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Journal articles on the topic 'Subsurface flow'

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Subsurface flow.

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 March 2023

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1

Kamble, Pavan S., and Trupti Dalvi. "Wastewater Treatment using Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-2, Issue-1 (December 31, 2017): 480–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd6988.

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2

Dong, Linyao, Congsheng Fu, Jigen Liu, and Yifeng Wang. "Disturbances of Temperature-Depth Profiles by Surface Warming and Groundwater Flow Convection in Kumamoto Plain, Japan." Geofluids 2018 (September 19, 2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8451276.

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Subsurface temperatures depend on climate and groundwater flow. A lack of observations of subsurface temperature collected over decades limits interpretation of the combined influences of surface warming and groundwater flow on subsurface thermal regimes. Subsurface temperature-depth profile data acquired for Kumamoto Plain, Japan, between 1987 and 2012 were collected and analyzed to elucidate regional groundwater and heat flows. The observed and simulated temperature-depth profiles showed the following: subsurface water flows from northeast to southwest in the study area; the combined influence of surface warming and water flow perturbation produces different temporal changes in thermal profiles in recharge, intermediate, and discharge areas; and aquifer thermal properties contribute more than hydraulic parameters to the perturbation of temperature-depth profiles. Spatial and temporal evolution features of subsurface thermal regimes may be utilized to investigate the influence of surface warming events on subsurface water and heat flows at the basin scale.

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3

Back, Stefan, Sebastian Amberg, Victoria Sachse, and Ralf Littke. "Reconstructing 3D subsurface salt flow." Solid Earth 13, no. 6 (June 22, 2022): 1027–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1027-2022.

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Abstract. Archimedes' principle states that the upward buoyant force exerted on a solid immersed in a fluid is equal to the weight of the fluid that the solid displaces. In this 3D salt-reconstruction study we treat Zechstein evaporites in the Netherlands as a pseudo-fluid with a density of 2.2 g cm−3, overlain by a lighter and solid overburden. Three-dimensional sequential removal (backstripping) of a differential sediment load above the Zechstein evaporites is used to incrementally restore the top Zechstein surface. Assumption of a constant subsurface evaporite volume enables the stepwise reconstruction of base Zechstein and the approximation of 3D salt-thickness change and lateral salt redistribution over time. The salt restoration presented is sensitive to any overburden thickness change caused by tectonics, basin tilt, erosion or sedimentary process. Sequential analysis of lateral subsurface salt loss and gain through time based on Zechstein isopach difference maps provides new basin-scale insights into 3D subsurface salt flow and redistribution, supra-salt depocentre development, the rise and fall of salt structures, and external forces' impact on subsurface salt movement. The 3D reconstruction procedure is radically different from classic backstripping in limiting palinspastic restoration to the salt overburden, followed by volume-constant balancing of the salt substratum. The unloading approach can serve as a template for analysing other salt basins worldwide and provides a stepping stone to physically sound fluid-dynamic models of salt tectonic provinces.

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4

Schörghofer, Norbert. "Subsurface air flow on Mars." Nature Physics 10, no. 1 (December 1, 2013): 14–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nphys2841.

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5

Y. Yuan, R. L. Bingner, and F. D. Theurer. "SUBSURFACE FLOW COMPONENT FOR ANNAGNPS." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 22, no. 2 (2006): 231–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.20284.

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6

Zhang, Weijia, Ben Zhao, and Xinyu Lou. "Moon’s subsurface heat flow mapping." Acta Geophysica 68, no. 2 (February 10, 2020): 577–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11600-019-00397-w.

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7

Hussein, M. I., S. Biringen, O. R. Bilal, and A. Kucala. "Flow stabilization by subsurface phonons." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 471, no. 2177 (May 2015): 20140928. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2014.0928.

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The interaction between a fluid and a solid surface in relative motion represents a dynamical process that is central to the problem of laminar-to-turbulent transition (and consequent drag increase) for air, sea and land vehicles, as well as long-range pipelines. This problem may in principle be alleviated via a control stimulus designed to impede the generation and growth of instabilities inherent in the flow. Here, we show that phonon motion underneath a surface may be tuned to passively generate a spatio-temporal elastic deformation profile at the surface that counters these instabilities. We theoretically demonstrate this phenomenon and the underlying mechanism of frequency-dependent destructive interference of the unstable flow waves. The converse process of flow destabilization is illustrated as well. This approach provides a condensed-matter physics treatment to fluid–structure interaction and a new paradigm for flow control.

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8

Šanda, Martin, and Milena Císlerová. "Transforming Hydrographs in the Hillslope Subsurface." Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics 57, no. 4 (December 1, 2009): 264–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10098-009-0023-z.

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Transforming Hydrographs in the Hillslope SubsurfaceTo reveal and evaluate the mechanism of transforming rainfall into runoff in the region, where the subsurface flow plays a dominant role in the runoff formation, a continuous hydrological and climatic data monitoring has been set-up in the experimental catchment Uhlířská (the Jizera Mountains, CR). The soil profile (Dystric Cambisol), formed on the weathered granite bedrock, is shallow and highly heterogeneous. Beside a standard catchment data observation a hillslope transect was instrumented to control the flow dynamics in the soil profile. From three soil horizons, the subsurface outflow is recorded in the subsurface trench. Adjacent to the trench the soil water suction is scanned by triplets of automatic tensiometers. Within the soil profile the unsaturated regime prevails, nevertheless the soil keeps almost saturated. Nearly simultaneous reaction of suction on a rainfall in all soil horizons implies a rapid vertical flow. Local preferential flow paths are conducting infiltrating water at significantly variable rates when saturation is reached. Groundwater table, soil moisture and subsurface runoff measured at the hillslope transect and the total outflow from the catchment, are correlated. The outflow from the catchment is dominantly controlled by soil moisture however the mechanism of its generation is not yet fully understood.

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9

Hardie, Marcus A., Richard B. Doyle, William E. Cotching, and Shaun Lisson. "Subsurface Lateral Flow in Texture-Contrast (Duplex) Soils and Catchments with Shallow Bedrock." Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/861358.

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Development-perched watertables and subsurface lateral flows in texture-contrast soils (duplex) are commonly believed to occur as a consequence of the hydraulic discontinuity between the A and B soil horizons. However, in catchments containing shallow bedrock, subsurface lateral flows result from a combination of preferential flow from the soil surface to the soil—bedrock interface, undulations in the bedrock topography, lateral flow through macropore networks at the soil—bedrock interface, and the influence of antecedent soil moisture on macropore connectivity. Review of literature indicates that some of these processes may also be involved in the development of subsurface lateral flow in texture contrast soils. However, the extent to which these mechanisms can be applied to texture contrast soils requires further field studies. Improved process understanding is required for modelling subsurface lateral flows in order to improve the management of waterlogging, drainage, salinity, and offsite agrochemicals movement.

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10

Jain, Kiran, Rudolf Komm, Irene González Hernández, Sushant C. Tripathy, and Frank Hill. "Subsurface flows associated with rotating sunspots." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 6, S273 (August 2010): 356–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921311015547.

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AbstractIn this paper, we compare components of the horizontal flow below the solar surface in and around regions consisting of rotating and non-rotating sunspots. Our analysis suggests that there is a significant variation in both components of the horizontal flow at the beginning of sunspot rotation as compared to the non-rotating sunspot. The flows in surrounding areas are in most cases relatively small. However, there is a significant influence of the motion on flows in an area closest to the sunspot rotation.

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11

Huang, Maoyi, Xu Liang, and L. Ruby Leung. "A Generalized Subsurface Flow Parameterization Considering Subgrid Spatial Variability of Recharge and Topography." Journal of Hydrometeorology 9, no. 6 (December 1, 2008): 1151–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jhm936.1.

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Abstract Subsurface flow is an important hydrologic process and a key component of the water budget. Through its direct impacts on soil moisture, it can affect water and energy fluxes at the land surface and influence the regional climate and water cycle. In this study, a new subsurface flow formulation is developed that incorporates the spatial variability of both topography and recharge. It is shown through theoretical derivation and case studies that the power-law and exponential subsurface flow parameterizations and the parameterization proposed by Woods et al. are all special cases of the new formulation. The subsurface flows calculated using the new formulation compare well with values derived from observations at Tulpehocken Creek, Pennsylvania, and Walnut Creek, Iowa. Sensitivity studies show that when the spatial variability of topography or recharge, or both is increased, the subsurface flows increase at the two aforementioned sites and at the Maimai hillslope, New Zealand. This is likely due to enhancement of interactions between the groundwater table and the land surface that reduce the flow path. An important conclusion of this study is that the spatial variability of recharge alone, and/or in combination with the spatial variability of topography can substantially alter the behaviors of subsurface flows. This suggests that in macroscale hydrologic models or land surface models, subgrid variations of recharge and topography can make significant contributions to the grid mean subsurface flow and must be accounted for in regions with large surface heterogeneity. This is particularly true for regions with humid climate and a relatively shallow groundwater table where the combined impacts of spatial variability of recharge and topography are shown to be more important. For regions with an arid climate and a relatively deep groundwater table, simpler formulations, for example, the power law, for subsurface flow can work well, and the impacts of subgrid variations of recharge and topography may be ignored.

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12

Lebedev, Yu V., K. V. Kokarev, A. V. Gorbunov, and L. N. Oleynikova. "Subsurface management model: interdisciplinary approach in conditions of contemporary challenges, risks and uncertainties." E3S Web of Conferences 177 (2020): 05016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017705016.

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Difficult environmental, economic, social and political conditions require an in-depth analysis of interdisciplinary relationships at industrial areas. The “Subsurface Management System” is a complex of developed subsoil resource fields characterized by geological, geomechanical and aerogasdynamic processes, and industries linked with each other through flows of energy, matter and information, integrated with civil society and environment. The flow of biogenic elements in subsurface management areas tend to increase the physical flows exporting the elements of biological product flow to the global ocean. The flows of energy in subsurface management areas in form of clean primary production of bioenvironment are changing fundamentally towards expansion of anthropogenic (man-made) factor channel by 8-12%. The flows of environmental information in subsurface management areas contain details about compliance of the environmental conditions with biological regelation. The introduced original term “subsurface management system” accounts for distribution of flows of energy, matter and information between the system components, enabling objective analysis of effective performance of the system and its compliance with sustainable development strategy of industrial areas.

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13

Wang, Quan, Zhi Xin Song, and Shao Yuan Bai. "The Flow Field Distribution of Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands." Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (October 2013): 472–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.472.

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this paper reviewed the progress of flow field distribution in subsurface flow constructed wetlands (SSF), generalized the theoretical basis for numerical simulation of flow field distribution and the application of computer software in subsurface flow constructed wetlands. At the same time, analysed the relationship of flow field distribution with the bed body of aspect ratio, substrate thickness, material properties of matrix and the way of filling, found that the appropriate aspect ratio, substrate thickness and scientific way of filling could improve the flow field distribution, which was an effective way to improve the utilization rate of substrate. In addition, summarized the plant roots system and microbe growth effect on the flow field distribution. Therefore, the flow field distribution was directly effected of utilization ratio of matrix material, and living environmental condition of microbe, thus the flow field distribution as a parameter for design would be a kind of scientific method. Finally, proposed the corresponding research methods, and discussed how to improve the flow field distribution uniform, for improving the design level of subsurface flow constructed wetlands.

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14

Otieno, Austine Owuor, George Njomo Karuku, James Messo Raude, and Oscar Koech. "Effectiveness of the Horizontal, Vertical and Hybrid Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland Systems in Polishing Municipal Wastewater." Environmental Management and Sustainable Development 6, no. 2 (July 3, 2017): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/emsd.v6i2.11486.

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This study aimed at comparing the performance of horizontal, vertical and hybrid subsurface flow system in polishing wastewater effluent from the maturation pond at Gusii wastewater treatment plant, Kenya. The treatments were monitored for six weeks duration for chemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids, total nitrogen and total phosphorous against Kenya’s National Environmental Management Authority standards for effluent discharge. Among the systems planted with Vetiver grass, the hybrid subsurface flow system significantly removed the pollutants more efficiently than the single operated systems. The Vetiver planted hybrid subsurface flow wetland systems achieved the highest removal of COD, TN, TP and TSS at 82.4, 87.9, 65 and 94.6%, respectively as compared to other wetland systems. The planted vertical subsurface flow removed COD, TN and TP at 72.9, 75.7, and 50.7%, respectively more efficiently than the horizontal subsurface flow system that achieved removal of COD, TN and TP at 65.3, 70.0 and 43.8%, respectively. The planted horizontal subsurface flow wetland however showed better TSS removal at 89.9% compared to 83.2% achieved by vertical subsurface flow system. The unplanted systems exhibited a similar trend whereby the hybrid subsurface flow systems achieved better performance than the single systems though with significantly (P≤0.05) lower organics and nutrients removal efficiencies compared to the planted systems.

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15

Reed, Sherwood C., and Donald Brown. "Subsurface flow wetlands-A performance evaluation." Water Environment Research 67, no. 2 (March 1995): 244–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143095x131420.

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16

Jansen, Jan-Dirk. "MODEL-BASED CONTROL OF SUBSURFACE FLOW." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 40, no. 5 (2007): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20070606-3-mx-2915.00055.

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17

PARLANGE, M. B., T. S. STEENHUIOS, D. J. TIMLIN, F. STAGNITTI, and R. B. BRYANT. "SUBSURFACE FLOW ABOVE A FRAGIPAN HORIZON." Soil Science 148, no. 2 (August 1989): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00010694-198908000-00001.

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18

Smith, Braunen, Arshad Kudrolli, Alexander E. Lobkovsky, and Daniel H. Rothman. "Channel erosion due to subsurface flow." Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science 18, no. 4 (December 2008): 041105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2997333.

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19

Bethke, Craig M. "Modeling subsurface flow in sedimentary basins." Geologische Rundschau 78, no. 1 (July 1989): 129–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01988357.

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20

Daughtry, C. S. T., T. J. Gish, W. P. Dulaney, C. L. Walthall, K. J. S. Kung, G. W. McCarty, J. T. Angier, and P. Buss. "Surface and Subsurface Nitrate Flow Pathways on a Watershed Scale." Scientific World JOURNAL 1 (2001): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2001.336.

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Determining the interaction and impact of surface runoff and subsurface flow processes on the environment has been hindered by our inability to characterize subsurface soil structures on a watershed scale. Ground penetrating radar (GPR) data were collected and evaluated in determining subsurface hydrology at four small watersheds in Beltsville, MD. The watersheds have similar textures, organic matter contents, and yield distributions. Although the surface slope was greater on one of the watersheds, slope alone could not explain why it also had a nitrate runoff flux that was 18 times greater than the other three watersheds. Only with knowledge of the subsurface hydrology could the surface runoff differences be explained. The subsurface hydrology was developed by combining GPR and surface topography in a geographic information system. Discrete subsurface flow pathways were identified and confirmed with color infrared imagery, real-time soil moisture monitoring, and yield monitoring. The discrete subsurface flow patterns were also useful in understanding observed nitrate levels entering the riparian wetland and first order stream. This study demonstrated the impact that subsurface stratigraphy can have on water and nitrate (NO3-N) fluxes exiting agricultural lands, even when soil properties, yield distributions, and climate are similar. Reliable protocols for measuring subsurface fluxes of water and chemicals need to be developed.

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21

Sidauruk, Paston, E. Ristin Pujiindiyati, and Satrio Satrio. "Subsurface Flow and Surface Water Interactions Quantification in Gunung Kidul Karst Area Using Hydro- Chemical and Stable Isotopes Data Variations." Jurnal Ilmiah Aplikasi Isotop dan Radiasi 11, no. 1 (May 27, 2016): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17146/jair.2015.11.1.2700.

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Subsurface flow is one of the available water sources in the Karsts area such as in GunungKidul. The study of the pattern of the variations of stable isotopes content as a function oftime and its interaction with other water sources such as rain waters, groundwater, riverwater will be a very good tool to assess the potential of the subsurface flow as a water source.For this purpose, the variations of stable isotopes content of subsurface flow around GunungKidul Karsts area and its interactions with other local water sources have been studied for thelast two years. From the comparison of stable isotopes variations pattern of the subsurfaceflow with monthly rain water, the interaction of the subsurface flow with other water sourcesin the area has been quantified. Based on hydro-chemical data, it was found that the rechargearea of subsurface flow were relatively further than other samples and it was also found thatSeropan and Bribin subsurface flow systems originate from different geologic structures.Based on stable isotopes relative contents, it was found Ngobaran and Baron Caves have beenmixed with domestic sewerage water or other surface water.Keywords : Karsts area, stable isotopes, subsurface flow

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22

Kuffour, Benjamin N. O., Nicholas B. Engdahl, Carol S. Woodward, Laura E. Condon, Stefan Kollet, and Reed M. Maxwell. "Simulating coupled surface–subsurface flows with ParFlow v3.5.0: capabilities, applications, and ongoing development of an open-source, massively parallel, integrated hydrologic model." Geoscientific Model Development 13, no. 3 (March 23, 2020): 1373–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-1373-2020.

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Abstract. Surface flow and subsurface flow constitute a naturally linked hydrologic continuum that has not traditionally been simulated in an integrated fashion. Recognizing the interactions between these systems has encouraged the development of integrated hydrologic models (IHMs) capable of treating surface and subsurface systems as a single integrated resource. IHMs are dynamically evolving with improvements in technology, and the extent of their current capabilities are often only known to the developers and not general users. This article provides an overview of the core functionality, capability, applications, and ongoing development of one open-source IHM, ParFlow. ParFlow is a parallel, integrated, hydrologic model that simulates surface and subsurface flows. ParFlow solves the Richards equation for three-dimensional variably saturated groundwater flow and the two-dimensional kinematic wave approximation of the shallow water equations for overland flow. The model employs a conservative centered finite-difference scheme and a conservative finite-volume method for subsurface flow and transport, respectively. ParFlow uses multigrid-preconditioned Krylov and Newton–Krylov methods to solve the linear and nonlinear systems within each time step of the flow simulations. The code has demonstrated very efficient parallel solution capabilities. ParFlow has been coupled to geochemical reaction, land surface (e.g., the Common Land Model), and atmospheric models to study the interactions among the subsurface, land surface, and atmosphere systems across different spatial scales. This overview focuses on the current capabilities of the code, the core simulation engine, and the primary couplings of the subsurface model to other codes, taking a high-level perspective.

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23

Renzetti, Adrian V. E., Colin H. Taylor, and James M. Buttle. "Subsurface Flow in a Shallow Soil Canadian Shield Watershed." Hydrology Research 23, no. 4 (August 1, 1992): 209–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.1992.0015.

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Past studies in Canadian Shield headwater catchments have identified the importance of subsurface flow mechanisms in generating storm runoff. Recent work in the Muskoka-Haliburton region of south-central Ontario has suggested that subsurface flow within hillslopes with shallow soils occurs primarily along impermeable bedrock surfaces. Two trenches were dug on the side slope of a small headwater catchment and instrumented to measure flows at different levels in the soil. Results show that flow over the bedrock surface constitutes the largest component of hillslope discharge during fall rain storms. Peak discharge and recession rates for bedrock surface flow hydrographs were synchronous with channel discharge. Calculations show that this component of hillslope flow could account for the majority of peak discharge during storm events.

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24

N., Bustamante-Penagos, and Niño Y. "Flow–Sediment Turbulent Ejections: Interaction between Surface and Subsurface Flow in Gravel-Bed Contaminated by Fine Sediment." Water 12, no. 6 (June 3, 2020): 1589. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12061589.

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Several researchers have studied turbulent structures, such as ejections, sweeps, and outwards and inwards interactions in flumes, where the streamwise velocity dominates over vertical and transversal velocities. However, this research presents an experimental study in which there are ejections associated with the interchange between surface and subsurface water, where the vertical velocity dominates over the streamwise component. The experiment is related to a surface alluvial stream that is polluted with fine sediment, which is percolated into the bed. The subsurface flow is modified by a lower permeability associated with the fine sediment and emerges to the surface current. Quasi-steady ejections are produced that drag fine sediment into the surface flow. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) measured the velocity field before and after the ejection. The velocity data were analyzed by scatter plots, power spectra, and wavelet analysis of turbulent fluctuations, finding changes in the distribution of turbulence interactions with and without the presence of fine deposits. The flow sediment ejection changes the patterns of turbulent structures and the distribution of the turbulence interactions that have been reported in open channels without subsurface flows.

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25

Setiawan, Muhammad Ragil, Bilal Al Farishi, and Lea Kristi Agustin. "Analisis Aliran Air Bawah Permukaan Dengan Menggunakan Metode Geolistrik." JURNAL PENDIDIKAN TEKNOLOGI KEJURUAN 2, no. 4 (November 30, 2019): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/jptk.v2i4.6323.

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Cean water is needed in a human community. The need for clean water can be taken from subsurface water through a pumping process. Efforts to get clean water that has sustainability can be done by knowing the direction of the aquifer flow. The direction of the aquifer flow can be known through subsurface modeling. This study uses the geoelectric method in modeling the subsurface layer to determine the position of the aquifer. Based on the subsurface model, the average depth of an aquifer is between 30-100 meters. The subsurface model shows the type of aquifer depressed with a clay layer as the upper and lower limits of the aquifer. The subsurface water is estimated to have a flow direction from East to West in a confined aquifer.

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26

He, C., and L. J. Durlofsky. "Structured flow-based gridding and upscaling for modeling subsurface flow." Advances in Water Resources 29, no. 12 (December 2006): 1876–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2005.12.012.

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27

Green, M. B., P. Griffin, J. K. Seabridge, and D. Dhobie. "Removal of bacteria in subsurface flow wetlands." Water Science and Technology 35, no. 5 (March 1, 1997): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0176.

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Removal of E. coli and total coliforms in subsurface flow constructed wetlands is investigated in field surveys and pilot experiments. Both systems use reed beds with 5-10 mm gravel medium receiving secondary effluents. A diurnal pattern of numbers was indicated in the survey of an operational tertiary reed bed at Leek Wootton. Removals of E. coli and total coliforms were compared in dry and wet periods in surveys on two successive years. Removals of about 1.5 to 2.1 log were found in dry weather. Removals fell in wet weather although no change was detected in removal of BOD5, TSS and amm N. The effect of different flow rates was compared using a pilot reed bed. A trend of increasing removal was seen between retention times of 12, 24, 48 and 120 hrs but variation between samples implied caution. All effluent samples from the pilot had less than 1000 cfu E. coli/100 ml at retention times of 24 hrs or more.

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28

Koussis, Antonis D. "A linear conceptual subsurface storm flow model." Water Resources Research 28, no. 4 (April 1992): 1047–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/91wr03140.

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29

Desbarats, A. "Subsurface flow and transport: a stochastic approach." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 79, no. 28 (1998): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/98eo00256.

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30

Pagliara, Stefano, and Ilaria Lotti. "Surface and Subsurface Flow through Block Ramps." Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 135, no. 3 (June 2009): 366–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ir.1943-4774.0000070.

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31

Cothren, Gianna M., Shulin Chen, and John H. Pardue. "Investigation of Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland Designs." Public Works Management & Policy 7, no. 1 (July 2002): 32–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087724x02007001003.

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32

Singh, Vivekanand, and S. Murty Bhallamudi. "Conjunctive surface-subsurface modeling of overland flow." Advances in Water Resources 21, no. 7 (June 1998): 567–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0309-1708(97)00020-1.

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33

Chang, Haibin, Qinzhuo Liao, and Dongxiao Zhang. "Benchmark problems for subsurface flow uncertainty quantification." Journal of Hydrology 531 (December 2015): 168–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.09.040.

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34

Komm, R., R. Howe, I. González Hernández, and F. Hill. "Solar-Cycle Variation of Subsurface Zonal Flow." Solar Physics 289, no. 9 (February 19, 2014): 3435–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11207-014-0490-1.

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35

Braun, D. C., and Y. Fan. "Helioseismic Measurements of the Subsurface Meridional Flow." Astrophysical Journal 508, no. 1 (November 20, 1998): L105—L108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/311727.

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36

Forsyth, P. A., and M. C. Kropinski. "Monotonicity Considerations for Saturated--Unsaturated Subsurface Flow." SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing 18, no. 5 (September 1997): 1328–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/s1064827594265824.

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37

Gómez-Hernández, J. Jaime. "New Developments in Subsurface Flow and Transport." Mathematical Geosciences 44, no. 2 (January 26, 2012): 131–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11004-012-9390-9.

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38

Chang, Haibin, and Dongxiao Zhang. "Machine learning subsurface flow equations from data." Computational Geosciences 23, no. 5 (July 12, 2019): 895–910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10596-019-09847-2.

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39

Chazarenc, Florent, Gérard Merlin, and Yves Gonthier. "Hydrodynamics of horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands." Ecological Engineering 21, no. 2-3 (December 2003): 165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2003.12.001.

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Ranieri, Ezio, Paola Verlicchi, and Thomas M. Young. "Paracetamol removal in subsurface flow constructed wetlands." Journal of Hydrology 404, no. 3-4 (July 2011): 130–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.03.015.

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De Maet, T., F. Cornaton, and E. Hanert. "A scalable coupled surface–subsurface flow model." Computers & Fluids 116 (August 2015): 74–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compfluid.2015.03.028.

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Renard, Philippe, and Denis Allard. "Connectivity metrics for subsurface flow and transport." Advances in Water Resources 51 (January 2013): 168–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2011.12.001.

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Bray, E. N., and T. Dunne. "Subsurface flow in lowland river gravel bars." Water Resources Research 53, no. 9 (September 2017): 7773–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016wr019514.

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Zhu, Q., and H. S. Lin. "Simulation and validation of concentrated subsurface lateral flow paths in an agricultural landscape." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 13, no. 8 (August 20, 2009): 1503–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-13-1503-2009.

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Abstract. The importance of soil water flow paths to the transport of nutrients and contaminants has long been recognized. However, effective means of detecting concentrated subsurface flow paths in a large landscape are still lacking. The flow direction and accumulation algorithm based on single-direction flow algorithm (D8) in GIS hydrologic modeling is a cost-effective way to simulate potential concentrated flow paths over a large area once relevant data are collected. This study tested the D8 algorithm for simulating concentrated lateral flow paths at three interfaces in soil profiles in a 19.5-ha agricultural landscape in central Pennsylvania, USA. These interfaces were (1) the interface between surface plowed layers of Ap1 and Ap2 horizons, (2) the interface with subsoil water-restricting clay layer where clay content increased to over 40%, and (3) the soil-bedrock interface. The simulated flow paths were validated through soil hydrologic monitoring, geophysical surveys, and observable soil morphological features. The results confirmed that concentrated subsurface lateral flow occurred at the interfaces with the clay layer and the underlying bedrock. At these two interfaces, the soils on the simulated flow paths were closer to saturation and showed more temporally unstable moisture dynamics than those off the simulated flow paths. Apparent electrical conductivity in the soil on the simulated flow paths was elevated and temporally unstable as compared to those outside the simulated paths. The soil cores collected from the simulated flow paths showed significantly higher Mn content at these interfaces than those away from the simulated paths. These results suggest that (1) the D8 algorithm is useful in simulating possible concentrated subsurface lateral flow paths if used with appropriate threshold value of contributing area and sufficiently detailed digital elevation model (DEM); (2) repeated electromagnetic surveys can reflect the temporal change of soil water storage and thus is a useful indicator of possible subsurface flow path over a large area; and (3) observable Mn distribution in soil profiles can be used as a simple indicator of water flow paths in soils and over the landscape; however, it does require sufficient soil sampling (by excavation or augering) to possibly infer landscape-scale subsurface flow paths. In areas where subsurface interface topography varies similarly with surface topography, surface DEM can be used to simulate potential subsurface lateral flow path reasonably so the cost associated with obtaining depth to subsurface water-restricting layer can be minimized.

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Fariborzi, H., T. Sabzevari, S. Noroozpour, and R. Mohammadpour. "Prediction of the subsurface flow of hillslopes using a subsurface time-area model." Hydrogeology Journal 27, no. 4 (January 9, 2019): 1401–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-018-1909-9.

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Sabzevari, T., A. Talebi, R. Ardakanian, and A. Shamsai. "A steady-state saturation model to determine the subsurface travel time (STT) in complex hillslopes." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 14, no. 6 (June 4, 2010): 891–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-891-2010.

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Abstract. The travel time of subsurface flow in complex hillslopes (hillslopes with different plan shape and profile curvature) is an important parameter in predicting the subsurface flow in catchments. This time depends on the hillslopes geometry (plan shape and profile curvature), soil properties and climate conditions. The saturation capacity of hillslopes affect the travel time of subsurface flow. The saturation capacity, and subsurface travel time of compound hillslopes depend on parameters such as soil depth, porosity, soil hydraulic conductivity, plan shape (convergent, parallel or divergent), hillslope length, profile curvature (concave, straight or convex) and recharge rate to the groundwater table. An equation for calculating subsurface travel time for all complex hillslopes was presented. This equation is a function of the saturation zone length (SZL) on the surface. Saturation zone length of the complex hillslopes was calculated numerically by using the hillslope-storage kinematic wave equation for subsurface flow, so an analytical equation was presented for calculating the saturation zone length of the straight hillslopes and all plan shapes geometries. Based on our results, the convergent hillslopes become saturated very soon and they showed longer SZL with shorter travel time compared to the parallel and divergent ones. The subsurface average flow rate in convergent hillslopes is much less than the divergent ones in the steady state conditions. Concerning to subsurface travel time, convex hillslopes have more travel time in comparison to straight and concave hillslopes. The convex hillslopes exhibit more average flow rate than concave hillslopes and their saturation capacity is very low. Finally, the effects of recharge rate variations, average bedrock slope and soil depth on saturation zone extension were investigated.

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Song, Zhi Xin, Shao Yuan Bai, and Jian Xu. "Effect of Flow Field Distribution on the Clogging of Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands." Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (December 2012): 1349–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.1349.

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this review summarizes an important factor of clogging in subsurface flow constructed wetlands ¬(SSF)—field distribution. The efficiency of filter media and the spatial distribution of biological growth are determined by the flow field distribution directly. If the flow field distribution is un-uniform, it would accelerate the clogging of substrate. The influencing factors for flow field distribution, including hydraulic loads, properties of filter media, filling structures and root distribution were investigated, and the clogging reasons were discussed additionally. At last, this study showed some corresponding research methods, and helping in the process of research and development of subsurface flow constructed wetlands in solving clogging problem.

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Štibinger, J. "An estimation of subsurface total drainage quantity in non-steady state drainage flow, and its verification in loamy soils." Plant, Soil and Environment 51, No. 12 (November 20, 2011): 562–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3632-pse.

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The subsurface total drainage quantity is a very important hydrological indicator to solve the drainage problems in a field of water management in the landscape, especially in a situation after massive floods. Described in this paper is an estimation of the subsurface total drainage quantity, which was developed by the operation of a subsurface pipe drainage system in saturated, middle permeable soil under unsteady state drainage flow with the application of the Dupuit’s assumptions and Darcy’s law, by analytical approximation. The correctness and applicability of this estimation of the subsurface total drainage quantity was verified by field measurements on the loamy soils of an experimental watershed area of the Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation (RISWC) Prague-Zbraslav, Czech Republic. The parameters and the shape of this subsurface total drainage quantity equation were also proved with the help of nonlinear regression analysis, with application of the method of Marquardt. This analytical approximation should serve as an elementary tool of water engineering practice for an immediate estimation of the values of subsurface total drainage quantities from field pipe drainage systems in saturated loamy soils. It requires only a minimum amount of information (fundamental soil hydrology data and drainage system basic design parameters) and its use is often viewed, it is simple, user-friendly and is possible for a wide range of drainage policies.

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Huang, Xiaofeng, Yi Luo, Zuolan Liu, Changlian Zhang, Hang Zhong, Jiajia Xue, Qigui Wang, Zhiping Zhu, and Chao Wang. "Influence of Two-Stage Combinations of Constructed Wetlands on the Removal of Antibiotics, Antibiotic Resistance Genes and Nutrients from Goose Wastewater." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 20 (October 21, 2019): 4030. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16204030.

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Antibiotic and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have been considered as emerging environmental contaminants and possess potential crisis to global public health. However, little is known about the differences between various configurations of two-stage combinations of constructed wetlands (CWs) on antibiotics and ARG removal from wastewater. In the study, three configurations of two-stage hybrid CWs (horizontal subsurface flow-down-flow vertical subsurface flow CWs, HF-DVF; horizontal subsurface flow-up-flow vertical subsurface flow CWs, HF-UVF; down-flow vertical subsurface flow-up-flow vertical subsurface flow CWs, DVF-UVF) were operated to evaluate their ability to remove high-concentration antibiotics (tilmicosin—TMS and doxycycline—DOC), ARGs (seven tet genes and three erm genes), intI1, 16S rRNA, and nutrients from goose wastewater. The results showed that all three hybrid CWs could remove more than 98% of TMS and DOC from wastewater, without significant difference among treatments (p > 0.05). For ARGs, DVF-UVF showed significantly higher removal efficiencies of intI1, ermB, ermC, ermF, tetW, and tetG compared to HF-UVF (p < 0.05), mainly because they might remove and arrest growth of bacteria. The relatively high removal efficiencies of NH4+-N, NO3—N, and NO2--N were also observed from DVF-UVF, ranging from 87% to 95% (p > 0.05), indicating that anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) might be established in the CWs. Our results demonstrate that the removal performances of antibiotics using two-stage hybrid CWs are not affected by the combined configuration, whereas the combination of DVF and UVF CWs perform better on the removal of ARGs and nutrients compared with HF-DVF and HF-UVF CWs.

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Lamba, Jasmeet, Puneet Srivastava, Subhasis Mitra, and Thomas R. Way. "Using Soil Phosphorus Measurements to Assess the Effectiveness of Subsurface-Band Application of Broiler Litter in Reducing Phosphorus Leaching." Transactions of the ASABE 61, no. 1 (2018): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.12496.

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Abstract. Excessive delivery of phosphorus (P) from agricultural landscapes to surface waters results in water quality impairment. The method of application of broiler litter to agricultural fields significantly affects P loss to surface waters via surface and subsurface flow pathways from agricultural landscapes. Subsurface-band application of broiler litter can help reduce P loss in surface and subsurface flows. Typically, leachate samples are collected using lysimeters or subsurface flows are sampled to assess the effectiveness of subsurface-band application of broiler litter in limiting P mobility. In this study, we tested a simple and inexpensive method of assessing effectiveness of subsurface-band application of broiler litter using ortho-P (PO4-P) measurements in soils. This method of measuring PO4-P concentration in soils showed that subsurface-band application of broiler litter helps to reduce P leaching, whereas surface application of broiler litter was not effective in reducing P leaching. The results of this study show that soil PO4-P measurements can be successfully used to assess the effectiveness of subsurface-band application of broiler litter in reducing P leaching. Keywords: Leachate, Manure, Nutrient management, Phosphorus, Surface runoff, Water quality.

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