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Yang, Chun, and Xuqi Chen. "Factors Affecting Consumers’ Purchasing of Suboptimal Foods during the COVID-19 Pandemic." Agriculture 12, no. 1 (2022): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12010099.
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Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, global food production and transportation have been largely impacted. Meanwhile, consumers have purchased and stockpiled large quantities of foods due to panic in the early stage of the pandemic, which has resulted in a lot of uneaten, expired foods and has reduced the varieties of foods available in the markets. Due to the lower prices, some consumers have chosen to buy those foods with an earlier production time or inferior quality (suboptimal foods), and the purchase rate of suboptimal foods has increased. Therefore, this study investigated consumer behavior during the pandemic as the research focus, explored the main dimensions that affect consumers’ purchasing of suboptimal foods during the COVID-19 pandemic, tested their correlations, and proposed suggestions for improvement. The results of this study showed that the impacts of Perceived Benefits on Attitude Toward Behavior, Perceived Behavioral Control, and Subject Norm rank 1st, 2nd, and 3rd in importance, respectively, which are all higher than the related impact of Environmental Concerns. For consumers, the most important thing is whether suboptimal foods have consumption motivation for them, which is also the most direct way to make consumers feel the value of suboptimal foods. Furthermore, for consumers, while the environmentally friendly attributes of suboptimal foods are less perceptible than the economic motivations, they still have considerable influence on consumers, and this is even more prominent during the COVID-19 pandemic. Many families have experienced a shock to their income during the pandemic, and consumers are more sensitive and concerned about commodity prices, which also makes lower-priced and more abundant suboptimal foods more popular. However, in the long term, suboptimal foods can have a positive impact on reducing food waste and protecting the environment. When consumers realize this, they will be more motivated to purchase and try suboptimal foods.
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Lim, See Meng, Hanbin Law, and Siew Siew Lee. "Consumers’ Quality Perception and Acceptance of Suboptimal Food: An Online Survey in Selangor and Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia." Foods 12, no. 15 (2023): 2824. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12152824.
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Suboptimal food is defined as physically imperfect food that deviates from the norm in terms of appearance without compromising its intrinsic quality or safety. Consumers’ quality perception and acceptance of suboptimal food contribute to food waste. Therefore, this study aims to explore consumers’ quality perception and acceptance of suboptimal food and the factors associated with the acceptance of suboptimal food. An online survey was conducted among 414 consumers residing in Selangor and Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, through convenience sampling. They completed an online questionnaire asking for sociodemographic information, quality perception and acceptance of suboptimal food, and information related to food waste. Only 11.4% of consumers chose suboptimal foods, with visually deviated suboptimal foods (apples with brown spots) having the lowest acceptance (9.9%). Consumers perceived suboptimal foods as unattractive and that they should be consumed quickly. Malays were less likely to accept suboptimal foods, while middle-income households were more likely to accept suboptimal foods at home. In conclusion, consumers have a low acceptance of suboptimal food, and suboptimal food was perceived as unappealing and that it should be consumed quickly. Notwithstanding the findings that emerge from this, the results may lack generalisability to the wider population as only a convenience sample was used.
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De Hooge, Ilona E., Roxanne I. van Giesen, Koen A. H. Leijsten, and Charlene S. van Herwaarden. "Increasing the Sales of Suboptimal Foods with Sustainability and Authenticity Marketing Strategies." Foods 11, no. 21 (2022): 3420. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11213420.
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To reduce food waste, it is essential to motivate consumers to purchase and consume products that deviate from optimality on the basis of only cosmetic specifications (also called suboptimal products). Previous research has shown it to be challenging to motivate consumers to buy such suboptimal products. Sustainability or authenticity positioning of suboptimal products may be a promising avenue, but no research to date has examined their effects on consumer behaviour. The current research examines whether sustainability and/or authenticity positioning increase the sales of suboptimal products and whether these strategies increase suboptimal product perceptions up to the level of optimal products. Two field experiments examined whether sustainability and authenticity positioning could increase the sales of suboptimal products in two settings: a daily market and a supermarket. They reveal that both types of positioning can increase the sales of suboptimal products. Moreover, in an online experiment, consumers were presented with suboptimal and optimal products with sustainability, authenticity, information, or no positioning, and consumers indicated their perceptions of and purchase intentions for suboptimal and optimal products. It demonstrates that the strategies motivate consumers to perceive suboptimal products as more similar to optimal products and can increase purchase intentions for suboptimal products. Together, these findings suggest that sustainability and authenticity positioning of suboptimal products can support the fight against food waste.
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Vlassopoulos, Antonis, Alexandra Katidi, Stamoulis Noutsos, and Maria Kapsokefalou. "Precision Food Composition Data as a Tool to Decipher the Riddle of Ultra-Processed Foods and Nutritional Quality." Foods 13, no. 8 (2024): 1259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods13081259.
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Background: Epidemiology supports a link between ultra-processed foods (UPFs) and health, mediated mainly through the clustering of foods with suboptimal nutrient profiles within UPFs. However, successful NOVA categorization requires access to a food’s ingredient list, which we hypothesized can impact both UPF identification and the link between processing and composition. Methods: Foods (n = 4851) in the HelTH branded food composition database were classified as NOVA1-4, with or without using the ingredient lists (generic and branded approach, respectively), to identify differences in NOVA classification (chi-square test) and the estimated average nutritional composition of each NOVA group (Kruskal–Willis U test). Results: Using the ingredients list increased UPF identification by 30%. More than 30% of foods commonly assumed to be minimally processed (NOVA1-plain dairy, frozen vegetables, etc.) were reclassified as UPFs when using ingredient lists. These reclassified foods, however, had nutritional compositions comparable to NOVA1 foods and better than UPFs for energy, fat, sugars, and sodium (p < 0.001). In fact, UPFs did not show a uniform nutritional composition covering foods from Nutri-Score A (~10%) to Nutri-Score E (~20%). Conclusions: The assumption that all UPFs have the same unfavorable nutritional composition is challenged when NOVA is applied using the appropriate branded food composition database.
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Giménez, Ana, Jessica Aschemann-Witzel, and Gastón Ares. "Exploring barriers to consuming suboptimal foods: A consumer perspective." Food Research International 141 (March 2021): 110106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110106.
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Storey, Kate E., Laura E. Forbes, Shawn N. Fraser, et al. "Diet quality, nutrition and physical activity among adolescents: the Web-SPAN (Web-Survey of Physical Activity and Nutrition) project." Public Health Nutrition 12, no. 11 (2009): 2009–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980009990292.
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AbstractObjectiveTo assess the overall diet quality of a sample of adolescents living in Alberta, Canada, and evaluate whether diet quality, nutrient intakes, meal behaviours (i.e. meal skipping and consuming meals away from home) and physical activity are related.DesignA cross-sectional study design. Students completed the self-administered Web-Survey of Physical Activity and Nutrition (Web-SPAN). Students were classified as having poor, average or superior diet quality based on Canada’s Food Guide to Healthy Eating (CFGHE).SettingOne hundred and thirty-six schools (37 %) within forty-four public and private school boards (75 %) in Alberta, Canada.SubjectsGrade 7 to 10 Alberta students (n4936) participated in the school-based research.ResultsOn average, students met macronutrient requirements; however, micronutrient and fibre intakes were suboptimal. Median CFGHE food group intakes were below recommendations. Those with poor diet quality (42 %) had lower intakes of protein, fibre and low-calorie beverages; higher intakes of carbohydrates, fat and Other Foods (e.g. foods containing mostly sugar, high-salt/fat foods, high-calorie beverages, low-calorie beverages and high-sugar/fat foods); a lower frequency of consuming breakfast and a higher frequency of consuming meals away from home; and a lower level of physical activity when compared with students with either average or superior diet quality.ConclusionsAlberta adolescents were not meeting minimum CFGHE recommendations, and thus had suboptimal intakes and poor diet quality. Suboptimal nutritional intakes, meal behaviours and physical inactivity were all related to poor diet quality and reflect the need to target these health behaviours in order to improve diet quality and overall health and wellness.
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Ostojic, Sergej. "Nutritional Profiles of U.S. Adults With Suboptimal Dietary Creatine Intake." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (2021): 1076. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab053_069.
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Abstract Objectives We determined the prevalence of inadequate dietary intake of creatine and described nutritional profiles of individuals with low creatine intake in U.S. adults using data from the 2017–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) round. Methods Data for this study were obtained from the latest round of NHANES 2017–2018. Detailed dietary intake information from adult NHANES participants was obtained by dietary interview component through two 24-hour dietary recall interviews. To calculate creatine intake, we first identified meat-based protein foods using 8-digit USDA food codes organized in five database subgroups using dietary interview entry for individual foods. Next, we recorded the gram weight of each food/individual component containing meat-based protein, and calculated the net intake of meat-based protein for each respondent by merging all relevant food items on daily basis. Individual values for total grams of creatine consumed per day for each respondent were computed using the average amount of creatine (3.88 g/kg) across all sources of meat-based protein. A threshold for dietary intake of creatine was set at 1.00 gram per day, with respondents were classified into two subpopulations with the suboptimal intake of creatine (&lt;1.00 g/day) or recommended intake (dietary creatine ³ 1.00 g/day). Results Among 4,004 NHANES adult participants that reported detailed dietary intake information, 2,611 (65.2%) were calculated to have dietary creatine intake below recommended levels of 1.00 g/day. The average daily creatine intake in this subpopulation was 0.52 ± 0.26 g (95% confidence interval, from 0.51 to 0.53). This was accompanied by a significantly lower dietary intake of meat-based protein, as compared to participants whose dietary creatine intake was equal to or above recommended levels (20.1 ± 10.2 g/day vs. 67.1 ± 30.4 g/day; P &lt; 0.001). Conclusions The large-scale rate of suboptimal dietary creatine intake found in this cross-sectional study warrants additional research, and calls for immediate public health measures fostering creatine-rich foods in human nutrition. Funding Sources None.
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Waode, Dea Astria, Herdiansyah Herdis, and Setiawati Tumuyu Sri. "Knowledge, attitude and behavior on utilizing suboptimal food related public health." International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) 12, no. 2 (2023): 716~725. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v12i2.22451.
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Offering food products at lower prices approaching the expiration date, referred to as suboptimal food products, is considered to be able to encourage purchasing considerations by the public. It is based on knowledge of purchasing price-reduced food products by the public and the potential waste in the community focused. The study aimed to contribute to the evaluation of whether offering suboptimal foods at a lower price will reduce food waste in the supply chain. This study analyzes public knowledge, attitudes, and behavior toward suboptimal product price offers in retail stores. The research was conducted in three retail stores in Depok City by exploring research questions involving 274 retail store customers who were analyzed based on a questionnaire. The approach used is a quantitative approach with multiple linear analysis methods using SPSS software. The findings show that public knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors influence suboptimal product price offers in retail stores. This research is expected to be an effective solution to overcome excess food, which leads to food waste at the retail level in sustainable food management.
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Lakicevic, B., D. De Biase, B. Velebit, et al. "Stress survival islets contribute to clonal and serotype-specific differences in L. monocytogenes." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 854, no. 1 (2021): 012050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/854/1/012050.
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Abstract Listeria monocytogenes is an important opportunistic foodborne pathogen causing listeriosis, an often fatal infection leading to meningitis, sepsis, or infection of the fetus and abortion in susceptible individuals. Diverse ready-to-eat food (RTE) like dairy, meat, fish, vegetables, and complex foods are often linked with listeriosis outbreaks. L. monocytogenes is capable of surviving in stressful environmental conditions and grow in refrigerated foods. Regarding stress-related genes, SSI-1 contributes to the survival of cells under suboptimal conditions, such as high salt content and acidic environment. At the same time, SSI-2 is responsible for persistence under alkaline and oxidative stresses.
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Huber, Thomas L., Dorothy P. Laflamme, Linda Medleau, Karen M. Comer, and Pauline M. Rakich. "Comparison of procedures for assessing adequacy of dog foods." Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 199, no. 6 (1991): 731–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.1991.199.06.731.
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Summary Dog foods with similar claims for nutritional adequacy were tested by chemical analysis and the American Association of Feed Control Officials’ growth trial. All foods tested were similar chemically, however, dogs given one regionally marketed food had lower growth rate and food efficiency as well as suboptimal pcv and hemoglobin values during the growth trial. Pups fed this diet also had clinical signs typical of zinc and copper deficiencies. We concluded that American Association of Feed Control Officials’ approved feeding tests provide valid assessment of pet food quality, and procedures involving only chemical analysis or calculated values may not.
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Astria, Waode Dea, Herdis Herdiansyah, and Sri Setiawati Tumuyu. "Knowledge, attitude and behavior on utilizing suboptimal food related public health." International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) 12, no. 2 (2023): 716. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v12i2.22451.
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Offering food products at lower prices approaching the expiration date, referred to as suboptimal food products, is considered to be able to encourage purchasing considerations by the public. It is based on knowledge of purchasing price-reduced food products by the public and the potential waste in the community focused. The study aimed to contribute to the evaluation of whether offering suboptimal foods at a lower price will reduce food waste in the supply chain. This study analyzes public knowledge, attitudes, and behavior toward suboptimal product price offers in retail stores. The research was conducted in three retail stores in Depok City by exploring research questions involving 274 retail store customers who were analyzed based on a questionnaire. The approach used is a quantitative approach with multiple linear analysis methods using SPSS software. The findings show that public knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors influence suboptimal product price offers in retail stores. This research is expected to be an effective solution to overcome excess food, which leads to food waste at the retail level in sustainable food management.
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Aschemann-Witzel, Jessica, Tobias Otterbring, Ilona E. de Hooge, et al. "The who, where and why of choosing suboptimal foods: Consequences for tackling food waste in store." Journal of Cleaner Production 236 (November 2019): 117596. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.07.071.
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Horlacher, Nicholas, Indrawati Oey, and Dominic Agyei. "Learning from Tradition: Health-Promoting Potential of Traditional Lactic Acid Fermentation to Drive Innovation in Fermented Plant-Based Dairy Alternatives." Fermentation 9, no. 5 (2023): 452. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9050452.
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Food fermentation using lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is an ancient technique that has been deemed a simple and economical way to modify nutritional contents of plant-based foods. In many cultures, this practice shows a long history with a wide variety of fermented liquid and semi-liquid traditional foods being produced from cereals, legumes, and tubers. Nutritionally relevant benefits of the fermentation process are becoming increasingly evident and can be linked to the accumulation of bioactive compounds (exopolysaccharides, short-chain fatty acids, bioactive peptides), degradation of antinutritional factors, and improved bioavailability of essential nutrients (amino acids, minerals, vitamins). This manuscript discusses the current understanding on the impact of LAB fermentation on plant macro- and micronutrients in traditionally fermented foods and how this knowledge could aid to drive innovation in the emerging research and development (R&D) sector of plant-based dairy alternatives. Key-points include that the improved health-promoting properties and rich sensory appeal found in traditional foods results from a low and slow fermentation (prolonged fermentation time at suboptimal temperatures), which depends on the complex interplay of mixed microbial cultures found in such foods.
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Rønnow Schacht, Simon, Mads Vendelbo Lind, Rasmus Bechshøft, et al. "Investigating Risk of Suboptimal Macro and Micronutrient Intake and Their Determinants in Older Danish Adults with Specific Focus on Protein Intake—A Cross-Sectional Study." Nutrients 11, no. 4 (2019): 795. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11040795.
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Suboptimal intake of nutrients is associated with adverse health outcomes. The current study investigated the risk of suboptimal macro and micronutrient intake and their potential determinants in a cross-sectional study of community-dwelling older Danish adults (65–81 years). Nutrient intake was obtained through a 3-day weighted dietary record and information on personal characteristics and attitudes towards specific foods and dietary habits and nutrition through questionnaires. Dietary Reference Values (DRV) from the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations were used for the assessment. Among 157 participants, 68% and 66% had risk of suboptimal intake of dietary fiber and saturated fatty acids (SFA). For mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), the numbers were 47% and 62%, respectively. Increased risk of suboptimal protein intake was estimated in 3 to 45% of the participants, depending on the criteria used for the DRV and of the mode of expressing protein intake. Fifty percent had intakes of alcohol above the maximum recommended intake. Risk of micronutrient inadequacy was particularly high for vitamin D and thiamine (80 and 45%, respectively). Total energy intake and attitude regarding healthy eating were associated with lower nutrient intake. The current study illustrates that there is room for improvements in the dietary quality of community dwelling older Danish adults.
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Herawati, Ita, Lita Lutfiah, Nur’aini Djulkiyyah Rahmawati, et al. "Effect of Consuming Papaya Leaves, Almond Milk, Green Beans, Moringa Leaves, Ajwa Dates, Soy Milk, and Fennel Leaves on Breast Milk Production in Postpartum Mothers." Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA 10, no. 12 (2024): 10692–98. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i12.8967.
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Exclusive breastfeeding rates are often low due to suboptimal breast milk production, which impedes infants' nutritional needs. This issue is frequently attributed to poor maternal nutrition, unbalanced diets, and irregular food consumption. Breast milk production relies on hormonal changes, notably the dominance of prolactin over progesterone and estrogen during childbirth. To address this, a study was conducted to evaluate the impact of specific foods boiled papaya leaves, almond milk, green beans, moringa leaves, ajwa dates, soy milk, and fennel leaves—on breast milk production. Employing a quasi-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest approach, the study involved 56 postpartum mothers whose milk production was substandard. These participants were selected in March 2023 using purposive non-probability sampling. A paired t-test was performed for bivariate analysis. Results indicated a significant improvement in milk production, with a p-value of 0.000, demonstrating that the consumption of these foods positively affects lactation. Consequently, it is recommended that breastfeeding mothers incorporate these foods into their diet to enhance milk production and support exclusive breastfeeding. Regular consumption of these specific foods can help meet infants' nutritional needs more effectively.
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Huang, Wen-Shin, Hung-Yu Kuo, Shi-Yuan Tung, and Han-Shen Chen. "Assessing Consumer Preferences for Suboptimal Food: Application of a Choice Experiment in Citrus Fruit Retail." Foods 10, no. 1 (2020): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10010015.
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Amid the trend of sustainable development, reducing food waste is a global concern and campaigns to reduce food waste have been launched. For example, the term “food sharing” has originated from Germany and promotes sharing food instead of wasting. “The Guerilla Kitchen”, which originated from Netherlands, is an organization that also promotes avoiding wasting food. Consequently, more and more people are paying attention on this issue and we think it is necessary to understand people’s acceptance of suboptimal food, as discarded suboptimal food represents a significant proportion of food waste. Additionally, at least one-third of the food globally produced each year is classified as suboptimal and cannot be sold in the market because of a poor appearance, damaged packaging, or near expiration date, thus presenting challenges for environmental, social, and economic sustainability. Previous studies on suboptimal food have focused more on appearances and packaging dates and less on investigating traceable agricultural and price discounts, which is where food classified as suboptimal entails a discount. Moreover, citrus product attributes such as appearance, size, freshness indicators, traceable agricultural products, and price discounts were determined in terms of consumer preference through pre-measurement here, then using a choice experiment method to clarify which attributes consumers care about most (N = 485 respondents). Conditional logistic regression and a random parameter logit model (RPL) are employed to examine the various properties of a marginal willingness to pay (WTP). RPL was also used to deduce the respondents’ choices based on differences in appearance and freshness indicator. The results showed that consumers place greater emphasis on the freshness indicators (harvesting/packaging date labels) and appearance of suboptimal citrus fruits but do not focus on the size. Consumers are willing to purchase citrus fruit with a flawed appearance, although the price needs to be reduced from the original price. Although suboptimal food does not reduce health, people may still not buy it and this result in food wastage. As a result, it is essential to increase awareness regarding suboptimal foods and reduce food waste to support sustainable development.
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Nikkhah, Akbar. "Can Chrono-Nutrition Help Prevent Diabetes?" Diabetes and Islet Biology 5, no. 1 (2022): 01–02. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2641-8975/031.
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This editorial aimed to put forward a question if chrono-nutrition can help prevent diabetes through optimizing circadian rhythms of glucose metabolism. With the advancing mechanization, eating behavior (timing, sequence, and frequency) has changed. People are now more willing to eat fast foods at suboptimal times of the circadian period. Growing evidence suggests that untimely eating and lack of exercise can interfere with optimal physiological rhythms of glucose and insulin metabolism that can lead to diabetes. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a foremost metabolic disorder worldwide occurring largely due to suboptimal eating timing and lifestyle. Consuming less sugars and carbohydrates during evening and overnight may help optimize human chrono-physiology. Chrono-nutrition via optimizing the timing of meals is a growing science that needs to be well practiced to help prevent or possibly reduce risks of T2D in today’s complicated life.
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Bech-Larsen, Tino, Jessica Ascheman-Witzel, and Viktorija Kulikovskaja. "Re-distribution and promotion practices for suboptimal foods – commercial and social initiatives for the reduction of food waste." Society and Business Review 14, no. 2 (2019): 186–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sbr-11-2017-0094.
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Purpose The increased acknowledgement of the problems associated with food waste has triggered a number of social and commercial initiatives for the re-distribution of suboptimal foods (SOFs). This paper aims to explore a variety of such initiatives and discuss their prospects, considering the commercial contingencies of the food supply system. Design/methodology/approach The exploration is based on a multi-country study of cases representing three initiatives related to the reduction of waste from SOFs, i.e. social supermarkets (SSMs), food banks and expiration date-based pricing practices. The collected data comprise expert interviews, store-check observations and secondary material; the data are analyzed from a marketing practice perspective. Findings The analyses indicate that the distribution and re-distribution of SOFs are moving toward normalization, that the diffusion of expiration date-based pricing through all food retailing formats is likely to continue, that food banks – despite reports of dwindling supplies of SOFs – are likely to increase their expansion and that SSMs face a variety of challenges, e.g. as regards their supply of SOFs and their customers’ preferences for stable assortments. Originality/value By synthesizing data from various European implementations of re-distribution practices, this article contributes to the understanding of the viability of such practices. Developing this understanding should benefit social and commercial entrepreneurs, as well as policymakers, when designing and implementing initiatives for the reduction of waste from SOFs.
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Aschemann-Witzel, Jessica, Jacob Haagen Jensen, Mette Hyldetoft Jensen, and Viktorija Kulikovskaja. "Consumer behaviour towards price-reduced suboptimal foods in the supermarket and the relation to food waste in households." Appetite 116 (September 2017): 246–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2017.05.013.
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de Pee, Saskia, and Martin W. Bloem. "Current and Potential Role of Specially Formulated Foods and Food Supplements for Preventing Malnutrition among 6- to 23-Month-Old Children and for Treating Moderate Malnutrition among 6- to 59-Month-Old Children." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 30, no. 3_suppl3 (2009): S434—S463. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15648265090303s305.
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Reducing child malnutrition requires nutritious food, breastfeeding, improved hygiene, health services, and (prenatal) care. Poverty and food insecurity seriously constrain the accessibility of nutritious diets that have high protein quality, adequate micronutrient content and bioavailability, macrominerals and essential fatty acids, low antinutrient content, and high nutrient density. Diets based largely on plant sources with few animal-source and fortified foods do not meet these requirements and need to be improved by processing (dehulling, germinating, fermenting), fortification, and adding animal-source foods, e.g., milk, or other specific nutrients. Options include using specially formulated foods (fortified blended foods, commercial infant cereals, or ready-to-use foods [RUFs; pastes, compressed bars, or biscuits]) or complementary food supplements (micronutrient powders or powdered complementary food supplements containing micronutrients, protein, amino acids, and/or enzymes or lipid-based nutrient supplements (120 to 250 kcal/day), typically containing milk powder, high-quality vegetable oil, peanut paste, sugar, and micronutrients. Most supplementary feeding programs for moderately malnourished children supply fortified blended foods, such as corn–soy blend, with oil and sugar, which have shortcomings, including too many antinutrients, no milk (important for growth), suboptimal micronutrient content, high bulk, and high viscosity. Thus, for feeding young or malnourished children, fortified blended foods need to be improved or replaced. Based on success with ready-to-use therapeutic foods (RUTFs) for treating severe acute malnutrition, modifying these recipes is also considered. Commodities for reducing child malnutrition should be chosen on the basis of nutritional needs, program circumstances, availability of commodities, and likelihood of impact. Data are urgently required to compare the impact of new or modified commodities with that of current fortified blended foods and of RUTF developed for treating severe acute malnutrition.
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Ostojic, Sergej M. "Nutritional Profiles of US Adults with Suboptimal Dietary Creatine Intake." Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 77, no. 3 (2021): 154–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000515916.
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<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Recent population-based studies reported an inadequate dietary intake of creatine, a conditionally essential nutrient that plays an important role in human metabolism. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We analyzed here the nutritional profiles of US adults with low creatine consumption, using data from the 2017 to 2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). <b><i>Results:</i></b> Among 4,004 NHANES adult participants that reported detailed dietary intake information, 2,611 (65.2%) were calculated to have dietary creatine intake below recommended levels of 1.00 g/day. The average daily creatine intake in this subpopulation was 0.52 ± 0.26 g (95% confidence interval, from 0.51 to 0.53). This was accompanied by a significantly lower dietary intake of meat-based protein, as compared to participants whose dietary creatine intake was equal to or above recommended levels (20.1 ± 10.2 g/day vs. 67.1 ± 30.4 g/day; <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The large-scale rate of suboptimal dietary creatine intake found in this cross-sectional study warrants additional research, and calls for immediate public health measures fostering creatine-rich foods in human nutrition.
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Gracia, Azucena, and Miguel I. Gómez. "Food Sustainability and Waste Reduction in Spain: Consumer Preferences for Local, Suboptimal, And/Or Unwashed Fresh Food Products." Sustainability 12, no. 10 (2020): 4148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12104148.
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Improving food sustainability and reducing food waste are among the top challenges for achieving global sustainable development. In particular, changes towards more sustainable consumption are of vital importance in creating a more sustainable world. To shed light on these issues, we analyze to what extent and how consumers’ food preferences move towards more sustainable behavior. We assess the importance consumers attach to the following critical sustainable attributes of food related to food waste: (i) “Visual imperfections”, (ii) “washed/unwashed”, (iii) “size”, (iv) “locally produced”, and (v) “price”. We hypothesize that consumer preferences for these attributes are heterogeneous. Therefore, we segmented consumers into homogenous groups according to preferences for these sustainability attributes. To do this, we employed a direct ranking preference method using data gathered in an experiment conducted with consumers living in a mid-sized town in the northeast of Spain in 2018. The results suggest a high degree of consumer heterogeneity, and we identified four clusters according to the importance consumers attach to these attributes. The results are encouraging for the promotion of sustainability because different groups of consumers might prefer to purchase food products with different sustainable characteristics, such as locally grown, foods with visual imperfections, and minimally processed foods.
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Apeh, Daniel, Abdur Bello, Keleojo Apeh, and Sunday Yomi. "Comprehensive Review of Mycotoxin Exposure in Nigerian Infants: Biomarker Analysis and Baby Food Contamination." Confluence University Journal of Science and Technology 1, no. 2 (2024): 92. https://doi.org/10.5455/cujostech.241010.
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Toxic fungal metabolites called mycotoxins threaten the health of infants and young children in Nigeria, as in many other parts of the world, where dietary staples and baby foods are frequently contaminated due to conducive climatic conditions and suboptimal agricultural practices. This review synthesizes experimental and epidemiological evidence of early-age exposure to mycotoxins, focusing on studies that utilized biomarkers in body fluids (urine, blood, breast milk) and reported contamination in baby foods or formulas in Nigeria. Aflatoxins (AFs), fumonisins (FBs), ochratoxin A (OTA), deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEN), and citrinin (CIT) emerged as prevalent contaminants, detected at levels exceeding international safety thresholds. Biomarker analyses reveal chronic exposure through breast milk and complementary foods, with urinary and blood markers indicating intake beyond tolerable limits. Contaminated baby foods, including maize-based ogi and industrially processed tom brown, amplify exposure risks. The implications for child development are severe, with aflatoxins linked to stunting, fumonisins to neural deficits, and OTA to potential renal damage. Multi-mycotoxin exposure may synergistically worsen physical growth retardation and mental development delays, compounded by Nigeria’s socioeconomic challenges. This review highlights the urgent need for enhanced regulatory oversight, improved food storage practices, and expanded biomonitoring to protect vulnerable populations. Longitudinal studies are recommended to elucidate long-term developmental impacts and inform evidence-based interventions.
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Nikkhah, Akbar. "Can Running through Chrono-Nutrition Help Prevent Diabesity?" Diabetes & Obesity International Journal 7, no. 3 (2022): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/doij-16000257.
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This perspective article aimed to develop and propose a question if running through chrono-nutrition can help prevent diabetes and obesity (diabesity) by optimizing circadian rhythms of glucose metabolism. With the advancing mechanization, eating behavior (timing, sequence, and frequency) has significantly changed. People are now more willing to eat fast foods at suboptimal times of the circadian period. Growing evidence suggests that untimely eating and lack of adequate exercise can interfere with optimal physiological rhythms of glucose and insulin metabolism that can lead to diabesity. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a foremost metabolic disorder worldwide occurring largely due to suboptimal eating timing and lifestyle. Consuming less sugars and carbohydrates during evening and overnight may help optimize human chrono-physiology. Chrononutrition via optimizing the timing of meals is a growing science that needs to be well elucidated and practiced to help prevent or possibly reduce risks of T2D and obesity in today’s complicated life.
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Kulkarni, Bharati. "Addressing the Double Burden of Malnutrition in Developing Countries: Need for Strategies to Improve the Lean Body Mass." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 39, no. 2_suppl (2018): S69—S76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0379572118768572.
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The double burden of childhood undernutrition and adult-onset adiposity-related chronic diseases is a key concern in many developing countries that are currently undergoing epidemiological and nutrition transition. Impaired linear growth with suboptimal lean body mass development seems to be the link between these 2 seemingly contrasting forms of malnutrition. Studies assessing the role of early nutrition in the later lean body mass development have shown consistent positive association. In addition, the nutrition during life course, especially the dietary intake of protein, zinc, calcium, and vitamin D status, impacts the lean body mass. Promoting increased intake of these important nutrients throughout life course would, therefore, be important for optimal development and maintenance of lean body mass. Diversified diets with increased consumption of nutrient-rich foods, especially milk and other animal source foods, are crucial for the development of optimal body composition and alleviation of the double burden of malnutrition.
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Storey, Kate E., Rhona M. Hanning, Irene A. Lambraki, Pete Driezen, Shawn N. Fraser, and Linda J. McCargar. "Determinants of Diet Quality Among Canadian Adolescents." Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research 70, no. 2 (2009): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3148/70.2.2009.58.
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Purpose: Dietary intakes and nutrition behaviours were examined among different diet quality groups of Canadian adolescents. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 2850 Alberta and Ontario adolescents aged 14 to 17, who completed a self-administered web-based survey that examined nutrient intakes andmeal behaviours (meal frequency andmeal consumption away from home). Results:Meanmacronutrient intakes were within Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges; however,micronutrient intakes andmedian food group intakes were below recommendations based on Canada's Food Guide to Healthy Eating (CFGHE). Overall diet quality indicated that 43%, 47%, and 10%of students had poor, average, and superior diet quality, respectively. Adolescents with lower diet quality had significantly different intakes of macronutrients and CFGHE-defined “other foods.” In terms of diet quality determinants, those with poor diet quality had higher frequencies of suboptimalmeal behaviours. Students with poor diet quality consumed breakfast and lunch less frequently than did those with average and superior diet quality. Conclusions: Canadian adolescents have low intakes of CFGHE-recommended foods and high intakes of “other foods.” Those with poor diet quality had suboptimal macronutrient intakes and increased meal skipping and meal consumption away from home. Adherence to CFGHE may promote optimal dietary intakes and improve nutritional behaviours.
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Harrison, Leila, Zahra Padhani, Rehana Salam, et al. "Dietary Strategies for Complementary Feeding between 6 and 24 Months of Age: The Evidence." Nutrients 15, no. 13 (2023): 3041. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15133041.
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Suboptimal complementary feeding practices remain highly prevent. This review aims to comprehensively synthesize new emerging evidence on a set of topics related to the selection and consumption of complementary foods. We synthesized evidence related to five key topics focused on nutritional interventions that target the complementary feeding period, based on four systematic reviews that include updated evidence to February 2022. While there have been many studies examining interventions during the complementary feeding period, there is an overall lack of relevant information through which to draw conclusions on the ideal feeding schedule by food type. Similarly, few studies have examined the effects of animal milk versus infant formula for non-breastfed infants (6–11 months), though those that did found a greater risk of anemia among infants who were provided cow’s milk. This review highlights a number of interventions that are successful at improving micronutrient status and anthropometry during the complementary feeding period, including fortified blended foods, locally and commercially produced supplementary foods, and small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements. Complementary feeding education for caregivers can also be used to improve nutrition outcomes among infants in both food secure and insecure populations.
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Helmert, Jens R., Claudia Symmank, Sebastian Pannasch, and Harald Rohm. "Have an eye on the buckled cucumber: An eye tracking study on visually suboptimal foods." Food Quality and Preference 60 (September 2017): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2017.03.009.
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Coulibaly, Gnelle Assita, Audrey Herbert Yepie, Naty Tadiogo Kone, Anin L. Anin-Atchibri, and Adjehi Dadie. "Evaluation of Infant Feeding Practices from 0 to 9 Months: A Case Study of General Hospitals in Bonoua and Dabou, Côte d'Ivoire." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 18, no. 3 (2024): 1021–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v18i3.24.
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The dietary regimen of infants during their first nine months is crucial for their growth and development, yet it often reveals suboptimal practices. A prospective descriptive study was conducted to evaluate the feeding practices of 120 infants aged 0 to 9 months. This study took place over a 7-month period in the general hospitals of Bonoua and Dabou. Socio-demographic characteristics, breastfeeding practices, and infant dietary diversification were determined using a questionnaire. The results indicated that the majority of infants were male 50.8%, delivered vaginally, and had a normal birth weight. Early breastfeeding initiation was observed in only 13.3% of infants, attributed to factors like mother-infant separation and cleaning 32.5%, infant sleepiness 27.5%, and maternal milk absence 15.8%. Moreover, over half of the mothers 55% were unaware of the importance of colostrum. Exclusive breastfeeding was practiced by merely 24.2% of mothers. Introduction of complementary foods began before 6 months in 65.8% of cases, with 44.1% starting before 4 months. Foods introduced early included water, fruits, industrial cereals, and "Anagobaka." Foods introduced later comprised vegetables, fruits, potatoes, starches, fish, eggs, meat, dairy products, and fats. In conclusion, awareness campaigns are essential to improve infant feeding practices in the cities of Dabou and Bonoua.
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Aschemann-Witzel, Jessica, Ana Giménez, and Gastón Ares. "Suboptimal food, careless store? Consumer’s associations with stores selling foods with imperfections to counter food waste in the context of an emerging retail market." Journal of Cleaner Production 262 (July 2020): 121252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121252.
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Tsalis, George. "What’s the deal? Consumer price involvement and the intention to purchase suboptimal foods. A cross-national study." Food Quality and Preference 79 (January 2020): 103747. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2019.103747.
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McLean, Neve H., Jillian J. Haszard, Lisa Daniels, et al. "Baby Food Pouches, Baby-Led Weaning, and Iron Status in New Zealand Infants: An Observational Study." Nutrients 16, no. 10 (2024): 1494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu16101494.
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Iron deficiency in infants can impact development, and there are concerns that the use of baby food pouches and baby-led weaning may impair iron status. First Foods New Zealand (FFNZ) was an observational study of 625 New Zealand infants aged 6.9 to 10.1 months. Feeding methods were defined based on parental reports of infant feeding at “around 6 months of age”: “frequent” baby food pouch use (five+ times per week) and “full baby-led weaning” (the infant primarily self-feeds). Iron status was assessed using a venepuncture blood sample. The estimated prevalence of suboptimal iron status was 23%, but neither feeding method significantly predicted body iron concentrations nor the odds of iron sufficiency after controlling for potential confounding factors including infant formula intake. Adjusted ORs for iron sufficiency were 1.50 (95% CI: 0.67–3.39) for frequent pouch users compared to non-pouch users and 0.91 (95% CI: 0.45–1.87) for baby-led weaning compared to traditional spoon-feeding. Contrary to concerns, there was no evidence that baby food pouch use or baby-led weaning, as currently practiced in New Zealand, were associated with poorer iron status in this age group. However, notable levels of suboptimal iron status, regardless of the feeding method, emphasise the ongoing need for paying attention to infant iron nutrition.
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HUDSON, J. A., C. BILLINGTON, G. CAREY-SMITH, and G. GREENING. "Bacteriophages as Biocontrol Agents in Food." Journal of Food Protection 68, no. 2 (2005): 426–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-68.2.426.
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Bacteriophages possess attributes that appear to be attractive to those searching for novel ways to control foodborne pathogens and spoilage organisms. These phages have a history of safe use, can be highly host specific, and replicate in the presence of a host. Campylobacter, Salmonella, and Listeria monocytogenes and various spoilage organisms have responded to phage control on some foods. However, the use of phages as biocontrol agents is complicated by factors such as an apparent requirement for a threshold level of host before replication can proceed and by suboptimal performance, at best, at temperatures beneath the optimum for the host. This review is a summary of the information on these issues and includes brief descriptions of alternative phage-based strategies for control of foodborne pathogens.
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Nguyen, Hoa T., Edward A. Frongillo, Christine E. Blake, Cheri J. Shapiro, and Amy L. Frith. "Earlier and Concurrent Food Insecurity Are Associated with Suboptimal Parenting in Early Childhood." Journal of Nutrition 150, no. 6 (2020): 1590–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxaa073.
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ABSTRACT Background Food insecurity (FI) is associated with poor health, suboptimal nutrition, and disadvantaged linguistic, social, and academic development for children. Given the prominent role that parents play in children's development, FI may be associated with parenting practices. Objectives We aimed to understand how FI and its change over time relate to parenting in early childhood. Methods Data were from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study–Birth Cohort: parental interviews and child assessments at 9 mo and 2, 4, and 5 y old. Dependent variables were parenting practices in years 2, 4, and 5 in parent–child interaction, discipline, rules, and routines in general and food-related settings. Stratified by gender, parenting outcomes were regressed on earlier FI and child, parent, and contextual covariates, then additionally regressed on concurrent FI, using models with full-information-maximum-likelihood and cluster control. Results Earlier FI was associated with harsh discipline (girls, year 5: β1 = 0.0811, P &lt; 0.05) and frequent evening meals at a regular time (girls and boys, years 2 and 4), before adding concurrent FI. Accounting for earlier FI and covariates, concurrent FI was associated with harsh discipline (girls, years 2 and 4: β2 = 0.0489 and 0.0705, P &lt; 0.05; boys, year 2: β2 = 0.0584, P &lt; 0.05), rules about foods (girls, year 4), frequent evening meals as a family (girls, years 2 and 4), and frequent evening meals at a regular time (girls, years 2 and 4; boys, year 2); earlier FI remained associated with harsh discipline (girls, year 5) and frequent evening meals at a regular time (girls, years 2 and 4; boys, year 4). Conclusions FI was linked with suboptimal parenting practices in structuring a general and food-related living environment, particularly for girls and by the age of 5 y.
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Fletcher, Reginald J., Ian P. Bell, and Janet P. Lambert. "Public health aspects of food fortification: a question of balance." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 63, no. 4 (2004): 605–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/pns2004391.
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Micronutrient malnutrition is widespread throughout the world, with important health and economic consequences. Tools to address this situation include food fortification, supplementation and dietary diversification, each having different and complementary roles. Fortification (mandatory and voluntary) has been practised over several decades in Western countries as well as in developing countries. Iodised salt was introduced in the USA in 1924 to reduce severe I deficiency. In 1938 voluntary enrichment of flours and breads with niacin and Fe was initiated to reduce the incidence of pellagra and Fe-deficiency anaemia respectively. Micronutrient intakes in European countries appear to be generally adequate for most nutrients. However, a number of population subgroups are at higher risk of suboptimal intakes (below the lower reference nutrient intake) for some micronutrients, e.g. folate, Fe, Zn and Ca in children, adolescents and young women. Dietary surveys indicate that fortified foods play a role in mitigating such risks for several important nutrients. The number of foods suited to fortification are considerably limited by several factors, including technological properties (notably moisture, pH and O2permeability), leading to unacceptable taste and appearance, as well as cost and consumer expectations. In countries in which voluntary fortification is widely practised micronutrient intakes are considerably below tolerable upper intake levels. Concerns about safety are addressed in relation to the potentially increased level or proportion of fortified foods (e.g. following potential EU legislation), for nutrients with relatively low tolerable upper intake levels and where the potential benefit and risks are in different subpopulations (e.g. folic acid). Recent models for assessing these issues are discussed.
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Montalmant, Keisha E., Nargiz Seyidova, Olachi Oleru, et al. "Impact of High Food Swamp Scores on Breast Reduction Outcomes." Annals of Plastic Surgery 94, no. 4S (2025): S177—S183. https://doi.org/10.1097/sap.0000000000004210.
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Introduction “Food swamps” are areas with a high density of fast-food restaurants (unhealthy foods) relative to grocery stores (healthy foods). Patients in regions with inequitable access to healthy foods may have worsened surgical outcomes due to suboptimal nutrition. The present study assesses complication rates in breast reduction patients residing in regions with high food swamp scores (FSSs). Methods An institutional retrospective review of patients who underwent breast reduction surgery between 2015 and 2023 was conducted. The USDA Food Environment Atlas was accessed to identify New York county-level data. The Retail Food Environment Index was used to calculate all county FSSs and categorized as low, moderate, and high. Regression analysis assessed FSS as a predictor of complications. Results A total of 1052 patients (1965 breasts) were identified and resided in low (22.1%), moderate (39.8%), or high (38%) FSS counties. Hispanic patients were predominant in high FSS counties (37.8%, P < 0.001). The overall complication rate was 11.3% (n = 119), with an increased rate in the high versus low FSS cohort (43.7% vs 14.3%, P = 0.039). Unplanned reoperations occurred in 31 patients (18.2%), more frequently in the high FSS cohort (4.3% vs 0.9%, P = 0.016). Regression analysis demonstrated a higher odds ratio (OR) for overall postoperative complications (OR, 1.9, P = 0.028), infections (OR, 1.34, P = 0.04) and unplanned reoperations (OR, 5.13, P = 0.03) among high FSS counties. Conclusions Environmental aspects of food swamps may increase complication risks following breast reduction. The present findings reinforce the need for further research on the interplay between food environmental factors and breast reduction outcomes.
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Awoke, Mamaru Ayenew, Helen Skouteris, Maureen Makama, Cheryce L. Harrison, Thomas Philip Wycherley, and Lisa J. Moran. "The Relationship of Diet and Physical Activity with Weight Gain and Weight Gain Prevention in Women of Reproductive Age." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 11 (2021): 2485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10112485.
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Reproductive-age women often see increased weight gain, which carries an increased risk of long-term overweight and obesity and adverse maternal and child health outcomes. Supporting women to achieve optimal weight through lifestyle modification (diet and physical activity) is of critical importance to reduce weight gain across key reproductive life-stages (preconception, pregnancy and postpartum). This review comprehensively summarizes the current state of knowledge on the contribution of diet and physical activity to weight gain and weight gain prevention in reproductive-aged women. Suboptimal diets including a higher proportion of discretionary choices or energy intake from fats, added sugars, sweets or processed foods are associated with higher weight gain, whereas increased consumption of core foods including fruits, vegetables and whole grains and engaging in regular physical activity are associated with reduced weight gain in reproductive age women. Diet and physical activity contributing to excessive gestational weight gain are well documented. However, there is limited research assessing diet and physical activity components associated with weight gain during the preconception and postpartum period. This review highlights the need for further research to identify key dietary and physical activity components targeting the critical windows of reproductive life-stages in women to best guide interventions to prevent weight gain.
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TRAN, TONY T., and ANTHONY D. HITCHINS. "Evaluation of a Selective Enrichment Most Probable Number Enumeration Method for Viable Listeria spp. in Dairy Products." Journal of Food Protection 59, no. 9 (1996): 928–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-59.9.928.
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A most probable number (MPN) method for enumerating low numbers of Listeria spp. in dairy foods was developed by adapting the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Listeria isolation methodology. Milk, cheese, and other milk products were diluted and homogenized in enrichment broth (1 g/10 ml). Homogenates were inoculated with L. monocytogenes Lm82, a streptomycin-resistant variant of strain Scott A, at &lt;1 to 320 CFU/g and further diluted in FDA enrichment broth to give 0.1, 0.01, and 0.001 g of food sample per 10 ml. Dilution aliquots (10 ml) in triplicate or quintuplicate were incubated at 30°C for 48 h before being subcultured on Oxford agar at 35°C. Esculin-hydrolyzing colonies on Oxford agar were confirmed as the inoculum strain by their ability to grow on Trypticase soy agar containing streptomycin. Differences between inoculum and MPN values were evaluated by using tabulated 95% confidence limits. The calculated MPNs agreed with the inoculum levels in 91% (58 of 64) of noncheese dairy foods and in 49% (56 of 112) of 15 varieties of ripened cheeses. Competitive microflora affected by cheese age and the kind of milk used may account for the suboptimal performance of the MPN method with the cheeses.
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Lukaski, Henry C. "Micronutrients (Magnesium, Zinc, and Copper): Are Mineral Supplements Needed for Athletes?" International Journal of Sport Nutrition 5, s1 (1995): S74—S83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsn.5.s1.s74.
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Mineral elements, including magnesium, zinc, and copper, are required by the body in modest amounts for the maintenance of health and for the development of optimal physiological function. For athletes, adequate amounts of these minerals are required for physical training and performance. Studies of athletes during training, as compared to nontraining control subjects, indicate the potential for increased losses of minerals in sweat and urine. Some studies report suboptimal intakes of minerals, particularly among athletes who are actively attempting to lose weight to meet standards for competition. However, most athletes consume diets that provide adequate amounts of minerals to meet population standards. Athletes should be counseled to consume foods with high nutrient density rather than to rely on mineral supplements. General use of mineral supplements can alter physiological function and impair health.
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Baby, Prassanna. "OVERCOMING VITAMIN B12 DEFICIENCY IN VEGAN DIET." Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU 04, no. 01 (2014): 104–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1703741.
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Abstract:Vitamin B12 is a crystalline compound essential to a number of micro-organisms and animals, including humans. So far as is known it is not present in higher plants. Pure vegetarian food is nearly free from vit. B12. It is a nutrient that needs attention in vegan diet. Vegetarians are at risk for vitamin B(12) (B12) deficiency due to suboptimal intake. Dietary deficiency of vitamin B12 due to vegetarianism is increasing and causes hyperhomocysteinemia Areas for research include intermittent vitamin B12 supplement dosing and better measurements of the bioavailability of B12 in fermented vegetarian foods and algae. The goal of the present literature review was to create an awareness among the vegans to identify the vegetarian sources of Vitamin B12 and to incorporate them into their daily diet.
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Berkovitz, Saul, Gareth Ambler, Michael Jenkins, and Sue Thurgood. "Serum 25-hydroxy Vitamin D Levels in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: a Retrospective Survey." International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 79, no. 4 (2009): 250–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831.79.4.250.
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Introduction: Patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) may be at risk of osteoporosis due to their relative lack of physical activity and excessive time spent indoors, leading to reduced vitamin D synthesis. We hypothesized that serum 25-OH vitamin D levels are lower in CFS patients than in the general British population. Subjects and methods: We performed a retrospective survey of serum 25-OH vitamin D levels in 221 CFS patients. We compared this to a group of patients attending the hospital for other chronic conditions and to a large British longitudinal survey of 45-year old women, using a variety of appropriate statistical approaches. Results: 25-OH vitamin D levels are moderately to severely suboptimal in CFS patients, with a mean of 44.4 nmol/L (optimal levels >75 nmol/L). These levels are lower and the difference is statistically significant (p<0.0004) than those of the general British population from a recent national survey, but similar to those in patients with other chronic conditions. Conclusions: This data supports the recommendation made in recent NICE guidelines that all patients with moderate to severe CFS should be encouraged to obtain adequate sun exposure and eat foods high in vitamin D. Oral or intramuscular vitamin D supplementation should be considered for those whose levels remain suboptimal.
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Nasser, Sayeed, Judy Mullan, and Beata Bajorek. "Challenges of Older Patients’ Knowledge About Warfarin Therapy." Journal of Primary Care & Community Health 3, no. 1 (2011): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2150131911416365.
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Objective: To review the challenges of warfarin education for older patients (aged 65 years or older) in terms of knowledge, access to warfarin education, and education resources. Methods: A quasi-systematic review of the literature was performed via electronic database searches (eg, Medline, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, Meditext, and Google Scholar) from 1990 to May 2011. Results: The 62 articles reviewed found that improved patient knowledge results in better anticoagulation control. The review also found that between 50% and 80% of older patients have inadequate knowledge about the basic aspects of warfarin therapy (eg, action, benefits and risks, interactions with other drugs or foods, international normalized ratio management). Demographic factors, such as advancing age, lower family income, and limited health literacy, were found to inversely affect patients’ warfarin knowledge, and access to warfarin education and information resources were often suboptimal in different practice settings. Finally, a number of educational strategies and resources that could be readily incorporated to improve the effectiveness of current warfarin education programs were extracted from the review. Conclusion: This comprehensive review highlights that education about warfarin in older patients is currently suboptimal and may in part contribute to poor therapeutic outcomes. This review article also acknowledges the need to identify, target, and develop educational strategies and resources to further improve older patients’ knowledge about their warfarin therapy.
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Summers, Aimee, and Oleg O. Bilukha. "Suboptimal infant and young child feeding practices among internally displaced persons during conflict in eastern Ukraine." Public Health Nutrition 21, no. 5 (2017): 917–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980017003421.
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AbstractObjectiveTo determine current status, areas for improvement and effect of conflict on infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices among internally displaced persons (IDP) in eastern Ukraine.DesignCross-sectional household survey, June 2015.SettingKharkiv, Dnipropetrovsk and Zaporizhia oblasts (Ukrainian administrative divisions) bordering conflict area in Ukraine.SubjectsRandomly selected IDP households with children aged <2 years registered with local non-governmental organizations. Questions based on the WHO IYCF assessment questionnaire were asked for 477 children. Mid-upper arm circumference was measured in 411 children aged 6–23 months.ResultsExclusive breast-feeding prevalence for infants aged <6 months was 25·8 (95 % CI 15·8, 38·0) %. Percentage of mothers continuing breast-feeding when their child was aged 1 and 2 years was 53·5 (95 % CI 43·2, 63·6) % and 20·6 (95 % CI 11·5, 32·7) %, respectively. Bottle-feeding was common for children aged <2 years (68·1 %; 95 % CI 63·7, 72·3 %). Almost all infants aged 6–8 months received solid foods (98·6 %; 95 % CI 88·5, 99·9 %). Mothers who discontinued breast-feeding before their infant was 6 months old more often listed stress related to conflict as their primary reason for discontinuation (45·7 %) compared with mothers who discontinued breast-feeding when their child was aged 6–23 months (14·3 %; P<0·0001).ConclusionsTo mitigate the effects of conflict and improve child health, humanitarian action is needed focused on helping mothers cope with stress related to conflict and displacement while supporting women to adhere to recommended IYCF practices if possible and providing appropriate support to women when adherence is not feasible.
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Galmés, Sebastià, Andreu Palou, and Francisca Serra. "Suboptimal Consumption of Relevant Immune System Micronutrients Is Associated with a Worse Impact of COVID-19 in Spanish Populations." Nutrients 14, no. 11 (2022): 2254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14112254.
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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a global health crisis and the factors behind its differential impact on COVID-19 among populations are still being known. Geographical differences in nutrient profile could be a relevant factor, especially considering that scientific evidence supports that 10 micronutrients are essential for proper immune system function. This study aims to evaluate these micronutrient intakes in the territories of Spain and to analyze their relationship with epidemiological indicators of COVID-19 from the first two waves of COVID-19, when neither specific vaccines nor drugs had yet come into play. Results showed that vitamin D, A, B9, and zinc intakes were particularly insufficient in Spain. The joint intake of these four micronutrients was lower in regions with the highest COVID-19 incidence and mortality, and of particular importance, was the insufficient intake of vitamin D. A pattern of food consumption associated with lower COVID-19 impact was observed. In conclusion, the results show the relevance of the optimal consumption of foods rich in essential nutrients for the immune system. Therefore, this assessment could serve to launch specific dietary recommendations to strengthen the immune system in Spanish territories to better face potential new COVID-19 variants and/or further infectious diseases.
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Andrade-Bustamante, Gabriela, Francisco Eleazar Martínez-Ruiz, Jesus Ortega-García, et al. "Microalgae-Based Functional Foods: A Blue-Green Revolution in Sustainable Nutrition and Health." Applied Microbiology 5, no. 2 (2025): 39. https://doi.org/10.3390/applmicrobiol5020039.
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The projected global population of 9.22 billion by 2075 necessitates sustainable food sources that provide health benefits beyond essential nutrition, as the relationship between food biochemistry and human well-being is becoming increasingly significant. Microalgae are simple microscopic organisms rich in various bioactive compounds, such as pigments, vitamins, polyunsaturated fatty acids, polysaccharides, bioactive peptides, and polyphenols, which can be used to develop novel foods with potential health benefits. Bioactive substances offer numerous health benefits, including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant, anti-obesity, and heart-protective effects. However, incorporating microalgal biomass into functional food products presents several challenges, including species diversity, fluctuations in biomass production, factors affecting cultivation, suboptimal bioprocessing methods, inconclusive evidence regarding bioavailability and safety, and undesirable flavors and aromas in food formulations. Despite these challenges, significant opportunities exist for the future development of microalgae-derived functional food products. Extensive investigations are essential to overcome these challenges and enable the large-scale commercialization of nutritious microalgae-based food products. This review aims to examine the potential of microalgae as natural ingredients in functional food production, explore the factors limiting their industrial acceptance and utilization, and assess the safety issues associated with human consumption.
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Lang, Adina, Cheryce Harrison, and Jacqueline Boyle. "Preconception Lifestyle and Weight-Related Behaviors by Maternal Body Mass Index: A Cross-Sectional Study of Pregnant Women." Nutrients 11, no. 4 (2019): 759. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11040759.
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Obesity is a rising global health challenge, particularly for reproductive-aged women. Our cross-sectional study of pregnant women (n = 223) examined associations between preconception body mass index (BMI) and socio-demographics, weight perceptions and lifestyle behaviors. Over half of women were overweight (33.2%) or obese (22.0%), 49.6% of which perceived their weight as normal. High proportions of women reported planning their pregnancies (70.0%) and were actively trying to lose or maintain their weight preconception (72.7%). Weight management approaches varied from reducing discretionary foods (63.7%) to professional support (8.1%). Obese women had significantly greater odds of reducing discretionary foods (odds ratio (OR) = 6.69 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.13–21.00, p = 0.001) and using structured diets (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 9.13 95% CI 2.90–28.81, p < 0.001) compared to normal-weight women. After adjusting for socio-demographics, compared to normal-weight women, overweight (AOR = 5.24 95% CI 2.19–12.56, p < 0.001) and obese (AOR = 2.85 95% CI 1.06–7.67, p = 0.04) women had significantly increased odds of exercising for weight management and significantly lower odds of taking folic-acid preconception (overweight: AOR = 0.40 95% CI 0.18–0.90, p = 0.01, obese: AOR = 0.38 95% CI 0.16–0.91, p = 0.03). Large proportions of women planning a pregnancy have an overweight/obese BMI, with associated suboptimal health behaviors and reduced health professional engagement preconception. Further research exploring women’s perspectives regarding preconception lifestyles is needed to inform effective preconception health promotion strategies.
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Kehoe, Laura, Janette Walton, and Albert Flynn. "Nutritional challenges for older adults in Europe: current status and future directions." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 78, no. 02 (2019): 221–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665118002744.
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Population ageing is rapidly progressing and it is estimated that by 2050 one in every five people globally will be aged 60 years or over. Research has shown that adequate nutritional status can positively impact the ageing process, resulting in improved quality of life and the prevention of chronic disease and mortality. However, due to physiological and social changes associated with ageing, older adults may be at increased risk of nutrient deficiencies. This review aims to investigate the nutrient intake and status of older adults in Europe and to explore the potential role of fortified foods and nutritional supplements in addressing some of the nutritional challenges identified in this population group. The available literature has highlighted unfavourable intakes of total and saturated fat, sugar, salt and dietary fibre together with low intakes and suboptimal status of key micronutrients such as vitamins D, B2, B12, folate and calcium. Evidence has shown that the consumption of fortified foods and use of nutritional supplements make significant contributions to intakes and status of these micronutrients in older adults. Continued monitoring of nutrient intake and status is important in light of changing fortification practices and food consumption patterns. Future strategies to address the nutritional issues identified in older adults could include the promotion of healthy food choices together with improvements of the food supply including reformulation (fat, sugar and salt), food fortification or supplementation to support successful ageing of our populations.
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de Souza Bosco Paiva, Caroline, and Maria Helena Melo Lima. "Introducing a very low carbohydrate diet for a child with type 1 diabetes." British Journal of Nursing 28, no. 15 (2019): 1015–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2019.28.15.1015.
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Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a serious autoimmune disease for which no cure is available. The treatment includes insulin therapy, carbohydrate counting, eating healthy foods, exercising regularly, and maintaining a healthy weight. The goal is to keep blood glucose levels close to normal most of the time to delay or prevent complications. Despite the increase in the use of insulin pumps and continuous glucose monitors in recent years, the management of type 1 diabetes remains suboptimal in terms of glycaemic control and normal glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) level. This article discusses the case of a child with type 1 diabetes who was successfully treated with a very low-carbohydrate diet, resulting in normal levels of HbA1c and normal blood glucose 95% of the time in a range of 70–180 mg/dL (4.0 mmol/L−10 mmol/L). Therefore, further studies are needed to verify how a very low carbohydrate diet impacts child development.
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Willer, David, and David C. Aldridge. "Microencapsulated diets to improve bivalve shellfish aquaculture." Royal Society Open Science 4, no. 11 (2017): 171142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.171142.
Full textAbstract:
Aquaculture is the fastest growing food sector and feeds over 3 billion people. Bivalve shellfish aquaculture makes up 25% of global aquaculture production and is worth annually US$19 billion, but continued growth is currently limited by suboptimal diets and limited tools for disease control. New advances in microencapsulation technology could provide an effective way to overcome these biological limitations. This study demonstrated that a new formulation of microencapsulated diet known as BioBullets could be ingested by a commercially farmed bivalve; the blue mussel Mytilus edulis . Microparticles could be captured by mussels with similar efficiency to natural foods. Microparticles too large for ingestion were rejected in pseudofaeces. Microparticles were successfully ingested and broken down by the gut. Further work is needed to assess the impact of BioBullets diets on bivalve growth. There is now an exciting opportunity to tailor the composition of microencapsulated diets for specific applications to improve production output and efficiency in the commercial bivalve shellfish industry.
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Jelly, Prasuna, Suresh K. Sharma, Vartika Saxena, Gunjot Arora, and Rakesh Sharma. "Exploration of Breastfeeding Practices in India: A Systematic Review." Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery 32, no. 1 (2022): 58–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/jhnm.32.1.2177.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Breastfeeding is essential and a unique way of providing food to infants for development and healthy growth. Various breastfeeding practices are followed in different regions of India. Objective: This study aims to collect the information for practices related to prelacteal feed, early initiation of breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding, and weaning in India. Materials and Methods: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Google Scholar, Clinical key, the Cochrane Library, and Science Direct databases to identify studies on practices related to the initiation of early breastfeeding, prelacteal feed, Exclusive Breastfeeding (EBF) practices, and weaning as outcomes. Quality assessment of each study was done by the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Results: Twenty-four studies were included in this systematic review. Seven studies reported an early initiation of breastfeeding within 1-6 hours of birth. Six studies reported various prelacteal foods given to infants, such as tea, boiled water, honey, sugar, jaggery, or glucose with plain water and diluted animal milk. Four studies stated that exclusive breastfeeding was a suboptimal practice, often continued for less than six months for reasons like working mothers (not enough time for breastfeeding), traditional beliefs, and inadequate milk output. Four studies explored the causes of early onset of weaning, and the most common reasons were initiation of supplementary feeding before six months, insufficient breastmilk, and lack of knowledge. Conclusion: Overall, the results of the individual studies indicate that unhealthy breastfeeding practices such as prelacteal feeding, suboptimal exclusive breastfeeding, and early initiation of weaning practices were prevalent and almost the same across India.