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1
Takajo, Daiji, and Sanjeev Aggarwal. "A rhabdomyoma in the right ventricle presenting as hemodynamics of hypoplastic right heart." Cardiology in the Young 30, no. 10 (August 5, 2020): 1527–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951120002358.
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AbstractRhabdomyomas are the most common paediatric cardiac tumours. The natural history of these tumours is mostly benign, and the tumour usually regresses spontaneously. Although surgical resection of these tumours is one of the considerations in patients with ventricular outflow obstruction, a palliation with Blalock–Taussig shunt is an alternative approach with the hope of regression of the tumour over time. We report a case of prenatally diagnosed rhabdomyomas in the right ventricle and its outflow presenting as hemodynamic simulating hypoplastic right ventricle in a newborn. She required prostaglandin and Blalock–Taussig shunts palliation for pulmonary flow and subsequent regression of tumours.
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Low, Shoen CS, Richard HG Lo, Te-Neng Lau, London Lucien PJ Ooi, Chee-Keong Ho, Bien-Soo Tan, Alexander YF Chung, Wen-Hsin Koo, and Pierce KH Chow. "Image-guided Radiofrequency Ablation of Liver Malignancies: Experience at Singapore General Hospital." Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 35, no. 12 (December 15, 2006): 851–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v35n12p851.
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Introduction: The aim of this paper was to study the efficacy, side effects and complications of radiofrequency (RF) ablation of primary and metastatic liver malignancies. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 57 patients (39 men, 18 women; mean age, 63 years; age range, 44 to 83 years) who underwent RF ablation for liver malignancies from January 2002 to December 2004. A total of 87 tumours were ablated – 71 (81.6%) hepatocellular carcinomas and 16 (18.4%) metastases (from primaries in the colon, stomach and pancreas). RF ablation was performed either percutaneously (n = 71) under conscious sedation or intraoperatively (n = 16) under general anaesthesia. Follow-up ranged from 1 month to 41 months (mean, 15.2) and included computed tomography (CT) 1 day, 1 month and 3 months after ablation, and half-yearly thereafter. Patients were observed for local tumour progression and for the emergence of new tumours. Results: Four patients with a total of 5 tumours were lost to follow-up. Of the remaining 82 tumours treated, complete ablation was attained in 66 tumours after a single procedure, giving a primary effectiveness rate of 80.5%. Seven (8.5%) required 2 procedures to achieve complete ablation, giving a secondary effectiveness rate of 89% after 2 ablations. One tumour (1.2%) required 3 procedures to achieve complete ablation. One tumour required 4 procedures to date, with the latest follow-up CT still demonstrating incomplete ablation. Two tumours (2.4%) had an initial RF ablation and subsequent transarterial chemoembolisation (TACE). One tumour had an initial RF ablation followed by 32Phosphorus-biosilicon (BrachySil®) injection, the latter as part of a Phase IIA trial. One tumour required 2 RF ablations and a subsequent TACE. Lastly, 3 tumours received initial RF ablation but subsequent local tumour progression was not treated as the patients were deemed unfit for repeat ablation. No procedure-related deaths or major complications were encountered. Minor complications were reported in 2 patients (3.8%) – subcapsular haematoma and thermal injury to the adjacent gastric antrum, both not necessitating surgical intervention. Conclusions: RF ablation is an effective, safe and relatively simple procedure for the treatment of unresectable liver malignancies. Key words: Hepatocellular carcinoma, Liver neoplasms, Radiofrequency ablation, Therapeutic chemoembolisation
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Ishii, Norihiro, Kenichiro Araki, Takehiko Yokobori, Mariko Tsukagoshi, Takamichi Igarashi, Akira Watanabe, Norio Kubo, Keitaro Hirai, Ken Shirabe, and Hiroyuki Kuwano. "Presence of Cytokeratin 19-Expressing Cholangiocarcinoma-Like Tumour in a Liver Metastatic Lesion of Rectal Neuroendocrine Tumour." Case Reports in Gastroenterology 10, no. 2 (August 12, 2016): 431–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000446641.
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Introduction: Tumours with adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine components have often been reported, although the reason underlying the dual components remains unclear. Case Presentation: A 43-year-old woman with multiple liver metastatic lesions of rectal neuroendocrine tumour underwent primary tumour resection and subsequent liver transplantation. Pathological examination indicated a cholangiocarcinoma-like tumour with gland formation, adjacent to a liver metastatic lesion of the neuroendocrine tumour. This tumour comprised atypical columnar epithelium, and stained positively for neuroendocrine markers and the ductal marker cytokeratin 19, indicating amphicrine properties and a partial cholangiocarcinoma phenotype – features not observed in the primary and metastatic neuroendocrine tumours. Conclusion: The presence of adenocarcinoma only at the metastatic site indicated that neuroendocrine tumour cells acquired stemness and differentiated into adenocarcinoma through metastasis, or that the adenocarcinoma newly arose from the adjacent epithelium influenced by the neuroendocrine tumour. We propose a novel mechanism for the pathogenesis of mixed tumours in neuroendocrine tumours.
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Bryan, Richard T., Stuart I. Collins, Mark C. Daykin, Maurice P. Zeegers, KK Cheng, D. Michael A. Wallace, and Graham M. Sole. "Mechanisms of recurrence of Ta/T1 bladder cancer." Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England 92, no. 6 (September 2010): 519–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/003588410x12664192076935.
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INTRODUCTION Bladder cancer recurrence occurs via four mechanisms - incomplete resection, tumour cell re-implantation, growth of microscopic tumours, and new tumour formation. The first two mechanisms are influenced by clinicians before and immediately after resection; the remaining mechanisms have the potential to be influenced by chemopreventive agents. However, the relative importance and timing of these mechanisms is currently unknown. Our objective was to postulate the incidence and timing of these mechanisms by investigating the location of bladder cancer recurrences over time. PATIENTS AND METHODS The topographical locations of tumours and their recurrences were analysed retrospectively for 169 patients newly-diagnosed with Ta/T1 bladder cancer, with median follow-up of 33.8 months. Tumours were assigned to one or more of six bladder sectors, and time to recurrence and location of recurrences were recorded. RESULTS Median time to first tumour recurrence was 40 months. Median times between subsequent recurrences were 6.6, 7.9, 8.0 and 6.6 months for recurrences 1 to 2, 2 to 3, 3 to 4, and 4 to 5, respectively. The risk of first tumour recurrence in any given bladder sector increased by nearly 4-fold if the primary tumour was resected from that sector (P < 0.001); this association was not significant for subsequent recurrences. The proportion of tumour recurrences in multiple bladder sectors increased from 13% for the first recurrence to 100% for recurrence seven onwards. CONCLUSIONS First tumour recurrence appears different to subsequent recurrences; incomplete resection and tumour cell re-implantation may dominate at this time-point. Only later does genuine new tumour formation appear to increase in importance. This has important implications for clinical trials, especially those involving chemopreventive agents.
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Al-Balas, Mahmoud, Antonio De Leo, Margherita Serra, Donatella Santini, and Mario Taffurelli. "Granular cell tumour of the breast: A rare presentation of a breast mass in an elderly female with a subsequent breast cancer diagnosis." SAGE Open Medical Case Reports 7 (January 2019): 2050313X1984115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050313x19841154.
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A 74-year-old female patient presented with a hard breast mass and dimpling with a clinical suspicion of a carcinoma. Histological evaluation revealed a granular cell tumour. Granular cell tumour is a rare neoplasm, mostly benign in origin that may arise in every body site, 5%–15% of cases occur in the breast. It is strongly suggested that granular cell tumours origin is Schwann cells. Clinically, granular cell tumours presentation may mimic mammary carcinoma and their similar features on mammography and ultrasound make it difficult to differentiate between them.
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Escada, Pedro, Clara Capucho, José Madeira Silva, Carlos Bentes Ruah, José Pratas Vital, and Rui Silva Penha. "Cavernous haemangioma of the facial nerve." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 111, no. 9 (September 1997): 858–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100138812.
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AbstractFacial nerve haemangiomas are probably the most frequent benign tumours involving the facial nerve in its intratemporal portion. Usually facial nerve dysfunction is present when these tumours are of extremely small size, the average tumour being less than 10 mm. We present a case of a 15 mm diameter cavernous haemangioma of the geniculate region, with histological findings of nerve infiltration, without facial nerve symptoms. The atypical clinical presentation justifies the report and subsequent literature review.
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Gravius, S., O. Weber, G. Goldmann, P. Pennekamp, J. Oldenburg, G. Pagenstert, D. C. Wirtz, A. Seuser, and P. Berdel. "Pseudo tumours in haemophilia patients." Hämostaseologie 29, S 01 (2009): S74—S76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1621498.
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SummaryPseudo tumours are amongst the rare yet pathognomonic complications of haemophilia. They are old, encapsulated haematomas which due to their sometimes enormous size can cause massive complaints. These haematomas are surrounded by a thick fibrous capsule. They are attributed to persistent bleedings. The pathophysiology of pseudo tumors is not conclusively established yet. Some believe that they originate from bone material or the periosteum, while others suggest their development from soft tissue. They spread aggressively, displace the surrounding tissue, and cause secondary periosteal erosion of the bone. This results in bone resorption and destruction of surrounding muscular and soft tissue. Pseudo tumours develop slowly over many years. They occur primarily in adults and are largely unresponsive to conservative treatment. Case:A 48-year-old man with moderate hemophilia A (FVIII : C 2%) and no FVIII inhibitor. Due to recurrent bleeding into the muscle of the right thigh diagnosis of two pseudo tumours (psoas, adductor magnus). In 2004 tumour extirpation with subsequent relapse; because of high local bleeding tendency (despite permanent prophylaxis with FVIII concentrate and adjusted lifestyle) surgical revision in 02/2008. Postoperatively, no recurrent bleeding; the patient is fully fit for work three months later. Conclusion: In order to reduce the complication rate when a pseudo tumor is suspected, patients should be treated in a specially equipped interdisciplinary center with adequately trained and experienced surgeons and haemostaseologists.
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Watson, John, and Siew Yeam Chuah. "Technique for the primary culture of human breast cancer cells and measurement of their prostaglandin secretion." Clinical Science 83, no. 3 (September 1, 1992): 347–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0830347.
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1. A method is described for the primary culture of human breast tumour cells on feeder layers of the STO mouse embryo fibroblast cell line. 2. The secretion of the prostaglandins E2 and F2α from the cells was measured and the results indicate that the secretion of both prostaglandins was dependent on oestrogen-receptor status, with cells from oestrogen-receptor-positive tumours secreting significantly more prostaglandin than cells from oestrogen-receptor-negative tumours. 3. Postaglandin E2, but not prostaglandin F2α, secretion was also significantly greater from cells of tumours from postmenopausal women than from cells of tumours from premenopausal women. Small (< 3 cm) tumours secreted significantly more prostaglandin than large (> 3 cm) tumours, and increased levels of prostaglandin were secreted with advancing clinical stage (T1-T4). 4. Additional evidence for increased prostaglandin metabolism in oestrogen-receptor-positive tumours compared with oestrogen-receptor-negative tumours was obtained from studies on the uptake of [14C]arachidonic acid from the cultures. Significantly more labelled arachidonic acid was incorporated into cells from oestrogen-receptor-positive tumours compared with oestrogen-receptor-negative tumours, with the subsequent release of more prostaglandin in response to various stimuli.
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Nyanti, Larry E., Andy Sing Ong Tang, Adam Malik b. Ismail, Lee Ping Chew, and Tze Shin Leong. "Spontaneous tumour lysis syndrome as a rare presentation of thymoma with peripheral blood lymphocytosis." Proceedings of Singapore Healthcare 31 (April 2022): 201010582210899. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20101058221089989.
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Tumour lysis syndrome is common in haematological malignancies but is rarely reported in solid tumours. Peripheral blood lymphocytosis is an autoimmune feature of thymomas. We report a 63-year-old female who presented with a mediastinal mass, spontaneous tumour lysis syndrome and a leukoerythroblastic picture on peripheral blood film. Bone marrow aspiration and trephine biopsy ruled out haematological malignancy. Subsequent biopsy of the mediastinal mass confirmed thymoma. This is the first reported case of thymoma with peripheral blood lymphocytosis presenting with spontaneous tumour lysis syndrome. Clinicians are reminded that solid tumours may masquerade as haematological malignancies in the presence of peripheral blood lymphocytosis, hence careful clinical evaluation is needed to differentiate between the two diagnoses.
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Morcavallo, Alaide, Karen Barker, Toma Adachi, Jessica K. R. Boult, Colin Kwok, Patricia Benites Goncalves da Silva, Konstantin Okonechnikov, et al. "TMOD-03. A NOVEL MB GR3 TRANSGENIC MOUSE MODEL IS GENERATED BY MYCN AND P53 DEFECTS IN VENTRICULAR ZONE PROGENITORS." Neuro-Oncology 23, Supplement_1 (June 1, 2021): i36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noab090.144.
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Abstract Medulloblastoma (MB) represents the most common embryonal tumour of the Central Nervous System in childhood. MB occurs in the cerebellum and molecular features dictate the classification into four subgroups. Although Group3 (Gr3) MB tumours are dominated by primitive progenitor-like cells, the cells of origin remain unidentified. Gr3 MB is associated with relatively common MYC family member amplification and overexpression, often combined with p53 pathway defects at relapse. Molecularly stratified treatment is not yet available, causing Gr3 MB and its subsequent relapse to often represent an unstoppable progressive disease. The limited understanding of Gr3 tumorigenesis and targeted therapy development is also due to the lack of faithful in vivo models and consequently, their use in preclinical studies. We have now developed a new germline genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM), harbouring MYCN amplification in a p53 inactive background (tamoxifen-inducible p53 activation, Trp53ERTAM). The purpose of the GEMM is to investigate the developmental significance of MYC aberration in putative Gr3 MB cells of origin and exploit it in preclinical studies. A LSL-MYCN-Luciferase strain was crossed with mice expressing Cre recombinase under the Blbp promoter and subsequently to Trp53ERTAM inducible mice. As result, the MYCN overexpression alone did not generate tumours, conversely to the combination of MYCN with p53 deregulation. Tumours arise exclusively in the hindbrain of homozygote mice, with a penetrance of 100% and a latency of ~135 days. Pathology report suggests tumours are Gr3 MB with large cell/anaplastic (LCA) histology. Preliminary transcriptional profiling data analysis reveals that tumours share molecular features with human counterparts, clustering with Gr3 MB. Ongoing analysis will explore the tumour cells of origin, followed by tumour progression alteration restoring p53 activity and blood-brain barrier integrity status. In conclusion, we have developed a MYCN/Trp53ERTAM Gr3 MB GEMM arising from ventricular zone progenitor cells and resembling human cancer characteristics.
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Sharjeel Usmani, Sarah Murad, Fareeda al Kandari, and Muneera Al Maraghy. "Krukenburg tumour: Role of 18F-FDG PET/CT in identifying the primary site." Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association 74, no. 4 (February 11, 2024): 597–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.47391/jpma.24-20.
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Krukenberg tumours are a rare form of metastatic tumours of the ovary. They primary site is usually the gastro-intestinal system with the most common being gastric cancer. We present the case of a 35-year-old female coming in with a large pelvi-abdominal mass for investigation. This pelvic mass showed mild to moderate metabolic activity. 18F-FDG PET-CT was able to identify the primary gastric carcinoma. Subsequent histopathology confirmed this to be gastric adenocarcinoma with metastases to the ovary. Keywords: 18F-FDG PET-CT, metastatic gastric carcinoma, Krukenburg tumour.
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Pianezza, Michael L., Jack Slatnik, and Howard J. Evans. "Clear cell myomelanocytic tumour: minimally invasive treatment of a rare bladder tumour." Canadian Urological Association Journal 2, no. 3 (April 2, 2013): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.5489/cuaj.606.
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Clear cell myomelanocytic tumours are extremely rare neoplastic growths considered to be members of the family of perivascular epithelioid cell tumours (PEComas), which have in common the coexpression of melanocytic and smooth muscle immunohistochemical markers. These tumours are known to be ubiquitous with uncertain tumour biology and to have unpredictable clinical behaviour. They have been reported in the genitourinary tract, including the kidney and prostate. There are only 3 reported cases of clear cell myomelanocytic tumours originating in the urinary bladder. We report a case of a 24-year-old woman with chronic pelvic pain who underwent laparoscopic partial cystectomy and total excision of a bladder mass. Pathological examination revealed primary PEComa of the urinary bladder. Subsequent follow-up procedures, including cystoscopy and imaging, have not revealed any evidence of disease recurrence. The patient remains clinically free of disease 3 months after surgery.
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Sadien, Iannish D., Sam Adler, Shenay Mehmed, Sasha Bailey, Ashley Sawle, Dominique-Laurent Couturier, Matthew Eldridge, et al. "Polyclonality overcomes fitness barriers in Apc-driven tumorigenesis." Nature 634, no. 8036 (October 30, 2024): 1196–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08053-0.
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AbstractLoss-of-function mutations in the tumour suppressor APC are an initial step in intestinal tumorigenesis1,2. APC-mutant intestinal stem cells outcompete their wild-type neighbours through the secretion of Wnt antagonists, which accelerates the fixation and subsequent rapid clonal expansion of mutants3–5. Reports of polyclonal intestinal tumours in human patients and mouse models appear at odds with this process6,7. Here we combine multicolour lineage tracing with chemical mutagenesis in mice to show that a large proportion of intestinal tumours have a multiancestral origin. Polyclonal tumours retain a structure comprising subclones with distinct Apc mutations and transcriptional states, driven predominantly by differences in KRAS and MYC signalling. These pathway-level changes are accompanied by profound differences in cancer stem cell phenotypes. Of note, these findings are confirmed by introducing an oncogenic Kras mutation that results in predominantly monoclonal tumour formation. Further, polyclonal tumours have accelerated growth dynamics, suggesting a link between polyclonality and tumour progression. Together, these findings demonstrate the role of interclonal interactions in promoting tumorigenesis through non-cell autonomous pathways that are dependent on the differential activation of oncogenic pathways between clones.
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Rupoli, Serena, G. Goteri, P. Picardi, S. Pulini, A. Tassetti, S. Mulattieri, A. Stronati, et al. "Other Tumours in Primary Cutaneous Lymphomas." Blood 110, no. 11 (November 16, 2007): 4417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.4417.4417.
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Abstract Patients with primary cutaneous lymphomas (PCLs) are treated with multiple therapeutic regimens, which may increase the risk of subsequent solid and haematological neoplasms. The aim of our study was to assess the incidence of other malignancies in our series of PCLs. From March 1994 to January 2007, 272 patients with PCLs (179 M, 93 F, median age 65 yr, range 14–88) were referred to our center for staging, treatment and follow-up. The clinical charts were reviewed to detect the incidence of malignancies occurred before or after the diagnosis of PCL or concomitantly. The series was composed by 228 patients (150 M, 78 F, median age 66 yrs) with T-cell lymphomas (202 Mycosis Fungoides/MF, 10 Sézary Syndrome/SS, 9 CD30+ PCL, 7 non MF/non CD30+ T cell PCL); 43 patients (28 M, 15 F, median age 60 yrs) with B-cell lymphomas (25 Follicular/FL, 14 marginal/MZL, 3 Leg-type, 1 Lymphoblastic) and one patient with CD4+/CD56+ hematodermic neoplasm. Chemotherapy was administered to 48 patients. During follow-up 12 patients died for the disease and 24 for other causes. A second tumor was observed in 41 patients (15%): 6 of them experienced more than one neoplasms: overall we observed 48 malignancies, 38 solid and 10 haematological. The other neoplasms appeared similarly before (20) and after (21) the diagnosis of PCL; in 7 cases they were diagnosed simultaneously. Solid tumours (17 preceding, 4 concurrent, 17 subsequent) were diagnosed in: skin (11), colon (5), lung (4), breast (3), CNS (3), bladder (2), liver (2), kidney (2), uterus (2), testis (1), prostate (1), stomach (1), thyroid (1). The haematological malignancies (3 preceding, 3 concurrent, 4 subsequent) were: B-cell lymphomas (4), acute myeloid leukemias (3), plasmocytoma (1), T-cell lymphoma (1), Hodgkin’s lymphoma (1). Among the six patients with more than one adjunctive neoplasms one patient had lung and kidney carcinoma preceding PCL; two patients a preceding carcinoma (skin and bladder, respectively) and subsequently a lung carcinoma; other two patients showed both a preceding and a concurrent neoplasm (skin and colon carcinoma, B-cell lymphoma and skin carcinoma, respectively). Finally a patient had a preceding skin carcinoma, a concurrent nodal Hodgkin’s lymphoma and a subsequent nodal B-cell lymphoma. So we have reported 48 other neoplasms in 41 patients within 272 PCLs (15%). The occurrence of the other malignancy was not related to the B/T phenotype of PCLs, as it was observed in 35/228 (15.4%) T-cell lymphomas (32 MF, 2 SS, 1 non MF/non CD30+ T cell lymphoma) and in 6/43 (14%) B-cell lymphomas (3 FL, 3 MZL; χ2 test: P=0.88). The interval of occurrence was longer for tumors preceding (median 60 mo.s, range 8–180) than for tumors following PCL (median 45, range 6–122). The administration of chemotherapy for PCL was not associated with an increased incidence of second neoplasm(χ2 test, P=0.77). Multicentric studies might help in elucidating the role of genetic and immunitary factors in the pathogenesis of multiple neoplasms in patients with PCLs.
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Daskalopoulou, D., K. Gourgiotou, E. Thodou, S. Vaida, and S. Markidou. "Rapid cytological diagnosis of primary skin tumours and tumour-like conditions." Acta Dermato-Venereologica 77, no. 4 (July 1, 1997): 292–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2340/0001555577292295.
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This study presents the results of fine needle aspiration cytology performed on 1,263 skin lesions which were clinically suspicious for neoplasia. The purpose of the study was to investigate the accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology for the diagnosis of skin tumours and to assess its clinical value. Twenty-one to 27 Gauge needles were used and the specimens were stained by a quick Giemsa stain. The cytological examination reported 826 primary malignant tumours and 437 benign lesions. Five hundred and thirteen of the cytologically malignant cases and 123 of the benign ones had a subsequent histological examination. The correlation between cytology and histology revealed 6 false positive cytological results and one false negative. Persuaded by our results, we believe that fine needle aspiration cytology can give highly reliable information concerning the histological type or primary skin tumours. It can also detect or exclude relapses of previously treated neoplasms. The procedure is non-traumatic, safe, quick, inexpensive and very well tolerated by the patients.
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Davidson, Callam T., Eileen Miller, Morwenna Muir, John C. Dawson, Martin Lee, Stuart Aitken, Alan Serrels, et al. "11β-HSD1 inhibition does not affect murine tumour angiogenesis but may exert a selective effect on tumour growth by modulating inflammation and fibrosis." PLOS ONE 18, no. 3 (March 20, 2023): e0255709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255709.
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Glucocorticoids inhibit angiogenesis by activating the glucocorticoid receptor. Inhibition of the glucocorticoid-activating enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) reduces tissue-specific glucocorticoid action and promotes angiogenesis in murine models of myocardial infarction. Angiogenesis is important in the growth of some solid tumours. This study used murine models of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) to test the hypothesis that 11β-HSD1 inhibition promotes angiogenesis and subsequent tumour growth. SCC or PDAC cells were injected into female FVB/N or C57BL6/J mice fed either standard diet, or diet containing the 11β-HSD1 inhibitor UE2316. SCC tumours grew more rapidly in UE2316-treated mice, reaching a larger (P<0.01) final volume (0.158 ± 0.037 cm3) than in control mice (0.051 ± 0.007 cm3). However, PDAC tumour growth was unaffected. Immunofluorescent analysis of SCC tumours did not show differences in vessel density (CD31/alpha-smooth muscle actin) or cell proliferation (Ki67) after 11β-HSD1 inhibition, and immunohistochemistry of SCC tumours did not show changes in inflammatory cell (CD3- or F4/80-positive) infiltration. In culture, the growth/viability (assessed by live cell imaging) of SCC cells was not affected by UE2316 or corticosterone. Second Harmonic Generation microscopy showed that UE2316 reduced Type I collagen (P<0.001), whilst RNA-sequencing revealed that multiple factors involved in the innate immune/inflammatory response were reduced in UE2316-treated SCC tumours. 11β-HSD1 inhibition increases SCC tumour growth, likely via suppression of inflammatory/immune cell signalling and extracellular matrix deposition, but does not promote tumour angiogenesis or growth of all solid tumours.
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Tang, Ka-Wei, and Erik Larsson. "Tumour virology in the era of high-throughput genomics." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 372, no. 1732 (September 11, 2017): 20160265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0265.
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With the advent of massively parallel sequencing, oncogenic viruses in tumours can now be detected in an unbiased and comprehensive manner. Additionally, new viruses or strains can be discovered based on sequence similarity with known viruses. Using this approach, the causative agent for Merkel cell carcinoma was identified. Subsequent studies using data from large collections of tumours have confirmed models built during decades of hypothesis-driven and low-throughput research, and a more detailed and comprehensive description of virus–tumour associations have emerged. Notably, large cohorts and high sequencing depth, in combination with newly developed bioinformatical techniques, have made it possible to rule out several suggested virus–tumour associations with a high degree of confidence. In this review we discuss possibilities, limitations and insights gained from using massively parallel sequencing to characterize tumours with viral content, with emphasis on detection of viral sequences and genomic integration events. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Human oncogenic viruses’.
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Lim, Yizhe, Thomas Alfred Ball, and Wen Wei Chin. "Pathological ankle fracture due to brown tumour: atypical presentation of low serum vitamin D with normal parathyroid hormone and bone profile." BMJ Case Reports 15, no. 11 (November 2022): e251726. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2022-251726.
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Osteoclastomas or brown tumours are named as such due to increased vascularity, subsequent haemorrhage and haemosiderin deposition giving the lesion a reddish brown appearance under gross microscopic examination. It is due to an increase in parathyroid hormone activity from several causes, such as parathyroid adenomas, renal impairment and low vitamin D levels. The lesions increase the tendency of the bone to fracture. The challenging aspect of the diagnosis is that a histological diagnosis without immunohistochemistry is impossible to make. This is because, without special staining, brown tumours cannot be differentiated from giant cell tumours, which are also classed as benign but can be locally destructive and has potential for malignant transformation. Once tissue diagnosis is confirmed as a brown tumour, then aggressive forms of treatment are not needed, and they generally resolve once the underlying cause is treated. We describe a woman in her 80s who presented to the local Orthopaedic service with a pathological ankle fracture due to a brown tumour.
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BMZ, Hameed, Padmaraj Hegde, Milap Shah, Bhavan Prasad Rai, Joseph Thomas, Kanthilatha Pai, Nithesh Naik, and Bhaskar Somani. "Cold en bloc excision (CEBE) of bladder tumours using Zedd excision scissors: a prospective, pilot, safety and feasibility study." Therapeutic Advances in Urology 12 (January 2020): 175628722097223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1756287220972230.
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Background: Transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT) is the traditional technique of choice for endoscopically suspected bladder tumours. Cold En Bloc Excision (CEBE) using novel Zedd scissors is proposed for endoscopic treatment of patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). The aim of this study was to evaluate feasibility and safety of CEBE of bladder tumours using Zedd scissors. Methods: A pilot prospective study of patients who underwent a CEBE of suspicious bladder tumours using Zedd scissors was conducted. A total of 23 patients underwent CEBE for suspected bladder tumours using Zedd scissors. New and recurrent tumours <3 cm were included in the study. The outcome measures were the presence of detrusor muscle (DM) and obturator nerve reflex (ONR), bladder perforation rates, specimen cautery artefacts, recurrence rates and complication rates. The mean age was 64 years ± 10.41 (range: 49–83 years). The median follow up was 4 months (range 1–9 months). The mean tumour size was 1.8 cm ± 0.40 (range: 0.8–2.6 cm). Tumours were located in the lateral wall ( n = 11), dome ( n = 2), posterior wall ( n = 6), trigone ( n = 2), anterior wall ( n = 4) and the junction of lateral and posterior wall ( n = 4). Results: There was no ONR or bladder perforation and none of the patients had any complications. DM was present in 21 patients (91%). There was no tumour identified at the circumferential margins. There was no cautery artefact reported in any case. No patients had a recurrence at first follow up cystoscopy and two patients had out of field recurrence at subsequent cystoscopies. Conclusion: CEBE with Zedd scissors is a promising en bloc excision technique for bladder tumour. It is a safe and feasible for excision of tumours less than 3 cm. The early oncological outcomes are comparable with existing en bloc resection techniques (ERBT) for NMIBC.
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Mistry, Kiki, Marta Penna, Shiva Dindyal, and Hasan Mukhtar. "A Mucinous Cystic Neoplasm of the Mesocolon Showing Features of Malignancy." Case Reports in Surgery 2012 (2012): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/727105.
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Mucinous cystic neoplasms are rare tumours of uncertain histogenesis. They arise from the ovaries, pancreas, and other intra-abdominal sites but more unusually from the mesocolon. They can present with abdominal pain, distension, or a palpable mass but are commonly an incidental finding. We describe the case of a 48-year-old woman who was found to have an incidental left pelvic cyst on computed tomography. Subsequent laparoscopic excision and histological analysis demonstrated the cyst to be a borderline malignant mucinous tumour arising from the mesocolon. Mucinous tumours should be considered in the differential diagnosis of all intra-abdominal cysts and treatment should be by surgical complete excision.
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Sobocińska, A. A., M. Niemira, A. Szałkowska, B. Wojtaś, J. Trubicka, W. Grajkowska, E. Matyja, and M. Łastowska. "P13.04 Transcriptional profiling differentiates spinal cord ependymal tumours from other glial tumours in children." Neuro-Oncology 21, Supplement_3 (August 2019): iii62—iii63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noz126.225.
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Abstract BACKGROUND Spinal cord tumours in children include ependymal and other tumours of glial origin, all of them displaying GFAP marker. Some tumours may present difficulties in histopathological diagnosis e.g. due to intratumour heterogeneity. Therefore, molecular approach should be examined for its diagnostic usefulness. We investigated a series of originally diagnosed spinal cord ependymal tumours, using transcriptional profiling, to confirm if molecular classification is compatible with histopathological diagnosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Overall, 9 patients diagnosed between 2001 and 2014 in The Children’s Memorial Health Institute (CMHI) in Warsaw, Poland, were included in the analysis. 4 patients were diagnosed with GI myxopapillary ependymomas, 3 patients with GII and 2 patients with GIII grade ependymal tumours. Total RNA was extracted from FFPE tumour samples using RNeasy kits (Qiagen). Transcriptional profiling was performed using NanoString nCounter system analysis. Tumours were analysed according to the manufacturer’s procedures for hybridization, detection and scanning. Raw counts for each gene underwent technical and biological normalization using nSolver software. A custom NanoString CodeSet consisted of 8 marker genes: GFAP as a glial marker, CAPS and FAM81B as the markers for ependymal tumours and OLIG1, OLIG2, PMP2, KLRC3 and C1orf61 as the markers for other gliomas. Marker genes were identified by re-analysis of publically available microarrays data from childhood brain tumour samples. Histopathological reassessment of tumour preparations was performed by two experienced neuropathologists. RESULTS Hierarchical clustering of 9 samples revealed that two tumours clustered separately and displayed low expression of ependymal markers but high expression of all other glioma markers. Subsequent histopathological re-analysis of preparation of the later 2 tumours showed that one of them displayed features of pilocytic astrocytoma with loose, microcytic and fibrillary areas accompanied by advanced myxoid degenerative changes mimicking the picture of myxopapillary ependymoma. The second tumour revealed heterogeneous morphology with areas of diffuse low grade astrocytoma, pilocytic astrocytoma and fragments displaying ependymal features, including angiocentric pattern with ependymoma-like perivascular arrangement of neoplastic cells. CONCLUSION The results of analysis indicate that RNA expression profiling from FFPE tumour samples using NanoString nCounter system may be a useful approach in differentiation of ependymal tumours from other glial tumours with misleading morphology located in the spinal cord in children. Funded by the National Science Centre, Poland (2016/21/B/NZ2/01785 and 2016/23/B/NZ2/03064).
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Abolins, Arnis, Ilze Strumfa, Andrejs Vanags, Genadijs Trofimovics, and Janis Gardovskis. "Granular Cell Tumour of the Breast Cancer: Challenging Clinical and Radiological Mimic of Cancer." Acta Chirurgica Latviensis 12, no. 1 (December 1, 2012): 84–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10163-012-0017-5.
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SummaryGranular cell tumours (GCT) are rare soft tissue neoplasms of unclear histogenesis affecting almost any organ or tissues. Approximately 5% of GCT cases are located in the breast. Although granular cell tumour is benign in most instances, it can mimic breast cancer by radiological and clinical traits. Increased awareness of GCT is necessary to avoid misinterpretation as cancer and subsequent overtreatment
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Robertson, Holly, Albena T. Dinkova-Kostova, and John D. Hayes. "NRF2 and the Ambiguous Consequences of Its Activation during Initiation and the Subsequent Stages of Tumourigenesis." Cancers 12, no. 12 (December 2, 2020): 3609. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12123609.
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NF-E2 p45-related factor 2 (NRF2, encoded in the human by NFE2L2) mediates short-term adaptation to thiol-reactive stressors. In normal cells, activation of NRF2 by a thiol-reactive stressor helps prevent, for a limited period of time, the initiation of cancer by chemical carcinogens through induction of genes encoding drug-metabolising enzymes. However, in many tumour types, NRF2 is permanently upregulated. In such cases, its overexpressed target genes support the promotion and progression of cancer by suppressing oxidative stress, because they constitutively increase the capacity to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), and they support cell proliferation by increasing ribonucleotide synthesis, serine biosynthesis and autophagy. Herein, we describe cancer chemoprevention and the discovery of the essential role played by NRF2 in orchestrating protection against chemical carcinogenesis. We similarly describe the discoveries of somatic mutations in NFE2L2 and the gene encoding the principal NRF2 repressor, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) along with that encoding a component of the E3 ubiquitin-ligase complex Cullin 3 (CUL3), which result in permanent activation of NRF2, and the recognition that such mutations occur frequently in many types of cancer. Notably, mutations in NFE2L2, KEAP1 and CUL3 that cause persistent upregulation of NRF2 often co-exist with mutations that activate KRAS and the PI3K-PKB/Akt pathway, suggesting NRF2 supports growth of tumours in which KRAS or PKB/Akt are hyperactive. Besides somatic mutations, NRF2 activation in human tumours can occur by other means, such as alternative splicing that results in a NRF2 protein which lacks the KEAP1-binding domain or overexpression of other KEAP1-binding partners that compete with NRF2. Lastly, as NRF2 upregulation is associated with resistance to cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy, we describe strategies that might be employed to suppress growth and overcome drug resistance in tumours with overactive NRF2.
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McGarry, G. W., and Ed K. Mackenzie. "Second primary tumours of the larynx following bronchial carcinoma." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 104, no. 8 (August 1990): 629–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002221510011343x.
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AbstractThe occurrence of multiple primary malignancies in patients with laryngeal cancer is well known. The possibility that lung cancer patients may be at risk of subsequent laryngeal cancer is less well recognized. The possibility of laryngeal cancer developing later has implications for the follow-up of lung cancer patients.Three cases of subsequent laryngeal primary cancer occurring in survivors of bronchial cancer are presented and the implications are discussed.
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Magetsari, Rahadyan, Hengkie Marseno, Zikrina Lanodiyu, and Punto Dewo. "Accuration of Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy in Musculoskeletal Tumour." International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) 5, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v5i2.4776.
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Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) has been reported to be the preferable choice of biopsy for musculoskeletal tumour. While FNAB appears to have advantages to core biopsy in the aspect of simplicity and cost, the diagnostic accuracy should be the most critical parameter in determining the choice of biopsy. This research was designed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of fine needle aspiration in musculoskeletal tumour in Sardjito Hospital from 2010 until 2014. This was a descriptive study from medical record in Sardjito Hospital from 2010 until 2014. The inclusion criteria are musculoskeletal tumours in all age level that has been performed FNAB with subsequent operative treatment and confirmation of histopathology examination in Sardjito Hospital. There were 41 elligible subjects in this study. Concordance diagnosis of FNAB and histopathological examination in all musculoskeletal tumor cases was found to be 86%. In addition, the concordance in soft tissue tumor cases was 94% with the detail as follows: giant cell tumor was 86%, synovial sarcoma was 50% and liposarcoma was 50%. In bone tumours, the accuracy was found to be 60% with the detail as follows: distribute osteosarcoma was 60%, osteochondroma was 50% and chondrosarcoma was 50%. Our data showed that accuracy of FNAB for diagnosis of musculoskeletal tumours was 86% with soft tissue tumour 94%, bone tumour 60% and others 93%. Therefore, Fine needle aspiration biopsy is still important diagnosis tool in musculoskeletal tumours.
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Magetsari, Rahadyan, Hengkie Marseno, Zikrina Lanodiyu, and Punto Dewo. "Accuration of Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy in Musculoskeletal Tumour." International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) 5, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/.v5i2.4776.
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Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) has been reported to be the preferable choice of biopsy for musculoskeletal tumour. While FNAB appears to have advantages to core biopsy in the aspect of simplicity and cost, the diagnostic accuracy should be the most critical parameter in determining the choice of biopsy. This research was designed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of fine needle aspiration in musculoskeletal tumour in Sardjito Hospital from 2010 until 2014. This was a descriptive study from medical record in Sardjito Hospital from 2010 until 2014. The inclusion criteria are musculoskeletal tumours in all age level that has been performed FNAB with subsequent operative treatment and confirmation of histopathology examination in Sardjito Hospital. There were 41 elligible subjects in this study. Concordance diagnosis of FNAB and histopathological examination in all musculoskeletal tumor cases was found to be 86%. In addition, the concordance in soft tissue tumor cases was 94% with the detail as follows: giant cell tumor was 86%, synovial sarcoma was 50% and liposarcoma was 50%. In bone tumours, the accuracy was found to be 60% with the detail as follows: distribute osteosarcoma was 60%, osteochondroma was 50% and chondrosarcoma was 50%. Our data showed that accuracy of FNAB for diagnosis of musculoskeletal tumours was 86% with soft tissue tumour 94%, bone tumour 60% and others 93%. Therefore, Fine needle aspiration biopsy is still important diagnosis tool in musculoskeletal tumours.
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Ashford, Robert U., Jeremy Stanton, Farid Khan, Jean A. S. Pringle, Stephen R. Cannon, and Timothy W. R. Briggs. "Surgical Treatment of Chondrosarcoma of the Sternum." Sarcoma 5, no. 4 (2001): 209–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13577140120099209.
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Purpose:We reviewed all tumours of the sternum referred to The London Bone and Soft Tissue Tumour Service between 1956 and 1997 inclusive.Patients and results:There were eight patients with this pathology, the male to female ratio was 3:1 and their mean age was 53 years. Of these patients, three are alive and disease free, one is alive with recurrence, and four have died, two of the consequences of the disease and two of unrelated causes. Surgery is the principal treatment of these tumours both for excision and subsequent reconstruction.Discussion:Extended disease-free survival is possible with correct diagnosis, complete excision at the first operation, appropriate skeletal reconstruction, adequate skin cover and appropriate postoperative support and follow-up.
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Eustace, A. J., S. F. Madden, J. Fay, D. M. Collins, E. W. Kay, K. M. Sheehan, S. Furney, et al. "The role of infiltrating lymphocytes in the neo-adjuvant treatment of women with HER2-positive breast cancer." Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 187, no. 3 (May 13, 2021): 635–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10549-021-06244-1.
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Abstract Background Pre-treatment tumour-associated lymphocytes (TILs) and stromal lymphocytes (SLs) are independent predictive markers of future pathological complete response (pCR) in HER2-positive breast cancer. Whilst studies have correlated baseline lymphocyte levels with subsequent pCR, few have studied the impact of neoadjuvant therapy on the immune environment. Methods We performed TIL analysis and T-cell analysis by IHC on the pretreatment and ‘On-treatment’ samples from patients recruited on the Phase-II TCHL (NCT01485926) clinical trial. Data were analysed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and the Spearman rank correlation. Results In our sample cohort (n = 66), patients who achieved a pCR at surgery, post-chemotherapy, had significantly higher counts of TILs (p = 0.05) but not SLs (p = 0.08) in their pre-treatment tumour samples. Patients who achieved a subsequent pCR after completing neo-adjuvant chemotherapy had significantly higher SLs (p = 9.09 × 10–3) but not TILs (p = 0.1) in their ‘On-treatment’ tumour biopsies. In a small cohort of samples (n = 16), infiltrating lymphocyte counts increased after 1 cycle of neo-adjuvant chemotherapy only in those tumours of patients who did not achieve a subsequent pCR. Finally, reduced CD3 + (p = 0.04, rho = 0.60) and CD4 + (p = 0.01, rho = 0.72) T-cell counts in 'On-treatment' biopsies were associated with decreased residual tumour content post-1 cycle of treatment; the latter being significantly associated with increased likelihood of subsequent pCR (p < 0.01). Conclusions The immune system may be ‘primed’ prior to neoadjuvant treatment in those patients who subsequently achieve a pCR. In those patients who achieve a pCR, their immune response may return to baseline after only 1 cycle of treatment. However, in those who did not achieve a pCR, neo-adjuvant treatment may stimulate lymphocyte influx into the tumour.
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Canney, A., K. Sheahan, D. Keegan, M. Tolan, J. Hyland, and A. Green. "Synchronous lung tumours in a patient with metachronous colorectal carcinoma and a germline MSH2 mutation." Journal of Clinical Pathology 62, no. 5 (April 27, 2009): 471–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jcp.2008.063008.
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Mutations of DNA mismatch repair genes are characterised by microsatellite instability and are implicated in carcinogenesis. This mutation susceptible phenotype has been extensively studied in patients with hereditary non-polyposis colon carcinoma, but little is known of the contribution of such mutations in other tumour types, particularly non-small-cell lung carcinoma. This report describes the occurrence of two synchronous lung tumours, one mimicking a metastatic colon carcinoma, in a male patient with a history of metachronous colonic carcinoma. Immunohistochemistry supported a pulmonary origin for both lesions. Mismatch repair protein immunohistochemistry showed loss of MSH2 and MSH6 expression in both colonic tumours and in one lung tumour showing enteric differentiation. Subsequent mutational analysis demonstrated a deleterious germline mutation of the MSH2 mismatch repair gene. The significance of these findings and the practical diagnostic difficulties encountered in this case are discussed.
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Daniel, Paul, Brian Meehan, Siham Sabri, George Shenouda, Jann Sarkaria, Janusz Rak, and Bassam Abdulkarim. "EXTH-09. NEO-ADJUVANT TEMOZOLOMIDE INCREASES THE EFFICACY OF SUBSEQUENT CONCURRENT CHEMORADIATION IN A TRANSGLUTAMINASE-2 DEPENDENT MANNER." Neuro-Oncology 22, Supplement_2 (November 2020): ii88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noaa215.363.
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Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) is invariably fatal due to failure of current chemoradiation (Stupp) regimes. Biomarkers such as MGMT have proven to predict response to Temozolomide (TMZ). An equivalent biomarker for radiation (RT) has not yet been identified. Transglutaminase-2 (TGM2) has been implicated in driving radiation resistance; but the mechanism is poorly understood. We have investigated how exposure to neoadjuvant TMZ in glioma stem cells (GSCs) with different levels of TGM2 would affect the response to RT. MATERIALS/METHODS: Primary GSCs lines with different TGM2 levels (high: 1123, 83; low: 528, OPK49) were used to explore the role of TGM2 in RT response and modulation of expression by TMZ in vitro and in-vivo. RESULTS: We showed that TGM2 drives radioresistance in GSCs through restriction of p53 mediated repression of RAD51 expression. We demonstrate that exposure of GSCs to TMZ drives rapid downregulation of TGM2 in vitro and this phenomenon is recapitulated in vivo. Interestingly, we confirm that RT is able to drive reciprocal changes in TGM2 and promotes reactivation of TGM2 in TGM2-high tumours but not TGM2-low tumours. Given these observations, we hypothesized that exposure to neoadjuvant TMZ in TGM2-low tumours would increase the efficacy of subsequent RT in these tumours. Comparison of the effect of standard treatment consisting of 3 weeks of concurrent TMZ and RT (Stupp) to a novel regime (neo-Stupp) consisting of 1 week of neoadjuvant TMZ followed by two weeks of TMZ and hypofractionated RT revealed a superior survival benefit of this novel regime in TGM2-low tumours but not in TGM2-high tumours. Utilization of the TGM2 inhibitor GK921 in combination with neo-Stupp prevented rapid relapse previously observed in TGM2-high tumours. CONCLUSION: We provide evidence that TGM2 is a biomarker of RT response and can be used to tailor chemoradiation protocols to the unique biology of each individual GBM patient.
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Wang, Qi, Fei Xiong, Guanhua Wu, Da Wang, Wenzheng Liu, Junsheng Chen, Yongqiang Qi, Bing Wang, and Yongjun Chen. "SMAD Proteins in TGF-β Signalling Pathway in Cancer: Regulatory Mechanisms and Clinical Applications." Diagnostics 13, no. 17 (August 26, 2023): 2769. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13172769.
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Suppressor of mother against decapentaplegic (SMAD) family proteins are central to one of the most versatile cytokine signalling pathways in metazoan biology, the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) pathway. The TGF-β pathway is widely known for its dual role in cancer progression as both an inhibitor of tumour cell growth and an inducer of tumour metastasis. This is mainly mediated through SMAD proteins and their cofactors or regulators. SMAD proteins act as transcription factors, regulating the transcription of a wide range of genes, and their rich post-translational modifications are influenced by a variety of regulators and cofactors. The complex role, mechanisms, and important functions of SMAD proteins in tumours are the hot topics in current oncology research. In this paper, we summarize the recent progress on the effects and mechanisms of SMAD proteins on tumour development, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis, and provide clues for subsequent research on SMAD proteins in tumours.
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Odokuma, Emmanuel Igho. "Spectrum of Fibroblastic lesions in University of Benin Teaching Hospital; A twenty year retrospective study." International Journal of Forensic Medical Investigation 1, no. 1 (November 20, 2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21816/ijfmi.v1i1.4.
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IntroductionFibrous tumours are have been shown to occur commonly though the actual incidence is unknown since the lesions are predominantly benign and patient presentation is usually based on cosmesis. The few malignant varieties are however of great importance in health management hence this study which was aimed at determining the pattern of fibroblastic lesion in UBTH.Materials and methodThis was a retrospective study involving all anatomical pathology consultations in UBTH over twenty year period (January 1990- December 2010). The study involved records of all consultants made within the period and selection of the fibroblastic lesion and subsequent categorization according to WHO standard selected diagnosis were reviewed to confirm previous result according to current protocol.ResultThe study revealed that fibroma’s were the most common lesions constituting 52% of the recorded fibrous tumours while fibro sarcomas were the next most common. Nodular fasciitis were the least common. The mean age of fibrous tumour was 40.44 years old. While benign fibrous tumour occurred in the mid adulthood, malignant lesions presented predominantly in the elderly. The percentage prevalence of fibroblastic tumours was 0.137%Similarly the extremities were the most common sites of presentation; most benign tumour occurred in the upper extremities unlike the malignant variety that was distributed mainly to the lower extremity.ConclusionFibrous tumours are relatively common predominantly benign neoplasms which are more common in males than females. These lesions occur mainly in middle to late age intervals and are distributed to the extremities in most cases.
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Sharma, Jayendra, Yasutaka Hirata, and Ralph S. Mosca. "Surgical repair in neonatal life of cardiac haemangiomas diagnosed prenatally." Cardiology in the Young 19, no. 4 (August 2009): 403–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951109004168.
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AbstractAlthough cardiac tumours are rare, such tumours are increasingly being diagnosed with increasing frequency and great accuracy by antenatal ultrasound. Cardiac haemangiomas account for less than one-twentieth of all primary cardiac tumours, with most being diagnosed in the neonatal period. We report 3 instances of successful neonatal resection of cardiac haemangioma subsequent to prenatal diagnosis. Such diagnosis is important in perinatal management, since early surgical intervention provides a good prognosis.
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Walshaw, Richard, Jamie Honeychurch, Joanne Roberts, Jacqueline Swan, Laura Dean, Ananya Choudhury, and Tim Illidge. "Radiotherapy-induced immunogenic effects in bladder cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 7_suppl (March 1, 2019): 418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.7_suppl.418.
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418 Background: Many patients with bladder cancer (BC) undergo radiotherapy (RT) during the course of their treatment. There is emerging evidence that RT can cause immune stimulatory changes within the tumour microenvironment (TME), potentially contributing to its efficacy. We aimed to determine if RT induces immunogenic changes in murine BC cell lines, and develop a pre-clinical model of BC with a TME reflective of de novo tumours in order to test this premise in vivo. Methods: Immunogenic effects of RT were determined using murine vaccination studies with irradiated tumour cells. RT-induced immuno-phenotypic changes in surface antigen expression on tumour cells were ascertained using flow cytometry. An orthotopic BC model was established using MBT2 cells instilled intravesically in C3H/Hen mice, and resulting tumours monitored with ultrasound (US). We used immunohistochemical (IHC) staining to determine the immune contexture of the TME within developing orthotopic tumours. Results: C57BL/6 mice inoculated with irradiated MB49 cells demonstrated improved survival compared to control mice after subsequent rechallenge with viable tumour cells. This effect was not seen in C3H mice implanted with irradiated MBT2 cells. RT led to upregulation of immune stimulatory molecules CD80, MHC I, and Fas on MB49 but not MBT2 cells. Tumours developed in 80% of mice following catheter implant, and visible on US 3-4 weeks after instillation. Profiling of the TME with IHC demonstrated that tumours contained few CD8+ T-cells, but high numbers of myeloid cells. Conclusions: RT induces immune stimulatory effects on murine BC cells, including upregulation of several surface proteins. In future work, we will determine the effects of RT on the TME in the orthotopic model, and correlate these with the expression of various immunogenic cell surface proteins. This may lead to the discovery of a biomarker to predict which patients with BC would benefit from combination of an immunomodulatory agent with RT.
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Jot, Kiran, Reddipalli Sharath, Ongkila Bhutia, and Varun Surya. "Mutational analysis of BRAFV600E in a case of sialadenoma papilliferum of oral cavity." Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology 28, no. 3 (July 2024): 488–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_72_24.
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Abstract This case report presents a rare benign salivary gland tumour called sialadenoma papilliferum. It comprises 3 to 5% of head and neck tumours and about 1% of all minor salivary gland tumours. The focus is on discussing the BRAFV600E mutation analysis and exploring its clinical implications, along with delving into the histopathological differentials. We documented a 73-year-old male, who had a white patch in the left retromolar trigone region for 6 months. The tumour was excised with a clinical diagnosis of verrucous lesion. Microscopic examination revealed exophytic hyperplastic parakeratotic stratified squamous epithelium and endophytic ductal papillary proliferation. The BRAFV600E mutation was present in the patient. Subsequent regular follow-ups were conducted, revealing no recurrence of the condition. This case underscores the pivotal role of BRAFV600E analysis as an invaluable diagnostic tool when confronted with the intricacies of intraoral salivary gland neoplasms.
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Schmitz, G., L. Füzesi, J. Struck, U. Siefker, A. Hamann, C. O. Sahlmann, M. Hüfner, and J. Meller. "Expression of the sodium iodide symporter in differentiated thyroid cancer." Nuklearmedizin 44, no. 03 (2005): 86–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1625711.
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Summary Aim: Molecular analysis of the expression of the sodium iodide symporter (NIS) in 32 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) and correlation with scintigraphic findings (131I,123I) in 19 (59.4%) of them. Patients, methods: NIS expression of 27 primary tumours, 13 lymphnodes and 18 distant metastases was determined by immunostaining using a murine monoclonal anti-NIS-antibody. NIS expression and radionuclide uptake of metastases were analysed by a semiquantitative visual score. Patients were divided into two subgroups: Group 1 (n = 8 patients): indirect correlation of radioiodine uptake (RIU) of subsequent metastases with NIS expression of 7 primary tumours and 3 metastases; Group 2 (n=11 patients): direct correlation of radionuclide uptake with NIS expression of 19 metastases which were excised after imaging. Results: 49 of 58 specimens (84.5%) were NIS-positive. A preserved NIS-expression was found in 12 primary tumours and 8 of 10 (80%) synchrone and 6 of 7 (85.7%) metachrone metastases. Group 1 revealed a 100% positive predictive value (PPV) of a preserved NIS expression in the primary tumour regarding radioiodine uptake in metastases while a lack of NIS expression in the primary tumor did not reliable predict a loss of the metastases’ ability to concentrate radioiodine. In group 2, only 11 of 19 (57.9%) specimens showed a concordant NIS expression and RIU whereas in the remaining 8 cases without visible RIU NIS expression was still present. Conclusions: NIS expression of the primary tumour and metastases in DTC is usually well preserved. We found a positive correlation between NIS expression of the primary and metastatic tissue but could not identify such well correspondence between NIS expression and the RIU of subsequent metastases.
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Kappelin, Johan, Ingela Ahnlide, Åsa Ingvar, and Kari Nielsen. "The Burden of Multiple Basal Cell Carcinomas: A Population-wide Study." Acta Dermato-Venereologica 104 (May 27, 2024): adv40112. http://dx.doi.org/10.2340/actadv.v104.40112.
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Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a common skin cancer type and affected individuals are known to be at risk of developing multiple consecutive tumours. Research into BCC multiplicity has, thus far, been challenging, due to a lack of national registration. This registry-based cohort study aimed to analyse the occurrence of multiple BCCs in Sweden, and risk factors for subsequent primary BCCs. Data regarding all histopathologically verified, primary BCC tumours in Sweden from 2004 to 2017 was extracted from the Swedish BCC Registry. Risk of developing a subsequent BCC in relation to person-related factors was estimated with Cox regression analysis. Cumulative risk of BCC development after 1 or 3 earlier BCCs was estimated. In total, 39.9% of individuals with a registered BCC had at least 2 registered tumours. The risk of developing a subsequent BCC increased significantly in males, older age, and with residence in southern Sweden. The cumulative 5-year risk of developing an additional BCC after first diagnosis was approximately 30% in males and 27% in females and increased after multiple previous BCCs. This study showed the cumulative risk of a subsequent BCC to increase with a history of multiple BCCs, indicating the need for clinical surveillance in these individuals.
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Gupta, Sudharshan, and Simon Pradeep Pavamani. "Sinonasal phosphaturic mesenchymal tumour: radiation oncologist’s perspective." BMJ Case Reports 16, no. 9 (September 2023): e255896. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2023-255896.
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Tumour-induced osteomalacia is a rare cause of osteomalacia, the majority of which is of mesenchymal origin. Oncogenic osteomalacia is a potentially curable condition caused by phosphaturic mesenchymal tumours. We present the case of a woman in her 30s with a sinonasal phosphaturic mesenchymal tumour, treated with surgical excision followed by adjuvant intensity-modulated radiotherapy and subsequent adjuvant chemotherapy. The patient experienced minimal adverse effects during radiation. There was good local control and cosmetic outcomes with no radiation-related toxicity at a follow-up period of 32 months.
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Breda, Cristiano, Andrea Zuin, Giuseppe Marulli, Alessandra Galligioni, and Federico Rea. "Giant localized fibrous tumours of the pleura: Report of three subsequent cases." Lung Cancer 52, no. 2 (May 2006): 249–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lungcan.2006.02.001.
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Oosthuizen, J. C., S. Kennedy, and C. Timon. "Glomangiopericytoma (sinonasal-type haemangiopericytoma)." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 126, no. 10 (July 17, 2012): 1069–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215112001569.
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AbstractBackground:Glomangiopericytoma is a rare sinonasal tumour of perivascular myoid phenotype, which accounts for less than 1 per cent of all sinonasal tumours.Objective:Discussion of the clinical presentation, histopathological features and advances in the management of sinonasal and skull base glomangiopericytoma.Case report:A 32-year-old woman presented with worsening nasal obstruction, anosmia, severe frontal headaches and right-sided proptosis. Radiographic and endoscopic examination revealed a right-sided, vascular mass involving the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses and anterior skull base. Histopathological features were consistent with a glomangiopericytoma. Complete endoscopic resection with free margins was achieved.Conclusion:Glomangiopericytomas are rare, vascular, sinonasal tumours. Successful management depends on complete resection, traditionally achieved via an open approach. However, recent advances in endoscopic surgical approaches have enabled complete endoscopic resection of these tumours, minimising morbidity and facilitating subsequent surveillance of the operative site.
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Connor, Kate, Emer Conroy, Kieron White, Liam Shiels, Simon Keek, Abdalla Ibrahim, William Gallagher, et al. "MODL-24. ESTABLISHING A CLINICALLY RELEVANT CT AND ASSOCIATED RADIOMICS PIPELINE FOR INTRACRANIAL RODENT TUMOUR MODELS." Neuro-Oncology 24, Supplement_7 (November 1, 2022): vii295—vii296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noac209.1151.
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Abstract While magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the predominant imaging modality for glioblastoma (GBM), pre-clinical MRI scanner availability is limited. As pre-clinical CT is more widely available and cost-effective, this study aimed to 1) establish preclinical-GBM CT and CT-radiomic workflows, 2) identify whether CE-CT could detect murine orthotopic GBM tumours on two CT instruments [TRIUMPHX-O-CT; IVISSPECTRUM-CT], 3) assess whether CT-radiomic features could distinguish tumour from normal tissue, and support earlier detection of tumours, 4) verify translation of pre-clinical CT-radiomic pipelines to, and assess pre-clinical CT-features in, clinical CE-CT scans.U87R-Luc2(n=25) and NFpp10a-Luc2(n=10) orthotopic GBM models were established and tumours monitored via bioluminescence imaging (BLI). Concurrently, mice underwent CE-CT (IV-iodine/300mg/mL/50kV-scan). Extracted radiomic features (PyRadiomics) underwent dimensionality reduction (Spearman correlation; >0.85). Remaining features were analysed (Recursive feature elimination (RFE)/RepeatedCV/randomforest) in normal and tumour tissue and across timepoints (TRIUMPHX-O-CT-Wk3vsWk6,Wk6vsWk9/12; IVISSPECTRUM-CT-Wk6vsWk9/12).CE-CT and radiomic pipelines were successfully established for orthotopic GBM models, using both CT-systems. On visual assessment of images, BLI was significantly more sensitive, with tumours detectable at Wk1 (BLI) vs Wk9 (CE-CT). However, RFE analysis identified CT-radiomic features (first_order&glcm) which differentiated tumour from normal tissue (TRIUMPHX-O-CT). A subsequent feature set (first_order,glcm,gldm&glzm) were identified (TRIUMPHX-O-CT/IVISSPECTRUM-CT), detecting tumours earlier (Wk3&Wk6) than possible by visual assessment of CTs. Preclinical radiomic methods were successfully applied to exploratory clinical CE-CT scans(n=10). Here, several preclinical CT-features (e.g. Zone_Entropy) showed increased intensity in tumour regions. Overall experimental BLI is the most sensitive method for pre-clinical intracranial tumour detection. However, analysis of clinically relevant CT-radiomic features may facilitate tumour identification and earlier tumour detection (Wk3/Wk6-TRIUMPHX-O-CT/Wk6-IVISSPECTRUM-CT) than possible by visual assessment of CT (Wk9). Clinically relevant CT-derived radiomic features may therefore support intracranial rodent tumour assessment. Importantly, preclinical radiomic methods successfully translate to clinical CT-radiomic analysis. Parallel trends in tumour-specific feature intensities across pre-clinical and clinical scans suggest species conservation of features.
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&NA;. "Neoadjuvant imatinib administration may facilitate sufficient regression in unresectable gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST) and allow subsequent tumour resection,." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 1452 (August 2004): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-200414520-00033.
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Merlin, F., M. Riolfi, T. Sava, F. Consoli, C. Griso, P. Manno, A. B. Porcaro, C. Ghimenton, L. Comunale, and G. Cetto. "Upper urinary tract cancer: Prognostic factors for bladder tumours development and systemic relapse." Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2006): 14560. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.14560.
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14560 Background: Transitional cell carcinomas (TCC) of the renal pelvis and ureter are relatively uncommon. An important characteristic of TCC is multifocality throughout the all urinary tract simultaneously and/or subsequently. To clarify the association between UTTCC and bladder tumors, we retrospectively analysed 86 patients with UTTCC in order to evaluate prognostic factors for recurrence and to identify risk factors for development of bladder cancers. Methods: All 86 upper tract transitional cell carcinoma patients (pts) were treated surgically between January 1988 and July 2005. Median age was 69 years (range: 34–91). We observed a male predominance (71%) and 78% of patients were heavy smokers. Forty-five (52.3%) patients had a diagnosis of bladder transitional carcinoma. The median age of this group of patients was 70 range 40–87). In fifteen cases (17%), bladder tumour occurred first than upper tract neoplasia; in 14 patients bladder and upper tract tumours were synchronous. Results: Median survival was 97 months; 49 (57%) patients are alive and 43 are disease-free. Grading, stage T, lympho-vascular invasion and squamous differentiation were significant prognostic factors for systemic relapse (p < 0.05). Twenty-eight pts (32.5%) developed subsequent transitional bladder cancer after a median time of 12 months; multifocality of primitive tumours was significant predictive factor. Invasive UTTCC were less likely associated with bladder cancer. We observed that superficial bladder cancer developed more frequently in pts with well differentiated (G1–2) primitive cancer (90% of cases), without lympho-vascular invasion and with history of heavy smoke exposition. Conclusions: In our study, T, N and G confirmed to be the most important prognostic factors for systemic relapse. Lympho-vascular invasion highly predicts metastasis. Our analysis highlights that upper urinary tract cancers seem to have different history and different pattern of association with bladder tumours, according to specific prognostic factors. The development of recurrent superficial bladder cancer is more frequently associated with small well differentiated multifocal upper tract tumours.Therefore follow-up should be oriented according to these characteristics. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Cifuentes-Arias, Sebastián, Lina Osorio-Morales, and Francisco Pedraza-Ordóñez. "Clinical follow-up of canine mast cell tumour cases diagnosed by cytology and histopathology." Veterinarska stanica 52, no. 4 (February 22, 2021): 397–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.46419/vs.52.4.1.
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Canine mast cell tumours (MCT) are malignant neoplasms, and are possibly the most common skin cancers in dogs. A precise diagnosis is fundamental in making appropriate therapeutic decisions and thus avoiding a poor prognosis, which frequently ends in rapid death. In this study, data from 59 dogs diagnosed with mast cell tumours of three malignancy grades were selected and clinical follow-up was carried out over 47 months to determine the relationship between the decision to perform surgery the degree of tumour malignancy and the survival status of the animals. The results showed that the majority of affected animals died as a result of the disease, some of which had undergone surgical treatment. The surviving dogs were diagnosed mostly with mast cell tumours of low malignancy. There was no significant association between surgery and survival. We conclude that cytological analysis is fundamental for an early diagnosis of canine MCTs and enable a more accurate prognosis to guide subsequent treatment. We discuss the need for clear malignancy criteria allowing for adequate cytological classification of these lesions.
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Wong, Eugene, Justin Kong, Lawrence Oh, Daniel Cox, and Martin Forer. "Giant Primary Schwannoma of the Left Nasal Cavity and Ethmoid Sinus." Case Reports in Otolaryngology 2016 (2016): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1706915.
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A unilateral tumour in the nasal cavity or paranasal sinuses is commonly caused by polyps, cysts, and mucoceles, as well as invasive tumours such as papillomas and squamous cell carcinomas. Schwannomas, in contrast, are rare lesions in this area (Minhas et al., 2013). We present a case of a 52-year-old female who presented with a 4-year progressive history of mucous hypersecretion, nasal obstruction, pain, and fullness. Imaging of the paranasal sinuses showed complete opacification of the entire left nasal cavity and sinuses by a tumour causing subsequent obstruction of the frontal and maxillary sinuses. The tumour was completely excised endoscopically. Histopathology was consistent with that of a schwannoma.
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Fereidooni, F., K. Kovacs, MR Azizi, and M. Nikoo. "Skin Metastasis from an Occult Esophageal Adenocarcinoma." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 19, no. 11 (2005): 673–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2005/536547.
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Metastases to the skin from carcinoma arising in other organs are uncommon, yet they may be the first presentation of neoplastic disease. They usually originate from primary tumours in the breast, lung or colon. Skin metastases from esophageal adenocarcinoma are extremely rare. A unique case of an otherwise healthy patient who presented with a small, painless, mobile, clinically localized facial skin nodule is reported. A biopsy revealed metastatic adenocarcinoma, and subsequent investigations detected the primary tumour in the esophagus, despite no symptoms.
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Kodipalli, Ashwini, Steven L. Fernandes, Santosh K. Dasar, and Taha Ismail. "Computational Framework of Inverted Fuzzy C-Means and Quantum Convolutional Neural Network Towards Accurate Detection of Ovarian Tumors." International Journal of E-Health and Medical Communications 14, no. 1 (April 13, 2023): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijehmc.321149.
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Due to the advancements in the lifestyle, stress builds enormously among individuals. A few recent studies have indicated that stress is a major contributor for infertility and subsequent ovarian cancer among women of reproductive age. In view of this, the present study proposes a two-stage computational methodology to identify and segment the ovarian tumour and classify it as benign or malignant. Using computerized tomography images, the first stage involves image segmentation using inverted fuzzy c-Means clustering, and second stage consists of deep quantum convolutional neural network in order to detect the tumours. The efficacy of the proposed method is demonstrated using in-house clinically collected dataset by comparing the results with the state-of-the-art methods. The experimental results confirm that the proposed approach outperforms the existing fuzzy C means algorithm by achieving the average Jaccard score of (0.65, 0.84, 0.79) (min, max, avg) and Dice score of (0.70, 0.83, 0.77) (min, max, avg), classification result of 78% for benign and 70.03% for malignant tumours. The classification results using the variant of convolutional neural network (CNN) model ResNet16 are compared with the quantum convolutional neural networks (QCNN) and obtained the classification performance of 87.02% for benign and 79.4% for malignant tumours and 84.4% for benign and 77.03% for malignant tumours respectively.
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Kodzo-Grey Venyo, Anthony. "Neuro-Endocrine Tumours of Testis: A Review and Update." Clinical Research and clinical Trials 9, no. 1 (January 8, 2024): 01–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2693-4779/164.
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Neuroendocrine tumours more frequently arise from the embryonic gut. Neuroendocrine tumour of the testis could occur as a primary tumour or as metastases with the primary tumour originating elsewhere within the body. Primary neuroendocrine tumours of the testis are not common tumours. To the knowledge of the author, less than 200 cases of Neuroendocrine tumours of the testis had been published up to date. The cell of origin of neuroendocrine tumour is not definitely known. It has been iterated that neuroendocrine tumour commonly arises from intestinal and respiratory epithelium. Neuroendocrine tumour of the testis which is an uncommon tumour of the testis has been documented to account for less than 1% of all tumours of the testis. To the knowledge of the author, less than two hundred (<200) cases of neuro-endocrine tumour of the testis had been reported in the literature. Neuroendocrine tumour of the testis can afflict a child or an adult. Majority of patients who are afflicted by neuroendocrine tumour of testis manifest with unilateral painless testicular mass. It has been documented that 16% of patients who have neuroendocrine tumour of the testis manifest with symptoms of neuroendocrine tumour syndrome. and about eleven percent of primary testicular neuroendocrine tumours had been documented to be associated with metastasis. Neuroendocrine tumours of the testis do occur as a primary testicular neuroendocrine tumour of testis; or metastatic neuroendocrine tumour to the testis. Primary neuroendocrine tumour of the testis does get to be further sub-divided into: (a) primary pure testicular neuroendocrine tumour; and (b) testicular neuroendocrine tumour which is associated with teratoma or dermoid/epidermoid cysts. It has been pointed out that once a testicular neuroendocrine tumour has been diagnosed a metastatic neuroendocrine tumour to the testis needs be excluded. It has been pointed out that the presence of teratoma elements in the testicular tumour sufficiently excludes the primary site outside the testicles. It is therefore important to submit the tumour mass entirely and to look for any additional lineage of differentiation. It has been documented that twenty-five percent of primary neuroendocrine tumours of testis had tended to be associated with teratoma. Histogenesis of pure neuroendocrine tumour of the testis, has up to date remained unclear. Two postulates had been promulgated regarding the mode of origin of neuroendocrine tumour of the testis including: (a) the tumours are derived from teratoma (germ cell origin) or (b) the tumours do arise within argentaffin cells located in crypts of Lieberkühn. The later are also stated to present within the gastrointestinal tract and bronchial mucosa. Nevertheless, in a report of a study which had been related to three pure testicular neuroendocrine tumours had indicated that pure neuroendocrine tumour of testis, might have different genetic background other than germ cell tumour. Based upon histopathology examination, neuroendocrine tumour has been documented to be typified by presence of nests of small round cells with uniform nuclei forming small acini and rosettes or sheets. The cells of neurogenic tumour of testis do have eosinophilic granules within the cytoplasm and granular chromatin within the nuclei. The neuroendocrine tumour of testis cells, do exhibit positive immunohistochemistry staining for neuroendocrine markers like chromogranin and synaptophysin. Diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumour of testis is established based upon the histopathology and immunohistochemistry staining examination features of the tumour. It has been iterated that radical orchidectomy is the treatment of choice; nevertheless, it has been pointed out that the need for adjuvant therapy depending upon histological grading has remained not clarified. It has also been iterated that Octreotide analogue could improve the neuroendocrine (carcinoid) syndrome as well as stabilize the tumour. Other iterations that had been made regarding neuroendocrine tumour of testis include: The rarity of neuroendocrine tumour of testis is a limiting factor for the understanding of the biological behaviour of the tumour upon which a modern classification and prediction of prognosis of the tumour could be reached. Localized neuroendocrine tumour of testis does have an excellent prognosis following the undertaking of surgery Neuroendocrine tumour of testis could develop metastasis 7 years pursuant to the initial treatment. Few cases had reported metastases 5 years and 19 years subsequently. Fifty percent (50%) of neuroendocrine tumours of testis associated with carcinoid syndrome metastasized and the larger tumour, then the higher risk for the subsequent development of metastasis. The association with teratoma and neuroendocrine tumour of testis is stated to has a prognostic value depending upon the age; and post-pubertal teratomatous neuroendocrine has advert prognosis. In view of the fact that a metastatic potential exists, long-term follow-up is indicated. Regular clinical examination, urinary 5-HIAA, abdominal CT scan, and gastrointestinal contrast could be undertaken for follow-up assessments of patients who have undergone treatment for neuroendocrine tumour of testis. Primary testicular neuroendocrine tumour of testis is not common. It is pivotal to submit the entire gross testicular tumour specimen for histopathology examination to exclude existence of other germ cell elements. It is pertinent for all patients who have undergone treatment for neuroendocrine tumour of testis to be followed-up for a long-time to enable prompt confirmation of local recurrence or metastasis which could occur early or very late after many years.
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Kieliszek, Agata, Blessing Bassey-Archibong, Chitra Venugopal, and Sheila K. Singh. "STEM-02. THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTION OF LUNG-, BREAST-, AND MELANOMA-BRAIN METASTASIS." Neuro-Oncology 23, Supplement_6 (November 2, 2021): vi21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noab196.078.
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Abstract BACKGROUND The incidence of brain metastases (BM) is tenfold higher than that of primary brain tumours. BM predominantly originate from primary lung, breast, and melanoma tumours with a 90% mortality rate within one year of diagnosis, posing a large unmet clinical need to identify novel therapies against BM.This unmet clinical need is largely attributed to a small population of cancer stem cells (CSCs), termed BM-initiating cells (BMICs), that are able to escape a primary tumour, drive metastasis and facilitate the formation of a secondary tumour in the brain. METHODS Using a large in-house biobank of patient-derived BMIC lines, the Singh Lab has generated murine orthotopic patient-derived xenograft models of BM and captured a “premetastatic” population of BMICs that have just seeded the brains of mice before forming clinically detectable tumours: a cell population that is impossible to detect in human patients but represents a therapeutic window wherein metastasizing cells can be targeted and eradicated before establishing clinically detectable tumours. RESULTS RNA sequencing of pre-metastatic BMICs from all three primary tumour models with subsequent Connectivity Map analysis identified a lead compound that exhibits selective anti-BM activity in vitro. Preliminary in vivo work has shown that this lead compound reduces the tumor burden of treated mice compared to vehicle control while providing a significant survival advantage. Ongoing mechanistic investigations aim to delineate the protein target of this compound in the context of the observed selective anti-BMIC phenotype. CONCLUSION Identification of novel small molecules that target premetastatic BM cells could prevent the formation of BM and dramatically improve the prognosis of at-risk cancer patients.
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Nakagoe, Tohru, Kiyoyasu Fukushima, Atsushi Nanashima, Terumitsu Sawai, Takashi Tsuji, Masaaki Jibiki, Hiroyuki Yamaguchi, et al. "Expression of Lewisa, Sialyl Lewisa, Lewisx, Sialyl Lewisx, Antigens as Prognostic Factors in Patients with Colorectal Cancer." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 14, no. 9 (2000): 753–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2000/149851.
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BACKGROUND: Altered expression of blood group-related carbohydrate antigens such as sialyl Lewis (Le)xantigen in tumours is associated with tumour progression behaviour and subsequent prognosis. However, the prognostic value of the expression of Le-related antigens in colorectal tumours remains unclear.PURPOSE: To clarify the prognostic value of Lea, sialyl Lea, Lexand sialyl Lexexpression in colorectal carcinomas as prognostic factors after surgery.PATIENTS AND METHODS: Colorectal carcinoma samples from 101 patients with primary colorectal carcinoma who underwent surgical resection were subject to immunohistochemical analyses for Lea, sialyl Lea, Lexand sialyl Lexexpression with the respective monoclonal antibodies.RESULTS: Lea, sialyl Lea, Lexand sialyl Lexwere expressed in 69 (68.3%), 73 (72.3%), 66 (65.4%) and 76 (75.3%) carcinomas, respectively. The patients with sialyl Lex-expressing tumours had more advanced cancer than those with nonsialyl Lex-expressing tumours (P=0.0029). The survival time after surgery of patients with Lex- or sialyl Lex-expressing tumours was significantly shorter than the survival time of those with non-Lex- or nonsialyl Lex-expressing tumours, respectively (P=0.023 and P=0.0001, respectively). Cox’s regression analysis revealed that Lexand sialyl Lexexpression, separate from stage and histological type, were prognostic variables for patient survival (hazard ratio [HR] for sialyl Lex-positive expression to sialyl Lex-negative expression 2.90; HR for Lex-positive expression to Lex-negative expression 12.76 in stage I/IV, 0.63 in stage II and 1.69 in stage III).CONCLUSIONS: Lexexpression and sialyl Lexexpression in colorectal carcinomas are each associated with poor prognosis. These variables should be considered in the design of future trials.