of soil erosion is ephemeral gully erosion. Formed by the concentrated overland flow during intensive rainfall events, ephemeral gullies are channels on agricultural fields that can be removed by tillage operations but appear at the same location every year. Even though simplified ephemeral gully models estimate soil losses, they do not account for complicated hydrological and soil erosion processes of channel formations. The purpose of this research work is to investigate sediment sources and develop tools that can predict ephemeral gully erosion more efficiently. To achieve this goal, an experimental study was conducted on an agricultural field in central Kansas by tracking channel development, monitoring soil moisture content, and recording the amount of rainfall. Runoff and sediment loads from contributing catchment and critical and actual shear stresses were estimated by the computer model, and conclusions were made on the effect of saturation dynamics on the erosion processes. Furthermore, a two-dimensional subsurface water flow and soil erosion model was developed with the variable soil erodibility parameters which account for the subsurface fluxes and the effects on the soil detachment process. The model was applied to study the impacts of variable soil erodibility parameters on the erosion process for different soils and various antecedent soil moisture conditions. Also developed to estimate the soil losses at the field scale was an integrated spatially-distributed ephemeral gully model with dynamic time-dependent channel development. The model showed good fit by matching the experimental data. The results from this work can be used to advance the research of soil erosion prediction from concentrated flow channels and ephemeral gullies formed on agricultural fields.
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Heaverlo, Nicholas D. "Stress and strain rate estimates associated with penetrative deformation of the Harkless quartzite aureole rocks, Papoose Flat Pluton, California/Using structure contour maps to analyze subsurface 3D fault geometry along segments of the Moine Thrust." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/48425.

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Dynamically recrystallized quartz microstructures preserved in contact aureoles allow for stress and strain rate estimates associated with penetrative deformation of rocks surrounding pluton margins. Microstructural analysis of the Harkless quartzites surrounding the western margin of Papoose Flat pluton indicates that recrystallization occurred by grain boundary migration with mean recrystallized grain size ranging from 86-225 µm. The application of three calibrated piezometers results in differential stress estimates between ~11 and ~29 MPa. Published wet-quartzite dislocation creep flow laws combined with deformation temperature, water fugacity, and differential stress estimates infer strain rates that range from 1.2 x 10⁻¹⁴ s⁻¹ to 2.3 x 10⁻¹² s⁻¹. In order to analyze 3D subsurface fault geometry along map-pattern curves (salients and recesses), a structure contour map of the Moine thrust, extending from the North Coast southwards to the Dundonnel area, was constructed from 1:50,000 scale British Geological Survey (BGS) maps by correlating between elevation control points constrained by the intersection of the fault trace with topographic contours. The structure contour map indicates significant lateral variation in fault geometry along the Moine thrust, with recesses associated with antiformal corrugations in the subsurface and salients characterized by planar geometries or broad synformal corrugations. Additionally, structure contour maps constructed on the Glencoul thrust, as depicted by original BGS maps confirms that the thrust segments to the NE and SW of Loch Glencoul are part of the same structure, rather than different structures separated by a lateral ramp as shown on more recent BGS maps.
Master of Science
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Leach, Jason A. "Stream temperature dynamics following riparian wildfire : effects of stream-subsurface interactions and standing dead trees." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/1411.

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The primary objectives of this study were to address how stream temperature is influenced by (1) spatial variability in energy exchanges, (2) reach-scale stream-subsurface water interactions and (3) the net radiation dynamics associated with standing dead riparian vegetation. Stream temperature, riparian microclimate, and hydrology were characterized for a 1.5 km reach of Fishtrap Creek, located north of Kamloops, British Columbia. Within-reach air temperature and humidity variability was small, while wind speed, net radiation and surface-subsurface interactions exhibited considerable spatially variability. The field data were used to drive a deterministic energy budget model to predict stream temperature. The model was evaluated against measured stream temperature and performed well. The model indicated that the spatially complex hydrology was a significant control on the observed stream temperature patterns. A modelling exercise using three canopy cover scenarios revealed that post-disturbance standing dead trees reduce daytime net radiation reaching the stream surface by one third compared to complete vegetation removal. However, standing dead trees doubled daytime net radiation reaching the stream compared to pre-wildfire conditions. The results of this study have highlighted the need to account for the spatial variability of energy exchange processes, specifically net radiation and surface-subsurface water interactions, when understanding and predicting stream thermal regimes.
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Horton, Nial. "Influence of a turbulent stream flow on the subsurface flow through a regular porous matrix." Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources, 2008. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=25938.

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Books on the topic "Subsurface stress"

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Hunchak-Kariouk, Kathryn. Relation of water quality to land use in the drainage basins of four tributaries to the Toms River, New Jersey, 1994-95. West Trenton, N.J: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1999.

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Kathryn, Hunchak-Kariouk. Relation of water quality to land use in the drainage basins of four tributaries to the Toms River, New Jersey, 1994-95. West Trenton, N.J: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1999.

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Foster, Stephen, and Radu Gogu. Groundwater Assessment and Management for sustainable water-supply and coordinated subsurface drainage. IWA Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/9781789063110.

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Abstract Groundwater beneath cities is important. Water utilities and private abstractors use is it as a secure source of water-supply and municipal authorities have to cope with it when planning sanitation and using underground space for building and transportation infrastructure, but all too often neither have a comprehensive understanding. This Guidebook aims to highlight what water utilities and municipal government can do to improve groundwater assessment, management and monitoring to avoid experiencing ‘nasty surprises’. Groundwater, especially from deeper aquifers, is a critical resource for enhancing urban water-supply security under climate-change stress. But to achieve its use sustainably will require adaptive promotion of resource management and protection, according to local circumstances. In recent times municipal governments are making much more use of urban subsurface space (especially down to 15-metres depth) for construction. Traditionally the drainage and stability of such structures were achieved by individual site investigation, but today a more coordinated approach is needed to managing shallow groundwater conditions. The Guidebook is divided into three complementary parts: Part A is intended for guidance of water-utility, together with water-resource agency and municipal sanitation department, staff working to improve urban water-supply resilience, with its inevitable requirement to get more involved in groundwater management. Part B is intended for guidance of municipal government authorities working to improve the design and execution of urban infrastructure to avoid potentially costly subsurface drainage issues, structural instability and groundwater flooding problems. Part C provides a series of case histories on urban groundwater management from around the world. ISBN: 9781789063103 EISBN: 9781789063110 ePub: 9781789063127
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Haley & Aldrich. Report on subsurface investigation and foundation design and construction recommendations, one Lincoln street development, Boston, Massachusetts. 1989.

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New England Mutual Life Insurance Company. Traffic, shadow, wind and subsurface studies for the reduced eastern component, 500 Boylston street, Boston, Massachusetts. 1987.

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D, Stuntebeck Todd, University of Wisconsin-Madison. Discovery Farm., University of Wisconsin--Platteville. Pioneer Farm., Geological Survey (U.S.), and USGS Wisconsin Water Science Center., eds. Methods of data collection, sample processing, and data analysis for edge-of-field, streamgaging, subsurface-tile, and meteorological stations at Discovery Farms and Pioneer Farm in Wisconsin, 2001-7. Reston, Va: U.S. Geological Survey, 2008.

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Delgado Martín, Jordi, Andrea Muñoz-Ibáñez, and Ismael Himar Falcón-Suárez. 6th International Workshop on Rock Physics: A Coruña, Spain 13 -17 June 2022: Book of Abstracts. 2022nd ed. Servizo de Publicacións da UDC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.17979/spudc.000005.

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[Abstract] The 6th International Workshop on Rock Physics (6IWRP) was held A Coruña, Spain, between 13th and 17th of June, 2022. This meeting follows the track of the five successful encounters held in Golden (USA, 2011), Southampton (UK, 2013), Perth (Australia, 2015), Trondheim (Norway, 2017) and Hong Kong (China, 2019). The aim of the workshop was to bring together experiences allowing to illustrate, discuss and exchange recent advances in the wide realm of rock physics, including theoretical developments, in situ and laboratory scale experiments as well as digital analysis. While rock physics is at the core of the oil & gas industry applications, it is also essential to enable the energy transition challenge (e.g. CO2 and H2 storage, geothermal), ensure a safe and adequate use of natural resources and develop efficient waste management strategies. The topics of 6IWRP covered a broad spectrum of rock physics-related research activities, including: • Experimental rock physics. New techniques, approaches and applications; Characterization of the static and dynamic properties of rocks and fluids; Multiphysics measurements (NMR, electrical resistivity…); Deep/crustal scale rock physics. • Modelling and multiscale applications: from the lab to the field. Numerical analysis and model development; Data science applications; Upscaling; Microseismicity and earthquakes; Subsurface stresses and tectonic deformations. • Coupled phenomena and rock properties: exploring interactions. Anisotropy; Flow and fractures; Temperature effects; Rock-fluid interaction; Fluid and pressure effects on geophysical signatures. • The energy transition challenge. Applications to energy storage (hydrogen storage in porous media), geothermal resources, energy production (gas hydrates), geological utilization and storage of CO2, nuclear waste disposal. • Rock physics templates: advances and applications. Quantitative assessment; Applications to reser voir characterization (role of seismic wave anisotropy and fracture networks). • Advanced rock physics tools. Machine learning; application of imaging (X-ray CT, X-ray μCT, FIB-SEM…) to obtain rock proper ties. This book compiles more than 50 abstracts, summarizing the works presented in the 6IWRP by rock physicists from all over the world, belonging to both academia and industry. This book means an updated overview of the rock physics research worldwide.
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Book chapters on the topic "Subsurface stress"

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Feng, Xi Qiao, and M. Xu. "Solutions of Stress Intensity Factors of Subsurface Cracks." In Fracture of Materials: Moving Forwards, 83–88. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-994-6.83.

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Wang, Chi-Yuen, and Michael Manga. "Earthquakes Influenced by Water." In Lecture Notes in Earth System Sciences, 61–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64308-9_4.

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AbstractInjecting fluids in the crust, or their extraction, changes pore pressure and poroelastic stresses. Both pressure and stress changes can promote seismicity and, hence, the seismic events are called induced earthquakes. The filling of reservoirs on Earth’s surface can also induce earthquakes from some combination of surface loading and pore pressure changes. Attribution of any given earthquake to human activities, however, is not always straightforward. There remains debate about what controls the magnitude of induced earthquakes, the relative importance of pore pressure changes and poroelastic stresses, and how to best manage injection and extraction to minimize seismicity. As the scale and distribution of subsurface engineering expand globally, we should expect more and larger induced earthquakes in the future.
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Ballard, P., and A. Constantinescu. "On the Inversion of Subsurface Residual Stresses from Surface Stress Measurements." In Solid Mechanics and Its Applications, 285–92. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4738-5_34.

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Hays, Dirk B., Ilse Barrios-Perez, and Fatima Camarillo-Castillo. "Heat and Climate Change Mitigation." In Wheat Improvement, 397–415. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90673-3_22.

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AbstractHigh temperature stress is a primary constraint to maximal yield in wheat, as in nearly all cultivated crops. High temperature stress occurs in varied ecoregions where wheat is cultivated, as either a daily chronic metabolic stress or as an acute episodic high heat shock during critical periods of reproductive development. This chapter focuses on defining the key biochemical processes regulating a plant’s response to heat stress while highlighting and defining strategies to mitigate stress and stabilize maximal yield during high temperature conditions. It will weigh the advantages and disadvantages of heat stress adaptive trait breeding strategies versus simpler integrated phenotypic selection strategies. Novel remote sensing and marker-assisted selection strategies that can be employed to combine multiple heat stress tolerant adaptive traits will be discussed in terms of their efficacy. In addition, this chapter will explore how wheat can be re-envisioned, not only as a staple food, but also as a critical opportunity to reverse climate change through unique subsurface roots and rhizomes that greatly increase wheat’s carbon sequestration.
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Tsai, Chwan-Huei, and Chien-Ching Ma. "The Transient Analysis of a Subsurface Inclined Crack Subjected to Stress Wave Loading." In Dynamic Failure of Materials, 273–82. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3652-5_19.

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Nelson, R. A. "A Discussion of the Approximation of Subsurface (Burial( Stress Conditions in Laboratory Experiments." In Mechanical Behavior of Crustal Rocks, 311–21. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm024p0311.

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Yu, Hai Yang, Zhen Sun, Hua Zhao, and Min Hao Zhu. "Stress Analysis of Bonded-Interface Technique on Subsurface Damage Observations of Brittle Porcelains." In Key Engineering Materials, 864–67. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-456-1.864.

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Naqi, Mohammad, and Aimen Amer. "Structures and Tectonics of Kuwait." In The Geology of Kuwait, 99–115. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16727-0_5.

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AbstractDespite the surface geology of Kuwait appears to be scarce and most of the country is covered with Quaternary deposits except for a few outcrops of Oligo-Miocene to Pleistocene age, the subsurface geology of Kuwait is quite unique and astonishing. The discovery of hydrocarbon in Kuwait at the beginning of the last century helped geologists to better understand the structural geology of Kuwait especially by utilizing geophysical methods such as potential field methods (e.g., gravity and magnetic) and seismic reflection. Being part of the Arabian Peninsula, the structural geology of Kuwait shares many of the Arabian Peninsula structural trends. The dominant N-S trending structures of the Arabian Plate are manifested in the Kuwait Arch which is one of the major structures of the country where many of the oil and gas oil fields are associated with. Other dominant structural trends of the Arabian Plate such as NE-SW and NW–SE are resembled in Kuwait as Jal Az-Zor and Dibdibah Trough, respectively. Paleo- and in-situ stress analysis is an important subject for oil and gas exploration, and many studies have been commissioned to better understand them in most of the Kuwaiti fields. The present-day in-situ stress in Kuwait is oriented NE-SW resembling the current tectonic setting of the region due to the collision of the Arabian Plate with the Eurasia Plate since the Oligocene. This chapter will present a thorough review of the previous studies discussing the surface and subsurface structural geology of Kuwait.
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Genzel, Christoph, Ingwer A. Denks, and Manuela Klaus. "The Materials Science Beamline EDDI for Energy-Dispersive Analysis of Subsurface Residual Stress Gradients." In Materials Science Forum, 193–98. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-414-6.193.

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Keitel, Michael, Berend Denkena, and Alexander Krödel-Worbes. "Grinding Strategies for Local and Stress Orientated Subsurface Modification of Sheet-Bulk Metal Forming Tools." In Lecture Notes in Production Engineering, 286–306. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61902-2_13.

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Conference papers on the topic "Subsurface stress"

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Thompson, Nicholas, Jamie Stuart Andrews, Håvard Reitan, and Nuno Eládio Teixeira Rodrigues. "Data Mining of In-Situ Stress Database Towards Development of Regional and Global Stress Trends and Pore Pressure Relationships." In SPE Norway Subsurface Conference. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/209525-ms.

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Abstract The in-situ stress, and in particular the minimum principal stress, is a major controlling parameter for many subsurface engineering issues, such as safe injection and injection pressure limitation, wellbore stability, fractured injection and stimulation, and completions optimization. In addition to these more ‘traditional’ field development decisions, in-situ stress has direct influence on the rapidly growing CCS industry, where storage volumes of CO2 are highly dependent on the initial minimum effective stress margins available in the sealing caprock(among other factors). In this work we investigate a unique in-house stress database, obtained through decades of dedicated stress testing, to better understand and quantify the relationship of in-situ stress versus depth and its relation to pore pressure. Focus is primarily on the Norwegian Continental Shelf but global results from additional passive continental margin areas are also incorporated and compared. We find that, almost regardless of the geographic area, when hydrostatic pore pressure conditionsapply, relatively simple linear relationships exist of stress versus depth and that the assumption of normally-stressed/relaxed stress regimes can be applied with a good degree of certainty. Further, where overpressure conditions are present, relationships dependent on the degree of overpressure are defined, both regionally and globally. The resulting overpressure relationship is found todiffer fromthose commonlyaccepted andused throughout industry, e.g. Breckels and van Eekelen 1982. Finally, the resulting stress trends versus depth are investigated to better identify the potential presence of high stress environments such as deeper strike-slip to reverse faulting regimes that can complicate field development decisions. While of interest to the hydrocarbon industry in general, the results of this work are highly valuable to under-explored areas where in-situ stress data is not yet available, e.g. saline aquifer prospects targeted for eventual CCS development.
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Martini, A., S. B. Liu, B. Escoffier, and Q. Wang. "Relating Surface Roughness to Subsurface Stress." In World Tribology Congress III. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/wtc2005-63090.

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Understanding and anticipating the effects of surface roughness on subsurface stress in the design phase can help ensure that performance and life requirements are satisfied. The specific approach taken in this work to address the goal of improved surface design is to relate surface characteristics of real, machined surfaces to subsurface stress fields for dry contact. This was done by digitizing machined surfaces, simulating point contact numerically, calculating the corresponding subsurface stress field, and then relating stress results back to the surface. The relationship between surface characteristics and subsurface stress is evaluated using several different approaches including analyses of trends identified through stress field visualization and extraction of statistical data. One such approach revealed a sharp transition between cases in which surface characteristics dominated the stress field and those in which bulk, or global contact effects dominated the stress. This transition point was found to be a function of the contact operating conditions, material properties, and most interestingly, the roughness of the surface.
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S. Suzuki, K. "Subsurface Stress Estimation on Fault Sealing Model." In First EAGE International Conference on Fault and Top Seals - What do we know and where do we go? European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201405830.

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Randi, Joseph A., William J. Everson, Aric Shorey, Shai N. Shafrir, Chunlin Miao, and Stephen D. Jacobs. "Stress and Subsurface Damage in Polycrystalline SiC." In Optical Fabrication and Testing. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oft.2008.othc5.

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Hasegawa, Kunio, Pierre Dulieu, and Valery Lacroix. "Stress Intensity Factor Interaction of Subsurface Flaws Under Notches." In ASME 2017 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2017-65670.

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If a single subsurface flaw is detected that is close to the component free surface, a flaw-to-surface proximity rule is used to determine whether the flaw should be treated as a subsurface flaw, or transformed to a surface flaw. The transformation from subsurface to surface flaw is adopted as flaw-to-surface proximity rules in all fitness-for-service (FFS) codes. These proximity rules are used under the condition of the component free surface without stress concentration. On the other hand, subsurface flaws have been found under the notches, such as roots of bolts, toes in welded joints or geometrical discontinuities of components. The stress intensity factors of the subsurface flaws are affected by the stress concentrations caused by the notches. The interaction of stress intensity factor increases with increasing stress concentration factor and decreasing the ligament distance between the tips of the subsurface flaws and the notches for a given notch width. Such subsurface flaws shall be transformed to surface flaws at far distance of the notch tips for conservative evaluations. This paper shows the interactions of stress intensity factors of subsurface flaws under stress concentration fields. Based on the interaction, a flaw-to-surface proximity criterion for a circular flaw is proposed under the stress concentration field induced by a notch.
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Arakere, Nagaraj K., Erik C. Knudsen, Gregory R. Swanson, Gregory Duke, and Gilda Ham-Battista. "Subsurface Stress Fields in FCC Single Crystal Anisotropic Contacts." In ASME Turbo Expo 2004: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2004-53913.

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Single crystal superalloy turbine blades used in high pressure turbomachinery are subject to conditions of high temperature, triaxial steady and alternating stresses, fretting stresses in the blade attachment and damper contact locations, and exposure to high-pressure hydrogen. The blades are also subjected to extreme variations in temperature during start-up and shutdown transients. The most prevalent high cycle fatigue (HCF) failure modes observed in these blades during operation include crystallographic crack initiation/propagation on octahedral planes, and noncrystallographic initiation with crystallographic growth. Numerous cases of crack initiation and crack propagation at the blade leading edge tip, blade attachment regions, and damper contact locations have been documented. Understanding crack initiation/propagation under mixed-mode loading conditions is critical for establishing a systematic procedure for evaluating HCF life of single crystal turbine blades. This paper presents analytical and numerical techniques for evaluating two and three dimensional subsurface stress fields in anisotropic contacts. The subsurface stress results are required for evaluating contact fatigue life at damper contacts and dovetail attachment regions in single crystal nickel-base superalloy turbine blades. An analytical procedure is presented for evaluating the subsurface stresses in the elastic half-space, based on the adaptation of a stress function method outlined by Lekhnitskii [1]. Numerical results are presented for cylindrical and spherical anisotropic contacts, using finite element analysis (FEA). Effects of crystal orientation on stress response and fatigue life are examined. Obtaining accurate subsurface stress results for anisotropic single crystal contact problems require extremely refined three-dimensional (3-D) finite element grids, especially in the edge of contact region. Obtaining resolved shear stresses (RSS) on the principal slip planes also involves considerable post-processing work. For these reasons it is very advantageous to develop analytical solution schemes for subsurface stresses, whenever possible.
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Lu, Kai, Jinya Katsuyama, Yinsheng Li, and Fuminori Iwamatsu. "Stress Intensity Factor Solutions for Subsurface Flaws in Plates Subjected to Polynomial Stress Distributions." In ASME 2016 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2016-63479.

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Stress intensity factor (SIF) solutions for subsurface flaws near the free surface in plates were numerically investigated based on the finite element analyses. The flaws with aspect ratios a/ℓ = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5, the normalized ratios a/d = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 and d/t = 0.01 and 0.1 were taken into account, where a is the half flaw depth, ℓ is the flaw length, d is the distance from the center of the subsurface flaw to the nearest free surface and t is the wall thickness. Fourth-order polynomial stress distributions in the thickness direction were considered. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the numerical SIF solutions obtained in this study are useful in engineering applications.
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Okamoto, K., H. Mikada, T. Goto, and J. Takekawa. "Temporal Variation in Subsurface Stress Estimated from Seismic Scattering." In 76th EAGE Conference and Exhibition 2014. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20140716.

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Kristiansen, Tron Golder, Andreas Bauer, Assia Guida, and Claudia Bonin. "A Troublesome Well Section: The Rock Mechanics Analysis." In SPE Norway Subsurface Conference. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/209546-ms.

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Abstract Wellbore stability analysis has become a standard activity in well planning in our industry. Pragmatic methodologies have been developed that makes the wellbore stability analysis accurate with few input variables and simplistic models. This approach requires careful calibration of models to offset well data (both drilling data and log data). The typical sequence in field developments is that one often starts out with the low-risk wells first, typically the wells with low wellbore inclination (in a normal faulting stress regime as typically found on the Norwegian Continental Shelf (NCS)). Then as the field matures one typically starts to drill more complex wells with higher and higher inclination and longer and longer hole sections. In these high angle wells the mud weight requirement to provide a stable hole increase. This again results in a narrower safe operational mud pressure window between the collapse pressure of the well and the fracture gradient and the minimum horizontal stress. In addition to the narrower safe operational mud pressure window in the high angle wells, the hole cleaning, the transport of drill cuttings, becomes more challenging. In addition, in high angle wellbores one reduces the attack angle between the shale bedding and the wellbore axis and therefore one may have to take this effect into account, which will require more advanced wellbore stability calculations with more input data. In addition, in high angle wells gravity will be more effective on liberating in-situ fractured material into the wellbore. In this paper we investigate a well section which resulted in severe unexpected drilling challenges as the well tested higher inclinations in the field than tested before. This paper does only address the rock mechanical analysis of the data in a larger cross-functional root cause analysis. In this case we selected to go for a more conservative approach using a weak plane model, although the root cause of the problems does not seem to be rock mechanics related.
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Sadasivam, Balaji, Alpay Hizal, and Dwayne Arola. "Abrasive Waterjet Peening With Elastic Prestress: Subsurface Residual Stress Distribution." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-43473.

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Recent advances in abrasive waterjet (AWJ) technology have resulted in new processes for surface treatment that are capable of introducing compressive residual stresses with simultaneous changes in the surface texture. While the surface residual stress resulting from AWJ peening has been examined, the subsurface residual stress field resulting from this process has not been evaluated. In the present investigation, the subsurface residual stress distribution resulting from AWJ peening of Ti6Al4V and ASTM A228 steel were studied. Treatments were conducted with the targets subjected to an elastic prestress ranging from 0 to 75% of the substrate yield strength. The surface residual stress ranged from 680 to 1487 MPa for Ti6Al4V and 720 to 1554 MPa for ASTM A228 steel; the depth ranged from 265 to 370 μm for Ti6Al4V and 550 to 680 μm for ASTM A228 steel. Results showed that elastic prestress may be used to increase the surface residual stress in AWJ peened components by up to 100%.
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Reports on the topic "Subsurface stress"

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Chesbro, W. Stress responses of subsurface bacteria. Final report, June 1, 1995--February 1, 1998. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/631202.

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Kelley, Mark, Odd Andersen, and Valerie Smith. TASK 5 REPORT FIELD SCALE STRESS MODELING: A Non-Invasive Approach for Elucidating the Spatial Distribution of In Situ Stress in Deep Subsurface Geologic Formations Considered for CO2 Storage. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1890654.

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Bunger, Andrew, Mark Kelley, and Delal Gunaydin. TASK 3 REPORT LABORATORY CHARACTERIZATION OF STRESS DEPENDENT WAVESPEED: A Non-Invasive Approach for Elucidating the Spatial Distribution of In-Situ Stress in Deep Subsurface Geologic Formations Considered for CO2 Storage. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1890651.

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Kelley, Mark, Bob Hardage, Valerie Smith, Allen Modroo, and Richard Dok. TASK 2 REPORT EXTRACTING STRESS DATA FROM SEISMIC DATA: A Non-Invasive Approach for Elucidating the Spatial Distribution of In Situ Stress in Deep Subsurface Geologic Formations Considered for CO2 Storage. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1890650.

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Smets, B. F. Horizontal gene transfer as adaptive response to heavy metal stress in subsurface microbial communities. Final report for period October 15, 1997 - October 15, 2000. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/799245.

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Kelley, Mark. TASK 4 (FIELD TESTING) REPORT. A Non-Invasive Approach for Elucidating the Spatial Distribution of in-situ Stress in Deep Subsurface Geologic Formations Considered for CO2 Storage. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1890653.

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Kelley, Mark, Bob Hardage, Andrew Bunger, and Odd Andersen. FINAL REPORT: A Non-Invasive Approach for Elucidating the Spatial Distribution of In-Situ Stress in Deep Subsurface Geologic Formations Considered for CO<sub>2</sub> Storage. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1836647.

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Bunte, Kristin, and Steven R. Abt. Sampling surface and subsurface particle-size distributions in wadable gravel-and cobble-bed streams for analyses in sediment transport, hydraulics, and streambed monitoring. Ft. Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/rmrs-gtr-74.

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