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Academic literature on the topic 'Submarine BB2'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 1 April 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Submarine BB2"

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Dogrul, Ali. "NUMERICAL PREDICTION OF SCALE EFFECTS ON THE PROPULSION PERFORMANCE OF JOUBERT BB2 SUBMARINE." Brodogradnja 73, no. 2 (April 1, 2022): 17–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21278/brod73202.

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The motivation of this study is to present the scale effects on the propulsion performance of Joubert BB2 submarine with MARIN7371R propeller. Joubert BB2 submarine was designed as a realistic attack submarine to be used in benchmarking studies. Numerical analyses were conducted solving RANS equations. The propeller in the self-propelled case was modeled using the body force method. The numerical method was verified both for submarine and open water propeller cases. The resistance, open water propeller and propulsion characteristics were validated with the available numerical/experimental data. After, the results were extrapolated to the full-scale and compared with other studies. Full-scale RANS analyses were then conducted to calculate the resistance and propulsion parameters by eliminating the possible scale effects. The extrapolated full-scale results were compared with the full-scale analyses and self-propulsion method (SPE) results. The scale effects on the resistance and propulsion parameters were obtained in detail. 1978 ITTC prediction method coupled with the body force method was utilized to observe the scale effects. In addition to this, the practicality of the SPE method for the estimation of the propulsive performance was shown. The scale effects on the propulsive parameters such as nominal wake and thrust deduction factors, open water propeller efficiency and propulsion efficiency were seen.
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Han, Kunyu, Xide Cheng, Zuyuan Liu, Chenran Huang, Haichao Chang, Jianxi Yao, and Kangli Tan. "Six-DOF CFD Simulations of Underwater Vehicle Operating Underwater Turning Maneuvers." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 12 (December 18, 2021): 1451. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9121451.

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Maneuverability, which is closely related to operational performance and safety, is one of the important hydrodynamic properties of an underwater vehicle (UV), and its accurate prediction is essential for preliminary design. The purpose of this study is to analyze the turning ability of a UV while rising or submerging; the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method was used to numerically predict the six-DOF self-propelled maneuvers of submarine model BB2, including steady turning maneuvers and space spiral maneuvers. In this study, the overset mesh method was used to deal with multi-body motion, the body force method was used to describe the thrust distribution of the propeller at the model scale, and the numerical prediction also included the dynamic deflection of the control planes, where the command was issued by the autopilot. Then, this study used the published model test results of the tank to verify the effectiveness of the CFD prediction of steady turning maneuvers, and the prediction of space spiral maneuvers was carried out on this basis. The numerical results show that the turning motion has a great influence on the depth and pitch attitude of the submarine, and a “stern heavier” phenomenon occurs to a submarine after steering. The underwater turning of a submarine can not only reduce the speed to brake but also limit the dangerous depth. The conclusion is of certain reference significance for submarine emergency maneuvers.
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Kwon, Chang-Seop, Dong-Jin Kim, Kunhang Yun, and Yeon-Gyu Kim. "A Captive Model Test on Hydrodynamic Force and Neutral Level Flight of BB2 Submarine in Straight Operation at Near Free Surface with Different Depths." Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea 59, no. 5 (October 20, 2022): 288–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3744/snak.2022.59.5.288.

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Kim, Dong-Hwi, Yagin Kim, Hyung-Min Baek, Young-Myung Choi, Young Jun Kim, Hongrae Park, Hyeon Kyu Yoon, et al. "Experimental study of the hydrodynamic maneuvering coefficients for a BB2 generic submarine using the planar motion mechanism." Ocean Engineering 271 (March 2023): 113428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2022.113428.

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Di Angelo, Luca Di, Francesco Duronio, Angelo De De Vita, and Andrea Di Di Mascio. "Cartesian Mesh Generation with Local Refinement for Immersed Boundary Approaches." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 6 (May 25, 2021): 572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9060572.

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In this paper, an efficient and robust Cartesian Mesh Generation with Local Refinement for an Immersed Boundary Approach is proposed, whose key feature is the capability of high Reynolds number simulations by the use of wall function models, bypassing the need for accurate boundary layer discretization. Starting from the discrete manifold model of the object to be analyzed, the proposed model generates Cartesian adaptive grids for a CFD simulation, with minimal user interactions; the most innovative aspect of this approach is that the automatic generation is based on the segmentation of the surfaces enveloping the object to be analyzed. The aim of this paper is to show that this automatic workflow is robust and enables to get quantitative results on geometrically complex configurations such as marine vehicles. To this purpose, the proposed methodology has been applied to the simulation of the flow past a BB2 submarine, discretized by non-uniform grid density. The obtained results are comparable with those obtained by classical body-fitted approaches but with a significant reduction of the time required for the mesh generation.
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Rocca, Andrea, Marta Cianferra, Riccardo Broglia, and Vincenzo Armenio. "Computational hydroacoustic analysis of the BB2 submarine using the advective Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings equation with Wall-Modeled LES." Applied Ocean Research 129 (December 2022): 103360. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apor.2022.103360.

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Rietjens, Gerard, Jasper Most, Peter J. Joris, Pieter Helmhout, and Guy Plasqui. "Energy Expenditure and Changes in Body Composition During Submarine Deployment—An Observational Study “DasBoost 2-2017”." Nutrients 12, no. 1 (January 15, 2020): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12010226.

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The present study was designed to objectively assess the effects of 3-months submarine deployment on behavioural and metabolic determinants of metabolic health. In 13 healthy, non-obese volunteers, we using stable isotope dilution, and plasma and urinary biochemistry to characterize metabolic health before and after a 3-month submarine deployment. Volunteers worked in 6-h shifts. After deployment, we observed reduced fat-free mass (mean ± SD, −4.1 ± 3.3 kg, p = 0.003) and increased adiposity (21.9 ± 3.2% fat mass to 24.4 ± 4.7%, p = 0.01). Changes in fat-free mass were positively associated with physical activity (+0.8 kg per 0.1 increase in PAL, p = 0.03). The average physical activity level was 1.64 ± 0.26 and total energy expenditure during deployment was 2937 ± 498 kcal/d, while energy intake was 3158 ± 786 kcal/d. Fasting glucose (p = 0.03), and triglycerides (p = 0.01) declined, whereas fasting free fatty acids increased (p = 0.04). Plasma vitamin D and B12 concentrations decreased (−14%, p = 0.04, and −44%, p = 0.001, respectively), and plasma calcium, and magnesium increased (+51%, p = 0.01, and +5%, p = 0.02). Haemoglobin was unchanged, but haematocrit decreased (−2.2 ± 2.1%, p = 0.005). In conclusion, submarine deployment impairs fat-free mass maintenance and promotes adiposity. High physical activity may prevent the decline in fat-free mass. Our study confirms the need to counteract Vitamin D and B12 deficiencies, and suggests impairments in erythrocyte metabolism.
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Xu, Tianfu, Songhua Shang, Hailong Tian, Keqi Bei, and Yuqing Cao. "Numerical Simulation on Authigenic Barite Formation in Marine Sediments." Minerals 9, no. 2 (February 10, 2019): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9020098.

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Submarine cold seep and its associated authigenic minerals in sediment are meaningful to indicate the existence of underlying natural gas hydrate. The anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) is coupled with sulfate reduction (SR) and influences the dissolution and precipitation of barite. However, the forming mechanism of barite is not yet clearly understood. In order to investigate the forming process of authigenic barite and its relationship with methane leakage flux, based on the measured data of the Qiongdongnan Basin in the Northern slope of the South China Sea, we constructed a 1D model of a sedimentary column to reproduce the formation of barite using the numerical simulation method. The results show that the original equilibrium of barite was broken by the cold seep fluids and Ba2+ was carried upward to the sulfate-rich zone leading to the formation of barite front. When there is no flux of methane from the bottom of sediment, the barite front disappears. The relationship between methane leakage flux and authigenic minerals was also discussed. It can be concluded that high methane flux corresponds to a shallow barite front in the sediment, furthermore, the barite content first increases and then decreases as the methane flux increases. At the same time, an inverse relationship between the ratio of authigenic barite to calcite and methane flux was obtained.
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Conway, A., C. Kumar, A. Rolls, A. Fowler, and A. Cameron. "HYDRODYNAMIC LOADS AND FLOW STRUCTURE ANALYSIS FOR A SURFACED SUBMARINE USING CAPTIVE MODEL EXPERIMENTS." Warship 2021, June 3, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3940/rina.ws.2021.09.

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Submarines are required to operate on the surface for significant periods of time, for example during transit in shallow waters. However, as they are designed primarily for submerged operations, their surfaced sea-keeping behaviour may be poor. Furthermore, the wave making resistance of the vehicle increases in the surfaced state, substantially impacting on its powering requirements. The bow wave encountered when operating in a surfaced state applies a downward heave force and a bow down pitching moment, impacting the vessel’s sea-keeping performance. To provide insight into these effects, a captive model experimental program was undertaken at the Australian Maritime College Towing Tank facility to generate data at model scale for a 1.69m BB2 generic submarine geometry operating on the surface in calm water. The data generated includes the hydrodynamic loads and detailed, time-averaged flow structures on the surface, which will be used to study the behaviour of the vehicle and validate numerical tools.
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Kim, H., D. Ranmuthugala, and M. R. Renilson. "THE VERTICAL FORCE REQUIRED FROM THE AFT CONTROL SURFACES TO ENABLE A SUBMARINE TO MAINTAIN A LEVEL TURN." Warship 2021, June 3, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3940/rina.ws.2021.08.

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When a submarine turns in the horizontal plane it experiences a complex flow around the hull, casing and sail. This results in out-of-plane loads in heave and pitch. To design the Aft Control Surfaces (ACS) such that adequate force can be applied to counteract these out-of-plane loads, it is necessary to be able to accurately predict the magnitude of these forces during the turn. In this paper, predictions of the BB2 generic submarine with X-plane ACSs turning in the horizontal plane using a Coefficient Based Model (CBM) were compared with those from a fully coupled Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model, and results from free running model tests. The CFD predicted the measured ACS angles well, whereas the CBM predicted that much larger angles were required. This is possibly due to the CBM not accurately predicting the out-of-plane loads on the turning submarine. Further work is required to investigate this issue.
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Book chapters on the topic "Submarine BB2"

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Carder, Kendall L., and David K. Costello. "Optical Effects of Large Particles." In Ocean Optics. Oxford University Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195068436.003.0017.

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Two important problems facing the ocean optics research community in the coming decade concern optical model closure and inversion (see Chapter 3). We obtain model closure if we can describe the measured light environment by combining elementary measurements of the optical properties of the medium with radiative transfer theory. If we can accurately deduce the concentration of various constituents from a combination of measures of the submarine light field and inverse model calculations, we term this process model inversion. The most elementary measurements of the optical properties of the sea are those that are independent of the geometry of the light field, the inherent optical properties (Preisendorfer, 1961). Optical properties that are dependent on the geometry of the light field are termed apparent optical properties (AOP). Models of the submarine light field typically relate apparent optical properties to inherent optical properties (see Chapter 2). Examples include the relationship between the AOP irradiance reflectance R and a combination of inherent optical properties (backscattering coefficient bb and absorption coefficient a), and the relationship between the AOP downwelling diffuse attenuation coefficient kd and a combination of the absorption coefficient, backscattering coefficient, and downwelling average cosine μd (e.g., Gordon et al., 1975; Morel and Prieur, 1977; Smith and Baker, 1981; Morel, 1988; Kirk, 1984a). Under some circumstances these relationships work well enough that the absorption coefficient can be derived indirectly. This is important since measurement of the absorption coefficient by direct means has been difficult. Derived values for the absorption coefficient by model inversion methods are not easily verified by independent measurements, however, because of the difficulty of measuring the absorption coefficient. Model closure and model inversion both become more tenuous when the following phenomena are present: 1. Transpectral or inelastic scattering such as fluorescence (e.g., Gordon, 1979; Carder and Steward, 1985; Mitchell and Kiefer, 1988a; Spitzer and Dirks, 1985; Hawes and Carder, 1990) or water Raman scattering (Marshall and Smith, 1990; Stavn, 1990; Stavn and Weidemann, 1988a,b; Peacock et al, 1990; Chapter 12 this volume). 2. Particles that are large relative to the measurement volume for inherent optical property meters such as beam transmissometers, light-scattering photometers, fluorometers, and absorption meters.
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Conference papers on the topic "Submarine BB2"

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Tholen, Christoph, Lars Nolle, Tarek A. El-Mihoub, and Oliver Zielinksi. "Optimised bumblebee paths as search strategy for autonomous underwater vehicles." In 36th ECMS International Conference on Modelling and Simulation. ECMS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.7148/2022-0107.

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In this paper, the concept of optimized bumblebee (BB) patterns as a search strategy for autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV) is presented. Here, an AUV is used to detect submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) in coastal areas. The optimization of the BB paths is achieved utilizing k-opt optimization. In this research, 2-opt, 3-opt and 4-opt is used for the optimization of the BB paths. It is shown using computer simulations that all three optimization strategies are able to improve the search capabilities of the BB search strategy. The optimization of the BB path shortens the length of the path to visit the waypoints generated. The saved energy can be used for exploring. The median saved path length is 33.8 m, 43.5 m and 52.6 m for the 2-opt, 3-opt and 4-opt, respectively. The median error over 1,000 experiments of the not-optimized BB is 76.26, while the median error of the optimized BB are 71.63, 72.02 and 72.23 for the 2-opt, 3-opt and 4-opt, respectively.
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