Academic literature on the topic 'Substantive gender equity'
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Journal articles on the topic "Substantive gender equity"
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Moore, Mark E., and Alison M. Konrad. "A reflection of the contributions of “Women in sport management: advancing the representation through HRM structures”." Gender in Management: An International Journal 25, no. 2 (March 16, 2010): 100–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17542411011026276.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to offer a reflection of contributions made by the paper “Women in sport management: advancing the representation through HRM structures.”Design/methodology/approachThe approach the paper took in preparing this reflection was to offer the recollections as why the study was initiated and the significance it has had since being in print.FindingsIn this paper, four key outcomes of the original study are identified and discussed. They are that women rated their leaders as significantly less committed to gender equity than men did; that experiencing a gender equity lawsuit increased top management's philosophical support of gender equity, that top management support for gender equity is significantly positively associated with both substantive human resource management (HRM) practices and the percentage of female managers in the organization; and that the presence of substantive HRM practices for gender equity is unrelated to the employment of female sport managers.Originality/valueThe paper offers insight on the significance of the original paper and communicates the importance of further practical and scholarly efforts to increase gender equity within management.
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McGregor, Judy, and Sharyn Graham Davies. "Achieving pay equity: Strategic mobilization for substantive equality in Aotearoa New Zealand." Gender, Work & Organization 26, no. 5 (May 22, 2018): 619–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12253.
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Canham, Hugo. "“Tea girl and garden boy” bankers: exploring substantive equality in bankers’ narratives." Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal 38, no. 4 (May 20, 2019): 402–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/edi-07-2017-0148.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore what narratives of inequality tell us about societal inequality both inside and outside of workplaces. It illuminates the intertwined fates of social agents and the productive potential of seeing organisational actors as social beings in order to advance resistance and substantive equality. Design/methodology/approach This research empirically examines narratives of inequality and substantive empowerment among a group of 25 black bankers within a major bank in Johannesburg, South Africa. Data were gathered through one-on-one interviews. The data were analysed using narrative analysis. Findings The findings indicate that narratives of organisational agents always contain fragments of personal and societal narratives. An intersectional lens of how people experience inequality allows us to work towards a more substantive kind of equality. Substantive equality of organisational actors is closely tied to the recognition and elimination of broader societal inequality. Research limitations/implications The implications for teaching and research are for scholars to methodically centre the continuities between the personal, organisational and societal in ways that highlight the productive tensions and possibilities for a more radical form of equality. Moreover, teaching, research and policy interventions should always foreground how the present comes to be constituted historically. Practical implications Policy and inclusivity interventions would be better served by using substantive empowerment as a theoretical base for deeper changes beyond what we currently conceive of as empowerment. At base, this requires policy makers and diversity practitioners to see all oppression and inequality as interconnected. Individuals are simultaneously organisational beings and societal agents. Social implications Third world approaches to diversity and inclusion need to be vigilant against globalised western notions of equity that are not contextually and historically informed. The failure of equity initiatives in SA means that alternative ideas and approaches are necessary. Originality/value The paper illustrates how individual narratives become social scripts of resistance. It develops a way for attaining substantive empowerment through the use of narrative approaches. It allows us to see that employees are also social agents.
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Van Dijk, H. G., and H. M. Nkwana. "The Face of Food Insecurity is Female: A Post- Colonial Feminist Argument for Rural Women." African Journal of Gender, Society and Development (formerly Journal of Gender, Information and Development in Africa) 10, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 99–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.31920/2634-3622/2021/v10n1a5.
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The achievement of food security is a global priority, but remains a particular challenge for rural women. International frameworks, including the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) aim to ensure zero hunger, improved nutrition and the promotion of sustainable agriculture. Yet, while the SDGs have significantly broadened the scope of targets focused on achieving gender equity and women's empowerment, as well as recognising that gender equality has a social, economic and political dimension, they remain silent on how substantive gender justice would be achieved. Using a post-colonial feminist perspective, the paper argues that the political, economic and social dimensions, specifically regarding food security, are interconnected and rooted in power inequality and patriarchy. The paper uses a qualitative content analysis to determine the extent to which policy frameworks developed in support of rural women in South Africa are gendered to reflect the experienced realities of women in rural, culturally traditional communities.
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Richie, Beth E., Valli Kalei Kanuha, and Kayla Marie Martensen. "Colluding With and Resisting the State: Organizing Against Gender Violence in the U.S." Feminist Criminology 16, no. 3 (January 19, 2021): 247–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557085120987607.
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The movements for racial justice, health equity, and economic relief have been activated in the contentious and challenging climate of 2020, with COVID-19 and social protest. In this context, feminist scholars, anti-violence advocates, and transformative justice practitioners have renewed their call for substantive changes to all forms of gender-based violence. This article offers a genealogy of the battered women’s movement in the U.S. from the lived experiences of two longtime activists. These reflections offer an analysis of the political praxis which evolved over the past half century of the anti-violence movement, and which has foregrounded the current social, political, and ideological framing of gender-based violence today. We conclude with a view to the future, focusing on the possibilities for transformative justice and abolition feminism as a return to our radical roots and ancestral histories.
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KHINDUKA, SHANTI K. "CHALLENGES OF THE SOCIAL WORK PROFESSION IN THE 21ST CENTURY: A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE." Hong Kong Journal of Social Work 35, no. 01n02 (January 2001): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021924620100002x.
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Despite tremendous progress in the 20th century in increasing life expectancy and spreading freedom and democracy, serious problems of poverty, environmental degradation, gender discrimination, racial and ethnic discord, and social inequality persist in most parts of the world as we enter the 21st century. A dynamic profession of social work, committed internally to knowledge development and to furthering the competence of its members and externally to high quality care giving and to substantive institutional reform, must carve out a role for itself in meeting the great challenge of our time, viz. balancing economic development with social equity.
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De Soysa, Indra, and Oda L. Lewin. "Gender empowerment, inequalities and the prevalence of adult female obesity: An empirical analysis using new data, 1990–2013." Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 47, no. 8 (October 21, 2018): 796–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1403494818807568.
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Aims: Do gender inequality and gender discrimination explain female obesity? Discrimination denies access to choose and constrains agency. Scope: Using the Global Burden of Disease data on overweight and obesity share of the adult female population for almost 160 countries over a 24-year period, we find that female empowerment has no effect on the population share that is overweight, but it reduces the obese share of women. The substantive impact is, however, slight and the results are not robust to testing a sample of only developing countries. Political freedoms for women in general, however, show positive effects on the prevalence of obesity, results that are again substantively meagre. Higher levels of income inequality and a measure of health inequality predict lower levels of female obesity independently of the controls, which raises some doubt about large arguments linking generalized inequality to obesogenic environments. Results: In so far as our measures of female empowerment capture greater access to rights and agency, they are poor predictors of the prevalence of obesity. The results suggest that local-level idiosyncrasies matter a lot more than do macro-level factors. Conclusions: Any conclusion should be treated tentatively given the short temporal domain examined here and uncertainties in the data. While promoting rights and equity for women are still intrinsically valuable and moral, the task of reducing obesity per se may require more targeted public action promoting healthier lifestyles and consumption among vulnerable groups.
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Oswald, Austin, and Vanessa Fabbre. "Applied Scholarship in LGBTQ Aging: Implications for Policy and Practice." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 673–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2339.
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Abstract Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) elders have shown considerable strength while aging in a society predicated on heteronormative and binary expectations for gender and sexuality. The life trajectories of LGBTQ older adults are shaped by discrimination and stigmatization, and the embodied resistance that comes with demanding their full participation and recognition in society. This symposium highlights the innovative scholarship of emerging scholars in the field of LGBTQ aging who are engaging in diverse substantive and methodological investigations. The first study takes a comparative cohort approach to explore differences in stressors and depressive symptomatology between younger and older sexual minorities, highlighting the significance of cohort effects among LGBTQ people. The second paper uses data from the Health and Retirement Study to examine anticipated nursing home placement needs between LGB and heterosexual adults with suggestions to better prepare aging service networks. The third describes the influence of state legislature mandating LGBTQ-sensitivity training by examining differences in provider baseline knowledge and attitudes toward LGBTQ older adults in two states, one mandating LGBTQ-sensitivity training and one not. The final paper highlights findings from a multi-methods study that explores how long-term care workers, managers, and administrators respond when staff, visitors, or residents challenge LGBTQ rights for religious and moral reasons. Although substantively and methodologically varied, these studies all demonstrate the importance of applied scholarship that builds knowledge in support of policies and practices that promote equity among LGBTQ individuals across the life course. Rainbow Research Group Interest Group Sponsored Symposium.
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Swartz, Ethné, Frances M. Amatucci, and Susan Coleman. "Using a multiple method and mixed mode approach to examine women entrepreneur negotiating styles." International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship 8, no. 1 (March 14, 2016): 48–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijge-09-2013-0060.
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Purpose – The purpose of this study is to explore an optimal research design for research on women entrepreneurs involved in negotiating term sheets for private equity capital. This research explores new ways for researchers to connect with such current “invisibles” through the use of a mixed method and mixed mode research design to expand sampling options and secure respondent participation. The authors discuss existing data sets that have been used as secondary sources for data on financing of companies and consider their inadequacy for research questions about process issues in negotiation. The authors present process-related findings regarding the efficacy of the research design. Design/methodology/approach – This paper reviews research on research methodology, incorporating a discussion of practices outside of the entrepreneurship discipline to discover effective practices for identifying respondents and data not currently captured in entrepreneurship data sources. The respondents were found through social media sites, angel networks, University networks and via identification through a proprietary financial intelligence database. Findings – An optimal research design to identify women business owners of growth-oriented firms who have negotiated private equity should consider mixed methods designs and mixed modes, including the use of digital networks that signal to potential respondents that research is being done. Research limitations/implications – Although the authors developed the multi-method, mixed mode (MMMM) research design, the sample size is still relatively small. This raises concerns about generalizability to the larger population and limits statistical analysis more suitable with larger data sets. However, the MMMM research design has enabled the authors to reach a difficult target sample. It has proven effective, although a longer time frame would have been helpful. Research limitations/implications – All of the large scale databases in entrepreneurship have limitations in providing optimal sampling frames for process-related research. The present research study was able to use conventional networks, social media sites and angel networks to connect with women business owners who have raised private equity, but who lack visibility in current data sets. The study shows that through the use of multiple methods, women entrepreneurs can be researched and some will share their experiences about process issues. The sample size was small and the quantitative data cannot be generalized. However, the methodology works and allows researchers to explore experiences that are not captured in existing data sets. Social implications – Entrepreneurship researchers can connect with “invisibles” by becoming more “social” and using social media sites that are used by women entrepreneurs. Researchers may not have immediate access to women entrepreneurs through these means, but rather they need to develop interpersonal contacts, build a social presence and trust to recruit respondents to complete online questionnaire studies about substantive topics such as negotiating term sheets for equity investments in their companies. Originality/value – This paper summarizes the “research on research methodologies” in entrepreneurship, reviews secondary data sources and discusses their limitations for specific types of research questions. A review of the value of MMMM research designs and best practices in online survey research outside of entrepreneurship provides insights into the incorporation of digital tools in other disciplines.
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Yong, Sarah A., Cara L. Moore, and Sandra M. Lussier. "Towards gender equity in intensive care medicine: ten practical strategies for improving diversity." Critical Care and Resuscitation 23, no. 2 (June 7, 2021): 132–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.51893/2021.2.sc1.
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Gender balance in intensive care medicine (ICM) is a worthy goal for numerous reasons. However, despite reaching parity in medical school and a substantial rise in the proportion of female ICM trainees over the past decade, women remain under-represented in ICM in Australia and New Zealand. Women comprise 21% of fellows and are underrepresented in academia and positions of leadership.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Substantive gender equity"
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Jaffer, Taskeen. "Women’s rights are human rights – a review of gender bias in South African tax law." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/80447.
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The role of taxation in gender inequality is something that is perhaps not considered earnestly enough. Both in South Africa and within the context of global initiatives such as the Convention for the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) which are aimed at eradicating all forms of gender-based discrimination, the importance of understanding the gender consequences of tax policy, whether intended or not, should not be underestimated.
This study seeks to identify whether or not there are any instances where South Africa’s personal income tax laws have an effect which is potentially inconsistent with both the Constitutional right to equality between genders and international gender equality agreements to which South Africa is bound, namely the CEDAW and the SDG. In doing so, determine whether South Africa’s personal income tax legislation should become a focal point in this regard and be one of the pillars that could further be used as a means to uphold and further the cause of substantive gender equity.Mini Dissertation (MCom (Taxation))--University of Pretoria, 2020.
pt2021
Taxation
MCom (Taxation)
Unrestricted
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Blomqvist, Linnéa. "Gender Quotas in the Constitution : A method to achieve gender equality?" Thesis, Umeå universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-154135.
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Drawing on earlier research and theories regarding female political representation and its effects on gender equality, the attempt in this study is to investigate whether political gender quotas, legislated in the constitution, has a positive association and effect on gender equality in a society. A substantial number of studies supports the notion that quotas increase female representation in the political context. Yet, few studies examine gender quotas effect on women’s everyday life. The study investigates the variation in gender equality amongst new democracies where countries with gender quotas are compared to countries without. The overall findings appoint that political gender quotas demonstrate more far-reaching effects than to increase the number of women elected. Having a high female representation does affect women’s everyday life and a quota will increase gender equality in a society. This should be regarded as a solid argument in favour of an implementation of a gender quota. Additionally, the results from this study indicate that Anne Phillips theory the Politics of Presence, which points out the importance of having high female representation, does exert an effect.
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Cederquist, Janna. "Does Women Representation Matter? : A study of women MPs response to feminist demands in Uganda." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-374281.
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Scholars have been conflicted whether descriptive representation of women leads to substantive representation. A new way of measuring this relationship is through the relationship between women movements and female parliamentarians. Thus, this paper develops from the rethinking of the critical mass theory and uses the feminist demands stated by women organisations in Uganda. This in order to establish whether or not there exists an alliance between inside and outside actors as a measure of substantive representation of women. By applying this approach to transcripts from plenary debates in the Ugandan parliament, the study finds that several gender-related issues are addressed by female MPs. Using a frame analysis comparing the framing of problems between the women organisations and the female MPs, the paper discovers that the majority of issues addressed in the parliament is framed less radically by the female MPs. While the organisations frame the problems as being gender-related, mainly affecting rural women and girls, the MPs frame them more of concern for the whole population and as problems with economic implications for the country.
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Nunes, Diana. "Le sexe, un élément d'identification des personnes en droit : étude menée à partir de la transidentité et de l'intersexuation." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE2060.
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N droit, le sexe procède de l’organisation des personnes en deux catégories, le sexe féminin et le sexe masculin. L’identification juridique des personnes échappe traditionnellement à la volonté individuelle. Le sexe comme élément de l’état des personnes est immuable et binaire. Cependant aujourd’hui ce modèle d’assignation subit des remises en question.D’une part, les revendications transidentitaires ont permis de voir émerger une conception de l’identité en termes de droits fondamentaux et non plus seulement en termes d’identification stable, imposée par l’Etat. D’autre part, l’invisibilisation des personnes intersexes en droit et la contrainte de la fiction instituée de la binarité des sexes sur leurs corps, conduisent à interroger la légitimité de la bicatégorisation et son caractère obligatoire. Finalement, l’effondrement des bases naturalistes de la différenciation des sexes et l’indifférenciation des normes au regard du sexe conduisent à interroger l’utilité de la catégorie. Néanmoins, comme les inégalités de faitspersistent malgré l’égalité formelle, le sexe, dans sa dimension protectrice peut justifier d’une nouvelle pertinenceIn law, sex proceeds from the organization of persons into two categories: female and male. Identifying legally people escapes traditionally the individual will. Sex as an element of the state of people is immutable and binary. However, this assignment model leads today to be questioned. On the one hand, transidentitary demands have allowed emerging a concept of identity in terms of fundamental rights and not only in terms of stable identification, imposed by the State. On the other hand, the invisibilization of the intersex people in law and the constraint of the instituted fiction of the binarity of the sexes on their bodies lead to question the legitimacy of the bicategorization and its obligatory character. Finally, the collapse of the naturalist bases of the differentiation of the sexes and the lack of differentiation of norms with respect to sex lead to question the usefulness of the category. Nevertheless, since facts inequalities persist despite the formal equality, gender in its protective dimension may justify a new relevance
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Chen, Hung-Wei, and 陳宏瑋. "Examining the Substantive Gender Equality from CEDAW- Including the Female Politics Reserved Seats Systems." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/82jq56.
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碩士中國文化大學
法律學系
103
In recent years, women's rights and gender equality issues have attracted attention worldwide. Women are no longer a "Socially vulnerable group". Their rights should be substantively equal to men's rights. If we need to get rid of the historically unbalanced structure between the rights of men and women, we must examine which existing Gender Equality concept is the most appropriate for our society. However, it is impossible to find the appropriate concept for our society overnight. In order to understand international trends, this article will combine the CEDAW, which is the most relevance document to this concept and was internalized into the law system in our country at 2012, and J.Y. Interpretation, which is of the highest legal status in our country. We will compare the two concepts relating gender substantive equality, and analyze unique affirmative action in CEDAW in order to seek for the gender equality concept which is not only in compliance with international trends but also fits our society. Moreover, this article will explore "affirmative action", which is a new and relatively unfamiliar concept to our law system. So far in our country, only "Female Politics Reserved Seats Systems" is similar to the concept. Therefore, we will discuss the concept, and hope that through introduction and exploration of women's suffrage protection, the concept of gender equality which is combined from CEDAW and J.Y. Interpretation, can be put into action in our society. In addition, we also make an effort to review the concept’s feasibility in our society hoping it may help us make some useful proposals for our women's suffrage safeguards systems. Finally, we will also use this opportunity to re-examine the concept and prospect of gender equality by viewing mainstreaming gender policies and the "HeForShe" campaign, which is promoted by UN Women recently. We hope this article can be helpful for our country to achieve substantive gender equality.
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Lasseko-Phooko, Matilda E. K. "Challenges to gender equality in the legal profession in South Africa : a case for putting gender on the transformation agenda." Diss., 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/25608.
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This study demonstrates the negative effect of stereotypes in the progression of women in the legal profession in South Africa and the laws, policies and measures that reinforce gender and sex stereotypes are discriminatory on the basis of gender and sex. This notwithstanding, it considers whether gender equality can be achieved where the measures adopted for gender transformation are premised on gender or sex stereotypes. The study analyses the Cape Bar Maternity Policy in concluding that this approach is justifiable and necessary to achieve substantive gender equality.
In addition, this study provides recommendations for the legal profession to achieve substantive gender equality that include: special measures to ensure that the working environment is cognisant of the lived realities of women; requiring practitioners to confront their individual bias by holding them accountable for habits and attitudes that maintain gender inequality; and linking the career advancement of legal professionals to a demonstrable commitment to gender transformation.Jurisprudence
LL. M. (Human Rights Law)
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Lowndes, Gillian Claire. "The need for a flexible and discretionary system of marital property distribution in the South African law of divorce." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/18819.
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Substantive gender equality has yet to be achieved in South Africa. As such, when a decision is made for one of the spouses to a civil marriage to stay at home and care for the children born of the marriage, or make career sacrifices to care for children, that spouse is usually the wife. As a result, while the husband continues to amass wealth and grow his earning potential, the wife is unable to do so. In circumstances where such spouses are married out of community of property or subject to the accrual system with onerous exclusion clauses in the antenuptial contract, the wife may be left with little more than a claim for rehabilitative maintenance in the event of a divorce. The courts only have the discretion to make an equitable distribution of marital property in civil marriages with complete separation of property concluded prior to 1 November 1984 (or 2 December 1988) and customary marriages. It is arguable that this limitation of the judicial discretion violates the equality clause contained in the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996. A broad judicial discretion to equitably redistribute the spouses’ assets upon divorce is therefore proposed in this dissertation.Private Law
LL.M.
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Welsh, Shirley Anne Vera. "The law giveth and the law taketh away : Marriages out of community of property excluding accrual post 1984/88." 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/16460.
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Because women are predominantly responsible for childcare, men are the primary income
earners. Having acquired the marital assets, on divorce the husband would retain them in a
marriage out of community of property. The wife would be left deskilled, financially
dependent, with little likelihood of receiving spousal maintenance and with no marital assets.
In 1984 the Matrimonial Property Act and in 1988 the Matrimonial Property Law Amendment
Act introduced a judicial discretion to equitably redistribute marital assets in certain
marriages out of community. This dissertation argues that the bases for the limitation of the
judicial discretion to women married before a certain date are unsound and that the limitation
arguably violates the equality clause of the Constitution.Law
LL.M.
Books on the topic "Substantive gender equity"
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Prasad, Purendra, Amar Jesani, and Sujata Patel, eds. Equity and Access. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199482160.001.0001.
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Equity and Access attempts to unravel the complex narrative of why inequities in the health sector are growing and access to basic health care is worsening, and the underlying forces that contribute to this situation. It draws attention to the way globalization has influenced India’s development trajectory as health care issues have assumed significant socio-economic and political significance in contemporary India. The volume explains how state and market forces have progressively heightened the iniquitous health care system and the process through which substantial burden of meeting health care needs has fallen on the individual households. Twenty-eight scholars comprising social scientists, medical experts, public health experts, policy makers, health activists, legal experts, and gender specialists have delved into the politics of access for different classes, castes, gender, and other categories to contribute to a new field of ‘health care studies’ in this volume. Adopting an interdisciplinary approach within a broader political-economy framework, the volume is useful for understanding power relations within social groups and complex organizational systems.
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Bergqvist, Christina. The Welfare State and Gender Equality. Edited by Jon Pierre. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199665679.013.3.
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In all welfare states there is a general pattern where women have more substantial care obligations than men. Women usually do more household work than men, including taking care of children and elderly relatives. However, the pattern takes different shapes according to how social arrangements and policies are constructed. Welfare state policies have an impact on how work and family commitments are combined, and thereby also affect gender equality. The Swedish welfare state has explicitly been designed with the goal to increase gender equality. In this individual earner-carer model women as well as men are encouraged and expected to be breadwinners as well as caregivers. The question is how far it has succeeded.
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Palmieri, Sonia. Gender-Sensitive Parliaments. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.215.
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While women have succeeded in promoting a feminist agenda in some parliaments, the international research shows that this is not always possible, and accordingly, not a realistic expectation for women. Parliaments, like any institution, have specific cultural norms and practices, some of which actively work against the advancement of gender equality. Understanding the conditions under which female—and male—parliamentarians might succeed in promoting gender equality outcomes has become an important avenue for research and development practice. The focus on gender-sensitive parliaments allows for a framework to identify, and encourage the development of, those conditions.There are four key elements of a gender-sensitive parliament. First, it accepts that the responsibility to achieve gender equality, both as a policy outcome and as a process, rests with the parliament as a whole (its male and female members and staff) and with the organizations that drive substantial policy, procedural, and normative development (political parties). Second, a gender-sensitive parliament is guided by institutional policies and legal frameworks, which allow the parliament to monitor its achievements toward gender equality and allow follow-up and review. Third, a gender-sensitive parliament institutionalizes a gender mainstreaming approach through its representational, legislative, and oversight work to ensure that all the parliament’s outputs consider, and counteract, any potential discrimination against women or men, girls or boys. This element requires a reconsideration of the process and structures of the parliament, including the respective roles and capacities of members and parliamentary staff. Fourth, a gender-sensitive parliament constantly strives to eliminate institutional cultures that sanction and perpetuate discriminatory, prejudicial norms and attitudes in the workplace against women members and staff.
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Manuel José Cepeda, Espinosa, and Landau David. Part Two Rights, 4 Equality. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780190640361.003.0004.
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This chapter reviews the Colombian Constitutional Court’s jurisprudence on equality. In accordance with the constitutional text, the Court has developed a substantive conception of equality, one that allows and even encourages special measures on behalf of historically disadvantaged groups. This case law is of particular importance given the historically stratified and unequal nature of Colombian society. This chapter reviews the Court’s jurisprudence legalizing same-sex marriage, allowing gender quotas on behalf of female public officials, and requiring that the Bogota authorities take steps to make the public transportation system handicapped-accessible. In all of these cases, the Court has taken steps toward the achievement of substantive equality on behalf of the historically disadvantaged.
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Ratna, Kapur. Part VII Rights—Substance and Content, Ch.41 Gender Equality. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198704898.003.0041.
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This chapter examines gender equality in post-colonial India, particularly some of the structural and normative factors that make it difficult for women to bring constitutional challenges in their fight for greater equality. It considers efforts at using law, especially constitutional equality rights, to challenge laws promoting sex discrimination in India, along with the use of fundamental rights to equality as guaranteed by Articles 14, 15, and 16 of the Indian Constitution to challenge legal rules and provisions believed to discriminate against women. The chapter describes two different approaches to equality and gender difference through which the constitutional guarantees can be understood: a formal approach and a substantive approach. It then explores how familial ideology has influenced the judiciary’s approach to gender difference and provides examples to illustrate the impact of fundamental rights challenges on the very familial and legal discourses that have constituted women as different and subordinate.
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del Guayo, Iñigo, Lee Godden, Donald D. Zillman, Milton Fernando Montoya, and José Juan González, eds. Energy Justice and Energy Law. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198860754.001.0001.
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Energy justice has emerged as a matter of vital concern in energy law, with resonances in the attention directed to energy poverty, and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. There are energy justice concerns in areas of law as diverse as human rights, consumer protection, international law and trade, and in many forms of regional and national energy law and regulation. The book covers main themes related to justice. Distributive justice, the equitable distribution of the benefits and burdens of energy activities, is challenged mainly by the existence of people suffering from energy poverty. This concept is also associated with substantive energy equity through such measures as the realization of ‘energy’ rights. There is also a procedural (or participation) justice, consisting in the right of all communities to participate in decision-making regarding energy projects and policies that affect them (this dimension of energy justice often includes procedural rights to information and access to courts). Under the concept of reparation (or restorative) justice, the book includes even-handed enforcement of energy statutes and regulations, as well as access to remedies when legal rights are violated. Finally, the idea of recognition or social justice means that energy injustice cannot be separated from other social ills, such as poverty and subordination based on caste, race, gender, or indigeneity, the need to take into account people who are often ignored. These issues are given specific momentum by thinking through how we might achieve a ‘just’ energy transition as the world faces the climate change challenges.
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Caldwell, Kia Lilly. Conclusion. University of Illinois Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040986.003.0008.
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This book has examined some of the key issues shaping efforts to achieve gender and racial health equity in Brazil. While Brazil continues to face a number of challenges in fully achieving health equity, it is important to recognize areas in which substantial progress has been achieved. During the 1990s, Brazil’s public health policies and the establishment of the Unified Health System (SUS) placed the country far ahead of many of its Latin American neighbors, as well as more economically developed countries, such as the United States. In addition, Brazil’s pioneering HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment initiatives and notable successes in curbing the HIV/AIDS epidemic have served as important models globally....
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Rubio-Marín, Ruth. Women’s Participation in the Public Domain Under Human Rights Law: Towards a Participatory Equality Paradigm Shift. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198829621.003.0003.
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This chapter explores how human rights law has contributed to the shift towards participatory gender equality by legitimating the adoption of quotas and parity mechanisms to ensure women’s equal participation in decision-making. Since the adoption of CEDAW, human rights law has moved away from formal equality notions that simply affirm women’s equal political rights. Instead, we see growing endorsement of substantive equality doctrines that validate the adoption of gender quotas, initially as temporary special measures to ensure women equal opportunities, and, more recently, as permanent measures targeting the gender-balanced composition of an ever-expanding range of public and private governance bodies. The chapter explores how human rights law connects this participatory turn to issues of pluralism, calling attention to the need for public bodies to represent the full diversity of the population, and calling on state parties to increase the participation of women from ethnic minorities, indigenous groups, and religious minorities.
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Schwindt-Bayer, Leslie A., and Santiago Alles. Women in Legislatures. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190851224.003.0004.
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Leslie A. Schwindt-Bayer and Santiago Alles argue that the influx of women into Latin American legislatures has been substantial, but once in office, women have struggled to attain full access to political power. They present a statistical analysis that shows that the main explanations for variation in women’s representation lie with gender quotas and party system fragmentation. They show that women in national legislatures have brought women’s issues to the legislative arena, and they provide a new analysis showing that female legislators are more supportive of liberal gender equality, abortion, and divorce laws. However, they argue that women have not gained access to diverse committee leadership posts or served in top chamber leadership posts to the same extent as men. Finally, they show that the presence of women in legislatures has had important effects on citizen support for female political leaders, political engagement and participation, and supportiveness of representative democracy.
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Hartley, Christie, and Lori Watson. Equal Citizenship and Public Reason. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190683023.001.0001.
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This book is a defense of political liberalism as a feminist liberalism. The first half of the book develops and defends a novel interpretation of political liberalism. It is argued that political liberals should accept a restrictive account of public reason and that political liberals’ account of public justification is superior to the leading alternative, the convergence account of public justification. In the second half of the book, it is argued that political liberalism’s core commitments restrict all reasonable conceptions of justice to those that secure genuine, substantive equality for women and other marginalized groups. Here it is demonstrated how public reason arguments can be used to support law and policy needed to address historical sites of women’s subordination to advance equality; prostitution, the gendered division of labor and marriage, in particular, are considered.
Book chapters on the topic "Substantive gender equity"
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Shah, Shaheen Ashraf. "Substantive Representation and Violence Against Women (VAW) in Pakistan." In Women, Political Struggles and Gender Equality in South Asia, 175–92. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137390578_11.
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France, Afiya. "Trinidad and Tobago’s Legal Response to Domestic Violence: Incomplete and Inadequate Without a Focus on Achieving Substantive Equality." In Gender and Domestic Violence in the Caribbean, 105–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73472-5_7.
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Yogman, Michael W., and Amelia M. Eppel. "The Role of Fathers in Child and Family Health." In Engaged Fatherhood for Men, Families and Gender Equality, 15–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75645-1_2.
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AbstractFathers’ involvement with their children has a substantial influence on both their children’s and their families’ health and development. Studied effects on child outcomes are reviewed within each phase of a child’s development (prenatal, infancy, childhood and adolescence). In addition, the impact of the physical and mental health of fathers on the health of their children is considered. This review advocates for policies enhancing father involvement, accessible and more extensive paternity leave, and increased attention to paternal postpartum depression by the medical community.
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Kotelchuck, Milton. "The Impact of Fatherhood on Men’s Health and Development." In Engaged Fatherhood for Men, Families and Gender Equality, 63–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75645-1_4.
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AbstractFatherhood has a direct and substantial impact on men’s physical, mental and social health, and sense of paternal generativity over their life course. This chapter, the second of a pair in this volume, explores the bidirectional impact of fatherhood on men’s health in the perinatal period. It pulls together a scattered fatherhood literature and articulates six broad pathways by which fatherhood could potentially impact on men’s health and development, both positively and negatively. This systematic exploration represents a new focus for the Maternal and Child Health (MCH) field, especially in addressing the perinatal time period, a time not usually thought of as impacting on men’s health. This chapter attempts to establish a firmer scientific knowledge base and rationale to support new, targeted perinatal fatherhood health programs, policies, and research. Hopefully, these will also further contribute to the growing efforts to expand men’s and women’s parental gender role expectations and equity, and enhance the parenting health and men’s health movements. Similar to the dual orientation of the women’s preconception health initiatives, earlier, healthier, and more actively engaged fatherhood should lead to both improved reproductive and infant health outcomes and men’s own improved health across the life course.
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Levy, Raymond A., and Milton Kotelchuck. "Fatherhood and Reproductive Health in the Antenatal Period: From Men’s Voices to Clinical Practice." In Engaged Fatherhood for Men, Families and Gender Equality, 111–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75645-1_6.
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AbstractThere is very limited literature on the experiences of fathers during Obstetric prenatal care (PNC), especially hearing from fathers’ voices directly. The MGH Fatherhood Project conducted two annual surveys—data combined for analysis—of all fathers who accompanied their partners to prenatal care visits over 2-week periods at a large, tertiary-care urban hospital in Boston, MA. The anonymous, voluntary close-ended survey was offered in multiple languages and self-administered on iPads.Results: Nine hundred fifty nine fathers participated, 86% of attending fathers, possibly making the study the largest research sample of fathers in PNC. Fathers are actively and deeply engaged with the impending birth; they have substantial physical health needs (obesity, family planning and lack of primary care), and mental health needs (stress, depressive symptoms, and personal isolation). Fathers perceived they were well treated during the PNC visit, but were desirous of more reproductive, relational, and infant health information and skills, which they preferred to receive from publications, social media, or health professionals; and they were very supportive of PNC fatherhood initiatives.Discussion: The results suggest five sets of practical recommendations to create a more father-friendly environment in Obstetric care-Staff Training; Father-Friendly Clinic Environment; Explicit Affirmation of Father Inclusion; Development of Educational Materials; and Specialized Father-Focused Health Initiatives, all with the goal of improving reproductive health outcomes for families.
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Fredman, Sandra. "Taxation as a Human Rights Issue." In Tax, Inequality, and Human Rights, 81–98. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190882228.003.0004.
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This chapter suggests a four-dimensional conception of substantive equality to evaluate the gendered impacts of taxation policies from a human rights perspective. The four-dimensional framework of substantive equality in relation to gender regards the right to equality as aiming to, first, redress disadvantage (the redistributive dimension); second, address stigma, stereotyping, prejudice, and hatred (the recognition dimension); third, facilitate participation and voice (the participative dimension); and, fourth, accommodate difference and transform gendered structures in society (the transformative dimension). This multidimensional conception of substantive equality functions as a valuable tool in evaluating taxation systems for their impact on gender. The chapter then looks at two particularly challenging aspects of taxation and gender: the role of care work, and the role of value-added tax (VAT) and other indirect taxes.
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Lomazzi, Vera, and Isabella Crespi. "Gender mainstreaming in Europe: legislation and cultural changes." In Gender Mainstreaming and Gender Equality in Europe, 31–46. Policy Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447317692.003.0003.
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The exploration of the development of the gender mainstreaming strategy and its effect on, European legislation concerning gender equality, from its beginnings to today is the aim of this chapter.The focus is on the role of the European Union in promoting substantive equality for men and women improving legislation in the European Union context and favouring a cultural change in the gender equality perspective. Gender mainstreaming is analysed as the main legislative and cultural shift done for promoting gender equality in all European policies. Gender mainstreaming legislation requires the adoption of a gender perspective by all the central actors in the policy process and, even considering its limits and blunders, and is still the most crucial transnational strategy currently in existence that promotes gender equality in all domains of social life. The legislation enquiries raised at the beginning of the gender mainstreaming implementation process in the EU around 1996 focused on the potential role of the EU in bridging the gap between formal and substantive equality, until nowadays and most recent guidelines, are the issues of the discussion in the chapter.
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Fredman, Sandra. "Women and education: the right to substantive equality." In Human Rights and Equality in Education, 99–110. Policy Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447337638.003.0007.
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This chapter studies the right to substantive equality in education. The right to equality demands much more than parity for girls and boys in education. Simply requiring parity ignores the specifically gendered way in which inequality in education manifests itself. Instead, it is argued that the principle of substantive equality should be the framework for evaluating progress towards equality in education. The meaning of substantive equality remains somewhat contested, with some focusing on dignity, others on equality of opportunity, and still others on equality of results. Instead of reducing substantive equality to a single principle, it should be regarded as having four interconnected dimensions: redressing disadvantage (distributive dimension); addressing stigma, stereotyping, prejudice, and violence (recognition dimension); facilitating participation (participative dimension); and accommodating difference and achieving structural change (transformative dimension).
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Fudge, Judy. "Gender, equality and capabilities*." In The Role of Labour Standards in Development. British Academy, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197264911.003.0004.
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This chapter considers the relationship between women's equality, care work, and sustainable development, and develops a conceptual framework that can be used to understand this complex relationship. The chapter is organized as follows. The second section briefly reviews the relationship between sustainable development, which includes the International Labour Organisation's (ILO) ‘Decent Work’ Agenda, and women's equality. It answers the question on what basis or dimension women's equality should be measured. Instead of assessing a range of potential answers, it focuses on Amartya Sen's notion of substantive freedom and his capabilities approach. The third section argues that women's equality, and especially the relationship between women's equality and responsibility for care work, illustrates both the promise of, and the limitations to, Sen's capabilities approach. The fourth section sketches some of the salient differences between paid and unpaid care work in the North and the South, which also considers the capacity of the ILO 2009 report, ‘Decent Work for Domestic Workers’, to respond to these differences. Drawing upon feminist scholars, the fifth section argues that, supplemented by a theory of choice, deliberative mechanisms, and a social theory of power, the capabilities approach can be a useful tool for conceptualising women's equality and for recognising the significance of socially necessary care work. The chapter concludes by suggesting that a robust capabilities approach designed to address gender inequality and to incorporate care work illuminates the limitations in the current approaches of antidiscrimination law for addressing women's inequality.
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Lomazzi, Vera, and Isabella Crespi. "Conclusions." In Gender Mainstreaming and Gender Equality in Europe, 145–52. Policy Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447317692.003.0008.
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This chapter points out strength and weak elements of the gender mainstreaming strategy. On the one hand it represents one of the few attempts of installing a transnational strategy for gender equality proposing shared values and standards.Such a strategy boosted the development of a formal recognition of gender equality rights in institutions, workplaces and individual opinions. However, itentailsalso controversial aspects. For example, it still faces missteps in the conceptualisation of gender equality, with relevant consequences in the achievement of results. Furthermore, gender-equality policies have been marginalised progressively in the past decade as a result of political and institutional choices implemented at the European level and today risk being even more overlooked by the political debates at the national level. The future of gender equality depends by the awareness that establishing a legal basis for it is only the first step of a broader process that, to be effective, needs to promote a substantial cultural change within political, economic and social institutions, as well as public opinion.