Relevant bibliographies by topics / Substances of photoinitiator system

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Academic literature on the topic 'Substances of photoinitiator system'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 28 June 2021
Last updated: 10 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Substances of photoinitiator system"

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Mielczarek, Jakub, Grzegorz Gazdowicz, Jakub Kramarz, Piotr Łątka, Marcin Krzykawski, Artur Miroszewski, Paweł Pieczarko, Renata Szczelina, Piotr Warchoł, and Sonia Wróbel. "A Prototype of a 3D Bioprinter." Solid State Phenomena 237 (August 2015): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.237.221.

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3D bioprinting is an innovative method of manufacturing three-dimensional tissue-like structures. The method is based on a layer-by-layer deposition of biocompatible materials successively forming a scaffold for living cells. The technology allows to fabricate complicated tissue morphology, including vascular-like networks. The range of potential applications of 3D bioprinting is immense: from drug testing, across regenerative medicine, to organ transplantation. In this paper, we describe a prototype of a 3D bioprinter utilizing gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) doped with a photoinitiator as the printing substance. Biological requirements for the material, its synthesis and application adequacy for the bioprinting process are discussed. Technical details of the mechanical construction of the bioprinter and its control system are presented
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Leonhardt, Stefan, Martin Klare, Maurice Scheer, Theresa Fischer, Burghard Cordes, and Markus Eblenkamp. "Biocompatibility of photopolymers for additive manufacturing." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 2, no. 1 (September 1, 2016): 113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2016-0028.

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AbstractTo establish photopolymers for the production of class II or class III medical products by additive manufacturing it is essential to know which components of photopolymeric systems, consisting of monomers, photoinitiators and additives, are the determining factors on their biocompatible properties. In this study the leachable substances of a cured photopolymeric system were eluted and identified by HPLC-MS detection. In addition the cured photopolymer was testes for cytotoxicity and genotoxicity according to DIN EN ISO 10993 for long time applications. The results showed that uncured residual monomers are the determining factor on the biocompatible properties of the photopolymeric system. Strategies to reduce these residual monomers in the cured photopolymer are presented.
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Zhang, Wan, Xian Fu Wei, Pei Qing Huang, and Chao Lu. "The Effect of Photoinitiator on UV Screen Printing Photochromic Ink’S Curing Performance." Advanced Materials Research 174 (December 2010): 433–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.174.433.

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UV screen printing Photochromic ink mainly includes pre-polymer, monomer, Photochromic materials, Photoinitiator, etc, and the curing process of ink is that under the irradiation of UV light source, the liquid substances with chemical reactivity are rapidly changed to the solid state, in this reaction process, Photoinitiator can promote the advancement of reaction, therefore, Photoinitiator directly affect the curing performance of inks. The inks are respectively prepared by changing the quantity and type of Photoinitiator, and the curing speeds are tested. The result shows when the quantity of Photoinitiator is 10%, the curing performance of ink is the best. In addition, the formulation experiment is made by selecting three Photoinitiators with best curing performance. The result indicates that compared to other formulations, the ink can obtain the biggest curing speed only by Photoinitiator 907, and the optimal curing speed is 68m/min under curing power 100w/cm.
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TOBA, Yasumasa. "Design of Photoinitiator System with Onium Berates." KOBUNSHI RONBUNSHU 59, no. 8 (2002): 449–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/koron.59.449.

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Bertolo, Marcus Vinicius Loureiro, Rita de Cássia Martins Moraes, Carmem Pfeifer, Vinícius Esteves Salgado, Ana Rosa Costa Correr, and Luis Felipe J. Schneider. "Influence of Photoinitiator System on Physical-Chemical Properties of Experimental Self-Adhesive Composites." Brazilian Dental Journal 28, no. 1 (February 2017): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201700841.

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Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the influence of photoinitiator systems on physical-chemical properties of flowable composites. Conventional (CFC), composed by bisphenol-glycidyl dimethacrylate (BisGMA)+triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), and self-adhesive (SAFC), composed by BisGMA+TEDGMA+bis{2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyl} phosphate (2MP), flowable composites were developed. Five photoinitiator systems were tested: camphorquinone (CQ), ethyl-4-dimethylaminobenzoate (EDMAB), diphenyl(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide (TPO), phenylbis (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide (BAPO), CQ+EDMAB+TPO and CQ+EDMAB+BAPO. A two-peak LED was used; degree of conversion (DC) and the maximum polymerization rate (RPmax) were determined by near infrared spectroscopy. For the yellowing degree a spectrophotometer was used. Water sorption (Wsp) was obtained after 30 days of water storage (n=5). Data were submitted to two-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s test (a=0.05). BAPO presented the highest DC and RPmax values for both series. SAFCs presented lower DC and RPmax for CQ+EDMAB-based materials. Greater yellowing was observed for SAFCs compared with CFCs, except for BAPO. Greater Wsp was observed for SAFCs compared with CFCs. The photoinitiator did not influence Wsp for CFCs, but TPO and BAPO presented the highest Wsp in SAFCs. The photoinitiator system affected differently the physical-chemical properties of CFCs and SAFCs.
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Barcelos, L. M., M. G. Borges, C. J. Soares, M. S. Menezes, A. P. P. Fugolin, A. Dobson, V. Huynh, and C. S. Pfeifer. "Effect of photoinitiator system on polymerization of methacrylamides." Dental Materials 34 (2018): e136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2018.08.279.

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Huang, Yi, Guangdong Sun, Yating Ji, Dapeng Li, Qinguo Fan, and Jianzhong Shao. "Optimization and evaluation of a blue light photoinitiating system for textile inkjet printing." Textile Research Journal 89, no. 10 (June 22, 2018): 1964–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517518783346.

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A blue light curing process was developed to solve the nozzle clogging challenge commonly encountered in conventional textile pigment printing, by using camphorquinone (CQ) and ethyl-4-dimethylaminobenzoate (EDMAB) as a photoinitiator combination and substituting oligomers and monomers for a polymeric binder. High light absorption efficiency was insured by closely matching the spectrum of the photoinitiator with a custom-made blue light light-emitting diode set-up. Kinetic analyses of such a CQ/EDMAB system indicated that the maximum polymerization rate of the monomer was proportional to [PI]0.5 and [I0]0.5, while excessive high photoinitiator concentration (>1 wt%) will decrease the polymerization rate because of the “filter effect.” With optimized blue light curable pigment ink formula and irradiation conditions, the photocurable pigment printed fabrics exhibited uniform and vibrant colors, clear outlines, and excellent wet and dry rubbing fastness of grades 4 and 4–5, respectively.
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Lee, Jim H., Robert K. Prud'homme, and Ilhan A. Aksay. "Cure depth in photopolymerization: Experiments and theory." Journal of Materials Research 16, no. 12 (December 2001): 3536–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2001.0485.

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The depth of photocuring for a model resin system was investigated as a function of photoinitiator concentration. Direct measurements of gel thickness were made from thin films of cross-linked multifunctional methacrylate monomer. The monomer, 2,2-bis{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(methacryloxy)propoxy]phenyl}propane, was polymerized in a solution of trichloroethylene with an ultraviolet laser light source at 325 nm. The monomer solutions were photocured using varying levels of both photonic energy and photoinitiator concentration. An optimal photoinitiator concentration that maximized the gel cure depth was observed. Additionally, two regimes were shown to exist in which the shrinkage (upon solvent removal) was minimized or maximized. A model was developed to probe the physics of the system. Good agreement with experiment was obtained, and the model may be employed to predict both the existence and location of the optimal photoinitiator concentration and the corresponding cure depth. The study showed that photoinitiator plays a significant role in controlling the quality and performance of the formed gel network, with special regard to thickness of cured layers. This has potential application to fields as diverse as industrially cured coatings and dental fillings, and more generally, 3-dimensional rapid prototyping techniques.
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Wang, Wan Hui, and Ji Hu. "Study on the UV Photosensitive of Hexaarylbiimidazole Photoinitiator System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 236-237 (November 2012): 771–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.236-237.771.

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2-chlorohexaarylbiimidazole; sensitizer; hydrogen donor; deeper layer’s curing speed Abstract.The ultraviolet photosensitive initiating system is composed of hexaarylbiimidazole (BCIM), sensitizer and hydrogen donor coinitiator. The effect of sensitizer and hydrogen donor on the curing speed, especially on the deeper layer’s curing speed of ink was studied. The experimental results shown that the deeper layer’s curing speed of the ink system mainly depend on the type and the amount of the sensitizer and the hydrogen donor. The amount of the total initiators in the ink formulation is optimized. This hexaarylbiimidazole initiating system is promisingly useful in silk-screening ink and “green ink” for printing circuit board
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Lee, Suk Kyu, and D. C. Neckers. "Two-photon radical-photoinitiator system based on iodinated benzospiropyrans." Chemistry of Materials 3, no. 5 (September 1991): 858–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm00017a022.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Substances of photoinitiator system"

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Fučík, Jan. "Analýza látek uvolněných z kompozitního zubního materiálu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-444545.

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This master's thesis deals with a present problem of alternative dental fillings, which should replace amalgam fillings. Although there are health concerns about these alternative materials, especially resin composite fillings raise concerns, because they release potentionally harmful substances into the oral cavity. Accordingly even this medical device subjects various tests before releasing to the commercial market and one of these tests was carried out according to ČSN EN ISO 10993 and available scientific literature in the experimental part of this thesis. The amalgam controversy, substances used for manufacturing of resin dental fillings and analytical methods are described in the theoretical part of the thesis. In the experimental part of the thesis, 30 days long cumulative extraction experiments were carried out into various extraction mediums in order to assess suitability of new dental resin filling from ADM, a.s. by comparison with commercially available dental material from company GC EUROPE N.V. These samples were analysed by LC-MS and the amount of eluted substances from dental composites to extraction medium was quantified.
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Thomas, Carolyn L. "Development of a test system for screening toxic substances: a comparison using organic substances." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49941.

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The purpose of this research was to develop a test system for screening toxic substances by predicting their aquatic ecosystem effects. The system studied was a static, one liter microcosm with a diverse species assemblage. Teh microcosm was composed of biotic inoculum, chemically defined medium and sediment. The biotic inoculum cotained primary producers, grazers, carnivores and decomposers. The chemical medium used was Taub #82 modified by adding sodium bicarbonate. Three different types of sediment were studied: sand, clay and clay plus sand. Four organic chemicals: phenol, triethylene glycol (TEG), quinoline and naphtoquinone were evaluated with this test system. The toxicities of TEG, quinoline and naphthoquinone were compared for each sediment type. Toxicity was evluated in terms of the chemicals' effects on primary productivity and heterotrophic activity though other effects are also noted. The toxicity of the chemicals in this study was compared to those from other toxicological evaluations based on threshhold toxicity values (EC20 and LC50). The screening test sytem evaluated in this study did not demonstrate significanly different threshhold toxicity values than the other screening systems to which it was compared. The ranking of the toxicants based on EC20 values was different for the two ecosystem properties, net production and heterotrophic activity. Naphthoquinone concentration exhibited no correlation between ecosystems property values and therefore, could not be ranked. Phenol exhibited the greatest toxicity to net production immediately after the toxicant addition. Quinoline was most toxic to net production over the longer time scale. TEG exhibited the least toxicity to net production, however, TEG exhibited higher toxicity to heterotrophic activity than either quinoline or phenol. Although the type of sediment used in the nicrocosms did not change the relative toxicities of the chemicals, the microcosms with clay sediment always were observed to exhibit lower net production and higher variability. Nonparametric statistical analyses are recommended for microcosm studies because of the lack of normally distributed data. Confidence limits of 80% are recommended because of the need for biologically conservative estimates of ecosystem toxicity.
Ph. D.
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Kim, Sigon. "Development of risk assessment decision support system for hazardous materials movement." Diss., This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08232007-112012/.

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Schaub, Kellie M. "The effect of a novel photoinitiator system (RAP) on dental resin composite's flexural strength, polymerization stress, and degree of conversion." Connect to resource online, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/2080.

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Thesis (M.S.D.)--Indiana University School of Dentistry, 2009.
Title from PDF t. p. (viewed Feb. 9, 2010) Advisor(s): Jeffrey A. Platt, Chair of the Research Committee, Carl J. Andres, Suteena Hovijitra, David Brown, John A. Levon. Curriculum vitae. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 56-59).
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Fetzer, Molly M. "Comparative risk assessment of a cylinder handling system and a bulk liquid distribution system for Trichlorosilane." Online version, 1998. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/1998/1998fetzerm.pdf.

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Jiang, Yucheng, and 姜昱丞. "Magnetoresistance, photoconductivity and strain effect in the system of magnetically doped amorphous carbon." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/208021.

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Jimoh, Taobat Adekilekun. "Water quality, biomass and extracellular polymeric substances in an integrated algae pond system." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/57307.

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Integrated algae pond systems (IAPS) combine the use of anaerobic and aerobic bioprocesses to effect wastewater treatment. Although, IAPS as a technology process offers many advantages including efficient and simultaneous N and P removal, no requirement for additional chemicals, O2 generation, CO2 mitigation, and a biomass with potential for valorization, a lack of technological advancement and the need for large land area, has limited the reach of this technology at industrial scale. In mitigation, peroxonation was introduced as a tertiary treatment unit and its effect on COD and TSS of IAPS treated water investigated. An effort was made to characterize the soluble but persistent COD in IAPS treated water and, productivity of the HRAOP mixed liquor was investigated to gain insight into the potential use of this biomass. Results show that peroxone treatment effectively reduced COD, TSS, and nutrient load of IAPS water without any significant impact on land area requirement. Indeed, summary data describing the effect of peroxone on quality of IAPS-treated water confirmed that it complies with the general limit values for either irrigation or discharge into a water resource that is not a listed water resource for volumes up to 2 ML of treated wastewater on any given day. Extraction followed by FT-IR spectroscopy was used to confirm albeit tentatively, the identity of the soluble but persistent COD in IAPS treated water as MaB-floc EPS. Results show that MaB-flocs from HRAOPs are assemblages of microorganisms produced as discrete aggregates as a result of microbial EPS production. A relationship between photosynthesis and EPS production was established by quantification of the EPS following exposure of MaB-flocs to either continuous light or darkness. Several novel strains of bacteria were isolated from HRAOP mixed liquor and 16S ribosomal genomic sequence analysis resulted in the molecular characterization of Planococcus maitriensis strain ECCN 45b. This is the first report of Planococcus maitriensis from a wastewater treatment process. Productivity and change in MaB-flocs concentration, measured as mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) between morning and evening were monitored and revealed that MLSS is composed of microalgae and bacteria but not fungi. Concentration varied from 77 mg L-1 in September (winter) to 285 mg L-1 in November (spring); pond productivity increased from 5.8 g m-2 d-1 (winter) to 21.5 g m-2 d-1 (spring); and, irrespective of MLSS concentration in late afternoon, approximately 39% was lost overnight, which presumably occurred due to passive removal by the algae settling pond. The outcomes of this research are discussed in terms of the quality of treated water, and the further development of IAPS as a platform technology for establishing a biorefinery within the wastewater treatment sector.
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Grohmann, Caio Vinícius Signorelli 1987. "Influence of different concentration of photoinitiator system on the properties of experimental resin composites = Influência de diferentes concentrações do sistema fotoiniciador nas propriedades de compósitos experimentais." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/288132.

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Orientador: Mário Alexandre Coelho Sinhoreti
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T12:31:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Grohmann_CaioViniciusSignorelli_M.pdf: 1289626 bytes, checksum: 3364946c62d131765f918bfae157fa67 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
Resumo: O objetivo neste estudo foi determinar a influência da concentração e proporção de canforoquinona (CQ) e etil-dimetilaminobenzoato (amina terciária - DABE) em propriedades de compósitos microhíbridos experimentais. Foram testados o Grau de Conversão (GC), Amarelamento (AM), Módulo de Elasticidade (ME), Resistência à Flexão (RF), Sorção de Água (SO) e Solubilidade (SL). Para tanto, 10 compósitos experimentais com a mesma composição monomérica (Bis-GMA, UDMA, BisEMA e TEGDMA) foram manipulados, variando-se apenas as concentrações e proporções de CQ/DABE (% em peso): 0,4/0,4 (C1); 0,4/0,8 (C2); 0,6/0,6 (C3); 0,6/1,2 (C4); 0,8/0,8 (C5); 0,8/1,6 (C6); 1/1 (C7); 1/2 (C8); 1,5/1,5 (C9) e 1,5/3 (C10). Para o ensaio de GC, 8 espécimes de cada material foram confeccionados, a partir de uma matriz de silicone em forma de barra (comprimento = 7 mm; largura = 2mm e espessura = 1mm), os quais foram fotoativados com um aparelho LED (Radii Cal, SDI, 800 mW/cm2), durante 20 segundos. Após 24 horas, o GC foi analisado por Espectroscopia de Infravermelho Transformada de Fourier (FTIR). Posteriormente, as mesmas amostras foram submetidas ao ensaio de flexão de 3 pontos em máquina de ensaio universal (Instron), e a RF e ME calculados. Para os testes de AM, SO e SL, foi utilizada uma matriz de silicone cilíndrica (diâmetro = 6 mm e espessura = 0,5 mm), e confeccionadas 5 amostras de cada material para cada teste. Todas as amostras foram armazenadas em estufa a 37º C, até que fossem submetidas aos seus respectivos testes. O AM foi mensurado após 24 horas de armazenamento em água, utilizando o espectrofotômetro Chroma Meter CR-400 (Konica Minolta). A análise se baseou no eixo b* (+b = amarelo; -b = azul). Para os testes de SO e SL, as amostras foram dissecadas por 1 semana e pesadas diariamente até que a variação máxima de massa fosse de 0,0001 g de um dia para o outro, obtendo m1. Para obter m2, as amostras foram armazenadas em água por 1 semana e pesadas novamente, uma única vez. Por último, m3 foram obtidas do mesmo modo em que m1, após recondicionamento das amostras. Para o cálculo foram utilizadas as fórmulas: SO = (m2-m3) / V e SL = (m1-m3) / V. Após os testes, os dados foram submetidos ao ANOVA one-way e teste Tukey (5%). As diferentes concentrações e proporções de CQ e DABE não alteraram significativamente as propriedades de RF e SO. Por outro lado, o GC foi influenciado positivamente, seguindo a ordem crescente da concentração CQ/DABE (C1 a C10). A SL foi inversamente proporcional à concentração do sistema CQ/DABE. Já relacionado ao ME, observou-se valores diretamente proporcionais à porcentagem em volume de CQ/DABE. Os compósitos 9 e 10, com maiores concentrações de CQ, apresentaram maior AM, comparados aos demais. Pode-se concluir que as altas concentrações de CQ/DABE levaram às melhores propriedades, porém ao maior AM. O aumento na proporção do co-iniciador (DABE) não influenciou nas propriedades de todas as formulações experimentais
Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the influence of the concentration and ratio of camphorquinone (CQ) and ethyl-dimethylaminobenzoic (tertiary amine - DABE) on properties of microhybrids experimental composites. It was tested Degree of Conversion (DC), Yellowing (YL), Elastic Modulus (EM), Flexural Strength (FS), Water Sorption (WSP) and Solubility (SL). For this, 10 experimental composites with the same monomer composition (Bis-GMA, UDMA, BisEMA and TEGDMA) were manipulated by varying the concentration and ratio of CQ / DABE (wt%): 0.4 / 0.4 (C1); 0.4 / 0.8 (C2); 0.6 / 0.6 (C3); 0.6 / 1.2 (C4); 0.8 / 0.8 (C5); 0. 8 / 1. 6 (C6); 1 / 1 (C7); 1 / 2 (C8); 1.5 / 1.5 (C9); 1.5 / 3 (C10). For DC testing, 8 specimens of each material were prepared from a matrix of silicone-shaped bar (length = 7 mm, width = 2 mm and thickness = 1mm), which were photoactivated with one LED unit (Radii Cal, SDI, 800 mW/cm²) for 20 seconds . After 24 hours, the DC was analyzed by Infrared Fourier Transformed (FTIR). Subsequently, the same samples were subjected to bending test of three points on a universal testing machine (Instron), and the FS and EM calculated. For testing of YL, WSP and SL was used an array of cylindrical silicon (diameter = 6 mm and thickness = 0.5 mm), and made 5 samples of each material for each test. All samples were stored at 37 º C until they were subjected to their respective tests. The YL was measured after 24 hours of storage in water using the spectrophotometer Chroma Meter CR-400 (Konica Minolta). The analysis was based on the axis b * (+ b = yellow,-b = blue). For testing WSP and SL, the samples were dissected for 1 week and weighed daily until the maximum variation in weight was 0.0001 g of an overnight, obtaining m1. For m2, the samples were stored in water for 1 week and weighed once again. Finally, m3 were obtained in the same manner in which m1, after reconditioning of samples. For the calculation, were used: WSP = (m2-m3) / V and SL = (m1-m3) / V. After the tests, the data were subjected to one-way ANOVA and Tukey test (5%). The different concentration and ratio of CQ and DABE not significantly altered the properties of FS and WSP. Moreover, the DC was influenced positively in the order of increasing concentration of CQ / DABE (C1 to C10). The SL was inversely proportional to the concentration of the system CQ / DABE. Related to EM, was observed values directly proportional to the percentage by volume of CQ / DABE. The composites 9 and 10, with higher concentration of CQ showed higher YL, compared to the others. It can be concluded that high concentrations of CQ / DABE took the best properties, but the larger YL. The increase in the proportion of co-initiator (DABE) did not affect the properties of all experimental formulations
Mestrado
Materiais Dentarios
Mestre em Materiais Dentários
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Nikzad, Nadia. "Optimisation of a small-scale ultrafiltration system for separation of humic substances from surface water." Thesis, KTH, Kemiteknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-298358.

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Norrvatten är den fjärde största dricksvattenproducenten i Sverige. De producerar och distribuerar dricksvatten till 14 kommuner norr om Stockholm. Norrvatten har under en tid studerat alternativa processer för att optimera och öka produktionskapaciteten och effektiviteten i deras dricksvattenreningsverk vid Görvälnverket.  I detta projekt har en pilotanläggning använts för att studera och optimera ett hybridprocessteg bestående av ett koagulerings- och ultrafiltreringssteg med syfte att avlägsna humusämnen från ytvatten. Effekten av pH, reaktionstid och olika matarvattenkvaliteter (Görväln, Fyrisån och sandfiltrat) analyserades genom en serie experiment utförda med pilotanläggningen. Den mest optimala placeringen av ett eventuellt ultrafiltreringssteg i reningsprocessen studerades även.   Resultaten från experimenten påvisade att pH mellan 6.1 och 6.7 inte hade någon effekt på reningen av fDOM. Mer signifikanta skillnader i rening kunde observeras mellan de olika koaguleringsdoserna, vilket indikerar att denna parameter är viktigare än pH. Reaktionstiden hade ingen märkbar effekt på anläggningens reningseffektivitet. Däremot ökade transmembrantrycket tio gånger snabbare under experimenten med den kortare reaktionstiden. Dessa resultat antyder att de bildade flocken var mindre och därmed blev mer tätt packade i ultrafiltret vilket i sin tur lett till det snabbt ökande trycket i membranet. En avskiljning av minst 50 %, men inte mer än 60 %, av det ingående fDOM kunde uppnås med alla matarvatten utom sandfiltratet, som hade en reningseffektivitet på 18 %. Vattnet från Fyrisån visade sig vara en utmaning för anläggningen att hantera, då trycket snabbt byggdes upp i membranet vilket tyder på att anläggningen inte klarar för starkt förorenade vatten. Resultaten från sandfiltratexperimenten visade att ett ultrafiltreringssteg efter sandfiltren skulle kunna vara en möjlig placering av ultrafiltren. Ytterligare studier krävs dock för att med säkerhet kunna bestämma den mest optimala placeringen.   Sammanfattningsvis visar resultaten från experimenten lovande tecken på att en ultrafiltreringsprocess är ett möjligt alternativ för att öka Norrvattens dricksvattenreningsverks effektivitet och kapacitet.
Norrvatten is the fourth largest drinking water producer in Sweden. They produce and distribute drinking water to 14 municipalities north of Stockholm. For some time, Norrvatten has studied alternative processes in order to optimise and increase the production capacity and efficiency of their drinking water treatment plant at Görvälnverket.   In this project, a small-scale pilot plant has been used to study and optimise a coagulation and ultrafiltration hybrid process step in order to remove humic substances from surface water. The effect of pH, reaction time, and different feed water qualities (Görväln, Fyrisån and Görväln full scale sand filtrate) were analysed through a series of experiments performed with the pilot plant. The most optimal placement of an eventual ultrafiltration step was also studied.  The results from the experiments suggested that pH in the range 6.1 to 6.7 had no large effect on the removal efficiency of fluorescent dissolved organic matter (fDOM). Instead, differences in removal efficiency could be observed between coagulant dosages which indicates that this parameter is of more importance than pH. At higher pH (> 7) removal was significantly lower. The reaction time had no effect on the removal efficiency of the plant. However, the transmembrane pressure increased ten times faster during the experiments with a shorter reaction time. These results suggested that the floc formed were smaller and thereby more tightly packed in the ultrafilter which in turn increased the pressure in the membrane. An fDOM removal of at least 50 %, though no more than 60 %, was achieved with all feed waters except for the sand filtrate which had a removal efficiency of 18 %. However, highly concentrated humic waters such as Fyrisån proved to be challenging for the plant to handle since the pressure built up rather quickly in the membrane. The sand filtrate feed water experiments indicated that an ultrafiltration step after a sand filtration process would be effective. However, further studies are required to be able to determine the most optimal placement of the ultrafiltration process.  In conclusion, the results achieved with the pilot plant show promising signs of an ultrafiltration process being a viable alternative for Norrvatten to increase their drinking water treatment plant’s efficiency and capacity.
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Hermansson, Alexandra. "Effects on the reproductive system in domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus) after embryonic exposure to estrogenic substances /." Uppsala : Dept. of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2007. http://epsilon.slu.se/200720.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Substances of photoinitiator system"

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Vasodilator substances of the tissues. Cambridge [Cambridgeshire]: Cambridge University Press, 1986.

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Mokhtar, Mazlin b. Toward a Malaysian system for managing chemicals: In the eye of the stakeholder. Edited by Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Institut Alam Sekitar dan Pembangunan. Bangi: Institute for Environment and Development, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 2009.

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Raymond, Dionne J. Louisiana hazardous substances emergency events surveillance (HSEES) system: 2001: a summary report. [Baton Rouge, La.]: Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals, Office of Public Health, Section of Environmental Epidemiology and Toxicology, 2003.

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Colorado. Hazardous Materials and Waste Management Division. Colorado Hazardous Substances Emergency Event Surveillance System cumulative report, 1993-1997. Denver, Colo: Colorado Dept. of Public Health and Environment, Hazardous Materials and Waste Management Division, 1999.

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Endothelial vasoactive substances and cardiovascular disease. Basel: Karger, 1988.

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Colorado. Hazardous Materials and Waste Management Division. Colorado Hazardous Substances Emergency Event Surveillance System: Adams County analysis, 1993-1997. Denver, Colo: Colorado Dept. of Public Health and Environment, Hazardous Materials and Waste Management Division, 1999.

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Globally harmonized system of classification and labelling of chemicals (GHS). 4th ed. New York: United Nations, 2011.

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Fred, Lembeck, ed. The chemical languages of the nervous system: History of scientists and substances. Basel: Karger, 2006.

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Guard, United States Coast. Chemical hazards response information system: Hazardous chemical data manual : commandant instruction 16465.12C. [Washington]: Dept. of Transportation, Coast Guard, 1998.

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Brockway, Robert. Everything is going to kill everybody: The terrifyingly real ways the world wants you dead. New York: Three Rivers Press, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Substances of photoinitiator system"

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Ebinghaus, R., and R. D. Wilken. "Mercury Distribution and Speciation in a Polluted Fluvial System." In Sediments and Toxic Substances, 215–44. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79890-0_9.

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Medford, J. I., J. A. Winter, and H. J. Klee. "Construction of a System for Regulated Alterations of Endogenous Cytokinins." In Plant Growth Substances 1988, 186–91. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74545-4_22.

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Darvas, Ferenc. "Metabolexpert: An Expert System for Predicting Metabolism of Substances." In QSAR in Environmental Toxicology - II, 71–81. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3937-0_7.

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Udoratina, Elena V., and Michael A. Torlopov. "Structural and Chemical Modification Of Cellulose in Phosphotungstic Acid-Formic Acid System and Sulfation Prepared Derivatives." In Chemistry and Technology of Plant Substances, 75–91. Toronto; New Jersey : Apple Academic Press, 2017.: Apple Academic Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315207469-4.

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Barnes, J. M. "Effects of Some Poisonous Substances on the Central Nervous System." In Ciba Foundation Symposium - Animal Behaviour and Drug Action, 163–74. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470719329.ch10.

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Nielsen, J. B., T. Gudmundsson, and H. Bach. "An Integrated Emergency Management System for Spills of Chemical Substances." In The European Oil and Gas Conference, 228–36. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9844-1_34.

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Dykes, Robert W., Nicole Tremblay, and Richard Warren. "Neuromodulatory Substances, Somatosensory Cortical Neuronal Responsiveness and Long-term Changes in Neuronal Excitability." In Information Processing in the Somatosensory System, 245–63. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11597-6_18.

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Jones, Roger I. "The influence of humic substances on lacustrine planktonic food chains." In Dissolved Organic Matter in Lacustrine Ecosystems: Energy Source and System Regulator, 73–91. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2474-4_6.

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Hirnle, Peter. "Targeted Introduction of Substances into the Lymph Nodes for Endolymphatic Therapy." In Cancer Metastasis And The Lymphovascular System: Basis For Rational Therapy, 101–18. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-69219-7_8.

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Haan, H. "Impacts of environmental changes on the biogeochemistry of aquatic humic substances." In Dissolved Organic Matter in Lacustrine Ecosystems: Energy Source and System Regulator, 59–71. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2474-4_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Substances of photoinitiator system"

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Morlet-Savary, Fabrice, Jean-Pierre Fouassier, K. Yamashita, and S. Imahashi. "Three-component visible photoinitiator: system based on dye/iron arene complex/amine for imaging applications." In SPIE's 1996 International Symposium on Optical Science, Engineering, and Instrumentation, edited by Roger A. Lessard. SPIE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.251829.

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Matsubara, Osamu, Zhiheng Jiang, Shigeki Toyama, Matteo Pardo, and Giorgio Sberveglieri. "Sampling Odor Substances by Mist-Cyclone System." In OLFACTION AND ELECTRONIC NOSE: Proceedings of the 13th International Symposium on Olfaction and Electronic Nose. AIP, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3156539.

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Endo, Mitsuru, Mai Endo, and Takao Kakizaki. "Road surface washing system for decontaminating radioactive substances." In 2014 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS 2014). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iros.2014.6942822.

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Blaya, S., P. Acebal, L. Carretero, R. F. Madrigal, A. Murciano, and A. Fimia. "Analysis of the effect modification of the photoinitiator system in pyrromethene-HEMA based photopolymerizable holographic recording materials." In SPIE Optics + Optoelectronics, edited by Miroslav Hrabovský, Miroslav Miler, and John T. Sheridan. SPIE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.886947.

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Zak, Jaromir, and Jaromir Hubalek. "Electronic system for mass screening of toxic substances in environment." In 2010 33rd International Spring Seminar on Electronics Technology (ISSE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isse.2010.5547348.

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Tepic, Goran, Nemanja Tasic, Milos Jovanovic, Ugljesa Marjanovic, and Bojan Lalic. "Assessment and risk management in the system of dangerous substances." In The 5th Electronic International Interdisciplinary Conference. Publishing Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18638/eiic.2016.5.1.505.

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Munk, Jens K., Ole T. Buus, Jan Larsen, Eleftheria Dossi, Sol Tatlow, Lina Lässig, Lars Sandström, and Mogens H. Jakobsen. "CRIM-TRACK: sensor system for detection of criminal chemical substances." In SPIE Security + Defence, edited by Douglas Burgess, Gari Owen, Harbinder Rana, Roberto Zamboni, François Kajzar, and Attila A. Szep. SPIE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2194915.

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Praisler, Mirela, Stefanut Ciochina, and Marian Coman. "Hunting for illicit psychoactive substances and precursors: A multivariate approach." In 2017 21st International Conference on System Theory, Control and Computing (ICSTCC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icstcc.2017.8107042.

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Prochazkova, Dana, Jan Prochazka, Zdenko Prochazka, Hana Patakova, and Veronika Strymplova. "System approach to study of traffic accidents with hazardous substances presence." In 2015 Smart Cities Symposium Prague (SCSP). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/scsp.2015.7181553.

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Gao, Jinhe, Guozheng Rao, Li Zhang, and Yangzi Zhong. "PSPS: A pharmacological substances prediction system based on biomedical literature data." In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Healthcare Informatics (ICHI). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ichi.2019.8904486.

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Reports on the topic "Substances of photoinitiator system"

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Swientoniewski M.D. K-1435 Wastewater Treatment System for the Toxic Substances Control Act Incinerator Wastewater at the East Tennessee Technology Park, Oak Ridge, TN. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/969804.

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Medina, Victor, Scott Waisner, Jose Mattei-Sosa, Edith Martinez-Guerra, Christopher Griggs, Jacob Lalley, David Henderson, Lee Moores, and Brenda Prager. Simulated field evaluation of the Decontamination Effluent Treatment System (DETS) for wash water from Mass Personnel Decontamination (MPD), road test, and evaluation treating Perfluorinated Alkyl Substances (PFAS). Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), July 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/333411.

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Medina, Victor, Scott Waisner, Jose Mattei-Sosa, Edith Martinez-Guerra, Christopher Griggs, Jacob Lalley, David Henderson, Lee Moores, and Brenda Prager. Simulated field evaluation of the Decontamination Effluent Treatment System (DETS) for wash water from Mass Personnel Decontamination (MPD), road test, and evaluation treating Perfluorinated Alkyl Substances (PFAS). Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), July 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/33411.

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