Relevant bibliographies by topics / Subordinate

Academic literature on the topic 'Subordinate'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 April 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Subordinate"

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Yung Chou, Shih, Bo Han, and Xiaohu Zhang. "Effect of guanxi on Chinese subordinates' work behaviors: a conceptual framework." Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration 6, no. 1 (April 1, 2014): 18–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/apjba-04-2013-0033.

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Purpose – This study aims to investigate a subordinate's perception of supervisor-subordinate guanxi and its impact on the subordinate's work-related outcomes. Design/methodology/approach – This study draws upon relevant literature and develops a theoretical framework that investigates the relationships among a subordinate's perceived supervisor-subordinate guanxi, loyalty to supervisor, challenge-oriented organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB), affiliation-oriented OCB, job security perception, and task performance. Findings – This study suggests first, subordinate-supervisor guanxi will have a positive impact on a subordinate's loyalty to supervisor. Second, subordinate-supervisor guanxi will negatively affect a subordinate's challenge-oriented OCB, but will positively affect a subordinate's affiliation-oriented OCB. Third, a subordinate's loyalty to supervisor will negatively influence his or her challenge-oriented OCB, but will positively influence his or her affiliation-oriented OCB. Fourth, challenge-oriented OCB will negatively affect job security perception, whereas affiliation-oriented OCB will positively affect job security perception. Finally, job security perception will positively influence task performance. Research limitations/implications – This study has several limitations. First, it does not consider the role of personality traits in determining work-related behaviours. Second, it only considers a one-to-one guanxi relationship. Thus, the results of this study could be different when a supervisor has one-to-many guanxi relationships. Practical implications – This study suggests that a supervisor should take how to create quality informal relationships with subordinates into account when attempting to motivate Chinese subordinates' task and extra-role performance. Moreover, managers should manage effective informal social networks with subordinates proactively. Originality/value – This study is one of the few studies that examine the impact of subordinate-supervisor guanxi on both extra-role and in-role performance from the perspective of singular view of subordinate-supervisor guanxi.
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Varma, Arup, Ivana Zilic, Anastasia Katou, Branimir Blajic, and Nenad Jukic. "Supervisor-subordinate relationships and employee performance appraisals: a multi-source investigation in Croatia." Employee Relations: The International Journal 43, no. 1 (September 21, 2020): 45–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/er-06-2019-0248.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to empirically examine supervisor-subordinate relationships and their impact on performance appraisal in Croatia. Specifically, we were interested in examining how supervisor-subordinate relationships impact subordinate perceptions of performance evaluation and the subordinate's reactions to the performance evaluation.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses matched data from a sample of supervisors and subordinates (n = 53) in a leading organization in the hospitality industry in Croatia, as well as objective performance appraisal data to examine the impact of supervisor-subordinate relationships on subordinate reactions to performance appraisal.FindingsThe key findings of this study include (1) supervisor trustworthiness determines the quality of their relationship with subordinates and leads to interpersonal liking, and (2) supervisor-subordinate relationship quality has a significant impact on subordinate reactions to performance appraisal process and outcomes.Research limitations/implicationsThe overall sample size (n = 53) of this study is small, and limits our ability to make generalizations beyond a point. Also, since the sample included only Croatian individuals, the findings maybe an artifact of the fact that they all hold similar values. Future studies should examine these relationships in supervisor-subordinate dyads comprised of individuals of different cultural backgrounds.Practical implicationsSupervisors should attempt to have high quality relationships with most, if not all, subordinates, as this would lead to higher acceptance of the performance appraisal process, which can impact future performance. Also, trustworthiness is closely related to the subordinate's perception of the quality of relationship he/she shares with the supervisor.Originality/valueThis is the first known paper to empirically study performance appraisal processes and relationships in Croatia, which also included both supervisor and subordinate perspectives.
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Liu, Pingqing, and Junxi Shi. "Trust in the subordinate and deference to supervisor in China." Chinese Management Studies 11, no. 4 (November 6, 2017): 599–616. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cms-12-2016-0246.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to illuminate the mechanism which can explain and predict subordinates’ deferential behaviour in China. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected using mail surveys. The study used two sources of data (supervisor and subordinate) obtained via two separate sets of surveys. In total, 600 questionnaires were distributed to subordinate–supervisor dyads employed in a variety of organizations, and 441 dyad-level questionnaires were collected. Findings The paper revealed that supervisors’ political mentoring (PM) moderated the strength of the mediated relationships between a supervisor’s trust in the subordinate and the subordinate’s deference to supervisor via supervisor–subordinate guanxi. Furthermore, the direct interaction effect of a supervisor’s trust and PM influenced the subordinate’s deference to supervisor only when the level of PM was low. Originality/value This study clarifies the mechanism by which supervisor’s specific behaviours affect subordinate’s deference to supervisor, and explores how supervisor–subordinate dyad creates a reciprocal relationship. The research indicates the unique effect of supervisor’s PM in Chinese organizations, and reinforces the importance of considering supervisor’s trust in the subordinate.
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Kwak, Won Jun, and Christine L. Jackson. "Relationship building in empowering leadership processes: A test of mediation and moderation." Journal of Management & Organization 21, no. 4 (June 15, 2015): 369–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2015.11.

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AbstractThe direct positive relationship between empowering leadership and subordinate empowerment is well established. However, leader–member exchange (LMX) research, which concerns a leader’s relationship-building with subordinates in a work unit, suggests that the direct leader empowering–subordinate empowerment association may be more complex than understood in the current literature. Accordingly, this study examined LMX theory-based mediation and moderation processes occurring between empowering leadership and subordinate empowerment. In a field study employing 132 administrative workers in 26 work groups, as expected, an individual subordinate’s perceived LMX mediated the positive effects of empowering leadership on the subordinate’s psychological empowerment. In addition, LMX differentiation cross-level moderated the linkage between empowering leadership and perceived LMX. Together, study findings suggest that subordinates’ perceived LMX in a dyadic relationship with a leader and in a work group needs to be carefully considered in empowering leadership processes.
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Peng, Jian, Xiao Chen, Qi Nie, and Zhen Wang. "Proactive personality congruence and creativity: a leader identification perspective." Journal of Managerial Psychology 35, no. 7/8 (September 14, 2020): 543–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmp-10-2018-0444.

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PurposeDrawing upon the social identity approach, this research examines whether and how leader–subordinate congruence at high levels of proactive personality facilitates subordinate creativity.Design/methodology/approachTwo different data sets (Study 1: N = 205; Study 2: N = 222) were collected from leader–subordinate dyads in China to provide stronger empirical evidence regarding our hypotheses. Polynomial regression and response surface analyses were used to test our predictions.FindingsSubordinate creativity in the scenario in which the leader and subordinate shared a highly proactive personality (i.e. high–high congruence) was higher than that in the incongruence or low–low congruence scenario. The subordinate's identification with the leader mediated the above relationships such that the indirect relationship between leader–subordinate proactive personality and subordinate creativity via identification with the leader was maximized in the high–high congruence scenario.Practical implicationsThe findings suggest that organizations should consider selecting both highly proactive leaders and highly proactive subordinates to facilitate the subordinates' identification and subsequent creativity.Originality/valueThis research highlights the crucial role of leader–subordinate congruence in strong proactive personality for the promotion of creativity and reveals that identification with the leader accounts for the above relationship.
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Baral, Rupashree, and Pavithra Sampath. "Exploring the moderating effect of susceptibility to emotional contagion in the crossover of work–family conflict in supervisor–subordinate dyads in India." Personnel Review 48, no. 5 (August 2, 2019): 1336–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pr-05-2017-0139.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the applicability of a crossover model of work–family conflict (WFC) in the work setting among supervisor–subordinate dyads. It examines the positive association between supervisor’s WFC and subordinate’s WFC and analyses the moderating effect of subordinate’s susceptibility to emotional contagion (SEC). Design/methodology/approach Data were gathered using a questionnaire survey method and tested in 193 matched supervisor–subordinate dyads from select organisations representing the services sector in India. Findings The authors found a significant direct crossover path from the supervisor to his/her subordinate’s WFC. The effect of supervisor reported WFC on subordinate reported WFC was found to be strong when the subordinate displayed higher SEC with his/her supervisor. Research limitations/implications Examining the crossover of WFC contributes to theory by broadening crossover research to include transmission of negative experiences in the work context. This study significantly adds to emotional contagion theory by substantiating the existence of WFC contagion in supervisor–subordinate dyads. Given the constraints of cross-sectional research design, future research should replicate these findings using a larger sample in other cultural contexts as well to generalise the results. Future research should consider using longitudinal data and including information from both the supervisor and the subordinates collected at different points in time. Crossover of positive work–family experiences (e.g. work–family enrichment) and the role of other individual difference variables such as the personality of the subordinates, empathy, etc., could also be considered. Practical implications Supervisors should be advised of the potential adverse effects of their WFC and organisations should be made cognizance of the impact that the WFC of employees can have on their job outcomes. Organisations should provide the required formal and informal support to their employees to deal with their WFC efficiently. Originality/value This study has attempted to examine the crossover of WFC in supervisor–subordinate dyads and the potential effect of one of the individual difference variables namely SEC. To the best of the authors knowledge, it has rarely been examined earlier.
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Li, Lan, Xingshan Zheng, Siwei Sun, and Ismael Diaz. "Does subordinate moqi affect leadership empowerment?" Leadership & Organization Development Journal 41, no. 8 (August 25, 2020): 1015–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lodj-08-2019-0351.

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PurposeThe present study aims to ascertain the relationships between subordinate moqi and leader behaviors, by primarily discussing how and when subordinate moqi is associated with leadership empowerment.Design/methodology/approachA self-report study was conducted by recruiting 334 employees from 13 firms. All concepts were rated on a seven-point Likert-type response scale. Linear regression analysis (conducted in MPLUS 7) was conducted to verify the hypotheses.FindingsFirst, subordinate moqi showed positive association with empowerment. Second, trust-in-supervisor mediated the relationships between subordinate moqi and empowerment. Third, subordinates' power distance orientation (PDO) could moderate the subordinate moqi – leader empowerment relationship. When subordinates reported higher PDO, the relationships between subordinate moqi and empowerment were more robust; likewise, subordinate moqi would have more significantly indirectly impacted empowerment via trust-in-supervisor.Originality/valueThough researchers have discussed the impacts of subordinate moqi on subordinates' outcomes, the impact of subordinate moqi on supervisors' attitudes or behaviors remains unclear. The relationships between subordinate moqi and supervisor empowerment behaviors are empirically ascertained by emphasizing the leader-subordinate dyadic process. The findings here suggested that subordinate moqi boosted subordinates' trust-in-supervisor, and moqi would also predict the behaviors of leader empowerment. This study extended the PDO literature by identifying the moderating role of PDO in the subordinate moqi – leader empowerment behavior relationship.
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Ahmad, Bashir, Hussain Tariq, Qingxiong (Derek) Weng, Samson Samwel Shillamkwese, and Nadeem Sohail. "When a proximate starts to gossip." Employee Relations: The International Journal 41, no. 5 (August 2, 2019): 851–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/er-08-2018-0225.

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Purpose Based on revenge theory and the three objectives of social interaction theory of aggression, the purpose of this paper is to develop a framework to answer why and when a subordinate’s own behaviour instigates abuse at the workplace. In particular, the authors argue that subordinate gossip behaviour instils in supervisors a thought of revenge towards that subordinate, which, in turn, leads to abusive supervision. Specifically, this hypothesised relationship is augmented when the supervisor feels close to the gossiper (i.e. psychological proximity). Design/methodology/approach The authors conducted two independent studies to test the moderated mediation model, which collectively investigate why and when subordinate gossip behaviour provokes abusive supervision in the workplace. A lagged study (i.e. Study 1: 422 supervisors and subordinates) in a large retail company and an experience sampling study (i.e. Study 2: 96 supervisors and subordinates with 480 daily surveys) in multiple organisations provide support for the moderated mediation model. Findings The two-study (i.e. a lagged study and an experience sampling study) findings support the integrated model, which has mainly focussed on instrumental consideration of abusive supervision that influences the supervisor–subordinate relationship. Originality/value The two-study investigation has important and meaningful implications for abusive supervision research because it determines that subordinate gossip behaviour is more threating to a supervisor when the subordinate and the supervisor are psychological close to each other than when they are not. That is because when they are close, the supervisor is not expecting gossip behaviour from the subordinate, thus giving rise to an abusive workplace.
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Qin, Xin, Mingpeng Huang, Qiongjing Hu, Marshall Schminke, and Dong Ju. "Ethical leadership, but toward whom? How moral identity congruence shapes the ethical treatment of employees." Human Relations 71, no. 8 (November 9, 2017): 1120–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018726717734905.

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Ethical leadership exerts a powerful influence on employees, and most studies share a basic premise that leaders display the same level of ethical leadership to all subordinates. However, we challenge this assumption and suggest that subordinates’ characteristics and supervisors’ characteristics may jointly influence supervisor ethical leadership behavior. Drawing upon research on person–supervisor fit and moral identity, we explore the questions of whether and how supervisor–subordinate (in)congruence in moral identity affects the emergence of supervisor ethical leadership behavior. Using multi-level and multi-source data, the results of cross-level polynomial regressions revealed that the less aligned a supervisor’s moral identity was with a subordinate’s, the more negative sentiments the supervisor held toward the subordinate, which, in turn, influenced the supervisor’s ethical leadership behavior. We also argue that not all types of congruence are alike. Our results confirmed that supervisor negative sentiments toward subordinates were higher in low–low congruence dyads than in high–high congruence dyads. Results also confirmed that by reducing supervisor negative sentiments toward subordinates, supervisor–subordinate congruence in moral identity had an indirect positive effect on supervisor ethical leadership behavior. Overall, this research highlights the importance of taking both subordinates’ and supervisors’ traits into consideration in understanding the emergence of ethical leadership.
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Sukarto, Kasno Atmo. "KONJUNGSI BAHASA INDONESIA: SUATU TINJAUAN." Pujangga 3, no. 1 (December 6, 2017): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.47313/pujangga.v3i1.331.

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<p>ABSTRAK</p><p>Penelitian berjudul Konjungsi Bahasa Indonesia: Suatu Tinjauan ini bertujuan untuk <br />mendeskripsikan ikhwal konjungsi bahasa Indonesia, baik konjungsi koordinatif maupun konjungsi subordinatif. Teori yang diterapkan dalam penelitian ini adalah mengacu pada Tata Bahasa Baku Bahasa Indonesia, Edisi ketiga, Cetakan kelima tahun 2003. Metode penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif yaitu mendeskripsikan ikhwal konjungsi koordinatif dan subordinatif. Analisis data berfokus pada sampel konjungsi koordinatif dan konjungsi subordinatif. Hasilnya telah menunjukkan bahwa dalam Politika dan Ranah terdapat pemakaian konjungsi koordinatif dan, atau, dan tetapi. Konjungsi subordinatif meliputi konjungsi sejak, jika, untuk, agar, walaupun, sebab, karena , maka, dan sehingga. </p><p>Kata Kunci: konjungsi, koordinatif, subordinatif </p><p>ABSTRACT <br />The study entited conjunction in Indonesia: An overview , aims to descrive the conjunction of Indonesia, both coordinate and subordinate. The applied theory refers to Tata Bahasa Baku Bahasa Indonesia, 3 rd edition of 2003. The method used is qualitative descriptive method which explains both coordinate and subordinate conjunction. Data analysis focuces on samples of coordinate and samples of coordinate and subordinate conjunctions. The result show that in Politika and Ranah there is the use of coordinated conjunction and, on, but, subordinated conjunctions include, since, if, for, order, though, cause, because, and until. </p><p>Key Words; conjunction, coordinate, subordinate </p>
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Subordinate"

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Minnen, Molly E. "The Association of Subordinate Perceptions of Supervisor Recovery with Subordinate Recovery Outcomes." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/96430.

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Recent literature surrounding the process of recovery from work and work-related demands has included the supervisor as a key variable influencing how and if employees recover from work. Recovery represents the return of personal resources to their pre-work levels and is typically conceptualized as taking place during non-work time (e.g., at night after work, weekends, holidays). It is theorized to take place through four main recovery experiences: psychological detachment from work, relaxation, mastery experiences, and control over leisure time. This study extends the literature surrounding recovery experiences to include subordinate perceptions of supervisor recovery as a potential predictor of subordinate recovery and well-being. Participants (N=252) completed three time-lagged surveys and reported their perceptions of their supervisor’s recovery (Time 1), their own recovery (Time 2), and their feelings of vigor and fatigue (Time 3). Perceived supervisor recovery was empirically distinguishable from supervisor support for recovery and provided incremental validity in predicting subordinate recovery beyond this support perception. These results bolster the conclusion that supervisor recovery can spillover to directly influence subordinate recovery.
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Recent research has focused on how the supervisor may influence how and if subordinates are able to rest and recover from the demands they face at work. The process of recovery from work is usually thought to take place during time away from work (e.g., at night after work, weekends, holidays) and is thought to occur through four experiences: psychological detachment from work (cutting mental and physical ties with work), relaxation (positive mood and low effort), mastery experiences (building skills or hobbies), and control over leisure time (being able to decide how to spend one’s time). This thesis extends previous work to include subordinate perceptions of how his / her supervisor is recovering from work as a potential predictor of subordinate recovery and recovery related outcomes. Participants (N=252) completed three surveys over the course of four weeks and reported their perceptions of their supervisor’s recovery (Survey 1), their own recovery (Survey 2), and their feelings of vigor and fatigue (Survey 4). Subordinate perceptions of the mastery and control of their supervisor was related to subordinate mastery and control above and beyond existing measures of how the supervisor may influence subordinate recovery. These results suggest that the supervisor may be an important role model in how subordinates recover.
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Mameesh, Rania Hussein. "Symbiotic Subordinate Threading (SST)." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/6732.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2007.
Thesis research directed by: Electrical Engineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Ashkanasy, Neal M. "Supervisors' responses to subordinate performance /." Online version, 1989. http://bibpurl.oclc.org/web/32903.

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Walker, Steven E. "Leadership attributions of subordinate absenteeism." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/94494.

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The present research examined whether the attributions a supervisor makes in response to subordinate absenteeism are influenced by a subordinate's prior absence history, the nature of the subordinate's excuse, and the outcomes of the absence episode. In addition, this study investigated the effects these absence variables have on supervisors' selection of both appropriate absence labels (excused vs. unexcused), and the type of disciplinary action taken. 160 psychology students and 85 MBA candidates from a large Southeastern university were given a scenario describing a hypothetical absence episode, and completed a questionnaire pertaining to the dependent measures above. Results of multivariate analyses of variance conducted on measures of attributions, absence labels, and disciplinary actions supported the hypotheses that (a) prior absence histories based on a high frequency of absences and subordinate excuses for absences due to visiting friends will result in more internal attributions, unexcused absence labels, and more severe forms of disciplinary action taken by the supervisor; while (b) prior absence histories based on a low frequency of absences and subordinate excuses due to a child's accident will result in external attributions, excused absence labels, and less severe forms of disciplinary action. The consequences of absenteeism did not have an effect on subjects' attributions, and only marginally influenced subjects' absence labels and sanction decisions. Results of regression analyses also supported the hypotheses that the type of attribution a supervisor makes will directly influence the chosen absence label, and the absence label will, in turn, influence the type of disciplinary action taken. Implications of the study's findings for future absence research are discussed.
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Olsson, Bruno. "Subordinate clauses in Kashaya Pomo." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-64493.

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The present study analyzes subordinate clauses in Kashaya (Pomoan; Northern California). Subordinateclauses have not received any substantial attention in the literature on Kashaya, and the aim of the study istherefore to provide a general description of the morphosyntactic characteristics of some of the mostimportant subordinate clause types. Data was mainly taken from two sources: a collection of transcribedtexts (Oswalt 1964) and the manuscript of an unfinished dictionary (Oswalt, no date), from whichsentences that appeared to consist of combinations of two or more clauses were extracted. In order todetermine whether the constructions found in these sentences involved subordination, they wereexamined in accordance with the parameters proposed in Lehmann (1988). These parameters includerestrictions on word order, reduction of the grammatical categories expressed on the subordinate verb andthe presence of nominal morphology (e.g. case marking) on the subordinate verb. This investigationresulted in the identification of a number of subordinate clause types, of which seven are presented in thestudy: three complement clause constructions, one relative clause construction and three adverbialconstructions. Subordinate clauses are characterized by strictly verb-final word order and partialmorphological reduction. The study also provides a more thorough analysis of relativization strategiesand of the clausal nominalizations involved in several of the constructions that are examined.
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Koller, Kimberly Anne. "Effects of supervisor-subordinate exchange relationship quality on subordinate self-efficacy mediated by performance feedback." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2001. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2001.

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The quality of the relationship between supervisors and subordinates strongly influences a variety of important work-related attitudes and behaviors, which consequently impact organizational effectiveness.
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Noland, Timothy L. "Affinity-seeking and superior-subordinate communication /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9901266.

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Wood, Victoria Jane. "Subordinate kinship : families living with incarceration." Thesis, Durham University, 2008. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1929/.

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This thesis explores the relationships and kinship practices of women, in the North of England who have a husband or partner in prison. In particular it focuses on how kinship in the context of incarceration is subordinate. The study is addressed from the perspective of the mothers of prisoners' children who are the wives and partners of prisoners. The study derives from qualitative ethnographic research which was undertaken between May 2004 and September 2005. During this time participant observations at the Visitors' Centres of a category B male local prison and a High Security Estate prison were conducted as a means of gaining valuable insights into the way in which the rules and regulations of the prison establishment govern the different forms of contact between prisoners and their families. This was supported by unstructured in-depth interviews with eleven women who were the wives or partners of male prisoners with the aim of collecting more detailed biographical case study data, focusing on their experiences. The issues which this thesis addresses and which derived from the research data collected were questions concerning what is the relationship between the family and the prison; how the tensions between exacting justice and the families welfare impact on health and well-being of mothers and their perception of the impact on their children, the effect of incarceration on kinship practices, and the extent to which incarceration influences the lives of these women beyond the institutional setting, with emphasis placed on their relationships and social networks. The theoretical focus of the study is orientated towards a contextualisation of the family and the use of imprisonment in both a contemporary and historical context, drawing, in particular, on the work of Foucault and his ideas concerning discipline and surveillance. The themes used revolve around, experiences of separation, notions of exchange and gift giving, ideas of the Visitors' Centre as a liminal space, secondary prisonization, and stigma. The conclusions drawn bring these ideas together to show how 'a subordinate kinship' is manifest in this context.
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Laubitz, Zofia. "Coordinate and subordinate conjunctions in children's texts." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=75958.

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This thesis examines the use of conjunctions in texts, and in particular their function as a marker of text type. Children's acquisition of this aspect of conjunction usage is the main focus. An examination of the characteristics of various text types and the nature of coordinate and subordinate conjunctions in English serves as a framework within which the experimental evidence from adults and children (aged three to five) is considered. Three types of texts--conversation, narratives, and game explanations--were collected. It was found that both the types of conjunctions used and the frequency of conjunctions as a class vary according to text type; conjunctions are much more frequent in narratives and explanations than in conversation. It is shown here that pragmatic or cognitive factors cannot account for these findings; they can only be explained as a function of text type. The data from the children provide evidence that their conjunction usage is also constrained by text type, although their patterns of use are not exactly the same as the adults'. The results indicate that by age five children have a definite conception of text as a linguistic entity.
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Callaghan, Caroline Anne. "Verbal leader behaviour in manager-subordinate interactions." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357550.

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Books on the topic "Subordinate"

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Scotland. Parliament. Justice 1 Committee. Subordinate Legislation. Edinburgh: The Stationery Office, 2001.

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Scotland. Parliament. Subordinate Legislation Committee. Subordinate Legislation: Report. Edinburgh: Stationery Office, 2000.

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Scotland. Parliament. Finance Committee. Subordinate Legislation: Report. Edinburgh: Stationery Office, 1999.

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Subordinate Legislation: Report. Edinburgh: Stationery Office, 2000.

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Scotland. Parliament. Subordinate Legislation Committee. Subordinate Legislation: Report. Edinburgh: Stationery Office, 1999.

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Scotland. Parliament. Subordinate Legislation Committee. Subordinate Legislation: Report. Edinburgh: Stationery Office, 2000.

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Scotland. Parliament. Subordinate Legislation Committee. 6th report, Subordinate Legislation. Edinburgh: Stationery Office, 1999.

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Transparency International India. Central & Eastern UP Chapter. Citizens charter: Subordinate judiciary. Lucknow: Transparency International India, Central & Eastern UP Chapter, 2009.

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Scotland. Parliament. Subordinate Legislation Committee. 8th report, Subordinate Legislation. Edinburgh: Stationery Office, 1999.

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Committee, Scotland Parliament Subordinate Legislation. 5th report, Subordinate Legislation. Edinburgh: Stationery Office, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Subordinate"

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Beznea, Lucian, and Nicu Boboc. "Subordinate Resolvents." In Potential Theory and Right Processes, 177–202. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2497-9_6.

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Vilkuna, Maria. "More subordinate?" In Contexts of Subordination, 173–202. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pbns.249.07vil.

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Weik, Martin H. "subordinate node." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 1682. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_18477.

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Weik, Martin H. "subordinate station." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 1682. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_18478.

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Berry, Roger. "Subordinate Clauses." In English Grammar, 58–63. Second edition. | New York, NY: Routledge, [2018] | Series:: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351164962-10.

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Stewart, Rosemary. "Superior-Subordinate Relationships." In The Reality of Organizations, 59–70. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23047-1_5.

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Stewart, Rosemary. "Superior-subordinate relationships." In The Reality of Organizations, 79–92. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-08091-5_5.

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Li, Zhenzhen. "Supervisor-Subordinate Guanxi." In Encyclopedia of Business and Professional Ethics, 1–5. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23514-1_188-1.

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McNiece, Gerald. "Nature, the Subordinate Logos." In The Knowledge that Endures, 83–96. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21823-3_7.

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Harweg, Roland. "Subordinate and embedded coreference." In Text and Discourse Connectedness, 65. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/slcs.16.09har.

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Conference papers on the topic "Subordinate"

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Konstantinova, Valentina Valentinovna. "Manager and subordinate." In International extramural online conference. TSNS Interaktiv Plus, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21661/r-80753.

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Lelandais, Manon, and Gaëlle Ferré. "Prosodic boundaries in subordinate syntactic constructions." In Speech Prosody 2016. ISCA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/speechprosody.2016-38.

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Liu, Jun, and Wei Wang. "Employee Behaviors, Supervisor-Subordinate Guanxi, and Workplace Exclusion." In 2011 International Conference on Management and Service Science (MASS 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmss.2011.5998064.

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Zhan, Huijing, Boxin Shi, and Alex C. Kot. "Fashion analysis with a subordinate attribute classification network." In 2017 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icme.2017.8019354.

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He, Yilin, Wengang Zhou, and Houqiang Li. "Major-Subordinate-Task Learning for Image Orientation Estimation." In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icme.2018.8486580.

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Sterling, John, Aldo A. Glean, John A. Judge, Joseph F. Vignola, Nicole B. Bull, and Teresa Ryan. "Micro vibrometry measurements of a subordinate oscillator array." In 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON VIBRATION MEASUREMENTS BY LASER AND NONCONTACT TECHNIQUES - AIVELA 2014: Advances and Applications. AIP Publishing LLC, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4879589.

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Bhatia, Ashutosh, and Shubhranshu Singh. "A Distributed Prefix Allocation Scheme for Subordinate MANET." In 2008 IEEE Asia-Pacific Services Computing Conference (APSCC). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apscc.2008.261.

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Yeh, Alexander S., and Marc B. Vilain. "Some properties of preposition and subordinate conjunction attachments." In the 36th annual meeting. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/980691.980803.

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Yeh, Alexander S., and Marc B. Vilain. "Some properties of preposition and subordinate conjunction attachments." In the 17th international conference. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/980432.980803.

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Kravchuk, A. I. "MODE OF THE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS subordinate power structures." In Всероссийская научно-практическая конференция "ОПТИМИЗАЦИЯ УЧЕБНО-ВОСПИТАТЕЛЬНОГО И ТРЕНИРОВОЧНОГО ПРОЦЕССА В УЧЕБНЫХ ЗАВЕДЕНИЯХ ВЫСШЕГО ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ. ЗДОРОВЫЙ ОБРАЗ ЖИЗНИ КАК ФАКТОР ПРОФИЛАКТИКИ НАРКОМАНИИ". Сибирский юридический институт Министерства внутренних дел Российской Федерации, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.51980/2016_143_251.

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Reports on the topic "Subordinate"

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Albanese, Richard A. Can 'High Tech' Subordinate Numerical Superiority? Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada171698.

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Sager, Lora. Perceptual correspondence in the superior-subordinate work dyad. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.5584.

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Zeilenga, K. Named Subordinate References in Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) Directories. RFC Editor, July 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc3296.

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Johnson, Melissa. Subordinate saints : women and the founding of Third Church, Boston, 1669-1674. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.5546.

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Crist, Elizabeth. Towards a measure of superior-subordinate perceptual correspondence and its relationship to the performance appraisal. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.3180.

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Shapovalov, S. M., ed. Marine expedition research on R/V of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation in 2019. Shirshov Institute Publishing House, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29006/0149-2019-0016.

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Abstract:
The volume contains brief information on sea expeditions carried out in 2019 on research vessels operated by organizations subordinate to the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation. Information selected from preliminary reports from expedition leaders. The goals and objectives of the expeditions are included, the areas of work and the location of the sections and stations are shown, the scientific equipment used in the expeditions is listed, and the main results of the expeditions are given.
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Burlacu, Gabriela. Supervisor-Subordinate Directional Age Differences and Employee Reactions to Formal Performance Feedback: Examining Mediating and Moderating Mechanisms in a Chinese Sample. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.662.

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Alt, Jonathan, Willie Brown, George Gallarno, John Richards, and Titus Rice. Risk-based prioritization of operational condition assessments : Jennings Randolph case study. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43862.

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The US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) operates, maintains, and manages over $232 billion worth of the Nation’s water resource infrastructure. Using Operational Condition Assessments (OCA), the USACE allocates limited resources to assess asset condition in efforts to minimize risks associated with asset performance degradation, but decision makers require a greater understanding of those risks. The analysis of risk associated with Flood Risk Management assets in the context of its associated watershed system includes understanding the consequences of the asset’s failure and a determination of the likelihood that the asset will perform as expected given the current OCA ratings of critical components. This research demonstrates an application of a scalable methodology to model the probability of a dam performing as expected given the state of its subordinate gates and their components. The research team combines this likelihood with consequences generated by the application of designed simulation experiments with hydrological models to develop a measure of risk. The resulting risk scores serve as an input for an optimization program that outputs the optimal set of components to conduct OCAs on to minimize risk in the watershed. Proof-of-concept results for an initial case study on the Jennings Randolph Dam are provided.
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Mabry, Sr, and Joseph M. Professional Development of Subordinates: Our Priority Task. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada165876.

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Yoshinari, Misako, Hidekazu Nishimura, and Tetsuya Toma. Model-based fault analysis of communication between supervisors and their subordinates in the Japanese workplace. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317286.

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