Academic literature on the topic 'Subject of customs regulation'
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Journal articles on the topic "Subject of customs regulation"
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Gupanova, Yuliya, and Artur Gupanov. "Improvement of the customs regulation mechanism of coal exports from the Russian Federation." Russian Journal of Management 9, no. 2 (August 31, 2021): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/2409-6024-2021-9-2-56-60.
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The article discloses the essence and role of customs regulation of coal exports in the development of the coal industry of the Russian Federation. Based on the results of authors’ researches, the essence and elements of the mechanism of customs regulation of coal exports from the Russian Federation were clarified, the results of regulation and the system of key consumers needs were identified. These aspects allowed to determine the directions of implementation of the proposed mechanism, its subject area and conceptual model.
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Mozer, Sergei, and Dinara Sekerbayeva. "To the issue of the activity of the thematic block “Electronic Customs” in the Eurasian Economic Union." Sociopolitical sciences 10, no. 1 (February 28, 2020): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.33693/2223-0092-2020-10-1-49-59.
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Purpose. To analyze the development of the legal institute of digital (electronic) customs within the framework of the Thematic Block “electronic customs”, as well as an Expert Group on the preparation of a draft document «On the development of approaches to the formation of digital customs” in the Eurasian Economic Union. Design/methodology/approach. The research article is devoted to the formation of the institute of electronic (digital) customs. The subject of the research is the institute of digital (electronic) customs. The activities of the Eurasian Economic Commission (EEC) for the development of digital (electronic) customs are comprehensively considered. The issue of creating digital customs in the context of the functioning of the Thematic Block “electronic customs” (thematic block) is analyzed. Special attention is paid to the same questions within the framework of the work of the Expert Group on the preparation of the draft document «On the development of approaches to the formation of digital customs” (expert group). The authors analyze the competence and procedural aspects of the Thematic Block. Social implications. The introduction of the digital customs institute into the law of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU, Union) and customs regulation as a whole are aimed at optimizing customs operations and simplifying trade procedures. Practical meaning. The results of the study are of interest to the EEC customs block; they can be used in the framework of organizing the work of the “Electronic Customs” Thematic Block and Expert Group. The article is recommended to researchers, as well as experts from the Customs Administrations of the EEU Member States and the World Custom Organization (WCO), whose activities are related to the improvement of customs regulation, the modernization of the digital customs institute, as well as international customs law. Originality/value. The research material is based on an analysis of the practical aspects of the EEC’s and the WCO activities and is a continuation of scientific and practical publications on the development of the digital customs institute.
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Nenko, Serhii, Oleksii Fedotov, and Halyna Shchedrova. "ECONOMIC AND LEGAL BASES OF ADMINISTRATION OF THE CUSTOMS-TARIFF MECHANISM." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 8, no. 1 (January 30, 2022): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2022-8-1-103-110.
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The subject of the study is public relations in the field of administrative and legal regulation of the customs and tariff mechanism of foreign economic activity. Methodology. The instrumental and methodological apparatus of the research is formed by the applied methods of economic analysis of the activities of organizations, statistical methods, selective observation, the method of economic modelling, grouping, generalization, expert assessments, methods of economic theory, marketing, etc. The aim of the article is to analyse the administrative and legal aspects of the mechanism of customs and tariff regulation in modern conditions in Ukraine and the world. The research results in a comprehensive consideration of the system of administrative and legal regulation of the customs tariff mechanism in Ukraine and the world, within which: the impact of the customs tariff mechanism on foreign economic activity is assessed; the modern foundations and principles of tariff benefits and protectionism policy are highlighted; the analysis of the administrative legislation of the studied area is carried out; weaknesses and problems of administrative and legal support of the customs tariff mechanism are identified, and ways of their solution are proposed. Conclusion. Customs and tariff regulation acts, on the one hand, as an effective regulator that promotes greater openness of the market, on the other - as the most common foreign trade instrument of protectionism. Therefore, improving the problems of customs and tariff regulation in modern conditions is simply necessary to overcome the crisis phenomena in the domestic economy and ensure the economic security of the state. After all, it requires the determination of the maximum level of tariff rates of import duties, which, under the normal functioning of the economy, will not increase and may be reduced in the future. Such plans may shock many sectors of the domestic economy. These primarily include agriculture, the food industry, the pharmaceutical industry, and the leather and shoe industry. Customs and tariff regulation is designed to promote the goals and objectives of foreign economic activity, as well as ensuring the security of the country and protecting national interests. The methods of customs and tariff regulation are more consistent with the nature of market relations and therefore play a major role in regulating foreign economic activity. In modern conditions, customs and tariff regulation can and should become an effective tool for mitigating and gradually overcoming crisis phenomena in the economy.
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Algazina, A. "The development of customs law in the scope of Eurasian integration." Law Enforcement Review 2, no. 3 (December 25, 2018): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.24147/2542-1514.2018.2(3).72-77.
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The subject. The paper is devoted to the main trends of the Russian customs law at the present stage.The purpose of the paper is to determine the place of customs law in the system of Russian law and to identify the features of its impact on the development of integration within the EAEU.The methodological basis for the study: general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, com-parison, description); private and academic (interpretation, formal-legal).Results, scope. Despite all the variety of social relations that make up the subject of customs law, their core is the relationship associated with the management of customs authorities, regulated by the rules of administrative law. In this regard, the allocation of customs law as an independent branch of law, in our opinion, is premature.Further development of integration within the EAEU has necessitated the development and adoption of a new codified legal act regulating public relations in the field of customs.Analysis of the provisions of the customs code of the EAEU revealed the following innovations, confirming the thesis on the simplification of regulation in the sphere of customs affairs:– reduction of terms of performance of separate customs operations;– priority of electronic Declaration form;– improvement of the Institute of customs control;– further development of the Institute of authorized economic operators.Conclusions. Customs law is a sub-branch of administrative law at present. A natural con-sequence of the integration processes is the transformation of the domestic customs law into an alloy of international law, integration law (acts of the EAEU) and national law.
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LEVINA, Evgeniya P. "Import of goods of information and communication infrastructure in the context of customs services." National Interests: Priorities and Security 17, no. 12 (December 14, 2021): 2361–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ni.17.12.2361.
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Subject. The article updates the issue of information security associated with the extremely intense import of goods of information and communication infrastructure (ICT) and low volume of production of similar goods in the Russian Federation. Objectives. The aim is to develop principles of formation of customs tariff tools to regulate the import of ICT goods in the Russian Federation. Methods. The study employs the content analysis of existing approaches to defining the customs service concept, and general scientific methods of research. Results. The paper presents a unique approach to the development of tools for customs tariff regulation of imports, formulates an original definition of customs service, highlights the contradiction between the current model of implementation of the escalation principle, established by the World Trade Organization, underpins the need to differentiate the rates of import customs duties for the said group of goods. Conclusions. Due to the current specifics of the use of customs and tariff instruments, not all of them are applicable as measures to regulate the import of ICT goods. Currently, the most effective tools for regulating the import of information and communication technology goods are the unified customs tariff and the commodity nomenclature of foreign economic activity.
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ONISHCHYK, Yurii, and Karine ABDUKADYROVA. "Procedures settlement of customs disputes in the administrative proceedings of Ukraine." Economics. Finances. Law, no. 9 (September 30, 2021): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.37634/efp.2021.9.2.
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It was found that customs disputes in administrative proceedings are resolved in the general claim procedure, simplified claim proceedings and claim proceedings in certain categories of administrative cases. Examples of such administrative cases on customs disputes are given. The procedure for resolving administrative cases on customs disputes in the court of first instance is considered. It is established that at the stage of preparatory proceedings such procedures for resolving customs disputes in administrative proceedings as the procedure for settling a dispute with the participation of a judge and the procedure for conciliation of the parties are provided. The specifics of these procedures for resolving customs disputes in administrative proceedings are described. It is concluded that in resolving customs disputes in administrative proceedings, the dispute settlement procedure with the participation of a judge can be applied only before the trial on the merits, and the conciliation procedure — at any stage of consideration and resolution of customs disputes in the manner prescribed Code of Administrative Procedure of Ukraine. It is noted that in contrast to the dispute settlement procedure with the participation of a judge, the decision on the results of the conciliation procedure of the parties can be appealed. It is noted that the forms of review of court decisions have certain features, but in general are carried out according to the general procedure of consideration and resolution of customs disputes in administrative proceedings. It is stated that the procedures for resolving customs disputes in administrative proceedings are characterized by certain specifics. This is due to the special subject composition (obligatory subjects of resolving customs disputes in court are customs authorities and individuals or legal entities that move items across the customs border), the scope of legal regulation (customs disputes arise from customs relations) and evidence (documents and information required for customs control and customs clearance).
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Abdrasulov, Ermek B. "Zur Frage der doktrinellen Auslegung des Artikels 61 Pkt. 3 der Verfassung der Republik Kasachstan." osteuropa recht 67, no. 2 (2021): 133–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0030-6444-2021-2-133.
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This article examines the issues of differentiation of legislative and subordinate regulation of public relations. It is noted that in the process of law-making activities, including the legislative process, practical questions often arise about the competence of various state bodies to establish various legal norms and rules. These issues are related to the need to establish a clear legal meaning of the constitutional norms devoted to the definition of the subject of regulation of laws. In particular, there is a need to clarify the provisions of paragraph 3 of Article 61 of the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan in terms of the concepts "the most important public relations", "all other relations", "subsidiary legislation", as well as to establish the relationship between these concepts. Interpretation is also required by the provisions of p. 4 of Article 61 of the Constitution in terms of clarifying the question of whether the conclusion follows from mentioned provisions that all possible social relations in the Republic of Kazakhstan are subject to legal regulation, including those that are subject to other social and technical regulators (morality, national, business and professional traditions and customs, religion, standards, technical regulations, etc.). Answering the questions raised, the author emphasizes that the law and bylaws, as a rule, constitute a single system of legislation, performing the functions of primary and secondary acts. However, the secondary nature of subsidiary legislation does not mean that they regulate "unimportant" public relations. The law is essentially aimed at regulating all important social relations.
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DUDOROVA, Tetiana Yu. "LOGISTICS OF CUSTOMS PROCEDURES IN UKRAINE." Management 27, no. 1 (November 7, 2018): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/2415-3206.2018.1.1.
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Introduction and purpose of the study. The customs affair in Ukraine is one of the dynamic branches of state activity, which is in a state of constant development and improvement; therefore the need to find new ways of increasing its efficiency is a special government urgent. One of the ways to achieve this goal is to introduce logistics techniques, which are actively used not only in the economy, but also in the social sphere, into the customs practice. Such techniques should be standardized, and the adequacy and quality of customs regulation in our country largely depends on the level of legal regulation of their application.Hypothesis of scientific research. It is assumed that the logistics of the customs business, that is, the introduction logistics facilities into the range of its tools, is a continuous process that covers all the components of this diversified type of state activity, first of all the customs control and customs clearance procedure. Such an approach is fully in line with the "Concept of Modernization of the Customs Service of Ukraine", which aims to facilitate the transition of the Customs Service of Ukraine to a qualitatively new stage of development and a clear definition of the prerequisites that should be created in the near future in all areas of its activities.The purpose of this study is to analyze the problems of legal regulation of social relations that arise in process of applying logistic principles in the implementation of customs procedures in Ukraine.Research methods: theoretical analysis, synthesis, comparison and comparison in order to determine the state of disclosure of the research problem in the scientific literature, the study of normative legal documents in the field of customs regulation in Ukraine and the experience of the customs officers of Ukraine.Results: the concept of "customs logistics" is disclosed, the results of the analysis of normative legal documents in the field of customs regulation in Ukraine are given, the problems and prospects of the development of the customs service are identified.Conclusions. Effective logistics of customs procedures in Ukraine hinder: the imperfection of the legislative framework in this area; the unpreparedness of the customs service to be implemented in the normative acts declared by the majority of countries of the world, the principles and standards of customs regulation aimed at increasing the attractiveness of transparent and fair foreign-economic activity by reducing the bureaucratic, time, technological and material costs of the subjects of foreign economic activity when cargo crossing the border of Ukraine.
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Depamaylo, Karenina P. "The Relationship Of College Admission Test And Mock Board Examination To The Licensure Examination For Customs Brokers." Proceedings Journal of Interdisciplinary Research 2 (October 10, 2015): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21016/irrc.2015.au12ef85o.
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Admission tests in college assess students’ readiness for the college level education while mock board examination evaluates readiness for the licensure examination. The performance of BS Customs Administration students in these two tests and their relationship to their performance in the Licensure Examination for Customs Brokers (LECB) were considered in the investigation. Using inferential statistics, scores in the entrance examination and ratings in the mock board examination of BSCA students for the past four years were correlated with their ratings in the LECB. A total of 66 students who graduated from 2011 to 2014 who took the licensure examination and with complete entrance exams and mock board exam records served as respondents of this study. Results revealed a positive significant relationship between the composite score in the admission test and students’ scores in the four subjects of the LECB: Customs Laws and Implementing Rules and Regulations; Tariff Laws and International Trade Agreements; Warehousing, Transportation and Cargo Handling Operations; and Practical Computations of Customs Duties, Taxes, and other charges. Ratings in the four subject areas of the mock board examination were also significantly related to scores in the equivalent subject areas of the LECB. The study concludes the importance of entrance tests as part of the admission policy in the BSCA program and the mock board examination in improving the performance of graduates in the Licensure Examination for Customs Brokers.
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Hrytsyna, Lesia, Olena Kharun, and Margaryta Dzuba. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE CUSTOMS REGULATION OF VEHICLE IMPORT IN THE G20 COUNTRIES." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 5, no. 1 (March 22, 2019): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2019-5-1-48-53.
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The purpose of this article is to conduct a comparative analysis of customs regulation procedures for the import of vehicles operating in the G20 countries, to determine the possibility of adapting and using their experience in order to improve the customs procedure in force in Ukraine. Since most researches of Ukrainian scientists mainly concern the adaptation of existing customs procedures to the requirements of the Ukraine– EU Association Agreement and the search for ways to solve the problem of shadow schemes of vehicle import, the selected research purpose is relevant. The subject-matter of the study is the procedures for customs regulation of the import of vehicles of the G20 countries. Methodology. To achieve this purpose, a set of general scientific methods was used that ensure the objectivity and validity of the results obtained, namely, methods of abstraction, comparison, analysis and synthesis, generalization. Results. The research results showed that Ukraine is far behind the leading countries in terms of implementing the standards of environmental and technical safety of imported vehicles. If compliance with the requirements of environmental safety, namely compliance with European standards, is still taken into account when importing, then the issues of technical safety are not regulated by the current customs procedure. Secondly, the system of taxes and payments that are paid in Ukraine upon importation, namely duty, excise duty, and VAT, does not provide for compensation for the negative impact of imported vehicles on the environment. Thirdly, comparing the practice of temporary importation of vehicles operating in the G20 countries and Ukraine has allowed highlighting a number of inconsistencies. So, in the G20 countries, only non-residents can use this regime in the vast majority. Citizens of the country are entitled to temporary admission only if strictly defined requirements are met. However, unlike Ukrainian practice, the very procedure for temporary admission implies the absence of requirements for payment of customs duties and other payments, regardless of whether the person who uses it is a resident or non-resident of the country. Practical significance. The conclusions made allow proposing the necessity to amend the current procedure by introducing the practice of confirming the conformity of imported vehicles with the technical requirements for their operation, increasing the tax burden on vehicles with low environmental efficiency, settling the issue of the availability of the regime of temporary admission of vehicles and strengthening control over compliance with this regime. Relevance/originality. Proposals for the adaptation and use of the experience of the leading countries in the field of customs regulation of import of vehicles are a way to prevent the negative phenomena in Ukraine in this area.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Subject of customs regulation"
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Jana, Vimbai Lisa Michelle. "Adopting a harmonised regional approach to customs regulation for the tripartite free trade agreement." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2013. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_8861_1380710167.
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De, Lint Willem. "Shaping the subject of policing, autonomy, regulation and the police constable." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ27906.pdf.
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Brown, Anthony Alan. "The self-regulation of a gravel river bed subject to upstream sediment supply." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287564.
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The aims of this work are to improve the understanding of the way in which a river system approaches equilibrium during and after sediment transporting events and by using experimental data and hypothetical models to gain an insight into mixed grain sized transport and its connection with local bed morphology. Large scale flume experiments were undertaken in a trapezoidal channel where a mixed grain sized river bed is subjected to a variety of imposed sediment loads. The river system was allowed to adjust naturally to the imposed conditions while flow and bed conditions were frequently monitored. Changes to both flow and bed occur at many scales and the superimposition of these changes adds to the complexity of the interpretation of hydraulic and bed data. Three experiments are reported in which the sediment influx differ. One in which no material is added. One in which a feed rate is established equal in magnitude to 50% of the initial transport rate for the equivalent non-fed case. In the third experiment the feed rate is doubled to 100% of the initial transport rate in the degradation experiment. The imposed load is continued for approximately 75% of the duration of the run or until a dynamic equilibrium transport rate is evident within the reach. The river channel is analysed at two distinct scales; grain scale and reach scale. Conclusions about the relative influence of grain and form effects are drawn on the basis of detailed surface texture information and reach scale measurements of the bed surface. A hypothetical model is proposed to show that the transport activity during a degradation experiment can be qualitatively linked to a wave like translation of grain dislodgement through the channel.
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Хомутенко, Людмила Іванівна, Людмила Ивановна Хомутенко, Liudmyla Ivanivna Khomutenko, and М. Белявська. "Забезпечення ефективності митного контролю." Thesis, ТНУ ім. В.І. Вернадського, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/52288.
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В роботі розглянуто сутність та складові митного регулювання, розкриваються основні аспекти митного контролю та напрямки забезпечення його ефективності.The paper considers the nature and components of customs regulations, reveals the main aspects of customs control and direction of ensuring its effectiveness.
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Gombay, Katherine. "The black peril and miscegenation : the regulation of inter-racial sexual relations in southern Rhodesia, 1890-1933." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61072.
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For over forty years, at the turn of this century, the white settlers of Southern Rhodesia devoted considerable energy to the discussion and the regulation of inter-racial sexual relations. The settlers' worries about maintaining their position in power were expressed, in part, in the periodic outbreaks of 'black peril' hysteria, a term which well-captures white fears about the threat that African men were thought to represent to white women. Although voluntary sexual encounters between white women and black men were prohibited from 1903 onwards, no such prohibition existed for white men in their relations with black women. The white women made several attempts to have legislation passed prohibiting such liasons, and failed largely because in doing so they were perceived to be challenging the authority of the white men. The regulation of interracial sexual intercourse thus served to reinforce the white male domination of Rhodesian society.
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Денисенко, Сергій Іванович, Сергей Иванович Денисенко, and Serhii Ivanovych Denysenko. "Митний союз в рамках ЄврАзЕс як механізм спрощення та гармонізації митних процедур на Євразійському континенті." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/33991.
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Економічні перетворення в умовах кризи і процеси інтеграції що відбуваються у всьому світі, не залишають шансів будь-якій країні шукати і встановлювати свої власні, національні правила митного регулювання, внаслідок чого формується нова філософія митного регулювання. Сьогодні можна з повною упевненістю говорити про появу принципово нового підходу до митного регулювання, що враховує підприємницькі інтереси учасників зовнішньоекономічної діяльності.
При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/33991
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Рєзнік, Олег Миколайович, Олег Николаевич Резник, Oleh Mykolaiovych Rieznik, and Є. Іскандарова. "Основні напрями підвищення ефективності правового регулювання митних режимів в Україні." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2014. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/36707.
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Принципи формування сучасної митної політики України повинні виходити з вимог сучасного світу. З метою розвитку транскордонного співробітництва доцільно впроваджувати спеціальний митний режим для прикордонних територій. Також доцільно сформувати такі трансграничні кластери, як спільні з іншою стороною магазини безмитної торгівлі та митні склади, які дозволять розвивати торгівлю в прикордонних регіонах та зберігати експортно-імпортну продукцію на території даних регіонів.
При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/36707
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Сай, Н. Я., and N. Ya Say. "Становлення та розвиток митної справи на західноукраїнських землях з ІХ ст. до 90-х рр. ХХ ст. (на матеріалах Львівської митниці): дисертація." Thesis, ЛьвДУВС, 2011. http://dspace.lvduvs.edu.ua/handle/1234567890/372.
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Сай Н. Я. Становлення та розвиток митної справи на західноукраїнських землях з ІХ ст. до 90-х рр. ХХ ст. (на матеріалах Львівської митниці): дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата юридичних наук за спеціальністю 12.00.01 – теорія та історія держави і права; історія політичних і правових учень / Сай Наталія Ярославівна. – Львів: Львівський державний університет внутрішніх справ, 2011. - 185 с.Дисертаційна робота є одним із перших в Україні спеціальних монографічних досліджень, у якому комплексно висвітлено питання становлення і розвитку митної справи на західноукраїнських землях (на матеріалах Львівської митниці) від давніх часів до сьогодення. З’ясовано стан наукового дослідження проблеми, її історіографію та джерельну базу дослідження. Проаналізовано поняття «митна справа» та його співвідношення з поняттям «митної політики» держави. Системно досліджено правову основу митної справи в західноукраїнському регіоні у складі Галицько-Волинського князівства, Польського Королівства, Речі Посполитої, Австрійської та Австро-Угорської імперій, Другої Речі Посполитої. Оцінено історико-правові особливості стану митної справи на західноукраїнських землях у періоди німецько-фашистської окупації, перебування їх у складі УРСР (СРСР), за часів незалежності. Окрему увагу приділено питанням гармонізації правового регулювання митної справи в Україні з міжнародно-правовими стандартами та стандартами Європейського Союзу. The dissertation is one of the special monographic researches in Ukraine which deals with the complex study of the formation and development of customs matter on the Western-Ukrainian lands (on the materials of Lviv customs-house) from ancient times up to now. The state of the scientific research of the problem, its historiography and sources are elucidated. The relation between two concepts: “customs matter” and “customs policy” of the state is analyzed. The legal basis of the customs matter in the Western-Ukrainian region as a part of Galicia-Volhynia Principality, Polish Kingdom, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Austrian and Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Second Polish Republic is systematically investigated. The estimation of historical-legal peculiarities of customs matter on the Western-Ukrainian lands during German-fascist occupation, as a part of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (the Soviet Union), after proclamation of Ukraine’s Independence is given. A special attention is paid to the problems of harmonization of customs matter legal regulation in Ukraine with international-legal standards and standards of the European Union.
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Rosero, Chandi Carlos Xavier. "Active power sharing and frequency regulation in inverter-based islanded microgrids subject to clock drifts, damage in power links and loss of communications." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668863.
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Microgrids (MGs) are small-scale power systems containing storage elements, loads and distributed generators that are interfaced with the electric network via power electronic inverters. When an MG is in islanded mode, its dynamics are no longer dominated by the main grid. Then, inverters, driven by digital processors that may exchange data over digital communication, must act as voltage source inverters (VSIs) to take coordinated actions to ensure power quality and supply.
The scope of this thesis is bounded to control strategies for active power sharing and frequency regulation in islanded MGs. The focus is on the analysis of prototype control policies when operating conditions are no longer ideal. In particular, the thesis covers the effect that a) clock drifts of digital processors, b) damage in power transmission lines, and c) failures in digital communications have in control performance. The work is submitted as a compendium of publications, including journal and international conference papers, where two main areas of research can be distinguished.
The first area refers to the analysis of the effect that clock drifts have on frequency regulation and active power sharing. VSIs digital processors are equipped with oscillators, which run at not necessarily identical frequencies. As consequence, the local clocks in the physically distributed VSIs may differ. This part, reported in two conference papers and one journal paper, investigates state-of-the-art control policies when clocks of the computational devices drift.
The contributions related to this part are a) the reformulation of existing control policies in terms of clock drifts, b) the steady-state analysis of these policies that offers analytical expressions to quantify the impact that drifts have on frequency and active power equilibrium points, c) the closed-loop model capable of accommodating all the policies, d) the stability analysis of the equilibrium points, and e) the experimental results.
The second area copes with the analysis of the effect that electrical and communication failures have on frequency regulation and active power sharing. This investigation focuses on distributed/cooperative control policies where each inverter control action is computed using both local measures and data received from other inverters within the MG. This part, reported in one conference paper and two journal papers, investigates two control policies when the considered failures in terms of damage in power links and/or loss of communication between inverters provoke partitions within the MG.
The contributions related to this part are a) the formulation of the MG as two connected graphs corresponding to the electrical and communication networks where both type of failures lead to disconnected electrical/communication sub-graphs, named partitions, that co-exist within the MG, b) the closed-loop model integrating the two graph Laplacian matrices, c) the stability analysis that identifies which type of partitions may lead to MG instability, d) the steady-state analysis that indicates how to compute the equilibrium points for the case of stable dynamics, e) a new control strategy based on switched control principles that permits avoiding the instability scenario, and f) the experimental results.
For the purpose of verifying the operational performance of the analytical results, diverse experiments on a laboratory MG have been performed. The outcomes obtained are discussed and analyzed in terms of the objectives sought. Finally, conclusions and future research lines complete the thesis.Las microredes (MG) son sistemas de energía a pequeña escala que contienen elementos de almacenamiento, cargas y generadores distribuidos que están conectados con la red eléctrica a través de inversores de potencia. Cuando una MG está en modo aislado, su dinámica no está dominada por la red principal. Así, los inversores, comandados por procesadores digitales que pueden intercambiar información a través de comunicaciones digitales, deben actuar como fuentes de voltaje para ejecutar acciones coordinadas que garanticen el suministro de energía. Esta tesis se enmarca dentro de estrategias de control de última generación para compartir potencia activa y regular frecuencia en MG aisladas basadas en inversores. Su enfoque se centra en analizar estas políticas cuando las condiciones de operación no son ideales. En particular, la tesis cubre el efecto que a) desviaciones del reloj de los procesadores digitales, b) daños en las líneas de transmisión de energía, y c) fallas en las comunicaciones digitales, provocan en el rendimiento de control. El trabajo se presenta como un compendio que incluye publicaciones de revistas y de conferencias internacionales, donde se pueden distinguir dos temas principales de investigación. El primer tema comprende el análisis del efecto que tienen las desviaciones de reloj sobre la regulación de frecuencia y la compartición de potencia activa. Los procesadores de los inversores están equipados con osciladores que funcionan a frecuencias no necesariamente idénticas. Como consecuencia, los relojes locales en los inversores distribuidos físicamente, pueden diferir. Esta parte, descrita a través de dos artículos de conferencia y uno de revista, analiza el comportamiento de las políticas de control cuando los relojes de los dispositivos computacionales se desvían. Las contribuciones relacionadas con este tema son a) reformulación de las políticas de control de última generación en términos de desviaciones de reloj, b) análisis de estado estacionario de estas estrategias que ofrece expresiones analíticas para cuantificar el impacto que las desviaciones de reloj tienen sobre los puntos de equilibrio de frecuencia y potencia activa, c) modelo de lazo cerrado adaptable a todas las políticas, d) análisis de estabilidad de los puntos de equilibrio, y e) resultados experimentales. El segundo tema hace frente al análisis del efecto que las fallas eléctricas y de comunicaciones tienen sobre la regulación de frecuencia y el uso compartido de potencia activa. Esta parte se centra en políticas de control distribuido/cooperativo donde cada acción de control del inversor se calcula utilizando medidas locales y datos recibidos de otros inversores de la MG. Esta parte, descrita a través de un artículo de conferencia y dos de revista, investiga dos políticas de control cuando particiones en la MG son provocadas por daños en los enlaces de alimentación y/o por pérdida de comunicación entre inversores. Las contribuciones relacionadas con este tema son a) formulación de la MG como dos grafos correspondientes a las redes eléctrica y de comunicación donde ambos tipos de fallas conducen a sub-grafos eléctricos/comunicacionales desconectados, llamados particiones, que coexisten dentro de la MG, b) modelo de lazo cerrado que integra las matrices Laplacianas de los dos grafos, c) análisis de estabilidad que identifica las particiones que pueden conducir a inestabilidad en la MG, d) análisis de estado estacionario para calcular puntos de equilibrio cuando la dinámica es estable, e) nueva estrategia basada en principios de control conmutado para evitar el escenario de inestabilidad, y f) resultados experimentales. Con el fin de verificar el rendimiento operativo de los resultados analíticos, se han realizado diversos experimentos sobre una microred de laboratorio, los mismos que se discuten en términos de los objetivos de la tesis. El trabajo finaliza con las conclusiones
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Eriksson, Annsofi, and Lisa Lövgren. "Internetbaserad kognitiv beteendeterapi för personer med bipolär sjukdom -en pilotstudie." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-29336.
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En betydande andel individer med bipolär sjukdom upplever kvarvarande, subkliniska symtom mellan egentliga sjukdomsepisoder. Sådana restsymtom är förenade med sänkt livskvalitet och förhöjd risk för återfall i sjukdomsepisoder. Syftet med föreliggande studie var att undersöka huruvida en kort, internetadministrerad behandling är genomförbar och kan ge en minskning av depressiva restsymtom, genom interventioner riktade mot sömn och emotionsreglering. För detta syfte användes en single-subject design med upprepade mätningar (n=4). Studiens resultat visar att behandlingen är genomförbar och att den, för vissa individer, kan ge en minskning av depressiva restsymtom. Vidare forskning kring behandlingen är motiverad.A significant proportion of persons diagnosed with bipolar disorder experience subclinical, residual symptoms between major episodes. Residual symptoms are associated with poor quality of life and increased risk of relapse. The current study aims at investigating whether a time limited, internet-based treatment targeting disturbed sleep and emotion regulation is feasible and successful in reducing residual depressive symptoms. Pertaining to this purpose, a single-subject design with repeated measures was used (n=4). Results show that the treatment is feasible and, for some individuals, can lead to a decrease in depressive symptoms. Future studies regarding this treatment are warranted.
Books on the topic "Subject of customs regulation"
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Kashirkina, Anna, and Andrey Morozov. Russia, Euroasian economic union and World Trade Organization. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/6432.
Full textAbstract:
The monograph is the first scientific publication, considering the complex
international legal issues of the integration of rapprochement of the Russian
Federation, Belarus and Kazakhstan after the signing of the Heads of State May
29, 2014 the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union. The monograph is held
international legal analysis of the contractual framework prior Eurasian Economic
Union integration union – Customs Union. The position of the new interstate
integration association – the Eurasian Economic Union – as a subject of public
international law. On the basis of comparative legal analysis mapped international
legal obligations, operating under the World Trade Organization, as well as the
provisions of the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union, including in the areas
of customs regulation, industrial policies, and technical regulation. Give
suggestions and recommendations for improving and promoting the integration
of the former Soviet Union in the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union,
taking into account Russia’s membership in the World Trade Organization, as well
as the possible accession by the Republic of Belarus and the Republic of
Kazakhstan – Russia’s partners in the Eurasian Economic Union.
The monograph focuses on a wide range of readers: researchers and experts
in the field of international law and international relations, employees of public
authorities, business representatives, teachers and law faculties, graduate students,
and all interested in the integration of the modern world.
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Lint, Willem De. Shaping the subject of policing: Autonomy, regulation and the police constable. [Toronto]: Willem de Lint, 1997.
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Lint, Willem De. Shaping the subject of policing: Autonomy, regulation and the police constable. Ottawa: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997.
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Hans, Frost. An operational approach to assess management regulation, subject to different management objectives. Esbjerg: South Jutland University Press, 1996.
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Hazen, Thomas Lee. Securities regulation: Cases and materials. 7th ed. St. Paul, MN: Thomson/West, 2006.
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L, Ratner David, ed. Securities regulation: Cases and materials. 6th ed. St. Paul, MN: Thomson/West, 2003.
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1963-, Friedman Lawrence M., ed. Customs law. Durham, North Carolina: Carolina Academic Press, 2012.
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Useless sexual trivia: Tastefully prurient facts about everyone's favorite subject. New York: Fireside Book, 2000.
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P, Collins Mary M., and Canada. Parliament. House of Commons. Standing Committee on Consumer and Corporate Affairs., eds. Misleading advertising: Report of the Standing Committee on Consumer and Corporate Affairs on the subject of misleading advertising. [Ottawa]: The Committee, 1988.
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Canada. Parliament. House of Commons. Standing Committee on Consumer and Corporate Affairs. Misleading advertising: Report of the Standing Committee on Consumer and Corporate Affairs on the subject of misleading advertising. [Canada]: House of Commons, 1988.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Subject of customs regulation"
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Popper, Andreas. "Branding, Regulation and Customs in Japan and Singapore." In International Food Law and Policy, 1295–326. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07542-6_50.
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Sidorova, Elena Yu, and Lubov I. Goncharenko. "Tax Regulation of Customs Payments in the State Policy of Russia." In Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 636–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40749-0_76.
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Petrenko, Alexey, Anatoly Kutyshenko, and Victor Tutelyan. "Food Regulation in the Customs Union of Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia." In International Food Law and Policy, 1379–407. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07542-6_53.
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Hamid, Syed Muhammad, and Bünyamin Akgül. "Master Regulators of Posttranscriptional Gene Expression Are Subject to Regulation." In miRNomics: MicroRNA Biology and Computational Analysis, 303–10. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-748-8_18.
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Saberi, A., A. Stoorvogel, and P. Sannuti. "Output regulation with actuators subject to amplitude and rate saturation." In Communications and Control Engineering, 177–211. London: Springer London, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0727-9_5.
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Kennel, Maxwell. "The Regulation of the Subject by the Technology of Time." In Radical Theologies and Philosophies, 149–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85758-5_6.
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Knights, David. "Governmentality and Financial Services: Welfare Crises and the Financially Self-Disciplined Subject." In Regulation and Deregulation in European Financial Services, 216–35. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14000-8_11.
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Saberi, A., A. Stoorvogel, and P. Sannuti. "Generalized output regulation with actuators subject to amplitude and rate saturation." In Communications and Control Engineering, 431–40. London: Springer London, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0727-9_16.
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Martin, Liebi, Markham Jerry W, Brown-Hruska Sharon, De Carvalho Robalo Pedro, Meakin Hannah, and Tan Peter. "4 Trading Regulations." In Regulation of Commodities Trading. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198799962.003.0004.
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This chapter focuses on trading regulations. Derivative trading in financial instruments on organized exchanges consists largely of the following instruments: futures, options, options on futures, and swaps. Those transactions are differentiated from ‘cash’ transactions and ‘forward’ contracts. Forward and cash contracts are traded in over-the-counter (OTC) markets, which are generally subject to the day-to-day oversight of a government financial services regulator. Nevertheless, OTC cash and forward transactions may not entirely be free of governmental restrictions. For example, in the US, the anti-manipulation prohibitions in the Commodity Exchange of 1936 (CEA) may be applied to trading in cash and forward contracts where they are effected in order to create artificial prices. Particular OTC derivative transactions involving retail customers in foreign currency are also subject to regulation by US authorities, including the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC), the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), and banking regulators. The purpose of those regulations is to protect unsophisticated retail customers from fraudulent business conduct and dealer failures. Meanwhile, the trading in OTC derivatives in the EU and the European Economic Area (EEA) is regulated under the European Market Infrastructure Regulation (EMIR) as amended by EMIR Refit.
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Chiu, Iris H.-Y., and Joanna Wilson. "2. The banker–customer relationship." In Banking Law and Regulation, 21–72. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198784722.003.0002.
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This chapter discusses the relationship between a bank and its customer. The Bills of Exchange Act 1882 defines a banker to include ‘a body of persons whether incorporated or not who carry on the business of banking’. Meanwhile, upon the opening of an account, a person will be deemed to have become a customer of the bank and there is no requirement for a habitual course of dealings. Although the relationship between a bank and its customer is primarily governed by contract law, there may be circumstances in which the bank undertakes additional obligations, thereby taking the relationship beyond the remit of contract law such that the bank becomes subject to fiduciary duties of trust and loyalty. The chapter then considers the fiduciary nature of the banker–customer relationship as well as undue influence.
Conference papers on the topic "Subject of customs regulation"
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Zamarin, Chad J., and Mark L. Hereth. "Management of Pre-Regulation Pipe." In 2012 9th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2012-90453.
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This paper establishes a broad approach including a process to verify and where necessary achieve integrity of pre-regulation pipelines based on fitness for service (FFS) analysis. FFS is an accepted set of processes to demonstrate the mechanical integrity of in-service equipment, including pipelines. FFS analysis is specifically designed and has been demonstrated to support decisions on future disposition of equipment. The analysis for pre-regulation pipe rigorously focuses on material and construction threats, the primary threats to pre-regulation pipelines. All other threats to these pipelines are otherwise addressed through B31.8S and CSA Z662. The FFS analysis for pre-regulation pipe includes consideration of material properties, testing history, and operating history and provides guidance for achieving integrity where the FFS deems either insufficient data or actual pipeline characteristics warrant action. The methods currently used in FFS evaluations have been applied in the petroleum refining, petrochemical, nuclear, paper and steam electric power industries as well as the pipeline industry since the 1980s. One of the first acknowledged threat specific applications was actually in the pipeline industry with the development of B31G, a method for calculating the remaining strength of pipelines in areas with metal loss, first published in 1984. In the late 1990’s, subject matter experts across a number of these industries created a compendium of methods to address a breadth of flaw types. The document was first published in 2000, as American Petroleum Institute (API) Recommended Practice (RP) 579. It was updated in 2007 through a joint effort between API and the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) and published as API RP 579-1/ASME FFS 1. Implementing the FFS process will require time to evaluate pipelines in a prioritized manner, manage customer service impacts and implement necessary actions. The paper addresses how to start applying the process and extend it over time. The FFS process prioritizes the right place to start as pipelines within high consequence areas (HCAs) that have incomplete strength test records. The testing, repair, remediation or replacement of these pipelines within HCAs will be accomplished over a defined time frame, and during that period findings will be continually evaluated to derive lessons learned for future work. In parallel, consistent with NTSB’s goal of making systems capable of accommodating in-line inspection tools and advancing research, industry and in-line inspection (ILI) providers will work to commercialize ILI technology that can more rigorously demonstrate FFS, from the standpoint of construction and material threats, for pre-regulation pipe. Innovative ILI technologies will be incorporated into the FFS protocol on a risk-prioritized basis.
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Умарова, Амала Алиевна. "CUSTOMS REGULATION IN THE EURASIAN ECONOMIC UNION." In Образование. Культура. Общество: сборник избранных статей по материалам Международной научной конференции (Санкт-Петербург, Июнь 2020). Crossref, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/ecs291.2020.83.68.023.
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В договоре о Евразийском экономическом союзе предусмотрено, что в ЕАЭС осуществляется единое таможенное регулирование. В статье анализируются основные положения таможенного регулирования в ЕАЭС. The Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union stipulates that a single customs regulation is carried out in the EAEU. The article analyzes the main provisions of customs regulation in the EAEU.
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Labeko, M. D., and E. A. Tsarevskaya. "EFFECT OF CUSTOMS-TARIFF REGULATION ON TRANSBOUNDARY FLOWS AND ELECTRONIC TRADE." In RUSSIA AND CHINA: A VECTOR OF DEVELOPMENT. Amur State University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22250/rc.2019.1.23.
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Hayes, Jan, Lynne Chester, and Dolruedee Kramnaimuang King. "Is Public Safety Impacted by the Multiple Regulatory Regimes for Gas Pipelines and Networks?" In 2018 12th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2018-78160.
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Gas pipelines and networks are subject to multiple regulatory governance arrangements. One regime is economic regulation which is designed to ensure fair access to gas markets and emulate the price pressures of competition in a sector dominated by a few companies. Another regime is technical regulation which is designed to ensure pipeline system integrity is sufficient for the purposes of public safety, environmental protection and physical security of supply. As was highlighted in analysis of the San Bruno pipeline failure, these two regulatory regimes have substantially different orientations towards expenditure on things such as maintenance and inspection which ultimately impact public safety. Drawing on more than 50 interviews, document review and case studies of specific price determinations, we have investigated the extent to which these two regulatory regimes as enacted in Australia may conflict, and particularly whether economic regulation influences long-term public safety outcomes. We also draw on a comparison with how similar regulatory requirements are enacted in the United Kingdom (UK). Analysis shows that the overall orientation towards risk varies between the two regimes. The technical regulatory regime is a typical goal-setting style of risk governance with an overarching requirement that ‘reasonably practicable’ measures are put in place to minimize risk to the public. In contrast, the incentive-based economic regulatory regime requires that expenditure should be ‘efficient’ to warrant inclusion in the determination of acceptable charges to customers. How safety is considered within this remains an open question. Best practice in performance-based safety regimes such as those used in the UK and Australia require that regulators adopt an attitude towards companies based on the principle of ‘trust but verify’ as, generally speaking, all parties aim for the common goal of no accidents. Equally, in jurisdictions that favor prescriptive safety requirements such as the United States (US) the common goal remains. In contrast, stakeholders in the economic regulatory regime have significantly diverse interests; companies seek to maximize their individual financial returns and regulators seek to exert downward price pressures. We argue that these differences in the two regulatory regimes are significant for the management of public safety risk and conclude that minimizing risk to the public from a major pipeline failure would be better served by the economic regulatory regime’s separate consideration of safety-related from other expenditure and informed by the technical regulator’s view of safety.
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Taldykina, O. V., and A. Kh Malikova. "Legal regulation of the fiscal activities of the customs authorities: historical aspect." In ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ НАУКИ И ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ. НИЦ «Л-Журнал», 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/lj-11-2018-74.
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Tufaner, Mustafa Batuhan, Hasan Boztoprak, and İlyas Sözen. "An Alternative to The European Customs Union for Turkey in The Framework of Economic Integration Theory: Eurasian Customs Union." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c09.01957.
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The liberalization policies begun after 1980 and globalization process bring with new economic associations and trade blocs among countries. The European Customs Union which established to improve economic relations and to make the political integration possible after World War II, reached large trade capacity today. On the other hand, the Post-Soviet countries that followed similar way like European ones established Eurasian Customs Union under the leadership of Kazakhstan, Belarus and Russia. The advantage of European Customs Union for Turkey which became a member of it in 1995 is still discussed. From this viewpoint the study aims to answer a question that Eurasian Customs Union can be an alternative to European Customs Union for Turkey in point of trade capacity. The aim of the study is to discuss the possibility of the Eurasian Customs Union and to compare it with the European Customs Union in which Turkey is involved. In this context, at first, the conceptual framework about the subject will be discussed and European Customs Union and Turkey relations will be examined. After, the current situation of the Eurasian region will be analyzed and the possibility of the Eurasian Customs Union will be discussed. And, which customs union will be more advantageous in terms of Turkey will be examined by VAR analysis.
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Bakhcheyeva, Emiliia. "Self-regulation of the subject of psychological consulting." In Personal resourse of human agency at work in changing Russia. ScientificWorld, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.30888/978-5-6041451-4-2.1.6.
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Dumančić, Kosjenka. "THE EU REGULATORY ACTIVITIES IN THE AREA OF DIGITAL PLATFORMS AND SERVICES PROVISION." In EU 2021 – The future of the EU in and after the pandemic. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/18347.
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New and innovative ways of service provisions based on digital platforms have changed the ways in which doing business, communicating and connecting providers to users in the EU Internal Market are shaped and transformed. Since the adoption of the Directive 2000/31/EC (the E-Commerce Directive) in 2000 digital services have gained market dominance, and this has become especially evident during the Covid-19 virus crisis when the importance of digital technologies in all aspects of modern life became prominent. It has clearly shown the dependency of the economy and the society on digital services highlighting both the benefits and the risks that stem from the current framework for the functioning of the services provided by the digital platforms regardless of whether they are defined as digital services or not. In the European Commission (EC) Communication “Shaping Europe’s Digital Future” the EC committed to update the horizontal rules that define the responsibilities and obligations of digital service providers, and online platforms in particular. Additionally, the European Parliament’s “Report on the Digital Services Act and fundamental rights issues posed” highlights the need for legal clarity of platforms and users, as well as respect for fundamental rights in the light of the rapid development of technology. According to the current data, the digital platforms account for over 10% of the EU's 45 million users. These platforms are subject not only to the specific obligations in controlling their own risks, but also to a new oversight structure. In 2020 the EC initiative was finalized by the “Proposal for a Regulation on a Single Market for Digital Service” which addresses the negative consequences arising from certain behaviours on platforms. Since the EU Internal market is impacted significantly by platforms that serve as intermediaries for business users to reach their customers, sometimes these companies assume control over the entire platform ecosystems, which in turn can grant them the opportunity to regulate certain relations. The controlling power comes from the practices that platform companies exercise and from using the data of the businesses and users operating on these platforms. This paper aims to analyse the current regulation on digital platforms and digital service provisions in the EU Internal Market and offer some conclusions on its possible impact on the market’s functioning especially in the times of the Covid-19 pandemic and subsequently.
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Zucca, Alessandro, Sergey Khayrulin, Natalya Vyazemskaya, Borys Shershnyov, and Geoff Myers. "Development of a Liquid Fuel System for GE MS5002E Gas Turbine: Rig Test Validation of the Combustor Performance." In ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-26046.
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Analysis of the Oil & Gas market segment showed that potential MS5002E customers could benefit from firing the gas turbine with distillate oil as a back-up fuel, mainly to provide power when the fuel gas is not available (e.g. when the plant itself is being commissioned). To address this customer need, the design of a dual fuel system for such mission should target simplicity, reliability and minimize the additional cost with respect to the single gas version. To achieve these targets, the development of the dual fuel system for the MS5002E leveraged the efforts made by GE for the design of a liquid fuel system for Frame 9F-1 series with no need of atomization air. Moreover, the emission capability during liquid fuel operation was enhanced allowing the mixing of water and fuel before injection in the combustion chamber and using of improved injection technology, thus improving the efficiency of water injection with a significant reduction in the required water flow rates; the importance of this achievement is related to both the increasingly stringent regulation on this subject and the often poor availability of water in the Oil & Gas market segment. The system is capable of continuous operation without water injection for applications where emissions are not critical; in these cases a small amount of demineralized water is employed occasionally for fuel line cooling and flushing, thus helping to guarantee constant performances of the injectors, and to maintain liquid fuel start-up capability over time. This paper presents the expected performance, in terms of ignition capability, emissions, operability and expected hardware durability on LF/water-fuel emulsion operation, based on a single can rig test campaign. The new liquid fuel cartridges were tested from ignition to base load at ISO and extreme simulated ambient conditions, both with and without water injection, showing promising performance in terms of combustor operability and emissions. All the combustor components were instrumented with thermocouples to assess variations in the hardware thermal levels with respect to the single gas conditions, and identify possible issues related to the transient and steady-state liquid fuel operation. Further development and testing will be carried out in the next phases of the development, and the performance will be confirmed by a dedicated engine test at the first commercial opportunity.
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Memon, Attaullah Y., and Hassan K. Khalil. "Output regulation of linear systems subject to input constraints." In 2008 47th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2008.4739355.
Full textReports on the topic "Subject of customs regulation"
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Kira, Beatriz, Rutendo Tavengerwei, and Valary Mumbo. Points à examiner à l'approche des négociations de Phase II de la ZLECAf: enjeux de la politique commerciale numérique dans quatre pays d'Afrique subsaharienne. Digital Pathways at Oxford, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-dp-wp_2022/01.
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Realities such as the COVID-19 pandemic have expedited the move to online operations, highlighting the undeniable fact that the world is continuing to go digital. This emphasises the need for policymakers to regulate in a manner that allows them to harness digital trade benefits while also avoiding associated risk. However, given that digital trade remains unco-ordinated globally, with countries adopting different approaches to policy issues, national regulatory divergence on the matter continues, placing limits on the benefits that countries can obtain from digital trade. Given these disparities, ahead of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) Phase II Negotiations, African countries have been considering the best way to harmonise regulations on issues related to digital trade. To do this effectively, AfCFTA members need to identify where divergencies exist in their domestic regulatory systems. This will allow AfCFTA members to determine where harmonisation is possible, as well as what is needed to achieve such harmonisation. This report analyses the domestic regulations and policies of four focus countries – South Africa, Nigeria, Kenya and Senegal – comparing their regulatory approaches to five policy issues: i) regulation of online transactions; ii) cross-border data flows, data localisation, and personal data protection; iii) access to source code and technology transfer; iv) intermediary liability; and v) customs duties on electronic transmissions. The study highlights where divergencies exist in adopted approaches, indicating the need for the four countries – and AfCFTA members in general – to carefully consider the implications of the divergences, and determine where it is possible and beneficial to harmonise approaches. This was intended to encourage AfCFTA member states to take ownership of these issues and reflect on the reforms needed. As seen in Table 1 below, the study shows that the four countries diverge on most of the five policy issues. There are differences in how all four countries regulate online transactions – that is, e-signatures and online consumer protection. Nigeria was the only country out of the four to recognise all types of e-signatures as legally equivalent. Kenya and Senegal only recognise specific e-signatures, which are either issued or validated by a recognised institution, while South Africa adopts a mixed approach, where it recognises all e-signatures as legally valid, but provides higher evidentiary weight to certain types of e-signatures. Only South Africa and Senegal have specific regulations relating to online consumer protection, while Nigeria and Kenya do not have any clear rules. With regards to cross border data flows, data localisation, and personal data protection, the study shows that all four focus countries have regulations that consist of elements borrowed from the European Union (EU) General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). In particular, this was regarding the need for the data subject's consent, and also the adequacy requirement. Interestingly, the study also shows that South Africa, Kenya and Nigeria also adopt data localisation measures, although at different levels of strictness. South Africa’s data localisation laws are mostly imposed on data that is considered critical – which is then required to be processed within South African borders – while Nigeria requires all data to be processed and stored locally, using local servers. Kenya imposes data localisation measures that are mostly linked to its priority for data privacy. Out of the four focus countries, Senegal is the only country that does not impose any data localisation laws. Although the study shows that all four countries share a position on customs duties on electronic transmissions, it is also interesting to note that none of the four countries currently have domestic regulations or policies on the subject. The report concludes by highlighting that, as the AfCFTA Phase II Negotiations aim to arrive at harmonisation and to improve intra-African trade and international trade, AfCFTA members should reflect on their national policies and domestic regulations to determine where harmonisation is needed, and whether AfCFTA is the right platform for achieving this efficiently.
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Prusky, Dov, Nancy P. Keller, and Amir Sherman. global regulation of mycotoxin accumulation during pathogenicity of Penicillium expansum in postharvest fruits. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7600012.bard.
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Background to the topic- Penicilliumas a postharvest pathogen and producer of the mycotoxin PAT. Penicilliumspp. are destructive phytopathogens, capable of causing decay in many deciduous fruits, during postharvest handling and storage; and the resulting losses can amount to 10% of the stored produce and the accumulation of large amounts of the mycotoxinpatulin. The overall goal of this proposal is to identify critical host and pathogen factors that modulate P. expansummycotoxin genes and pathways which are required for PAT production and virulence. Our preliminary results indicated that gluconic acid are strongly affecting patulin accumulation during colonization. P. expansumacidifies apple fruit tissue during colonization in part through secretion of gluconic acid (GLA). Several publications suggested that GLA accumulation is an essential factor in P. expansumpathogenicity. Furthermore, down regulation of GOX2 significantly reduced PAT accumulation and pathogenicity. PAT is a polyketide and its biosynthesis pathway includes a 15-gene cluster. LaeA is a global regulator of mycotoxin synthesis. It is now known that patulin synthesis might be subjected to LaeA and sometimes by environmental sensing global regulatory factors including the carbon catabolite repressor CreA as well as the pH regulator factor PacC and nitrogen regulator AreA. The mechanisms by which LaeA regulates patulin synthesis was not fully known and was part of our work. Furthermore, the regulatory system that controls gene expression in accordance with ambient pH was also included in our work. PacC protein is in an inactive conformation and is unable to bind to the promoter sites of the target genes; however, under alkaline growth conditions activated PacC acts as both an activator of alkaline-expressed genes and a repressor of acid-expressed genes. The aims of the project- This project aims to provide new insights on the roles of LaeA and PacC and their signaling pathways that lead to GLA and PAT biosynthesis and pathogenicity on the host. Specifically, our specific aims were: i) To elucidate the mechanism of pH-controlled regulation of GLA and PAT, and their contribution to pathogenesis of P. expansum. We are interested to understanding how pH and/or GLA impact/s under PacC regulation affect PAT production and pathogenesis. ii) To characterize the role of LaeA, the global regulator of mycotoxin production, and its effect on PAT and PacC activity. iii) To identify the signaling pathways leading to GLA and PAT synthesis. Using state- of-the-art RNAseq technologies, we will interrogate the transcriptomes of laeAand pacCmutants, to identify the common signaling pathways regulating synthesis of both GLA and PAT. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements- In our first Aim our results demonstrated that ammonia secreted at the leading edge of the fungal colony induced transcript activation of the global pH modulator PacC and PAT accumulation in the presence of GLA. We assessed these parameters by: (i) direct exogenous treatment of P. expansumgrowing on solid medium; (ii) direct exogenous treatment on colonized apple tissue; (iii) growth under self-ammonia production conditions with limited carbon; and (iv) analysis of the transcriptional response to ammonia of the PAT biosynthesis cluster. Ammonia induced PAT accumulation concurrently with the transcript activation of pacCand PAT biosynthesis cluster genes, indicating the regulatory effect of ammonia on pacCtranscript expression under acidic conditions. Transcriptomic analysis of pH regulated processes showed that important genes and BARD Report - Project 4773 Page 2 of 10 functionalities of P. expansumwere controlled by environmental pH. The differential expression patterns of genes belonging to the same gene family suggest that genes were selectively activated according to their optimal environmental conditions to enable the fungus to cope with varying conditions and to make optimal use of available enzymes. Concerning the second and third Aims, we demonstrated that LaeA regulates several secondary metabolite genes, including the PAT gene cluster and concomitant PAT synthesis invitro. Virulence studies of ΔlaeAmutants of two geographically distant P. expansumisolates (Pe-21 from Israel and Pe-T01 from China) showed differential reduction in disease severity in freshly harvested fruit ranging from no reduction for Ch-Pe-T01 strains in immature fruit to 15–25% reduction for both strains in mature fruit, with the ΔlaeAstrains of Is-Pe-21 always showing a greater loss in virulence. Results suggest the importance of LaeA regulation of PAT and other secondary metabolites on pathogenicity. Our work also characterized for the first time the role of sucrose, a key nutritional factor present in apple fruit, as a negative regulator of laeAexpression and consequent PAT production in vitro. This is the first report of sugar regulation of laeAexpression, suggesting that its expression may be subject to catabolite repression by CreA. Some, but not all of the 54 secondary metabolite backbone genes in the P. expansumgenome, including the PAT polyketide backbone gene, were found to be regulated by LaeA. Together, these findings enable for the first time a straight analysis of a host factor that potentially activates laeAand subsequent PAT synthesis.
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Zakharov, P. A. The concept of the activities of officials of border authorities in the conduct of an administrative investigation in cases of administrative offenses. DOI CODE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/2074-1944-2021-0468.
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. In this article, based on the analysis of the main elements of the activities of officials of border agencies in the conduct of administrative investigation in cases of administrative offenses, its general and specific characteristics are highlighted, which together allowed the author to propose a definition of the investigated type of activity. Not only the current legal regulation in the field of application of the administrative investigation specified in Article 28.7 of the Administrative Code, but also the inconsistency of the emerging scientific-categorical apparatus of the affected subject area are subjected to critical consideration.
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Jones, Emily, Beatriz Kira, Anna Sands, and Danilo B. Garrido Alves. The UK and Digital Trade: Which way forward? Blavatnik School of Government, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-wp-2021/038.
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The internet and digital technologies are upending global trade. Industries and supply chains are being transformed, and the movement of data across borders is now central to the operation of the global economy. Provisions in trade agreements address many aspects of the digital economy – from cross-border data flows, to the protection of citizens’ personal data, and the regulation of the internet and new technologies like artificial intelligence and algorithmic decision-making. The UK government has identified digital trade as a priority in its Global Britain strategy and one of the main sources of economic growth to recover from the pandemic. It wants the UK to play a leading role in setting the international standards and regulations that govern the global digital economy. The regulation of digital trade is a fast-evolving and contentious issue, and the US, European Union (EU), and China have adopted different approaches. Now that the UK has left the EU, it will need to navigate across multiple and often conflicting digital realms. The UK needs to decide which policy objectives it will prioritise, how to regulate the digital economy domestically, and how best to achieve its priorities when negotiating international trade agreements. There is an urgent need to develop a robust, evidence-based approach to the UK’s digital trade strategy that takes into account the perspectives of businesses, workers, and citizens, as well as the approaches of other countries in the global economy. This working paper aims to inform UK policy debates by assessing the state of play in digital trade globally. The authors present a detailed analysis of five policy areas that are central to discussions on digital trade for the UK: cross-border data flows and privacy; internet access and content regulation; intellectual property and innovation; e-commerce (including trade facilitation and consumer protection); and taxation (customs duties on e-commerce and digital services taxes). In each of these areas the authors compare and contrast the approaches taken by the US, EU and China, discuss the public policy implications, and examine the choices facing the UK.
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Minero Alejandre, Gemma. Ownership of Databases: Personal Data Protection and Intellectual Property Rights on Databases. Universitätsbibliothek J. C. Senckenberg, Frankfurt am Main, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/gups.64578.
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When we think on initiatives on access to and reuse of data, we must consider both the European Intellectual Property Law and the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The first one provides a special intellectual property (IP) right – the sui generis right – for those makers that made a substantial investment when creating the database, whether it contains personal or non-personal data. That substantial investment can be made by just one person, but, in many cases, it is the result of the activities of many people and/or some undertakings processing and aggregating data. In the modern digital economy, data are being dubbed the ‘new oil’ and the sui generis right might be con- sidered a right to control any access to the database, thus having an undeniable relevance. Besides, there are still important inconsistences between IP Law and the GDPR, which must be removed by the European legislator. The genuine and free consent of the data subject for the use of his/her data must remain the first step of the legal analysis.
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Hristodulo, Olga Igorevna, and Miliausha Ilgamovna Akhmetzianova. Development of a geo-information system for monitoring the attractiveness of municipalities using parametric, structural approaches (case of Republic of Bashkortostan). DOI CODE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/doicode-2021.003.
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To date, one of the most important tasks of the State in ensuring the sustainable socio-economic and demographic development of the country is the regulation of migration processes. In the Republic of Bashkortostan in recent years there has been an increase in the number of people participating in both intraregional and extra-regional migration, which indicates the need to manage migration flows for the effective development of territories of this entity. In this connection, this article is dedicated to the development of GIS monitoring of the attractiveness of municipalities of the Republic of Bashkortostan, aimed at improving the effectiveness of decision-making in formulating migration policies in the region, based on a systematic combination of parametric and structural approaches. In the course of the study the analysis of existing approaches applied in this subject area, the methodology for determining the attractiveness coefficient of municipalities of the Republic of Bashkortostan was developed, A functional and information model for monitoring the attractiveness of municipalities has been developed, and a logical structural model of GIS monitoring the attractiveness of municipalities of the Republic of Bashkortostan has been built.
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Carty, Anthony, and Jing Gu. Theory and Practice in China’s Approaches to Multilateralism and Critical Reflections on the Western ‘Rules-Based International Order’. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2021.057.
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China is the subject of Western criticism for its supposed disregard of the rules-based international order. Such a charge implies that China is unilateralist. The aim in this study is to explain how China does in fact have a multilateral approach to international relations. China’s core idea of a community of shared future of humanity shows that it is aware of the need for a universal foundation for world order. The Research Report focuses on explaining the Chinese approach to multilateralism from its own internal perspective, with Chinese philosophy and history shaping its view of the nature of rules, rights, law, and of institutions which should shape relationships. A number of case studies show how the Chinese perspectives are implemented, such as with regards to development finance, infrastructure projects (especially the Belt and Road Initiative), shaping new international organisations (such as the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank), climate change, cyber-regulation and Chinese participation in the United Nations in the field of human rights and peacekeeping. Looking at critical Western opinion of this activity, we find speculation around Chinese motives. This is why a major emphasis is placed on a hermeneutic approach to China which explains how it sees its intentions. The heart of the Research Report is an exploration of the underlying Chinese philosophy of rulemaking, undertaken in a comparative perspective to show how far it resembles or differs from the Western philosophy of rulemaking.
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Hodges, Thomas K., and David Gidoni. Regulated Expression of Yeast FLP Recombinase in Plant Cells. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7574341.bard.
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Research activities in both our laboratories were directed toward development of control of the FLP/frt recombination system for plants. As described in the text of the research proposal, the US lab has been engaged in developing regulatory strategies such as tissue-specific promoters and the steroid-inducible activation of the FLP enzyme while the main research activities in Israel have been directed toward the development and testing of a copper-regulated expression of flp recombinase in tobacco (this is an example of a promoter activation by metal ions). The Israeli lab hat additionally completed experiments of previous studies regarding factors affecting the efficiency of recombinase activity using both a gain-of-function assay (excisional-activation of a gusA marker) and loss of function assay (excision of a rolC marker) in tobacco. Site-specific recombinase systems, in particular the FLP/frt and R/RS systems of yeast and the Cre/lox system of bacteriophage P1, have become an essential component of targeted genetic transformation procedures both in animal and plant organisms. To provide more flexibility in transgene excisions by the recombinase systems as well as gene targeting, and to widen possible applications, the development of controlled or regulated recombination systems is highly desirable and was therefore the subject of this research proposal. There are a few possible mechanisms to regulate expression of a recombinase system. They include: 1) control of the recombination system by having the target sites (e.g. frt) in one plant and the flp recombinase gene in another, and bringing the two together by cross fertilization. 2) regulation of promoter activities by external stimuli such as temperature, chemicals, metal ions, etc. 3) regulation of promoter activities by internal signals, i.e. cell- or tissue-specific, or developmental regulation. 4) regulation of enzyme activity by providing cofactors essential for biochemical reactions to take place such as steroid molecules in conjunction with a steroid ligand-binding protein (domains). During the course of this research our major emphasis have been focused toward studying the feasibility of hybrid seed production in Arabidopsis, using FLP/frt. Male-sterility was induced using the antisence of a pollen- and tapetum-specific gene, bcp1, isolated from Arabidopsis. The sterility inducing gene was flanked by frt sites. Upon cross pollination of flowers of male-sterile plants with pollen from FLP-containing plants, viable seeds were produced, and the progeny hybrid plants developed normally. The major achievement from this work is the first demonstration of using a site-specific recombinase to restore fertility in male-sterile plants (see attached paper, Luo et al., Plant J 2000; 23:423-430). The implication from this finding is that site-specific recombination systems can be applied in crop plants as a useful alternative method for hybrid seed production.
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Lewis, Dustin, Gabriella Blum, and Naz Modirzadeh. Indefinite War: Unsettled International Law on the End of Armed Conflict. Harvard Law School Program on International Law and Armed Conflict, February 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.54813/yrjv6070.
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Can we say, definitively, when an armed conflict no longer exists under international law? The short, unsatisfying answer is sometimes: it is clear when some conflicts terminate as a matter of international law, but a decisive determination eludes many others. The lack of fully-settled guidance often matters significantly. That is because international law tolerates, for the most part, far less violent harm, devastation, and suppression in situations other than armed conflicts. Thus, certain measures governed by the laws and customs of war—including killing and capturing the enemy, destroying and seizing enemy property, and occupying foreign territory, all on a possibly large scale—would usually constitute grave violations of peacetime law. This Legal Briefing details the legal considerations and analyzes the implications of that lack of settled guidance. It delves into the myriad (and often-inconsistent) provisions in treaty law, customary law, and relevant jurisprudence that purport to govern the end of war. Alongside the doctrinal analysis, this Briefing considers the changing concept of war and of what constitutes its end; evaluates diverse interests at stake in the continuation or close of conflict; and contextualizes the essentially political work of those who design the law. In all, this Legal Briefing reveals that international law, as it now stands, provides insufficient guidance to precisely discern the end of many armed conflicts as a factual matter (when has the war ended?), as a normative matter (when should the war end?), and as a legal matter (when does the international-legal framework of armed conflict cease to apply in relation to the war?). The current plurality of legal concepts of armed conflict, the sparsity of IHL provisions that instruct the end of application, and the inconsistency among such provisions thwart uniform regulation and frustrate the formulation of a comprehensive notion of when wars can, should, and do end. Fleshing out the criteria for the end of war is a considerable challenge. Clearly, many of the problems identified in this Briefing are first and foremost strategic and political. Yet, as part of a broader effort to strengthen international law’s claim to guide behavior in relation to war and protect affected populations, international lawyers must address the current confusion and inconsistencies that so often surround the end of armed conflict.
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Cram, Jana, Mary Levandowski, Kaci Fitzgibbon, and Andrew Ray. Water resources summary for the Snake River and Jackson Lake Reservoir in Grand Teton National Park and John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Memorial Parkway: Preliminary analysis of 2016 data. National Park Service, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2285179.
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This report summarizes discharge and water quality monitoring data for the Snake River and Jackson Lake reservoir levels in Grand Teton National Park and John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Memorial Parkway for calendar year 2016. Annual and long-term discharge summaries and an evaluation of chemical conditions relative to state and federal water quality standards are presented. These results are considered provisional, and may be subject to change. River Discharge: Hydrographs for the Snake River at Flagg Ranch, WY, and Moose, WY, exhibit a general pattern of high early summer flows and lower baseflows occurring in late summer and fall. During much of 2016, flows at the Flagg Ranch monitoring location were similar to the 25th percentile of daily flows at that site. Peak flows at Flagg Ranch were similar to average peak flow from 1983 to 2015 but occurred eleven days earlier in the year compared to the long-term average. Peak flows and daily flows at the Moose monitoring station were below the long-term average. Peak flows occurred four days later than the long-term average. During summer months, the unnatural hydro-graph at the Moose monitoring location exhibited signs of flow regulation associated with the management of Jackson Lake. Water Quality Monitoring in the Snake River: Water quality in the Snake River exhibited seasonal variability over the sampling period. Specifically, total iron peaked during high flows. In contrast, chloride, sulfate, sodium, magnesium, and calcium levels were at their annual minimum during high flows. Jackson Lake Reservoir: Reservoir storage dynamics in Jackson Lake exhibit a pattern of spring filling associated with early snowmelt runoff reaching maximum storage in mid-summer (on or near July 1). During 2016, filling water levels and reservoir storage began to increase in Jackson Lake nearly two weeks earlier than the long-term average and coincident with increases in runoff-driven flows in the Snake River. Although peak storage in Jackson Lake was larger and occurred earlier than the long-term average, minimum storage levels were similar to the long-term average.