Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Substitution matrices'
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Anfinsen, Jarle. "Making substitution matrices metric." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-9237.
Full textWith the emergence and growth of large databases of information, efficient methods for storage and processing are becoming increasingly important. The existence of a metric distance measure between data entities enables efficient index structures to be applied when storing the data. Unfortunately, this is often not the case. Amino acid substitution matrices, which are used to estimate similarities between proteins, do not yield metric distance measures. Finding efficient methods for converting a non-metric matrix into a metric one is therefore highly desirable. In this work, the problem of finding such conversions is approached by embedding the data contained in the non-metric matrix into a metric space. The embedding is optimized according to a quality measure which takes the original data into account, and a distance matrix is then derived using the metric distance function of the space. More specifically, an evolutionary scheme is proposed for constructing such an embedding. The work shows how a coevolutionary algorithm can be used to find a spatial embedding and a metric distance function which try to preserve as much of the proximity structure of the non-metrix matrix as possible. The evolutionary scheme is compared to three existing embedding algorithms. Some modifications to the existing algorithms are proposed, with the purpose of handling the data in the non-metric matrix more efficiently. At a higher level, the strategy of deriving a metric distance function from a spatial embedding is compared to an existing algorithm which enforces metricity by manipulating the data in the non-metric matrix directly (the triangle fixing algorithm). The methods presented and compared are general in the sense that they can be applied in any case where a non-metric matrix must be converted into a metric one, regardless of how the data in the non-metric matrix was originally derived. The proposed methods are tested empirically on amino acid substitution matrices, and the derived metric matrices are used to search for similarity in a database of proteins. The results show that the embedding approach outperforms the triangle fixing approach when applied to matrices from the PAM family. Moreover, the evolutionary embedding algorithms perform best among the embedding algorithms. In the case of the PAM250 scoring matrix, a metric distance matrix is found which is more sensitive than the mPAM250 matrix presented in a recent paper. Possible advantages of choosing one method over another are shown to be unclear in the case of matrices from the BLOSUM family.
Rizzato, Francesca. "Towards a deeper understanding of protein sequence evolution." Doctoral thesis, SISSA, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11767/4904.
Full textLefebvre, Dominique. "Hexagallates de lanthanide pour matrices laser et substrats d'épitaxie : élaboration, étude cristallographique et spectroscopique." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066415.
Full textGelly, Jean-Christophe. "Système d'information et outils de prédiction structurale spécifiques de classes de protéines : Base de données KNOTTIN et matrices de substitution EvDTree dépendantes de la structure." Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20026.
Full textTheroine, Camille. "Etude de la réaction de capture neutronique radiative pour le noyau instable du ¹⁷³Lu par méthode directe et par réaction de substitution." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00797443.
Full textPeroglio-Martynovitch, Marianna. "Composites organiques-inorganiques poreux pour la substitution osseuse." Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2008ISAL0083/these.pdf.
Full textBone substitute more easy to handle are obtained by infiltrating a porous ceramic (alumina, hydroxyapatite-beta tricalcium phosphate or bioglass) with a solution or a nanodispersion based on polycaprolactone. Pores are covered with a layer of polymer and rupture, which is catastrophic for the ceramic, becomes a controlled one in the case of the composite, with a strong increase in energy to break thanks to crack bridging by polymer fibrils. Another kind of composite material, pliable during insertion, is obtained by infiltrating a polyurethane sponge with plaster or a cement based on alpha tricalcium phosphate. After setting, a layer of cement is obtained on the surface of the pores, the Young modulus and the strength at break are increased in compression and rupture of the composite is of controlled type, with a progressive damage of the structure. In-vitro tests showed the cytocompatability of the composite
Sellami, Tarek. "Dynamique commune des fractals de rauzy de même matrice d' incidence." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4030/document.
Full textThe matrix of a substitution is not sufficient to completely determine the dynamics associated with it, even in the simplest cases since there are many words with the same abelianization. In this paper we study the common points of the canonical broken lines associated with two different irreducible Pisot unimodular substitutions σ1 and σ2 having the same incidence matrix. We prove that if σ1 verifies the Pisot conjecture and 0 is an inner point to the Rauzy fractal associated with the substitution σ1 then these common points can be generated with a substitution on an alphabet of so-called balanced pairs, and we obtain in this way the intersection of the interior of two Rauzy fractals
Billard, Romain. "Mise au point d’un composite à fibre oxyde et matrice d’aluminosilicate de baryum modifiée." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0291/document.
Full textThe main purpose of the present work is to propose a new BaAl2Si2O8 (BAS) composite reinforced with alumina fibers exhibiting similar physical properties but a higher refractoriness than SiO2 / SiO2 composites. The hexagonal crystal form of BAS is the stable one at high temperatures. However, it is metastable below 1590 °C and it is therefore necessary to stabilize it in order to prevent crystalline transformations. The stabilization of the hexagonal form by atomic substitution, including rubidium at 5 atomic % has been chosen. Regarding the matrix BAS composite, the alumina fibers selection has been justified by their low physical and chemical reactivity with this material. Several elaboration methods of the BAS matrix and of the BAS / alumina composite have been investigated. The development by "reactive spark plasma sintering" (R-SPS) brings an important benefit in terms of reduced elaboration time and yield. This saving time thus limits the BAS exposure to high temperatures and the risk of transformation into monoclinic. Nevertheless, the SPS shaping of oxide materials, including the BAS, is confronted with the presence of important thermal gradient within the sample. This is why shaping in a heating mold is currently in progress, as an alternative to the SPS. This system should allow the use the same thermal cycles as for SPS, but with lower thermal gradient
Gomes, Susana Raquel Rodrigues. "Desenvolvimento de matrizes biomiméticas como substitutos de pele destinados ao tratamento de queimaduras." Doctoral thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/10931.
Full textA Engenharia de Tecidos apresenta actualmente soluções comerciais, para o tratamento de lesões provocadas por queimadura com perda total de pele, que não preenchem todos os requisitos para serem denominados de substitutos definitivos de pele. O objectivo deste trabalho consistiu no desenvolvimento e caracterização físico-química e biológica da componente dérmica de um substituto de pele baseada numa matriz de nanofibras, obtida através da técnica de electrofiação. Os polímeros escolhidos foram a gelatina (GEL), o quitosano (CS) e a policaprolactona (PCL), usando como solvente comum o ácido acético. Estes foram depositados individualmente e em mistura, resultando em três tipos de matrizes: unitárias, binárias e ternária. No sistema de matrizes unitárias apenas a de PCL é hidrofóbica. Em termos de propriedades mecânicas a de PCL é a mais elástica e dúctil e a de GEL a mais rígida e frágil. Os testes in vitro revelaram adesão e proliferação celular em todas as matrizes. Porém, apenas nas matrizes de PCL e CS foi observada migração de células em profundidade. Nos testes in vivo constatou-se uma boa integração das matrizes de CS e de GEL nas feridas, resultando numa cicatriz re-epitelizada ao final de 4 semanas. No sistema de matrizes binárias e ternária, a de PCL/GEL é a menos hidrofílica. Relativamente às propriedades mecânicas observou-se um domínio da componente CS nas misturas preparadas com este polímero. Já a matriz de PCL/GEL reflecte a mistura de ambos os componentes. Os testes in vitro apresentaram adesão e proliferação celular em todas as matrizes. Foram encontradas evidências de processos de invasão celular em todas as matrizes, excepto na matriz de PCL/GEL. Finalmente, em termos de testes in vivo destacou-se uma boa integração das matrizes de CS/GEL e de CS/PCL/GEL na lesão, resultando numa cicatriz re-epitelizada ao final de 4 semanas.
Fundação da Ciência e Tecnologia - bolsa de Doutoramento SFRH / BD / 37854 / 2007
Seif, El Dine Bassels. "Etude du comportement mécanique de sols grossiers à matrice." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002992.
Full textZhang, Zhiguo. "Elaboration de dépôts nano-composés par pulvérisation cathodique magnétron pour la substitution du chrome électrolytique." Besançon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BESA2035.
Full textThis research focuses on the synthesis and characterization of CrN based multilayer coatings for the replacement of electrolytic chrome. The studied materials include chromium nitrides coatings Cr-Zr-N ternary multiple phase and multilayer coatings and Si added CrN / ZrN multilayer coatings. The main objective of this thesis si to deposit the controllable coating structure and properties based on a magnetron sputtering technology so that the coating performance can be optimized to satisfy the replacement of Cr in industry scale. Coating structures are characterized by various techniques such as glow discharge optical spectrometer (GDOS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scaning electronic microscope (SEM), transmission electronic microscope (TEM). The mechanical, tribological and corrosion properties of the deposited coatings are evaluated using nanoindentation, scratch test, pin-on-disk, dynamic polarization techniques respectively. The first study is related to chromium nitride coatings with controllable structure; The hysteresic curve and target voltage versus nitrogen flow rate curve are used to predict the phase evolution on chromium nitride. Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) analysis for various RF biases reveals that the increased substrate bias leads the nitrogen content to decrease. The second study is concentrated on Cr-Zr-N system. Solid solution CrN(Zr) coatings and nanoscale multilayer CrN/ZrN coatings with bilayer thickness (^) ranging from 11. 7 to 66. 7 nm are prepared. CrN(Zr) coatings show a maximum hardness value of approximately 24 GPa while CrN / ZrN multilayers present constant hardness of 29 GPa. In corrosion tests, these coatings show good chemical inert and very low corrosion current densities. To enhance the performance of CrN / ZrN multilayers, a further effort to add Si into CrN / ZrN multilayer is carried out. The deposited CrSiN / ZrN multilayer coatings with ^ from 13. 4 nm to 86. 9 nm have nanocrystalline/amorphous structure (nc-CrSiN / a-ZrN). They demonstrate elevated corrosion potentials in comparison with the single layers. On the other hand, CrN / ZrSiN multilayers with ^ from 11 nm to 153 nm form nancrystalline/amorphous period structure (nc-CrN / a-ZrSiN). This multilayer structure shows a good combination of high hardness from ZrSiN and good toughness from CrN. The addition of Si into ZrN individual layer has been shown to be an efficient way to inhibit pitting corrosion
Rodier, Loïc. "Matériaux de construction en zone tropicale humide : Potentialités de sous-produits ou de matériaux naturels locaux en substitution ou addition à la matrice cimentaire." Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AGUY0804/document.
Full textThe incorporation of crop wastes or natural materials in the cement matrix confers interesting properties to composites prepared. The aim of this thesis is to develop a material that can reach the mechanical, thermal and durability requirements for building materials in the humid tropical zone. Firstly, pozzolanic activity of a natural pozzolan, bamboo stem and sugar cane bagasse ashes has been determined. Influence of their incorporation on mechanical properties and durability of mortars exposed to chloride and sulphate ions was studied. Secondly, influence of addition of bagasse fibers on thermal and mechanical properties of composites was studied as a function of various parameters (fibers content, curing, type of cement matrix).These results has shown that the materials studied have pozzolanic activity and it is possible to incorporate them into the cement to fight against corrosion. Moreover, composites elaborated with bagasse fibers are more insulating than those elaborated without fibers. However, from the viewpoint of mechanical properties, incorporation of bagasse fibers decreases flexural strength of composites in the present work and under the conditions producing procedures that were adopted
Roháček, Lukáš. "Optimalizace složení matrice cementotřískových desek při využití alternativních surovinových zdrojů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-371967.
Full textCanado, Vanessa Rahal. "As regras-matrizes de incidência tributária da Contribuição para o Financiamento da Seguridade Social (COFINS) nos regimes "cumulativo", "não-cumulativo", de "incidência monofásica" e de "substituição tributária", previstos na Lei Complementar n. 70/91 e nas leis n. 9.718/98, n. 10.147/00, n. 10.485/02, n. 10.560/02 e n. 10.833/03." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2008. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/8022.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The main objective of this dissertation is to construct the essential rules connected to the levy ( regras matrizes de incidência tributária ) of the COFINS tax, based on provisions contained under specific laws which govern the four main collection regimes of said contribution: cumulative , noncumulative , single-phase taxation and tax substitution . Based on the provisions of Complementary Law n. 70/91 and of Law n. 9.718/98, we have constructed, besides the generic rule of levy of the COFINS in the cumulative regime , other 6 (six) specific rules, referred to herein as differentiated treatments in the cumulative regime . Essentially, from the provisions under Law n. 10.833/03, besides the generic rule of levy of the COFINS in the non-cumulative regime , we identified 12 (twelve) more specific rules of levy, also referred to as "differentiated treatments in the non-cumulative regime." In turn, with regard to the tax substitution COFINS regime, solely the manufacturers and wholesale sellers of cigarettes remained, according to the provisions under Article 3 of Complementary Law n. 70/91 and Article 29 of Law n. 10.865/04. Finally, based on the provisions of Laws n. 9.718/98 (Articles 4, 5 and 6), n. 10.147/00, n. 10.485/02, n. 10.560/02 and n. 10.833/03 (Article 49), we could identify 12 (twelve) rules of the levy of the COFINS in the so-called single-phase taxation regime. Besides the aforementioned legislation, specific provisions under Provisional Measure n. 2.158-35/01 and Laws n. 10.684/03, n. 10.865/04, n. 10.925/04, n. 11.051/04 and 11.196/05 were also necessary for the analysis and description of the rules of levy of the COFINS which were constructed herein
Esta dissertação tem como principal objetivo construir as normas tributárias de incidência (regras-matrizes de incidência tributária) da COFINS, a partir de enunciados prescritivos contidos em leis específicas que regem os quatro principais regimes de apuração da referida contribuição: cumulativo , não-cumulativo , de incidência monofásica e de substituição tributária . Tomando-se por base os enunciados da Lei Complementar n. 70/91 e da Lei n. 9.718/98, foi possível construirmos, além da regra-matriz de incidência tributária genérica , para apuração da COFINS no regime cumulativo , outras 6 (seis) regras específicas, que denominamos de tratamentos diferenciados no regime cumulativo . A partir, essencialmente, dos enunciados da Lei n. 10.833/03, além da regra de incidência genérica da COFINS no regime não-cumulativo , pudemos construir mais 12 (doze) normas específicas de incidência, que denominamos, também, de tratamentos diferenciados no regime nãocumulativo . No regime de substituição tributária , restaram apenas os fabricantes e comerciantes atacadistas de cigarros, conforme disposições do artigo 3º, da Lei Complementar n. 70/91 e do artigo 29, da Lei n. 10.865/04. Por fim, descrevendo acerca dos enunciados das Leis n. 9.718/98 (artigos 4º, 5º e 6º), n. 10.147/00, n. 10.485/02, n. 10.560/02 e n. 10.833/03 (artigo 49), pudemos construir 12 (doze) regras-matrizes de incidência tributária da COFINS no regime denominado de incidência monofásica . Além das leis acima citadas, também prescrições específicas da Medida Provisória n. 2.158-35/01 e das Leis n. 10.684/03, n. 10.865/04, n. 10.925/04, n. 11.051/04 e n. 11.196/05 foram necessárias para a delimitação das normas construídas
Aupetit, Sébastien. "Contributions aux Modèles de Markov Cachés : métaheuristiques d'apprentissage, nouveaux modèles et visualisation de dissimilarité." Phd thesis, Université François Rabelais - Tours, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00168392.
Full textde métaheuristiques biomimétiques classiques (les algorithmes génétiques, l'algorithme de fourmis artificielles API et l'optimisation par essaim particulaire) au problème de l'apprentissage de MMC. Dans la
deuxième partie, nous proposons un nouveau type de modèle de Markov caché, appelé modèle Markov caché à substitutions de symboles (MMCSS). Un MMCSS permet d'incorporer des connaissances a priori dans le processus d'apprentissage et de reconnaissance. Les premières expérimentations de ces modèles sur des images démontrent leur intérêt. Dans la troisième partie, nous proposons une nouvelle méthode de représentation de dissimilarité appelée matrice de scatterplots pseudo-euclidienne (MSPE), permettant de mieux comprendre les interactions entre des MMC. Cette MSPE est construite à partir
d'une technique que nous nommons analyse en composantes principales à noyau indéfini (ACPNI). Nous terminons par la présentation de la bibliothèque HMMTK, développée au cours de ce travail. Cette dernière intègre des mécanismes de parallélisation et les algorithmes développés au cours de la thèse.
ping, lee ching, and 李至平. "Protein Neighbor-Substitution Matrices." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/47968217152141416438.
Full textLiu, Yen-Chih, and 劉妍芝. "Study of the Construction of LSB Substitution Matrices Based on Ant Colony Optimization Algorithms." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/hf9y5x.
Full text銘傳大學
資訊管理學系碩士班
97
Least Significant Bit (LSB), a kind of information hiding techniques, can embed a secret into a cover image to prevent the revelation of secrets to malicious people. Since the method is quite simple and it will destroy cover images, the substitution matrix is proposed to improve the image quality of cover images and the security of secrets. Basically, the construction of optimal substitution matrices is intrinsically a combinatorial optimization problem. Nowadays, some optimization methods have been applied to the construction of substitution matrices, such as greedy algorithms and genetic algorithms. Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) Algorithm, which is also a kind of optimization methods, was derived from the observation of real ants’ behavior. Researchers found that real ants use the chemicals called “pheromones” to communicate with each other and form the shortest path connecting a nest of ants and a food source. It has been shown that ACO Algorithm is effective to solve many combinatorial optimization problems and its efficiency is better than that of genetic algorithm and simulated annealing. Therefore, in this thesis, the ACO algorithm will be exploited to construct optimal substitution matrices for efficiency consideration. In addition, we also propose position substitution matrices to further improve the image quality. Thus, instead of using only the color substitution matrix, we combine color and position substitution matrices to conceal secrets in cover images. Experimental results show that the addition of position matrices is effective in improving the image quality of cover images.
Vasconcelos, Joana Marta Candelária. "Produção de matrizes porosas 3D baseadas em réplicas invertidas de cristais coloidais." Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/14992.
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