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Al’tshuler, L. V., R. I. Il’kaev, and V. E. Fortov. "Use of powerful shock and detonation waves to study extreme states of matter*." Physics-Uspekhi 64, no. 11 (February 1, 2022): 1167–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3367/ufne.2021.09.039092.
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Abstract This article is written on the basis of a report given 10 January 2003 at the International Scientific Conference, The Nuclear Age: Science and Society, dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the birth of Igor’Vasil’evich Kurchatov. It presents the results of work on the experimental study of substance properties under high pressure shock waves, briefly describes the use of super-strong magnetic fields for the study of substances at high pressure, presents the results of computational and theoretical research methods, and presents some results of studies of substance properties using liner systems in high-power pulsed electrophysical facilities (VNIIEF disk explosion-magnetic generators and USA Pegasus and ATLAS capacitor banks).
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Novikova, A. V., N. G. Pravdyuk, and N. A. Shostak. "Cellular and molecular aspects of degenerative disc disease and potential strategies of biological therapy." Clinician 14, no. 1-2 (May 8, 2020): 42–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17650/1818-8338-2020-14-1-2-42-54.
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Back pain is one of the main global health problems with a high level of prevalence and patients’ disability. In most cases, it is associated with degenerative spine damage (degenerative disc disease), dorsopathy, discopathy (M51 and M53 according to the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision), affecting all levels of the intervertebral disc (IVD) (cytological, chemical and biochemical) as a whole as well as biological molecules that regulate homeostasis of the disc intercellular substance (growth factors, pro-inflammatory cytokines, enzymes). A key point in IVD dehydration is that catabolic processes predominate over anabolic ones due to changed gene expression in the corresponding biologically active molecules, disc angiogenesis and neoinnervation of the structures of the fibrous ring and pulpous nucleus. The latter is responsible for chronic pain in patients.Cells supporting homeostasis in nucleus pulpous, chondrocytes, continuously synthesize and restore proteoglycans and hyaluronic acid in nucleus pulpous, restoring shock-absorbing functions of the vertebral-motor segment. Decreased activity and death of chondrocytes in the avascular disc structure is a serious problem for reparative medicine. In accordance with IVD molecular-cellular mechanisms, numerous approaches to treat degenerative disc disease are being developed, each of which, influencing one of the links in the pathogenesis, has a direct or indirect effect on IVD repair.The article describes morphology, pathogenesis and genetics of degenerative disc disease, as well as main modern strategies of biological therapy: tissue engineering, biologically active substances locally used in IVD matrix, including PRP therapy (Platelet Rich Plasma therapy), methods of gene (using the viral vector) and cell therapy, as well as experience in the local use of genetically engineered biological products. Most successful studies are a combination of cell and gene therapy with the use of synthesized matrices.
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Jovanovic, Predrag, Paraskeva Hentova-Sencanic, Lepsa Zoric, Maja Petrovic, and Marija Trenkic-Bozinovic. "Unilatelaral iris plateau syndrome after the use of ecstasy." Vojnosanitetski pregled 66, no. 6 (2009): 487–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp0906487j.
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Bacground. Courmon street name for 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is ecstasy. This widely abused 'recreational' drug causes both an increased release of monoamine neurotransmitters, including serotonine and dopamine, and an increased reuptake inhibition of serotonin. As a consequence, mydriasis and increased intraocular pressure (IOP) in predisposed patients occur. We present herein a rare case of acute increased IOP after use of ecstasy. Case report. A female patient, aged 38 years, visited doctor complaing of a decreased vision acuity and severe pain in the left eye and in the left part of the head. The initial treatment was urgent antiglaucomatous therapy followed by withdrawal of subjective problems of the patient and improvement of objective finding. History taking procedure reveled that just before the onset of the pain the patient had used ecstasy and had had similar 'experience' 6 years ago after cocaine snorting. She had not been to a doctor although she had experienced sporadic migrenous pain. Previous medical records excavation of revealed optic disk (cup-to-dise C/D=06), Bjerum arcuate scotoma and iris plateau with narrow chamber angle (Scheie II- III) so the diagnosis was a rare unilateral iris plateau syndrome of the left eye. Although the patient was given some pieces of information about the dangerous and possible deadly consequences of psychoactive substance abuse, she has not continue the treatment. Conclusion. Ecstasy abuse might cause a complete loss of vision, thus medicametous and surgical treatment are obligatory.
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Mikulionok, I. O. "FERROMAGNETIC MATERIALS USE FOR PROVIDING THE NECESSARY THERMAL MODE OF PROCESSING EQUIPMENT (REVIEW)." Energy Technologies & Resource Saving, no. 1 (March 20, 2019): 60–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.33070/etars.1.2019.06.
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A new approach to providing the necessary temperature of technological equipment of various industries, in particular, chemical, food, microbiological, heat and power, and therefore a stable thermal mode of processing the flows of substances and materials that are in the specified equipment is proposed. It has been proposed to make working bodies and elements of equipment in contact with the flows of the substances and materials being processed from magnetic material with a phase transition temperature of the second type (Curie point), which corresponds to the temperature of the technological process. The designs of tubular heat exchangers, dryers, packed and disc mass transfer columns, separators, equipment for the processing of thermoplastics (extrusion head, static mixers, worm extruder), as well as bulk feeder are considered. Bibl. 19, Fig. 15.
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Meinisasti, Resva, Zamharira Muslim, Krisyanella, and Raden Sunita. "The Effectiveness Test of Betel Leaf Ethanol Extract Cream (Piper Betle Linn) Toward Propionibacterium acnes Bacterial Growth." Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research 4, no. 2 (April 2, 2020): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32539/bsm.v4i2.112.
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Background: One of skin diseases that is frequently taking attention among teenagers and young adults is acne or in medical term called acne vulgaris. Acne treatment can be treated by repairing follicular abnormalities, decreasing sebum production, decreasing the number of Propionibacterium acnes colonies and reducing inflammation of the skin. The bacterial population of Propionibacterium acnes can be reduced by giving an antibacterial substance such as erythromycin, clindamycin and benzoyl peroxide. In the treatment of acne we can get antibacterial originating from nature, one of which can be obtained in the secondary metabolism of plants. The extracts and essential oils of betel leaf contain antibacterial and antifungal activities. The effectiveness of the use of betel leaf ethanol extract (Piper betle Linn) in acne treatment can be improved by creating formulations in form of cream preparations. Formulations in cream preparations will affect the amount and speed of active substances that can be absorbed. Objectives: To determine the effectiveness of the ethanol extract cream of betel leaf (piper betle linn) cream in formulas with what percentage of active substance has the most-inhibitory effect on the growth of Propionibacterium acnes. Methods:The study used experimental research. Propionibacterium acnes samples were diluted in 0.9% physiological NaCl sterile and embedded in Nutrient Agar (NA) media. The media was inserted into an incubator at 37 ° C for 24 hours. The test of antibacterial activity used the disk diffusion method. The antibacterial activity test results were statistically analyzed using the Statistical Product Services Solution (SPSS 17) program with a confidence level of 95% (α = 0.05). Results: The three creams containing betel leaf ethanol extracts at percentages of 5%, 10% and 15% for each had inhibitory zones: 9.8 mm, 15.85 mm, 17.35 mm. Conclusion: Cream that contains 15% active substance has the strongest inhibition.
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Pihut, Malgorzata, and Andrzej Gala. "The Application of Intra-Articulr Injections for Management of the Consequences of Disc Displacement without Reduction." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 13 (July 1, 2020): 4726. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17134726.
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The aim of the study was to make a comparative studies on the effectiveness of platelet rich plasma (PRP) and hyaluronic acid (HA) in intra-articular injections to the temporomandibular joints—in double blind studies application—based on the analysis of selected clinical parameters of functional efficiency and the mean value of joint’s pain intensity before and after management. The study enrolled a group of 100 patients, aged 21 to 43 years, of both sexes, who came for the prosthodontic treatment. All patients had II b group of disorder according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria/Temporomandibular Disorder, and were consecutively, alternately assigned to the groups, 50 patients in each. Study group PRP was treated with intra-articular injection of platelet rich plasma and study group HA had injection with hyaluronic acid. The examination was double-blind, so that the injecting physician and the patient were not informed what kind of medicinal substance they received in the joint injection. The final selected clinical parameters did not differ statistically significantly between the groups, what means that both administered substances were effective in the repair of intra-articular structures. The results of research showed that the use of PRP and HA in intraarticular joint’s injections positively affects in selected clinical parameters and decrease of the pain in temporomandibular joints in the case of disc displacement without reduction.
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ANTONENKO, Artem, Tetiana BROVENKO, Olena VASILENKO, Yuliia ZEMLINA, Galina TOLOK, and Igor GRISCHENKO. "USE OF NON-TRADITIONAL RAW MATERIALS IN COLD SNACK TECHNOLOGY." HERALD OF KHMELNYTSKYI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY 295, no. 2 (May 2021): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5732-2021-295-2-239-244.
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The purpose of this research is to substantiate and develop the technology of vegetarian cold snacks “VegoShuba”. The object of the study is the technology of salad with the addition of nori leaves, Adyghe cheese, sour cream, asafetida and dried fruits “VegoShuba”. The article substantiates the expediency of using nori leaves, Adyghe cheese, vegetarian mayonnaise, chia seeds, asafetida and dried fruits (prunes and dried apricots) in the technology of vegetarian salad “VegoShuba”. On the basis of technological developments the technology of vegetarian salad “VegoShuba” is developed. The paper presents the results of research on quality indicators and calculates the chemical composition of the developed dish. During technological tests in the prototypes, herring was replaced with nori leaves, eggs – with Adygea cheese, mayonnaise – with sour cream with turmeric and black salt. The optimal amount of chia seeds, Adyghe cheese, asafetida and dried fruits was determined by organoleptic evaluation. After a study of organoleptic characteristics, it was determined that the highest organoleptic evaluation was obtained by experiment with the addition of chia seeds – 0.2 g, asafetida – 0.2 g, prunes – 3 g and dried apricots – 3 g. Analyzing the chemical composition of the vegetarian analogue of the classic dish “Herring under a fur coat” it is possible to observe considerable increase in the content of nutrients. Based on the analysis of the daily nutrient requirements of VegoShuba salad, there is an increase in the satisfaction of daily nutrient requirements, with the exception of vitamin B12. This dish can be recommended in the appropriate restaurants. Taking into account the research and calculations, a model of the quality of the developed dish was built, it reflects the percentage of nutrients in salads to the daily intake. Summarizing the results, we can conclude that the developed dish “VegoShuba” using nori leaves, Adyghe cheese, sour cream, chia seeds, asafetida and dried fruits in certain quantities have compared to the control sample increased biological value due to the variety of ingredients that have composition of biologically active substances and valuable nutrients, so it is a worthy alternative in vegetarian cuisine. The developed dish “VegoShuba” can be recommended for implementation in restaurants of Ukraine.
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Martinotti, Giovanni, Cristina Merino Del Villar, Andrés Garcia Cordoba, Lluís Andrés Tubau, Ivan Castro Sánchez, Francesco Di Carlo, Stefania Chiappini, Mauro Pettorruso, Fabrizio Schifano, and Massimo Di Giannantonio. "Club Drugs and Psychiatric Sequelae: An Issue of Vulnerability and Previous Psychiatric History." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 13 (June 29, 2021): 6944. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18136944.
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The pursuit of pleasure among clubbers and disco-goers often involves drug use. However, whether substance use may represent a relevant risk factor contributing to the development of psychiatric symptoms and of mental illness remains debated. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the percentage of subjects who developed long-lasting psychiatric symptoms in a sample of subjects reporting use of substances in nightclubs, and to evaluate the role of a previous psychiatric diagnosis in these subjects. Data were collected during three consecutive years in dedicated nursing units inside all the nightclubs of Ibiza, in emergency hospital rooms at the Can Misses Hospital and inside the psychiatric ward. A total of 10,163 subjects required medical assistance inside discos in the medical-nursing units, of which 223 required transfers to hospital emergency rooms. Of these, 110 required subsequent psychiatric hospitalization. Ninety-one (82.7%) of these patients had a positive psychiatric history, which was also found in thirty-one of the 113 subjects (27.4%) not requiring psychiatric hospitalization. Negative psychiatric history was negatively associated with hospitalization (Coefficient = −2.574; p = 0.000) and for subjects with a negative psychiatric history the odds to be hospitalized changed by a factor of 0.076. Gender, age, civil status and nationality were not significant predictors of hospitalization. Overall, the number of subjects who developed major psychiatric disorders appeared to be limited. However, the presence of a psychiatric history here played a crucial role. Club drugs are therefore able to induce psychiatric sequelae requiring hospitalization mainly in subjects who are already vulnerable from a psychopathological point of view.
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Jaramillo, Héctor E. "Evaluation of the Use of the Yeoh and Mooney-Rivlin Functions as Strain Energy Density Functions for the Ground Substance Material of the Annulus Fibrosus." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018 (November 7, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1570142.
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Due to the importance of the intervertebral disc in the mechanical behavior of the human spine, special attention has been paid to it during the development of finite element models of the human spine. The mechanical behavior of the intervertebral disc is nonlinear, heterogeneous, and anisotropic and, due to the low permeability, is usually represented as a hyperelastic model. The intervertebral disc is composed of the nucleus pulposus, the endplates, and the annulus fibrosus. The annulus fibrosus is modeled as a hyperelastic matrix reinforced with several fiber families, and researchers have used different strain energy density functions to represent it. This paper presents a comparative study between the strain energy density functions most frequently used to represent the mechanical behavior of the annulus fibrosus: the Yeoh and Mooney-Rivlin functions. A finite element model of the annulus fibrosus of the L4-L5 segment under the action of three independent and orthogonal moments of 8 N-m was used, employing Abaqus software. A structured mesh with eight divisions along the height and the radial direction of annulus fibrosus and tetrahedron elements for the endplates were used, and an exponential energy function was employed to represent the mechanical behavior of the fibers. A total of 16 families were used; the fiber orientation varied with the radial coordinate from 25° on the outer boundary to 46° on the inner boundary, measuring it with respect to the transverse plane. The mechanical constants were taken from the reported literature. The range of motion was obtained by finite element analysis using different values of the mechanical constants and these results were compared with the reported experimental data. It was found that the Yeoh function showed a better fit to the experimental range of motion than the Mooney-Rivlin function, especially in the nonlinear region.
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Romeo, Alfredo, Marianna Chierchia, Carolina Baiano, and Dante Ronca. "Anatomic substrate to pain originating in the disc and chronic low back pain posture damage resolution." Ozone Therapy 1, no. 3 (January 18, 2017): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/ozone.2016.6472.
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Chronic low back pain is a disease that most often affects people between 45 and 64 years. The incidence of low back pain goes from 60 to 90% and the annual incidence is 5%. Often low back pain is accompanied or replaced by an irradiated lower limb pain, configuring the symptomatology of lumboradiculalgia, whose most frequent cause is the disco-radicular conflict. The cause of the onset of pain, even excruciating, in cases of radicular compression of disc origin is not yet clear. Low back pain of disc origin is thought to be caused by direct mechanical compression factors; by indirect mechanical factors ischemia or venous stasis of vasa nervorum; and by type of immune-mediated inflammatory factors (reaction hernia) and/or biochemical evidence related to the disc type (the presence of substances which induce the inflammatory reaction). When a patient is suffering by chronic low back pain, apart from the algic problem, a series of changes in posture will occur, which contribute to worsen low back pain itself. The effects of a polluted posture and, therefore, the muscle retraction manifest in the joints in the form of compression, axial rotation and translation, resulting in modifications of the skeletal morphology (scoliotic attitudes, hyperkyphosis, valgus and varus of the knee, <em>etc</em>.) and possibly evolving into important postural disorders. Currently, the treatment of chronic low back pain and postural secondary disorders is still an open problem. The aim of this preliminary study is: i) to highlight the high incidence of low back pain by providing evidence that there is an anatomical substrate to low back pain originating in the disc; ii) and to assess the effects of the use of oxygen-ozone percutaneous paravertebral intramuscular therapy in synergy with a functional rehabilitation program in a group of patients suffering from chronic low back pain. From the data obtained, the combination of percutaneous paravertebral intramuscular oxygen-ozone therapy with functional rehabilitation is confirmed as an effective and safe method, whose favorable results are evident at the level of lumbar pain symptoms, postural secondary abnormalities, disability in activities of daily living, the mood and tone of the psychological state.
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Bugeac, Cosmin Alexandru, Robert Ancuceanu, and Mihaela Dinu. "QSAR Models for Active Substances against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Using Disk-Diffusion Test Data." Molecules 26, no. 6 (March 19, 2021): 1734. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26061734.
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative bacillus included among the six “ESKAPE” microbial species with an outstanding ability to “escape” currently used antibiotics and developing new antibiotics against it is of the highest priority. Whereas minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values against Pseudomonas aeruginosa have been used previously for QSAR model development, disk diffusion results (inhibition zones) have not been apparently used for this purpose in the literature and we decided to explore their use in this sense. We developed multiple QSAR methods using several machine learning algorithms (support vector classifier, K nearest neighbors, random forest classifier, decision tree classifier, AdaBoost classifier, logistic regression and naïve Bayes classifier). We used four sets of molecular descriptors and fingerprints and three different methods of data balancing, together with the “native” data set. In total, 32 models were built for each set of descriptors or fingerprint and balancing method, of which 28 were selected and stacked to create meta-models. In terms of balanced accuracy, the best performance was provided by KNN, logistic regression and decision tree classifier, but the ensemble method had slightly superior results in nested cross-validation.
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Wolny-Koładka, Katarzyna, Dagmara Malina, Aleksandra Suder, Klaudia Pluta, and Zbigniew Wzorek. "Bio-Based Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Waste Agricultural Biomass and Its Antimicrobial Activity." Processes 10, no. 2 (February 17, 2022): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10020389.
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The problem of cleaning and disinfecting surfaces has become extremely important in the context of the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic. However, it should be considered that, in everyday life, we come into contact with many other viruses, as well as pathogenic bacteria and fungi, that may cause infections and diseases. Hence, there is a continuous need to search for new and more effective methods of fighting pathogens. Due to their documented antimicrobial activity, silver nanoparticles may be an interesting alternative to the commonly used surface cleaners and disinfectants. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the bactericidal properties of silver nanoparticles obtained with the use of nontoxic plant waste biomass against bacteria isolated from the environment. Silver nanoparticles with the desired physicochemical characteristics were obtained by a simple and rapid chemical reduction method using plant waste such as unused parsley stems and potato peels (the biogenic method). A nanosilver colloid was also prepared by the chemical reduction method, but with reducing and stabilizing chemical substances (the chemical method) used as a control. The bacterial susceptibility to nanosilver synthesized using both methods was evaluated using the disk-diffusion method. The sensitivity of particular Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus isolates to nanosilver varied considerably, and the strongest antimicrobial effect was found in the case of nanoparticles synthesized by the chemical method using a strong chemical reducing agent and a polymeric stabilizing substance, while nanosilver obtained using the biogenic method, using phytochemicals, also had a strong antimicrobial effect, which was found to be extremely satisfactory. Thus, it can be strongly concluded that the biogenic, pro-ecological method of synthesis with the use of plant waste biomass presented in this work allows the application of biogenic nanosilver as a component of agents for washing and disinfection of public utility surfaces.
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Eastley, NC, V. Spiteri, and ML Newey. "Variations in selective nerve root block technique." Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England 95, no. 7 (October 2013): 515–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/003588413x13629960048073.
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Introduction Much literature reports on selective nerve root blocks (SNRBs) in cases of lumbosacral radiculopathy. Unfortunately, authors only inconsistently reveal the exact needle tip position relative to the causative pathology at the time of injection. Different injection sites may provide different symptomatic benefits. We investigated the variation in injection techniques of practitioners working in the UK. Methods A clinical scenario was devised depicting a patient with radiculopathy secondary to an L4/5 vertebral disc prolapse. Participants were questioned on their chosen management of this patient, focusing particularly on SNRB technique. Questionnaires were sent to spinal surgeons, pain management specialists and musculoskeletal radiologists. Results A total of 100 responses were detailed enough for inclusion. The majority (83%) of respondents reported they would inject local anaesthetic and steroids, 4% would inject local anaesthetic alone and 13% would inject a different substance. Over half (53%) would target the L5 nerve root, 26% the L4 nerve root, 12% the prolapsed disc itself and 9% two separate vertebral levels. Variation was also noted in needle tip location relative to the neural sheath. Conclusions When treating lumbar radiculopathy, there are apparent variations in the use and positioning of SNRBs for a given level of disc pathology. Needle tip position may have a direct influence on clinical outcome following SNRBs. Caution is therefore required when considering the validity of previously published studies investigating SNRBs and different injectates.
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Zazharskyi, V. V., P. O. Davydenko, O. M. Kulishenko, I. V. Borovik, and V. V. Brygadyrenko. "Effect of ethanol plant extracts on Staphylococcus Epidermidis, Staphylococcus Aureus." Scientific and Technical Bulletin оf State Scientific Research Control Institute of Veterinary Medical Products and Fodder Additives аnd Institute of Animal Biology 20, no. 2 (September 18, 2019): 154–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.36359/scivp.2019-20-2.20.
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The emergence of multiresistant strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus that are difficult to antibiotics and cause severe lesions of soft tissues, sepsis, and complicated surgical pathology are recognized as the one of problems of current infectious diseases of animals and humans. One of challenges in pharmacognosy is the search for alternative sources of antibacterial substances with an exhaustive resource of antibiotics of fungal origin. The use of raw medicinal plants is quite promising in this regard. The tendency of scientific research of recent decade reveals a promising range of plants of a number of families, which typically contents certain active substances (phytoncides, saponins, alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, essential oils etc.).
The goal of the work was to establish the antibacterial effect of plant infusions on reference cryogenic strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus in vitro.
Herbal material of 50 species (seeds, grass, shoots, leaves, compound fruit, peel) obtained at different periods of the growing season was used for investigation. The material was classified, dried, and grounded. Samples of 1 g were poured with 5 cm3 of 96 % ethanol and were kept it over three weeks in a dry cold place. The obtained alcohol infusion was filtered with sterile multi-layer gauze disc filters. Before the discs were put on the surface of agar with inoculation of the corresponding culture, they were dried in a sterile laminar box under ultraviolet rays. Antibacterial activity of various tinctures was determined by the disk diffusion method in agar with the measurement of the diameter of the growth suppression zone of the culture using a template ruler.
Concerning the above mentioned point, herein, we report the results of the use of tinctures Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus in vitro. Obtained data has been systematized, summarized and evaluated.
The paper presents the results of the effectiveness of phytopreparations on Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus in vitro. The antibacterial effect of plant tinctures of Cephalotaxus harringtonia, Hedera helix, Geranium sanguineum on cryogenic strains Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus. We consider it possible to recommend the investigated extracts of Cephalotaxus harringtonia, Hedera helix, Geranium sanguineum for further research in the fight against polyresistant strains of the above-mentioned microorganisms.
The obtained results give grounds to recommend herbal tinctures to combat multi-resistant strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus.
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Careddu, Nicola, and Silvana Maria Grillo. "“Trachytes” from Sardinia: Geoheritage and Current Use." Sustainability 11, no. 13 (July 6, 2019): 3706. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11133706.
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Sardinia was affected by an intense igneous activity which generated calc-alkaline products during the Oligo-Miocene period. The volcanic substance shows large variations, ranging from pyroclastic flow deposits, lava flows and domes. By composition, the deposits are all primarily dacites and rhyolites, with subordinate andesites and very scarce basalts. The rhyolite lavas show porphyritic and ash-flow tuffs. Ignimbrite structures are found in the dacitic domes and rhyolitic lavas. These rocks—commercially known as “Trachytes of Sardinia”—used to be quarried in all historical provinces, mainly in the central part of the island to be used as ornamental and building stone. They continue to be commonly used nowadays, but their use dates back to the prehistoric age. They are easily found in many nuraghi, “domus de janas”, holy wells, Roman works (mosaics, paving, roads, bridges), many churches built in Sardinia and practically in all kinds of structural elements in public and private buildings, such as walls, houses, and bridges. Contrary to the granitoid rocks, whose appearance is largely influenced by the mineralogical composition, the aesthetic feature of volcanic rocks is rather affected by the widest range of colors, structure and texture, i.e., shape, size and distribution of mineral components, porphyric index, etc. “Trachyte” is quarried opencast with the “single low step” method, with descending development, with prevalent use of double-disc sawing machines. Whenever the stone deposit allows higher steps, the chain cutting machine, in combination with diamond wire, becomes the preferred extraction solution. This study aims to at look Sardinian “trachytes” from a geoheritage perspective. After a geological-petrographic framework, the paper discusses the historical uses of “trachyte” in Sardinia. The current state of the art of “trachyte” quarrying, processing and usage in the Island is also described. An analysis of the “trachyte” production has been carried out. Finally, a consideration about how to enhance geotourism in the area is suggested.
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Moraes, Ana Paula Rodrigues, Sandy Sampaio Videira, Vânia Rita Elias Pinheiro Bittencourt, and Avelino José Bittencourt. "Antifungal activity of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in Stomoxys calcitranslarvae." Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária 23, no. 2 (June 2014): 194–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612014037.
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The microbiota present in Stomoxys calcitrans larvae may assist their survival in contaminated environments through production of inhibitory substances. Bacteriological identification methods, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to detect a bacterium naturally present in mucus and maceratedS. calcitrans larvae. The antifungal activity was determined based on the results from disk diffusion tests on an artificial solid medium. The bacterium was identified as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and presented antifungal activity againstBeauveria bassiana sensu lato isolates CG 138, CG 228 and ESALQ 986. This result suggests that the larval microbiota is a factor that can compromise the use of B. bassiana s.l. fungus for biological control of S. calcitrans larvae.
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da Silva, Ivanildo Mangueira, João da Silva Filho, Priscila Brandão Gomes da Silva Santiago, Micalyne Soares do Egito, Carlos André de Souza, Frederico Leite Gouveia, Rafael Matos Ximenes, et al. "Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activities of 5-Arylidene-thiazolidine-2,4-dione Derivatives." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/316082.
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Antibiotic resistance is considered one of the world's major public health concerns. The main cause of bacterial resistance is the improper and repeated use of antibiotics. To alleviate this problem, new chemical substances against microorganisms are being synthesized and tested. Thiazolidines are compounds having many pharmacological activities including antimicrobial activities. For this purpose some thiazolidine derivatives substituted at position 5 in the thiazolidine nucleus were synthesized and tested against several microorganisms. Using a disc diffusion method, antimicrobial activity was verified against Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and alcohol acid resistant bacteria and yeast. The minimum inhibition concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) were determined. All derivatives showed antimicrobial activity mainly against Gram-positive bacteria, with MIC values ranging from 2 to 16 µg/mL.
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Mollea, Chiara, Francesca Bosco, and Davide Fissore. "Agar Plate Methods for Assessing the Antibacterial Activity of Thyme and Oregano Essential Oils against S. epidermidis and E. coli." Antibiotics 11, no. 12 (December 13, 2022): 1809. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11121809.
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The resistance to antimicrobials (AMR), especially antibiotics, represents a serious problem and, at the same time, a challenge. In the last decade, a growing interest in the use of essential oils (EOs) as antimicrobial substances was observed. Commercial thyme and oregano EOs are reported to be the main responsible of the oil antimicrobial efficacy against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria. The aim of the present work was to study the efficacy of EOs against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli in long-time treatments. In a preliminary microdilution test, a MIC value was obtained for thyme EO against S. epidermidis and E. coli. After that, disk diffusion and disk volatilization tests were set up to study the influence of main cultural parameters on EO activity in liquid or vapor phase. Both bacteria were inhibited by thyme and oregano EOs when applied pure (100% v/v) or diluted (75% and 50% v/v): a higher inhibition was observed in a disk diffusion test in which the antimicrobial effect was due to both liquid and vapor phase components. Finally, a comparison with literature data was carried out even if it was not so easy because standard methods are usually modified and adapted to specific case study. For this reason, the results have to be interpreted in relation to the analytical method applied.
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Chýlková, Jaromíra, Renáta Šelešovská, Jaroslava Machalíková, and Libor Dušek. "Differentiation between phenol- and amino-substances in voltammetry determination of synthetic antioxidants in oils." Open Chemistry 8, no. 3 (June 1, 2010): 607–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-010-0024-0.
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AbstractThe paper describes a method of voltammetric determination of antioxidants in lubricating oils developed with the use of Linear Sweep Voltammetry (LSV) and Fast Scan Differential Pulse Voltammetry (FSDPV). Experimental conditions have been found for simultaneous determination of phenol-based antioxidants and amino-antioxidants: the phenols can be electrochemically oxidized using the polarisation of gold disc electrode (AuDE) in the potential range of 0–1400 mV in 0.2 M H2SO4 in the presence of ethanol and acetonitrile at the ratio of 3:1. Secondary aromatic amines can be determined directly in this supporting electrolyte; the presence of phenolic antioxidants does not interfere with this analysis. On the other hand, secondary aromatic amines interfere with the determination of phenolic substances; therefore, the amines present have to be eliminated in a suitable way. A procedure for masking the aromatic amines using their reaction with nitrous acid has been suggested and optimised. The nitrosamines thus formed can be used for sensitive and selective determination of amino-antioxidants by means of cathodic reduction on the hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE) using Fast Scan Differential Pulse Voltammetry. The method was applied in analysis of real samples of lubricating oils.
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Передера, С. Б., and О. В. Кінаш. "Визначення чутливості грибів роду Mucor та Aspergillus до деяких речовин рослинного походження." Вісник Полтавської державної аграрної академії, no. 1-2 (June 26, 2015): 102–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.31210/visnyk2015.1-2.21.
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Наведено результати дослідження чутливостігрибів роду Mucor та Aspergillus до речовин, що ма-ють рослинне походження (відвар трави ехінацеїпурпурової, екстракт ехінацеї рідкий, настоянка ехі-нацеї, ефірна олія базиліку, монарди, евгенол). У лі-тературі наведено численні дані щодо імуностиму-люючої та бактерицидної дії вищезазначених речо-вин, однак дані стосовно їх фунгіцидних властивос-тей висвітлені недостатньо. Дослідження проводилистандартним диско-дифузійним методом. Викорис-товували препарати ехінацеї пурпурової та ефірніолії з аптекарської мережі. Речовини рослинного по-ходження перспективні для використання у ветери-нарії, як альтернатива антибіотикам і дезінфектан-там одночасно. Зокрема ефірні масла та їх компонен-ти можуть бути використані для сонації повітряптахівничих приміщень в якості дезінфікуючих засо-бів, а також, як речовини анаболічної та імуности-мулюючої дії.
The results of susceptibility testing of Aspergillus and Mucor to plant origin substances (infusion of Echinacea purpurea, Echinacea liquid extract, Echinacea tincture, essential oil of Basil, essential oil of Monarda, eugenol) are shown. There are numerous data in the literature relating to bactericidal and immunostimulatory activity of those substances, however, the data for their fungicidal properties described insufficiently. The studies was conducted by standard disc-diffusion method. We used medications of Echinacea purpurea and essential oils of pharmaceutical network. Plant origin substances are promising for use in veterinary medicine as an alternative to antibiotics and disinfectants simultaneously. In particular, essential oils and their components can be used to optimize the air of poultry premises, as a disinfectant and as chemicals of anabolic and immunostimulatory action.
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Uribe, Juan S., Nicolas Arredondo, Elias Dakwar, and Fernando L. Vale. "Defining the safe working zones using the minimally invasive lateral retroperitoneal transpsoas approach: an anatomical study." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 13, no. 2 (August 2010): 260–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2010.3.spine09766.
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ObjectThe lateral retroperitoneal transpsoas approach is being increasingly employed to treat various spinal disorders. The minimally invasive blunt retroperitoneal and transpsoas dissection poses a risk of injury to major nervous structures. The addition of electrophysiological monitoring potentially decreases the risk of injury to the lumbar plexus. With respect to the use of the direct transpsoas approach, however, there is sparse knowledge regarding the relationship between the retroperitoneum/psoas muscle and the lumbar plexus at each lumbar segment. The authors undertook this anatomical cadaveric dissection study to define the anatomical safe zones relative to the disc spaces for prevention of nerve injuries during the lateral retroperitoneal transpsoas approach.MethodsTwenty lumbar segments were dissected and studied. The relationship between the retroperitoneum, psoas muscle, and the lumbar plexus was analyzed. The area between the anterior and posterior edges of the vertebral body (VB) was divided into 4 equal zones. Radiopaque markers were placed in each disc space at the midpoint of Zone III (middle posterior quarter). At each segment, the psoas muscle, lumbar plexus, and nerve roots were dissected. The distribution of the lumbar plexus with reference to the markers at each lumbar segment was analyzed.ResultsAll parts of the lumbar plexus, including nerve roots, were found within the substance of the psoas muscle dorsal to the posterior fourth of the VB (Zone IV). No Zone III marker was posterior to any part of the lumbar plexus with the exception of the genitofemoral nerve. The genitofemoral nerve travels obliquely in the substance of the psoas muscle from its origin to its innervations. It emerges superficially and anterior from the medial border of the psoas at the L3–4 level and courses along the anterior medial fourth of the L-4 and L-5 VBs (Zone I). The nerves of the plexus that originate at the upper lumbar segments emerge from the lateral border of the psoas major and cross obliquely into the retroperitoneum in front of the quadratus lumborum and the iliacus muscles to the iliac crest.ConclusionsWith respect to prevention of direct nerve injury, the safe anatomical zones at the disc spaces from L1–2 to L3–4 are at the middle posterior quarter of the VB (midpoint of Zone III) and the safe anatomical zone at the L4–5 disc space is at the midpoint of the VB (Zone II–Zone III demarcation). There is risk of direct injury to the genitofemoral nerve in Zone II at the L2–3 space and in Zone I at the lower lumbar levels L3–4 and L4–5. There is also a potential risk of injury to the ilioinguinal, iliohypogastric, and lateral femoral cutaneous nerves in the retroperitoneal space where they travel obliquely, inferiorly, and anteriorly to the reach the iliac crest and the abdominal wall.
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Lim, Tae-Hong, and Vijay K. Goel. "Load Sharing Characteristics in the Stabilized Lumbar Motion Segment: A Finite Element Study." Journal of Musculoskeletal Research 02, no. 01 (March 1998): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218957798000081.
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The effects of intervertebral joint stiffness as well as implant stiffness on the load sharing characteristics across the stabilized motion segment were investigated using the finite element technique. Intervertebral joint stiffness variations were modeled by using various Young's modulus ( Edisc ) values of the ground substance that had replaced the nucleus pulposus. Variations in the implant stiffness were made by simulating the use of three different pedicle screw-plate instrumentation constructs: 1) bilateral fixation using stainless steel (ST) plates; 2) unilateral fixation using one stainless steel plate; and 3) bilateral fixation using Plexiglas (PL) plates. For the case of constant fixation device stiffness, the axial force across the VSP plate changed in a step-wise manner with the changes in the "disc" stiffness. The axial force carried by the plates was about 10% of the applied compression for Edisc ≥ 1000 MPa. The plates carried about 40% of the applied compression in the intact and degenerated disc ( Edisc = 4.2 and 8.2 MPa) models, as compared to 100% load by the plates for the totally denucleated case. For the case of constant disc stiffness ( Edisc = 8.4 MPa), ST and PL plates were predicted to take over 38% and 18% of the applied compression load, respectively, while for the uniaxial fixation this value was 24%. The load borne by the plates decreased with a decrease in the stiffness of the device. Larger average stresses were predicted in all spinal components when a less rigid VSP system was used, although still lower than the intact stress values. By contrast, the stresses in the device components were predicted to decrease by a considerable amount due to the use of PL plates. These results clearly demonstrate that both the spinal segment and fixation devices are important load supporting components. However, further studies are required to determine an optimum range of stiffness of the unstable spine-graft-implant construct for fast and solid fusion to occur.
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Negut, Irina, Anita Visan, Camelia Popescu, Rodica Cristescu, Anton Ficai, Alexandru Grumezescu, Mariana Chifiriuc, et al. "Successful Release of Voriconazole and Flavonoids from MAPLE Deposited Bioactive Surfaces." Applied Sciences 9, no. 4 (February 22, 2019): 786. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9040786.
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We explored the potential of biomimetic thin films fabricated by means of matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE) for releasing combinations of active substances represented by flavonoids (quercetin dihydrate and resveratrol) and antifungal compounds (amphotericin B and voriconazole) embedded in a polyvinylpyrrolidone biopolymer; the antifungal activity of the film components was evaluated using in vitro microbiological assays. Thin films were deposited using a pulsed KrF* excimer laser source which were structurally characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). High-quality thin films with chemical structures similar to dropcast ones were created using an optimum laser fluence of ~80 mJ/cm2. Bioactive substances were included within the polymer thin films using the MAPLE technique. The results of the in vitro microbiology assay, which utilized a modified disk diffusion approach and were performed using two fungal strains (Candida albicans American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 90028 and Candida parapsilosis American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 22019), revealed that voriconazole was released in an active form from the polyvinylpyrrolidone matrix. The results of this study show that the MAPLE-deposited bioactive thin films have a promising potential for use in designing combination devices, such as drug delivery devices, and medical device surfaces with antifungal activity.
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Sulimenova, Zhanara, Yulia Plotnikova, Alexey Sizentsov, Elena Barysheva, and Elena Bibartseva. "PSI-B-24 Assessment of the combined use of antibacterial substances on the in vitro model in the development of veterinary drugs." Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_3 (October 8, 2021): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab235.412.
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Abstract The wide use of antibacterial drugs in the agricultural and veterinary industries as growth stimulants and antimicrobial therapies has led to increased resistance of pathogens and opportunistic pathogens to many chemotherapy drugs. The purpose of our study is to assess the additive effect of these compounds to enhance the inhibitory action of antibiotics. Antibacterial drugs of various chemical groups, extracts from medicinal plants with microbicide and anti-quorum effects, inorganic copper and zinc salts, as well as probiotic strains of the genus Bacillus of veterinary purpose, were used to achieve the goal. The main methodical approach to assessing the additive effect of complex compounds in the work was the method of diffusion into agar, combined with the method of serial dilution. The selection of antibacterial drugs was carried out using the disk diffusion method. S. enteritidis, S. typhimurium, and P. aeruginosa were used as the test organisms in studies. The main criterion for the selection of antibacterial drugs was the resistance of probiotic strains and the moderate sensitivity of the test organisms in relation to their action. Cefixime was experimentally selected for the study against S. enteritidis and S. typhimurium and Fosfomycin against P. aeruginosa. Of all the studied phytobiotics, the most promising for further study was the oak bark extract. Against P. aeruginosa, the most significant chemical compound is CuSO4 at a concentration of 40 mg/ml, which does not affect the growth of probiotic strains. The pronounced additive effect of the combined compound based on cefixime, oak bark, and B. subtilis 534 was observed against S. enteritidis and S. typhimurium by 23% and 25%, respectively. The combined use of fosfomycin, B. subtilis 534, CuSO4, and the oak bark extract increases P. aeruginosa growth suppression by 19 % compared to the control of the growth suppression of this antibiotic.
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Shvedchykova, Iryna, Inna Melkonova, and Julia Romanchenko. "RESEARCH OF MAGNETIC FIELD DISTRIBUTION IN THE WORKING AREA OF DISK SEPARATOR, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT AN INFLUENCE OF MATERIALS OF PERMANENT MAGNETS." EUREKA: Physics and Engineering 1 (January 31, 2020): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2020.001106.
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Based on the results of a numerical-field analysis of the distribution of the magnetic force field in the working area of the disk magnetic separator, designed to clean bulk substances from ferromagnetic inclusions, the influence of the magnetic material of the poles of the magnetic system on the field distribution is determined. A consistent study of two magnetic systems assembled on the basis of magnetic materials of different classes is carried out. The finite element method implemented in the COMSOL Multiphysics software environment is used to calculate the distribution of magnetic induction in a disk magnetic separator with rare-earth and ferrite magnets. Due to the complexity of the spatial geometry of the force field in the working area of the disk magnetic separator, a three-dimensional model of the magnetic system is developed. A comparative analysis of the distribution of the magnetic force field in the working area of the disk separator with a highly coercive magnetic system and with a magnetic system based on ferrite blocks is carried out. As a result of the analysis, it is found that the indicators of the intensity and heterogeneity of the magnetic field for a highly coercive magnetic system significantly exceed the corresponding parameters of a ferrite magnetic system. It is proved that when choosing magnets for the magnetic system of a disk separator, preference should be given to highly coercive alloys, the magnetic properties of which significantly exceed the magnetic properties of ferrite magnets. To reduce the cost of the magnetic system of the disk separator, the use of a combined magnetic system assembled from magnetic materials of different classes is proposed. Studies of combined magnetic systems with various mass fractions of magnetic materials are done. The ratio of the mass fractions of magnets of various properties in the poles of the magnetic system is determined, at which sufficiently high magnetic characteristics are provided in the working area. It is shown that the presence of a ferrite fraction in the magnetic poles not only reduces the cost of the magnetic system of the separator, but also reduces the mass of the system. The tasks of further research are justified
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Erfan, Ahmed Mohammed, and Sherif Marouf. "Cinnamon oil downregulates virulence genes of poultry respiratory bacterial agents and revealed significant bacterial inhibition: An in vitro perspective." November-2019 12, no. 11 (November 2019): 1707–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2019.1707-1715.
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Background and Aim: Respiratory bacterial agents represent one of the most harmful factors that ordinarily threaten the poultry industry and usually lead to great economic losses. Meanwhile, there is a global demand to avoid the highly emerging antibiotic resistance and antibiotic residues in edible meat. Whereas, the use of alternatives became of great priority, especially for those substances extracted from natural plant origin. The study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial effect of cinnamon oil as a herbal extract on different respiratory bacterial agents. Materials and Methods: One hundred and fifty biological samples were collected through targeted surveillance for respiratory diseased poultry farms representing three governorates, from which bacterial isolation and identification, DNA sequencing of representative strains were performed. Furtherly, phenotypic and genotypic evaluation of the antibacterial effect of cinnamon oil was performed by minimum inhibitory concentration, agar disk diffusion, and virulence genes expression real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: Cinnamon oil gave rise to acceptable degrees of virulence genes downregulation of 0.15, 0.19, 0.37, 0.41, 0.77, and 0.85 for Staphylococcus aureus sed gene, Escherichia coli stx1 gene, Avibacterium paragallinarum HPG-2 gene, Pasteurella multocida ptfA gene, Mycoplasma gallisepticum Mgc2 gene, and Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale adk gene, respectively. Phenotypically, using agar disk diffusion assay and broth microdilution susceptibility, cinnamon oil showed also tolerable results as it stopped the growth of S. aureus, E. coli, P. multocida, and A. paragallinarum with varying zones of inhibition. Conclusion: The encountered results declared the successful in vitro effect of cinnamon oil that recommends its application for living birds for future use as a safe antibacterial in the poultry industry.
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Gong, Huaqing, Tsugio Amemiya, kenichi Takaya, Miyako Tozu, and Yoshiharu Ohashi. "Elements and Organic Substances Analyzed with TOF-SIMS in the Photoreceptor Outer Segment Disc and Palpebral Conjunctiva of the Rat." Microscopy and Microanalysis 7, S2 (August 2001): 1000–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s143192760003107x.
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To make specimens for the biological materials, especially the retina and palpebral conjunctiva, and to detect the elements and organic substances.Twelve-week-old male Wistar Kyoto rats were used. Immediately after the eyes were enucleated under pentobarbital anesthesia, the eyeballs and eyelids were put into liquid nitrogen without any fixation and covered by O.C.T. compound (TISSUE-TEK, Miles Inc.). Semi-thin sections (5 μm) were cut with a cryomicrotome at −30 °C (Zeiss, Germany). Sections of the retina and palpebral conjunctiva were placed on siliconwafer plates 10 × 7 × 1 mm and air-dried for 30 min or freeze-dried for 8 hrs. A metal microscope (Leica- DMRBE) was used to confirm the morphological features of the unstained conjunctiva and retina on the siliconwafer plate prior to analysis with a TOF-SIMS microscope. Without coating, the specimens were examined with a TOF-SIMS microscope (TRIFID) (Physical Electronics, USA). Positive and negative ion images were examined with a Ga+ source at an acceleration voltage of 15 kV. Secondary ion acceleration voltage of 4.5 keV was used. The amount of trace elements was analyzed by Wincadence (Physical Electronics, USA) software.
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Belém-Costa, Andréa, and José Eurico Possebon Cyrino. "Antibiotic resistence of Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887) and Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758)." Scientia Agricola 63, no. 3 (June 2006): 281–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162006000300011.
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One of the most important problems involving treatments with antibiotics against Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from fishes is that antibiotic resistance develops readily. The antimicrobial activity of chemotherapeutants in isolates from pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887) and tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) was tested by the Kirby-Bauer disk method, over Mueller-Hinton surface agar previously inoculated with 100 µL of bacterial suspensions. After regular incubation, isolates from tilapia and pacu were uniformly resistant to amoxicillin, ampicillin, lincomycin, novobiocin, oxacillin, penicillin, and trimetoprim+sulfametoxazole. The A. hydrophila type strain presented resistance to the same antimicrobial substances and also against rifampicin; the bacterial isolate from pacu were the only strain resistant to tetracyclin. Isolates from both pacu and tilapia had intermediate reaction with erytromycin. The use of drugs in commercial fish farms in Brazil can favor the development of resistant bacterial strains in native fish species as already observed for exotic species, commercially produced for longer time.
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Kalaba, V., T. Ilic, B. Golic, D. Kalaba, and Z. Sladojevic. "Resistance of Salmonella spp. isolated from poultry meat to antimicrobial drugs." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 854, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/854/1/012042.
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Abstract Uncontrolled use of antimicrobials in the prophylaxis and treatment of human and animal diseases leads to the appearance of residues in the environment and food. The use of antimicrobials as growth promoters in breeding affirms the importance of their residual finding in foods of animal origin. Bacteria of the genus Salmonella are one of the most common causes of food poisoning. All species of this genus are pathogenic to humans and cause various diseases known as salmonellosis. Humans can become infected through the faecal-oral route by consuming contaminated food and water or by direct contact with an animal. Salmonella that are resistant to antimicrobial drugs can transfer resistance genes to other microorganisms. In this work, the resistance of 10 Salmonella isolates from poultry meat to 8 different antimicrobial substances was examined by the disk diffusion method. All Salmonella isolates were sensitive to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and chloramphenicol. All isolates were resistant to amoxicillin and significant percentages were resistant to other antimicrobial drugs. Also, multi-drug resistance of Salmonella isolates was found. The best prevention of salmonellosis in humans is constant and comprehensive control of this hazard in food products during production, processing, storage, and sale.
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Yusuf, M., U. A. Fitriani Nur, and A. Rifai. "In vitro antibacterial activity and potential applications in food of sea urchin (Diadema setosum) from Cape of Palette, South Sulawesi." Food Research 4, no. 6 (September 7, 2020): 2139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.4(6).275.
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Marine invertebrates in support of his life's defence of sea predatory use an innate immune mechanism, namely the cellular component hemocytes by secreting the dissolved antimicrobial and cytotoxic substances. It shows that marine invertebrates are potential sources and promising antimicrobial compounds. This research was aimed at determining the antibacterial activity of sea urchin (Diadema setosum) extract against some bacterial isolates and its application to foodstuffs. The gonad and shell of sea urchin extracted by methanol and ethyl acetate and then separated by ultrasound-assisted extraction. Screening of antibacterial compound use gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and disc diffusion method was followed to determine the antimicrobial activity against Salmonella, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The results of this study showed antibacterial activity against one or more strains. The gonad of sea urchin from methanol extract exhibited significant inhibitory effect and effective against Salmonella, E. coli and S. aureus. Majority of gonad and shell of sea urchin extract showed antibacterial activity against the tested strains. However, gonad of methanol extract was found to be inhibiting microorganisms gram-negative (E. coli) and gram-positive (Salmonella and S. aureus). Gonad extract can be a good source of antibacterial agents.
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Dolete, Georgiana, Cristina Chircov, Ludmila Motelica, Denisa Ficai, Ovidiu-Cristian Oprea, Marin Gheorghe, Anton Ficai, and Ecaterina Andronescu. "Magneto-Mechanically Triggered Thick Films for Drug Delivery Micropumps." Nanomaterials 12, no. 20 (October 13, 2022): 3598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12203598.
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Given the demanding use of controlled drug delivery systems, our attention was focused on developing a magnetic film that can be triggered in the presence of a magnetic field for both drug delivery and the actuating mechanism in micropump biomedical microelectromechanical systems (BioMEMS). Magnetic alginate films were fabricated in three steps: the co-precipitation of iron salts in an alkaline environment to obtain magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4), the mixing of the obtained nanoparticles with a sodium alginate solution containing glycerol as a plasticizer and folic acid as an active substance, and finally the casting of the final solution in a Petri dish followed by cross-linking with calcium chloride solution. Magnetite nanoparticles were incorporated in the alginate matrix because of the well-established biocompatibility of both materials, a property that would make the film convenient for implantable BioMEMS devices. The obtained film was analyzed in terms of its magnetic, structural, and morphological properties. To demonstrate the hypothesis that the magnetic field can be used to trigger drug release from the films, we studied the release profile in an aqueous medium (pH = 8) using a NdFeB magnet as a triggering factor.
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Chursanov, Yury V., Vladimir I. Lutsik, and Anatoly V. Starovoytov. "DISSOLUTION KINETICS OF GOLD IN SYSTEM THIOUREA–THIOSULFATE WITH OXIDANT OF Fe(III)EDTA." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENIY KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 61, no. 12 (December 12, 2018): 94–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt20186100.5728.
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Cyanidation remains the predominant technology for the dissolution of gold from mineral raw materials. Environmental and technological disadvantages in the use of cyanides are the cause of the development of alternative systems, which include reagent-oxidant and reagent-complexant. A special place is occupied by the solvents, in which the formation of heteroligand complexes of gold is possible. Thus due to the formation of more durable compounds the rate of dissolution of the metal increases. In this work, as the ligands the thiourea and the ions of thiosulfate in the form of sodium salt were used, as the oxidant – complex of the iron (III) and EDTA. The influence of the mixed solvent composition on the kinetic characteristics and the reaction mechanism was studied by the rotating disc method. To confirm the role of different ligand complexes, the dependence of the dissolution rate of gold by the mixed system – thiosulphate and thiourea in the isomolar series, was determined. With a constant total ligands concentration, the molar ratio of reagents was changing. On the basis of the data obtained, a mathematical model of the process of oxidative dissolution of gold is proposed. A characteristic feature of the calculated results is a substantial increase in the reaction constants for the formation of heteroligand complexes, which confirms their role in the process of gold oxidation. The influence of pH and concentration of oxidant and ligand-forming substances on the kinetics of gold dissolution is established. To elucidate the mechanism of the limiting stage of the heterophase process, the experimental activation energy is calculated and the effect of the disk rotation frequency on the dissolution rate is studied. The experimental activation energy is 28.1 kJ/mol. The order by the disk rotation frequency is 0.35. Evaluation of the contribution of the diffusion and kinetic components of rate is estimated on the basis of the modified Levich equation for the mixed regime. Diffusion component of rate is almost an order of magnitude smaller than the kinetic one. Calculation of the diffusion flux of the supplied reagents showed that the only process that inhibits mass transfer is the diffusion of the reaction products from the surface of the rotating disc. The formation of more durable heteroligand complexes and a greater equilibrium constant of the oxidation reaction lead to an increase in the concentration of products at the surface and, consequently, to an increase in the rate of diffusion of the metal into the solution. An important factor affecting the oxidation of gold in the system studied is the formation of intermediate solid reaction products on the metal surface. To identify solid products, IR spectra of reflection of polished gold surface after etching in the system studied were obtained. A strong absorption band in the 808-762 cm-1 region is observed on the spectra. Absorption in this region is associated with valence symmetrical vibrations of the bond of the –C = S group adsorbed or chemically bound to the surface of the molecules of thiourea and its oxidation products. Depending on the composition of the solution and the temperature, the maximum of the peak shifts, and its intensity also changes. This can be explained by a change in the composition of the adsorbed compounds. The efficiency of regeneration of the oxidant Fe(III)EDTA by oxygen in thiourea-thiosulfate solution has been showed.
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Kusuda, Satoshi, Takashi Funahashi, Itsuki Adachi, Hanae Yamamoto, Eiji Nagao, Kirito Matsui, and Yuki Akiba. "Fecal Glucocorticoid Metabolites as a Noninvasive Indicator of Stress in the Tsushima Leopard Cats (Prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus): Application to Health Care." Animals 12, no. 9 (April 21, 2022): 1072. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12091072.
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This study investigates whether the measurement of glucocorticoid metabolites (GCMs) in feces is a useful method for the noninvasive evaluation of stress in the endangered Tsushima leopard cats (Prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus). Feces were collected from six seemingly healthy and five diseased (renal dysfunction, adrenal tumor, hernia, feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), feline leukemia virus (FeLV)) Tsushima leopard cats in captivity. Fecal GCMs were measured by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for cortisol. Individuals that experienced a physical examination under anesthesia showed increased fecal GCMs 1–2 days after the event. An individual diagnosed with disk herniation showed decreased fecal GCMs after medical administration. The mean fecal GCM concentrations for six healthy animals and five diseased animals were 0.66 ± 0.08 and 2.65 ± 0.76 μg/g, respectively, which was significantly different. Cortisol and corticosterone were not clearly detected in the feces examined by the use of the HPLC-EIA analysis. GCMs may be excreted in the feces; however, the exact identification of these substances is not achieved. The results suggest that the measurement of fecal GCMs is useful for the husbandry and health management of this species.
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Chou, Dean, Vincent Y. Wang, and Aman Shabi Khan. "PRIMARY DURAL REPAIR DURING MINIMALLY INVASIVE MICRODISCECTOMY USING STANDARD OPERATING ROOM INSTRUMENTS." Operative Neurosurgery 64, suppl_5 (May 1, 2009): ons356—ons358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000338942.11337.da.
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Abstract OBJECTIVE Minimally invasive microdiscectomies are commonly being performed for disc herniations. Although inadvertent dural tears are not common, they do occur. Present management of many dural tears includes fibrin glue or other adhesive substances over the dura, tight closure of the fascia and skin, and possibly bedrest. Because these surgeries are usually performed through a small tube, a primary dural repair can be prohibitively difficult. One reason for the difficulty in a primary closure is that the small tube limits the use of proper opening and closing of standard dural repair instruments as well as the proper angulation of the instruments. METHODS To circumvent this difficulty, we have improvised using commonly available instruments in the operating room for primary dural closure. RESULTS We describe our technique and present a video demonstrating the method of primary dural closure without custom-made instruments. CONCLUSION Primary dual repair during minimally invasive microdiscectomy can be performed using standard operation room instruments, including a standard micropituitary ronguer, 5–0 Prolene suture (Ethicon, Inc., Somerville, NJ), and a laparoscopic knot pusher.
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Liu, Chunye, Rui Wang, Wene Wang, Xiaotao Hu, Wanying Wu, and Fulai Liu. "Different Irrigation Pressure and Filter on Emitter Clogging in Drip Phosphate Fertigation Systems." Water 14, no. 6 (March 9, 2022): 853. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14060853.
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Irrigation pressures and filters have a significant influence on emitter clogging in drip fertigation systems. Exploring the anti-clogging performance of emitters at different irrigation pressures (80, 90, 100 kPa; 40, 50, 60 kPa) and filters (the disc filter with an aperture of 125 μm, the screen filter with an aperture of 125μm, and the screen filter with an aperture of 200 μm) can provide suitable guidance for the design and operation of drip fertigation systems. The average relative discharge (Dra), the Christiansen uniformity coefficient (CU), and the differential pressure (DP) were analyzed to study the anti-clogging performance of flat emitters (FE) and labyrinth emitters (LE). Meanwhile, the scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectrometer were used to observe the surface morphology and chemical composition of clogging substances in filters and emitters. Results showed that the irrigation pressure of 90 and 50 kPa did not cause a significant decrease in Dra, and the Dra of two types of emitters were all great than 95.22%. When the irrigation pressure was 80 and 40 kPa, the Dra decreased significantly (73.48–78.71%, 81.3–83.6% for FE and LE). The CU values of emitters were all greater than 90% except for the irrigation pressures of 80 and 40 kPa. The relative Dra and CU of LE were greater than those of FE, indicating that the LE had a better anti-clogging performance compared with the FE. The decrease in DP reflected an increase in the emitter clogging degree. Meanwhile, irrigation pressures and the interaction between irrigation pressures and filters imposed a significant effect on the CU at a significance level of p < 0.05, p < 0.01, respectively. The clogging process was mainly affected by physical and chemical factors, and the generated clogging substances included phosphate fertilizer, silicate, carbonate, and phosphate precipitations. In conclusion, the best operation mode of phosphate fertilizer in drip fertigation systems was to use the disc filter with an aperture of 125 μm and the LE at the irrigation pressure of 50 kPa. An appropriate irrigation pressure combined with effective filters can reduce emitter clogging while saving water and fertilizer.
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Asanin, Jelena, Ksenija Aksentijevic, Milenko Zutic, Vera Katic, Dejan Krnjaic, Nenad Milic, Ruzica Asanin, and Dusan Misic. "Investigation of susceptibility of Staphylococcus species to some antibacterial drugs by disk diffusion and broth microdilution." Veterinarski glasnik 66, no. 3-4 (2012): 199–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vetgl1204199a.
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The objective of this work was to identify isolated Staphylococcus species and to investigate their sensitivity to some antibacterial drugs. The material used for these investigations were Staphylococcus isolates originating from milk samples. A total of 25 strains of Staphylococcus isolates were examined, including 24 from milk samples from cows with mastitis, and one strain was isolated from a milk sample from a cow following treatment for mastitis. For primary identification, catalase and oxidase tests were used, as well as the free coagulase test. Following the preliminary tests, the isolated strains were identified using commercial systems ID32 STAPH (bioM?rieux, France) and the BBL Crystal Gram-Positive ID Kit (Becton Dickinson, USA) according to the enclosed instructions. The Staphylococcus isolates were examined for sensitivity to the following: oxacillin, penicillin, cefoxitin, gentamicin, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, sulfametoxazol/trimetoprim, and vacomycin using the disk diffusion method and the broth microdilution method as recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Strandards Institute - CLSI(2003), and the results were interpreted according to CLSI recommendations from 2008 and 2010. Antibiogram disks manufactured by Becton Dickinson (USA) were used, and the broth microdilution method was applied using pure antibiotic substances from different manufacturers: erythromycin, chloramphenicol, cefoxitin, gentamicin, oxacillin, tetracycline (Sigma Aldrich, USA), sulfametoxazol (Fluka, USA), penicillin (Calbiochem, Germany), vancomycin (Abbott laboratories, USA), ciprofloxacin and trimetoprim (Zdravlje A.D., Serbia). All 25 strains were catalase positive and oxidase negative. Of the 25 strains, 19 were coagulase positive and 6 were coagulase negative.With the implementation of the disk diffusion method on 19 strains of S. aureus, 17 were established to be resistant to penicillin (89.5%), and 2 strains to gentamicin (10.5%). The investigation of 3 strains of S. xylosus using the disk diffusion method showed that one strain was resistant to tetracycline (33.3%) and to oxacillin (33.3%), while another strain was found to be resistant to penicillin (33.3%). The third strain of S. xylosus was sensitive to all the examined antibiotics. Two strains of S. simulans and one strain of S. haemolyticus were not found to be resistant to any of the examined antibiotics using the disk diffusion method. The implementation of the broth microdilution method yielded in 13 strains of S. aureus resistance to penicillin (68.4%) with MIC values from 0.5 to 4 ?g/m, in 2 strains to gentamicin (10.5%) with MIC values of 32 ?g/ml, and intermediary sensitivity to chloramphenicol was established in 9 strains of S. aureus (47.4%) with MIC values of 16 ?g/ml and to vancomycin in 1 strain of S. aureus (5.3%) with MIC values of 4 ?g/ml.
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Peruč, Dolores, Dalibor Broznić, Željka Maglica, Zvonimir Marijanović, Ljerka Karleuša, and Ivana Gobin. "Biofilm Degradation of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Formed on Stainless Steel Following Treatment with Immortelle (Helichrysum italicum) and Common Juniper (Juniperus communis) Essential Oils." Processes 9, no. 2 (February 16, 2021): 362. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9020362.
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Nontuberculous mycobacteria, like other opportunistic premise plumbing pathogens, produce resistant biofilms on various surfaces in the plumbing system including pipes, tanks, and fittings. Since standard methods of water disinfection are ineffective in eradicating biofilms, research into new agents is necessary. Essential oils (EOs) have great potential as anti-biofilm agents. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to investigate the potential anti-biofilm effect of common juniper (Juniperus communis) and immortelle (Helichrysum italicum) EOs. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC), and minimum effective concentrations of EOs on Mycobacterium avium, M. intracellulare, and M. gordonae were tested. Additionally, biofilms on the surface of a stainless steel disc were treated with single or mixed concentration of EOs, in order to investigate their degeneration via the bacterial count and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). H. italicum EO showed the strongest biofilm degradation ability against all Mycobacteria strains that were tested. The strongest effect in the biofilm degradation after the single or mixed applications of EOs was observed against M. gordonae, followed by M. avium. The most resistant was the M. intracellulare biofilm. Synergistic combinations of J. communis and H. italicum EOs therefore seem to be an effective substance in biofilm degradation for use in small water systems such as baths or hot tubs.
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Hammoud Mahdi, Dima, Jane Hubert, Jean-Hugues Renault, Agathe Martinez, Andreas Schubert, Kathrin Monika Engel, Blaise Koudogbo, et al. "Chemical Profile and Antimicrobial Activity of the Fungus-Growing Termite Strain Macrotermes Bellicosus Used in Traditional Medicine in the Republic of Benin." Molecules 25, no. 21 (October 29, 2020): 5015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25215015.
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The fungus growing termite species Macrotermes bellicosus (M. bellicosus) is used in nutrition and traditional medicine in the Republic of Benin for the treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases. Previous findings demonstrated evidence of anti-inflammatory and spasmolytic properties of M. bellicosus. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of different extracts of M. bellicosus samples and determine the chemical profile of an ethanolic M. bellicosus extract. Chemical profiling was conducted using centrifugal partition chromatography and 13C-NMR, followed by MALDI-TOF MS. Major identified compounds include hydroquinone (HQ), methylhydroquinone (MHQ), 3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl glycol (DHPG), N-acetyldopamine (NADA) and niacinamide. The fatty acid mixture of the extract was mainly composed of linoleic and oleic acid and highlights the nutritional purpose of M. bellicosus. Using the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion and broth microdilution assay, an antibacterial activity of M. bellicosus samples was observed against various clinical strains with a highest growth inhibition of S. aureus. In addition, HQ and MHQ as well as fractions containing DHPG, niacinamide and NADA inhibited S. aureus growth. The reported antimicrobial activity of M. bellicosus and identified active substances provide a rationale for the traditional medicinal use of M. bellicosus.
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Truesdale, Victor W. "Tidying up the environment: A journey from exponential curves to hydrodynamics in environmental batch dissolutions." Pure and Applied Chemistry 83, no. 5 (February 21, 2011): 1113–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-10-08-13.
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This paper reviews progress made over the last decade with the shrinking object approach to the kinetics of batch dissolution. It demonstrates how the O’Connor–Greenberg equation leads to three dissolutions: those that remain well undersaturated, those that saturate with a great excess of solid left-over, and those in the middle ground where saturation is approached or attained, but where much of the solid originally added dissolves. The equations that describe these conditions are discussed, alongside sample results that validate their use with test substances, for example, salts, sucrose, silica gel, and gypsum. The equations are then shown to be consistent with the hydrodynamic approach to dissolution. Finally, further work with middle-ground dissolutions of gypsum lead to a mechanism for the back-reaction, which involves the CaSO40 ion-pair. After comparison with existing studies of calcium carbonate dissolution, it is argued that this is a universal mechanism for salt dissolutions. The work improves batch dissolution as a technique to the point where it can be used synergistically with chemo-stat and rotating disc approaches. Suggestions are made for greater standardization in dissolution conditions, especially in environmental work where the data collected has to have global consistency.
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Utami, Diah Tri. "Antimicrobial Activity of Dadap Serep (Erythrina subumbrans (Hassk.) Merr.) Leaves Extract." Journal of Chemical Natural Resources 1, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jcnar.v1i1.834.
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The leaves of Erythrina has been used in Indonesia as a remedy for rheumatism, stomach-ache, asthma, dysentery, contact dermatitis, eczema and skin infections. However, there have been limited phytochemical or biological studies on the leaves of E. subumbrans and there are not studies that align with its traditional medicinal uses. The aim of this study was to assess the antimicrobial activity of the leaves of E. subumbrans to support its topical use in the treatment of skin infections. Disc diffusion agar assays were used to determine the antimicrobial activities of ethanol extracts of the leaves of E. subumbrans.The ethanol extracts showed the most significant activity with MIC values of 0,5 µg/mL. against a sensitive strain of Staphylococcus epidermidis. Extract concentration of 0,5 mg/ml, 1 mg/ml, 5 mg/ml and 10 mg/ml showed inhibition zone continuously as high as 1,83 mm; 3,42 mm; 5,17 mm, and 8,00 mm. The ethanol extracts of the leaves of E. subumbrans also showed significant activity against Candida albicans with MIC values of 0,5 µg/mL. Extract concentration of 0,5 mg/ml, 1 mg/ml, 5 mg/ml and 10 mg/ml showed inhibition zone continuously as high as 4,00 mm; 4,17 mm; 5,25 mm, and 6,50 mm. Bioactive substance test showed that alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, and triterpenoid were found in E. subumbrans extract indicates potential activity as antimicrobial agent. These results provide support for the customary (traditional and contemporary) use of E.subumbrans leaves for the treatment of nosocomial infections.
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Fontana, Itiana Vianna, Eniva Miladi Fernandes Stumm, Rosane Maria Kirchner, Joseila Sonego Gomes, and Liamara Denise Ubessi. "Stress and coping in familiar of dependent on psychoactive substances." Revista de Enfermagem UFPE on line 5, no. 3 (April 22, 2011): 618. http://dx.doi.org/10.5205/reuol.1262-12560-1-le.0503201109.
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ABSTRACTObjective: to identify and compare the stages of stress for family members of dependent on psychoactive substances in the city of assisted Ijuí/RS, as well as the coping mechanisms they use to cope with stress. Method: this is an analytical, descriptive, cross-sectional study, from quantitative approach, performed with 40 families from March to April 2010. Data collection instruments was “Stress Symptoms Inventory”, an open question about coping and sociodemographic data. It were observed in this study the ethical principles governing research with people whose research project was approved by the Ethics in Research from Unijuí under protocol number 050/2010. Results: the most of participants are women, 35-55 years of age, divorced mothers. As for the stages of stress, 32.5% were in the Intermediate and the Final 60% of stress. The coping strategies mentioned by most family activities were to relax and pray with faith in God. Conclusion: the dependence on psychoactive substances is a reality each day more present in society and constitutes a public heatl problem. Descriptors: physiological stress; family; substance-related disorders; psychological adaptation.RESUMOObjetivo: identificar e comparar as fases de estresse de familiares de dependentes de substâncias psicoativas assistidos no município de Ijui/RS, bem como os mecanismos de enfrentamento utilizados por eles para lidar com o estresse. Método: trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, analítico, descritivo, transversal, com 40 familiares, em março e abril de 2010. Os instrumentos de coleta de dados foram: “Inventário de Sintomas de Stress”, uma pergunta aberta sobre coping e dados sociodemográficos. Observados os preceitos éticos que regem pesquisas com pessoas. Projeto de pesquisa aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade Regional do Noroeste do estado do Rio Grande do Sul-Unijuí, Parecer Consubstanciado nº. 050/2010. Resultados: a maioria é mulher, 35 a 55 anos incompletos, divorciadas, mães. Quanto às fases de estresse, 32,5% estava na intermediária e 60% na final do estresse. As estratégias de coping mencionadas pela maioria dos familiares foram atividades para relaxar e rezar com fé em Deus. Conclusão: a dependência de substâncias psicoativas é uma realidade cada dia mais presente na sociedade e se constitui em um problema de saúde pública. Descritores: estresse fisiológico; estresse psicológico; família; abuso de substâncias psicoativas; adaptação psicológica.RESUMENObjetivo: identificar y comparar las fases de estrés de familiares de dependientes de sustancias psicoactivas asistidos en la municipalidad de Ijuí/RS, bien como los mecanismos de enfrentamiento utilizados por ellos para lidiar con estrés. Método: se trata de un estudio cuantitativo, analítico, descriptivo, transversal, con 40 familiares, entre marzo y abril del 2010. Los instrumentos de recolección de datos fueron: “Inventario de Síntomas de Estrés”, una pregunta abierta sobre coping y datos sociodemográficos. Observados los preceptos éticos que rigen investigaciones con personas. El proyecto de pesquisa fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética en Pesquisa de Unijuí, número de registro 050/2010. Resultados: la mayoría son mujeres, entre 35 y 55 años incompletos, divorciadas, madres. En cuanto a las fases de estrés, 32,5% estaba en la intermediaria y el 60% en el final del estrés. Las estrategias de coping mencionadas por la mayoría de los familiares fueron actividades de relajación y de rezo con fe en Dios. Conclusión: la dependiencia de sustancias psicoactivas es un problema de salud pública. Descriptores: estrés; estrés psicológico; familia; trastornos relacionados con sustâncias; adaptación psicológica.
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Lazic, Sanja, Dragana Sunjka, Mira Pucarevic, Nada Grahovac, Slavica Vukovic, Dusanka Indjic, and Snezana Jaksic. "Monitoring of atrazine and its metabolites in groundwaters of the Republic of Serbia." Chemical Industry 67, no. 3 (2013): 513–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind120508094l.
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The intensive use of atrazine herbicides in the Republic of Serbia during recent decades has led to the accumulation of residues of atrazine and its metabolites in the environment, which endangers groundwater. With the objective to check the presence of atrazine and its metabolites deethylatrazine (DEA) and deisopropylatrazine (DIA) in the groundwater, the monitoring programme was carried out over the period from 2007 to 2009 in the localities where the atrazine-based herbicides were intensively applied for a number of years. Samples were taken from 327 localities, in total there were 1408 samples of groundwater of the first welling-up collected. The atrazine and its metabolites were extracted with methanol by means of ENVI-C18 (47mm) disc, and the residue level of the studied compounds was analyzed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In the most of groundwater samples collected from agricultural regions, average value of all tested analytes was above 0.1 ?g/dm3. The highest values of atrazine and its metabolites were in the localities that is known for intensive maize production and in the areas of this region under orchards and vineyards, where atrazine was used in large quantities. The average values of content of this active substance in analyzed samples are the result of intensive and long-term usage of this group of herbicides, as well as the high level of groundwater in this region.
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Valina, Svetlana L., I. E. Shtina, O. Yu Ustinova, and D. A. Eisfeld. "THE STUDY OF THE NUTRITION FEATURES IN PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN THE PRESENCE OF ALTERNATIVE MENU." Hygiene and sanitation 98, no. 11 (November 15, 2019): 1272–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2019-98-11-1272-1278.
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Introduction. The actual nutrition of primary school students in the organization of public catering with the provision of three diet options for breakfast, which differed in price and range of meals has been analyzed. Material and methods. The survey included the organized nutrition assessment of students according to 36 menu plans using the individual weight method (5960 portions). Food parcel of daily diet has been analyzed according to 149 food diaries. Results. Nutrient content and energy value of the meal in actually consumed rations is 1.7-3.4 times lower than the information presented in the menu and 2.0-2.7 times lower than the average need for nutrients. By comparing three options of ration it was established that the standard breakfast (cost up to 50 rubles) is the scarcest (37%-87%) according to the actual level of nutrients and energy value consuming by students. The alternative breakfast containing additional salads, fish and meat dish, pasta, pastry and bakery products is the most completed according to the consumption of food substances. In the analysis of daily rations of students by food logs, a decrease in the consumption of fish, rye bread, dairy products, eggs, vegetables is established while increasing the consumption level of chicken, pasta, and pastry. Conclusion. The data of the current study testify to the inconsistency between the calculated data of menu plans and actual levels of nutrients incoming with diet, which deficit accouts for 59-87%. The actual consumption of food substances from school breakfasts increases when is accompanied by an alternative menu. It is necessary to improve the control systems for catering in children’s collectives, to use modern models of the student service organization and to form the right stereotypes of food behavior.
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Sulborska, Aneta. "Micromorphology of flowers, anatomy and ultrastructure of Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rausch. (Asteraceae) nectary." Acta Agrobotanica 64, no. 4 (2012): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.2011.043.
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Investigations of the micromorphology of flowers and the structure of nectaries in <i>Chamomilla recutita</i> L. (Rausch.) were carried out with the use of stereoscopic, light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Biseriate glandular trichomes consisting of 5-6 cell layers were found on the surface of the corollas of ray and disc florets. Accumulation of secretion within the subcuticular space was accompanied by degradation of trichome cells. Secretion release followed rupture of the cuticle in the apical part of the trichome. The ovary of the ray florets exhibited characteristic ribs covered with epidermis composed of radially elongated palisade cells. Nectariferous glands were present only in the disc florets. The ring-like nectary (93 × 163 µm; height × diameter) was located above the inferior ovary. The gland structure was formed by single-layer epidermis and 5-8 layers of specialised nectariferous parenchyma. Nectar was released via modified 15-20 µm wide stomata. The guard cells were slightly elevated above the surface of the other epidermal cells or were located slightly below them. The stomatal cells were characterised by small external and internal cuticular ledges. No vascular bundles were observed in the nectary. The gland was supplied by branches of vascular bundles reaching the style and ending at the nectary base. The nectariferous tissue was formed by isodiametric cells with a diameter of 11-20 µm. The cell interior was filled with electron dense cytoplasm containing a large nucleus, numerous pleomorphic plastids, mitochondria with a distinct system of cristae, Golgi bodies, ER profiles, and ribosomes. The plastid stroma was characterised by presence of pastoglobuli, intraplastid tubules, and lighter zones. Several small vacuoles were found in each cell. Plasmodesmata were visible in the walls of some cells. Lighter periplasmic space in which apoplastic transport of nectar might take place was observed between the plasmalemma and the cell wall. The presence of an osmiophilic substance in the intercellular spaces additionally corroborates this assumption.
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Muhsinin, Soni, Dini Zamzami Salsabilla, Yanni Dhiani Mardhiani, and Garnadi Jafar. "Formulation and Evaluation of a Turmeric Kombucha Facial Toner with Potential as an Anti-Acne Agent." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 13, no. 1 (January 15, 2023): 68–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v13i1.5721.
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Propionibacterium acnes is one of the gram-positive bacteria that causes acne. Many acne treatments use synthetic drugs that have side effects. One alternative for treatment is using fermented products such as kombucha. The potential of kombucha as an anti-acne can be increased by adding turmeric during the fermentation process. The product is Turmeric Kombucha, which will be applied to the skin. The cosmetic dosage form developed is Facial Toner. The research to be carried out aims to formulate and test the activity of turmeric kombucha facial toner preparations against P.acnes bacteria. The novelties of this research include increasing the anti-acne activity of Turmeric Kombucha and the addition of Turmeric Kombucha as an active ingredient in facial toner preparations that meet the evaluation requirements, activity tests, and stability tests. The stages of the method started with Turmeric Kombucha fermentation with variations in turmeric concentration and fermentation time. The fermentation results will be tested for antibacterial activity using the paper disc diffusion method. Turmeric Kombucha, which has the highest activity, is then used as an active substance in facial toner preparations, which will be evaluated and tested for stability. The results of the evaluation of facial toner preparations, all formulas meet the requirements for organoleptic, pH, and viscosity tests. The stability test results for facial toner preparations show that F3 is a stable formula at room temperature storage and extreme temperatures. Based on the results of the irritation test, kombucha turmeric facial toner did not irritate. The antibacterial test results showed that all formulas could inhibit P.acnes bacteria with F3 as the formula with the most effective inhibition diameter of 7.33 ± 0.57 mm, then F1 and F4 6.33 ± 0.57 mm, and F2 6 ± 0 mm. This study concludes that fermented turmeric kombucha can be formulated as an anti-acne facial toner.
Keywords: paper disc diffusion, Propionibacterium acnes, facial toner, Turmeric Kombucha
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Levaya, Ya K., М. Е. Zholdasbaev, G. А. Atazhanova, and S. B. Akhmetova. "Antibacterial activity of ultrasonic extracts of Salvia stepposa growing in Kazakhstan." Bulletin of the Karaganda University. “Biology, medicine, geography Series” 101, no. 1 (March 29, 2021): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2021bmg1/45-49.
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This article presents data on the studies on antibacterial activity of ultrasonic extracts of Salvia stepposa (steppe sage) growing wild on the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Screening for the antibacterial activity of the presented samples was carried out by the disc-diffusion method against strains of gram-positive bacteria Staphylococus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, gram-negative strains Escherichia coli and the yeast Candida albicans. The results showed that in relation to Staphylococus aureus the most pronounced antibacterial activity with growth inhibition zones 35 ± 1 mm is possessed by 30 % ultrasonic extract of steppe sage flowers, in relation to Bacillus subtilis 49 ± 1 mm — 40 % ultrasonic extract of steppe sage leaves, for Escherichia coli 24 ± 1 mm — 70 % ultrasonic extract of steppe sage leaves. This study demonstrated that, 30 % ultrasonic extract of flowers and 90 % ultrasonic extract of flowers and leaves of steppe sage showed weak activity against yeast fungus Candida albicans with growth inhibition zones 12 ± 1 mm, 12 ± 1 mm and 11 mm, respectively. As a result, out of 8 extracts isolated by ultrasonic activation only 2 extracts showed antibacterial activity against 4 studied bacteria. Additionally, it was found that the use of ultrasonic extraction can reduce the extraction time of biologically active substances in 8–9 times compared to conventional extraction methods.
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Woziwodzka, Anna, Marta Krychowiak-Maśnicka, Grzegorz Gołuński, Anna Łosiewska, Agnieszka Borowik, Dariusz Wyrzykowski, and Jacek Piosik. "New Life of an Old Drug: Caffeine as a Modulator of Antibacterial Activity of Commonly Used Antibiotics." Pharmaceuticals 15, no. 7 (July 15, 2022): 872. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph15070872.
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With the rapid and continuous emergence of antimicrobial resistance, bacterial infections became a significant global healthcare concern. One of the proposed strategies to combat multidrug-resistant pathogens is to use additional compounds, such as natural biologically active substances, as adjuvants for existing antibiotics. In this study, we investigated the potential of caffeine, the widely consumed alkaloid, to modulate the antibacterial effects of antibiotics commonly used in clinical practice. We used disc diffusion assay to evaluate the effects of caffeine on 40 antibiotics in two Staphylococcus aureus strains (methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive). Based on the results of this step, we selected five antibiotics for which the greatest caffeine-induced improvements in antibacterial activity were observed, and further analyzed their interactions with caffeine using a checkerboard approach. Caffeine at concentrations of 250 µg/mL or higher halved the MIC values of ticarcillin, cefepime, gentamycin, azithromycin, and novobiocin for all gram-negative species investigated (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Acinetobacter baumannii). At the highest caffeine concentrations tested (up to 16 mg/mL), decreases in MIC values were 8- to 16-fold. The obtained results prove that caffeine modulates the activity of structurally diverse antibiotics, with the most promising synergistic effects observed for cefepime and azithromycin toward gram-negative pathogens.
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Ucella-Filho, João Gilberto Meza, Mário Sérgio Lorenço, Elias Costa Souza, Geraldo Márcio da Costa, Roberta Hilsdorf Piccoli, Ananias Francisco Dias Júnior, and Fábio Akira Mori. "Tannin-rich tree bark extracts inhibit the development of bacteria associated with bovine mastitis." BioResources 17, no. 4 (October 7, 2022): 6578–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.17.4.6578-6587.
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Condensed tannins were quantified in the barks of selected tree species, and the antibacterial activity of these substances against clinical and subclinical isolates of bovine mastitis were evaluated. Tree barks from Mimosa tenuiflora, Mimosa caesalpiniifolia, Anacardium occidentale, and Stryphnodendron adstringens were used, as well as commercial tannin from Acacia mearnsii. The tannins were extracted using a mixture of ethyl alcohol and acetone. The moisture content (MC), Stiasny index (SI), total solids content (TSC), and condensed tannins (CT) were measured. The evaluation of antimicrobial activity was determined by applying the disk diffusion test. The species that showed the highest CT were M. tenuiflora and A. occidentale, with 37.3% and 37.3%, respectively. The highest SI were obtained by the species A. occidentale and M. caesalpiniifolia, with values above 90%. The bacterium with the lowest resistance to the use of tannins was Streptococcus uberis. A. mearnsii was the only one capable of inhibiting the growth of Escherichia coli, with a mean inhibition halo of 9 mm. All species under study showed high values of condensed tannins in their barks. In addition to showing good performance as antimicrobial agents, these tannins indicated potential applications in the development of natural medicines for the treatment of bovine mastitis.
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Ergün, Fatma. "Satureja hortensis L.’nin Fitokimyasallarının ve Antioksidan Kapasitesinin Belirlenmesi." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 10, sp1 (December 30, 2022): 2635–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v10isp1.2635-2639.5577.
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Thyme is one of the spices that is widely consumed in the regions where it grows and is used in many dishes, especially soups, and gives a regional identity to the dish where it is used. In this study, the amount of phytochemicals and antioxidant capacity of the plant Satureja hortensis L. (süpürge kekiği, çibriska) which grows spontaneously and is used as a spice in meals in the Karakoçlar settlement area of Olur district of Erzurum province was investigated. The total amounts of phenolic and flavonoid substances were determined to be 40.85±0.85 mg GAE/g and 26.52±0.46 mg QE/g, respectively. In addition, the DPPH radical scavenging activity of the plant extract was calculated as 45.24 ±3.47 μg TE/mL and the IC50 value was calculated as 177.11±0.99 μg/mL. It was determined that the Cu2+ reducing antioxidant capacity of the S. hortensis plant extract was 2162.09±113.61 μg TE/mL and the Fe3+ reducing antioxidant capacity was 24.36±4.59 μg TE/mL. As a result, it was concluded that the S. hortensis plant, which is known with different names in different regions, has antioxidant potential and can be used as a natural antioxidant source in addition to its common use.
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Tleubayeva, Meruyert I., Ubaidilla M. Datkhayev, Mereke Alimzhanova, Margarita Yu Ishmuratova, Nadezhda V. Korotetskaya, Raisa M. Abdullabekova, Elena V. Flisyuk, and Nadezhda G. Gemejiyeva. "Component Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of CO2 Extract of Portulaca oleracea, Growing in the Territory of Kazakhstan." Scientific World Journal 2021 (January 22, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5434525.
Full textAbstract:
In the medicine of many countries, the use of herbal healing agents included a significant contribution to improving human health and well-being. Many antibiotics have been widely used to treat infectious diseases caused by various pathogenic bacteria. However, increased multidrug resistance has led to increased severity of diseases caused by bacterial pathogens. Bacteria remain the main causative agents of diseases that cause human death, even in the present day. This cause prompted scientists to investigate alternative new molecules against bacterial strains. The significant interest for the study is Portulaca oleracea L. (family Portulacaceae), a widespread annual plant used in folk medicine. Thus, the production and study of CO2 extract of Portulaca oleracea is an actual problem. Methods. Raw materials were collected from Almaty and Zhambyl regions (Southeast and South Kazakhstan) in phase flowering. Portulaca oleracea herb’s CO2 extract was obtained by subcritical carbon dioxide extraction (installation of carbon dioxide flow-through extraction- 5L). The Wiley 7th edition and NIST’02 library were used to identify the mass spectra obtained. The antimicrobial activity study was conducted by the micromethod of serial dilution and disco-diffuse method. Standard test strains of microorganisms were used: Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538-P, Candida albicans ATCC 10231, and Escherichia coli ATCC 8739. Results. The use of carbon dioxide extraction (further CO2 extract) is a promising direction of obtaining total medicinal substances containing biologically active substances, from fractions of volatile esters of various composition and functional purpose until a fraction of fatty acids and fat-soluble vitamins. In the current study, we obtained CO2 extract at subcritical conditions from aboveground organs of Portulaca oleracea and investigated the component composition for the first time. From 41 to 66 components were identified in the composition of Portulaca oleracea‘s CO2 extract. Studies of antimicrobial activity showed that CO2 extract of Portulaca oleracea had the expressed effect against clinically significant microorganisms such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Candida albicans. Conclusions. This study showed that CO2 extract of Portulaca oleracea’s raw material contained biological active compounds exhibiting a significant antimicrobial effect.