Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Subordination'
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Bali, Mehdi. "La subordination financière." Thesis, Paris 9, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA090065.
Full textFinancial subordination establishes a hierarchy between creditors. This degree is implemented through the legal or intentional suppression of creditors’ right to equal distributions in the bankruptcy proceedings. When it is a priority claim, this loss is imposed on creditors by law. When it is a subordinated claim, creditors accept to waive their right to equal distributions. In both cases, some creditors will be paid only after the full payment of others. Those are called residual creditors.Corporation financing is based upon a division between owner and lender. Traditionally, the former puts money into the business through legal capital while the latter grants loans. As this view no longer depicts the reality of corporation financing, the French jurisprudence tried to replace it with the concept of equity, which is broader than the legal capital. In this work, equity is redefined in setting in its core financial subordination, which clearly shows why a shareholder is a residual claimant. This new definition of equity, which is shared by other disciplines outside law gives a different approach to the financing of companies under French law
Houssin, Mathias. "La subordination de créance : analyse de la subordination à l'épreuve de la procédure collective." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01D033.
Full textDebt subordination is the operation whereby a junior creditor agrees to be paid only once the senior creditor has been fully paid. The efficiency of the mechanism in bankruptcy depends on the chosen analysis. It is possible to consider that it changes the claim itself, or that it affects it indirectly. Our research shows that subordination affects a claim exogenously as it is built on the addition of personal liens impending on the junior vis-à-vis the senior creditor: subordination does not alter the right to payment but only its priority. Hence, an imbalance appears in the solicitation of creditors, since one euro of junior debt confers the same voting rights as one euro of senior debt: until a reform of the system of creditors committees, the survival of the subordination will only be made possible by voting agreement between creditors when these maintain the junior claim. From the debtor’s perspective, subordination does not modify the structure of a debt, but only changes the rules of payment. Unless an agreement is found between creditors, the waterfall payment should therefore force the respect of the absolute priority rule in the plan, because it does not violate any rule of equality between creditors. Exceptions should be accommodated in case of conflict between creditors, in order to optimize the rescue of the debtor, but still in respect of the structure of subordination. The indirect alteration of the junior claim accounts for the neutrality of subordination on the ranking itself of the claim, and explains that the liquidator cannot, de lege lata, apply the subordination agreement in the distribution of the assets, while the inapplication of the mechanism in the plan will offer little defense for the senior. Overall, the efficiency of debt subordination is uncertain because the mechanism affects a claim exogenously: this requires, upon solicitating the creditors, but also during the elaboration of the plan and in the distribution of the assets, that subordination passes into law in order to give effect to the mechanism
Gusmão, Xerxes. "Salariat et subordination : étude historique." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010309.
Full textCollet-Thiry, Nicolas. "L'encadrement contractuel de la subordination." Thesis, Paris 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA020012/document.
Full textThe employment agreement establishes the work relationship and institutes the relation of subordination which is reflected by a grant of power to the employer. It is thus up to the parties to define the extent, scope and limits of the employer’s authority. The employee only consents to a subordination strictly defined and controlled by the contract. An objective analysis of the implicit will of the contracting parties, with regard to their legitimate expectations and the finality of the authority instituted, and in light of requirements of contract law (notably the requirement to determine the object of obligations) and fundamental rights (primarily the right to health protection) enables to identify their mutual rights and obligations: which prerogatives the employer is entitled to exercise ? Which elements of the employment relationship cannot be altered unilaterally ? Besides, there are several powers of initiatives which the employee derives from the contract (exception of non-performance, constructive dismissal) allowing the employee to react to a breach by the employer. These contribute to the effectiveness of the contractual provisions and reflect a reinstatement of the employee as contractor : a subordinate contracting party, certainly, but a contracting party in its own right first and foremost
Zitterbart, Jussara Paranhos. "Zur korrelativen Subordination im Deutschen /." Tübingen : M. Niemeyer, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb399184639.
Full textTaguchi-Kusakabe, Noriko. "La subordination complétive dans le discours." Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040011.
Full textOne of the means of assuring the coherence of a text is to keep the same topic. The topic, defined as'a subject about which the discourse is going on', normally is represented by the pronoun 'il'. On the other hand, the pronouns 'je', 'nous', 'tu', 'vous' and 'on' are generally transparent on the topical point of view : that is to say, they can co-occur with the topic (represented by 'il', 'le' or 'lui') in the same sentence without disturbing the topical thread. This phenomenon can be adequately illustrated by the distinction of two types of language: one is the language of spectators, which describes mainly the speakers’ evaluation of what is going on, the other is the language of narration which reports objectively the events. In the frame of the discursive structure of language defined this way, thatclause construction assures a particular function : namely, that-clause sentences belong mostly to the language of spectators. The principal shows the nature of the predication of that-clause, rather than being itself the subject of the predication. The factive verbs which have the particularity of presupposing the truth of the object clause represent a special case of that-clause sentences. They have the function of imposing the claim of the truth of the object clause without asserting it. This dissimulation of the claim of the truth has various effects in the discourse, according to the meaning and the grammatical subject of the factive verb
Multrier-Trébulle, Agnès. "La notion de subordination de créance." Paris 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA020048.
Full textLu, Peng. "La subordination adverbiale en chinois contemporain." Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA070079.
Full textThis research brings to light the mechanisms of adverbial subordination, as illustrated in contemporary Chinese. It presents firstly a global view of the syntactic structure in the complex sentence with adverbial clauses in Chinese. It is shown that the complex sentence is constructed in the same way as the simple sentence. The adverbial clause behaves exactly like a non-clausal adverbial in a simple sentence. The different linear positions of adverbial clauses result from their different hierarchical levels. The adverbial clause is also constructed like a simple sentence. There is no specific rule governing the position of the constituents within the adverbial clause. The distribution of the subordinator depends on its nature, adverbial or prepositional. Following these investigations, the adverbial clauses in Chinese are divided into two main categories, according to the different syntactic properties manifested through their hierarchical level, their internal structure and the nature of their subordinator. We then embark on a series of detailed analysis on sentences that are concessive, final and consequential; we uncover their syntactic and semantic properties
Renaux-Personnic, Virginie. "L'avocat salarié : entre indépendance et subordination." Aix-Marseille 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX32028.
Full textBy allowing the salaried practice of the profession of barristers, law 90-1259 of 31. 12. 1990 leads to a twofold adaptation. First is involved of the profession of barristers to the salaried class. Although favoured by concessions of the profession and of the salaried class, wage-earning status remains reserved for the profession's own members and subordination is limited to the barrister's working conditions. Y et the deontology is modified. The principle of equality among confreres is skewed firstly by the intentional subordination of a barrister to one of his colleagues. Subsequent independence could well be limited because of the hazy concept of "labour conditions" and the similarity of technical competence of the employer and the salaried employee. Contrary to his confreres, the salaried barrister is not bound by his responsability and has not personally had the outlay of professional dues. The intuitu personae tie to clients is attenuated by the salaried barrister's being prohibited from developing his clientele. This ban also implies the delegation of cases files, the sharing of professional secrecy and the attenuation of impartiality by the inclusion working expenses into the fees. Secondly is involved the adaptation of the salaried class to the profession of barrister. The law of 1990 integrates the independent nature of the profession with the status of salaried barrister. The protection of independence justifies the contractual formality and explains the limitation of the employer's classical powers of supervision and sanction. The salaried barrister's status as representative of the law further justifies his being under the jurisdictional competence of the president of the bar. Furthemore, his membership in the profession of barristers explains his belonging to the barrister's pension fund. The domaine of labour conditions is also permeated with the independent character of the profession
Taguchi-Kusakabe, Noriko. "La Subordination complétive dans le discours." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37610084f.
Full textSan, Martin Itziar. "On subordination and the distribution of PRO." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/1403.
Full textThesis research directed by: Linguistics. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
Hauser, Charlotte. "Subordination in LSF : nominal and sentential embedding." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UNIP7188.
Full textIn this dissertation, we aim at investigating the syntactic complexity of LSF. We start with the well studied (in other sign languages) case of relativization strategies, which instantiates both subordination and recursive embedding. These properties have repeatedly been argued to be at the heart of human languages; hence, relative clauses are the flag holder of every understudied language aiming at seeing its status recognized. Regarding LSF, we describe two manual markers that we analyze as d-like relative pronouns, as well as a non-manually marked alternative strategy, and we show that LSF has both internally and externally headed relative clauses. We show that, depending on the relative pronoun used, the relatives instantiates different semantic properties. We integrate our findings in a generative formal framework. We also investigate the processing of subject and object relative clauses in this language, through the adaptation of a well-known eye-tracking paradigm. Through this experimental study, we find the existence of a Subject advantage in LSF. In the second part of the dissertation, we investigate several complex sentences: temporal constructions, question-answer pairs and sentential complements. While we know from spoken languages researches that temporal constructions surface through a variety of syntactic strategies such as subordination, juxtaposition or coordination, finding their equivalent in sign languages is often a challenge due to the absence of overt complementizers and other function words such as coordinators. This dissertation explores temporal constructions in LSF and frames them within a broad typological perspective. We show that LSF temporal clauses are very different from those of LIS. In particular, LSF constructions use two coordinated clauses, and the temporal marker is part of the second conjunct. Regarding Question Answer Pairs (QAP), a growing literature has emerged on sign languages describing this particular construction, which looks like a question followed by its fragment answer, but which crucially is not interpreted as such. In Kimmelman and Vink (2017), the authors propose the existence of a grammaticalization process, starting with information-seeking questions and ending with a question-answer constituent, creating a bridge between two of the main analyses that have been proposed in the literature to account for these constructions across sign languages. We demonstrate, based on an extensive depiction of LSF QAP properties, that the grammaticalization scale proposed in Kimmelman and Vink (2017) has to be further developed to integrate free relatives as its ending point. Finally, we provide a rather extensive investigation of sentential complements in LSF, showing that, in their vast majority, they are subordinated to the main predicate. We also show that LSF displays various types of complements, either finite, non-finite, or introduced by a complementizer
Fleck, Frédérique. "Interrogation, coordination et subordination : le latin quin /." [Paris] : Presses de l'Université Paris-Sorbonne, 2008. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41244738c.
Full textBibliogr. p. 433-445. Index.
Lelandais, Manon. "Expression multimodale de la subordination en anglais." Thesis, Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NANT2018/document.
Full textBased on a video recording of conversational British English and within the framework of Multimodal Discourse Analysis, this study tests whether three different syntactic types of subordinate structures are evenly integrated to their environment. Subordinate constructions have been described in syntax as dependent forms elaborating on primary elements of discourse. Beyond showing that subordinate constructions are not evenly dependent on their environment depending on how speakers use the prosodic and kinetic modalities to express greater (in)dependency, our results in production as in perception suggest on the one hand that appositive clauses show more break than the other syntactic types, and on the other hand that the creation of a break mainly relies on prosodic cues
Nesbitt, Perez Susan L. "Use of subordination in English second language texts." Thesis, State University of New York at Albany, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3588149.
Full textThis study investigates features of high-level academic writing in English with the aim of understanding the development of L2 English learners’ academic writing skills as they follow a course of study in an English-speaking country. The study focuses on L2 writers’ text quality and use of clause subordinators as a measure of writing complexity. The typology of the writers’ L1s provides the organizational framework for the study, with three language typology groupings determined by a writer’s L1 word order tendency: (1) configurational languages, (2) nonconfigurational languages, and (3) Asian languages.
The corpus analyzed included written work collected at the beginning, the middle, and the end of a semester from 19 international graduate-level students enrolled in a semester-long academic writing course specifically for international students. The principal features examined in the corpus of texts collected were writers’ use and frequency of subordinators, and text comprehensibility. To provide a comparative reference for the academic writing course findings, a separate dataset composed of 240 TOEFL® iBT independent essays was also examined for evidence of similar features.
The results revealed that (1) writers from configurationally different L1s write texts in English that are significantly different in quality and complexity, and; (2) the analysis of the significant differences between groups—sentence length, sentence complexity, comprehensibility, total subordinator frequency, and specific subordinator usage—shows the groups are distinct in their text construction and use of subordination, and that the configurational group’s texts are most different from other groups. Writers’ self-reflections on the progression of their writing skills during the study abroad context add insights to the quantitative findings. The study’s findings suggest directions for future research in L2 writing development, inform EFL pedagogy and L2 English learners’ preparation for study abroad, and underscore the importance of colleges and universities providing comprehensive writing support to incoming international students.
CORREA, CARMEN MARIA BAPTISTA. "EVERY SUNDAY WAS CHICKEN DAY: POWER, SUBORDINATION, RESISTANCE." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2013. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=23098@1.
Full textCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE EXCELENCIA ACADEMICA
Esta pesquisa se aplica à alimentação no dia de descanso ao se matar a galinha criada no terreiro da casa, preparada e servida no almoço em família quando Todo Domingo Era dia de Galinha. Uma narrativa concebida a uma forma de sociabilidade, adotada na compreensão da necessidade de um padrão, um hábito alimentar de um grupo de homens e mulheres negros, contexto de subalternidade diante da urbanização, localizados nos subúrbios, lançados à luz dos menos visíveis, na reordenação da cidade. O estudo no uso da metodologia explora o modelo etnográfico. Na passagem do tempo, a galinha viva passou a ser comprada no centro das práticas sociais, no Mercadão de Madureira, onde tudo alimenta e salva o valor no consumo das mercadorias. O que se busca é problematizar esse sujeito marcado na função da ausência, engessado na negação de uma produção do pensamento. Em Spivak, o sujeito impossibilitado da fala, concebido como passivo na prática discursiva presente nas representações sociais e políticas.
This research applies the power to the rest day by killing the goose created the yard of the house, prepared and served at family lunch when All day Sunday was chicken. A narrative designed a form of sociability , adopted in understanding the need for a standard , an eating habit of a group of black men and women , the context of subordination before urbanization , located in the suburbs , launched in light of the less visible , the reordering city . The study explores the use of ethnographic methodology model. The passage of time, the live chicken came to be purchased at the center of social practices in Mercadão Madureira, where everything feeds and saves the value in the consumption of goods. What is sought is to question this guy scored in terms of the absence, plastered in a denial of production of thought. In Speak, the subject prevented speech, designed as a liability in this discursive practice in social and political representations.
Blons-Pierre, Catherine. "La subordination dans l'oeuvre de Chrétien de Troyes." Lyon 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO20034.
Full textSubordination in the romances of Chretien de Troyes has been investigated in two different ways. First of all, a macroscopic study has been made to show how Chretien, in the twelfth century, used subordination in speech and narration in an inventive way. Then, this study has been completed by a microscopic approach consisting in analysing the various instruments of subordination represented by conjunctions and conjunctive locutions through statistical methods. Following this double approache, we have come to te conclusion that Chretien de Troyes was among those who have made the most elaborate researches on the possibilities offered by subordination
Piot, Mireille. "Composition transformationnelle de phrases par subordination et coordination." Paris 7, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA070019.
Full textThis study presents a transformational analysis of adverbial subordinate clauses in French based on a systematic and exhaustive classification of all relevant items. We analyse syntactic- semantic phenomena concerning four classes of subordinating conjunctions (in addition to the first four classes presented in our earlier PHD thesis, 1978). We examine, by comparison, co-ordination and also studying a ninth class of double conjunctions (most of them are coordinating). We present here a set of about 400 conjunctions studied in the framework of lexico-grammar (M. Gross). Methodology is based on Z. S. Harris’ transformational and discourse analysis (1968,1970,1975). To summary, we observe: 1)required parallelism between sentences of three classes of subordinating conjunctions and the double conjunctions one (parallelism may concern conjunction and or sentences structure, and or the semantic information in sentences. 2)there is no one category of subordinating conjunctions but all these items are divided into two different complement types. 3)the status of primary sentence is showed by the deletion and pro-morpheme order in complex sentences. 4)in some constructions, we observe a change in the status of particular items between subordination and coordination: in such cases the syntactic properties are completely opposite and there is no continuum. In conclusion, this study represents the basic syntactic-semantic rules of discourse analysis and propositions for pedagogical tools and automatic analysis of texts
Robert, Erwan. "Subordination et responsabilité civile : quelle immunité du salarié ?" Nantes, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NANT4028.
Full textCivil immunity aims at protecting employees for the acts accomplished during their mission. Work relationship is based on the subordinate’s submission to the employer’s authority. Subordination put forward the true nature of the relation between employee and employer. Subordination meens that the employee is not responsible for the economical jeopardize of his activity. This is the reason why the employee’s liability towards the employer in almost exclusively disciplinary. Regarding the thirds, the agent is very often an employee, whom is only a wheel in an entreprise of which he is not control the functioning. Only the principal is able to take the measures to prevent from activity risks. Thus, the employer guarantor must bear regular professional risks. Both a voluntary serious risk and a very dangerous behaviour witch is not justified by the task to accomplish are require to engage the employee civil liability. Such a definition is very closed to the inexcusable fault, at least as understood in social law
Ziegelmeyer, Georg. "Aspekte adverbialer Subordination im Hausa, Fulfulde und Kanuri /." Köln : Köppe, 2008. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=017368884&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
Full textHellqvist, Herdy Birgitta. "La subordination dans la production écrite en français L2 : Étude sur l’acquisition de la subordination en français L2 chez dix lycéens suédophones." Thesis, Linnaeus University, School of Language and Literature, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-5933.
Full textAbstract
The aim of this study is to examine the use of subordinate clauses in the written production of second language French by ten Swedish-speaking learners at an upper secondary school/a senior high school. The learners’ general level of development has been evaluated by means of the automatic analyzer of texts Direkt Profil constructed by Granfeldt, J., Nugues, P et al at the University of Lund.
In the first part, a transversal study of 30 texts written by ten learners during three months (August – October 2009), has resulted in the proposal of the following acquisitional sequence concerning the subordinate clauses : qui > quand > que-complétif > parce que > que-relatif > si/même si > comme > où.
We propose that the relative clause introduced by qui is to be regarded as the first step and a great number of these clauses in our corpus are so called prefabricated chunks, learned in their entirety, as for example : qui s’appelle... or qui a ... ans.
Concerning the nominal subordinate clause introduced by que, we suspect a certain influence from the Swedish language as the conjunction is omitted in several cases.
Our proposed acquisitional sequence is compared with the acquisitional sequence concerning syntactic complexity proposed by Inge Bartning and Suzanne Schlyter, which is based on spoken French of adult Swedish-speaking learners. We notice an earlier and more frequent use of subordinations in our written material than has been proposed by Bartning and Schlyter for their spoken material.
In the second part, the longitudinal study, the individual development of five of the ten learners, whose texts have been studied also in the first part, is examined. The material has been completed with three more texts from each learner and it covers eigth months of the first year at the upper secondary school/the senior high school (August 2009 – April 2010). We notice a clear increase of subordinate clauses in the texts of all the five learners, in spite of the fact that the evaluation of their general level of lingustic development (according to Direkt Profil) shows that three of five learners are at the same level of development in April 2010, as they were in August 2009. We also see that our proposed acquisitional sequence is valid for the learners at the lower level while the learners at an advanced level construct other types of subordinate clauses than those which occurred in the corpus of the transversal part of our study.
Aydogan, Ibrahim. "Temps, subordination et concordance des temps dans le roman kurde : étude descriptive sur le systeme verbal et la subordination temporelle en kurde." Rouen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ROUEL540.
Full textPauly, Dennis. "Grenzfälle der Subordination : Merkmale, Empirie und Theorie abhängiger Nebensätze." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2013. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2014/7027/.
Full textThis study focuses on so-called non-canonical or unintegrated clauses in German. These clauses cannot easily be categorized as either subordinate or coordinate by using classical criteria like the syntactic function or the position of the finite verb. In linguistics in general, this phenomenon has been discussed since the seventies (Davison 1979) and Fabricius-Hansen (1992) brought this topic to German linguistics. Apart from the mere identification of non-canonical clause types, previous studies mostly deal with classification approaches in order to be able to subsume at least some non-canonical clause types under the same category, see Fabricius-Hansen (1992) or Reis (1997). This study aims at providing an exhaustive classification of non-canonical clause types. In order to do so, I will first look at all potential diagnostics that could be used to distinguish between different clause linkage patterns. This needs to be addressed because most previous studies simply assume a certain set of diagnostics to be relevant and valid. Eventually, it will turn out that only a very limited number of criteria can serve as clear diagnostics with regard to a certain clause linkage status. After that, I will present a taxonomy of German clauses that is able to cover all non-canonical clauses only with postulating one additional subcategory. Furthermore, this classification is also able to cover the numerous cases of non-canonical clauses that show idiosyncratic behavior. Besides, I will further show how such a classification can address so-called secondary diagnostics. Finally, the previously established taxonomy will be embedded in a generative framework. By using HPSG and its default inheritance principle, it is possible to capture all non-canonical clause types within one simple classification.
Headley, Stacyanne. "Racial subordination and the politics of lynching in America." The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1154654371.
Full textEvans, Kristian. "Subordination in the sense of Bochner of variable order." Thesis, Swansea University, 2008. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42613.
Full textAndrieu, Wilfrid. "Le concept de subordination et les grammaires de l'anglais." Paris 10, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA100102.
Full textThis doctoral dissertation focuses on the history of the concept of syntactical subordination as it developed in grammars of English. This study is concerned with examining the cultural conditions which gave birth to the concept as well as explaining the process of its import and generalization in grammars of English. The notion of import is pivotal as the concept of subordination appeared within the framework of the French school of thought called Grammaire générale before being adopted by German grammarians. One of them (K. F. Becker) proved to be particularly influential since grammars of the English language like J. D. Morell’s served as a vehicle for his linguistic principles and ensured the success of the concept of subordination. This syntactical model became the norm during the second half of the 19th century and has been used ever since in grammars, whatever their theoretical orientation may be. Besides, writing about the history of this grammatical concept enables us to question the validity of epistemological models as they apply to the history of the language sciences. The introduction of the concept did not entail upheaval in the field of syntax since the analysis of the complex sentence opened up new perspectives for syntax without making morphosyntax appear outmoded. Therefore it is possible to object to an epistemological model based on a succession of paradigms and to assert the validity of a linguistic tradition linked with the notion of a continuum, which is attested both by the mode of introduction of the concept and by the fact that the concept of subordination represents an extension of the theory of syntax
Le, Draounlec Anne. "Étude présuppositionnelle des subordonnées temporelles." Toulouse 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU20096.
Full textThe main goal of this dissertation is to show that the analysis of temporal subordinate clauses may benefit from a presuppositional approach. The study is divided in three parts. The first one is devoted to a survey of presuppositional inference in general (chapter 1), and of the "presupposition projection" problem. The second part defines in more precise terms the relation between presupposition and temporal subordination. It appears that the presuppositional character of temporal clauses explains how they take part in the organization of discourse (chapter 3). Chapter 4, more specifically devoted to the aspectual and temporal properties of temporal clauses, shows that they have a "subsidiary" reference time, which is also presupposed. In chapter 5, we examine the difficulties raised by temporal clauses referring to a future situation. We finally see, in chapter 6, that the absence of a reference time explains the difficulty in introducing a negation in the temporal clause. In the third part, the interest focuses on before-clauses which do not presuppose that the eventuality described has actually taken place. Chapter 7 develops the hypothesis that a contextual implication may justify the counterfactual interpretation of the subordinate clause. However, it appears that the analysis remains insatisfactory, for it fails to explain why, in some cases, the realization of the situation described in the clause is in suspension. In a attempt to resolve this difficulty, i show in chapter 8 that what plays a fundamental role is the perspective from which the presupposition is viewed
Pippos, Angela. "A century of subordination : women in the Australian Labor Party /." Title page and contents only, 1990. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09arp665.pdf.
Full textBaudson, Nathalie. "Le domaine réservé du salarié dans le rapport de subordination." Toulouse 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU10089.
Full textThe specific field of the employee within a subordination bind would be a framework in which the employer could not interfere. Nevertheless, the employment contract allows the employer to give orders to the employee, who must obey. We therefore acknowledge how difficult it is to show the specific field of the employee within this uneven contract. The aim is to deal with the opposition between the employee's subordination and the restrictions of the employer's authority
Vo, Thi Anh Ngoc. "Subordination relative en vietnamien : éléments de comparaison avec le français." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOU20151.
Full textThis thesis proposes a description of Vietnamese in comparison with French around the phenomenon of relativization in the frame of typological and contrastive linguistics. It is divided into two parts. The first part specifies the preliminary matters and typological framework. It presents some salient features of the Vietnamese language, an isolating language, compared to the French inflected language. It reviews some basic concepts in general linguistics such as subject / grammatical subject, theme / rheme, sentence / clause and subordination / subordinator. The notion of subordination is then introduced into the typological framework adopted (Creissels 2006) for the presentation of crosslinguistic relativization as well as for the analysis of relative clauses in French and in Vietnamese. The second part is devoted to the constrative study of the relative clauses in French and in Vietnamese with two objectives. The first objective is to identify the properties of relativization at the morphosyntactic and functional levels by examining the syntactic structure of the head noun, the strategies of relativization, the Accessibility Hierarchy for relativization and the typology of relative clauses. The second objective is to highlight the peculiarities of the functioning of Vietnamese compared with French, and more specifically, the Minimum relationship (Lemaréchal 1997) between a head noun and a relative clause and the polyfunctionality of the relativiser mà. This study, which aims at contributing to the typology of relativization, provides a systematic description of the relative subordination in a typological perspective, and never such a study has been undertaken, to our knowledge, in Vietnamese linguistics
Pépin, Nicolas. "Le lien de subordination juridique dans les relations de travail." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON10021.
Full textThe concept of legal subordination is in direct confrontation with the changing labor market. Given the constraints of employment law, the wage is leaking which promotes legal arrangements but also the real alternatives. These now supply the phenomenon of economically dependent workers, reflecting the extension of a gray area into borders of employment. It becomes increasingly difficult to define the employment contract. Yet the stakes are high, particularly with regard to the infringement of concealed work. The legal subordination is the distinguishing criterion of the employment contract, it should take stock of approaches successively proposed by doctrine and jurisprudence. The aim of this thesis is to try to take stock of this unstable concept to predict and suggest possible changes
Deaton, JoEtta H. "The doctrine of creation and gender subordination a complementarian view /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2007. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p018-0111.
Full textKitano, Kenji. "The eternal relational subordination of the Son to the Father." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1999. http://www.tren.com.
Full textPerez, David M. "Native Subordination Through The Franciscan Institutions During The Sixteenth Century." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/189.
Full textAnderfuhren, Marie. "L'employée domestique à Recife (Brésil) : entre subordination et recherche d'autonomie." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010629.
Full textGlikman, Julie. "Parataxe et Subordination en ancien français. Système syntaxique, variantes et variation." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2009. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2011/5678/.
Full textParataxis and subordination, two sometimes antithetical terms, are problematic due to their high degree of polysemy. It is from this ambiguity that arises the subject of this study, asyndetic constructions, which have an uncertain status between integration and independence. In this dissertation we propose a reexamination of this ancient phenomenon, already well known in Old French, by placing it in the context of questions and advances in current research on the subject. In order to do this we must first give a definition of subordination. We then go on to show that asyndetic constructions are indeed a case of subordination. Finally, this dissertation shows that this phenomenon constitutes, at least in Old French, a free syntactic variation. Its dispersion and presence in texts diminished very early, but the existence of similar phenomena in Modern French, as well as other indicators, allow us to make the hypothesis that this evolution is due to an oral / written alternation. This dissertation thus shows that the issue related to subordination and parataxis do not actually differ, whether in Old French or Modern French, and that parataxis is indeed a construction in the language system.
Mujuru-Mvere, Naomi Norma. "Rural women's increasing subordination due to HIV/AIDS in eastern Zimbabwe." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.423400.
Full textPadhi, Romina. "An empirical study of subordination levels in commercial mortgage backed securities." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/33194.
Full textThis electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 50-52).
The CMBS market has been in existence since the mid 1980s; however, it was during the mid 1990s that the market began to grow. A combination of favorable interest rate environment, entry of new players in the market and the amount of demand for commercial real estate assets, led to a record US CMBS issuance in 2004, with the 2005 outlook being even better. However, the subordination or credit enhancement level of these securities has been on a downward trend since 1995. The thesis attempts to analyze the risk factors such as loan to value ratio, debt service coverage ratio, floating versus fixed rate, large and conduit deal types, as well as diversification factors (property type and geographic location), and their impact on subordination levels. Finally, market forces such as spreads on CMBS are also analyzed for their influence on subordination levels. For the analysis, data were collected on 430 commercial mortgage backed securities issued from 1995 through mid 2005. The information was obtained from Trepp, which tracks all the commercial mortgage backed securities issued in the market. The trend in subordination levels of each of the tranches or bond classes was analyzed over the period of study and a quantitative regression analysis was performed to analyze the influence of the above mentioned factors on the subordination levels.
(cont.) The results indicate that the loan to value ratio, interest rate type (fixed versus floating) and the deal type (conduit and large loans) have a significant impact on the subordination levels. Also, certain other market factors, including the spread differential between CMBS and corporate bonds, strong property market performance, increased liquidity and increased number of investors may also have influence the subordination levels of these securities.
by Romina Padhi.
S.M.
Eutedjian, Claudine. "Le droit face à la subordination dans les relations de distribution." Aix-Marseille 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX32048.
Full textGiraldi, Filippo. "Decoherence, Master Equation for Open Quantum Systems, and the Subordination Theory." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2005. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4812/.
Full textBodley-Dangelo, Faye S. "Humanity as antithesis super-subordination in the anthropology of Karl Barth /." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2001. http://www.tren.com.
Full textStephens, James A. "Caesar's Bellum Gallicum Book 1 with Vocabulary, Notes, and Clause Subordination." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3644.
Full textBoudas, Emmanuel. "L’Italie et les Alliés de 1914 à 1919 : indépendance ou subordination ?" Thesis, Paris 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA030188/document.
Full textThis thesis aims to study interallied relationships between Italy and the Entente with rigor and in all dimensions: military, diplomatic, economic and social from 1914 to 1919. We can establish force reports and strategic lines in order to structuring old and new balances from war to Versailles’ peace. The world war one beganby an independent Italy in 1914-1916. Then in 1917, Italy became an subordinate state toward Allies. Finaly, in1918-1919 Italy was a vassal state of Allies and Associates. The injured victory of 1919 became a logic result inreason of new global order created by the World War one.This result is obtained by a new strategic global analysis,founded on power determinants: economy, national cohesion, war effort, diplomacy and moral forces of nations.This analysis scans all the spectre of war: from breaking out to peace. It’s founded on three theoric schemes: thestategic think of Sun Tzu, the war meaning of Clauzewitz and the game theory. The obtained strategic lines giveinternational force reports and new balances.This thesis emerges on historic level on a new vision of interalliedrelationships during the World War one. It was back at historic foundation: policy and war are the history heart. It concerns to restore at politic and military history her nobility letters. Moreover it stays three research sectors todevelop: cultural rivalries between nations, differences between social models, and a psychologic analysis.Fascism is the last consequence in Italy from war and the injured victory. Italy was lower than before the WorldWar one. The World War one has destabilized Italy by creating a politic and economic crisis. The beginning of Arditi spirit, missing of social reforms in 1919 and the experience of war are they in charge of the March onRome by Fascists ?
Abdoulhamid, Ali. "La subordonnée participiale au participe passé en Français : de la phrase au discours." Thesis, Paris 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA030007/document.
Full textThe typology of French subordinate participial clauses studied here is grounded in their context, which is shown to partially determine their distribution (‘pure’ or naked, introduced by a temporal adverbial, or yet containing the auxiliary étant ‘being’). When naked, the clause always entertains a relationship of coreference with the events denoted in the preceding context, and its verb is resultative, yielding a temporal interval between the two eventualities. In some cases, the participial clause does not introduce any new information : it simply generalises the contents of the (not necessarily immediately) preceding sentence, indicates that the main clause is consequent upon it, and functions like a discursive connective or a pure temporal adjunct. In other cases, it is rhematic, at least in so far has it provides aspectual specifications, and thus play anundeniable narrative rôle. When a temporal expression (une fois, sitôt…) introduces the clause, the semantic value of the participle is also specified, and the clause acquires a form of syntactic autonomy it does not have otherwise. Finally, when the auxiliary étant occurs, the subordinate clause can denote a hitherto unknown eventuality, whose aspectual properties are distinct from the aforementioned cases ; in particular, reference is only made to the end point, never to the beginning of the action thus described. This third type of participial clause is also shown to entertain textual and/or discursive relations with the context that are crucially different from the other types
Cortes, Colette. "Contribution à l'étude des relations syntaxiques : la relation circonstancielle dans les subordonnées de l'allemand moderne." Paris 8, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA080266.
Full textThe purpose of the research described in this work, which is based on corpus of about 5000 subordinate clauses taken from contemporary german, is to assign a description, without any exclusive theoretical frame, to several subordinate clauses : the temporal or hypothetical clauses starting with (wenn), the causal clauses starting with (da) and (well), the comparison related subordinate clauses (subordinating conjunctions (wie) and (als), the infinitive constructions, the concessive subordinate clauses. Syntactic results. By the use of 10 tests, it could be shown that subordinate clauses operate along 4 distinct patterns : (1) the "completive" clause, (2) the circumstancial clause, (3) the "argumentative" clause, (4) the commentaries. Semantic results. Subordinating conjunctions can be divided into "determinative conjunctions", generally characterised by the morpheme (d-), and "undeterminative conjunctions", generally characterised by the morpheme (w-). It is also shown that determination belongs both to the subordinate clause and to the complete sentence. The determination of each subordinate clause results from the combination of flags raised by the subordinating conjunction, the location of the verb, the noun phrases or the verbal forms. All these flags perform the function of "delimitation" of the noun-phrases, the subordinate clauses, the sentence or the text. It is even possible to go as far as to say that "determination" and "delimitation" are both "faces" of the same linguistic sign
Isiksal, Huseyin. "Subordination Of The Arab Regional System: The Cases Of Egypt &." Phd thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614959/index.pdf.
Full textsubordination&rsquo
of the Arab regional system by giving special reference to Egypt and Iraq, as the two most prominent Arab countries that challenged the established Westphalian state system in the Middle East. Through introducing the concept of &lsquo
subordination&rsquo
, the research seeks to answer the questions of &lsquo
what makes the Middle East different than other regions?&rsquo
and &lsquo
how the Middle East subordinated to the international system?&rsquo
The conduct of the thesis is based upon three interrelated discussions
systemic origins of the subordination and its main characteristics, subordination of the Middle East as sub-international regional system, and finally the case studies which testify and approve the validity and implications of the theoretical arguments that presented in the former parts of the thesis. Through the exercise of independent, original, and critical thought, this thesis aims to build on existing knowledge by using already known materials but with a new conceptualizations, design and interpretation.
Butler, Sarah. "A study exploring the phenomenon of involuntary subordination within social rank theory." Thesis, University of East London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.532489.
Full textMassé, Peggy. "Les manifestations de la subordination hiérarchique du parquet au garde des sceaux." Aix-Marseille 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX32061.
Full textBredon, Guillaume. "L'évolution de la notion de subordination comme critère du contrat de travail." Paris 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA020047.
Full textLangslet, Nina. "Subordination, migration and mobilization : strategies for coping in an altered security situation /." Oslo : Department of Sociolgy and Human Geopgraphy, Universitetet i Oslo, 2008. http://www.duo.uio.no/publ/iss/2008/75212/Langslet.pdf.
Full text