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KupaeV, Vitalii i., eKaterin Yu Marutina, and Oleg Yu BOrisOV. "sensitivity estimates suboptimal HealtH status using a QuestionnaiRe sHsQ-25." Bulletin of Contemporary Clinical Medicine 7, no. 2 (2014): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.20969/vskm.2014.7(2).18-21.
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Alzain, Mohamed Ali, Collins Otieno Asweto, Sehar-un-Nisa Hassan, Mohammed Elshiekh Saeed, Ahmed Kassar, and Bandar Alsaif. "Psychometric Properties of Suboptimal Health Status Instruments: A Systematic Review." Journal of Personalized Medicine 13, no. 2 (February 8, 2023): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm13020299.
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Background: Suboptimal health status (SHS) measurement has now been recognized as an essential construct in predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine. Currently, there are limited tools, and an ongoing debate about appropriate tools. Therefore, it is crucial to evaluate and generate conclusive evidence about the psychometric properties of available SHS tools. Objective: This research aimed to identify and critically assess the psychometric properties of available SHS instruments and provide recommendations for their future use. Methods: Articles were retrieved by following the guidelines of the PRISMA checklist, and the robustness of methods and evidence about the measurement properties was assessed using the adapted COSMIN checklist. The review was registered in PROSPERO. Results: The systematic review identified 14 publications describing four subjective SHS measures with established psychometric properties; these included the Suboptimal Health Status Questionnaire-25 (SHSQ-25), Sub-health Measurement Scale Version 1.0 (SHMS V1.0), Multidimensional Sub-health Questionnaire of Adolescents (MSQA), and the Sub-Health Self-Rating Scale (SSS). Most studies were conducted in China and reported three reliability indices: (1) the internal consistency measured by Cronbach’s α value ranged between 0.70 and 0.96; (2) the test–retest reliability; and (3) the split-half reliability coefficient values ranged between 0.64 and 0.98, and between 0.83 and 0.96, respectively. For the values of validity coefficients in the case of SHSQ-25 > 0.71, the SHMS-1.0 ranged from 0.64 to 0.87, and the SSS ranged from 0.74 to 0.96. Using these existing and well-characterized tools rather than constructing original tools is beneficial, given that the existing choice demonstrated sound psychometric properties and established norms. Conclusions: The SHSQ-25 stood out as being more suitable for the general population and routine health surveys, because it is short and easy to complete. Therefore, there is a need to adapt this tool by translating it into other languages, including Arabic, and establishing norms based on populations from other regions of the world.
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Кrylova, I. A., A. L. Slobodjanjuk, V. I. Kupaev, and M. S. Nurdinа. "THE EFFECT OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ON SUBOPTIMAL HEALTH STATUSE." Russian Archives of Internal Medicine 8, no. 4 (August 12, 2018): 304–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.20514/2226-6704-2018-8-4-304-312.
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The patient, who has risk factors but considers himself / herself to be healthy, does not consult a doctor, but is in a suboptimal status. The study of the patient’s health at different levels of physical activity is an important issue of preventive medicine.Material and methods. 351 people (133 men and 218 women) aged 18 to 75 years after obtaining voluntary informed consent to the study were examined. Patients were divided into 8 groups according to the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ). In addition to the classic clinical and laboratory examination, patients were interviewed using questionnaires: suboptimal health status (SHSQ-25), hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS), stress susceptibility questionnaire (PSS). Statistical processing was carried out by programs Microsoft Excel 2010 and Statistica 10,0.Research result. When studying the values of discovering the fact of the differences in some indicators: increase of arterial pressure in 3 and 4 group physical activity, age of women, increasing of body mass in the 2, 3, 5 and 8 groups physical activity that proves the relationship of the presence of risk factors and physical activity level of the patient. Significant differences between the actual values of the mean age and the alarm level in groups with high and low suboptimal status were revealed. Significant differences in suboptimal status were revealed, which reflected the presence of risk factors for chronic noncommunicable diseases in groups with different physical activity (age of women over 45 years old, overweight, monthly use of alcohol, the presence of hypercholesterinemia and high level of depression). Significant differences in groups with high and low indicators of suboptimal status in the presence of risk factors for chronic noncommunicable diseases are revealed: age over 45 years, increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure, high levels of anxiety. Significantly differed in the indicators of suboptimal status of the group of physical activity: 2, 3, 6 and 7.Conclusion. In groups of patients who consider themselves healthy and do not see a doctor for 3 months or more, the risk factors of chronic non-communicable diseases, more common in groups of patients who are not engaged in physical activity, were identified. Differences in indicators of suboptimal health status in the presence of risk factors of chronic noncommunicable diseases are revealed. The SHSQ-25 questionnaire objectively reflected the main screening indicators of chronic disease risk factors, it is simple to use in primary health care, it is an economical and effective tool for screening subclinical, reversible stages of chronic diseases.
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Marutina, E. Yu, V. I. Kupaev, P. A. Lebedev, and O. Yu Borisov. "Correlation between vascular endothelial function parameters with indicators of suboptimal health status and the factors of cardiovascular risk." CardioSomatics 7, no. 3-4 (December 15, 2016): 86–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.26442/cs45246.
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The problem of prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases continues to be relevant. It is a promising non-invasive integration of new screening methods to assess the patient's health system. The goal was to establish the relationship of vascular endothelial function parameters with indicators of suboptimal health status and the factors of cardiovascular risk. Materials and methods. A total of 327 residents of Samara, who had no history of disease and did not receive treatment in the last 3 months. We used a questionnaire diagnostic screening suboptimal health status SHSQ-25, the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases, endothelin-1, human blood index of endothelial function was determined by computer photopletismography. Results and discussion. Suboptimal health status is associated with the prevalence and severity of cardiovascular risk factors, smoking, overweight, total cholesterol, glucose, blood endothelin, vascular endothelium reactivity, indicating that their dominant influence on the quality of life in a population of healthy individuals. Vascular reactivity non-invasively evaluated in terms of endothelial function in the sample with ischaemia of the upper limb by computer photopletismography reflects systemic vascular endothelial function as a negative associated with endothelin blood and the main factors of cardiovascular risk: age, male gender, body mass index, the nature of work activity, blood pressure value.
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Chua, Ee Yin, Zalilah Mohd Shariff, Norhasmah Sulaiman, Geeta Appannah, and Heng Yaw Yong. "Associations of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D with Adiposity and At-Risk Lipid Profile Differ for Indigenous (Orang Asli) Male and Female Adults of Peninsular Malaysia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 8 (April 21, 2020): 2855. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082855.
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Background: Low vitamin D status, adiposity, and at-risk lipid profile are associated with adverse health consequences. This study aimed to assess serum 25(OH)D concentration of Indigenous (Orang Asli) adults and to determine the associations between serum 25(OH)D with adiposity and lipid profile, respectively. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 555 (164 men, 391 women) Orang Asli adults aged 18–65 years of Jah Hut sub-tribe in Krau Wildlife Reserve (KWR), Peninsular Malaysia. Demographic and socio-economic information were obtained using interviewer-administered questionnaire. Participants were also assessed for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration, adiposity indices (BMI, WC, WHtR, WHR, %BF) and lipid parameters (TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, TG). Data were analyzed using binary logistic regression via SPSS. Results: The prevalence of suboptimal 25(OH)D concentration was 26.3%, comprising 24.9% insufficiency (50 to <75 nmol/L) and 1.4% deficiency (<50 nmol/L). While men (14–30.5%) were associated with a more proatherogenic lipid profile than women (6.1–14.3%), more women were with central obesity (M: 19.5–46.3%; F: 34.5–49.1%) and suboptimal (<75 nmol/L) vitamin D status (M: 11.6%; F: 32.4%). While suboptimal 25(OH)D concentration was significantly associated with higher odds of at-risk LDL-C (p < 0.01) and obesity (WC, WHtR) (p < 0.05) in men, no significant association was observed for women. Nonetheless, it should be noted that there were only 19 men with suboptimal (<75 nmol/L) vitamin D status. Conclusions: While suboptimal vitamin D status was relatively low in Orang Asli adults, the prevalence of obesity and undesirable serum lipids were relatively high. The sex-specific associations between vitamin D status with adiposity indices and serum lipids warrant further investigation.
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Liang, Ying-Zhi, Xi Chu, Shi-Jiao Meng, Jie Zhang, Li-Juan Wu, and Yu-Xiang Yan. "Relationship between stress-related psychosocial work factors and suboptimal health among Chinese medical staff: a cross-sectional study." BMJ Open 8, no. 3 (March 2018): e018485. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018485.
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ObjectivesThe study aimed to develop and validate a model to measure psychosocial factors at work among medical staff in China based on confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The second aim of the current study was to clarify the association between stress-related psychosocial work factors and suboptimal health status.DesignThe cross-sectional study was conducted using clustered sampling method.SettingXuanwu Hospital, a 3A grade hospital in Beijing.ParticipantsNine hundred and fourteen medical staff aged over 40 years were sampled. Seven hundred and ninety-seven valid questionnaires were collected and used for further analyses. The sample included 94% of the Han population.Main outcome measuresThe Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ) and the Suboptimal Health Status Questionnaires-25 were used to assess the psychosocial factors at work and suboptimal health status, respectively. CFA was conducted to establish the evaluating method of COPSOQ. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to estimate the relationship between suboptimal health status and stress-related psychosocial work factors among Chinese medical staff.ResultsThere was a strong correlation among the five dimensions of COPSOQ based on the first-order factor model. Then, we established two second-order factors including negative and positive psychosocial work stress factors to evaluate psychosocial factors at work, and the second-order factor model fit well. The high score in negative (OR (95% CI)=1.47 (1.34 to 1.62), P<0.001) and positive (OR (95% CI)=0.96 (0.94 to 0.98), P<0.001) psychosocial work factors increased and decreased the risk of suboptimal health, respectively. This relationship remained statistically significant after adjusting for confounders and when using different cut-offs of suboptimal health status.ConclusionsAmong medical staff, the second-order factor model was a suitable method to evaluate the COPSOQ. The negative and positive psychosocial work stress factors might be the risk and protective factors of suboptimal health, respectively. Moreover, negative psychosocial work stress was the most associated factor to predict suboptimal health.
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Jairoun, Ammar Abdulrahman, Sabaa Saleh Al-Hemyari, Faris El-Dahiyat, Mohamed Azmi Hassali, Moyad Shahwan, Mina Rabea Al Ani, and Hussein Ali Jabbar. "Suboptimal Health, Dietary Supplementation, and Public Health Approaches to Regulatory Challenges in Dubai." Journal of Primary Care & Community Health 11 (January 2020): 215013272091130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2150132720911303.
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Objectives: Presently, limited data are available on dietary supplements (DSs) and their associated effects on health status although the consumption of DS continues to expand. This study is aimed to explore the possible relationship between DSs consumption and suboptimal health status (SHS) in Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE). Methods: This study was a cross-sectional research held among a sample of citizens and residents in the Emirate of Dubai in the UAE using a well-structured, self-administered, anonymous survey. Frequency tables, odds ratios, and confidence intervals were generated during the data analysis using SPSS version 23. Results: A total of 618 participants were enrolled in this study and fully completed the questionnaire. In this study, 317 participants (51.3%) (95% CI: 47.3%-55.3%) reported the use of DS products. A significant association between DS consumption and suboptimal health status was detected ( P < .001). DS consumers had a 1.5-fold increased odds of suboptimal health status when compared with non-DS consumers (95% CI 1.4-1.7). Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest a need to develop policies and programs that will help minimize the risk of possible adverse events that are associated with the utilization of DSs.
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Krylova, I. A., V. I. Kupaev, and A. V. Ljamin. "Microbiological Characteristics of Intestinal Biocenosis of Ambulator Patients Having Behavioral Risk Factors for Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases." Russian Archives of Internal Medicine 11, no. 3 (May 31, 2021): 217–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.20514/2226-6704-2021-11-3-217-224.
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The earliest correction of behavioral risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases will reduce the rates of premature mortality of the population. Currently, the relationship between the altered spectrum of intestinal microflora in various indicators of suboptimal health status and body mass index is not sufficiently studied. When they are in a state of suboptimal health status, patients consider themselves healthy and do not go to the doctor for a long time, which makes it difficult to implement early preventive measures in this group of patients. Goal. To determine the qualitative and quantitative composition of the intestinal microflora before and 1 month after taking a metaprebiotic complex containing dietary fiber (inulin) and oligosaccharides (oligofructose) in outpatient patients who consider themselves healthy, have behavioral risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases or chronic non-communicable diseases in remission, and/or do not consult a doctor within the last 3 months. Materials and methods. Outpatient patients were examined (114 people: 36 men, 78 women aged 18 to 72 years). A survey was conducted, including a detailed active collection of complaints (including using the international SHSQ-25 questionnaire) and anamnesis, as well as a thorough physical examination with an anthropometric study. Using the MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry method, the degree of microbiotic disorders, the structure of the intestinal microflora were determined with the identification of microorganisms isolated from feces before and after taking the course of the metaprebiotic complex with various indicators of suboptimal status and body mass index. Results. New data were obtained on the intestinal biocenosis of patients who consider themselves healthy at different levels of suboptimal status. When using a metaprebiotic complex containing inulin and oligofructose, an improvement in the composition of the intestinal microflora was found due to a decrease in the frequency of release of conditionally pathogenic enterobacteria and other gram-negative microorganisms (median degree of contamination: from 0.45 (0.3-0.98) to 0.3(0.21-0.7) at low suboptimal status and from 0.5(0.7-1.7) to 0.31 (0.2-1.3) at high) and increase the frequency of enterococcal excretion (median degree of contamination: from 5,58 (4,16-7,0) tо 6,3 (4,8-7,8) at low suboptimal status and from от 4,5 (2,8-6,3) tо 5,1 (3,8-6,4) at high). Conclusion. The importance of studying the microbiotic complex of the intestine in increasing the indicators of suboptimal health status and body mass index in patients who consider themselves healthy is proved, which will allow for the earliest detection and rational individual prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases.
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Yan, Yu-Xiang, You-Qin Liu, Man Li, Pei-Feng Hu, Ai-Min Guo, Xing-Hua Yang, Jing-Jun Qiu, et al. "Development and Evaluation of a Questionnaire for Measuring Suboptimal Health Status in Urban Chinese." Journal of Epidemiology 19, no. 6 (2009): 333–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2188/jea.je20080086.
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Kaufman, Harvey W., and Zhen Chen. "Vitamin D Status and Supplementation in Employer-Sponsored Wellness Program." American Journal of Health Promotion 32, no. 6 (May 30, 2017): 1383–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890117117710353.
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Purpose: To assess the response to information about vitamin D status by participants enrolled in employer-sponsored wellness programs. Design: A self-reported health risk assessment questionnaire was used to categorize vitamin D supplementation. Participants: A total of 50 209 participants of 12 employer-sponsored wellness programs that included vitamin D testing and services provided by Quest Diagnostics in 2014 and 2015. Measures: Vitamin D status based on laboratory testing results and responses to vitamin D supplementation in a health risk assessment questionnaire for initial and subsequent years. Results: Among 50 209 participants, 29% had deficient and 37% had suboptimal levels of vitamin D. Many participants appeared to act counter to their informed vitamin D status by starting supplements when vitamin D level was initially optimal (20%) or discontinuing supplements when vitamin D level was initially deficient (36%). Three-quarters of participants who had deficient or suboptimal vitamin D levels and were not taking supplements in 2014 continued not taking supplements in 2015. Conclusion: Deficient and suboptimal vitamin D levels remain prevalent in a working-age population. Many participants do not seem to be taking appropriate actions after receiving vitamin D testing results. Accordingly, employer-sponsored wellness programs have an opportunity to better educate participants.
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Ahmad, Fareed, Mehwish Munawar, Muhammad Anwaar Alam, Muhammad Shairaz Sadiq, Ali Anwaar, and Junaid Dayar. "Assessment of Suboptimal Health Status among Young Adults and Its Association with Their Demographic Factors." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 9 (September 30, 2021): 2460–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs211592460.
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Objective: To assess the suboptimal health status among young adults and its association with their demographic factors visiting institute of dentistry CMH, Lahore Design of the Study: It was a cross-sectional study. Study Settings: This study was carried out at Outpatient Department of Dentistry Combined Military Hospital, Lahore from August 2020 to January 2021. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with sample of 384 young adults visiting institute of dentistry CMH, Lahore. Suboptimal health status was using the “Suboptimal Health Mesurement Scale” ver-1.0. Information of demographics and information related to affecting to lifestyle behaviors were evaluated with a questionnaire. The associations between demographic information, lifestyle behaviors were checked by applying a Pearson coefficient Chi-square test. Results of the Study: A total of 384 participants were included in this study. The mean age of the participants was a 27.79±5.23 year with 53.2 % being women. Age group 19-28 years had high sub-optimal health 51.7% (199), while participants falling in age category 29-39 years had low sub-optimal health 48.3% (186). There was a strong association between the two independent variables. Pearson chi square (1) = 4.152, p value 0.0. Conclusion: It was found that suboptimal health status was significantly associated with demographics of young adults, environmental factors and life style behaviors in both males and females. Keywords: Suboptimal health status, demographic factors, demographic factors scale, young adults
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Bjarnadottir, Adda, Asa Gudrun Kristjansdottir, Hannes Hrafnkelsson, Erlingur Johannsson, Kristjan Thor Magnusson, and Inga Thorsdottir. "Insufficient autumn vitamin D intake and low vitamin D status in 7-year-old Icelandic children." Public Health Nutrition 18, no. 2 (January 22, 2014): 208–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980013003558.
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AbstractObjectiveThe aim was to investigate autumn vitamin D intake and status in 7-year-old Icelanders, fitting BMI and cardiorespiratory fitness as predictors.DesignThree-day food records and fasting blood samples were collected evenly from September to November, and cardiorespiratory fitness was measured with an ergometer bike. Food and nutrient intakes were calculated, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (s-25(OH)D) and serum parathyroid hormone were analysed. Suboptimal vitamin D status was defined s-25(OH)D <50 nmol/l, and deficient status as s-25(OH)D <25 nmol/l.SettingSchool-based study in Reykjavik, Iceland in 2006.SubjectsOf the 7-year-olds studied (n 265), 165 returned valid intake information (62 %), 158 gave blood samples (60 %) and 120 gave both (45 %).ResultsRecommended vitamin D intake (10 μg/d) was reached by 22·4 % of the children and 65·2 % had s-25(OH)D <50 nmol/l. Median s-25(OH)D was higher for children taking vitamin D supplements (49·2 nmol/l v. 43·2 nmol/l, respectively; P < 0·0 0 1). Median s-25(OH)D was lower in November (36·7 nmol/l) than in September (59·9 nmol/l; P < 0·001). The regression model showed that week of autumn accounted for 18·9 % of the variance in s-25(OH)D (P < 0·001), vitamin D intake 5·2 % (P < 0·004) and cardiorespiratory fitness 4·6 % (P < 0·005).ConclusionsA minority of children followed the vitamin D recommendations and 65 % had suboptimal vitamin D status during the autumn. Week of autumn was more strongly associated with vitamin D status than diet or cardiorespiratory fitness, which associated with vitamin D status to a similar extent. These results demonstrate the importance of sunlight exposure during summer to prevent suboptimal vitamin D status in young schoolchildren during autumn in northern countries. An increased effort is needed for enabling adherence to the vitamin D recommendations and increasing outdoor activities for sunlight exposure.
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Henjum, Sigrun, Anne Brantsæter, Astrid Kurniasari, Lisbeth Dahl, Eli Aadland, Elin Gjengedal, Susanne Birkeland, and Inger Aakre. "Suboptimal Iodine Status and Low Iodine Knowledge in Young Norwegian Women." Nutrients 10, no. 7 (July 21, 2018): 941. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10070941.
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Previous studies have documented mild to moderate iodine deficiency in pregnant and lactating women in Norway. This study focused on non-pregnant young women because their future children may be susceptible to the adverse effects of iodine deficiency. We assessed urinary iodine concentration (UIC), iodine intake from food and supplements, and iodine knowledge in 403 non-pregnant women, mainly students, aged 18–30 years. Iodine concentration was measured in spot urine samples analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and iodine intake was calculated from a self-reported food frequency questionnaire. Knowledge about iodine was collected through the self-administered, paper-based questionnaire. Median (p25–p75) UIC was 75 (42–130) µg/L and 31% had UIC < 50 µg/L. Habitual iodine intake was 100 (69–136) µg/day. In multiple regression models, supplemental iodine, use of thyroid medication, and iodine intake from food were positively associated with UIC, while vegetarian practice was negatively associated, explaining 16% of the variance. Approximately 40% of the young women had low iodine knowledge score and no differences were found between women in different study programs. Young women in Norway are mild to moderately iodine-deficient, and public health strategies are needed to improve and secure adequate iodine status.
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Xue, Yunlian, Zhuomin Huang, Guihao Liu, Yefang Feng, Mengyao Xu, Lijie Jiang, and Jun Xu. "Association analysis of Suboptimal health Status: a cross-sectional study in China." PeerJ 8 (December 11, 2020): e10508. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10508.
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Background Suboptimal health status (SHS) among urban residents is commonplace in China. However, factors influencing SHS have not been thoroughly explored, especially with regard to the effects of internal factors (e.g., personality and health awareness) on SHS. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with a nationally representative sample of 5460 Chinese urban residents..SHS was measured using the Suboptimal Health Mesurement Scale Version 1.0. Demographic information, and information pertaining to lifestyle behaviors, environmental factors, and internal factors were abtained through a questionnaire. The associations between demographic information, lifestyle behaviors, environmental factors, internal factors and SHS were assessed using logistic regression. Results Of the 5460 participants (with a mean age of 41.56 ± 16.14 years), 2640 (48.4 %) were men. Out of 36 variables, 23 were significantly associated with SHS: age (odds ratio [OR]: 1.014), an education level of high school/junior college (OR: 1.443) , marital status (OR: 1.899), area of registered permanent residence (OR: 0.767), monthly household income (p < 0.001) , exposure to second-hand smoke (p = 0.001), alcohol drinking (OR: 1.284), bad eating habits (OR: 1.717), not sleeping before 11 p.m. every day (p = 0.002), spending time online more than five hours a day (OR: 1.526), having a good relationship with parents during one’s growth period (OR: 0.602), living with good quality air (OR:0.817), living in not crowded conditions (OR:0.636), having a harmonious neighborhood (OR:0.775), having adequate fitness facilities (OR:0.783), one’s health being affected by two-child policy (OR: 1.468) and medical policies (OR: 1.265) , high adverse quotient (OR: 0.488), many (≥3 kinds) interests and hobbies (OR: 0.617), mature and steady personality traits (OR: 0.469) , a high attention to one’s health (OR: 0.833), and effective health promotion induced by leading a leisurely lifestyle (OR: 0.466) were significantly associated with SHS. Conclusions All these variables were included demographic information, lifestyle behaviors, environmental factors and internal factors. Our study supports the benefits of controlling both internal and external factors in preventing suboptimal health.
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Zhu, Jinxiu, Wenjuan Ying, Li Zhang, Gangyi Peng, Weiju Chen, Enoch Odame Anto, Xueqing Wang, et al. "Psychological symptoms in Chinese nurses may be associated with predisposition to chronic disease: a cross-sectional study of suboptimal health status." EPMA Journal 11, no. 4 (October 14, 2020): 551–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13167-020-00225-y.
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Abstract Background Suboptimal health status (SHS) is a reversible state between ideal health and illness and it can be effectively reversed by risk prediction, disease prevention, and personalized medicine under the global background of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (PPPM) concepts. More and more Chinese nurses have been troubled by psychological symptoms (PS). The correlation between PS and SHS is unclear in nurses. The purpose of current study is to investigate the prevalence of SHS and PS in Chinese nurses and the relationship between SHS and PS along with predisposing factors as well as to discuss the feasibility of improving health status and preventing diseases according to PPPM concepts in Chinese nurses. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with the cluster sampling method among 9793 registered nurses in Foshan city, China. SHS was evaluated with the Suboptimal Health Status Questionnaire-25 (SHSQ-25). Meanwhile, the PS of depression and anxiety were evaluated with Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) self-assessment questionnaires. The relationship between PS and SHS in Chinese nurses was subsequently analyzed. Results Among the 9793 participants, 6107 nurses were included in the final analysis. The prevalence of SHS in the participants was 74.21% (4532/6107) while the symptoms of depression and anxiety were 47.62% (2908/6107) and 24.59% (1502/6107) respectively. The prevalence of SHS in the participants with depression and anxiety was significantly higher than those without the symptoms of depression (83.3% vs 16.7%, P < 0.001) and anxiety (94.2% vs 5.8%, P < 0.0001). The ratio of exercise habit was significantly lower than that of non-exercise habit (68.8% vs 78.4%, P < 0.001) in SHS group. Conclusions There is a high prevalence of SHS and PS in Chinese nurses. PS in Chinese nurses are associated with SHS. Physical exercise is a protective factor for SHS and PS so that the exercise should be strongly recommended as a valuable preventive measure well in the agreement with PPPM philosophy. Along with SDS and SAS, SHSQ-25 should also be highly recommended and applied as a novel predictive/preventive tool for the health measures from the perspectives of PPPM in view of susceptible population and individual screening, the predisposition to chronic disease preventing, personalization of intervention, and the ideal health state restoring.
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Jakše, Boštjan, Barbara Jakše, Nataša Fidler Mis, Borut Jug, Dorica Šajber, Uroš Godnov, and Ivan Čuk. "Nutritional Status and Cardiovascular Health in Female Adolescent Elite-Level Artistic Gymnasts and Swimmers: A Cross-Sectional Study of 31 Athletes." Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 2021 (January 12, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8810548.
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Objective. Nutritional status is important for health and competitive achievement. This area remains understudied among elite-level female athletes and is appropriate for research. We examined nutritional status and cardiovascular health markers of two groups of female athletes of the same age and competition period, involved in weight-bearing and a non-weight-bearing sport: gymnasts (n = 17) and swimmers (n = 14); mean age 17.4 and 16.6 years. Methods. Body composition and dietary intake were assessed by bioelectrical impedance and Food Frequency Questionnaire. The concentrations of serum micronutrients (B12, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25 (OH) D), calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, and iron), blood lipids, and blood pressure (BP) were measured. Setting and Participants. A cross-sectional study of 31 athletes from Slovenia. Results. Gymnasts had higher body mass index (21.5 vs. 20.1 kg/m2, p = 0.043 ) and lower fat free mass (42.4 vs. 46.6 kg, p = 0.024 ) than swimmers and comparable body fat percentage (22.5 vs. 22.8%). Both groups had low intake of carbohydrates, fibre, polyunsaturated fats, protein (only gymnasts), and micronutrients (11/13 micronutrients gymnasts and 4/13 swimmers) and high intake of free sugars and saturated fats. Both groups also had significantly lower-than-recommended serum levels of 25 (OH) D. All cardiovascular risk factors were within recommended ranges. Gymnasts had higher LDL cholesterol (2.7 vs. 2.2 mmol/L, p < 0.011 ), and swimmers had higher systolic BP (126 vs. 107 mmHg, p < 0.001 ). Conclusions. Dietary intake especially in gymnasts was suboptimal, which may reflect in anthropometric and cardiovascular marker differences between gymnasts and swimmers.
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Serban, Denis Mihai, Costela Lacrimioara Serban, Sorin Ursoniu, Sandra Putnoky, Radu Dumitru Moleriu, and Salomeia Putnoky. "Mindful Eating Questionnaire: Validation and Reliability in Romanian Adults." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 17 (August 24, 2022): 10517. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710517.
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Mindful eating may play an important role in long-term weight maintenance. In interventions aiming at weight reduction, increasing the levels of mindful eating was associated with higher levels of success and lower levels of weight rebound in the long run. This study aimed to determine the validity and reliability of a mindful eating questionnaire for Romanian adults using Framson’s Mindful Eating Questionnaire (MEQ). To calculate the internal (n = 495) and external (n = 45) reliability, a general population sample was taken. Construct validity was assessed using the “known groups” method: dietitians (n = 70), sports professionals (n = 52), and individuals with overweight and obesity (n = 200). Convergent validity tested the association between the MEQ score and demographic characteristics of the total sample (n = 617). The internal (0.72) and external (0.83) reliability were adequate. Dietitians and sports professionals had overall lower scores, meaning more mindful eating compared to the group of individuals with overweight and obesity. The lower mindful eating practice was associated with the presence of excess weight, suboptimal health status perception, higher levels of stress and younger age. The Romanian version of the MEQ is a reliable and valid tool for measuring mindfulness of eating in adults.
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Al-Sayegh, Nowall, Khazna Al-Enezi, Mohammed Nadar, and Elizabeth Dean. "Health Status, Behaviors, and Beliefs of Health Sciences Students and Staff at Kuwait University: Toward Maximizing the Health of Future Health Professionals and Their Patients." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 23 (November 26, 2020): 8776. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238776.
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Health professionals who engage in healthy lifestyle behaviors are more likely to promote their patients’ health. We evaluated health status, behaviors, and beliefs of students (future health professionals) and staff in four health sciences faculties, Kuwait University. In total, 600 students and 231 staff participated in this descriptive cross-sectional study. Questionnaire surveys were used to evaluate lifestyle-related practices and participants’ beliefs about these practices, in addition to health-related objective measures, e.g., heart rate, blood pressure, and body mass index. Overweight/obesity was prevalent among the participants (staff, 68.7%, students, 48.1%; p < 0.001); 57% of staff had suboptimal resting blood pressures. About half of the participants reported being moderately physically active (staff, 44.8%, students, 52.6%; p < 0.05), and most reported moderate/high stress (staff, 88.8%, students, 90.9%; p > 0.05). Only 25.1% of staff and 27.9% of students reported at least 8 h sleep nightly (p > 0.05). Staff reported healthier dietary practices than students (p-value range < 0.001–0.02). Overall, the participants had sub-optimal health indices. A marked gap existed between participants’ beliefs about healthy lifestyle practices and their actual health status. Healthy lifestyle programs are needed on campus with respect to diet, exercise, and stress management. As emerging health professionals, students in health sciences faculties, Kuwait University, need exposure to a health-promoting environment including healthy staff as role models.
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Khateeb, M., S. Khayat, O. Radhwi, M. Sindi, and H. Abduljabbar. "Attitude of 100 Saudi Female Doctors towards their Health." Clinical Medicine Insights: Women's Health 5 (January 2012): CMWH.S10052. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/cmwh.s10052.
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Objective To assess the overall health status, lifestyle behavior, and attitude towards menopause, hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) and human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccination among female Saudi doctors. Materials and methods This is a cross-sectional study that was conducted over a period of 2 months (November and December 2011). The study population was comprised of Saudi female physicians that are actively working. Ethics approval was obtained prior to conducting the study. A structured self-administered questionnaire was answered by the subjects. Inclusion criteria were any female physician who was willing to participate and was actively practicing at time of the study. Results One hundred responses were received. Forty-six subjects were <30 years and 31 subjects were >40 years of age. Obesity was defined as a body mass index (BMI) of >25 and morbid obesity as a BMI >30. Eight subjects had a normal BMI, 27 subjects were overweight, and 16 were morbidly obese. Six subjects were smokers and 13 had chronic illnesses such as diabetes. Only five of the subjects performed regular breast self-examination, and 40 subjects have a breast examination done by a physician. Pap smear was done at least once on only 17% of the subjects. Forty-eight subjects were willing to prescribe HRT to their patients. Sixty-five subjects were willing to administer the HPV vaccination to patients. Conclusion The overall health status, lifestyle, and attitude of Saudi female physicians towards their own health is suboptimal. This study shows that even physicians need to improve their lifestyle behavior and attitude towards their own health.
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Carroll, Aoife, Chike Onwuneme, Malachi J. McKenna, Philip D. Mayne, Eleanor J. Molloy, and Nuala P. Murphy. "Vitamin D Status in Irish Children and Adolescents." Clinical Pediatrics 53, no. 14 (July 7, 2014): 1345–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0009922814541999.
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Background. Vitamin D has important skeletal and extraskeletal roles but those living at northerly latitudes are at risk of suboptimal levels because of reduced sunlight exposure. Aim. To describe the vitamin D status of Irish children and identify factors predictive of vitamin D status. Methods. A prospective cross sectional study was undertaken over a 12 month period. Two hundred and fifty two healthy children attending for minor medical or surgical procedures were recruited. All had 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), parathyroid hormone and bone profiles measured. Results. The mean (standard deviation) for 25OHD was 51(25) nmol/L (20.4 (10) ng/mL). Forty-five percent had levels >50 nmol/L (20 ng/mL). The following variables were significantly associated with 25OHD levels >50 nmol/L (20 ng/mL): sample drawn in April-September, use of vitamin D supplements, consumption of formula milk, and non-African ethnicity. Conclusion. More than half of the children in this study had 25OHD levels less than 50 nmol/L (20 ng/mL). Vitamin D status was significantly improved by augmented oral vitamin D intake.
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Mark, Sean. "Vitamin D status and recommendations to improve vitamin D status in Canadian youth." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 35, no. 5 (October 2010): 718. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h10-054.
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Little is known regarding the vitamin D status of Canadian youth. Our objectives were (i) to describe the vitamin D status of Quebec youth using a representative sample; (ii) to examine the relative contributions of diet, physical activity, and fat mass to the variance in plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D(25(OH)D), the best biomarker of vitamin D status; and (iii) to examine the influence of household income and food insecurity on the intakes of dietary vitamin D, calcium, and dairy foods. To describe vitamin D status, we used data from the Quebec Child and Adolescent Health and Social Survey (QCAHS), which is a cross-sectional survey representative of Quebec youth aged 9, 13, and 16 years. For the second objective, 159 youth, aged 8 to 11 years, whose parents (at least one) were obese or had the metabolic syndrome, were used for cross-sectional analysis in the Quebec Adipose and Lifestyle InvesTigation in Youth (QUALITY). Fat mass was measured using dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and physical activity was assessed by an accelerometer. Finally, we analyzed data from the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS), which collected data from 9 to 18 year olds (N = 8960), and was representative of Canadian youth. From this survey a single 24-h dietary recall, measured height and weight, sociodemographic, and food insecurity information were available. In both the QUALITY and QCAHS study, >90% of youth had suboptimal vitamin D levels (plasma 25(OH)D < 75 nmol·L–1) at the end of winter and beginning of spring. In the QCAHS study, older youth had a higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D < 27.5 nmol·L–1) (>10%) than younger youth, and girls from low-income households had lower plasma 25(OH)D concentrations. In the QUALITY study, milk consumption and physical activity had modest associations with plasma 25(OH)D, corresponding to 2.9 nmol·L–1 and 2.1 nmol·L–1 higher plasma 25(OH)D per standard deviation increase in these exposures, respectively. In the CCHS study, we found evidence that milk intake was being displaced by sweetened beverages among low-income boys and food insecure girls. We conclude that population-wide measures to increase dietary vitamin D intake should be examined in Canadian youth.
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Francalanci, Michela, Vito Terlizzi, Cristina Fevola, Giulia Di Rosa, Valentina Pierattini, Elena Roselli, Paolo Bonomi, et al. "Nutritional Status and Circulating Levels of Fat-Soluble Vitamins in Cystic Fibrosis Patients: A Cohort Study and Evaluation of the Effect of CFTR Modulators." Children 10, no. 2 (January 30, 2023): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children10020252.
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Background: Improved therapy in CF has led to an overall improvement in nutritional status. The objectives of our study are: to cross-sectionally assess nutritional status and serum levels of fat-soluble vitamins; to retrospectively evaluate the efficacy of modulators on nutritional status and fat-soluble vitamin levels. Methods: In patients younger than 2 years of age, we evaluated growth, in patients aged 2–18 years, we assessed BMI z-scores, and in adults, we assessed absolute BMI values. Levels of 25(OH)D, vitamins A, and E were measured. Results: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted on 318 patients, 109 (34.3%) with pancreatic sufficiency. Only three patients were under 2 years old. In 135 patients aged 2–18 years, the median BMI z-score was 0.11, and 5 (3.7%) patients had malnutrition (z-score ≤ 2SD). In 180 adults, the median BMI was 21.8 kg/m2. Overall, 15 (13.7%) males (M) and 18 (25.3%) females (F) were underweight (18 < BMI > 20); 3 (2.7%) M and 5 (7.0%) F had a BMI < 18. Suboptimal 25(OH)D levels were found in patients with pancreatic insufficiency. The prevalence of deficiency of vitamins A and E is low. After one year of treatment with modulators, the increase in BMI was more consistent (M: 1.58 ± 1.25 kg/m2 F: 1.77 ± 1.21 kg/m2) in elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI)-treated patients compared with other modulators, with a significant increase in levels of all fat-soluble vitamins. Conclusions: Malnutrition is present in a limited number of subjects. The prevalence of subjects with suboptimal 25(OH)D levels is high. ETI showed a beneficial effect on nutritional status and circulating levels of fat-soluble vitamins.
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Oldewage-Theron, Wilna H., Lilian Salami, Francis B. Zotor, and Christine Venter. "Health status of an elderly population in Sharpeville, South Africa." Health SA Gesondheid 13, no. 3 (November 18, 2008): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/hsag.v13i3.282.
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The objective of this cross-sectional study was a comprehensive nutrition and health assessment to provide a basis for future intervention strategies for an elderly population attending a day-care centre. Socio-demographic, health and 24-hour recall dietary intake questionnaires were administered and anthropometric and biochemical measurements taken. The results indicate that the majority of respondents had an income of between R501 and R1 000 (South African rand) per month and most of them reported an occasional lack of funds to meet basic household needs, confirming the presence of food insecurity. Daily dietary intakes (mean±Standard Deviation [SD]) of the women were 5 395±2 946 kJ energy, 47±27 g protein, 28±21 g fat and 196±123 g carbohydrates compared to 8 641±3 799 kJ, 86±48 g, 49±32 g and 301±139 g of the men, respectively. The majority (83.6%) of the women were overweight (body mass index [BMI] >25) or obese (BMI > 30) whilst 78% had a mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) of > 21.7 cm. Mean intakes of micronutrients were low in comparison to reference standards and serum zinc levels were suboptimal. Obesity, hypertension and raised total serum cholesterol levels indicated an increased risk for coronary heart disease. It can be concluded that a low income, household food insecurity and risk factors associated with malnutrition and non-communicable diseases were prevalent in this elderly population.
Opsomming
Die doelwit van hierdie dwarssnitstudie was ‘n omvattende bepaling van voeding- en gesondheidstatus om as basis te dien vir toekomstige intervensie-strategieë vir ’n groep bejaardes wat ’n dagsentrum besoek. Sosiodemografiese, gesondheid- en 24-uur herroep-dieetinname vraelyste is voltooi en antropometriese en biochemiese metings is geneem. Die resultate het bevestig dat die meerderheid respondente ‘n maandelikse inkomste van tussen R501 en R1 000 (Suid-Afrikaanse rand) gehad het. Die meeste het ‘n geldtekort vir basiese huishoudelike behoeftes gerapporteer wat dui op huishoudelike voedselin-sekuriteit. Daaglikse dieetinnames (gemiddeld± standaardafwyking [SA]) van die vroue was onderskei- delik 5 395±2 946 kJ energie, 47±27 g proteïen, 28±21 g vet en 196±123 g koolhidrate in vergelyking met 8 641±3 799 kJ, 86±48 g, 49±32 g en 301±139 g vir die mans. Die meerderheid (83.6%) van die vroue was oorgewig (liggaamsmassa-indeks [LMI] >25) of vetsugtig (LMI > 30) en 78% het ’n middel-bo-armomtrek (MUAC) van > 21.7 cm gehad. Gemiddelde mikronutriëntinnames was laag in vergelyking met die verwysingstandaarde en serumsink was suboptimaal. Vetsug, hipertensie en verhoogde totale serumcholesterolvlakke het op ‘n verhoogde risiko van kardiovaskulêre siekte gedui. Die resultate het dus bewys dat lae inkomste, huishoudelike voedselin-sekuriteit en die risikofaktore wat met wanvoeding en leefstylsiektes geassosieer word, teenwoordig was.
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Yan, Yu-Xiang, Li-Juan Wu, Huan-Bo Xiao, Shuo Wang, Jing Dong, and Wei Wang. "Latent class analysis to evaluate performance of plasma cortisol, plasma catecholamines, and SHSQ-25 for early recognition of suboptimal health status." EPMA Journal 9, no. 3 (August 1, 2018): 299–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13167-018-0144-8.
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Visser, J., K. Knight, L. Philips, W. Visser, M. Wallace, D. G. Nel, and R. Blaauw. "Determinants of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in healthy young adults living in the Western Cape, South Africa." South African Family Practice 61, no. 4 (September 4, 2019): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/safp.v61i4.4951.
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Background: Vitamin D deficiency is fast emerging as a global pandemic. In South Africa few studies have been conducted to determine the vitamin D status of the healthy population.Methods: This prospective study with an analytical component investigated vitamin D status of healthy undergraduate students at two time points (winter and summer) at Stellenbosch University. Serum 25(OH)D was determined, anthropometric measurements taken and dietary vitamin D intake estimated (food-frequency questionnaire). Skin tone was determined (Fitzpatrick skin type classification), and a skin reflectometry device used to measure dermal melanin content.Results: Results of 242 students indicated a mean serum 25(OH)D of 63.80 ± 41.35 ng/ml and a high prevalence of vitamin D sufficiency (88%). Significantly more females experienced suboptimal vitamin D levels than males (18 vs. 5%; p 0.01). Participants with lighter skin tones had higher levels of 25(OH)D than those with darker skin tones (chi-square = 24.02; p = 0.02). The majority (60.74%) had a normal BMI, although there was no significant relationship between BMI and serum 25 (OH)D (Spearman’s r=–0.11; p = 0.09). Total mean dietary vitamin D intake was 7.99 ± 13.81 mcg, with 87.2% having inadequate intake ( 15 mcg). The relationship between total vitamin D intake and serum 25(OH)D was found to be significant in winter (p 0.001) and summer (p = 0.01). Serum vitamin D levels were significantly higher in the winter phase (p 0.001).Conclusions: A low prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was found amongst healthy young adults, despite low dietary vitamin D intakes. Significant relationships were found between serum 25(OH)D and gender, skin tone and vitamin D intake. Further studies need to be conducted, especially in high-risk groups, before results are applied to the greater South African public.
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Sioen, Isabelle, Theodora Mouratidou, Jean-Marc Kaufman, Karin Bammann, Nathalie Michels, Iris Pigeot, Barbara Vanaelst, Krishna Vyncke, and Stefaan De Henauw. "Determinants of vitamin D status in young children: results from the Belgian arm of the IDEFICS (Identification and Prevention of Dietary- and Lifestyle-Induced Health Effects in Children and Infants) Study." Public Health Nutrition 15, no. 6 (December 8, 2011): 1093–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980011002989.
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AbstractObjectiveTo describe the vitamin D status of Belgian children and examine the influence of non-nutritional determinants, in particular of anthropometric variables.DesignCross-sectional data of Belgian participants of the EU 6th Framework Programme IDEFICS (Identification and Prevention of Dietary- and Lifestyle-Induced Health Effects in Children and Infants) Study.Setting25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was measured using RIA. Vitamin D status was categorized as deficient (<25 nmol/l), insufficient (25–50 nmol/l), sufficient (50–75 nmol/l) and optimal (≥75 nmol/l). Anthropometric measurements included height, weight, waist and hip circumferences and triceps and subscapular skinfold thicknesses.SubjectsChildren (n 357) aged 4–11 years.ResultsSerum 25(OH)D ranged from 13·6 to 123·5 nmol/l (mean 47·2 (sd 14·6) nmol/l); with 5 % deficient, 53 % insufficient, 40 % sufficient and 2 % optimal. No significant differences were found by age and gender. Significant differences in 25(OH)D were observed for month of sampling (P < 0·001), number of hours playing outside per week (r = 0·140), weight (r = −0·121), triceps (r = −0·112) and subscapular (r = −0·119) skinfold thickness, sum of two skinfold thicknesses (r = −0·125) and waist circumference (r = −0·108). Linear regression analysis of 25(OH)D adjusted for age, month of sampling and hours playing outside per week suggested that (i) weight, (ii) BMI Z-score, (iii) waist circumference and (iv) triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness (as well as the sum of both) independently influenced 25(OH)D.ConclusionsThe majority of Belgian children had a suboptimal vitamin D status, with more than half having an insufficient status in winter and spring. Month of the year, weekly number of hours playing outside and body composition – both central and abdominal obesity – were identified as important determinants of vitamin D status in Belgian children.
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Nazeri, Pantea, Parvin Mirmiran, Golaleh Asghari, Nilufar Shiva, Yadollah Mehrabi, and Fereidoun Azizi. "Mothers’ behaviour contributes to suboptimal iodine status of family members: findings from an iodine-sufficient area." Public Health Nutrition 18, no. 4 (April 24, 2014): 686–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980014000743.
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AbstractObjectiveIodine deficiency still remains a major public health concern worldwide despite global progress in its elimination. The aims of the present study were to evaluate dietary iodine status in the mother and one adult member of each family and the association between mothers’ knowledge, attitude and behaviour and the dietary iodine status of adult family members in Tehran.DesignIn this cross-sectional study, 24 h urinary iodine and Na concentrations and the iodine content of household salt were measured. Mothers’ knowledge, attitude and behaviour were assessed using a questionnaire administered in face-to-face interviews.SettingHealth-care centres from four distinct areas of Tehran.SubjectsMother–adult family member pairs aged ≥19 years (n 290), enrolled through randomized cluster sampling.ResultsIn mothers and adult family members, median 24 h urinary iodine concentration was 73 (interquartile range (IQR) 36–141) µg/l and 70 (IQR 34–131) µg/l, dietary iodine intake was 143 (IQR 28–249) µg/d and 130 (IQR 26–250) µg/d and dietary salt intake was 8·0 (IQR 5·9–10·2) g/d and 7·5 (IQR 5·3–10·0) g/d, respectively. Significant correlations were observed between mothers’ attitude and behaviour and the 24 h urinary iodine concentration, dietary iodine intake and iodine content of salt of adult family members. In multiple analysis, lower quartiles of salt iodine content and salt intake and inappropriate behaviour scores in mothers increased the risk of urinary iodine concentration <100 µg/l in adult family members.ConclusionsThe present study showed that mothers’ behaviour, but not knowledge and attitude, was among major contributors to the suboptimal dietary iodine status observed in adult family members.
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Pekkarinen, Tuula, Ursula Turpeinen, Esa Hämäläinen, Eliisa Löyttyniemi, Henrik Alfthan, and Matti J. Välimäki. "Serum 25(OH)D3 vitamin status of elderly Finnish women is suboptimal even after summer sunshine but is not associated with bone density or turnover." European Journal of Endocrinology 162, no. 1 (January 2010): 183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-09-0739.
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ObjectiveConcentrations of 50 and 75 nmol/l are proposed as serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) target for older people from the view of bone health. We evaluated vitamin D status of elderly Finnish women in light of these definitions, its relationship to bone mineral density (BMD) and turnover, and improvement by summer sunshine.DesignPopulation-based study.MethodsA total of 1604 ambulatory women aged 62–79 years were studied; 66% used vitamin D supplements. Serum 25(OH)D3was measured with HPLC before and after summer, and heel BMD in spring. In subgroups, serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) and type I procollagen aminoterminal propeptide (PINP) were analyzed.ResultsIn spring, 60.3% of the women had 25(OH)D3≤50 nmol/l, and the target of 75 nmol/l was reached by 9.1%. For supplement users, the respective numbers were 52.1 and 11.9%. Serum 25(OH)D3did not determine BMD or bone turnover measured by serum PINP. Summer sunshine increased serum 25(OH)D3by 17.4% (P<0.0001), but in autumn 84% of the subjects remained under the target of 75 nmol/l. In supplement users, PTH remained stable but decreased in others during summer (P=0.025).ConclusionsVitamin D status of elderly Finnish women is suboptimal if 25(OH)D3levels of 50 or 75 nmol/l are used as a threshold. It is moderately increased by supplement intake and summer sunshine. However, 25(OH)D3concentrations did not influence bone density in terms of serum PINP and bone turnover rate.
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Summers, Aimee, and Oleg O. Bilukha. "Suboptimal infant and young child feeding practices among internally displaced persons during conflict in eastern Ukraine." Public Health Nutrition 21, no. 5 (December 22, 2017): 917–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980017003421.
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AbstractObjectiveTo determine current status, areas for improvement and effect of conflict on infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices among internally displaced persons (IDP) in eastern Ukraine.DesignCross-sectional household survey, June 2015.SettingKharkiv, Dnipropetrovsk and Zaporizhia oblasts (Ukrainian administrative divisions) bordering conflict area in Ukraine.SubjectsRandomly selected IDP households with children aged <2 years registered with local non-governmental organizations. Questions based on the WHO IYCF assessment questionnaire were asked for 477 children. Mid-upper arm circumference was measured in 411 children aged 6–23 months.ResultsExclusive breast-feeding prevalence for infants aged <6 months was 25·8 (95 % CI 15·8, 38·0) %. Percentage of mothers continuing breast-feeding when their child was aged 1 and 2 years was 53·5 (95 % CI 43·2, 63·6) % and 20·6 (95 % CI 11·5, 32·7) %, respectively. Bottle-feeding was common for children aged <2 years (68·1 %; 95 % CI 63·7, 72·3 %). Almost all infants aged 6–8 months received solid foods (98·6 %; 95 % CI 88·5, 99·9 %). Mothers who discontinued breast-feeding before their infant was 6 months old more often listed stress related to conflict as their primary reason for discontinuation (45·7 %) compared with mothers who discontinued breast-feeding when their child was aged 6–23 months (14·3 %; P<0·0001).ConclusionsTo mitigate the effects of conflict and improve child health, humanitarian action is needed focused on helping mothers cope with stress related to conflict and displacement while supporting women to adhere to recommended IYCF practices if possible and providing appropriate support to women when adherence is not feasible.
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Rashid, Zayed, Saira Tariq, Yumna Naeem, Zainab Jabeen, Mariyam Tariq, and Syed Aftab Haider Kamran. "Association of Lifestyle Factors with Sub-optimal Health Status Among Undergraduate Medical Students: A Cross Sectional Study." esculapio 17, no. 1 (March 29, 2021): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.51273/esc21.251714.
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Sub-optimal health status is a gray state of health interceding between health and disease, causing reduction in vitality and adaptability in absence of any diagnosed illness. It is considered as a precursor to disease state whose prevention will decrease burden on healthcare system. Objectives: To assess the burden of suboptimal health status and analyze its association with lifestyle factors among undergraduate medical students. Methods: A cross sectional study conducted at King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan. Questionnaires based upon “Sub-Health Measurement Scale V1.0 (SHMS V1.0)'' and “Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile-II (HPLP-II)'' were distributed among medical students of different years and 379 responses were completed. The data was entered in SPSS version 23 using quantitative variables. Chi-square test was employed to determine association of dependent with independent variables. Results: Frequency of the Sub-optimal health status and Health among individuals of study population was found to be 78.1% (296) and 21.9% (83) respectively. A significant positive association of lifestyle factors with Sub optimal Health Status was found (p < 0.005). There was a slightly high frequency of SHS among females than males and day scholars than hostellers. The respondents having SHS had lower mean values for each HPLP-II dimension relative to those who were reported as healthy. Conclusion: There is a high frequency of SHS among medical students. Poor lifestyle is a risk factor as a significant correlation exists. It can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle. Key Words: Sub optimal, SHS, Health, Lifestyle, Dimensions. How to cite: Rashid Z., Tariq S., Naeem Y., Jabeen Z., Tariq M., Kamran H.A.S. Association of lifestyle factors wih sub- optimal health status among undergraduate medical students: a cross sectinal study. Esculapio 2021;17(01):20-25
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Farhadi Nasab, Abdollah, and Mohammad Mehdi Majzobi. "Comparative Assessment of the Mental Health Status of HIV-Positive and HIV-Negative Intravenous Drug Users." Journal of Education and Community Health 9, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 101–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/jech.2022.15.
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Background: Intravenous (IV) drug use and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are closely related and are both among the major public health dilemmas worldwide. A considerable number of IV drug users are infected with HIV; this further adds to the risk of the occurrence of psychological disorders in them. This study aimed to assess the mental health status of IV drug users with and without HIV infection. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 270 IV drug users in Hamadan, including 90 HIV-positive and 180 HIV-negative subjects. The data were collected using general health questionnaire-28 items (GHQ-28) and then analyzed by SPSS, version 19. Results: Based on the results, HIV-negative IV drug users had a better mental health status than HIV-positive IV drug users, but this difference was not statistically significant (P=0.072). The assessment of GHQ-28 subscales revealed that the score of the social dysfunction subscale was significantly higher in HIV-positive compared to HIV-negative subjects (P=0.004). Conclusion: It appears that the mental health status of IV drug users is suboptimal, and HIV infection can compromise the quality of life of addicts, particularly in terms of social function. Thus, designing strategies to improve the mental health status of IV drug users and their compliance with hygienic measures can promote public health.
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Na, Muzi, Sally G. Eagleton, Lamis Jomaa, Kristen Lawton, and Jennifer S. Savage. "Food insecurity is associated with suboptimal sleep quality, but not sleep duration, among low-income Head Start children of pre-school age." Public Health Nutrition 23, no. 4 (November 28, 2019): 701–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s136898001900332x.
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AbstractObjective:To examine the association between food insecurity and child sleep outcomes and to investigate whether parent psychosocial factors mediate such associations.Design:Cross-sectional study. Usual wake time and bedtime, bedtime routine and sleep quality were reported by parents using the adapted Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire. Food insecurity was assessed using the eighteen-item US Department of Agriculture Household Food Security Module. Parent psychosocial factors, including perceived stress, parenting self-efficacy and depressive symptomology, were assessed using validated scales. Multivariable logistic regression models were performed to determine the association between food insecurity and sleep outcomes controlling for potential confounders. Mediation analyses and Sobel tests were applied to test the mediating effect of psychosocial factors.Setting:Head Start pre-school classrooms in four regions across central Pennsylvania, USA.Participants:Low-income children of pre-school age (n 362) and their caregivers.Results:Prevalence of household, adult and child food insecurity was 37·3, 31·8 and 17·7 %, respectively. Food security status at any level was not associated with child sleep duration or bedtime routine. Child food insecurity, but not household or adult food insecurity, was associated with 2·25 times increased odds (95 % CI 1·11, 4·55) of poor child sleep quality in the adjusted model. Perceived stress, self-efficacy and depressive symptomology mediated less than 2 % of the observed effect (all Sobel test P > 0·6).Conclusion:Food insecurity, particularly at the child level, is a potential modifiable risk factor for reducing sleep-related health disparities in early childhood. Future studies are needed to explore the plausible mechanisms underlying the associations between food insecurity and adverse child sleep outcomes.
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Mark, Sean, Katherine Gray-Donald, Edgard E. Delvin, Jennifer O'Loughlin, Gilles Paradis, Emile Levy, and Marie Lambert. "Low Vitamin D Status in a Representative Sample of Youth From Québec, Canada." Clinical Chemistry 54, no. 8 (August 1, 2008): 1283–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2008.104158.
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Abstract Background: Adequate vitamin D status is important for bone growth and mineralization and has been implicated in the regulation of autoimmunity, metabolic function, and cancer prevention. There are no reports of population-based studies on the vitamin D status of Canadian youth, a population with mandatory fortification of foods. Methods: We measured plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], the best indicator of vitamin D status, in a school-based cross-sectional sample of representative French Canadian youth (n = 1753) ages 9, 13, and 16 years living in Québec (latitude: 45°–48°N). Blood samples were collected from January to May 1999. We defined 25(OH)D deficiency as ≤27.5 nmol/L, hypovitaminosis as ≤37.5 nmol/L, and optimal as >75.0 nmol/L. Results: More than 93% of youth in each age and sex group had suboptimal 25(OH)D concentrations. The prevalence of 25(OH)D deficiency increased with age in both sexes (P < 0.0001). It was 2%, 3%, and 13% in 9-, 13-, and 16-year-old boys and 2%, 8%, and 10% in 9-, 13-, and 16-year-old girls. Girls with higher body mass index and girls from households with lower income had lower 25(OH)D concentrations. These effects were not observed in boys. Conclusions: Inadequate vitamin D status is a potentially serious public health problem among children and adolescents in Québec. Youth living at high latitudes in countries with and without mandatory fortification of vitamin D are likely at heightened risk of 25(OH)D deficiency. These results call for renewed efforts to ensure adequate vitamin D intake among growing children and adolescents.
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Braun, Hans, Judith von Andrian-Werburg, Wilhelm Schänzer, and Mario Thevis. "Nutrition Status of Young Elite Female German Football Players." Pediatric Exercise Science 30, no. 1 (February 1, 2018): 157–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.2017-0072.
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Purpose: To investigate energy intake, energy expenditure, and the nutritional status of young female elite football players using 7-day food and activity records and blood parameters. Methods: A total of 56 female elite football players [14.8 (0.7) y] completed the requested food and activity protocols. Misreporting was assessed by the ratio of energy intake to energy expenditure. The food records were analyzed concerning energy and macronutrient and micronutrient intakes, and energy expenditure was calculated using predictive equations. Hematological data and 25-hydroxyvitamin D serum concentrations were determined. Results: Mean energy intake was 2262 (368) kcal/d [40.5 (7.0) kcal/kg/d] and estimated EE averaged 2403 (195) kcal/d. Fifty-three percent of the players exhibited an energy availability <30 kcal/kg lean body mass; 31% of the athletes consumed <5 g/kg carbohydrates and 34% consumed <1.2 g/kg proteins. A large proportion of players (%) had intakes below the recommended daily allowance of folate (75%), vitamin D (100%), iron (69%), and calcium (59%). Ferritin and 25-hydroxyvitamin D serum levels were below the recommendations of 59% and 38%, respectively. Conclusions: A remarkable number of players failed to meet the energy balance and the recommended carbohydrate and protein intakes. Low iron and 25-hydroxyvitamin D serum levels were observed showing a suboptimal nutrition status of some young female football players. As a consequence, strategies have to be developed for a better information and application of sport nutrition practice among young female football players.
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Gáll, Zsolt, Brigitta Csukor, Melinda Urkon, Lénárd Farczádi, and Melinda Kolcsár. "Vitamin D Status Assessment: Lack of Correlation between Serum and Hair 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol Levels in Healthy Young Adults." Diagnostics 12, no. 5 (May 14, 2022): 1229. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12051229.
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Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to numerous health problems, including those resulting from disturbed calcium-phosphorus homeostasis, and neuropsychiatric and autoimmune disorders. Nearly one-third of the global population has suboptimal levels of vitamin D, according to epidemiological data. Vitamin D status is usually determined by measuring serum 25(OH)D, but, for decades, serum 25(OH)D measurement has been hampered by a lack of standardization. There have been many recent initiatives to develop reference substances and methods for measuring vitamin D and its metabolites, and re-evaluating the optimal values. It was also suggested that alternative biological samples could also be used, such as hair, since it has been established that lipophilic substances, such as corticosteroids, can also be found in hair. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between 25(OH)D3 concentrations in serum and hair, and other demographic features in 26 healthy Caucasian young adult volunteers. The determination of 25(OH)D3 and cholecalciferol was carried out using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS) from blood and hair samples taken at two timepoints separated by nine weeks. In the hair samples of 18 out of 26 subjects, 25(OH)D was detected at a mean (±SEM) concentration of 17.07 ± 5.375 pg/mg at the first sampling time, and 58.90 ± 25.97 pg/mg at the second sampling time. A multiple linear regression analysis revealed no effects of gender, body mass index, supplementation, or sun exposure on hair 25(OH)D3 concentrations, but supplementation and sun exposure significantly increased serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations. In addition, serum and hair 25(OH)D3 concentrations did not correlate; however, there was a strong correlation between the two sampling times for serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations. In conclusion, this study confirmed that 25(OH)D3 could be detected in human hair, but its use as a biomarker warrants further investigations since no link was found between serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations, supplementation, sun exposure, and hair 25(OH)D3 concentrations levels.
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Cavka, Luka, Maja Pohar Perme, Nada Rotovnik Kozjek, and Bostjan Seruga. "Association between nutritional status (NS) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in men with early metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2019): e16539-e16539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.e16539.
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e16539 Background: HRQoL is of paramount importance in men with mCRPC. It is not known how NS affects HRQoL in this population of patients. We hypothesized that NS is associated with HRQoL in men with early mCRPC and that NS outperforms body mass index (BMI) in this association. Methods: We prospectively enrolled men with early mCRPC into this study. Patients were assessed, and on the basis of established criteria, four NS categories were defined: normal NS (nNS), nutritional risk without cachexia/sarcopenia (NR), sarcopenia (S) (handgrip strength < 30 kg) and cachexia (C) (Evans`s criteria). HRQoL was assessed by the validated questionnaire Functional Assessment of Cancer Treatment (FACT-P); higher score reflects better HRQoL. After checking for normal distribution, we performed a linear regression model for HRQoL with NS as a dummy variable (with nNS as the reference group). Age, duration of previous androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), hemoglobin level (Hb), prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and BMI were included as covariates into the multivariate model. Results: One hundred forty-one patients were enrolled in our study. At presentation, their mean age was 74.2 years (SD 7.1), and 18 (12.4 %) had visceral metastases. Fifty-eight (41.3%) had nNS, 43 (30.8 %) had sarcopenia, 24 (16.8 %) NR and 16 (11.2 %) C. Mean FACT-P score [SD] in nNS was 115.3 points [22.2], following by 97 [24.6], 98.3 [22.4] and 78.8 [25] points in NR, S and C groups, respectively. We found a significant and consistent association between better NS and worse HRQoL (β [NR:nNS] = -18.2 points; β [S:nNS] = -17 points; β [C:nNS] = -36.5 points; p < 0.001; R² = 0.2). The association remained significant after adjustments (R² = 0.27). Conclusions: Suboptimal NS but not BMI is significantly associated with worse HRQoL in men with early mCRPC. Interventional trials focused on the optimization of NS in men with mCRPC are warranted.[Table: see text]
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Cheong, Magdalin, Samuel Teong Huang Chew, Jeffery Oliver, Geraldine Baggs, Yen Ling Low, Choon How How, Ngiap Chuan Tan, Dieu Thi Thu Huynh, and Siew Ling Tey. "Nutritional Biomarkers and Associated Factors in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Findings from the SHIELD Study." Nutrients 12, no. 11 (October 29, 2020): 3329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12113329.
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Aging is associated with intrinsic and extrinsic changes which affect the nutrient intake and nutritional status of an older individual. Suboptimal nutritional status is linked with adverse health outcomes. There are limited data in this area for community-dwelling older adults who are not at risk of malnutrition. The objective of this study was to describe the nutritional biomarkers in 400 community-dwelling older adults (aged ≥65 years) with normal nutritional status (Malnutrition Universal Screening Test score of 0) in Singapore and to identify factors associated with these biomarkers. The majority of the participants had normal levels of pre-albumin, albumin, total protein, creatinine, zinc, corrected calcium, vitamin B12, ferritin and hemoglobin. Females had significantly higher levels of corrected calcium and vitamin B12 than males, whereas males had significantly higher levels of pre-albumin, albumin, creatinine, serum ferritin, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and hemoglobin than females. About half of the participants (52%) had low level of 25(OH)D (<30 μg/L) and 10% had low zinc level (<724 μg/L). Among those with low level of 25(OH)D, 74% had 25(OH)D insufficiency (20–<30 μg/L) and 26% had 25(OH)D deficiency (<20 μg/L). Younger age, female gender, non-Chinese ethnicity and no intake of vitamin D supplement were associated with lower serum 25(OH)D level, whereas higher body mass index (BMI) was associated with low zinc level. These findings highlight the problem of hidden nutritional insufficiencies can be missed in seemingly normal nourished community-dwelling older adults.
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Calame, Wim, Laura Street, and Toine Hulshof. "Vitamin D Serum Levels in the UK Population, including a Mathematical Approach to Evaluate the Impact of Vitamin D Fortified Ready-to-Eat Breakfast Cereals: Application of the NDNS Database." Nutrients 12, no. 6 (June 23, 2020): 1868. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12061868.
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Vitamin D status is relatively poor in the general population, potentially leading to various conditions. The present study evaluates the relationship between vitamin D status and intake in the UK population and the impact of vitamin D fortified ready-to-eat cereals (RTEC) on this status via data from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS: 2008–2012). Four cohorts were addressed: ages 4–10 (n = 803), ages 11–18 (n = 884), ages 19–64 (n = 1655) and ages 65 and higher (n = 428). The impact of fortification by 4.2 μg vitamin D per 100 g of RTEC on vitamin D intake and status was mathematically modelled. Average vitamin D daily intake was age-dependent, ranging from ~2.6 (age range 4–18 years) to ~5.0 μg (older than 64 years). Average 25(OH)D concentration ranged from 43 to 51 nmol/L, the highest in children. The relationship between vitamin D intake and status followed an asymptotic curve with a predicted plateau concentration ranging from 52 in children to 83 nmol/L in elderly. The fortification model showed that serum concentrations increased with ~1.0 in children to ~6.5 nmol/L in the elderly. This study revealed that vitamin D intake in the UK population is low with 25(OH)D concentrations being suboptimal for general health. Fortification of breakfast cereals can contribute to improve overall vitamin D status.
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Jontony, Nicole, Emily B. Hill, Christopher A. Taylor, Laura C. Boucher, Vince O'Brien, Rick Weiss, and Colleen K. Spees. "Diet Quality, Carotenoid Status, and Body Composition in NCAA Division I Athletes." American Journal of Health Behavior 44, no. 4 (July 1, 2020): 432–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5993/ajhb.44.4.6.
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Objectives: In this paper, we examined diet quality and associations between changes in skin carotenoids and body composition among selected NCAA Division I athletes. Methods: Athletes from women's (rowing, swimming, gymnastics) and men's (swimming, wrestling) teams at a large Midwest university (N = 129) completed one online food frequency questionnaire and 2 in-person visits, once in-season and once out-of-season, to assess skin carotenoids and body composition. Diet quality was assessed via Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI). Carotenoids were measured via resonance Raman spectroscopy and body composition via dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. ANOVA and Pearson correlations were used to test differences between teams and determine association between changes from in-season to out-of-season. Results: Mean HEI score for all athletes was 71.0. Women's rowing reported the highest diet quality (73.5), men's wrestling lowest (56.5). Skin carotenoids decreased for all teams, except men's wrestling, from in-season to out-of-season. Body fat percentage increased for women and decreased for men. There was a moderate inverse association between changes in skin carotenoids and body fat percentage (r = -.334, p = .001). Conclusions: Suboptimal diet quality coupled with decreases in skin carotenoids and increases in body fat percentage from in-season to out-of-season may justify dietitian-led interventions year-round to improve dietary patterns in collegiate athletes.
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Bauman, Dvora, Adir Sommer, Dar Noy, Tal Hammer, and Shoshana Revel-Vilk. "Under-Diagnosed and Under-Treated Menorrhagia in Young Women Produce Suboptimal Performance." Blood 136, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2020): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2020-139354.
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Background: Menorrhagia can have a significant impact on a woman's life. It can lead to anemia, fatigue, difficulty with physical activities, absence from work, and avoidance of social activities and may be the first sign of a bleeding disorder. We presumed that many young women with menorrhagia do not seek medical advice or are under-treated. This study aimed to document the prevalence of menorrhagia, by questionnaire, visual scores and self-assessment; its association with bleeding disorders, and the effect of menorrhagia on activity and quality of life (QoL) in young adults engaged in compulsory military service. The military service in Israel is obligatory for women as for men, making this cohort similar to the general population. Method: In this cross-sectional study we gave a short oral lecture presenting the study objective and plan to female soldiers in combat and non-combat roles. Participants were asked to consent to complete a one page coded, unidentified, initial questionnaire. After providing an additional informed consent, study participants were asked to complete additional study questionnaires, including personal and family bleeding history, pictorial bleeding assessment chart (PBAC), dysmenorrhea questionnaire, and age-appropriate PedsQL™. All forms were coded with the same number as the initial questionnaire. PBAC scores above 100 were diagnostic for menorrhagia and above 200 signified severe menorrhagia. Results: Of 422 women soldiers completing the initial questionnaire, 365 (86.5%) completed all study questionnaires. Characteristics of women not completing all study questionnaires were similar to those with complete study data except there were more soldiers in a combat role in the former (P=0.02). The median (range, 25th-75th interval) of the PBAC score was 100 (4-590, 55-189). PBAC scores > 100 and 200 were reported by 181 (50%) and 81 (22%), respectively. Most participants correctly self-assessed menorrhagia; still, a high PBAC score was also recorded in some who answered "no" or "unknown" in the initial questionnaire (Figure 1). Diagnosis of menorrhagia was associated with a history of bleeding, specifically cutaneous and bleeding from the oral cavity (Figure 2), yet none of the participants reported a diagnosis of a known bleeding disorder. The use of NSAIDs during menstruation was associated with a higher rate of menorrhagia (Table 1). No association was found with the current army role. However, the diagnosis of menorrhagia was related to the pre-enrolment fitness ranking [a score reflecting the overall per-recruitment health status] (Table 1). Those with menorrhagia suffered from higher pain levels and moderate to severe negative effects on activity during the days of menstruation compared to those without menorrhagia (Table 1, Figure 3). A trend for lower QoL was found in those with menorrhagia (Table 1). Discussion: Menorrhagia in young adults is a significant clinical problem effecting activity and quality of life. It is under-recognized and under-treated. The association with other bleeding manifestations may suggest an under diagnosis of bleeding disorders. In a world of women empowerment, any treatable cause, leading to suboptimal performance should be addressed. Thus, assessment for menorrhagia and dysmenorrhea should be part of well-being visit also in young adults to provide appropriate management to reduce the undesired effects of menorrhagia. Disclosures Revel-Vilk: Takeda: Honoraria; sanofi-Genzyme: Honoraria; Pfizer: Honoraria.
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Yeemard, Fartima, Peeradone Srichan, Tawatchai Apidechkul, Naphat Luerueang, Ratipark Tamornpark, and Suphaphorn Utsaha. "Prevalence and predictors of suboptimal glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in northern Thailand: A hospital-based cross-sectional control study." PLOS ONE 17, no. 1 (January 18, 2022): e0262714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262714.
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Background Suboptimal glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a significant public health problem, particularly among people living with poor education and economic statuses, including those with a unique dietary culture. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and identify the factors associated with suboptimal glycemic control among patients with type 2 DM during the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods A hospital-based cross-sectional study was used to elicit information from DM patients attending six hospitals located in Chiang Rai Province, northern Thailand, between February and May 2021. A validated questionnaire and 5 mL blood specimens were used as the research tools. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) greater than 7.0% among DM patients at least two years after diagnosis was defined as suboptimal glycemic control. Chi-square tests and logistic regression were used to identify the associations between variables at the significance level α = 0.05. Results A total of 967 patients were recruited for this study; 54.8% 530 had suboptimal glycemic control, 58.8% were female, 66.5% were aged 50-69 years, and 78.5% were married (78.5%). Six variables were found to be associated with suboptimal glycemic control in multivariable logistic regression. Participants aged <49, 50-59, and 60-69 years had 3.32 times (95% CI = 1.99-5.53), 2.61 times (95% CI = 1.67-4.08), and 1.93 times (95% CI = 1.26-2.95) greater odds of having suboptimal glycemic control, respectively, than those aged ≥70 years. Married individuals had 1.64 times (95% CI = 1.11-2.41) greater odds of having suboptimal glycemic control than those ever married. Participants who consumed sticky rice had 1.61 times (95% CI = 1.19-2.61) greater odds of having suboptimal glycemic control than those who did not consume sticky rice in daily life. Participants who had been diagnosed with DM for 11-20 years and ≥21 years had 1.98 times (95% CI = 1.37-2.86) and 2.46 times (1.50-4.04) greater odds of having suboptimal glycemic control, respectively, than those who had been diagnosed ≤ 10 years. Participants who had experienced forgetting to take their medication had 2.10 times (95% CI = 1.43-3.09) greater odds of having suboptimal glycemic control than those who did not, and those who had their medical expenses covered by the national scheme had 2.67 times (95% CI = 1.00-7.08) greater odds of suboptimal glycemic control than those who self-paid. Conclusion Effective health interventions to control blood glucose among DM patients during ongoing treatment are urgently required. The interventions should focus on patients aged less than 69 years, marital status, forgetting to take their medication, and a longer time since diagnosis, including reducing their sticky rice consumption. The effects of copayments should also be considered.
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González-Gross, Marcela, Jara Valtueña, Christina Breidenassel, Luis A. Moreno, Marika Ferrari, Matilde Kersting, Stefaan De Henauw, et al. "Vitamin D status among adolescents in Europe: the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence study." British Journal of Nutrition 107, no. 5 (August 17, 2011): 755–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114511003527.
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An adequate vitamin D status is essential during childhood and adolescence, for its important role in cell growth, skeletal structure and development. It also reduces the risk of conditions such as CVD, osteoporosis, diabetes mellitus, infections and autoimmune disease. As comparable data on the European level are lacking, assessment of vitamin D concentrations was included in the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) study. Fasting blood samples were obtained from a subsample of 1006 adolescents (470 males; 46·8 %) with an age range of 12·5–17·5 years, selected in the ten HELENA cities in the nine European countries participating in this cross-sectional study, and analysed for 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25(OH)D) by ELISA using EDTA plasma. As specific reference values for adolescents are missing, percentile distribution were computed by age and sex. Median 25(OH)D levels for the whole population were 57·1 nmol/l (5th percentile 24·3 nmol/l, 95th percentile 99·05 nmol/l). Vitamin D status was classified into four groups according to international guidelines (sufficiency/optimal levels ≥ 75 nmol/l; insufficiency 50–75 nmol/l; deficiency 27·5–49·99 nmol/l and severe deficiency < 27·5 nmol/l). About 80 % of the sample had suboptimal levels (39 % had insufficient, 27 % deficient and 15 % severely deficient levels). Vitamin D concentrations increased with age (P < 0·01) and tended to decrease according to BMI. Geographical differences were also identified. Our study results indicate that vitamin D deficiency is a highly prevalent condition in European adolescents and should be a matter of concern for public health authorities.
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Hessing, M. J. C., and M. J. M. Tielen. "The effect of climatic environment and relocating and mixing on health status and productivity of pigs." Animal Science 59, no. 1 (August 1994): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100007583.
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AbstractTwo similar style experiments were carried out in a climate-controlled pig house to determine the effects of adverse climatic conditions and relocating and mixing on the health status and productivity of pigs. In both experiments, 120 pigs were used. The climate-controlled pig house consisted of two fully separated but identical rooms (experimental and control) with five pens each (12 pigs per pen). Pigs exposed to draught and low environmental temperature had lower daily gain (experiment 1: 45 g/day; experiment 2: 25 g/day) and higher food conversion (food: gain ratio) than pigs housed under optimal climatic conditions (control). Moreover, clinical disease signs (i.e. diarrhoea, coughing, sneezing and haemorrhagic ear lesions) were more pronounced in the experimental than in the control group. In experiment 1, pigs were relocated and mixed at 10 weeks of age either within or between the experimental and control room. Data showed clear negative effects on daily gain and clinical disease signs especially among pigs that were relocated to suboptimal climatic conditions. In experiment 2, pigs were either relocated and mixed between both rooms or they remained in their own pens. Data on daily gain and clinical disease signs revealed that the health of the pigs was strongly affected by mixing. Therefore, the present work emphasizes the importance of climatic environment and social factors in intensive pig production.
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Al-Bannay, Hana R., Tal Jarus, Lyn Jongbloed, and Elizabeth Dean. "Discordance between lifestyle-related health beliefs and behaviours of Saudi women in Dammam." Health Education Journal 76, no. 5 (May 3, 2017): 569–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0017896917705160.
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Objective: Women living in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia including in the Eastern Province have a high prevalence of lifestyle-related conditions for which targeted health education strategies are needed. This study’s objective was to explore their self-reported health status and the congruence of their lifestyle-related health beliefs and practices to inform health education programme development. Methods: A cross section of community-living Saudi women ( N = 407) living in Dammam (the capital of the Eastern Province) was sampled from regional health centres. Participants completed an interview survey questionnaire about their health status and their lifestyle-related health beliefs and practices. Results: In all, 44% of participants reported having an average but not excellent health. This finding was at odds with their unequivocal, evidence-supported beliefs about the positive relationship between exercise, good nutrition, not smoking and manageable stress, with health (⩾97%). Despite these strong beliefs, participants reported suboptimal levels of exercise, nutritional choices, stress and sleep quality and quantity for maximal health and wellbeing. Conclusion: Studies are warranted to explore and explain marked discrepancy between the positive health beliefs and lifestyle-related health practices of Saudi women living in Dammam, and to design effective health promotion education programmes to address this gap. Improving Saudi women’s health by narrowing the lifestyle-related health belief–practice gap may also maximise the health of families, given women’s pivotal role in managing the family, as well as individual health.
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Hong, Jia-Pei, I.-Min Lee, Sarinnapha M. Vasunilashorn, Heather J. Baer, Prangthip Charoenpong, and Chih-Hong Lee. "The Association Between Active Transportation and Serum Total 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels Among US Childbearing-Aged Women." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 19, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2021-0292.
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Background: Serum total 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) and physical activity (PA) both play important roles in maternal–fetal health. However, a high prevalence of vitamin D and PA insufficiency has been observed in women of childbearing age. Active transportation may increase overall PA levels and potentially boost serum 25(OH)D levels. Methods: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2007 and 2014 were used. A total of 5601 women aged 18–49 years were included. Transportation PA (TPA) was quantified as metabolic equivalents of task and serum 25(OH)D levels was measured. Multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders were conducted. Results: The corresponding adjusted odds ratios associated with vitamin D insufficiency (<50 nmol/L) were 1.09 (95% confidence interval, 0.87–1.37) for 1 to 499 MET minutes per week of TPA, 0.69 (0.52–0.91) for 500 to 1000 MET minutes per week of TPA, and 0.95 (0.72–1.26) for >1000 MET minutes per week of TPA, respectively, compared with no TPA. Using vitamin D deficiency (<30 nmol/L) as the outcome led to similar results. The association between TPA and serum 25(OH)D levels was more robust in high sedentary time. Conclusions: A moderate level of TPA is related to lower odds of suboptimal vitamin D status among women of childbearing age.
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Mukonzo, Jackson K., Allan Kengo, Bisaso Kutesa, Sarah Nanzigu, Anton Pohanka, Timothy D. McHugh, Alimuddin Zumla, and Eleni Aklillu. "Role of pharmacogenetics in rifampicin pharmacokinetics and the potential effect on TB–rifampicin sensitivity among Ugandan patients." Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 114, no. 2 (December 2, 2019): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/trz108.
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Abstract Background Suboptimal anti-TB drugs exposure may cause multidrug-resistant TB. The role of African predominant SLCO1B1 variant alleles on rifampicin pharmacokinetics and the subsequent effect on the occurrence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis–rifampicin sensitivity needs to be defined. We describe the rifampicin population pharmacokinetics profile and investigate the relevance of SLCO1B1 genotypes to rifampicin pharmacokinetics and rifampicin-TB sensitivity status. Methods Fifty patients with TB (n=25 with rifampicin-resistant TB and n=25 with rifampicin-susceptible TB) were genotyped for SLOC1B1 rs4149032 (g.38664C>T), SLOC1B1*1B (c.388A>G) and SLOC1B1*5 (c.521 T>C). Steady state plasma rifampicin levels were determined among patients infected with rifampicin-sensitive TB. Data were analysed using NONMEM to estimate population rifampicin pharmacokinetics as well as the effect of SLOC1B1 genotypes on rifampicin pharmacokinetics and on rifampicin-TB sensitivity status. Results Overall allele frequencies of SLOC1B1 rs4149032, *1B and *5 were 0.66, 0.90 and 0.01, respectively. Median (IQR) Cmax and Tmax were 10.2 (8.1–12.5) mg/L and 1.7 (1.125–2.218) h, respectively. Twenty-four percent of patients exhibited Cmax below the recommended 8–24 mg/L range. SLOC1B1 genotypes, gender and age did not influence rifampicin pharmacokinetics or TB-rifampicin sensitivity. Conclusions Although SLOC1B1 genotype, age and gender do not influence either rifampicin pharmacokinetics or rifampicin-TB sensitivity status, one in every four Ugandan TB patients achieve subtherapeutic plasma rifampicin concentrations.
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Dharini, Krrithvi, Timsi Jain, and Anantha Eashwar V M. "A Study on infant and young children feeding practices among mothers in Thirumazhisai, Chennai, Tamil Nadu." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL2 (April 8, 2020): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl2.2059.
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In the world, under-nutrition accounts for a large scale of infant and child mortality, one of the causes being suboptimal breastfeeding and complementary feeding. It is important that adequate nutrition have to be provided during the period of first and second year of life to prevent impaired developmental milestones and the overall health of the child since it is very common in India. The main aim of this study is to assess the knowledge and feeding practices among mothers of infants and children aged between 6 and 23 months. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a pre-tested structured questionnaire, which was developed based on (Infant and Young Children Feeding practices) IYCF, on 101 mothers of infants and children aged between 6 and 23 months in Thirumazhisai, Chennai. Among the 101 mothers interviewed, 93% of them had knowledge of early initiation of breastfeeding, but only 87.1% of the children were given breastfeeding within 1 hour of birth and exclusive breastfeeding practices were followed in 94% of the mothers. Statistical significant association was found between Exclusive breastfeeding and age< 25 years, socio-economic status and education. The prevalence of pre-lacteal feeding was 13.9%. Though there is adequate knowledge and feeding practices followed, further research is needed to quantify the gaps among the knowledge and practice of feeding practices among the study population.
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Lordan, Ronan. "Notable Developments for Vitamin D Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic, but Caution Warranted Overall: A Narrative Review." Nutrients 13, no. 3 (February 26, 2021): 740. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13030740.
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The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel contagion that has infected over 113 million people worldwide. It is responsible for the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which has cost the lives of 2.5 million people. Ergo, the global scientific community has been scrambling to repurpose or develop therapeutics to treat COVID-19. Dietary supplements and nutraceuticals are among those under consideration due to the link between nutritional status and patient outcomes. Overall, poor vitamin D status seems to be associated with an increased risk of COVID-19. Severely ill COVID-19 patients appear to be deficient or have suboptimal levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, a measure of vitamin D status. Consequently, vitamin D is now the subject of several prophylactic and therapeutic clinical trials. In this review, the general status of nutraceuticals and dietary supplements amid the pandemic is appraised, with a particular focus on vitamin D. Consumers should be aware of misinformation and unsubstantiated promises for products marketed for COVID-19 protection. However, maintaining a healthy diet and lifestyle will likely maintain health including optimum immune function that may affect patient outcomes. Those who are deficient in key nutrients such as vitamin D should consider lifestyle changes and potentially supplementation in consultation with their physician and/or registered dieticians.
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Noor, Muhammad Naveed. "The Need for an Integrated Approach to Reducing Young People’s Risk of Homelessness and HIV in Pakistan." Pakistan Journal of Public Health 10, no. 2 (February 5, 2021): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.32413/pjph.v10i2.604.
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Background: Past research demonstrated a link between homelessness and the increased risk of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). However, ways to reduce young people’s risk of homelessness and sexual health risks have not been adequately addressed. This paper, based on the first detailed sociological exploration into the lived experiences of homeless young people, argues for the adoption of a holistic and integrated approach to health promotion that goes beyond the health sector. Methods: In-depth interviews were conducted with twenty-nine homeless young people, aged 16-25-year-old, from Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Results: A combination of socio-structural and interpersonal forces shaped participants’ pathways to homelessness and their experiences of street life – notably regarding sex work – and produce contexts of competing risks where HIV/STIs prevention became a secondary concern. Participants had a reasonable knowledge regarding nature, transmission, prevention, and to some extent, treatment of HIV/STIs. Nevertheless, this knowledge did not help them much, as most of the participants used condoms inconsistently with clients and intimate partners. Financial considerations, fear of violence from clients, and social obligations in intimate partnerships contributed to participants inconsistent condom use, increasing their risk of HIV/STIs. Conclusion: The results indicate the importance of the Ottawa Charter of health promotion, which suggests that conventional health promotion approaches are potentially suboptimal in shaping health behaviours supportive of good health. Notably, building healthy public policies, creating supportive environments, strengthening community actions, developing personal skills, and reorienting health services can help to improve young people’s socioeconomic status, which is inextricably linked with sexual health behaviour and status.
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Sinai, Tali, Rachel Axelrod, Tal Shimony, Mona Boaz, and Vered Kaufman-Shriqui. "Dietary Patterns among Adolescents Are Associated with Growth, Socioeconomic Features, and Health-Related Behaviors." Foods 10, no. 12 (December 8, 2021): 3054. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10123054.
Full textAbstract:
Dietary patterns (DPs), usually established in adolescents, are important modifiable risk factors in the etiology of malnutrition and chronic diseases. This study aimed to identify DPs of adolescents and examine their associations with growth, sociodemographic, and lifestyle characteristics. A nationally representative, school-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in Israeli adolescents aged 11–18 years during 2015–2016. A self-administered survey queried sociodemographics, health behaviors, and diet. Weight and height were measured, and WHO height z-scores and BMI cutoffs were calculated. Food frequency questionnaire data were analyzed using principal components analysis (PCA) to identify DPs. Associations between growth, lifestyle, and sociodemographic characteristics and DPs were modeled using multivariable logistic regressions. A total of 3902 adolescents (46% males, mean age 15.2 ± 1.6 years) completed the survey. PCA identified five DPs, accounting for 38.3% of the total variance. The first two prominent DPs were the ‘plant-based food’ DP, which was associated with the female sex, higher socioeconomic status, overweight/obesity, and healthy lifestyle and the ‘junk food’ DP, which was associated with lower SES, unhealthy lifestyle, and lower height z-scores. Our results elucidate major DPs that strongly correlate with lifestyle risk behaviors and suboptimal growth among adolescents. Implementing screening for DPs should be further examined to identify higher risk health factors among youth.