Journal articles: 'Subrural'

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R.A., Eifediyi, Isabu P., Akhimiona V., Affusim C.C., Ikheloa J., and Njoku A. "Caesarean Section: Awareness, Perception and Acceptability of Caesarean Section Amongst Subrural Nigerian Parturients." International Journal of Gynecological and Obstetrical Research 3, no. 1 (February 15, 2015): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.14205/2309-4400.2015.03.01.2.

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Ortega, Jorge, Berenice Vite-De León, Alejandro Tinajero-Espitia, and José Antonio Romero-Meza. "Carollia Subrufa (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae)." Mammalian Species 823 (October 9, 2008): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1644/823.1.

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Roca, V., G. García, and A. Montesinos. "Gastrointestinal helminths found in the three freshwater turtles (Erymnochelys madagascariensis, Pelomedusa subrufa and Pelusios castanoides) from Ankarafantsika National Park, Madagascar." Helminthologia 44, no. 4 (December 1, 2007): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11687-007-0028-2.

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AbstractWe conducted a survey of the presence, prevalence and diversity of gastrointestinal helminths in faecal samples and stomach contents of three turtle species, — Erymnochelys madagascariensis (Chelonia: Podocnemididae), Pelomedusa subrufa and Pelusios castanoides (Chelonia: Pelomedusidae), — from several localities in Madagascar. Four nematode species were detected: Atractis chabaudi, Camallanus chelonius, Falcaustra pelusios, and Spiroxys sp. E. madagascariensis, with all four species, had the greatest helminth diversity. A. chabaudi was the community’s core species, whereas Spiroxys sp. was a satellite species. Only two species (A. chabaudi and Spiroxys sp.) were found in P. subrufa and only one, Spiroxys sp., in P. castanoides. These are the first helminthological data on E. madagascariensis, one of the most threatened freshwater turtles in the world.

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Vamberger, Melita, Margaretha D. Hofmeyr, Flora Ihlow, and Uwe Fritz. "In quest of contact: phylogeography of helmeted terrapins (Pelomedusa galeata, P. subrufa sensu stricto)." PeerJ 6 (June 5, 2018): e4901. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4901.

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Based on rangewide sampling and three mitochondrial and two nuclear markers (together up to 1,850 bp and 1,840 bp, respectively), we examine the phylogeography of two helmeted terrapin species (Pelomedusa galeata and P. subrufa sensu stricto) and infer shifts of climatically suitable spaces since the Last Glacial Maximum using a modeling approach. Whilst P. galeata displays significant phylogeographic structuring across its range and consists of two deeply divergent lineages that could represent distinct species, P. subrufa shows no obvious phylogeographic differentiation. This seems to be related to historically stable or fluctuating ranges. One of the lineages within P. galeata appears to be confined to the westernmost, winter-rainfall region of South Africa and deserves special conservational attention due to the scarcity of surface water. The other lineage is distributed further east and is differentiated in three weakly supported subclades with parapatric distribution; one occurring inland, and two along the south and east coasts, respectively. As far as is known, P. subrufa occurs in South Africa only in the northeast of the country (Limpopo, Mpumalanga) and we report the species for the first time from the Lapalala Wilderness Area in the Waterberg region (Limpopo), approximately 350 km further west than previously recorded. We confirmed the occurrence of P. galeata only 80 km south of Lapalala. Thus, a sympatric occurrence of P. galeata and P. subrufa is possible. Another putative contact zone, for the two lineages within P. galeata, must be located in the Western Cape region, and further contact zones are likely for the eastern subclades within P. galeata. The nuclear loci provided no evidence for gene flow across taxa or genetic clusters within taxa. Future investigations should use denser sampling from putative contact zones and more nuclear markers to re-examine this situation. Despite few phylogeographic studies published for southern African biota, it seems likely that differentiation follows general rules, and that climate and physiographic barriers (e.g., the Great Escarpment) have shaped phylogeographic patterns.

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Rawski, Mateusz, and Damian Józefiak. "Body Condition Scoring and Obesity in Captive African Side-Neck Turtles (Pelomedusidae)." Annals of Animal Science 14, no. 3 (July 29, 2014): 573–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2014-0037.

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AbstractAfrican side-neck turtles (Pelomedusa subrufa and Pelusios castaneus) are popular in captivity, in many parts of the world. their natural tendency to accumulate body fat reserves may be a reason for many health issues. for keepers and veterinarians body condition scoring is an important tool in the process of management and care of the animals. therefore the main aim of the study was to formulate a single mathematic formula for allometric equations and simple body condition scoring method which can be used in juvenile, sub-adult and adult specimens of Pelomedusa subrufa and Pelusios castaneus. twelve healthy turtles (7 Pelomedusa subrufa and 5 Pelusios castaneus) – 4 males, 4 females and 4 immature were measured and weighed for 52 weeks (624 measurements). the obtained data were used to formulate equations of estimated body weight and compared to results of measurements of 73 turtles from private keepers. additionally, visual assessments of their body condition were made. The results showed that body weight is significantly (P=0.001) correlated with straight carapace length of turtles. in the assessed population of 73 captive Pelomedusidae kept as pets, no emaciated turtles were recorded, and 10% of them were underweight. In the case of 68% of the animals, body condition was identified as optimal, and in 15% and 7% as overweight and obese, respectively. The population of african side-neck turtles seems to be in quite good body condition. However, a high percentage of overweight and obese animals suggests the need for continuous monitoring of pet turtles for body condition.

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Rödel, Mark-Oliver. "Predation on tadpoles by hatchlings of the freshwater turtle." Amphibia-Reptilia 20, no. 2 (1999): 173–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853899x00187.

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AbstractExperiments with Pelomedusa subrufa, a widespread African freshwater turtle, showed that this species consumed large quantities of tadpoles. Tadpoles preyed upon, comprised between 0.05 and 21.55% of the turtle's biomass. This demonstrated that Pelomedusa subrufa was neither gape limited nor did it ignore very small prey. Tadpoles with an ovoid body shape (Hemisus marmoratus, Hyperolius nitidulus, Ptychadena maccarthyensis), which shared, under natural conditions, the pond bottom microhabitat with the turtles, were more threatened than the robust tall-finned Kassina tadpoles that lived in the middle of the water column. The translucent, slow swimming Phrynomantis microps tadpole occurred in larger ponds and preferred the upper water column in deeper parts of the pond. This species was especially at risk in ponds with reduced water levels. Turtles, in contrast to fish or dragonfly larvae, are capable of migrating to other ponds. They therefore might have a profound regional influence on tadpole communities in ephemeral savanna ponds.

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Rodel, Mark-Oliver. "Predation on tadpoles by hatchlings of the freshwater turtle Pelomedusa subrufa." Amphibia-Reptilia 20, no. 2 (May 1, 1999): 173–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853899506997.

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Roca, V., and G. García. "A new species of the genus Spiroxys (Nematoda: Gnathostomatidae) from Madagascan pleurodiran turtles (Pelomedusidae)." Journal of Helminthology 82, no. 4 (December 2008): 301–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x08996966.

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AbstractSpiroxys ankarafantsika, sp. nov. is described from Madagascar in two species of freshwater turtles, Pelusios castanoides and Pelomedusa subrufa. Spiroxys ankarafantsika differs from other species of the genus in having pseudolabial teeth only on the median lobes and no other cuticular prominences, a smooth cuticular collar, deirides as cervical minute spine-like projections, and a gubernaculum without tubes. This is the first record of a nominal species of the genus Spiroxys from the Ethiopian region.

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Akins, James B., Michael L. Kennedy, Gary D. Schnell, Cornelio Sánchez-Hernández, María de Lourdes Romero-Almaraz, Michael C. Wooten, and Troy L. Best. "Flight speeds of three species of Neotropical bats: Glossophaga soricina, Natalus stramineus, and Carollia subrufa." Acta Chiropterologica 9, no. 2 (December 2007): 477–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3161/1733-5329(2007)9[477:fsotso]2.0.co;2.

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RHODIN, ANDERS G. J., and JOHN L. CARR. "A quarter millenium of uses and misuses of the turtle name Testudo scabra: Identification of the type specimens of T. scabra Linnaeus 1758 (= Rhinoclemmys punctularia) and T. scripta Thunberg in Schoepff 1792 (= Trachemys scripta scripta)." Zootaxa 2226, no. 1 (September 10, 2009): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2226.1.1.

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The turtle name Testudo scabra Linnaeus 1758 has variously and confusingly been used in association with nine different currently recognized nominal species in four separate families in both suborders of turtles. The name has not been recognized as valid since the early 1800s and has recently been synonymized as a nomen dubium under primarily two species: Emys trijuga Schweigger 1812 (= Melanochelys trijuga) and Testudo punctularia Daudin 1801 (= Rhinoclemmys punctularia) (both Geoemydidae). Other earlier attributions of the name, T. scabra L. sensu Statius Müller 1774, Schneider 1783, Retzius in Schoepff 1792, Thunberg in Schoepff 1792, Say 1824, or Agassiz 1857, have variously been referred to seven other currently recognized nominal species: two species of Leguat’s tortoises (= both Testudo vosmaeri Suckow 1798 = Cylindraspis vosmaeri, and/or Testudo peltastes Duméril and Bibron 1835 = Cylindraspis peltastes) (Testudinidae), Perrault’s tortoise (= Testudo indica Schneider 1783 = Cylindraspis indica) (Testudinidae), Testudo europaea Schneider 1783 (= Testudo orbicularis L. 1758 = Emys orbicularis) (Emydidae), Testudo galeata Schoepff 1792 (= Testudo subrufa Lacépède 1788 = Pelomedusa subrufa) (Pelomedusidae), Testudo scripta Schoepff 1792 (= Trachemys scripta) (Emydidae), and Testudo insculpta LeConte 1830 (= Glyptemys insculpta) (Emydidae). The previously unidentified type specimens of both T. scabra L. 1758 and Testudo scripta Schoepff 1792 have been located in the Linnaean and Thunbergian collections in Uppsala, Sweden. The latter species was described by Schoepff both as Testudo scabra sensu Thunberg and Testudo scripta Thunberg. Based on our examination, the holotype of Testudo scabra Linnaeus 1758 is Rhinoclemmys punctularia. To promote nomenclatural stability, we designate Testudo scabra Linnaeus 1758 as a nomen oblitum and nomen rejectum synonymized under Testudo punctularia Daudin 1801, already a nomen protectum. The type specimen of Testudo scripta Schoepff 1792 has not previously been identified, but is also present in the collection and represents Trachemys scripta scripta. Based on the circumstances of the description, the proper authorship of the name should be given as Testudo scripta Thunberg in Schoepff 1792, rather than T. scripta Schoepff 1792, as currently done.

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Ruano, F., A. Lenoir, M. Silvestre, A. Khalil, and A. Tinaut. "Chemical profiles in Iberoformica subrufa and Formica frontalis, a new example of temporary host–parasite interaction." Insectes Sociaux 66, no. 2 (November 23, 2018): 223–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00040-018-00677-6.

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Purwati, Pradina, Retno Hartati, and Widianingsih. "EIGHTEEN SEA CUCUMBER SPECIES FISHED IN KARIMUNJAWA ISLANDS, JAVA SEA." Marine Research in Indonesia 35, no. 2 (December 31, 2010): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/mri.v35i2.474.

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Indonesia has been supplying the highest diversity of dried sea cucumbers (trepang) to world markets for decades even though species validation on the trepang from any producing areas throughout the country is still needed. Karimunjawa (Islands off north coast of Java) is one of trepang habitats. Several visits from May to November 2009 had been made to collect trepang from the fishers and collectors in that area. Eighteen aspidochirote species were identified, more varied than those reported in 1988 and 1992 although 7 species have no longer been found. Three species among those: Actinopyga banwarthi, Bohadschia subrubra, and Holothuria fuscocinerea have never been reported in Indonesia before, neither on the list of commercial sea cucumbers in Asia nor world trade provided by Choo (2008) and Toral-Grande (2007). These species composition shifts may indicate a threat to species diversity, starting with excessive removal of natural stock. Up to now, 28 species of trepang have been recognized from Karimunjawa waters.

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Wirawati, Ismiliana, and Pradina Purwati. "RARELY REPORTED SPECIES OF INDONESIAN SEA CUCUMBERS." Marine Research in Indonesia 37, no. 1 (March 4, 2015): 9–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/mri.v37i1.31.

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More than 300 sea cucumber species have been recorded from Indonesian waters. This paper presents eight species which have been rarely reported. Actinopyga bannwarthi Panning, 1944, were found among fished sea cucumbers collected by fishermen in Kupang and Karimunjawa. Stichopus pseudohorrens Cherbonnier, 1967, was found in West Timor waters; Thelenota rubralienata Massin & Lane, 1991, and A. caerulea Samyn, Vandenspiegel & Massin, 2006, were collected from the reef in Halmahera, North Maluku. Four other species i.e. Bohadschia atra Massin, Rasolofonirina, Conand, Samyn, 1999; B. subrubra Quoy and Gaimard, 1833; Holothuria (Metriatyla) fuligina Cherbonnier, 1988, and H. (Thymiosycia) gracilis Semper, 1868, were discovered from Lombok waters. The latest mentioned species was also found among fished sea cucumbers in Karimunjawa. All species except T. rubralineata may be new records for Indonesia. In the case of H. (Thymiosycia) gracilis Semper, 1868, it was new record for Lombok waters, following its discovery from West Seram, Central Maluku.

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Zardoya, Rafael, and Axel Meyer. "Cloning and characterization of a microsatellite in the mitochondrial control region of the African side-necked turtle, Pelomedusa subrufa." Gene 216, no. 1 (August 1998): 149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-1119(98)00332-1.

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Široký, Pavel, Martin Kamler, and David Modrý. "Eimeria lokuma n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae), a new coccidium from the African helmeted turtle Pelomedusa subrufa (Lacépède) (Testudines: Pelomedusidae)." Systematic Parasitology 65, no. 1 (May 5, 2006): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11230-006-9040-z.

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Vargas-Ramírez, Mario, Miguel Vences, William R. Branch, Savel R. Daniels, Frank Glaw, Margaretha D. Hofmeyr, Gerald Kuchling, et al. "Deep genealogical lineages in the widely distributed African helmeted terrapin: Evidence from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA (Testudines: Pelomedusidae: Pelomedusa subrufa)." Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 56, no. 1 (July 2010): 428–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2010.03.019.

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Makau, Christopher M., Philemon K. Towett, Klas S. P. Abelson, and Titus I. Kanui. "Intrathecal administration of clonidine or yohimbine decreases the nociceptive behavior caused by formalin injection in the marsh terrapin ( Pelomedusa subrufa )." Brain and Behavior 4, no. 6 (October 2, 2014): 850–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/brb3.287.

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Luiselli, Luca, Godfrey C. Akani, Nwabueze Ebere, Lorenzo Rugiero, Leonardo Vignoli, Francesco M. Angelici, Edem A. Eniang, and Mathias Behangana. "Food Habits of a Pelomedusid Turtle, Pelomedusa subrufa, in Tropical Africa (Nigeria): The Effects of Sex, Body Size, Season, and Site." Chelonian Conservation and Biology 10, no. 1 (July 2011): 138–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2744/ccb-0843.1.

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KEHLMAIER, CHRISTIAN. "Taxonomic studies on Palaearctic and Oriental Eudorylini (Diptera: Pipunculidae), with the description of three new species." Zootaxa 1030, no. 1 (August 8, 2005): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1030.1.1.

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Taxonomic evidence of 17 species of Eudorylini occurring in the extra-European part of the Palaearctic and/or in the Oriental Region is presented. Among the material, three new taxa are described as new to science: Claraeola perpaucisquamosa Kehlmaier spec. nov. from China, Dasydorylas gradus Kehlmaier spec. nov. from Israel and Eudorylas bipertitus Kehlmaier spec. nov. from Israel. Lectotypes for Pipunculus nitidifrons Becker, 1900 and Pipunculus oppletus Collin, 1941 are designated. Two new synonymies are proposed [syn. nov.]: Pipunculus confusoides Lamb, 1922 as junior synonym of P. nitidifrons Becker, 1900 and Claraeola koreana Skevington, 2001 as junior synonym of P. oppletus Collin, 1941. Furthermore, the following new generic combinations are introduced (partly redescribed and figured) [comb. nov.]: Claraeola colossus (Hardy, 1972), Claraeola conjuncta (Collin, 1949), Claraeola discors (Hardy, 1966), Claraeola koreana (Kozánek & Kwon, 1991), Claraeola oppleta (Collin, 1941), Claraeola palgongsana (Kozánek, Suh & Kwon, 2003), Claraeola robusta (Kozánek, Suh & Kwon, 2003), Clistoabdominalis nitidifrons (Becker, 1900), Clistoabdominalis sinaiensis (De Meyer, 1995), Clistoabdominalis subruralis (Kozánek & Kwon, 1991), Clistoabdominalis uniformis (Brunetti, 1917), Clistoabdominalis uzbekistanus (Kozánek, 1988). A replacement name had to be selected for Claraeola koreana Skevington, 2001: 435 [Preocc. Kozánek & Kwon, 1991a]: Claraeola paektusana Kehlmaier, 2005 nom. nov.. Also, the male of Eudorylas mongolorum Kuznetzov, 1990 is redescribed and its genitalia figured, as are the male genitalia of Claraeola adventitia (Kertész, 1912).

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POZIO, E., G. MARUCCI, A. CASULLI, L. SACCHI, S. MUKARATIRWA, C. M. FOGGIN, and G. LA ROSA. "Trichinella papuae and Trichinella zimbabwensis induce infection in experimentally infected varans, caimans, pythons and turtles." Parasitology 128, no. 3 (March 2004): 333–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182003004542.

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The discovery of Trichinella zimbabwensis in farm crocodiles of Zimbabwe has opened up a new frontier in the epidemiology of the Trichinella genus. The objective of the present study was to investigate the infectivity of encapsulated species (T. spiralis, T. nativa, T. britovi, T. murrelli and T. nelsoni) and non-encapsulated species (T. pseudospiralis, T. papuae and T. zimbabwensis) in caimans (Caiman crocodilus), varans (Varanus exanthematicus), pythons (Python molurus bivittatus) and turtles (Pelomedusa subrufa) raised at their natural temperature range (26–32 °C). Mice and chickens were used as controls. At 6 days post-infection (p.i.), adult worms were detected in the small intestine of reptiles infected with T. papuae and T. zimbabwensis, of chickens infected with T. pseudospiralis and of mice infected with all encapsulated and non-encapsulated species. At 60 days p.i., T. papuae and T. zimbabwensis adult worms were collected from the intestine of varans and caimans and larvae from muscles of the four reptile species, T. pseudospiralis larvae from muscles of chickens, and larvae of all Trichinella species from mouse muscles. The highest reproductive capacity index of both T. papuae and T. zimbabwensis was observed in varans. The results show that T. papuae and T. zimbabwensis are able to complete their entire life-cycle in both poikilothermic and homoiothermic animals.

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Lee, LingSze, Eugenia E. Montiel, Beatriz M. Navarro-Domínguez, and Nicole Valenzuela. "Chromosomal Rearrangements during Turtle Evolution Altered the Synteny of Genes Involved in Vertebrate Sex Determination." Cytogenetic and Genome Research 157, no. 1-2 (2019): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000497302.

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Sex-determining mechanisms (SDMs) set an individual's sexual fate by its genotype (genotypic sex determination, GSD) or environmental factors like temperature (temperature- dependent sex determination, TSD), as in turtles where the GSD “trigger” remains unknown. SDMs co-evolve with turtle chromosome number, perhaps because fusions/fissions alter the relative position/regulation of sexual development genes. Here, we map 10 such genes via FISH onto metaphase chromosomes in 6 TSD and 6 GSD turtles for the first time. Results uncovered intrachromosomal rearrangements involving 3 genes across SDMs (Dax1, Fhl2, and Fgf9) and a chromosomal fusion linking 2 genes (Sf1 and Rspo1) in 1 chromosome in a TSD turtle (Pelomedusa subrufa) that locate to 2 chromosomes in all others. Notably, Sf1 and its repressor Foxl2 map to Apalone spinifera's ZW chromosomes but to a macro- (Foxl2) and a microautosome (Sf1) in other turtles potentially inducing SDM evolution. However, our phylogenetically informed analysis refutes Foxl2 (but not Sf1) as Apalone's master sex-determining gene. The absence of common TSD-specific or GSD-specific rearrangements underscores the independent evolutionary trajectories of turtle SDMs. Further comparative analyses using more genes from the sexual development network are warranted to inform genome evolution and its contribution to enigmatic turnovers of vertebrate sex determination.

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Xiong, Lei, Xiao-san Li, Ling Wang, Ke Zhou, and Liu-wang Nie. "The mitochondrial genome complete sequence and organization of the Pig-nosed Turtle Carettochelys insculpta (Testudines, Carettochelyidae) and its phylogeny position in Testudines." Amphibia-Reptilia 31, no. 4 (2010): 541–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/017353710x530203.

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AbstractThe Pig-nosed Turtle Carettochelys insculpta (Testudines; Cryptodira; Carettochelyidae) is the sole living representative of the Carettochelyidae. The phylogenetic position of C. insculpta within Testudines has not yet been determined unequivocally. To address this issue, we sequenced the whole mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of C. insculpta using the long-and-accurate PCR (LA-PCR) method. The results show that the length of C. insculpta mtDNA is 16 439 bp and its structure is conserved compared to those of other turtles and other vertebrates except the NADH4 gene beginning with an ATC start codon. The 3′-side of the control region in mtDNA has two tandem repeat motifs, each consisting of nine 5′-CA-3′ units and sixteen 5′-AT-3′ units. To assess the phylogenetic position of C. insculpta, Maximum parsimony (MP), Maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian (BI) analyses were conducted based on complete mtDNA from 22 taxa. MP analyses robustly supported that the earliest phylogenetic tree splits separated into three basal branches: the Pelomedusidae (Pelomedusa subrufa), the Carettochelyidae (C. insculpta) and an assemblage of 18 cryptodiran turtle species; while ML and BI analyses suggested that Carettochelyidae and Trionychidae formed a clade, and that this clade was the sister taxon to all other cryptodiran turtles.

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ANGEL, MARTIN V. "Scottoecia—a new genus of halocyprid ostracod, with the description of Scottoecia arabica nov. sp. and the redescription of Bathyconchoecia darcythompsoni (Scott, 1909)." Zootaxa 3254, no. 1 (April 2, 2012): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3254.1.2.

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On re-describing two species originally attributed to the halocyprid genus Bathyconchoecia (B. darcythompsoni Scott,1909 from the North Atlantic and B. lacunosa sensu James 1973 from the Gulf of Oman) they were found to show substantive differences from the type species for the genus, B. paulula. These differences are:1. Several carapace characteristics including size, the structure of the rostra and incisure, and the locations of the openingsof the carapace glands.2. Limb structures notably of the mandibles.3. The exceptionally long dorsal terminal seta on the male sixth limb. 4. The structure of the copulatory appendage.These two species are placed in a newly defined genus Scottoecia, for which S. arabica is designated as the typespecies. The original descriptions of three other Bathyconchoecia species, show that they belong to Scottoecia, namely S.crosnieri (Poulsen, 1969a), S. subrufa (Angel, 1970a) and S. foveolata (Deevey, 1968). This has been confirmed for thefirst two species by the examination of the type material. Another species Bathyconchoecia baskiae Poulsen, (1969b) hassimilar mandibles, and is probably closely related, but does not share all the characteristics of the new genus.The validity of the previous classification in which Bathyconchoecia is included in the subfamily, the Euconchoecinae, is questioned.

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Gaytán, Álvaro, José L. Bautista, Raúl Bonal, Gerardo Moreno, and Guillermo González-Bornay. "Trees Increase Ant Species Richness and Change Community Composition in Iberian Oak Savannahs." Diversity 13, no. 3 (March 7, 2021): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13030115.

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Iberian man-made oak savannahs (so called dehesas) are traditional silvopastoral systems with a high natural value. Scattered trees provide shelter and additional food to livestock (cattle in our study sites), which also makes possible for animals depending on trees in a grass-dominated landscape to be present. We compared dehesas with nearby treeless grasslands to assess the effects of oaks on ant communities. Formica subrufa, a species associated with decayed wood, was by far the most abundant species, especially in savannahs. Taxa specialized in warm habitats were the most common both in dehesas and grasslands, as expected in areas with a Mediterranean climate. Within dehesas, the number of species was higher below oak canopies than outside tree cover. Compared to treeless grasslands, the presence of oaks resulted in a higher species richness of aphid-herding and predator ants, probably because trees offer shelter and resources to predators. The presence of oaks changed also the species composition, which differed between grasslands and dehesas. In self-standing scattered oaks, ant communities did not differ between the trunks and soil below canopies. These results stress the conservation value of trees in dehesas; within grasslands, they offer an additional microhabitat for species that would otherwise be scarce or absent.

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Medina-Fitoria, Arnulfo, Kimberly Williams-Guillen, Carol Chambers, Marlon Chávez-Velásquez, and José G. Martinez-Fonseca. "DIVERSIDAD DE MURCIÉLAGOS Y USO DE HÁBITAT EN EL PARQUE NACIONAL VOLCÁN MASAYA, EN EL PACÍFICO DE NICARAGUA." Revista Mexicana de Mastozoología (Nueva Epoca) 10, no. 1 (July 15, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/ie.20074484e.2020.10.1.295.

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ResumenDurante 2014 estudiamos la diversidad de murciélagos del Parque Nacional Volcán Masaya a través de capturas en diferentes tipos de cobertura arbórea; también caracterizamos la comunidad de murciélagos insectívoros que habita el tubo de lava llamado Tzinacanoste, determinando patrones de desplazamiento de una de las especies. El ensamble taxonómico de murciélagos en el parque se determinó y describió analizando su potencial de conservación y la importancia que representa (por sus servicios ambientales) para las zonas de producción sostenible alrededor del volcán Masaya. En total se identificaron 29 especies (26.3% del total de especies identificadas en Nicaragua) pertenecientes a 5 familias. En el bosque cerrado se encontró la mayor riqueza con 18 especies, de las cuales, un tercio de éstas fueron exclusivas de este tipo de bosque; a diferencia del área abierta de uso público, que presentó valores mínimos de riqueza con cuatro especies. Destacan cuatro especies con fines de conservación e investigación, tres de la familia Phyllostomidae (subfamilia Phyllostominae), Micronycteris microtis, Micronycteris schmidtorum y Lophostoma brasiliense y una especie de Mormoopidae, Mormoops megalophylla, cuya subespecie M. megalophylla megalophylla, presenta su límite sur de distribución mundial en este parque. También es importante considerar en los planes de conservación a las cuatro especies asociadas al bosque seco (Balantiopteryx plicata, Pteronotus davyi, Glossophaga leachii y Carollia subrufa), que en el país se distribuyen básicamente en la región Pacífica. Los resultados demuestran la importancia del Parque Nacional Volcán Masaya como un área importante para la conservación y la investigación de los murciélagos.Palabras clave: Bosque seco, conservación, especies, gremio trófico, servicio ambiental.AbstractDuring 2014 we studied the diversity of bats in the Masaya Volcano National Park through captures in different types of tree cover; we also characterize the community of insectivorous bats that inhabits the lava tube locally called Tzinacanoste, determining displacement patterns for one of the species. The taxonomic assembly of bats in the park was determined and described, analyzing its conservation potential and the importance it represents (for its environmental services) for the sustainable production areas around the Masaya volcano. In total 29 species were identified (26.3% of the total species identified in Nicaragua) belonging to 5 families. The closed forest presented the highest species richness with 18, and a third of these were exclusive to this type of forest; unlike the open area for public use, which presented minimum values with four species. Four species are of conservation and research interest, three of the family Phyllostomidae (subfamily Phyllostominae), Micronycteris microtis, Micronycteris schmidtorum and Lophostoma brasiliense, and a species of Mormoopidae: Mormoops megalophylla, whose subspecies M. megalophylla megalophylla, presents the southern limit of world distribution in this park. It is also important to consider in the conservation plans the four species associated with the dry forest, which in the country are basically distributed in the Pacific region: Balantiopteryx plicata, Pteronotus davyi, Glossophaga leachii and Carollia subrufa. The results demonstrate the importance of the Masaya Volcano National Park as an important area for the conservation and research of bats.Key words: Conservation, dry forest, environmental service, species, trophic guild.

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Chávez, Cuauhtémoc, and Gerardo Ceballos González. "Diversidad y abundancia de murciélagos en selvas secas de estacionalidad contrastante en el oeste de México." Revista Mexicana de Mastozoología (Nueva Epoca) 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/ie.20074484e.2001.5.1.78.

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Resumen: Las selvas bajas y medianas tropicales del oeste de México presentan características estructurales y fenológicas contrastantes, que se traducen en diferencias notables en la diversidad de especies de muchos grupos de plantas y animales. A pesar de que los murciélagos juegan un papel muy importante en la estructura y función de esas selvas se desconoce como varía su diversidad en tales ecosistemas. En este estudio examinamos los patrones de riqueza y abundancia de los murciélagos en una selva baja y una selva mediana en la Reserva de la Biosfera Chamela - Cuixmala, Jalisco, México. En el periodo de febrero de 1992 a enero de 1994 muestreamos 18 meses, 36 noches y 180 horas, en un esfuerzo equivalente a 16,416 m² de red para cada ambiente. En total capturamos a 338 ejemplares de 15 especies. Nuestra predicción de encontrar diferencias importantes en la estructura y diversidad de la comunidad de murciélagos en ambos ambientes fue apoyada por la información recabada. El hábitat con mayor riqueza específica fue la selva baja con 13 especies; en la selva mediana registramos solo 10 especies. El índice de diversidad fue de H’= 1.99 y H’= 1.40 para la selva baja y la selva mediana, respectivamente. El mayor número de individuos capturados fue en la selva baja. Las especies que capturamos únicamente en la selva baja fueron Carollia subrufa, Leptonycteris curasoae, Musonycteris harrisoni, Pteronotus davyi y P. parnelli, mientras que, en la selva mediana fue Rhogeessa parvula. Las especies más abundantes en los la selva baja fueron Artibeus jamaicensis, A. intermedius, Glossophaga soricina y Dermanuraphaeotis mientras que en la selva mediana sólo A. jamicensis y A. intermedius fueron abundantes. Palabras clave: Diversidad, abundancia, murciélagos, temporalidad, selvas secas, selva baja, selva mediana, Jalisco, México.Abstract:Tropical dry and semi-dry forests of western Mexico show contrasting structural and phenologic characteristics that result in important differences in the species diversity of many groups of plants and animals. Despite the importance of bats in the structure and function of these forests, the variation in diversity in these ecosystems is not known. This study examines the patterns of richness and abundance of bats in a tropical dry and tropical semi-dry forest in the Biosphere Reserve of Chamela - Cuixmala, Jalisco, Mexico. Between Februray 1992 and January 1994 we sampled 18 months, 36 nights and 180 hours, in an equivalent effort of 16,416 m² of mist-nets for each environment. In total, we captured 338 individuals of 15 species. Our prediction of finding important differences in the structure and diversity of the bat community in both environments was supported by our findings. The habitat with highest specific richness was the dry forest, with 13 species; in the semi-dry forest we only recorded 10 species. The diversity index was respectively H’=1.99 and H’=1.40 for the dry and semi-dry forest. The greatest number of individuals was captured in the dry forest. The species captured solely in the dry forest were Carollia subrufa, Leptonycteris curasoae, Musonycteris harrisoni, Pteronotus davyi and P.parnelli while in the semi-dry forest was Rhogeessa parvula. The species more abundant in the dry forest were Artibeus jamaicensis A. intermedius, Glossophaga soricina and Dermanura phaeotis, while in the semi- dry forest only A. jamaicensis and A. intermeius were abundant.

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Penny, Samuel G., Angelica Crottini, Franco Andreone, Adriana Bellati, Lovasoa M. S. Rakotozafy, Marc W. Holderied, Christoph Schwitzer, and Gonçalo M. Rosa. "Combining old and new evidence to increase the known biodiversity value of the Sahamalaza Peninsula, Northwest Madagascar." Contributions to Zoology 86, no. 4 (December 22, 2017): 273–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18759866-08604002.

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Prior herpetological surveys in 1996 and 2000 identified 14 species of amphibians and 32 species of reptiles from the Sahamalaza Peninsula. This work increases the total number of amphibian and reptile species known from this area to 20 and 43 respectively. To maximise our chances of species detection, survey effort covered the entire wet season and part of the dry season, and utilised a combination of opportunistic searching, transect searching, pitfall trapping, and acoustic recording. We identified species through an integrative taxonomic approach, combining morphological, bioacoustic and molecular taxonomy. Together, this enabled the detection of cryptic and seasonally inactive species that were missed in the shorter prior surveys that relied on morphological identification alone. The taxonomic identification of amphibians utilised a fragment of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene; taxonomic identification of reptiles utilised a fragment of the mitochondrial COI gene, and when necessary, also mitochondrial fragments of the 16S rRNA ND1, ND2, ND4 genes. All sequences were deposited in Genbank and COI sequences were also deposited in the BOLD database to foster taxonomic identification of malagasy reptiles. We report two new taxa: a species of Boophis, since described as B. ankarafensis, and a candidate new species of microhylid (genus: Stumpffia). We document range expansions of Boophis tsilomaro, Cophyla berara, Blaesodactylus ambonihazo beyond their type localities. Along with significant range expansions across a range of taxa, including Blommersia sp. Ca05, Boophys brachychir, Brookesia minima, Ebenavia inunguis, Geckolepis humbloti, Madascincus stumpffi, Pelomedus subrufa and Phelsuma kochi. Forest in the peninsula is under extreme pressure from human exploitation. Unless unsustainable agricultural and pastoral practices encroaching on these habitats halt immediately, both forest and the species that occur there, several of which appear to be local endemics, may be irreversibly lost.

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Jyothi, K. M., and P. O. Nameer. "Birds of sacred groves of northern Kerala, India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 7, no. 15 (December 26, 2015): 8226. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.2463.7.15.8226-8236.

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Sacred groves are patches of vegetation preserved due to religious or cultural tradition. They are protected through spiritual beliefs. Sacred groves provide an excellent abode to the biodiversity of the region where they are located. Scientific exploration of fauna from sacred groves of India is few and far between. The present study was conducted to explore the bird diversity and abundance in 15 selected sacred groves of northern Kerala, eight from Kannur District and seven from Kasargod District each. A total of 111 bird species were observed belonging to 49 families and 16 orders. The sacred groves of northern Kerala support many of the ‘forest-birds’ such as the Grey Junglefowl Gallus sonneratii, Asian Fairy-bluebird Irena puella, Tickell’s Blue-flycatcher Cyornis tickelliae, Malabar Trogon Harpactes fasciatus, Heart-spotted Woodpecker Hemicircus canente, Malabar Whistling-Thrush Myophonus horsfieldii, Little Spiderhunter Arachnothera longirostra, etc. The sacred groves of northern Kerala also support two endemic bird species of the Western Ghats, such as the Malabar Grey Hornbill Ocyceros griseus and Rufous Babbler Turdoides subrufa. Five species of raptors and four owl species were reported from the sacred groves of north Kerala during the present study. The breeding of the White-bellied Sea-Eagle has been reported at Edayilakadu Kavu, a sacred grove in Kasargod District. The sacred groves of northern Kerala also supported 17 species of long distant migratory birds. Thazhe Kavu, recorded the Black-headed Ibis Threskiornis melanocephalus, a Near-Threatened bird according to IUCN.<div> </div>

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GOMPEL, NICOLAS. "Synopsis of the Asian species in the genus Zarcosia Collado & Alonso-Zarazaga, 1996 with new combinations and descriptions of fourteen new species." Zootaxa 4838, no. 2 (August 26, 2020): 151–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4838.2.1.

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This work represents a provisional inventory of Asian species placed in the genus Zarcosia Collado & Alonso-Zarazaga, 1996. Most of these species had not been reassigned since their original description under now obsolete genera, in spite of the morphological homogeneity of the genus Zarcosia Collado & Alonso-Zarazaga, 1996. The present work includes the following transfers resulting in 34 new combinations: Z. armipes (Fairmaire, 1896), comb. nov.; Z. batuensis (Werner, 1962), comb. nov.; Z. bipartita (Pic, 1901), comb. nov.; Z. capitalis (Pic, 1901), comb. nov.; Z. cephalica (Werner, 1962), comb. nov.; Z. dentatifemur (Pic, 1912), comb. nov.; Z. discoidalis (Pic, 1902), comb. nov.; Z. genjiensis (Pic, 1917), comb. nov.; Z. glaucescens (Champion, 1920), comb. nov.; Z. grandiceps (Pic, 1899), comb. nov.; Z. holosericea (Champion, 1916), comb. nov.; Z. javana (Pic, 1894), comb. nov.; Z. kempi (Blair, 1924), comb. nov.; Z. longithorax (Pic, 1899), comb. nov.; Z. lucifuga (Heberdey, 1931), comb. nov.; Z. luteitarsis (Champion, 1924), comb. nov.; Z. malayana (Werner, 1962), comb. nov.; Zarcosia nathani (Pic, 1943), comb. nov.; Z. nigrofasciata (Pic, 1899), comb. nov.; Z. obscuricornis (Pic, 1927), comb. nov.; Z. palliditarsis (Pic, 1912), comb. nov.; Z. patucki (Champion, 1924), comb. nov.; Z. picina (Fairmaire, 1893), comb. nov.; Z. plumbea (Champion, 1916), comb. nov.; Z. proprior (Pic, 1920), comb. nov.; Z. rubrobasalis (Pic, 1921), comb. nov.; Z. rufotestacea (Pic, 1901), comb. nov.; Z. sellata (Champion, 1916), comb. nov.; Z. sexdentata (Champion, 1924), comb. nov.; Z. subrobusta (Pic, 1943), comb. nov.; Z. subrufa (Champion, 1924), comb. nov.; Z. testaceitarsis (Pic, 1926), comb. nov.; Z. troglodytes (Champion, 1916), comb. nov.; Z. uncifer (Champion, 1916), comb. nov. In addition, based on the study of over 200 Asian specimens, the geographical distribution of each species is outlined. The study of numerous collections lead me to recognize 14 new species, distinguishable, at least by male genitalia, that I describe here: Zarcosia barlayi n. sp., Zarcosia bedosae n. sp., Zarcosia brunnea n. sp., Zarcosia deharvengi n. sp., Zarcosia gerstmeieri n. sp., Zarcosia ilonae n. sp., Zarcosia intermedia n. sp., Zarcosia lemairei n. sp., Zarcosia schawalleri n. sp., Zarcosia sinuata n. sp., Zarcosia spinifemur n. sp. Zarcosia srilankaensis n. sp., Zarcosia sumatrensis n. sp. and Zarcosia weigeli n. sp. Finally, I propose a new synonymy for Hylophilus picinus var. rufescens Pic, 1905 = Zarcosia picina (Fairmaire, 1893), syn. nov. and design two lectotypes, for Xylophilus picinus, Fairmaire, 1893, pres. design. and for Zarcosia subglaber Pic, 1952 pres. design.

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FRAMENAU, VOLKER W., and BARBARA C. BAEHR. "Revision of the Australian Union-Jack wolf spiders, genus Tasmanicosa (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae)." Zootaxa 4213, no. 1 (December 23, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4213.1.1.

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The Australian wolf spider (Lycosidae Sundevall, 1833) genus Tasmanicosa Roewer, 1959 with Lycosa tasmanica Hogg, 1905 as type species is revised to include 14 species: T. godeffroyi (L. Koch, 1865), comb. nov. (= Lycosa tasmanica Hogg, 1905, syn. nov.; = Lycosa zualella Strand, 1907, syn. nov.; = Lycosa woodwardi Simon, 1909, syn. nov.); T. fulgor sp. nov.; T. gilberta (Hogg, 1905) comb. nov.; T. harmsi sp. nov.; T. hughjackmani sp. nov.; T. kochorum sp. nov.; T. leuckartii (Thorell, 1870), comb. nov. (= Lycosa molyneuxi Hogg, 1905, syn. nov.); T. musgravei (McKay, 1974) comb. nov.; T. phyllis (Hogg, 1905) comb. nov. (= Lycosa stirlingae Hogg, 1905, syn. nov.); T. ramosa (L. Koch, 1877), comb. nov.; T. salmo sp. nov.; T. semicincta (L. Koch, 1877) comb. nov.; T. stella sp. nov.; and T. subrufa (Karsch, 1878) comb. nov. Within the Australian wolf spider fauna, the genus Tasmanicosa can be diagnosed by the distinct pattern of radiating light and dark lines forming a “Union-Jack” pattern on the carapace. Male pedipalp morphology identifies the genus as part of the subfamily Lycosinae Sundevall, 1833 due to the presence of a transverse tegular apophysis with dorsal groove guiding the embolus during copulation. However, genital morphology is variable and a synapomorphy based on male pedipalp or female epigyne morphology could not be identified. Members of Tasmanicosa are comparatively large spiders (body length ca. 12–30 mm), that build a shallow burrow, which is sometimes covered with a flimsy trapdoor. Species of Tasmanicosa are largely a Bassian faunal element with preference for open woodlands and/or floodplains, although some species can be found into the semi-arid Australian interior. Two Australian wolf spider species may represent Tasmanicosa based on their original descriptions, but due to immature types in combination with the somatic similarities of all Tasmanicosa species, cannot be identified with certainty. They are therefore considered nomina dubia: Lycosa excusor L. Koch, 1867 and Lycosa infensa L. Koch, 1877. The type species of Orthocosa Roewer, 1960 is transferred to Tasmanicosa; however, in order to prevent some non-Australian wolf spiders in the genus Orthocosa to be transferred into Tasmanicosa, which is considered endemic to Australia, we here place these species into more appropriate genera based on their original descriptions pending a future revision of these species: Arctosa ambigua Denis, 1947 comb. reval.; Alopecosa orophila (Thorell, 1887) comb. nov.; Hygrolycosa tokinagai Saito, 1936 comb. reval. Orthocosa sternomaculata (Mello-Leitão, 1943) is considered a junior synonym of Hogna birabeni (Mello-Leitão, 1943) comb. nov.

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S. Abouelela, Yara, and Reem R. T. "Topographical and Morphological Studies on the African Helmeted Turtle (African Side-Necked Turtles - Pelomedusa Subrufa) with Special Reference to its Coelomic Cavity." Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences 8, no. 12 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.17582/journal.aavs/2020/8.12.1318.1324.

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Junker, K., and J. Boomker. "A check-list of the pentastomid parasites of crocodilians and freshwater chelonians." Onderstepoort J Vet Res 73, no. 1 (September 13, 2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/ojvr.v73i1.167.

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Based on published records and own data a summary is given of the geographical distribution of the currently known species of pentastomid parasites infecting crocodiles and alligators, as well as freshwater chelonians. A brief generic diagnosis is provided for each genus. Fourteen out of the currently 23 living crocodilian species have been recorded as being host to one or more pentastomes. Out of the 32 pentastome species six are considered species inquirendae. Presently, six genera of crocodilian pentastomes, Agema, Alofia, Leiperia, Sebekia, Selfia and Subtriquetra are recognized. African crocodiles harbour eight pentastome species, six of which have been recorded from the Nile crocodile, Crocodylus niloticus. Three species belong to the genus Sebekia, Alofia being represented by two and Leiperia by only one species. Two species, Alofia parva and Agema silvaepalustris, occur in the dwarf crocodile, Osteolaemus tetraspis, and the slender-snouted crocodile, Crocodylus cataphractus, exclusively, but a single Sebekia species is shared with the Nile crocodile. The genus Agema is endemic to the African region. Infective stages of the pentastome Sub triquetra rileyi, thought to utilize Nile crocodiles as final hosts, have been recovered only from fishes. The largest number of pentastome species is found in the Australasian region. Of these, the Indo-Pacific croc odile, Crocodylus porosus, harbours seven, representing the genera Alofia, Sebekia, Lei peria and Selfia. Selfia is exclusive to the latter host. The genus Subtriquetra has been reported from "Indian crocodiles", a term possibly referring to either Crocodylus palustris, Crocodylus porosus or Gavialis gangeticus. Ten species of pentastomes parasitizing the crocodilian genera Alligator, Caiman, Crocodylus and Melanosuchus have been recorded from the Neotropical region including the southern states of the North American continent. The two most wide-spread pentastome genera, Alofia and Sebekia, have been recorded together with representatives of the genus Sub triquetra and immature and larval forms of Leiperia. To date the two monospecific genera, Pelonia, from two terrapin species, Pelusios sinuatus and Pelomedusa subrufa, in South Africa, and Diesingia from Hydraspis geoffroyana and Hydromedusa tectifera in South America, are the only chelonian pentastomes recovered world-wide. A possible exception is the crocodilian pentastome Sebekia mississippiensis which can reach maturity in exper imentally infected terrapins.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Subrural'

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