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1
Carr, Peter C. Analysis procedures and subjective flights results of a simulator validation and cue fidelity experiment. Edwards, Calif: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, Dryden Flight Research Facility, 1988.
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2
Hariri, Jacob Gerner, Christian Bjørnskov, and Mogens K. Justesen. Economic Shocks and Subjective Well-Being: Evidence from a Quasi-Experiment. The World Bank, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-7209.
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Hariri, Jacob Gerner, Christian Bjørnskov, and Mogens K. Justesen. Economic Shocks and Subjective Well-Being: Evidence from a Quasi-Experiment. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the World Bank, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/27692.
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National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Staff. Analysis Procedures and Subjective Flight Results of a Simulator Validation and Cue Fidelity Experiment. Independently Published, 2018.
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Fox-Cardamone, D. Lee. The experimental precursors of anti-nuclear activism: Attitudes, subjective norms and efficacy. 1990.
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Dalle Vacche, Angela. André Bazin's Film Theory. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190067298.001.0001.
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The best way to understand Bazin’s film theory is to pay attention to art, science, and religion, since spectatorship depends on perception, cognition, and hallucination. By arguing that this dissident Catholic’s worldview is anti-anthropocentric, Angela Dalle Vacche concludes that cinema recapitulates the history of evolution and technology inside our consciousness, so that we may better understand how we overlap with, but also differ from, animals, plants, objects, and machines. Whereas in “Art,” the author explains the difference between painting as a static object and the moving image as an event unfolding in time, in “Science,” she discusses Bazin’s dislike of classical geometry and Platonic algebra, his fascination with biology and modern calculus to underline his holistic Darwinism, and his anti-Euclidean mathematics of motion and contingency. Comparable to a religious practice, Bazin’s cinema is the only collective ritual of the twentieth century capable of fostering an emotional community by calling on critical self-interrogation and ethical awareness. Especially keen on Italian neorealism, Bazin argues that this sensibility thrives on beings and things displacing themselves in such a way as to turn the Other into a Neighbor. Bazin’s film theory acknowledges the equalizing impact of the camera lens, which is analogous to, but also different from, the human eye. In the cinema, two different kinds of eyes coexist: one is mechanical and objective, the other is human and subjective. By refusing to reshape the world according to an a priori thesis, Bazin’s idea of an anti-anthropocentric cinema seeks surprise, dialogue, risk, and experiment.
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Great Britain Royal Commission on Vivis. Report of the Royal Commission on the Practice of Subjecting Live Animals to Experiments for Scientific Purposes. Franklin Classics Trade Press, 2018.
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Report of the Royal Commission On the Practice of Subjecting Live Animals to Experiments for Scientific Purposes. Franklin Classics, 2018.
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Great Britain Royal Commission on Vivis. Report of the Royal Commission on the Practice of Subjecting Live Animals to Experiments for Scientific Purposes. Franklin Classics Trade Press, 2018.
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Great Britain Royal Commission on Vivis. Report of the Royal Commission on the Practice of Subjecting Live Animals to Experiments for Scientific Purposes. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2018.
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11
Eller, Jonathan R. An Emerging Sense of Critical Judgment. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036293.003.0014.
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This chapter examines Ray Bradbury's emerging sense of critical judgment toward literary work. Bradbury had trouble maintaining objectivity in assessing an author's work. For Bradbury, literary work is the expression of the author, and one cannot be separated from the other. His literary criticism involved looking for a glimpse of the author's soul in every word he read, and this is evident in his treatment of writers such as Ernest Hemingway and Aldous Huxley. This chapter considers how Bradbury came to understand some aspects of the great turn-of-the-century changes in American literature that led from romanticism to realism and on to the more subjective experiments of Modernism, as well as the earlier but parallel transitions in modern art into subjective forms like impressionism, expressionism, and surrealism. It also discusses Bradbury's reading of Frederic Prokosch's novels The Asiatics (1935) and The Seven Who Fled (1937), and especially the former influence on his fanzine tale “The Piper”.
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Ferguson, Sam. The Return of the Diary in Barthes’s ‘Vita Nova’. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198814535.003.0007.
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This chapter examines a moment when the literary avant-garde returned to diary-writing and the writing subject, by focusing on Roland Barthes’s experiments with the diary (journal intime). These experiments take place in the context of his project for a ‘Vita Nova’ (seeking a unification of his life and writing, and a new, subjective form of literature), and are all related to his mourning for his mother. His Journal de deuil (written 1977–1979) pursues an impossible ideal of diary-writing, in which a univocal, fully present writing subject expresses a valuable interior experience to produce a literary œuvre. The impossibility of this ideal leads Barthes to his reflections on the diary in the article ‘Délibération’, and then to an almost perfectly opposite form of diary-writing project, with Soirées de Paris. These two diaries, exploring opposite extremes of writing, are placed by Barthes as components within his imagined novel (Vita Nova).
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Krause-Utz, Annegret, Inga Niedtfeld, Julia Knauber, and Christian Schmahl. Neurobiology of Borderline Personality Disorder. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199997510.003.0006.
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In this chapter, neuroimaging findings in BPD are discussed referring to the three core domains of BPD psychopathology: disturbed emotion processing and emotion dysregulation (including dissociation and altered pain processing), behavioral dysregulation and impulsivity, and interpersonal disturbances. Experimental approaches investigating BPD psychopathology on the subjective, behavioral, and neurobiological levels have become increasingly important for an improved understanding of BPD. Over the past decades, neuroimaging has become one of the most important tools in clinical neurobiology. Neuroimaging includes a broad spectrum of methods such as positron emission tomography (PET), structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), MR spectroscopy, and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).
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Kilintari, Marina, and Andrew C. Papanicolaou. Imaging the Networks of Motor Cognition. Edited by Andrew C. Papanicolaou. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199764228.013.23.
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It has been suggested that we comprehend and imagine voluntary actions through the use of essentially the same neuronal networks that mediate their execution. Two hypotheses, named in the literature the “mirror” neuron and the “simulation” theory, both variants of the general notion of “embodied cognition” are briefly reviewed in the first section of this chapter in order to provide a context for the experimental findings presented in subsequent sections. The second and third sections juxtapose functional neuroimaging evidence largely supporting the embodied cognition theory insofar as recognition of actions and imagining of actions are concerned. The fourth and final section explores the clinical and the functional neuroimaging literature for evidence of a neuronal network that mediates our subjective experience of ownership of our own body.
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Ferdowsian, Hope. Ethical Problems Concerning the Use of Animals in Psychiatric Research. Edited by John Z. Sadler, K. W. M. Fulford, and Werdie (C W. ). van Staden. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198732372.013.16.
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A central dilemma in psychiatric research with nonhuman animals involves the recognition that they are capable of subjective experiences, including fear, distress, suffering, and some forms of psychopathology. These characteristics typically confer a high degree of moral protection since they seriously compromise an organism’s well-being. However, although intentionally inducing serious psychological harms in humans would be considered ethically impermissible, there is less attention to the scope and magnitude of harms imposed on nonhuman animals during the process of experimental justification. There are unresolved questions about how to weigh harms and benefits to humans and nonhuman animals. Despite advancements in understanding the emotional and cognitive capacities of nonhuman animals, these ethical problems are as relevant today as they were historically.
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Jappelli, Tullio, and Luigi Pistaferri. The Response of Consumption to Unanticipated Changes in Income. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199383146.003.0009.
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In this chapter we examine tests of the hypothesis that consumption will respond to unanticipated income changes and that the response will depend on the persistence of the shock and on the degree of imperfection in the credit and insurance markets. The literature has considered three approaches to estimating the effect of income shocks on consumption, that is, the marginal propensity to consume. One identifies episodes in which income changes unexpectedly and seeks to evaluate, in a quasi-experimental setting, how consumption reacts. A second estimates the marginal propensity to consume with respect to income shocks using the covariance restrictions imposed by theory on the joint behavior of consumption and income growth. The third estimates the impact of shocks by combining realizations and expectations of income or consumption in surveys where data on subjective expectations are available.
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Washburn, David A., Michael J. Beran, and J. David Smith. Metamemory in Comparative Context. Edited by John Dunlosky and Sarah (Uma) K. Tauber. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199336746.013.21.
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Demonstrations of animal memory were among the earliest experimental results obtained in psychology, but investigations of whether animals show metacognitive competencies are relatively new. Such investigations require innovative paradigms in which uncertainty can be created and empirically validated, methods by which nonverbal organisms can indicate their recognition of confidence or uncertainty, and systematic inquiry to determine whether such responses are externally, associatively generated or are subjective and metacognitive. This third point requires particular attention to balance competing considerations like anthropomorphism, parsimony, and interpretive errors, such as being too inclined to infer analogous mechanisms, or conversely to reject real demonstrations of animal metamemory by holding them to different evidentiary standards than is human metacognition. The results from numerous attempts to address these challenges are reviewed, yielding the overall conclusion that the capacity for metamemory and metacognition has been demonstrated at least by some animals in ways that defy low-level associative interpretation.
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Taiz, Lincoln, and Lee Taiz. Idealism and Asexualism in the Age of Goethe. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190490263.003.0016.
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The resurgence of asexualism in Germany in the nineteenth century coincided with the Naturphilosophie movement associated with Romanticism which arose in reaction to mechanical models of the universe, among them Baron d’Holbach’s. Johann Gottlieb Fichte, a Kant disciple, claimed that the “absolute ego” creates it’s own reality, which we mistake for the “real world”. Friedrich Wilhelm Schelling, the “philosopher king” of the Romantics, attempted a balance between Fichte’s subjective idealism and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe’s (relative) objectivism. In general, nature philosophers granted equal weight to reason and to the imagination, and adopted a pantheistic theology, influenced by Baruch Spinoza. Franz Joseph Schelver believed the production of seeds was a vegetative process. August Henschell dismissed Koelreuter’s hybrids as artifacts resulting from experimental damage. He thought the release of pollen freed the spiritual essence of the plant from base matter. Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel also challenged the sexual theory of plants.
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Ravetto-Biagioli, Kriss. Digital Uncanny. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190853990.001.0001.
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We are confronted with a new type of uncanny experience, an uncanny evoked by parallel processing, aggregate data, and cloud-computing. The digital uncanny does not erase the uncanny feeling we experience as déjà vu or when confronted with robots that are too lifelike. Today’s uncanny refers to how nonhuman devices (surveillance technologies, algorithms, feedback, and data flows) anticipate human gestures, emotions, actions, and interactions, intimating we are machines and our behavior is predicable because we are machinic. It adds another dimension to those feelings we get when we question whether our responses are subjective or automated—automated as in reducing one’s subjectivity to patterns of data and using those patterns to present objects or ideas that would then elicit one’s genuinely subjective—yet effectively preset—response. This anticipation of our responses is a feedback loop we have produced by designing software that studies our traces, inputs, and moves. Digital Uncanny explores how digital technologies, particularly software systems working through massive amounts of data, are transforming the meaning of the uncanny that Freud tied to a return of repressed memories, desires, and experiences to their anticipation. Through a close reading of interactive and experimental art works of Rafael Lozano-Hemmer, Bill Viola, Simon Biggs, Sue Hawksley, and Garth Paine, this book is designed to explore how the digital uncanny unsettles and estranges concepts of “self,” “affect,” “feedback,” and “aesthetic experience,” forcing us to reflect on our relationship with computational media and our relationship to others and our experience of the world.
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Smigel, Eric. Sights and Sounds of the Moving Mind. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190469894.003.0006.
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American experimental filmmaker Stan Brakhage revolutionised independent cinema by cultivating a new poetic idiom designed to document the subjective vision of the eye behind the camera. Committed to an inclusive account of the lived visual experience, he augmented the cinematic vocabulary by including components such as hallucination, dreams, closed-eye images and optical feedback, capturing these ephemeral elements using a wide variety of ‘home-made’ modifications to the filming process, including erratic hand-held camera movement, distortion of focus and changing camera speeds. Although most of his projects are silent, he corresponded with composer James Tenney to explore intersections between cinema (“moving visual thinking”) and music (“sound equivalent of the mind’s moving”). When employing a soundtrack, Brakhage gravitated towards musique concrète, which he regarded as an audio analogy for cinematic montage, and he devised a unique brand of audiovisual counterpoint based on the rhythmic interplay of the psychophysiological processes of sight and sound.
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Friedman, Jeffrey A. War and Chance. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190938024.001.0001.
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War and Chance analyzes the logic, psychology, and politics of assessing uncertainty in international affairs. It explains how the most important kinds of uncertainty in international politics are inherently subjective, and yet how scholars, practitioners, and pundits can still debate these issues in clear and structured ways. Altogether, the book shows how foreign policy analysts can assess uncertainty in a manner that is theoretically coherent, empirically meaningful, politically defensible, practically useful, and sometimes logically necessary for making sound choices. Each of these claims contradicts widespread skepticism about the value of probabilistic reasoning in international politics, and shows how placing greater emphasis on assessing uncertainty can improve nearly any kind of foreign policy analysis or decision. The book substantiates this argument by examining critical episodes in the history of U.S. national security policy, such as strategic planning in Vietnam, assessments of Iraq’s weapons of mass destruction programs, and the search for Osama bin Laden. The book also draws on a diverse range of quantitative evidence, including a database containing nearly one million geopolitical forecasts and experimental studies involving hundreds of national security professionals.
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Stolte, Tyson. Dickens and Victorian Psychology. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192858429.001.0001.
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Abstract Dickens and Victorian Psychology: Introspection, First-Person Narration, and the Mind positions Charles Dickens’s fiction in the midst of Victorian psychological debate, tracking Dickens’s increasing reliance over the course of his career on the introspective mode, those moments—from free indirect discourse to first-person narration—in which Dickens attempts to represent the inner view of his characters’ minds. In the middle of the nineteenth century, introspection remained the central investigative method for dualist psychologies, theories that tied the mind’s immortality to its immateriality. Because those psychologies found evidence of the mind’s ontological difference from the body in the subjective experience of consciousness, this book argues that the moments of inwardness in Dickens’s fiction, in both their form and their content, constitute efforts to resist the encroachment of psycho-physiology by making a case for the mind’s transcendence of the body. Yet Dickens and Victorian Psychology also shows the consequences of a material psychology’s appropriation of such an inward view—as well as the results of the efforts by psycho-physiologists to redefine the terminology of a mainstream dualism—by tracing the ambiguities and contradictions that find their way into Dickens’s representations of the mind. In these ways, this book reveals an overlooked context for Dickens’s experiments with narrative point of view and broadens our understanding of the strategies that a material psychology used to assuage the anxieties of those who saw psycho-physiology as a threat to immortality.
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Holliday, Kate L., Wendy Thomson, and John McBeth. Genetics of chronic musculoskeletal pain. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0045.
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Chronic pain disorders are prevalent and a large burden on health care resources. Around 10% of the general population report chronic widespread pain, which is the defining feature of fibromyalgia. Fibromyalgia is a poorly understood idiopathic disorder which is also characterized by widespread tenderness and commonly occurs with comorbid mood disorders, fatigue, sleep disturbance, and cognitive dysfunction. A role for genetics in chronic pain disorders has been identified by twin studies, with heritability estimates of around 50%. Susceptibility genes for chronic pain are likely to be involved in pain processing or the psychological component of these disorders. A number of genes have been implicated in influencing how pain is perceived due to mutations causing monogenic pain disorders or an insensitivity to pain from birth. The role of common variation, however, is less well known. The findings from human candidate gene studies of musculoskeletal pain to date are discussed. However, the scope of these studies has been relatively limited in comparison to other complex conditions. Identifying susceptibility loci will help to determine the biological mechanisms involved and potentially new therapeutic targets; however, this is a challenging research area due to the subjective nature of pain and heterogeneity in the phenotype. Using more quantitative phenotypes such as experimental pain measures may prove to be a more fruitful strategy to identify susceptibility loci. Findings from these studies and other potential approaches are discussed.
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Holliday, Kate L., Wendy Thomson, John McBeth, and Nisha Nair. Genetics of chronic musculoskeletal pain. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0045_update_001.
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Chronic pain disorders are prevalent and a large burden on health care resources. Around 10% of the general population report chronic widespread pain, which is the defining feature of fibromyalgia. Fibromyalgia is a poorly understood idiopathic disorder which is also characterized by widespread tenderness and commonly occurs with comorbid mood disorders, fatigue, sleep disturbance, and cognitive dysfunction. A role for genetics in chronic pain disorders has been identified by twin studies, with heritability estimates of around 50%. Susceptibility genes for chronic pain are likely to be involved in pain processing or the psychological component of these disorders. A number of genes have been implicated in influencing how pain is perceived due to mutations causing monogenic pain disorders or an insensitivity to pain from birth. The role of common variation, however, is less well known. The findings from human candidate gene studies of musculoskeletal pain to date are discussed. However, the scope of these studies has been relatively limited in comparison to other complex conditions. Identifying susceptibility loci will help to determine the biological mechanisms involved and potentially new therapeutic targets; however, this is a challenging research area due to the subjective nature of pain and heterogeneity in the phenotype. Using more quantitative phenotypes such as experimental pain measures may prove to be a more fruitful strategy to identify susceptibility loci. Findings from these studies and other potential approaches are discussed.
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Taliaferro, Jeffrey W. Prospect Theory and Foreign Policy Analysis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.281.
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Prospect theory is one of the most influential behavioral theories in the international relations (IR) field, particularly among scholars of security studies, political psychology, and foreign policy analysis. Developed by Israeli psychologists Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky, prospect theory provides key insights into decision making under conditions of risk and uncertainty. For example, most individuals are risk averse to secure gains, but risk acceptant to avoid losses (loss aversion). In addition, most people value items they already posses more than they value items they want to acquire (endowment effect), and tend to be risk averse if they perceive themselves to be facing gains relative to their reference point (risk propensity). Prospect theory has generated an enormous volume of scholarship in IR, which can be divided into two “generations”. The first generation (1990–1999) sought to establish prospect theory’s plausibility in the “real world” by testing hypotheses derived from it against subjective expected-utility theory or rational choice models of foreign policy decision making. The second generation (2000–present) began to incorporate concepts associated with prospect theory and related experimental literature on group risk taking into existing mid-level theories of IR and foreign policy behavior. Two substantive areas covered by scholars during this period are coercive diplomacy and great power intervention in the periphery as they relate to loss aversion. Both generations of prospect theory literature suffer from conceptual and methodological difficulties, mainly around the issues of reference point selection, framing, and preference reversal outside laboratory settings.
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Üskül, Ayse K., and Shigehiro Oishi, eds. Socio-Economic Environment and Human Psychology. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190492908.001.0001.
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This edited volume underlines the value of attending to socioecological approaches in understanding the relationship between the economic environment and human psychology by including state-of-the art research that focuses on the role played by (a) type of ecology and associated economic activity/structure (e.g., farming, herding), (b) socioeconomic status and inequality (e.g., poverty, educational attainment), (c) economic conditions (e.g., wealth, urbanization), and (d) ecological and economic threat (e.g., disasters, resource scarcity) in the shaping of different psychological processes including subjective well-being, construction of the self, endorsement of honor, cognitive styles, responses to social exclusion, food intake, decision-making, health behaviors, and academic outcomes, among others. By doing so the book highlights the importance of situating the individual directly in the everyday realities afforded by economic conditions and settings that provide the material basis of psychological outcomes and contribute to bridging the psychological with the external circumstances. The volume brings together research from different subfields of psychology (cultural, social, developmental) but also from economics, anthropology, evolutionary sciences, and epidemiology that recognizes the importance of individuals’ daily economic realities and their psychological adjustment to those. Reflecting the different (inter)disciplinary approaches presented across the contributions, this volume also showcases the different methods researchers utilize including archival, experimental (lab-based and field), correlational, observational, and agent-based modeling. The findings summarized in this volume have important policy implications, as they point to specific policy agendas that might help improve the psychological and physical health of citizens.
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Dawson, Clara. Victorian Poetry and the Culture of Evaluation. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198856108.001.0001.
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Victorian Poetry and the Culture of Evaluation argues that the dialectic and dynamic relationship between the periodical review and poetry creates a culture of evaluation which shapes Victorian poetic form. The mediation of poetry by the periodical review orients poets towards public readership and reception, heightening their self-consciousness about their audience and generating a poetics of publicness. Using methodologies associated with historical poetics and new formalism, the book examines the dialogues between poets and periodical reviews from the 1830s to the 1860s. It juxtaposes male and female poets and canonical and uncanonical texts. Challenging the critical binaries of fame and celebrity, the culture of evaluation posits a new way of reading Victorian poetry. It illuminates poets’ engagement with the immediacy and inevitability of writing for the present and for the contemporary media through which poetry was read and disseminated. New patterns of reception were created by mass print culture and both poets and reviewers were preoccupied with reaching the newly constituted mass audience. The changes to the material forms of poetry (e.g. through the periodical or gift-book) and the subjection to the commercial imperatives of the literary marketplace encouraged bold experiment with verse. The book identifies three poetic strategies for articulating the preoccupation with a mass audience and the demands of mass media: voice, style and address. Chapters on voice, style, and address explore the development of poetic form in dialogue with periodical reviews.
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Pickren, Wade E., ed. The Oxford Encyclopedia of the History of Modern Psychology. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780190849832.001.0001.
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The history of psychology as a scholarly field has grown and diversified since the landmark volumes of E. G. Boring’s A History of Experimental Psychology (1929, 1950). It is now a site of scholarly inquiry that attracts practitioners from a range of disciplines. Psychological concepts and practices hold interest for people from all walks of life and from around the globe. The Oxford Encyclopedia of the History of Modern Psychology reflects the range of such interest. The essays found here explore topics from everyday subjective experiences to deep connections among esoteric laboratory sciences and Enlightenment philosophies. Our contributors seek to answer difficult questions about how psychology developed, not only in the Western world, but across the globe. Human history has many examples of how people have used knowledge about themselves, others, and their world to try and change or improve their lives. How did these experiences help make possible a science and profession of psychology? In turn, how has scientific and professional psychology shaped or influenced the psychology of everyday life? The reader will find in these essays key insights into the profound differences that have marked the growth of Western modernity—race, gender, sexuality among them—and what they reveal about selfhood, identity, and possibilities for human freedom and oppression. In our own time, we see the psychological, economic, and political legacy of past practices and the profound inequities that we now must address. We hope these histories will help readers find or create counter-histories that help us move toward a more equitable world.
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Vakoch, Douglas, and Sam Mickey, eds. Eco-Anxiety and Pandemic Distress. Oxford University PressNew York, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197622674.001.0001.
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Abstract In recent decades, as environmental destruction has become more extreme and prevalent around the planet, the way that humans experience the natural world has also changed, giving rise to more frequent and intense experiences of eco-anxiety. Not simply personal or social, eco-anxiety is distributed across the relationships that humans have with the life, land, air, and water of Earth. This anthology presents international and interdisciplinary perspectives on eco-anxiety, with attention to two of the most prominent sources of eco-anxiety today: the COVID pandemic and the climate crisis. From the microscopic scale of viruses to the macroscopic scale of Earth’s atmosphere, instability in natural systems is causing unprecedented forms of psychological distress, including anxiety and related emotional or affective states like grief, anger, guilt, and depression. To tackle crises of such unprecedented scope and impact, we need to expand beyond mainstream behavioral research approaches to include also rigorous methods from the human sciences. This book both builds upon and moves beyond the latest research in environmental psychology, conservation psychology, and clinical psychology. Dominant research paradigms in these areas rely primarily on experimental and observational methodologies that analyze quantitative data. In contrast, this book focuses on sophisticated traditions of social and cultural psychology in dialogue with other disciplines in the social sciences and humanities. The result is a nuanced understanding of the human experience of confronting eco-anxiety, offering critical insights into the subjective worlds of individuals as they grapple with the intertwined existential threats of the climate crisis and pandemics.
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Županov, Ines G., ed. The Oxford Handbook of the Jesuits. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190639631.001.0001.
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The chapters in the Oxford Handbook of the Jesuits deal with close to five hundred years of history of the Society of Jesus, a transnational, polyglot Catholic religious order of men, which rose vertiginously to prominence from the mid-sixteenth century until its suppression in 1773. Following this unprecedented event in Church history was its equally unprecedented Restoration in 1814. What held this corporate Jesuit body together through a series of historically documented successes, adjustments, crises and persecutions, and made it continuously cohere around a set of common ideals, commitments and practices? Was it a sense of a “higher goal” cultivated through methodical self-questioning taught by Spiritual Exercises and by observing the rules written in the Constitutions? Toolkits of subjection and subjectivity, fostering discipline as well as collective effervescence among both the Jesuits and their lay supporters - and their enemies - are analyzed in this volume through major topics, events and institutions. Thorn between private and public, religious and secular, “us” and “them”, the Jesuits perfected the art of introspection and the reflection on strategies and mechanisms on how to link individual to society. Today as in the past, even though the Jesuits were and are under obligation to think and act for the Catholic Church, in executing their tasks they exceeded and widened the strictly ecclesiastical boundaries and made major contributions to the secular culture. In the last forty years, in particular, the problem of social justice and ecologically responsible global order are invoked as the most urgent Jesuit concerns. A comprehensive analysis regarding the manner in which the Jesuits set up, acted on, described and analyzed, and they still do, the intercultural and transnational networks - invigorating projects as questionable as the Inquisition, slavery and conversion, as innovative and experimental as accommodation, inculturation and social justice, as useful as education and scholarship - is offered in this volume by more than forty authors, senior and young experts in the field, three of whom are Jesuits themselves.