Journal articles on the topic 'Subject Italy'
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1
Ledgeway, Adam, Norma Schifano, and Giuseppina Silvestri. "Changing alignments in the Greek of southern Italy." Journal of Greek Linguistics 20, no. 1 (June 4, 2020): 5–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15699846-02001003.
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Abstract This article investigates a peculiar pattern of subject case-marking in the Greek of southern Italy. Recent fieldwork with native speakers, coupled with the consultation of some written sources, reveals that, alongside prototypical nominative subjects, Italo-Greek also licenses accusative subjects, despite displaying a predominantly nominative-accusative alignment. Far from being random replacements within a highly attrited grammar, the distribution of these accusative subjects obeys specific structural principles, revealing similarities with historical attestations of the so-called “extended accusative” in early Indo-European. On the basis of these data, Italo-Greek is argued to be undergoing a progressive shift towards an active-stative alignment, a claim supported by additional evidence from auxiliary selection, adverb agreement and sentential word order.
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Fedeli, Piergiorgio, Nunzia Cannovo, Rosa Guarino, and Vincenzo Graziano. "Informed Consent for Genetics Research in Italy." Open Medicine Journal 6, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874220301906010006.
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Background:Genetic research has become an indispensable instrument for medical research, and the subjects involved have both divergent and convergent interests.Objective:The possibility of having more detailed genetic information undoubtedly offers benefits for the health of the subject, but could also pose risks and make the subject vulnerable to discrimination.The scientific community has viewed very favorably the public health utility of family history, in which data from a family whose members suffer from chronic pathologies is collected and filed, in order to develop a sort of "stratification of family risk."Even though in the last decade the scientific and juridical literature has contributed greatly to the topic of biobanks, the perplexities that continue to surround this theme give the idea that current ethical protocols on research are inadequate.Conclusion:Genetic data must be used not to exploit, but to serve the person. Freedom and responsibility must be the twin guiding lights for establishing parameters for the use of biological samples. An evaluation of how this technology impacts the various aspects of the future of society is urgently needed.
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Pizzorno, Alessandro. "Opposition in Italy." Government and Opposition 32, no. 4 (October 1997): 647–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.1997.tb00451.x.
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IN ROBERT DAHL'S ACCOUNT OF THE SUBJECT ‘OPPOSITION’ IS SEEN AS a political actor, opposing the government in parliament, having goals and strategies, being cohesive or not, well identifiable or not, aggressive or less aggressive in its action, and so on. As it is a ‘theory of action’, applying it would necessarily require (as Jean Blondel also shows in his essay) determining the ‘goals’ of the opposition. One would then be able to predict what a certain opposition would probably be doing, and explain why one type of opposition must be classified as different from another. I maintain, however, that the concept of ‘the goals of a political actor’ is a very elusive, and at the very least, an oversimplified concept. Indeed, it is impossible to match it with the facts and operationalize it. The analysis of the Italian case during the First Republic shows this clearly.
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Salvini, Simonetta, Calogero Saieva, Anna Vittoria Ciardullo, Salvatore Panico, Giovanna Masala, Melania Assedi, Franco Berrino, et al. "Physical Activity in the EPIC-Italy Centers." Tumori Journal 89, no. 6 (November 2003): 646–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030089160308900608.
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The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and nutrition offers the opportunity to explore patterns of physical activity in a large series of healthy adults enrolled in the different local cohorts of the Italian section of the European EPIC project. Physical activity is considered one of the means by which chronic disease could be prevented. Subjects in the EPIC study completed a life-style questionnaire, with a section dedicated to the assessment of physical activity at work and during leisure time. Time spent in the various activities was transformed into an index of physical activity (physical activity level, PAL) and an activity index that includes intense activity (PAL; intense activity included). Quintiles of these indexes were computed in order to observe the distribution of subject characteristics according to levels of physical activity. In general, the population was characterized by low levels of physical activity at work, with more than 50% of the sample reporting sedentary occupations. During leisure time, only a small percentage of subjects compensated for the inactivity at work by engaging in energy-consuming activities. In particular, organized fitness activities were reported by a small percentage of people, whereas walking was the most common sort of physical activity. Specific types of activity seemed to characterize subjects in the different areas of the country, reflecting local traditions or specific living situations. Detailed information about physical activity habits, together with a description of other characteristics, could help in designing physical activity promotion programs in different Italian populations and age groups.
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Loconsole, Daniela, Anna Sallustio, Francesca Centrone, Daniele Casulli, Marisa Accogli, Annalisa Saracino, Caterina Foti, et al. "Monkeypox Virus Infections in Southern Italy: Is There a Risk for Community Spread?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 18 (September 17, 2022): 11719. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811719.
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The ongoing outbreak of the Monkeypox virus (MPXV) is characterized by sustained human-to-human transmission, particularly among men who have sex with men (MSM). The aim of the study was to describe the characteristics of the MPXV infection identified in Southern Italy. Clinical samples for each suspected case identified from 1 June to 1 August 2022 were tested for MPXV, and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed on two strains. Ten cases were identified: eight were young adult males, including six MSMs, and two were female. Nine subjects reported recent sexual exposure. One female subject without sexual exposure only reported attendance at a social gathering. Overall, 7 of 10 skin lesion samples had a high viral load of MPXV DNA, and 6/9 whole blood samples and 6/8 nasopharyngeal swab samples also tested positive. The analyzed sequences belonged to Clade 3, lineage B.1, and B.1.5, respectively. Despite this recent multinational outbreak of MPXV cases having revealed a high proportion of cases occurring among MSM, the identification of cases among heterosexual subjects and in a female subject without sexual risk factors should raise awareness among clinicians about the possible spread of MPXV in the general population.
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Frasson, Alberto, Roberta D’Alessandro, and Brechje van Osch. "Subject Clitics in Microcontact: A Case Study from Heritage Friulian in Argentina and Brazil." Heritage Language Journal 18, no. 1 (June 18, 2021): 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15507076-12340001.
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Abstract In this paper we present data from first generation immigrants (G1) and second and third generation heritage speakers of Friulian, a Rhaeto-Romance language spoken in North-Eastern Italy and also found in Argentina and Brazil. The target phenomenon is subject clitics (SCL s). We show that SCL s in heritage Friulian are in a process of being reanalyzed from being agreement markers to pronouns. While SCL s are obligatory in Friulian as spoken in Italy, they are often dropped in heritage Friulian in Argentina and Brazil; this phenomenon, we argue, needs to be interpreted as the drop of pronominal subjects, and not of agreement-like SCL s. We also demonstrate that the use of SCL s (reanalyzed as pronominal subjects) is conditioned both by grammatical factors (it happens more in some grammatical persons than in others) and by discourse factors (they are used more in the case of a continuation topic than in other topicalization contexts). This means that in heritage Friulian, discourse constraints on the expression of subjects are not being lost or weakened; in fact, against the general grammaticalization trend of pronominal forms, new discourse constraints are introduced.
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Petrucci, Maria Teresa, Elisabetta Calabrese, Anna Levi, Vincenzo Federico, Michela Ceccolini, Rita Rizzi, Alessandro Gozzetti, et al. "Economic and Social Burden of Multiple Myeloma in Italy: The Co.Mi.M. Study." Blood 112, no. 11 (November 16, 2008): 2393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.2393.2393.
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Abstract Background. Few data are available on the impact of multiple myeloma (MM) on Italian healthcare expenditure and society broadly. This is especially important because of the increased prevalence of MM in Italy. Aim and methods. The Co.Mi.M. study is a cross-sectional retrospective, prevalence-based study (Tarricone, Health Policy, 2006) that involved 5 Italian hematologic institutions and designed to measure resource utilization associated with MM management in terms of direct and indirect costs in a societal perspective. A specific questionnaire was administered to obtain anonymous, subject-level data on health-care utilization and costs in 236 subjects with MM. Quality of Life (QoL) data collection was included in the protocol. Data sources included clinical records and interviews with physicians and patients. Four disease-phases were considered in a stratified distribution that reflects real clinical practice: asymptomatic (“watch and wait”); symptomatic, receiving an autotransplant; symptomatic, receiving drugs; and plateau/remission. Costs were identified over 1 year of disease management with regard to: drugs; visits; laboratory tests; hospital admissions; support devices; home assistance; travel; and reduced productivity of patients and caregivers. Costs for lost working days were derived according to the human capital method using national average earnings per working category. No clinical outcomes were collected. Health-related QoL was measured using the EORTC QLQ-C30. Results. The sample distribution was as follows: 16.5% asymptomatic; 12.3% symptomatic, receiving an autotransplant; 44.5% symptomatic, receiving drugs; and 26.7% plateau/remission. The average social costs per subject per year were €20,868. Direct health-care costs (hospitalizations, drugs, diagnostics, visits, etc) were €16,867 per subject per year; direct non-health care costs (transportation, hotels, paid care, etc.) were €1,776 per patient per year; indirect costs (productivity loss) were €2,225 per subject per year. The average direct health care costs per subject per year in the different subgroups were: €755, €53,102; €18,882; €6,803. The groups with the highest resource utilization were (b) the autotransplanted and (c) those receiving drugs. Specifically, 95% of total hospitalizations were related to autotransplant. Conclusion. The main resource utilization comes for direct medical costs. MM treatment strategy has changed dramatically in the last years. In particular, transplant and pharmacological treatments represent the most relevant costs, although counterbalanced by the highly increased clinical outcomes reported in the literature. After year 2000 the post-relapse survival has steadily improved. In particular, an improvement in survival amongst patients who had access to one or more innovative drugs has been demonstrated (Shaji Kumar, Blood, 2007).
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ZANELLI, G., A. SANSONI, A. ZANCHI, S. CRESTI, S. POLLINI, G. M. ROSSOLINI, and C. CELLESI. "Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in the community: a survey from central Italy." Epidemiology and Infection 129, no. 2 (October 2002): 417–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268802007434.
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Recently, concern has increased regarding the spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the community. We studied 812 subjects from central Italy to establish the rates of nasal carriage of S. aureus, and antibiotic susceptibility patterns, in the community. The prevalence of S. aureus nasal carriage was 30.5%. Only one subject, with predisposing risk factors for acquisition, was identified as carrier of MRSA (prevalence of 0.12%). The presence of MRSA in the community of our area still appears to be a rare event. Among methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) isolates, a surprisingly high rate (18%) of resistance to rifampin was observed.
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Prosperi, Luigi. "‘With or Without You’: Why Italy Should Incorporate Crimes Against Humanity and Genocide Into Its National Legal System." International Criminal Law Review 21, no. 4 (April 20, 2021): 698–714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718123-bja10058.
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Abstract By ratifying the Genocide Convention, Italy undertook an obligation to enact legislation ‘to provide effective penalties for persons guilty of genocide’. Accordingly, in 1967 the legislator incorporated the offences enumerated in the convention into the domestic legal system. As it was under no such obligation with regard to crimes against humanity, Italy has not criminalized them. Two major legal issues arise from this decision. First, Italy may be unable to execute cooperation requests submitted by the International Criminal Court, and thus breach an international obligation. Furthermore, domestic authorities can only charge suspects with ‘corresponding’ ordinary offences, which are subject to statutes of limitations. Both issues are addressed in the Draft Convention on Crimes Against Humanity adopted by the International Law Commission, whose provisions require States Parties to enact legislation to ensure that under domestic criminal law such crimes constitute offences and are not subject to a statute of limitations.
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Cognola, Federica. "On the left periphery of three languages of Northern Italy." Linguistic Variation 19, no. 1 (September 24, 2019): 82–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lv.16005.cog.
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Abstract Through a focus on the properties of subject-finite verb inversion and XP fronting in three relaxed V2 languages, namely Cimbrian, Ladin and Mòcheno, this paper aims to widen and refine our understanding of relaxed V2 languages, i.e. languages in which the V2 property should be understood in a technical sense as obligatory V-to-C movement, not as a simple description referring to linearisation (Benincà 2006, 2013; Ledgeway 2016). It will be shown that inversion differs across relaxed V2 languages in two ways. In a first subtype, inversion is not associated with any marked pragmatic interpretation of the lexical subject and the subject appears in an A position in the IP area: this type is instantiated by Old Italian (Benincà 2006, Poletto 2014). A second option, instantiated by the languages considered in this paper, is that the lexical subject receives a pragmatically marked interpretation which is encoded in a Functional Projection (FP) in the vP periphery (Belletti 2004, Poletto 2006). This paper confirms that V3/V4 word orders involve the presence of a double articulation for foci and wh-elements, which appear in different positions in the CP layer in relaxed V2 languages (Poletto 2002, Wolfe 2015 a,b). It also contributes to our understanding of the syntax of topics in relaxed V2 languages by showing that (i) topics can be moved to CP and (ii) the movement option is not restricted to main clauses lacking an XP in the left periphery; it also occurs in interrogative clauses (unlike in the relaxed V2 varieties considered in Walkden 2014, 2015).
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Tomaselli, Alessandra, and Ermenegildo Bidese. "Fortune and Decay of Lexical Expletives in Germanic and Romance along the Adige River." Languages 8, no. 1 (February 1, 2023): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages8010044.
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Lexical expletives can be divided into two main classes: (i) CP expletives required by the V2 constraint and, hence, by the necessity to lexicalize the position on the left of the inflected verb and (ii) TP expletives connected with the negative value of the pro-drop parameter and, therefore, with the necessity to lexicalize the ’structural‘ subject position, specifically, [Spec, TP]. The latter can, in turn, be divided into two subclasses: impersonal subjects and positional expletives, which occur with postverbal/low subjects and extraposed subject clauses. While CP expletives only appear in Germanic varieties that maintain V2, the subclassification of TP expletives yields interesting results when comparing Cimbrian and the Venetan varieties in Nord-East Italy, where the gradual disappearance of the positional expletive in free inversion structures and the residual maintenance of impersonal subjects from North to South along the Adige River confirms the distinction between two classes of subject expletives; furthermore, the resilience of impersonal subjects and their distribution in the northwestern part of the area under consideration sheds light on the role of language contact which is confirmed along the same axis—but crucially in the opposite direction—by the increasing employment of cleft constructions in WH-clauses replacing enclisis (i.e.,: pronominal subject inversion with the finite verb).
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La Vecchia, Carlo, Paolo Bruzzi, Adriano Decadi, Franco Gaboardi, and Peter Boyle. "An Estimate of Prostate Cancer Prevalence in Italy." Tumori Journal 88, no. 5 (September 2002): 367–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030089160208800503.
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Estimates of the total number of men with a previous diagnosis of prostate cancer in Italy range from 55,000 to 135,000. This wide range of variation is largely due to uncertainties on the number of protein-specific antigen-detected, asymptomatic cases. The number of clinically detected cases, including cases with advanced disease, is less subject to uncertainty, with reasonable estimates ranging from 45,000 to 60,000.
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Bianchi, Carla. "Art book publishing in italy: The 1990s." Art Libraries Journal 17, no. 3 (1992): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307472200007963.
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Changes taking place in Italian publishing include the decline of old family firms and the amalgamating of publishing in a relatively few, large companies with interests in other fields of activity. Art publishing is largely monopolised by a small number of big publishing groups based in Milan, although some smaller firms produce art publications, generally of local interest, elsewhere, and a number of medium-sized family or specialised businesses remain active in this field. Another, perhaps unique, feature of Italian art publishing is the production of art books financed by banks and used by them for promotional purposes. Initially hard to get hold of, these publications — sometimes in the form of a second, public, edition – are becoming more available, and are now the subject of a bibliography.
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Desittere, Marcel. "The circumstances of the first prehistoric science in Italy." Antiquity 65, no. 248 (September 1991): 567–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00080182.
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In another – and perhaps the last – of the sequence of contributions to Antiquity on the subject of the invention of prehistory in various lands, the example of Italy is explored. Again, the basic inspirations, especially from geology, are the same; and again the particular form of Italian prehistory also reflected, and may yet reflect, the special conditions of the nation's cultural and intellectual life in the 19th century.
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Pruneri, Fabio, Stefano Lentini, Brunella Serpe, and Caterina Sindoni. "Not just A, B, C. Education and Development in Southern Italy (1861-1914)." Rivista di Storia dell’Educazione 9, no. 1 (June 11, 2022): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/rse-13247.
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The difference between the regions of northern and southern Italy has always been the subject of debate and scholarly reflection. The focus of this monographic issue, within the context of PRIN 2017 "Education and development in southern Italy (1861-1914)", aims to update the historiographical discussion on key aspects of the evolution of education and training in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and to study the problems that the “Mezzogiorno” faced especially with regard to the formation of human capital.
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Randazzo, Francesco. "The Diplomatic Action of Pietro Quaroni. The Relations between Italy and the USSR in the Period between 1944 and 1945." Acta Marisiensis. Seria Historia 1, no. 1 (December 1, 2019): 70–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amsh-2020-0005.
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Abstract The present study approaches the subject of the diplomatic relation between Italy and the Soviet Union during 1944 and 1945 beginning with 27th May 1944 when Pietro Quaroni, a career diplomat, presented the credentials of ambassador.
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Euron, Paolo. "Buddhism in Italy in the Nineteenth Century." MANUSYA 19, no. 2 (2016): 71–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26659077-01902004.
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First reports on Buddhism arrived in Italy in the sixteenth century through Italian Catholic missionaries. Later several scholars developed a philological and philosophical understanding of it. The attitude toward Buddhism changed from an anthropological interest to a philological study. In the academic field of philology the Theravāda tradition and the Siamese edition of Tripitaka had great importance. The spread of Buddhism in Italy in the nineteenth century also increasingly influenced Italian culture and ideas. Outside of academic debate Buddhism became a subject of apologetics and philosophy as well as a topic of general interest. This essay is based on books and printed material published in Italy before the twentieth century. It contains the complete bibliography of Italian studies on Buddhism in the nineteenth century. Some texts cited in this essay are unpublished or rare documents from Italian archives.
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Traina, Giusto. "Orientals in Late Antique Italy: Some Observations." Electrum 29 (October 21, 2022): 249–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20800909el.22.016.15786.
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Some evidence points at the presence of Orientals in late Roman Italy: traders (labelled “Syrians”), petty sellers (the pantapolae in Nov. Val. 5), but also students, professors such as Ammianus Marcellinus, or pilgrims. Although being Roman citizens, nonetheless they were considered foreign individuals, subject to special restrictions. The actual strangers made a different case, especially the Persians. The situation of foreign individuals was quite different. Chauvinistic attitudes are widely attested, and they worsened in critical periods, for example after Adrianople. This may explain the laws of early 397 and June 399, promulgated during Stilicho’s regency, which prohibited the wearing of trousers (bracae) and some fashionable boots called tzangae. Of course, some protégés of the imperial court had the right to enter Italy, as it was the case of the Sassanian prince Hormisdas, who accompanied Constantius II in his visit of Rome in 357.
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Lucht, Hans. "The Long Homecoming." Migration and Society 2, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 55–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/arms.2019.020106.
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This article discusses the challenge of returning home after years abroad from the perspective of Ghanaian labor migrants in northern Italy. It seeks to explore how Ghanaian migrants aft er years of hard work still find themselves fundamentally estranged from Italy and constantly must navigate day-to-day experiences of bigotry and discrimination in the workplace. Yet the migrants realize that returning home to Ghana is not as straightforward as they might have imagined when they set out, and how to protect advances upon returning to a home country that has changed rapidly during their years in Italy is a recurring subject of concern. Based on ethnographic vignettes, the article will explore West African migrants’ everyday struggles in Italy’s segregated and crisis-hit labor market.
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Llevot, Núria, and Olga Bernad. "Cultural mediation and educational practices in Italy." Ehquidad Revista Internacional de Políticas de Bienestar y Trabajo Social, no. 16 (July 5, 2021): 209–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15257/ehquidad.2021.0020.
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This article focuses on cultural mediation by discovering its potential and relevance in Italy, during a project on intercultural education, that has been undertaken in Rome by us. And four intercultural singular initiatives are described. Specifically, this article is the result of the empirical work following a qualitative methodology. In the first phase (September - December 2019), 6 in-depth interviews were conducted with expert university professors on the subject, as well as visits to various formal and non-formal training centers. Based on the results, in the second phase (February 2020), 4 initiatives were selected, and 8 in-depth interviews were conducted with their managers and teachers. They are described in this article as an example of good educational practices in interculturality, characterized by their proposal for inclusive activities for immigrant groups, their networking with the community, and in which intercultural mediation plays a key role directly or indirectly.
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Secler, Bartłomiej. "Separatist and autonomous tendencies in modern Italy." Review of Nationalities 8, no. 1 (December 1, 2018): 103–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pn-2018-0006.
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Abstract The article focuses on the autonomous and separatist pursuits that occur in present day Italy. The work was inspired by the consultative referendums of 2017 in the regions of Veneto and Lombardia. Their aim was to give the residents a chance to express their views regarding the possible expansion of the autonomy of these two administrative units. As a result of the plebiscites, a significant majority voted for the expansion of the autonomy, which might trigger the pursuit of more permissions for the regions. One has to remember that in accordance with the constitution, Italy is a unanimous and non-divisible state. However, this does not mean that presently (as well as in the future) there are no separatist and autonomous tendencies. The tendencies have historical, economical, cultural, social or political reasons. The aim of the article is to analyze these tendencies on the basis subject literature and sources.
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Messina, Patrizia. "Opposition in Italy in the 1990s: Local Political Cultures and the Northern League." Government and Opposition 33, no. 4 (October 1998): 462–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.1998.tb00462.x.
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SINCE 1989 THE NATURE OF OPPOSITION IN SEVERAL WESTERN democracies has been subject to change, and Italy is no exception. But the Italian case is distinct because the changes which occurred in Italy after 1989 amount to a revolution compared to the traditional political equilibrium. The Italian political scene was dominated, from the post-war years (1948) to the 199Os, by two political parties: the DC (Christian Democracy) and the PCI (Italian Communist Party), which respectively occupied the positions of ruling party and opposition party for over forty years.
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Barlas, Dilek. "FRIENDS OR FOES? DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS BETWEEN ITALY AND TURKEY, 1923–36." International Journal of Middle East Studies 36, no. 2 (May 2004): 231–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743804362045.
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Turkey's foreign policy and relations in the early Republican era, before and during World War II, has been subject to systematic and scholarly research, leading to numerous publications since the 1970s. Although no less significant than Britain, Germany, or the Soviet Union in shaping Turkish inter-war foreign policy and priorities, Italy does not seem to have received a similar degree of attention in this growing literature. Italy is usually treated in the works on Turkish foreign relations only as a threat that Turkey's foreign and strategic policy aimed to counter after 1934.
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Percival, W. Keith. "Nebrija’s syntatic theory in its historical setting." Historiographia Linguistica 24, no. 1-2 (January 1, 1997): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.24.1-2.02per.
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Summary Antonio de Nebrija (1444?–1522) inherited his syntactic theory from a grammatical tradition which had developed in Italy in the High Middle Ages more or less independently of the speculative tradition of northern Europe. The distinctive features of this system are the following: (1) The main verb in a sentence governs not only the oblique cases of the complements but also the nominative case of the subject. (2) Verbs are subclassified depending on the morphological cases of their nominal complements. Nebrija must have assimilated this system as a student in Italy in the 1460s.
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Valente, Piergiorgio. "Italy – Tax Audits to Identify Fictitious Corporate Residence." Intertax 38, Issue 12 (December 1, 2010): 692–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/taxi2010073.
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The need for a tax audit in the area of fictitious residence derives from circumstantial evidence – acquired during the intelligence phase – or from other clues that may have emerged during inspection. Further to the cognizance gathered within an enterprise’s operative context, investigations aim at the research of accounting, supplementary, and electronic documentation. Such investigations may turn out to be particularly complex as they are generally required to consider the distinctive characteristics of international relations, the specificity of the subject matter, as well as the various jurisdictions (and legislatures) involved. Inspectors are bound to have their operations comply to a rather structured power-duties system, within which the respect of the taxpayer’s rights acquires particular relevance.
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Martorano, Annantonia, and Elena Gonnelli. "Agrifood data processing in Italy: a conceptual model." JLIS.it 13, no. 3 (September 15, 2022): 162–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/jlis.it-491.
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Through the study and analysis of a precise economic sector, that of agribusiness, this contribution attempts to elaborate a replicable conceptual model that, in compliance with scientific methodologies, can contribute to the development of current archives, which will later be historical, capable of managing traceable and secure digital flows. In that absolute semantic individuality that characterizes each documentary complex, subject to "rules" of treatment only by productive affinities and common provenance characteristics, the application of standards has been a matter of discussion for the scientific literature. The example from which we wish to move concerns a specific category of Software Packages (LIMS) that are currently used in Italy by analytical laboratories and that implement integrated management of multiple data and processes.
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Vignali, E., F. Cetani, S. Chiavistelli, A. Meola, F. Saponaro, R. Centoni, L. Cianferotti, and C. Marcocci. "Normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism: a survey in a small village of Southern Italy." Endocrine Connections 4, no. 3 (September 2015): 172–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/ec-15-0030.
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We investigated the prevalence of normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism (NPHPT) in the adult population living in a village in Southern Italy. All residents in 2010 (n=2045) were invited by calls and 1046 individuals accepted to participate. Medical history, calcium intake, calcium, albumin, creatinine, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and 25OHD were evaluated. NPHPT was defined by normal albumin-adjusted serum calcium, elevated plasma PTH, and exclusion of common causes of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) (serum 25OHD <30 ng/ml, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 and thiazide diuretics use), overt gastrointestinal and metabolic bone diseases. Complete data were available for 685 of 1046 subjects. Twenty subjects did not meet the inclusion criteria and 341 could not be evaluated because of thawing of plasma samples. Classical PHPT was diagnosed in four women (0.58%). For diagnosing NPHPT the upper normal limit of PTH was established in the sample of the population (n=100) who had 25OHD ≥30 ng/ml and eGFR ≥60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 and was set at the mean+3s.d. Three males (0.44%) met the diagnostic criteria of NPHPT. These subjects were younger and with lower BMI than those with classical PHPT. Our data suggest, in line with previous studies, that NPHPT might be a distinct clinical entity, being either an early phenotype of asymptomatic PHPT or a distinct variant of it. However, we cannot exclude that NPHPT might also represent an early phase of non-classical SHPT, since other variables, in addition to those currently taken into account for the diagnosis of NPHPT, might cumulate in a normocalcemic subject to increase PTH secretion.
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Levy, Michele Frucht. "“The Last Bullet for the Last Serb”:1 The Ustaša Genocide against Serbs: 1941–19452." Nationalities Papers 37, no. 6 (November 2009): 807–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905990903239174.
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While participating in Hitler's Holocaust against Jews and Roma, wartime Croatia's collaborationist government, the Ustaša (Insurgent), conducted its own genocide against the Serbs within its territories. As the title of Marco Rivelli's 1978 text, Le Génocide occulté, makes clear, this phenomenon remained largely unknown in the West until the 1990s. Of the principal external actors, post-war German attention focused on the Holocaust. Italy still resists fully confronting its less than pristine role in the Balkans, so that Rivelli's work, completed in 1978, was not published in Italy until 1999. The Vatican, meanwhile, has yet to release its documents on the subject.
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Comoli, Maurizio, Lorenzo Gelmini, Valentina Minutiello, and Patrizia Tettamanzi. "University Social Responsibility: The Case of Italy." Administrative Sciences 11, no. 4 (October 29, 2021): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/admsci11040124.
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Increasing attention is now being paid to the concept of sustainability as a crucial element of our life at all levels. The awareness that attention must be paid not only to the present, but also and above all to the future of the society in which we live has increased attention to social and environmental issues, such as climate change and the digital revolution. This transformation has also impacted the public sector: in particular, the scientific attention in the university sector has led to the birth of the concept of University Social Responsibility (USR), which suggests that universities sustainably re-transform their work. However, this issue has so far only been the subject of a few studies. The purpose of this article is to promote greater awareness on the part of universities of the importance of addressing sustainability issues. The results of the analysis, obtained thanks to the use of a questionnaire and interviews, depict the state of the art in the adoption of social reporting practices by Italian universities and identify the main reasons and barriers to the adoption of these practices.
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Zadnikar, Gita. "Radio Libere: An Experiment with Radio Broadcasting in Italy." Monitor ISH 17, no. 2 (November 3, 2015): 7–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33700/1580-7118.17.2.7-24(2015).
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The 1970s expansion of free radio stations throughout Europe and the experiences of that movement over the following years encouraged diverse reflections on, and experiments with, the ways of using media and new technologies. Of course the experience of Radio Alice and other free radio stations in the Italy of the late 1970s only became possible when the radio as a communication tool became affordable and technically accessible to a new social subject – the student movement and social movements predominantly consisting of young people. What left the deepest mark on the period, however, was a fundamental change in the attitude of social and political movements to the media.
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Pandey, Mithilesh, and Yupal Sanatkumar Shukla. "Dilemma of “Make in India” for Dalmec industrial manipulator S.P.A, Italy." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 7, no. 2 (June 5, 2017): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-07-2016-0160.
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Subject area The subject areas are strategic management, international marketing business-to-business marketing. Study level/applicability The study is applicable to undergraduate and postgraduate courses. Case overview Dalmec Industries Manipulators India Pvt. Ltd. was incorporated in 2011 as a private limited company under the Companies Act, 1956. The company was formed to carry on importing machinery and distributing it to the clients. This case focuses on the dilemma faced by the company: whether it should establish a manufacturing unit in India or continue with the current operation procedures. Dalmec has faced various problems in India regarding local players, low-cost material handling equipment and the nascent stage of material handling industry. In Europe and the Middle East, the industries are more focused on safety standards and provide high quality material handling products to their workers, compared to the Indian industries. As local players in material handling sectors price their product very low, to compete with them with quality products is a major challenge for foreign companies. The company needed to build a strong and unique brand for non-European markets. In India, the material handling equipment market is crowded with local players. So, Dalmec needs to establish its reputation as a reliable partner and create a distinct identity. It has to create brand awareness among Indian companies and influence the decision makers of the corporates. The case discusses the impact of Make in India campaign on Dalmec and examines whether the Make in India initiative will prove helpful to Dalmec. Expected learning outcomes This study enables to familiarize students with the expansion strategy of a company; help students understand the international market entry strategies frequently used by multinationals to expand their business.; examine the feasibility of entering into emerging markets like India; and make students understand the relevance of the Make in India campaign for foreign corporate players. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes. Subject code CSS 11: Strategy.
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Lopriore, Lucilla. "Reframing teaching knowledge in Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL): A European perspective." Language Teaching Research 24, no. 1 (June 25, 2018): 94–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362168818777518.
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CLIL (Content and Language Integrated Learning) is a recent teaching approach widely adopted in numerous international contexts, especially in Europe where it was promoted as a way to promote language learning within the educational system. When implemented, CLIL predominantly involves subject content teachers using English to teach their subject. This has required the development of specific teacher education programs in Italy. This contribution illustrates how the teaching knowledge of both content and English language teachers is evolving as CLIL is implemented within Italian teacher education courses.
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Kovač, Marjeta, Miloš Tul, and Bojan Leskošek. "The Professional Competencies of Physical Education Teachers from North-Eastern Italy." Center for Educational Policy Studies Journal 9, no. 1 (March 25, 2019): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.26529/cepsj.662.
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This cross-sectional study was designed to evaluate the self-perceived professional competences of Italian physical education (PE) teachers. For this purpose, a self-administered questionnaire has been designed toexamine a broad scope of general and subject-specific competences. The participants, 484 Italian PE teachers from the north-eastern part of Italy, evaluated their professional competences on a four-level Likert scale. Factor analysis is used for the examination of the internal structure of the competence field. The results show that the self-perception of their competence profile was quite complex, consisting of 13 factors, which togetherexplain 51.1% of the total variance. Didactic approaches, which represent the first factor and explain 31.3% of the total variance, seem to be the most informative for their estimations of how effectively they can teach theirspecific subject. The teachers feel insufficiently competent in some general areas, such as the use of information and communications technology, communication in foreign language, scientific research work, initiative, and entrepreneurial spirit. They do not have sufficient abilities to bring to PE the recent sports activities in which teenagers currently participate in their free time. The outcomes of the present study may aid in the future updating of PE teacher education study programmes and the designing of a creative system of lifelong training programmes.
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Chiesi, Fabrizio, Maddalena Grazzini, Maddalena Innocenti, Barbara Giammarco, Enrico Simoncini, Giuseppe Garamella, Patrizio Zanobini, et al. "Older People Living in Nursing Homes: An Oral Health Screening Survey in Florence, Italy." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 18 (September 19, 2019): 3492. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16183492.
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The oral health state plays an important role in the concept of ‘elderly frailty’, since institutionalized older people are prone to suffering from bad oral conditions. The aim of this study is to assess the state of oral health in the older residents of nursing homes and to measure its potential association with the cognitive state, the degree of functional autonomy, and the malnutrition risk. Methods: We enrolled 176 subjects from 292 residents in five nursing homes in Florence. For each subject, we performed the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool, the Pfeiffer test, the Minimum Data Set—Long Form, a dental examination, and the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index questionnaire. The results show that the oral condition was poor in 43.8% of cases, medium in 38.1%, and good in 18.2%. A worse oral health state was significantly associated (p < 0.05) with a worse cognitive state and with a higher dependency in daily living activities. The malnutrition score among the older people was unrelated to the oral health condition (p = 0.128). It can be concluded that the oral health condition in older institutionalized subjects is an open challenge for the public healthcare system, since the maintenance of adequate good oral health is an essential element of good physical as well as cognitive and psychological health.
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Kirkland, B. L., F. L. Lynch, R. L. Folk, A. M. Lawrence, and M. E. Corley. "Nannobacteria, Organic Matter, and Precipitation in Hot Springs, Viterbo, Italy: Distinctions and Relevance." Microscopy Today 16, no. 6 (November 2008): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s155192950006243x.
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Tiny (50-200 nm) spheroids were first discovered by Folk through SEM work on the hot springs of Viterbo Italy. He termed these small, spherical structures “nannobacteria,” and proposed that they may be important agents in precipitation of CaCO3, as needle-like crystals of the mineral aragonite, and as bundles of such needle-like crystals (termed “fuzzy dumbbells”), or as elongated crystals of the mineral calcite.During the past 15 years, nanometer-scale spheroids have been discovered in the geological, medical, and astronomical worlds. There can be no doubt as to their existence, but their significance and origin remain a subject of continuing controversy. Even the spelling (“nanno-“), which has been the standard in biology, geology, and paleontology going back to the 19th century, has been questioned. Whether or not they are truly bacteria or any form of life has been a subject of heated debate.
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ERMACORA, MATTEO. "Assistance and Surveillance: War Refugees in Italy, 1914–1918." Contemporary European History 16, no. 4 (November 2007): 445–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777307004110.
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AbstractThis article deals with the forms of assistance given to refugees in Italy during the First World War. The entire subject has been neglected because of the dominant myth of a victorious nation. The Italian situation was peculiar because of the high level of migration and the multi-ethnic origin of people in the border areas. By pinpointing the pattern of relocation in Italy during the war this article seeks to explain the policies pursued by the state and by aid agencies, the rationale behind that aid and the continuities and discontinuities in the assistance given to the refugees. Significant political, juridical and social issues evolved around the image of the refugee, including the protection that the state owed to its citizens.
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Braude, Richard. "State Repression, Hostel Capitalism, and Black Resistance in Italy." South Atlantic Quarterly 118, no. 3 (July 1, 2019): 678–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00382876-7616248.
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Resistance by the newly arrived black working class in Italy takes on forms that often leave little or no trace; the work of the historian must be to listen carefully to the silences in order to recover these acts. This contribution focuses on the resistance with asylum seeker hostels. Beginning with an examination of the resistance and repression of Bobb Alagie, it explains the reasons for the increase in these acts of resistance following the implementation of the hotspot approach, as well as the important role that the resisting subject produced by this situation has had within the formation of the new Italian right. Finally, questions are raised about the potential for future progressive alliances in the new political context.
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Musarella, Carmelo Maria, Antonio Jesús Mendoza-Fernández, Juan Francisco Mota, Alessandro Alessandrini, Gianluigi Bacchetta, Salvatore Brullo, Orazio Caldarella, et al. "Checklist of gypsophilous vascular flora in Italy." PhytoKeys 103 (July 18, 2018): 61–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.103.25690.
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Our understanding of the richness and uniqueness of the flora growing on gypsum substrates in Italy has grown significantly since the 19th century and, even today, new plant species are still being discovered. However, the plants and plant communities, growing on gypsum substrates in Italy, are still a relatively unknown subject. The main aim of this paper was to elaborate a checklist of the Italian gypsophilous flora, to increase knowledge about this peculiar flora and for which conservation efforts need to be addressed. Through a structured group communication process of experts (application of the Delphi technique), a remarkable number of experienced Italian botanists have joined together to select focal plant species linked to gypsum substrates. From the results obtained, 31 plant species behave as absolute or preferent taxa (gypsophytes and gypsoclines) and form the ‘core’ Italian gypsophilous flora. The most abundant life forms were chamaephytes and hemicryptophytes, belonging to Poaceae and Brassicaceae; as for chorotypes, the most represented are Mediterranean and narrow endemics. By improving on previously available information about the flora with a clear preference for gypsum in Italy, this undertaking represents an important contribution to the knowledge of a habitat which is today considered a priority for conservation.
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Tripodi, Vincenzo, Anna Gervasi, Mario La Rocca, Federica Lucà, and Francesco Muto. "Seismotectonics of Southern Calabria Terrane (South Italy)." Journal of Mountain Science 19, no. 11 (November 2022): 3148–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11629-022-7354-1.
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AbstractSeismic data of earthquakes recorded during the last 40 years in southern Calabria have been compared with geological data in order to obtain a seismotectonic picture of the area. We sought for any possible correlation between the main regional tectonic structures, the distribution of earthquake hypocentres and the focal mechanism of earthquakes with magnitude (Ml)≥3. Studies of historical and recent seismicity and analysis of geological structures allowed to define the main shear strips on a regional scale. More than 2600 earthquakes with 1.5 ≤ Ml ≤ 4.5 have been considered. The focal mechanisms of earthquakes with Ml≥3 have been compared with the kinematics of known faults and used to give insight on the current active stress field. From the analysis carried out it was possible to expand the cognitive framework regarding the activity of the main tectonic structures present in the area. This study also served to identify areas of high seismicity which do not correspond to any evidence of tectonic structures on the surface, and areas where recognized tectonic structures have not shown any seismicity during the last decades. These cases could be the subject of future investigation in order to correctly assess the seismic hazard in Calabria. This task is important in the context of seismic hazard evaluation and mitigation.
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Amatori, Franco. "Entrepreneurial Typologies in the History of Industrial Italy: Reconsiderations." Business History Review 85, no. 1 (2011): 151–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007680511000067.
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The market types that were the subject of an earlier essay in the Review are resurveyed in order to examine the changes that have occurred over the past fifty years. The entrepreneurial typologies identified then–one based on a market orientation, another that relies on state support, and a third, hybrid, approach–are still valid today. The liveliest components of the modern Italian economy, which operate as a fourth type of capitalism (mainly based on industrial districts), share features of the market typology, while, in southern Italy, the state's failure to support business is linked to the rise of organized crime. The more recent hybrid type features a new kind of actor, exemplified by Silvio Berlusconi, the central figure on the Italian political scene for almost two decades.
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Pasquini, Jacopo, Carlo Maremmani, Stefano Salvadori, Vincenzo Silani, and Nicola Ticozzi. "Testing olfactory dysfunction in acute and recovered COVID-19 patients: a single center study in Italy." Neurological Sciences 42, no. 6 (March 26, 2021): 2183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10072-021-05200-7.
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Abstract Background Olfactory dysfunction in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is common during acute illness and appears to last longer than other symptoms. The aim of this study was to objectively investigate olfactory dysfunction in two cohorts of patients at two different stages: during acute illness and after a median recovery of 4 months. Methods Twenty-five acutely ill patients and 26 recovered subjects were investigated. Acute patients had a molecular diagnosis of COVID-19; recovered subjects had a positive antibody assay and a negative molecular test. A 33-item psychophysical olfactory identification test tailored for the Italian population was performed. Results Median time from symptoms onset to olfactory test was 33 days in acute patients and 122 days in recovered subjects. The former scored a significantly higher number of errors at psychophysical testing (median [IQR]: 8 [13] vs 3 [2], p < 0.001) and were more frequently hyposmic (64% vs 19%, p = 0.002). Recovered subjects reported a variable time to subjective olfactory recovery, from days up to 4 months. Participants included in the study reported no significant nasal symptoms at olfactory testing. Among recovered subject who reported olfactory loss during acute COVID-19, four (27%) were still hyposmic. Demographic and clinical characteristics did not show significant associations with olfactory dysfunction. Conclusion Moderate-to-severe hospitalized patients showed a high level and frequency of olfactory dysfunction compared to recovered subjects. In the latter group, subjects who reported persisting olfactory dysfunction showed abnormal scores on psychophysical testing, indicating that, at least in some subjects, persistent hyposmia may represent a long-term sequela of COVID-19.
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Wilson, Peter. "Reasons to Travel to Italy (part one), under the Telefonino." Constelaciones. Revista de Arquitectura de la Universidad CEU San Pablo, no. 1 (May 2013): 23–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31921/constelaciones.n1a1.
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Hacker’s Telefonino is a speculative dialogue between the three figures in the 1782 painting of an erupting Etna by the Italian based, German Neoclassical landscape painter Jacob Philip Hackert. The other two are English, Charles Gore and Richard Payne Knight, grand-tourists who subsequently play significant roles in trans-European networks and the English landscape movement, the emergence of subjective perception: the Picturesque. The text oscillates between the art historical exactitude of its biographi-cal notes, and the fictionality of the pictures subject, and a further fictio-nality manifested by the trans-historical mobile telephone, enigmatically hovering like a techno-Holbein in the pictures foreground.
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Mauro, Maria Rosaria. "DETENTION AND EXPULSION OF MIGRANTS: THE KHLAIFIA V. ITALY CASE." Italian Yearbook of International Law Online 25, no. 1 (October 18, 2016): 85–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116133-90000108a.
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On 1 September 2015 the European Court of Human Rights adopted the judgment in Khlaifia and Others v. Italy, concerning the detention and the ensuing repatriation to Tunisia of three irregular immigrants who had arrived in Italy in 2011 during the “Arab Spring”. The Court found that the applicants had been unlawfully detained in Italy and that they were not provided information or the possibility to challenge their detention. Moreover, the conditions of detention amounted to inhuman and degrading treatment. Finally, according to the Court, the applicants had been subject to collective expulsion, as despite their individual identification by Italian authorities, the personal circumstances of each of them had not been evaluated prior to their removal to Tunisia. This note considers the Italian immigration policy in the light of the European Convention of Human Rights and of the examined decision, mainly in relation to the controversial aspects of the detention and expulsion of migrants.
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Dolci, Maria, Lucia Signorini, Carolina Cason, Giuseppina Campisciano, Paolo Kunderfranco, Elena Pariani, Cristina Galli, et al. "Circulation of SARS-CoV-2 Variants among Children from November 2020 to January 2022 in Trieste (Italy)." Microorganisms 10, no. 3 (March 14, 2022): 612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10030612.
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Introduction: The ongoing coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) outbreak involves the pediatric population, but to date, few reports have investigated the circulation of variants among children. Material and Methods: In this retrospective study, non-hospitalized pediatric patients with SARS-CoV-2-positive nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS) were enrolled at the Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste (Italy), from November 2020 to January 2022. SARS-CoV-2 variants were identified by in vitro viral isolation, amplification, automatic sequencing of the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike coding gene, and subsequent next-generation sequencing. The growth curves of the isolated strains were defined in vitro by infecting Vero-E6 cells and quantifying the viral load in the supernatants up to 72 h post-infection by qRT–PCR. The neutralization activity of sera obtained from a COVID-19 vaccinated subject, recovered (2020) patient, vaccinated and recovered (2021) patient, and seronegative subject was assessed by microneutralization assay against the different variants. Results: In total, 32 SARS-CoV-2-positive children, 16 (50%) females, with a median age of 1.4 years (range: 1 day–13 years), were enrolled. The D614G amino acid substitution was detected in all isolated and amplified viral strains. Of the 32 isolates, 4 (12.5%) carried a nonsynonymous nucleotide mutation leading to the N439K (3/4), lineage B.1.258 (∆H69/∆V70), and S477N (1/4) substitution. In 7/32 (21.8%) isolates, amino acid substitutions allowed the identification of a delta variant, lineage B.1.617.2-AY.43, and in 1/32 (3.1%), the Omicron strain (B.1.1.529.BA1) was identified. The growth curves of the B.1, B.1.258 (∆H69/∆V70), B.1.617.2-AY.43, and B.1.1.529.BA1 variants did not show any significant differences. A reduction in the serum neutralizing activity against B.1.258 (∆H69/∆V70) only in a vaccinated subject (1.7-fold difference), against B.1.617.2-AY.43 in a vaccinated subject and in recovered patients (12.7 and ≥2.5-fold differences, respectively), and against B.1.1.529.BA1 variant (57.6- and 1.4-fold differences in vaccinated and in vaccinated and recovered patients) were observed compared to the B.1 variant. Conclusions: SARS-CoV-2 variants carrying the B.1.258 (∆H69/∆V70) and S477N substitutions were reported here in a pediatric population for the first time. Although the growth rates of the isolated strains (B.1.258, B.1.617.2-AY.43, B.1.1.529.BA1) did not differ from the B.1 variant, neutralizing activity of the sera from vaccinated subjects significantly decreased against these variants. Attention should be devoted to the pediatric population to prevent the spread of new SARS-CoV-2 variants in an unvaccinated and predominantly naive population.
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Roşca, Adriana. "Vasile Alecsandri şi romantismul Italian." Hiperboreea A2, no. 2 (January 1, 2013): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/hiperboreea.2.2.0029.
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Abstract Vasile Alecsandri is offering a new image of Romanian Romanticism. The young poet of our literature introduce exotic theme, a subject common in the era times. Our poet often divides his life between Romanian Principality and Italy state that represents for him his true origin. Alecsandri borrows from the country you often find in his work, true romantic character. Journeys undertaken so as Alecsandri poet and diplomat of the same name provides the unique nature of his work, it was largely inspired by personal experience or from legends and stories that he had heard. Italy was the biggest weakness of the poet Alecsandri here finds Renaissance culture and know eternal love, Elena Negri.
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Nadoveza, Branko. "The secret of the London contract from 1915." Bastina, no. 56 (2022): 171–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/bastina32-33457.
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The Treaty of London of April 1915 was primarily provided for an expansion of Italy and its access to the Entente and a break with the Central Powers. The Treaty of London did not mention the creation of a "Greater Serbia", but what Italy will gain and what will remain for Serbia and Yugoslavian peoples within Austria-Hungary. Bulgaria and its compensations in Macedonia are especially included in that agreement, to the detriment of Serbia. The Treaty of London was secret and was therefore rejected in Versailles. Its ideas were only partially realized. It was an important military, political and moral issue. The ideas of the Treaty of London were a subject of speculation.
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Cipollone, Piero, and Alfonso Rosolia. "Social Interactions in High School: Lessons from an Earthquake." American Economic Review 97, no. 3 (May 1, 2007): 948–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.97.3.948.
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After an earthquake hit Southern Italy in 1980, young men from certain towns were exempted from compulsory military service. We show that the exemption raised high-school-graduation rates of boys by more than 2 percentage points. We do this by comparing high-school-graduation rates of young exempt men and older nonexempt men from the least damaged areas and men of the same age groups from nearby towns that were not hit by the quake. Similar comparisons show that graduation rates of young women in the affected areas also increased. Since in Italy women are not subject to the draft, the findings suggest the presence of spillover effects. (JEL I21, J13)
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Patriarca, Silvana. "Statistical Nation Building and the Consolidation of Regions in Italy." Social Science History 18, no. 3 (1994): 359–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200017065.
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In recent years, due in part to the increasing diffusion of constructivist conceptions of the social and historical world, statistics has attracted the attention of historians more as an object than as a means of investigation and analysis. While quantification and statistical methods have lost the popularity they gained among social historians in the 1960s and 1970s, new and important histories of statistics and of the theory of probability have appeared that shed new light on the subject (Porter 1986; Stigler 1986; Kriiger et al. 1987; Hacking 1990). These works have traced—at times in highly original and sophisticated ways—genealogy and developments of the statistical methods and probabilistic conceptions that are at the basis of today’s quantitative practices.
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Apollonio, Ciro, Maria Francesca Bruno, Gabriele Iemmolo, Matteo Gianluca Molfetta, and Roberta Pellicani. "Flood Risk Evaluation in Ungauged Coastal Areas: The Case Study of Ippocampo (Southern Italy)." Water 12, no. 5 (May 21, 2020): 1466. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12051466.
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The growing concentration of population and the related increase in human activities in coastal areas require numerical simulations to analyze the effects of flooding events that might occur in susceptible coastal areas in order to determine effective coastal management practices and safety measures to safeguard the inhabited coastal areas. The reliability of the analysis is dependent on the correct evaluation of key inputs such as return period of flooding events, vulnerability of exposed assets, and other risk factors (e.g., spatial distribution of elements at risk, their economic value, etc.). This paper defines a methodology to assess the effects of flooding events associated with basin run-off and storm surge in coastal areas. The assessment aims at quantifying in economic terms (e.g., loss of assets) the risk of coastal areas subject to flooding events. The methodology proposed in this paper was implemented to determine the areas subject to inundation on a coastal area in Southern Italy prone to hydrogeological instability and coastal inundation. A two-dimensional hydraulic model was adopted to simulate storm surges generated by severe sea storms coupled with intense rainfalls in order to determine the areas subject to inundation in the low-land area along the Adriatic coast object of this study. In conclusion, the economic risk corresponding to four different flooding scenarios was assessed by correlating the exceedance probability of each flooding scenario with the potential economic losses that might be realized in the inundated areas. The results of the assessment can inform decision-makers responsible for the deployment of risk mitigation measures.
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Tsaregradskaya, Iu K. "Features of legal regulation of the state debt of the Russian Federation subject in the context of changes in budget legislation." Courier of Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL)), no. 9 (November 7, 2020): 98–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/2311-5998.2020.73.9.098-104.
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The main changes in the budget legislation related to digitalization and public debt managementof the Russian Federation, that are manifested in the functioning of the electronic budget of the state and the consolidation of the legal definition of "public debt management", are considered. The author concludes that currently the legislator pays special attention to the issues of setting the upper limit of public debt, the maximum amount of borrowing by the subjects of the Russian Federation, as well as determining the debt sustainability of regions. Foreign experience of regulating such issues is analyzed on the example of a number of countries-Germany, Spain and Italy. Subjects of the Russian Federation with different debt loads are considered, as well as trends related to its increase or change. Also the possibilities of assigning the region to one of the groups with a certain level of debt stability of the subject are analyzed.