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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Subjects'
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1
Dore, Michael James. "Subject and subjects : conceptions of high school English." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2017. http://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/619497/.
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‘English’ as a high school subject discipline is a deeply contested space. Since its inception in the early twentieth century, the discipline of English has taken on many forms and purposes. From the preservation of grammatical standards to the induction into high culture and creativity, it seems fair to say that few subjects suffer such an identity crisis over their purpose and function as English does. Added to this, the growing intensity in the politicisation of educational practices has led to significant reforms in English curriculum and assessment with a new GCSE course introduced recently. This thesis describes and analyses debates in English teaching before using data gathered from my own school to explore and evaluate how English is being created and what is happening to its participants. To aid my analysis of what English is and its purposes, I have chosen to use the ‘Four Discourses’ theory offered by Jacques Lacan (1901-1981). Far from merely an exotic range of ideas, Lacan’s theory is used here because it offers interesting explorations of subjectivity, language, and insights into the unconscious. Basically, Lacan looks at four ways to see human interactions in a social world: Master (governance over others), University (institutions and how they deliver the Master’s messages), Hysteric (protesting and objecting to the Master), and Analyst (revolutionary ways of rebelling against the Master). The use of Lacan’s theory is not seen as a panacea to educational complexities, but as offering alternative perspectives and as having the capacity to generate new understanding. It would be tedious to merely write diatribic invective and polemic about the surreptitious forces of the master signifiers. Instead, the research looks at the effects upon and within classroom English to create new understanding. Drawing on Lacan, I argue that the ‘subject’ of English and how it makes its participants ‘subjects’ can be seen in interesting ways. I use the Lacanian theory of ‘Four Discourses’ and classroom data to interrogate the difficulties and opportunities presented in navigating the new English curriculum.
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Carter, Stephen John. "Implied subjects, the cultural subject's narrative mediation of the other." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq22904.pdf.
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Gustavsson, Jonas. "Subjects Matter : The Subject-Object Dichotomy in Toni Morrison's Jazz." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för humaniora (HUM), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-18196.
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This essay examines the subject-object dichotomy between men and women in Toni Morrison’s Jazz and the thesis of the essay is that this dichotomy develops into subject-object harmony. Through Simone de Beauvoir’s theory regarding the subject-object dichotomy and a close reading of the novel, this essay concludes that Jazz shows the possibility of reciprocal relationships built on friendship. In other words, the dichotomy changes into harmony, which makes it possible for both men and women to reach freedom and fulfilment in transcendence.
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Barbosa, Maria do Pilar Pereira. "Null subjects." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/11071.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Linguistics and Philosophy, 1995.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 193-200).
by Maria do Pilar Pereira Barbosa.
Ph.D.
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Kulmer, Birgit. "Moving Subjects." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Kultur-, Sozial- und Bildungswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17803.
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Es zeichnet sich seit den 1990er-Jahren die Tendenz ab, dass sich viele Künstler/innen verstärkt mit Subjekten statt mit Objekten beschäftigen. Hinzu kommt eine zunehmende „Kollektivierung und Theatralisierung der einst auf Singularität und Präsenz setzenden Performance“. In diesem Zusammenhang sind auch immer mehr künstlerische Arbeiten zu registrieren, die mit Prozessionen und Paraden eine Vielzahl von Menschen auf die Straße bringen und in Bewegung versetzen. Dies spiegelt sich auch in einer immer größer werdenden Zahl thematischer Ausstellungen wider, die sich diesen Arbeiten widmen. Bereits 2004 konstatierte Pablo Lafuente in seinem Essay „Art on Parade“ in Art Monthly: „That ability of the parade to create subjectivity is where the artist’s political aspiration lies.“ Die künstlerisch-ästhetischen Praktiken von Francis Alÿs, Matthew Barney, Mierle Laderman Ukeles und Jeremy Deller, die Gegenstand der vorliegenden Untersuchung sind, könnten unterschiedlicher nicht sein. Ihre Gemeinsamkeit liegt in der performativen Verwendung eines sehr alten traditionellen Handlungsmusters, das den meisten Menschen vertraut ist. Die Prozession ist eine ritualisierte Handlung, die in unseren Breiten zuallererst mit der christlichen beziehungsweise der katholischen Liturgie in Zusammenhang gebracht wird. Die Grundbedeutung des Begriffs (von lat. processio = Zug, Geleit) als ein zielgerichtetes, geordnetes, gemeinsames Gehen, das den Raum gliedert und ihm dabei Bedeutung verleiht, umfasst jedoch den kultischen ebenso wie den profanen Umzug. So begegnen uns Prozessionen in vielen Bereichen des kulturellen Lebens. Dementsprechend beschäftigt sich diese Dissertation mit Prozessionen, Paraden und Karnevalsumzügen, deren Grundmotiv das gemeinsame, öffentliche, oftmals um einen Gegenstand herum organisierte Gehen, also die Prozession in ihrem allgemeinen Sinne ist.Ever since the 90s, the tendency of many artists increasingly dealing with subjects instead of objects has become apparent. In this context, more and more artistic works that take a multitude of people to the streets or set them in motion as part of a procession or parade can be registered. This is also reflected in a growing number of themed exhibitions exploring these works. The artistic-aesthetic practice of Francis Alÿs, Matthew Barney, Mierle Laderman Ukeles and Jeremy Deller could hardly be more different. Their common ground can be found in the performative use of a very old traditional pattern of action that most people are familiar with. The procession is a ritualised act, which - in this part of the world – is first and foremost implicated in Christian respectively Catholic liturgy. The basic meaning of this term (derived from Latin processio – progression/cortege) as a purposeful, orderly, collective walk structuring and thus giving meaning to a certain space comprises, however, the sacral as well as the profane procession. This is way we can encounter processions in many parts of cultural life (and in almost every culture). This dissertation accordingly explores processions, (carnival) parades and demonstrations which all share the basic motif of a collective, public organised walk, often around an object, i.e. a procession in its general sense.
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Ken, Stephanie Wong. "Human Subjects." PDXScholar, 2017. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4023.
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Human Subjects is a collection of eight short stories that explore the role of identity, otherness, and personhood in contemporary life. Two sex workers try to buy new faces after a botched plastic surgery, a young girl struggles to find her place in a religious sweat cult, mixed race orphans commune with ghosts in a Korean orphanage, best friends embark on a road trip across America in search of a mother. Human Subjects works to tell stories about deeply felt wants and desires from perspectives at the margins, caught in a state of in between. This collection grapples with what it means to be a subject, and what it means to be subjected.
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Solà, Pujols Jaume. "Agreement and subjects." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/4847.
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Branigan, Phil. "Subjects and complementizers." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12876.
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Casey, Kathleen. "Noise making subjects /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3170240.
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Kuykendall, Sue A. Morgan William Woodrow Strickland Ron L. "The subject of feminist literary practices radical pedagogical alternatives (teaching subjects/reading novels) /." Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 1993. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p9411040.
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Thesis (D.A.)--Illinois State University, 1993.Title from title page screen, viewed February 23, 2006. Dissertation Committee: William Morgan, Ronald Strickland (co-chairs), Victoria Harris, Thomas Foster, Anne Rosenthal. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 228-242) and abstract. Also available in print.
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Tabe, Florence Ako Enoh. "Null subjects in Kenyang." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.444018.
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Shlonsky, Ur. "Null and displaced subjects." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/14703.
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Harley, Heidi Britton. "Subjects, events, and licensing." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/11073.
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Parker, Owen. "The ethics of cosmopolitan government in Europe : subjects of interest/subjects of right." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2010. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/3921/.
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Adopting a Foucauldian critical methodology, this thesis reflects upon the inherent ambiguities of cosmopolitan government in/of EU(rope), which, it is suggested, are borne out in the ambiguous relationship between the particular liberal subjects – a ‘subject of interest’ and ‘subject of right’ - that such government seeks to identify, produce and foster. Developing Foucault’s own recently published genealogy of liberal government, it is argued that cosmopolitan government can be conceived as the promotion of (neo)liberal deregulatory market agendas within and beyond EU(rope): a EU(rope) of free competitive ‘subjects of interest’, increasingly conceived as entrepreneurs. This, it is argued, is the constitutive basis of contemporary post-national government in EU(rope) (Part I). Taking seriously the nuances in Foucault’s analysis, cosmopolitan government can, however, also be understood in terms of the evocation of EU(rope) as socially just nation-state rooted in constitution and social-contract: a EU(rope) of ‘subjects of right’ or citizens. Such a conceptualisation is often evident in scholarly and practical opposition to the perceived extremes of a ‘market’ Europe, as illustrated via an analysis of Habermas’s scholarship and French discourses on EU(rope) (Part II). Finally, taking the deliberative impulse in Habermas much further than he does in his own work on EU(rope), a range of scholarly interventions and associated institutional innovations have thought/ practiced cosmopolitan government as a multi-levelled, multi-scalar, open-ended deliberative endeavour ostensibly respectful of Europe’s extant plurality in theory and practice, but this is not without its own foundational ontology of the autonomous, rational, reasonable European subject. Indeed, via an analysis of deliberative forms of governance in contemporary EU(rope), it is argued that such a conception of rationality or reason is - in both theory and practice - closely associated with the aforementioned (neo)liberal rationality of cosmopolitan government to the extent that such rationalities are EU(rope)’s very condition of possibility (Part III). The thesis demonstrates, then, that the ambiguous relationship between a ‘subject of interest’ and ‘subject of right’ is not overcome in either the theory or practice of cosmopolitan government. It concludes by postulating that there may be good ethico-political reasons for giving up the attempt to overcome such ambiguity.
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Lambdin, Charles Garett. "Are within-subjects designs transparent?" Diss., Wichita State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/2368.
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In the field of judgment and decision making (JDM), it is sometimes argued that within-subjects designs should be avoided because they are transparent. This claim ignores that between- and within-subjects designs are frequently not interchangeable. The transparency of within-subjects replications of four between-subjects JDM experiments was empirically tested. None of the replications were found to be transparent, and further, transparency did not in any way affect the success or failure of the replications. It was also found that members of the Society for Judgment and Decision Making were not able to predict how transparent tasks would be when presented within subjects, suggesting that researchers have no special insight into what will or will not prove transparent to participants.Thesis (Ph.D.)--Wichita State University, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Psychology
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Pomogaibo, Y. V. "Three levels of teaching subjects." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/66996.
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Almost every subject in our educational establishments can be taught at any or all of three
levels: 1) the facts level, 2) the concepts level, and 3) the values level.
Education at the facts level includes the teaching and learning of specific information,
facts, details, occurrences, events and actualities. It also includes the basic rudiments in
learning a skill.
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Reed, T. "Relational reasoning in autistic subjects." Thesis, Reed, T. (1992) Relational reasoning in autistic subjects. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1992. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/52357/.
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Following the work of Frith (1970a 1970b, 1989) and Hermelin and O’Connor (1971), it was suggested that autistic people are impaired in their ability to integrate input, that is, in their ability to make connections between concurrent stimuli or between current stimuli and stored information. In order to test this hypothesis, the performance of autistic subjects was compared to that of retarded and normal control subjects on three types of tasks; analogy tasks, perspective taking tasks and card sorting tasks.
Four analogy tasks were used. On three tasks involving pictures of everyday objects there was a complex pattern of results, however, overall, autistic subjects tended to perform more poorly than control subjects although the difference between groups was not always significant. On a task involving geometric figures, the retarded subjects performed more poorly than the other subjects while the autistic subjects and the normal subjects performed similarly. A probable reason for some of the unexpected results is a ceiling effect among the very high functioning subjects in the high I.Q. group for whom more complex tests may have been appropriate.
Two kinds of perspective taking tasks, social and visual, were used. It was hypothesised that autistic subjects’ performance on social perspective taking tasks would be enhanced by increasing the predictability and reducing the transience of stimulus materials. Therefore autistic and control subjects were tested on Baron-Cohen et al’s (1985) theory of mind task and on two other social perspective taking tasks that involved more predictable interactions and nontransient cues. The autistic subjects differed significantly from the control subjects in their ability to perform Baron-Cohen’s task but not the other tasks. As well, the autistic subjects performed significantly differently on the two types of tasks. The failure of the autistic subjects on the Baron-Cohen task with their concurrent success on the other tasks can be attributed to differences in the predictability of the protagonists’ reactions and the transience of the stimuli used in these tasks.
A visual perspective taking task required subjects to consider the visual perspective of several other people, represented by dolls. In this multi-observer task they made far more errors than normal or retarded controls, thus further implicating autistic subjects’ difficulty in integration of multiple perspectives.
Contrary to expectations, autistic subjects did not perform significantly differently from control subjects on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task. Lack of group differences may in part be due to the relatively poor performance of the control subjects rather than unexpectedly good performance by the autistic subjects. Autistic subjects performed significantly better on a revised version of the Wisconsin card sorting test which made the sorting rules explicit than they did on the original version.
Results in all three domains, analogy, perspective taking and card sorting, supported the hypothesis that autistic people have an impaired ability to integrate information.
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Lo, Pui-yi. "The difference in electrical conductance of acupoints between normal non-dysphonic subjects and subjects with dysphonia." Click to view the E-thesis via HKU Scholars Hub, 2007. http://lookup.lib.hku.hk/lookup/bib/B42005814.
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Thesis (B.Sc)--University of Hong Kong, 2007."A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Science (Speech and Hearing Sciences), The University of Hong Kong, June 30, 2007." Includes bibliographical references (p. 19-21). Also available in print.
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Anichini, Gabriele, and Maria Grazia Cusi. "Immune response analysis to Measles virus in subjects vaccinated with MMR vaccine and naturally infected subjects." Doctoral thesis, Università di Siena, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11365/1183352.
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Measles virus belongs to the Morbillivirus genus, Paramixoviridae family. It is the causative agent of a highly contagious acute infective disease, typical of infancy, characterized by fever, skin rash, cough and conjunctivitis, and a generalized immune suppression (Griffin, 2013). The virus is transmitted through the respiratory tract, multiplicates in its upper part and in regional lymph nodes, thus resulting in lymphatic and hematic dissemination with appearance of first clinical signs after 9-19 days (de Vries et al., 2015). In 30% of the cases, complications in the lower respiratory tract or the central nervous system (CNS) can occur. The first sign of infection is represented by an early immune depression, due to the loss of B and T immune memory cells (Mina et al., 2015), resulting in an increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and to life-threatening complications such as pneumonia and/or gastro-intestinal disease (de Vries et al., 2015). However, this type of disease is paradoxically associated with the induction of a strong and specific immune response to the virus, which is usually permanent (Laksono et al., 2016). There is no specific treatment against measles, and this is the reason why vaccination is considered the best strategy against the virus. Furthermore, the monotypic nature of the virus and the lack of an animal reservoir, make measles a considerable candidate for eradication (Rota et al., 2016).
Although a combined vaccine, called MMR (measles, mumps and rubella) is used in routinely vaccination schedule, measles remains a significative cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly during infancy (Moss & Griffin, 2012; Wolfson et al., 2009; Nandy et al., 2003). MMR live attenuated vaccine is very efficacious in protecting people against measles, mumps, and rubella, and preventing the complications caused by these diseases. The measles virus contained in the vaccine is represented by the live attenuated Edmoston B strain. The World Health Organization recommends two doses of vaccine for all children and adults; the first dose should be given at 13-15 months of age. The second dose is often done at 5 - 6 years, in Italy. About 3 out of 100 people who get two doses of MMR vaccine will get measles if exposed to the virus. However, they are more likely to have a milder illness, and are also less likely to spread the disease to other people (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2018). Epidemiologic studies have shown that the level of neutralizing antibodies at the time of exposure to wild type (WT) virus in the community is a good indicator of protection from infection, with higher titers necessary to prevent infection than to prevent disease (rash) (Chen et al., 1990). High avidity antibodies are required to neutralize CD150-mediated WT MeV infection of lymphoid cells (Polack et al., 2003). However, levels of circulating anti-measles neutralizing antibody tend to reduce or even to fade during lifetime, especially among vaccinated subjects (Kennedy et al., 2019;
Davidkin et al., 2008; Carryn et al., 2019; Seagle et al., 2018; Gonçalves et al., 2015; Le Baron et al., 2007). Because CD4+ T cell help is required for isotype and affinity maturation of antibody-secreting cells, B cell memory and maturation of CD8+ T cell memory, cellular immune response is also important for the induction of protective immunity (Laksono et al., 2018).
All these things highlight the necessity to invest on studies focused on the correlates of protection against Measles virus. Recent evaluation systems for vaccines point towards the measurement of Tcell quality with regards to cytokine secretion as a protective correlate in addition to antibody titers in serum during the course of an immune response. Although the generation of immune memory supports the concept of vaccine efficacy, direct assessment of immune memory cells and their precursors has not yet been established as a correlate of protection. With the growing knowledge on the phenotype, function and localization of the immune memory cells in the body, researchers think that these cells may provide a novel correlate of protection for evaluation of more efficacious vaccines.
Finally, transcriptome-level characterization (mRNA-Seq data) of responses to measles virus stimulation in antibody responders (either vaccinated or naturally infected) and those who have not responded to the vaccine, could help to identify plausible regulators (genes/pathways) that drive the observed differences among these subjects. Such study may help to develop a panel of biomarkers to monitor, besides the antibody response, the immune response to measles vaccine with the aim to protect, in case of outbreaks, not only the fragile subjects, but also the vaccinated subjects who eventually become seronegative along the time, with a booster composed of specific, immunogenic MeV proteins.
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Soschen, Alona. "On subjects and predicates in Russian." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28967.
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The present dissertation under the title On Subjects and Predicates in Russian discusses relevant linguistic theories in connection with subject positions and predication relations, and presents some issues that have not, in my view, been addressed in the linguistic literature so far. I offer a new approach to sentential structure in light of the most recent developments within the framework of Chomsky's Minimalist Program (Chomsky, 1993, 1995, 2001a, 2001b). The aim of this dissertation is to integrate the cognitively based lexical semantics approach and the formal analyses with relation to philosophy and logic of language. This study employs case theory and predication theory in a way of relating semantic components to formal syntactic descriptions. The thesis has the following structure: Chapter I. Russian Impersonal Sentences; Chapter II. Pron in Russian and Hebrew, and SER/ESTAR in Spanish; Chapter III. On Small Clauses and Predication; Chapter IV. On Reflexivity, Passivization, and Case Assignment; Chapter V. A Minimalist Approach to Subjects and Predicates. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Carlson, Angela Licia. "Mindful subjects, classification and cognitive disability." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0026/NQ35122.pdf.
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Evans, Trena. "Late medieval meditations on translating subjects." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ58130.pdf.
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Droge, Janet. "Syllogistic inferencing in brain injured subjects." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63852.
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Bicknell, Martin James. "Stressed subjects : Lacanian discourses at work." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.498572.
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Wong, Ming-fai Patrick, and 黃明暉. "Integrating computer literacy across different subjects." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29599908.
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Krause, Cornelia (Cornelia Ann) 1972. "On reduced relatives with genitive subjects." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8195.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Linguistics and Philosophy, 2001.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 222-232).
What is the place of relatives with genitive subjects in a typology of relative clauses? Are they full or reduced, headed or free relatives? Can they appear pre- and postnominally? Can they be head-internal relatives? Are they finite or non-finite? Can they be restrictives and appositives? These are the questions that this thesis will address. Full relatives have nominative subjects. Thus, relatives with genitive subjects are not full relatives. Relatives with genitive subjects share, however, many properties with reduced relatives. Among others, both prohibit relative pronouns and complementizers. Both employ participles, i.e., verbs that lack tense but exhibit nominal properties. Both prohibit nominative subjects. Therefore, it will be argued that relative clauses with genitive subjects are reduced relatives. There exists, however, one difference between relative clauses with genitive subjects and standard reduced relatives. Only the former permits non-subject relativization. It will be argued that reduced relatives are headed by a NP and that the difference in permitting genitive subjects is caused by a difference in the case licensing mechanisms within this NP. Only if N can license structural genitive case can a language have relative clauses with genitive subjects. The verb in reduced relatives lacks tense. If the finite/non-finite distinction is based on the presence of tense, then reduced relatives are non-finite clauses.
(cont.) Furthermore, there are no non-finite free relatives. Thus, reduced relatives must be headed relatives. Finally, reduced relatives cannot be appositives. Appositives are full clauses. Thus, reduced relatives can only be restrictive relatives. In certain contexts, however, reduced relatives permit another reading. They can receive Free Adjunct interpretations. This is because Free Adjuncts too are smaller than CP. Thus they depend on the matrix clause for their temporal interpretation. This can result in a reading according to which the events in the matrix and the adjunct clause co-occur, i.e., in a when-reading and in an if-reading if the matrix clause contains a modal. The reading that is always available to reduced adjunct clauses is the because-reading, which as a default is the most salient way for the adjunct to establish a logical connection to the matrix clause.
by Cornelia Krause.
Ph.D.
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Chadwick, Rachelle Joy. "Paradoxical Subjects - Women Telling Birth Stories." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8187.
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This study focuses on the construction of subjectivity in and through the telling of birth stories. Drawing on 50 interviews with middle-class women, most of who "chose" to birth either at home or via elective caesarean section, the thesis explores how women make birth "choices" and "experience" home-birth and caesarean-birth within a South African setting. Furthermore, by employing a range of theoretical resources, including the work of Julia Kristeva, Simone de Beauvoir, Iris Young and materialist feminists such as Nancy Hartsock and Maria Mies, this study explores the forms of embodied subjectivity that emerge in birth narratives. Engaging in both an ideological analysis and a narrative analysis, the thesis shows how women's "choices" and "experiences" are always situated within or in relation to cultural story lines, dominant ideologies and material contexts. However, at the same time, through the use of a Kristevan theory of bodieslanguage- subjectivity, the thesis also demonstrates how "the body" itself often becomes transfused into women's talk about birth, resulting in paradoxical and contradictory forms of subjectivity.
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Madden, John P. "Temporal resolution in hearing-impaired subjects /." The Ohio State University, 1990. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148768520496869.
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Ortega-Santos, Iván. "Projecting subjects in Spanish and English." College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/8182.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2008.Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Linguistics. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Hall, Jonathan Mark. "Unwilling subjects : psychoanalysis and Japanese modernity /." Diss., Digital Dissertations Database. Restricted to UC campuses, 2003. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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von, Hippel Eric, Nikolaus Franke, and Reinhard Wilhelm Prügl. "Pyramiding: Efficient search for rare subjects." Elsevier, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2009.07.005.
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The need to economically identify rare subjects within large, poorly-mapped search spaces is a frequently-encountered problem for social scientists and managers. It is notoriously difficult, for example, to identify "the best new CEO for our company," or the "best three lead users to participate in our product development project." Mass screening of entire populations or samples becomes steadily more expensive as the number of acceptable solutions within the search space becomes rarer.
The search strategy of "pyramiding" is a potential solution to this problem under many conditions. Pyramiding is a search process based upon the idea that people with a strong interest in a topic or field tend to know people more expert than themselves. In this paper we report upon four experiments empirically exploring the efficiency of pyramiding searches relative to mass screening. We find that pyramiding on average identified the most expert individual in a group on a specific topic with only 28.4% of the group interviewed - a great efficiency gain relative to mass screening. Further, pyramiding identified one of the top 3 experts in a population after interviewing only
15.9% of the group on average. We discuss conditions under which the pyramiding search method is likely to be efficient relative to screening.
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Bowers, Jeffrey Scott. "Priming of nonwords in normal subjects." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186214.
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A series of 5 experiments assessed implicit and explicit memory for words and nonwords. Experiments 1-2 assessed memory for words and legal nonwords (e.g. KERS) following a levels-of-processing manipulation and a study/test modality shift manipulation, respectively. Robust priming was observed for words and nonwords in both experiments, and an implicit/explicit dissociation was observed for nonwords in Experiment 1. Experiment 3 observed a double dissociation between implicit and explicit memory for words and legal nonwords following a study condition that confounded the above levels-of-processing and study/test modality shift manipulations. Experiment 4 observed robust priming for legal and illegal nonwords (e.g., XYKS) that dissociated from explicit memory following a levels-of-processing manipulation. Finally, Experiment observed significant negative priming for legal nonwords when the lexical decision task was used. These experiments suggest that implicit memory can extend to legal and illegal nonwords.
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Drewer, Holly B. "Reaction Time Crossover in Schizotypal Subjects." W&M ScholarWorks, 1990. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625639.
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GRECO, CIRO. "Subjects and arguments in a-syntax." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/50065.
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In this essay, I will examine some murky questions concerning the theory of A’-movement in Italian. I will focus on two main empirical problems: the behaviour of Criterial Subjects (Rizzi 2006) and the syntax of multiple wh-questions in Italian. Both these domain of inquiry pose some questions about the restrictions that A’-movement has to respect and the consequences that these restrictions have on the superficial form of languages. The aim of this study is to show that many idiosyncratic properties concerning these two empirical domains can be explained by a rather simple theory of syntactic computation.
The general picture that will emerge is that the syntactic computation in many A’- constructions can be described as a quite simple device, which is limited by (rather) independent interface requirements (Chomsky 1995 and subsequent works) and by some structural characteristics of the left periphery (Rizzi 1997, Cinque & Rizzi 2008). Moreover, it will emerge that the syntactic computation can make use of different strategies to circumvent these restrictions.
In Chapter 2, I will go through a long-standing problem concerning the position of subjects in a number of A’-constructions in Romance languages. I will show, that some puzzling restrictions on the position of subjects can be explained adopting two basic elements: a feature-based theory of locality (Starke 2001, Rizzi 2004, Abels 2012) and a quantificational theory of Criterial Subjects (Bianchi & Chesi, to appear). I will argue that it is possible to derive a wide empirical range of data in a number of Romance Languages, from these two basic ingredients.
In Chapter 3, I will examine a rather neglected group of Italian constructions, namely Multiple wh-questions. I will show that Italian displays a rather complex behaviour with respect to these structures, much more complex than previously thought. The idea is that
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the whole pattern of data can be derived by two simple restrictions on A’-constructions. On the one hand, Italian is restricted to have only one position for wh-phrases in the left periphery of the clause (Rizzi 1997); on the other hand, only a sub-class of wh-phrases can be interpreted without being moved, namely argumental wh-phrases (Reinhardt 1997, 1998). I will argue that these two well-known restrictions force the syntactic computation to employ different circumvention strategies, from which the complex pattern of data emerges. I will argue that coordination turns out to be a flexible tool that syntax employs to build multiple wh-questions in compliance with the restrictions mentioned above.
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Patti, Manoela. "Gli Alleati nel lungo dopoguerra del Mezzogiorno (1943-1946)." Thesis, Universita' degli Studi di Catania, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/302.
Full textAbstract:
A partire dallo sbarco alleato in Sicilia, il 10 luglio del 1943, inizia il lungo percorso del dopoguerra dell'Italia meridionale, che una felice espressione di Nicola Gallerano ha definito l'"altro dopoguerra", distinguendone il peculiare percorso da quello resistenziale. Tema della ricerca e' dunque la ricostruzione e l'analisi dell'occupazione alleata nel Mezzogiorno d'Italia, tra il 1943 e il 1946, attraverso le fonti della Commissione di Controllo Alleata. La Commissione, un organismo formato in prevalenza da militari, americani e britannici,opero' in Italia come strumento alleato per garantire il rispetto dei termini dell'armistizio, costruendo un poderoso sistema amministrativo tramite cui governare l'Italia fino alla fine del conflitto. In questa cornice si colloca il processo di transizione dell'Italia dal fascismo alla democrazia, attraverso le molteplice problematiche del dopoguerra. La fame, il mercato nero,la criminalita' mafiosa e il separatismo in Sicilia, la nascita del movimento di occupazione delle terre nel Mezzogiorno, sono tutte tematiche che emergono con forza dall'analisi delle fonti alleate. Scopo del lavoro e' comprendere se e in che misura gli Alleati seppero far fronte ai problemi dell'occupazione, e in che modo si articolo' la relazione fra vinti e vincitori da un lato, e fra governi alleati e Commissione Alleata dall'altro. Ampio spazio e' dedicato anche al tema dell'identita', soprattutto per quanto riguarda la partecipazione al conflitto degli italo-americani.From the Allies landing in Sicily, on 1oTh july 1943, the post war phase starts in the Southern Italy. This work studies and analyzes the Allies occupation in Italy by the Allied Control Commission papers. The thesis reconstructs the Allies administrative machine and the relationship between Acc leadership and Allies governments.The other topic is people life in the war hardships, and the Allies ability to manage with the many problems in the occupied territories.In this hard challenge,which the Allies didn't win at all times,Italy passes from fascism to a new democratic government, but the burden of allies occupation isn't not always easy to carry on.In this picture, an important part is played from Italian-americans:in the assimilation process, indeed, the war experience in Italy represents the key to be finally Americans. And also the Roosevelt war strategy to take advantage of this. With licterature and stories, the work reserves one important chapter to this topic.
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Sirena, Concetta. "Le elites urbane di Siracusa e Noto Sistemi locali e nuova politica nell'Ottocento borbonico." Thesis, Universita' degli Studi di Catania, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/303.
Full textAbstract:
Il lavoro analizza il rinnovamento che attraversa la societa' dopo lo spartiacque della Rivoluzione francese in una realta' periferica, la Sicilia Sud Orientale, rispetto ai centri propulsori dell'economia capitalistica.
Sullo sfondo della nuova politica, con la riforma amministrativa borbonica del 1817 per la prima volta le nascenti borghesie di Noto e Siracusa emergono scena pubblica, partecipano alle gestione del potere locale e alla distribuzione di impieghi pubblici. Si aprono nuove opportunita' dalla modifica delle gerarchie territoriali: cosi', le elites delle due citta' intraprendono una gara municipalistica, lontana dai vecchi localismi d' Ancien Regime, ma si auto-rappresentano verso il potere centrale utilizzando forme e linguaggi moderni innestati dalle riforme borboniche.
Sono molti i nobili e i borghesi che assumono un ruolo dinamico anche nell'economia, affrontando investimenti per piantare le lucrose colture votate all'esportazione, come vite e in misura minore gli agrumi. La risorsa della provincia e' il vino, che, stipato su piccole imbarcazioni, parte dai numerosi porti e rade del lungo litorale sudorientale prendendo la via di Malta, d©p´t del commercio internazionale inglese.
Il censo sostituisce il criterio ascrittivo della nobilta' logorando le barriere dei confini sociali e le regole della stratificazione, stimolando la nascita di nuove forme di sociabilita' delle elites. Nella provincia, caffe', case di conversazione e gabinetti letterari sono i luoghi in cui i notabili dei paesi imbastiscono reti sociali, e, tra una partita a carte e un bicchiere di rosolio, concludono affari e parlano di politica, ma a voce bassa per sfuggire ai controlli di polizia.
Il brusio alza il tono durante gli eventi rivoluzionari che costellano il XIX secolo, 1820-21, 1837, 1848 e 1860. Cospirazioni, rivolte e insorgenze si sono rivelate un punto di osservazione privilegiato per studiare come le classi dirigenti delle due citta' si compongono e ricompongono e dimostrazione di quanto la Sicilia dell'Ottocento borbonico non sia affatto "immobile".
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Mannino, Francesco. "Genesi di periferie storiche tra retaggi e paesaggi nella Catania del XIX-XX secolo." Thesis, Universita' degli Studi di Catania, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/307.
Full textAbstract:
La ricerca condotta sul tema "Genesi di periferie storiche tra retaggi e paesaggi nella Catania del XIX-XX secolo" ha puntato a soddisfare alcuni quesiti relativi alle dinamiche territoriali che portarono, tra Otto e Novecento, allo sviluppo di quel territorio oggi convenzionalmente descritto da quartieri quali Angeli Custodi, San Cristoforo e parte del Fortino.
Il caso di studio di Catania sud e dei quartieri rappresenta un utile esempio di applicazione della categoria di Paesaggio Urbano Storico in un contesto di citta' mediterranea contemporanea. Gli elementi di urbanizzazione connessi allo sviluppo industriale, la condizione di periferia con netta valenza storica, la caratteristica di spazio capace di attirare popolazioni provenienti da aree rurali di retroterra ed entroterra, sommate alla percezione che la citta' tutta sviluppo' nei suoi confronti, permette di leggere l'area dei tre quartieri sia dal punto di vista degli outsiders che da quello degli insiders, nel contesto del dibattito sulla storia dei quartieri, sul paesaggio e sulla pianificazione urbana.The research titled "Genesi di periferie storiche tra retaggi e paesaggi nella Catania del XIX-XX secolo" intended to answer some questions about territorial behaviors and history, that played a role "in nineteenth and twentieth century " in the development of the urban space corresponding to the districts Angeli Custodi, San Cristoforo and a part of Fortino. The case study of south of Catania and its districts is a useful example to apply the category of Historic Urban Landscape to a contemporary Mediterranean city. The urban development related to industrial growth; the condition of a historical suburb; the capacity to attract the people from rural areas; peopleâ s perception have of this area: all these help us to understand the south area considering the insiders and outsidersâ point of view, in the international discussion about districts history, urban landscape and planning.
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Pioletti, Giuseppe. "Stato ed economia nel pensiero di J.Ch.L. Simonde de Sismondi." Thesis, Universita' degli Studi di Catania, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/309.
Full textAbstract:
La ricerca ha come oggetto lo studio dei principi costitutivi del pensiero economico e politico-costituzionale di J.Ch.L Simonde de Sismondi al fine di coglierne i nessi interni e le corrispondenze. Sulla base di una sistematica analisi condotta innanzitutto sulle fonti e quindi a partire dal vaglio della vasta bibliografia critica esistente sul pensiero del Ginevrino, si prendono in esame il contesto in cui visse e opero', i contributi da lui apportati nel campo dell'analisi economica e di quella dei sistemi costituzionali. Viene proposta un'interpretazione che coglie il carattere "interdisciplinare" delle sue ricerche e i peculiari aspetti sistematici del suo pensiero, caratterizzato da uno sviluppo non sempre lineare, riflesso quest'ultimo, della complessita' dei tempi nei quali egli visse.This study investigates the fundamental principles of the J.Ch.L Sismonde de Sismondi's economic and political thought as an integrated whole. Based on the systematic analysis of the original sources compared with the vast bibliography about the Genevan author, the research reconstructs the backgrounds where he lived and his contributions to the fields of the economic and constitutional systems' analysis. The main aims is to prove the interdisciplinary approach of Sismondi's researches, their sometimes non-linear developing as a effect of the complexity of the historical time where he lived.
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Pesce, Antonio Giovanni. "L'etica dell'intersoggettività in Giovanni Gentile." Thesis, Universita' degli Studi di Catania, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/308.
Full textAbstract:
Il pensiero di Giovanni Gentile e' stato spesso accusato di essere una forma di misticismo o di solipsismo. La tesi che qui si sostiene e', invece, che la cifra intima dell'attualismo gentiliano sia l'intersoggettivita'. Grazie alla letture delle fonti del pensiero di Gentile, e all'analisi dei fondamenti teorici del suo pensiero, si e' tentato di dimostrare come l'atto del pensiero prenda identita' facendosi "persona".
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Caruso, Alfio. "Il piano Marshall e l'economia siciliana, 1947-1952." Thesis, Universita' degli Studi di Catania, 2011.
Find full textAbstract:
Il periodo 1947-1952 e' ricco di avvenimenti storici fondamentali per la ricostruzione democratica del mondo occidentale. In questo panorama occupa un ruolo preminente il Piano Marshall, programma di aiuti straordinari attuato dagli Stati Uniti per avviare la ricostruzione europea. La Sicilia ricevette numerose somme dal Fondo à à à à à ¢ Lire, ma non riusci', nonostante cio' ad uscire dalla sua condizione di area depressa.
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Margaza, Panagiota. "The distribution of subjects in L2 Spanish and L2 Greek." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/665809.
Full textAbstract:
El objetivo de esta tesis es estudiar la distribución de los sujetos en español y en griego como L2, dado que ambas lenguas comparten la propiedad del sujeto nulo. Por eso, representan un término de comparación relevante con respecto a la Hipótesis de la Interfaz, muy influyente en la adquisición de segundas lenguas. En particular, examino la validez de dos versiones de esta hipótesis, la IH-1 que establece complejidad de la adquisición en los niveles de interfaz (Sorace and Filiaci, 2006) y la IH-2, que establece que es más fácil la adquisición de las interfaces internas en comparación con las interfaces externas (Tsimpli and Sorace, 2006). He diseñado un total de ocho experimentos, que incluyen tareas de juicios de aceptabilidad, tareas de selección del orden y tareas de selección múltiple. Los dominios empíricos examinados son la producción de los sujetos nulos y explícitos, y la distribución de los sujetos con diferentes clases verbales (inergativos, inacusativos y transitivos) y diferentes contextos discursivos (foco amplio, foco estrecho, mantenimiento y cambio de referencia, contextos (no)-contrastivos y adverbiales). Las tareas se administraron a estudiantes intermedios y avanzados y hablantes nativos de español y griego. Los resultados obtenidos indican que los estudiantes eran capaces de producir la forma acertada de los sujetos en los contextos apropiados, pero no eludieron estructuras erróneas, por ejemplo en la distinción de verbos inergativos e inacusativos en contextos informativos en español L2 y en la posición de los sujetos inacusativos en griego L2. El nivel de competencia parece ejercer un papel en contextos pragmáticos, pero no en todos los casos; el tipo de tarea también tuvo un efecto en los resultados. Más crucial para mis objetivos, el análisis de los resultados indicó que el comportamiento de los estudiantes no cumplió las IH-1 e IH-2 porque no mostró dificultades con la adquisición de las propiedades sintácticas-pragmáticas de los sujectos en todos los casos, y tampoco distinguieron las propiedades sintácticas-semánticas de todas las clases verbales. Por lo tanto, los resultados demuestran que no todas las propiedades de las interfaces internas o externas son igualmente fáciles o difíciles de adquirir en L2 (véase Montrul, 2011; White 2011, para otras combinaciones de lenguas). En contra de Rothman (2009), el comportamiento de los estudiantes menos avanzados no responde a las predicciones de ninguna de las dos versiones de la IH. En general, la implicación de la pragmática no es un buen predictor de la adquisición de una lengua segunda, al menos para la combinación de griego-español.The aim of this thesis is to study the distribution of subjects in L2 Spanish and L2 Greek, given the fact that Greek and Spanish share the property of being null subject languages. For this reason, they represent an interesting context for comparison with respect to the Interface Hypothesis, one of the most influential hypotheses on second language acquisition. In particular, I test the validity of two versions of this hypothesis, the IH-1, which locates the complexity of acquisition at the interface levels (Sorace and Filiaci, 2006), and the IH-2, which postulates an easier acquisition of the internal interfaces as compared to the external interfaces (Tsimpli and Sorace, 2006). To this end, I designed a total of eight experiments, including acceptability judgment tasks, word order selection tasks and multiple choice tasks. The empirical domains tested were the production of null and overt subjects, and the distribution of subjects with different verbs classes (unergative, unaccusative, transitive) and different discourse contexts (broad focus, narrow focus, reference maintenance, reference shift, (non)-contrastive, adverbial). They were administered to L2 intermediate and advanced learners and native speakers of Spanish and Greek. The results obtained indicate that the L2 learners were able to produce the felicitous type of subjects in the appropriate contexts, but they did not always avoid infelicitous structures, such as the unergative/unaccusative distinction in informational contexts in L2 Spanish, and the position of the subjects of unaccusatives in L2 Greek. Competence level seemed to play a role in some pragmatic contexts, but not always; the type of task also had an impact on the results. More critically, the analysis of the results indicated that the performance of the L2 learners did not fulfil the IH-1 and the IH-2, as they did not always show difficulties with the acquisition of the syntactic-pragmatic properties of subjects, and at the same time they did not distinguish the syntactic-semantic properties of all verb classes. Thus, the results confirmed that not all internal or external interface properties were equally easy or difficult to acquire in L2, as found by Montrul (2011) and White (2011) for other language combinations. Against Rothman (2009), it was also found that neither version of the IH accounted for the performance of the less advanced learners. Overall, the involvement of pragmatics was not decisive for the acquisition of a second language, at least for the combination Greek-Spanish.
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Mei, Tao. "Operator valued Hardy spaces and related subjects." Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4427.
Full textAbstract:
We give a systematic study of the Hardy spaces of functions with values in
the non-commutative Lp-spaces associated with a semifinite von Neumann algebra
M. This is motivated by matrix valued harmonic analysis (operator weighted norm
inequalities, operator Hilbert transform), as well as by the recent development of
non-commutative martingale inequalities. Our non-commutative Hardy spaces are
defined by non-commutative Lusin integral functions. It is proved in this dissertation
that they are equivalent to those defined by the non-commutative Littlewood-Paley
G-functions.
We also study the Lp boundedness of operator valued dyadic paraproducts and
prove that their Lq boundedness implies their Lp boundedness for all 1 < q < p < âÂÂ.
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Sedighi, Anousha. "Quirky subjects: Do they exist in Persian?" Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6140.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis studies the nature of certain subject-like NPs in Persian and examines whether or not they can be considered "Quirky Subjects". Quirky subjects are subject-like NP's that bear non-nominative case and a non-agentive theta role, yet have some properties of subjects. This work demonstrates that subject-like NPs in Persian are neither subjects nor, quirky subjects. In fact, they are "Left-dislocated constituents". In these constructions the reason for the default format of the verb is the nature of the subject, which is the psychological state rather than the subject-like NP (experiencer). Moreover, the notion of "Subject" and "Subjecthood" will be discussed and the claim that subject is not a rigid concept will be supported.
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Sheehan, Michelle Louise. "The EPP and null subjects in Romance." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.435535.
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Carmichael, Christine (Erst). "Exploration of critical thinking in environmental subjects." University of Technology, Sydney. Faculty of Education, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2100/420.
Full textAbstract:
This qualitative research study investigated the expression of critical thinking in environmental subjects at university level in Australia. It also explored the strategies used by lecturers to encourage student critical thinking. Initially an open-ended questionnaire was sent to lecturers and tutors in universities across Australia and the responses from thirty participants were analysed thematically. From these participants semi-structured interviews were arranged with six lecturers and eight students from three different universities. The third phase of the research process involved analysing subject outlines and student assignments. Findings were triangulated to create a picture of the teaching and learning practices of critical thinking in this field. The three cases of Environmental Science, Environmental Engineering and Environmental Law were identified as having some common yet distinctively different themes in relation to critical thinking. In each discipline area three broad approaches to the expression of critical thinking were identified: scientific/technical, paradigmatic and reflective. The scientific/technical approach in science was most concerned with critique of experiments and studies, in engineering with problem solving and in law with the technical aspects of language and application of the law. The paradigmatic approach included critical analysis of the different theories, frameworks and paradigms of each subject. The reflective approach to critical thinking included students’ self evaluation of their learning within a specific subject. Notable differences between the three cases were the types of strategies used by lecturers to encourage student critical thinking. The Environmental Science lecturers were more inclined to use a wide variety of strategies, including provision of written material about critical thinking with critical thinking identified in marking criteria, discussion in class and guided exercises. The Environmental Engineering lecturers placed more emphasis on discussion in class than on providing written materials. The Environmental Law lecturers predominantly focused on the strategy of debating in class for the development of student critical thinking. The findings of this study are significant in providing support for the argument that development of critical thinking is subject specific rather than generic. This calls into question the use of generic skills testing for university graduates as a reliable measure of their ability to think critically in their field. The findings indicate that it is necessary for subject lecturers to be explicit with students about their expectations regarding critical thinking, particularly in relation to assessment. Findings suggest guidelines for lecturers including strategies and attitudes that encourage or hinder student critical thinking. Findings also suggest that the nature of the field of environmental and sustainability subjects lends itself to developing critical thinking, which is considered to be important.
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Brown, Annette I. "Functional adaptation to exercise in elderly subjects." Curtin University of Technology, School of Physiotherapy, 2002. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=12562.
Full textAbstract:
Maintenance of physical function with advancing age is vital to continued independent living, which is highly valued by older people. Although commonly associated with the ageing process, loss of functional ability may well be accelerated by inactivity and subsequent decreasing physical capacities, such as muscle performance or balance abilities. The impact of increased levels of activity on physical performance and functional ability was investigated by a single blind randomised controlled study.Two intervention programs, one based on increased levels of physical activity and the second on increased levels of social activity, were provided to a group of community-living participants aged 75 years and over. Another group, receiving no intervention was also included. The exercise intervention offered twice weekly sessions of exercise over a 16-week period. This was designed and supervised by physiotherapists. The social intervention offered a weekly, two-hour session over 13 weeks. Baseline, post-intervention and follow-up assessments measured aspects of physical performance (muscle, balance, gait and step height performance) and functional ability (tiredness of limbs, mobility tiredness and the need for assistance with mobility and activities of daily living). In addition, all participants completed a monthly health and falls report. One hundred and forty-nine subjects were admitted into the study with 108 completing the intervention phase and all four assessments.Analysis of data indicated that the exercise intervention was effective in improving muscle performance (shoulder abduction mean difference 13.00, 95%CI 11.63-14.37; hip abduction mean difference 5.97, 95%CI 4.73-7.20; knee flexion mean difference 4.10, 95%CI 3.32-4.88; dorsiflexion mean difference 4.72, 95%CI 3.74-5.71), dynamic balance ability (Functional Reach mean difference 11.45, 95%CI 9.41-13.48), ++maximal gait speed (mean difference 0.62, 95%CI 0.50-0.74) and step height performance (mean difference 0.19, 95%CI 0.01-0.29). Improvements in dynamic balance and maximal walk performance were maintained for a period of four months following cessation of the intervention. The social program did not affect aspects of physical performance.Functional improvements were evident for both exercise and social subjects. Immediate improvements in limb tiredness (upper mean difference 0.37, 95%CI -0.11-0.84; lower mean difference 0.63, 95%CI 0.37-0.89) and mobility tiredness (mean difference 1.43, 95%CI 1.16-1.70) and activities of daily living dependence (mean difference 0.25, 95%CI -0.23-0.75) were demonstrated. Four and eight months later, exercise subjects had maintained the improvement in mobility tiredness and activities of daily living dependence. Mobility dependence showed a delayed improvement in both the exercise and social intervention participants. This improvement was not evident immediately following intervention, but emerged at both the four and eight month follow-up assessments.An intention to treat analysis (involving both completing and non-completing subjects) confirmed the usefulness of the exercise intervention as a strategy to improve and maintain functional ability in older subjects, specifically with regard to tiredness of the lower limbs, tiredness during mobility tasks and activities of daily living dependence. In addition, following the cessation of the exercise intervention, participants reported less mobility tiredness and dependence in activities of daily living tasks over the following eight-month period.The relationship between physical performance and functional ability indicated that muscle performance and limb tiredness were significantly associated. Decreased muscle performance of the upper limb was associated with reports of increased ++
tiredness during functional activities involving the upper limb, such as combing hair and dressing the upper body. Similarly, decreased muscle performance of the lower limb, especially proximally, was associated with increasing tiredness of the lower limb during functional activities. Further, decreased proximal muscle performance of both the upper and lower limb was significantly associated with decreasing independence in the performance of physical activities of daily living. These results indicate the significant influence of muscle performance on functional ability, especially on tiredness of the limbs and activities of daily living dependence.The ability to predict future functional limitation, based on decreasing physical performance, was examined and shown to be of limited value. Hip muscle performance and changes in usual gait speed were poorly associated with increased lower limb tiredness and dependence in physical activities of daily living respectively. The lack of a robust relationship between variables of physical performance and functional ability measures indicates that loss of physical performance is not strongly associated with the development of functional limitations.Self-reported falls were monitored throughout the study. A significant increase in the number of participants reporting falls was evident in both the social intervention group and the control group throughout the study. In contrast, there was no change in the number of exercise participants reporting falls. These results suggest that the exercise intervention was effective at minimising the usual increase in the number of older people experiencing falls over time.The results of this study suggest that the exercise intervention program was effective in improving physical performance in elderly subjects. This also resulted in improved functional ability. Positive effects continued ++
following completion of the program as improvements in mobility and activities of daily living tasks were demonstrated for a further eight months. By contrast, the social intervention program appeared to influence only the need for help with mobility tasks in the longer term.Increased physical activity, in the form of an exercise intervention program, specifically designed for community-living elderly people, can improve and maintain functional ability, both immediately and for up to eight months following the completion of the program. As such, involvement in exercise, even in the short-term, should be encouraged as a means of maintaining physical independence in later life. Therapists devising exercise programs specifically for older people should ensure that the associated outcome measures incorporate assessments of functional ability and not simply measures of impairment. This study has demonstrated that a real benefit of increased physical activity in older people may well be the increased physical independence associated with participation.
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Lee, Rick. "Split subjects and other(ed) Victorian bodies." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq22537.pdf.
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Taylor, Valerie Gail. "The journals of women, subjects, simulacra, selfing." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0014/MQ30037.pdf.
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Brown, Annette Isobel. "Functional adaptation to exercise in elderly subjects /." Full text available, 2002. http://adt.curtin.edu.au/theses/available/adt-WCU20030423.094914.
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Carmichael, Christine. "Exploration of critical thinking in environmental subjects /." Electronic version, 2006. http://epress.lib.uts.edu.au/dspace/handle/2100/420.
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