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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Subject headings'
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Mai, Jens-Erik. "The subject indexing process : an investigation of problems in knowledge representation /." Digital version accessible at:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Waterman, Tracy. "Sex and Gender in the Library of Congress Subject Headings, 1988-2003." Thesis, School of Information and Library Science, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1901/66.
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The problem of linguistic and structural bias in the subject vocabularies used by libraries has been the subject of varying degrees of scrutiny in the cataloging literature of the past several decades. This study examines the Library of Congress subject headings involving sex and gender from 1988, 1993, and 2003. Changes to the headings are tracked and analyzed. Comparisons are made between recommendations made in the literature and changes to the subject vocabulary; the impact of the changes on the appearance of bias on the basis of sex and gender in library catalogs is discussed.
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McDonald, Elizabeth Frances 1957. "Circulation differences between fiction books with subject headings and those without." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278569.
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Subject headings for works of fiction are one way to increase access to these books. Increased access should result in greater use for these books. Using a multi-branch, metropolitan public library, fiction books with subject headings were compared against fiction books without subject headings for overall use and circulations (use adjusted for time available to circulate). These same two categories were then compared to determine the affect of subject headings with respect to: fiction collection size, genre, and publication date for overall use and circulations.
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Liu, Ying-Hsang. "The impact of MeSH (Medical subject headings) terms on information seeking effectiveness." New Brunswick, N.J. : Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 2009. http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10001600001.ETD.000051373.
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Capraro, Fernanda Patricia. "A journal study of the spoken English learning experience of prospective international teaching assistants /." The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486402957194678.
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Baker, William. "Controlled Vocabularies in the Digital Age: Are They Still Relevant?" Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1011802/.
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Keyword searching and controlled vocabularies such as Library of Congress subject headings (LCSH) proved to work well together in automated technologies and the two systems have been considered complimentary. When the Internet burst onto the information landscape, users embraced the simplicity of keyword searching of this resource while researchers and scholars seemed unable to agree on how best to make use of controlled vocabularies in this huge database. This research looked at a controlled vocabulary, LCSH, in the context of keyword searching of a full text database. The Internet and probably its most used search engine, Google, seemed to have set a standard that users have embraced: a keyword-searchable single search box on an uncluttered web page. Libraries have even introduced federated single search boxes to their web pages, another testimony to the influence of Google. UNT's Thesis and Dissertation digital database was used to compile quantitative data with the results input into an EXCEL spreadsheet. Both Library of Congress subject headings (LCSH) and author-assigned keywords were analyzed within selected dissertations and both systems were compared. When the LCSH terms from the dissertations were quantified, the results showed that from a total of 788 words contained in the 207 LCSH terms assigned to 70 dissertations, 246 of 31% did not appear in the title or abstract while only 8, or about 1% from the total of 788, did not appear in the full text. When the author-assigned keywords were quantified, the results showed that from a total of 552 words from304 author-assigned keywords in 86 dissertations, 50 or 9% did not appear in the title or abstract while only one word from the total of 552 or .18% did not appear in the full text. Qualitatively, the LCSH terms showed a hierarchical construction that was clearly designed for a print card catalog, seemingly unnecessary in a random access digital environment. While author-assigned keywords were important words and phrases, these words and phrases often appeared in the title, metadata, and full text of the dissertation, making them seemingly unnecessary in a keyword search environment as they added no additional access points. Authors cited in this research have tended to agree that controlled vocabularies such as LCSH are complicated to develop and implement and expensive to maintain. Most researchers have also tended to agree that LCSH needs to be simplified for large, full text databases such as the Internet. Some of the researchers have also called for some form of automation that seamlessly links LCSH to subject terms in a keyword search. This research tends to confirm that LCSH could benefit from simplification as well as automation and offers some suggestions for improvements in both areas.
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Carman, Nicholas. "LibraryThing tags and Library of Congress Subject Headings a comparison of science fiction and fantasy works : submitted to the School of Information Management, Victoria University of Wellington in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Library and Information Studies /." ResearchArchive@Victoria e-Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/1272.
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Yellapragada, Deepthi V. L. "A SNOMED annotator for UIMA framework." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2007. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5402.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2007.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains v, 47 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 47).
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Sorby, Janet, and n/a. "ASCIS subject headings and student terminology : the relationship between the subject headings used in manual school library catalogues in New South Wales and the subject access terms generated by NSW Higher School Certificate syllabus documents, textbooks and examination questions." University of Canberra. Communication, 1989. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050516.152713.
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The present study was undertaken to investigate the concerns of secondary school teacher-librarians, that the subject headings set down by the Australian Schools Catalogue Information Service (ASCIS) do not cover topics in senior sourses of study. NSW HSC Economics was chosen to test this perception.
Terms were extracted from three textual sources (syllabus, textbook and examination papers) and checked against the subject headings in the ASCIS Subject Headings List. A comparison was made between terms which matched exactly, those which were only partially matched and those which had no match. The linguistic complexity of the term (single-word or multi-word) and the number of textual sources using the term were also taken into account.
The results showed a varying degree of match between textual terms and subject headings. Single-word terms found in more than one textual source were much more likely to be found in the subject headings than those from only one textual source. Multi-word terms were found less frequently than single-word terms, but were also more likely to be found when they came from more than one textual source. There was a large number of partial matches in this group, and these were found to be more general in concept than the textual terms.
Most of the terms were found, but the general nature of the partial matches and the lack of adequate cross references may cause problems in subject analysis and retrieval.
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Cheung, Kai-man Felix, and 張繼文. "Efficient algorithms for semantic net construction and maintenance." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31227259.
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Chung, EunKyung. "A Framework of Automatic Subject Term Assignment: An Indexing Conception-Based Approach." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2006. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5473/.
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The purpose of dissertation is to examine whether the understandings of subject indexing processes conducted by human indexers have a positive impact on the effectiveness of automatic subject term assignment through text categorization (TC). More specifically, human indexers' subject indexing approaches or conceptions in conjunction with semantic sources were explored in the context of a typical scientific journal article data set. Based on the premise that subject indexing approaches or conceptions with semantic sources are important for automatic subject term assignment through TC, this study proposed an indexing conception-based framework. For the purpose of this study, three hypotheses were tested: 1) the effectiveness of semantic sources, 2) the effectiveness of an indexing conception-based framework, and 3) the effectiveness of each of three indexing conception-based approaches (the content-oriented, the document-oriented, and the domain-oriented approaches). The experiments were conducted using a support vector machine implementation in WEKA (Witten, & Frank, 2000). The experiment results pointed out that cited works, source title, and title were as effective as the full text, while keyword was found more effective than the full text. In addition, the findings showed that an indexing conception-based framework was more effective than the full text. Especially, the content-oriented and the document-oriented indexing approaches were found more effective than the full text. Among three indexing conception-based approaches, the content-oriented approach and the document-oriented approach were more effective than the domain-oriented approach. In other words, in the context of a typical scientific journal article data set, the objective contents and authors' intentions were more focused that the possible users' needs. The research findings of this study support that incorporation of human indexers' indexing approaches or conception in conjunction with semantic sources has a positive impact on the effectiveness of automatic subject term assignment.
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Folk, Lillian C. "A study of the Veterinary Medical Database /." Free to MU Campus, others may purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p1421133.
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Larusdottir, Alfheidur. "Indexeringsspråk, indexerare och användare : en jämförelse av Library of Congress Subject Headings, Svenska ämnesord och The Art & Architecture Thesaurus." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of ALM, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-101635.
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Colepícolo, Eliane [UNIFESP]. "Epistemologia da Informática em Saúde: entre a teoria e a prática." Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2008. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/9468.
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Previous issue date: 2008-03-26Epistemologia da Informática em Saúde: entre a teoria e a prática. Eliane Colepí-colo. 2008. CONTEXTO. O objetivo dessa pesquisa é compreender a epistemologia da área de Informática em Saúde (IS) por meio de um estudo comparativo entre aspectos teóricos e práticos desta disciplina. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS. O estudo foi dividido em 3 eta-pas: estudo estatístico, estudo terminológico e estudo epistemológico. O estudo esta-tístico envolveu o desenvolvimento e uso de robô para extração de metadados de arti-gos científicos da base PubMed, assim como a mineração de textos destes resumos de artigos, utilizados para estatísticas e análise posterior. O estudo terminológico visou o desenvolvimento de um tesauro especializado em IS, aqui denominado EpistemIS, que, integrado ao MeSH, serviu como base ao estudo estatístico. O estudo epistemo-lógico começou com o estudo dos metaconceitos da ação e pensamento humanos (MAPHs), que são arte, técnica, ciência, tecnologia e tecnociência. A seguir, realizou-se o desenvolvimento de um método epistemológico, baseado nas obras de Mário Bunge, para classificação epistemológica de conceitos da área provenientes do tesau-ro EpistemIS. Uma pesquisa de opinião com a comunidade científica da área foi reali-zada por meio de questionário na web. RESULTADOS. Obteve-se: uma caracteriza-ção dos MAPHs, mapas de sistematização do conhecimento em IS, classificações epistemológica e em MAPHs da IS, um mapa do conhecimento em IS e o consenso da comunidade sobre a epistemologia da IS. Por fim, foram calculadas estatísticas relati-vas: às classificações epistemológica e em MAPHs em IS, à integração entre o corpus de análise (437.289 artigos PubMed) e o tesauro EpistemIS. CONCLUSÃO. A partir de argumentos teóricos e práticos concluiu-se que a Informática em Saúde é uma tecno-ciência que se ocupa de solucionar problemas relativos aos domínios das Ciências da Vida, Ciências da Saúde e do Cuidado em Saúde, por meio da pesquisa científica in-terdisciplinar e do desenvolvimento de tecnologia para uso na sociedade.
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Volpato, Enilze de Souza Nogueira. "Abrangência nas estratégias de busca em Anestesiologia descritores nas bases de dados MEDLINE e EMBASE /." Botucatu, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151659.
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Orientador: Regina Paolucci El DibResumo: Introduction: A high-quality electronic search is essential in ensuring accuracy and comprehensivness in identifying potentially relevant records in conducting a systematic review. To assist researchers in identifying terms when formulating a sensitive search strategy, librarians and educators instruct researchers to consult and include preferred and non-preferred terms of the controlled database. However, by using all available terms in the thesaurus (i.e. subject headings), strategies can be lengthy and very laborious. Objective: To identify the most efficient method for searching in both Medline through PubMed and EMBASE, covering search terms with different spellings, direct and indirect orders, and association (or lack thereof) with MeSH and EMTREE terms. Method: In our cross-sectional study of search strategies, we selected and analysed 37 search strategies specifically developed for the anesthesiology field. These search strategies were adapted in order to cover all potentially relevant search terms in terms of different spellings and direct and indirect orders, most efficiently. Results: When adapted to include different spellings and direct and indirect orders, adapted versions of the selected search strategies retrieved the same number of search results in the Medline (mean of 61,3%) and higher number in EMBASE (mean of 63,9%) of the analyzed sample. The number of results retrieved by the searches analysed was not identical using the association or not of MeSH and E... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
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Davanzo, Luciana. "Vocabulário controlado para arquivos : análise de viabilidade e propostas /." Marília, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/138956.
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Orientador: Walter MoreiraBanca: Vânia Mara Alves de Lima
Banca: Mariângela Spotti Lopes Fujita
Resumo: A diversidade na produção de informações oriundas de instituições públicas e privadas proporciona desafios diários para a arquivística, os quais se referem a maneira pela qual a área irá possibilitar o acesso, a recuperação e a reutilização das informações. Neste contexto dinâmico, fazer uso de instrumentos que colaborem com o processo de gestão da informação torna-se primordial. Além dos instrumentos tradicionalmente utilizados pela arquivística, tais como a descrição e a classificação arquivística, faz-se necessário a adoção de instrumentos que possam complementá-los, agregando precisão ao conjunto de descritores utilizados nos processos de representação da informação. Nesse sentido, esta pesquisa, estabelece discussões que visam a aproximar os instrumentos tradicionais da arquivística dos vocabulários controlados. Entende-se que esses instrumentos atuam como mediadores entre a representação e a recuperação da informação. Objetivou-se, portanto, analisar a norma de descrição arquivística ISAAR (CPF) que trata da descrição de registro de autoridade arquivística para entidades coletivas, pessoas e famílias, em conjunto com a norma ISO 25964-2011 que trata da elaboração de vocabulários controlados. Dessa forma, propôs-se verificar a interface entre os vocabulários controlados e a norma de descrição ISAAR (CPF), considerando-se que suas confluências podem melhorar o processo de representação e recuperação da informação. Para tanto, utilizaram-se os seguintes procedimentos metod... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The diversity in the production of information from public and private institutions provide daily challenges for archiving, which refer to how the area will provide access, recovery and reuse of information. In this dynamic context, make use of instruments to collaborate with the information management process becomes paramount. In addition to the instruments traditionally used for archiving, such as the description and the archival classification, it is necessary to adopt tools that can complement them, adding precision to the set of descriptors used in the representation of information processes. In this sense, this research establishes discussions aimed at bringing the traditional instruments of archival of controlled vocabularies. It is understood that these instruments act as mediators between the representation and retrieval of information. In this sense, this research establishes discussions aimed at bringing the traditional instruments of archival of controlled vocabularies. It is understood that these instruments act as mediators between the representation and retrieval of information. The objective is therefore to this research, collaborate with the studies on the development of specific vocabularies for files because it was observed that there is still a shortfall in relation to the theme proposed under archival. In addition, it also aimed to analyze the standard of archival description ISAAR (CPF) which deals with the archival authority record description for corp... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Alexopoulou, Dimitra. "Word-sense disambiguation in biomedical ontologies." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-62843.
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With the ever increase in biomedical literature, text-mining has emerged as an important technology to support bio-curation and search. Word sense disambiguation (WSD), the correct identification of terms in text in the light of ambiguity, is an important problem in text-mining. Since the late 1940s many approaches based on supervised (decision trees, naive Bayes, neural networks, support vector machines) and unsupervised machine learning (context-clustering, word-clustering, co-occurrence graphs) have been developed. Knowledge-based methods that make use of the WordNet computational lexicon have also been developed. But only few make use of ontologies, i.e. hierarchical controlled vocabularies, to solve the problem and none exploit inference over ontologies and the use of metadata from publications.
This thesis addresses the WSD problem in biomedical ontologies by suggesting different approaches for word sense disambiguation that use ontologies and metadata. The "Closest Sense" method assumes that the ontology defines multiple senses of the term; it computes the shortest path of co-occurring terms in the document to one of these senses. The "Term Cooc" method defines a log-odds ratio for co-occurring terms including inferred co-occurrences. The "MetaData" approach trains a classifier on metadata; it does not require any ontology, but requires training data, which the other methods do not. These approaches are compared to each other when applied to a manually curated training corpus of 2600 documents for seven ambiguous terms from the Gene Ontology and MeSH. All approaches over all conditions achieve 80% success rate on average. The MetaData approach performs best with 96%, when trained on high-quality data. Its performance deteriorates as quality of the training data decreases. The Term Cooc approach performs better on Gene Ontology (92% success) than on MeSH (73% success) as MeSH is not a strict is-a/part-of, but rather a loose is-related-to hierarchy. The Closest Sense approach achieves on average 80% success rate.
Furthermore, the thesis showcases applications ranging from ontology design to semantic search where WSD is important.
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Nääs, Lina. "Den Andre i hyllan och på webben : Benämnandets makt i sociala taggar och ämnesord knutna till HBTQ-relaterad skönlitteratur." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för ABM, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-177983.
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The motivation for this thesis lies in the knowledge that there is a crucial information need amongst LGBTQ-persons wanting to read fiction related to LGBTQ in order to strengthen their own identity. This particular information need regarding identification has been said to be more central within LGBTQ-communities than within other user groups, largely because they represent a marginalized group in society. Critical feminists, such as Hope A. Olson, have proved that knowledge organization based on systems of subject representation in fact may lead to further marginalization and exclusion of already marginalized groups. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to compare subject representation and social tagging as methods of organizing LGBTQ-fiction. The empirical data is drawn from the collaborative tagging platform LibraryThing and five public library catalogs.Within a feminist framework based on queer theory, the advantages of user-generated metadata in the form of social tagging over professional knowledge organization in the form of subject representation are discussed, and in the end dismissed as an adequate replacement or alternative for the latter. The results of this study show that social tagging presents users with more diverse access points than those created within a controlled vocabulary system. However, while some of the social tags are more specific and in some ways inclusive, most of the tags consist of general terms describing the works of fiction. This is a two years master’s thesis.
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Avraam, Elsa. "Knowledge Organisation and Contemporary Art : Cataloguing Practices in two Libraries in Sweden, Umeå universitetsbibliotek and Konstbiblioteket." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för ABM, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-334088.
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This master thesis examines the cataloguing practices of two art libraries in Sweden in relation to contemporary art. The aim of this study is to show how classification systems and other forms of controlled vocabulary correspond to contemporary art and reveal the factors that influence the everyday practice of cataloguing. The qualitative methods of semi-structured interviews and an analysis of bibliographic records have been used for the purposes of this study. The study is based on domain analysis as conceived by Hjørland and Albrechtsen and some concepts and principles of Knowledge Organisation in the field of Library and Information Science. A total of three interviews of cataloguers has proved that perceptions concerning classification and subject indexing differ among cataloguers and cataloguing practices depend on local policies concerning acquisition, shelving and user perspectives, but also each library’s resources and the institutional context (academic vs museum). Through the analysis of eleven bibliographic records, no consistent pattern has been detected, in relation to indexing and classification. The libraries do not use special systems for subject analysis. The classifications provided by universal systems have been considered insufficient to express all the concepts found in documents. The use of subject headings is, therefore, important and complements the process of subject analysis. The classification systems and subject headings lists analysed include the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC), the Swedish Sveriges Allmänna Biblioteksförenings Klassifikationssystem (SAB) and the Svenska ämnesord (SAO). This is a two-year master’s thesis in Archive, Library and Museum studies.Denna masteruppsats handlar om katalogiseringspraktiker på två konstbibliotek, nämligen Umeå universitetsbibliotek och Konstbiblioteket, i relation till samtida konst. Syftet med denna studie är att visa hur samtida konst återspeglas i klassifikationssystem och andra former av kontrollerad vokabulär och ta reda på vilka faktorer påverkar katalogiseringsarbete. Metoden som har använts i studien består av halvstrukturerade intervjuer med katalogisatörer och en analys av bibliografiska poster. Studien baseras på domänanalys som har utarbetats av Hjørland och Albrechtsen samt vissa begrepp och principer från Kunskapsorganisation inom ramen för Biblioteks- och Informationsvetenskap. Analysen av tre intervjuer visade på att uppfattningar om klassifikation och ämnesordsindexering skiljer sig åt bland katalogisatörer och att katalogiseringspraktiker beror på varje biblioteks riktlinjer med avseende på förvärv, hylluppställning, användarperspektiv, bibliotekets resurser samt institutionell kontext (akademisk vs museal). Elva bibliografiska poster har analyserats och genom analysen har inga mönster i relation till ämnesordsindexering och klassificering identifierats. De undersökta bibliotek använder inte något specialsystem för klassifikation eller ämnesordsindexering. Klassifikationskoder från universella system ansågs otillräckliga för att uttrycka alla begrepp i dokumenten. Ämnesordsindexering är därför viktig och anses vara mer effektiv för ämnesanalys. Klassifikationsssystem och ämnesordlistor som har analyserats är Dewey Decimal Klassifikation (DDK), Sveriges Allmänna Biblioteksförenings Klassifikationssystem (SAB) och Svenska ämnesord (SAO). Detta är en tvåårig masteruppsats i Arkiv-, Bibliotek- och Museumstudier.
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Eisinger, Daniel. "Automated Patent Categorization and Guided Patent Search using IPC as Inspired by MeSH and PubMed." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-148134.
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The patent domain is a very important source of scientific information that is currently not used to its full potential. Searching for relevant patents is a complex task because the number of existing patents is very high and grows quickly, patent text is extremely complicated, and standard vocabulary is not used consistently or doesn’t even exist. As a consequence, pure keyword searches often fail to return satisfying results in the patent domain. Major companies employ patent professionals who are able to search patents effectively, but even they have to invest a lot of time and effort into their search. Academic scientists on the other hand do not have access to such resources and therefore often do not search patents at all, but they risk missing up-to-date information that will not be published in scientific publications until much later, if it is published at all.
Document search on PubMed, the pre-eminent database for biomedical literature, relies on the annotation of its documents with relevant terms from the Medical Subject Headings ontology (MeSH) for improving recall through query expansion. Similarly, professional patent searches expand beyond keywords by including class codes from various patent classification systems. However, classification-based searches can only be performed effectively if the user has very detailed knowledge of the system, which is usually not the case for academic scientists. Consequently, we investigated methods to automatically identify relevant classes that can then be suggested to the user to expand their query. Since every patent is assigned at least one class code, it should be possible for these assignments to be used in a similar way as the MeSH annotations in PubMed.
In order to develop a system for this task, it is necessary to have a good understanding of the properties of both classification systems. In order to gain such knowledge, we perform an in-depth comparative analysis of MeSH and the main patent classification system, the International Patent Classification (IPC). We investigate the hierarchical structures as well as the properties of the terms/classes respectively, and we compare the assignment of IPC codes to patents with the annotation of PubMed documents with MeSH terms. Our analysis shows that the hierarchies are structurally similar, but terms and annotations differ significantly. The most important differences concern the considerably higher complexity of the IPC class definitions compared to MeSH terms and the far lower number of class assignments to the average patent compared to the number of MeSH terms assigned to PubMed documents.
As a result of these differences, problems are caused both for unexperienced patent searchers and professionals. On the one hand, the complex term system makes it very difficult for members of the former group to find any IPC classes that are relevant for their search task. On the other hand, the low number of IPC classes per patent points to incomplete class assignments by the patent office, therefore limiting the recall of the classification-based searches that are frequently performed by the latter group. We approach these problems from two directions: First, by automatically assigning additional patent classes to make up for the missing assignments, and second, by automatically retrieving relevant keywords and classes that are proposed to the user so they can expand their initial search.
For the automated assignment of additional patent classes, we adapt an approach to the patent domain that was successfully used for the assignment of MeSH terms to PubMed abstracts. Each document is assigned a set of IPC classes by a large set of binary Maximum-Entropy classifiers. Our evaluation shows good performance by individual classifiers (precision/recall between 0:84 and 0:90), making the retrieval of additional relevant documents for specific IPC classes feasible. The assignment of additional classes to specific documents is more problematic, since the precision of our classifiers is not high enough to avoid false positives. However, we propose filtering methods that can help solve this problem.
For the guided patent search, we demonstrate various methods to expand a user’s initial query. Our methods use both keywords and class codes that the user enters to retrieve additional relevant keywords and classes that are then suggested to the user. These additional query components are extracted from different sources such as patent text, IPC definitions, external vocabularies and co-occurrence data. The suggested expansions can help unexperienced users refine their queries with relevant IPC classes, and professionals can compose their complete query faster and more easily. We also present GoPatents, a patent retrieval prototype that incorporates some of our proposals and makes faceted browsing of a patent corpus possible.
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Lundin, Karin. "Sex i skolbiblioteket : Kunskap, makt och konstruktionen av sexualitet på svenska skolbibliotek." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för ABM, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-253296.
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The purpose of this essay is to investigate the construction of sexuality in Swedish school libraries through the lens of Foucault’s concept of power/knowledge. Five libraries were investigated, using two kinds of method: discourse analysis of titles, classification codes and subject headings of sex education materials, and qualitative interviews with librarians working at each of the libraries. Most sex education materials were classified within the medicine section, illustrating the continued authority of medical discourse in matters concerning sexuality. Books for younger audiences were often written for either boys or girls, reproducing a binary understanding of gender. Most library collections had a larger number of books written for girls, indicating that girls’ sexualities are subjected to a higher degree of discipline compared to boys’. Collections illustrated two combating discourses about female sexuality, one focusing on problematic aspects of sexuality such as rape and sexual abuse, the other constructing female sexuality as connected to lust and pleasure. Sex and love were constructed as intrinsically linked though the frequent use of the word “love” in titles and the concurrence of the subject heading “love” with “sex” or “sexuality”. Indexation patterns made LGBTQ-people stand out as exceptions to the heterosexual norm. Informants had differing views on what they thought should be part of their libraries’ sex education materials. Some mentioned a range of different subjects; others emphasized the need for “basic” books. When asked what materials they would not purchase informants mentioned pornographic, racist, violent and otherwise “offensive” materials. Most informants did not actively promote the libraries’ collections of sex education materials apart from signposting certain books. Regardless of the level of cooperation between teachers and librarians none of the informants had ever participated in the schools’ sex education classes. This is a two years master’s thesis in Archive, Library and Museum Studies.
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Bee, Guido. "Inhaltserschließung – Neues in der DNB." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-64844.
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Folkesson, Isabel, and Klara März. "Marginaliserad kunskap? : En kritisk studie av representationen av genusvetenskaplig litteratur i klassifikationssystem och ämnesordslistor." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Biblioteks- och informationsvetenskap / Bibliotekshögskolan, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-18367.
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The main focus of this master’s thesis concerns the relation between subject representation, power and gender. Classification systems and subject heading lists are products of their cultural and social context and some subjects and disciplines are given a greater value than others. Our aim in this thesis is twofold; to discuss and critically analyse the prevailing gender norms that are expressed trough classification systems and subject heading lists and to examine how they manage to represent gender studies as a multidisciplinary subject in theory as well as in practice. We are also discussing the particular problems with the representation of multidisciplinary subjects in general. The analysis is grounded in the field of gender studies, where feminist, masculinity and queer theory are included, and the area of critical classification theory. The classification systems and subject heading list that are discussed here are DDC, SAB, SAO, LCSH and KVINNSAM. In the case of DDC and SAB, the analysis concerns the hierarchal structure and principal arrangement of subjects. The focus in the analysis of SAO, LSCH and KVINNSAM is on the assigned subject headings and the lists’ possibilities to adequately represent gender studies. The result of this study shows that both the systems and the subject heading list have considerable problems with integrating and fully representing gender studies as a multidisciplinary subject. It also shows that the available vocabularies for describing gender and feminist literature are very limited. The practise in indexing and classifying multidisciplinary subjects in general are neither sufficient nor consistent.Uppsatsnivå: D
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Hed, Anna. "Kategorier i kontrollerade ämnesordlistor : En kritik ur ett pragmatiskt perspektiv." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för ABM, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-413712.
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Subject description is a linguistic practice, and therefore all controlled vocabularies are built upon theories of language. However, the underlying theories are rarely discussed in greater length. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate what epistemological foundations controlled vocabularies are built upon and what consequences that has for their internal structure. The main object of interest is the category. From a rationalistic point of view categories are universal and well defined. In a pragmatic point of view categories are contextual with fluid boundaries. A pragmatic point of view has been shown by Wittgenstein and Rosch to more accurately describe how language works, therefore the standpoint of this thesis is that a controlled vocabulary that takes a pragmatic approach will be a better tool for indexing and searching. The study is done in three parts. First the theoretical literature on knowledge organisation is investigated. The findings are that there is a divide among writers who take a rationalistic and pragmatic approach. Then, guidelines and principles from IFLA, LCSH, Svenska ämnesord and MeSH are examined. In all cases the rationalist view is favored but the quirks of language are handled in different ways. In IFLA's FRSAD, the writers claim to take no theoretical stance but in reality they take a rationalistic perspective. LCSH blame the inconsistencies in the system on the many people that have worked on it over a long period of time. SAO is built with LCSH as a role model and therefore have the same problems, although they have gone towards a more pragmatic approach. MeSH, however, acknowledges that language is more complicated, and the controlled vocabulary is built on a more pragmatic foundation. Lastly, examples from the controlled vocabularies are discussed. The finding is that, in practice, controlled vocabularies work in accordance with a pragmatic perspective. This is a two years master’s thesis in Library and Information Science.
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Rocha, Lidianne Mércia Barbosa Malta. "Indexação da pesquisa científica: uma proposta para o uso adequado dos termos finalizadores dos resumos." Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2017. http://www.repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/1678.
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This scholarly work of conclusion of course (TACC), consisting of a scientific paper and a product of speech, discusses words representing the content (keywords and descriptors) used in abstracts of academic papers defended in 2013 and 2014, the professional master's in Health Education (MEPS), identifying them as terms finalizers and indexers of research. The method adopted was of documentary nature, exploratory and descriptive, with quantitative perspective, investigating 37 research through semi-structured, electronic questionnaire containing a total of 17 questions, with the first five draw the General profile of all jobs and the following 12 identify each of the terms that are described in their respective summaries. The interrogative instrument was developed by the researcher in the own masters through the platform Google drive, to support the documentary analysis, being validated through an Electronic Validation Panel during the discipline technology applied in teaching and research in health (TAEPS), from the same institution. The variables analyzed were: (a) amount of keywords, (b) finalizer Nomenclature of summary: keywords or descriptors, (c) characterization of keywords: free and structured terms, (d) frequency of keywords, (and) Terminology of input keywords, (f) capture of key words in the titles and (g) score used between the keywords. The amount of keywords used pointed out that the summaries of the TACC did not follow an internal standardization of MEPS, but it was necessary to fit the journals chosen for submission, after the defence of academic papers, following the requirements presuppose the possibility of publication. Various terms used as keywords summaries were not found in the main terminology banks (MeSH, DeCS and Thesaurus), but had strength so the construction of the indexing representative academic work as the terms present in the bases of access, being possible to suggest new terms are included in the recovery of information portals. Finally, the authors of the TACC used encoded descriptors. However, do not have cited in their methodologies, registry numbers, or the portal in which they were obtained, leading to complete lack of practice when accessing the databases available, where the distinction between free or structured terms could contribute better with the correct choice of words post-production of their abstracts. Points out that various terminologies used by them, had great relevance in cohesion and coherence in summaries in which they found, showing strong potential for indexing the portal DeCS, which highlights the need for even more dynamic and constant supply of new terms, enabling more research grants, from the enrichment of databases available, and taking into account the existing records. In order to target students, teachers and researchers, more thorough management of the finalizer of nomenclature summaries, which will represent the content of scholarly works, from graduations and post-graduate degrees and academic professionals, was created, as a product of intervention, an educational blog titled ‘Key words in Scientific Production of MEPS’, which guides you through the proper use of the words representative of abstracts (keywords and descriptors).O presente Trabalho Acadêmico de Conclusão de Curso (TACC), composto por um artigo científico e um produto de intervenção, discute sobre palavras representativas do conteúdo (palavras-chave e descritores) utilizadas nos resumos dos trabalhos acadêmicos defendidos em 2013 e 2014, no Mestrado Profissional em Ensino na Saúde (MPES), identificando-as como termos finalizadores e indexadores das pesquisas. O método adotado foi de cunho documental, exploratório e descritivo, com perspectiva quantitativa, investigando 37 pesquisas, através de questionário eletrônico semiestruturado, contendo um total de 17 perguntas, sendo que as cinco primeiras desenham o perfil geral de todos os trabalhos e as 12 seguintes identificam cada um dos termos descritos nos seus respectivos resumos. O instrumento interrogativo foi desenvolvido pela pesquisadora no próprio mestrado, através da plataforma Google drive, para subsidiar a análise documental, sendo validado por meio de um Painel de Validação Eletrônico durante a disciplina Tecnologia Aplicada no Ensino e Pesquisa na Saúde (TAEPS), da mesma instituição. As variáveis analisadas foram: (a) Quantidade de palavras-chave, (b) Nomenclatura finalizadora de resumo: palavras-chave ou descritores, (c) Caracterização das palavras-chave: termos livres e estruturados, (d) Frequência das palavras-chave, (e) Terminologias de entrada das palavras-chave, (f) Captação de palavras-chave nos títulos e (g) Pontuação usada entre as palavras-chave. A quantidade de palavras-chave usadas apontou que os resumos dos TACC não seguiram uma normatização interna do MPES, mas foi preciso se adequar aos periódicos escolhidos para submissão, após a defesa dos trabalhos acadêmicos, seguindo as exigências pressupostas para a possibilidade de publicação. Vários termos utilizados como palavras-chave dos resumos não foram encontrados nos principais bancos de terminologias (MeSH, DeCS e Thesaurus), mas possuíam força indexadora tão representativa à construção do trabalho acadêmico quanto os termos presentes nas bases de acesso, sendo possível sugerir que novos termos sejam incluídos nos portais de recuperação das informações. Por fim, os autores dos TACC utilizaram descritores codificados. Entretanto, não citaram em suas metodologias, a numeração do registro, nem o portal no qual os mesmos foram obtidos, levando a concluir haver falta de prática ao acessar as bases de dados disponíveis, onde a distinção entre termos livres ou estruturados poderia contribuir melhor com a escolha correta das palavras finalizadoras de seus resumos. Ressalta-se ainda que várias terminologias usadas por eles, possuíam grande relevância na coesão e coerência nos resumos em que se encontravam, apresentando forte potencial de indexação no portal DeCS, o que evidencia a necessidade de alimentação ainda mais dinâmica e constante de novos termos, possibilitando mais subsídios às pesquisas, a partir do enriquecimento das bases de dados disponíveis e, levando em consideração os registros existentes. Com o intuito de direcionar discentes, docentes e pesquisadores, no manejo mais minucioso da nomenclatura finalizadora de resumos, que representarão o conteúdo dos trabalhos acadêmicos, oriundos de graduações e pós-graduações acadêmicas e profissionais, foi criado, como produto de intervenção, um blog educacional intitulado ‘Descritores na Produção Científica do MPES’, o qual orienta o uso adequado das palavras representativas de resumos.
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Ostiz, Heliane Campanatti. "Descritores em ciências da saúde na área específica da fonoaudiologia brasileira." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5162/tde-02092010-132420/.
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TEMA: a questão complexa sobre terminologia de uma área do saber, aqui a Fonoaudiologia, ciência em fase de amadurecimento. OBJETIVO: proposição de tesauro específico sobre a Fonoaudiologia, nas Línguas Inglesa, Portuguesa e Espanhola, a partir dos descritores existentes nos Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS). MÉTODO: baseado no estudo piloto de Campanatti-Ostiz e Andrade (2008), que teve por objetivo a verificação da viabilidade metodológica para a criação da categoria específica da Fonoaudiologia brasileira no DeCS. As bases de dados selecionadas para o acesso aos títulos, resumos e palavraschave dos artigos científicos analisados foram a National Library of Medicine (NLM) e a Scientific Eletronic Library On Line (SciELO). As revistas científicas selecionadas para a análise de artigos científicos foram as de Fonoaudiologia indexadas na SciELO e publicadas durante 24 meses: Pró- Fono Revista de Atualização Científica, Revista Cefac Atualização Científica em Fonoaudiologia e Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Fonoaudiologia. As partes constituintes dos artigos científicos eleitas para o levantamento e tratamento dos termos foram os títulos, resumos e palavras-chave. Primeiramente foi realizada a recuperação dos Descritores em Língua Inglesa (Medical Subject Headings - MeSH) e, posteriormente, a recuperação e hierarquização dos descritores em Língua Portuguesa (DeCS). As análises realizadas dos dados foram: análise descritiva dos dados e análise de relevância relativa das áreas do DeCS. A partir da análise descritiva dos dados, decidiu-se pela participação de todos os 761 descritores, com todos os seus números hierárquicos, independente de seus números de ocorrência (NO). A partir da análise de relevância relativa das XIV áreas do DeCS, optou-se pela proposição do tesauro da Fonoaudiologia, excluindo-se as áreas menos relevantes e as áreas exclusivas do DeCS (sem equivalência às áreas do MeSH). RESULTADOS: nos 311 artigos analisados, inicialmente foram encontradas 3511 ocorrências de descritores MeSH (média de 11,29 descritores MeSH por artigo) e 3492 ocorrências de descritores DeCS equivalentes (761 diferentes descritores DeCS). Para o arranjo dos descritores DeCS levantados em sub-areas da Fonoaudiologia, optou-se pela utilização das hierarquizações das áreas propostas pelo DeCS. Após a exclusão das áreas não relevantes e exclusivas do DeCS, e inserção dos descritores faltantes para que todos os níveis hierárquicos fossem contemplados, desde os mais específicos até os mais amplos, a proposição foi finalizada com um total de 1676 ocorrências de descritores DeCS, sendo 1189 ocorrências (71%) advindas de descritores levantados durante a pesquisa e 487 ocorrências (29%) advindas de descritores acrescentados para a complementação dos níveis. CONCLUSÃO: a proposição de tesauro apresentada contém os termos de domínio da Fonoaudiologia brasileira e refletem os descritores da produção científica das publicações pesquisadas. Sendo o DeCS um vocabulário trilingue (Português, Inglês e Espanhol), esta proposição de organização dos descritores poderá ser apresentada nestas três Línguas, propiciando maior intercâmbio cultural entre as diferentes naçõesBACKGROUND: the complex issue related to terminology of a field of knowledge; in the present work the Speech-Language and Hearing Science, an area in development. AIM: to propose a specific thesaurus about the Speech-Language and Hearing Science, for the English, Portuguese and Spanish languages, based on the existing keywords available on the Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS). METHOD: methodology was based on the pilot study developed by Campanatti-Ostiz and Andrade (2008) that had as a purpose to verify the methodological viability for the creation of a Speech-Language and Hearing Science category in the DeCS. The selected data base that gave access to titles, abstracts and keywords of the analyzed scientific articles were the National Library of Medicine (NLM) and the Scientific Eletronic Library On Line (SciELO). The scientific journals selected for analyses were those in the field of the Speech-Language and Hearing Science, indexed on the SciELO and published in the last 24 months: Pró-Fono Revista de Atualização Científica, Revista Cefac Atualização Científica em Fonoaudiologia and Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Fonoaudiologia. The titles, abstracts and keywords of all scientific articles were selected for terminology analyses. First of all, the recovery of the Descriptors in the English language was done (Medical Subject Headings - MeSH). After that, the recovery and hierarchic organization of the descriptors in the Portuguese language was done (DeCS). The obtained data was analyzed as follows: descriptive analyses and relative relevance analyses of the DeCS areas. Based on the descriptive data analyses, we decided to select all 761 descriptors, with all the hierarchic XVI numbers, independently of their occurrence (occurrence number - ON). After the relative relevance analyses of the DeCS areas, we decided to propose the thesaurus for the Speech-Language and Hearing Science, excluding the less relevant areas and the exclusive DeCS areas (with no equivalence to the MeSH areas). RESULTS: out of the 311 analyzed articles, 3511 MeSH descriptor occurrences (mean of 11.29 MeSH descriptors per article) and 3492 equivalent DeCS descriptor occurrences (761 different DeCS descriptors) were found. For the arrangement of the DeCS descriptors found in the subareas of the Speech-Language and Hearing Sciences, we decided to use the hierarchic areas proposed by the DeCS. After the exclusion of the nonrelevant and exclusive DeCS areas, and the insertion of the lacking descriptors so that all hierachic levels were contemplated specific and broad the proposal was finished with a total of 1676 occurrences of DeCS descriptors, being 1189 occurrences (71%) of descriptors found during the research and 487 occurrences (29%) of descriptors that were added in order to complement all levels. CONCLUSION: the presented proposal of a thesaurus contains the specific terminology of the Brazilian Speech-Language and Hearing Sciences and reflects the descriptors of the published scientific production. Being the DeCS a trilingual vocabulary (Portuguese, English and Spanish), the present descriptors organization proposition can be used in these three languages, allowing greater cultural interchange between different nations
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CARVALHO, Juliana Cysneiros Sande. "Aspectos memoriais da produção bibliográfica de Francisco Solano Trindade." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2016. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/17805.
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CNPq
Diante da necessidade da valorização dos discursos afrodescendentes presentes na história, buscou-se na literatura formas de representação cultural e das tradições que reflitam uma gama de usuários que se identificam com a temática. Assim, revelar nas formas discursivas do poeta Francisco Solano Trindade, por meio da sua produção bibliográfica, aspectos políticos, econômicos e sociais que sirvam de corpora para recompor a memória social negro no período das publicações bibliográficas. Considera-se que as bibliografias produzidas pelo autor podem reverberar nuanças sobre uma determinada realidade por meio do discurso, que sobretudo não possui o caráter de ser neutro, marcado pelo reflexo do tempo meio, estas marcas discursivas servirão de corpus para a análise. Qual fundamentada pela Bibliografia sob a ótica da Ciência da Informação (CI) por meio da Análise de Assunto. A análise de assunto na categorização de documentos faz parte da vertente ligada ao Tratamento Temático da Informação (TTI) etapa fundamental na Organização e Representação do Conhecimento. A pesquisa se justifica mediante a contribuição trazida pela preservação da memória social de um poeta negro e humilde, que assumiu uma postura política e militante em seus discursos, formas de resistência contrárias à condição de dominação e alijamento social sofrida pelos negros. Sendo a análise sistematizada em cinco etapas: (1) Identificação das obras bibliográficas de Francisco Solano Trindade; (2) Reunião dos exemplares bibliográficos publicados; (3) Análise dos conteúdos documentais contidos nas fontes bibliográficas; (4) Extração de resultados por meio da Análise Documentária (AD) aplicada ao material bibliográfico; (5) Elaboração de mapas conceituais referentes as extrações dos resultados encontrados a partir das análises das bibliografias; Visando a apreensão de uma realidade, optou-se pela escolha de uma pesquisa documental de caráter exploratório visando o entendimento discursivo presente nos livros do poeta pernambucano Francisco Solano Trindade. O objetivo geral se encontra na proposta em revelar nas formas discursivas das poesias encontradas nas bibliografias elementos ligados ao político, econômico e social de um passado histórico, tríade que ajuda a recompor parte da memória negra. Buscamos identificar a produção bibliográfica de Francisco Solano Trindade, com o intuito de analisar nestas fontes documentais os assuntos contidos nestes documentos;
Given the need for enhancement of African descent discourses present in history, sought in literature forms of cultural representation and traditions that reflect a range of users who identify with the subject. Thus, reveal the discursive forms of the poet Francisco Solano Trindade, through its bibliographic production, political, economic and social aspects that recover the black social memory in the period of bibliographic publications. It is considered that the bibliographies produced by the author may reverberate nuances of a certain reality through discourse, which mainly does not have the character to be neutral, marked by reflection of the meantime, these discursive marks for analysis. What founded by reading from the perspective of Information Science (CI) by Subject Analysis. The subject of analysis in the categorization of documents is a shed attached to the Thematic Treatment Information (TTI) key step in the Organization and Knowledge Representation. The research is justified by the contribution brought by preserving social memory of a black and humble poet, who took a political stance and militant in his speeches, forms of resistance contrary to the condition of domination and social dumping suffered by blacks. And the systematic analysis of five steps: (1) identification of bibliographical works of Francisco Solano Trindade; (2) Meeting of bibliographic copies published; (3) Analysis of document content contained in the bibliographical sources; (4) results of extraction through the Documentary Analysis (AD) applied to the bibliographic material; (5) Development of conceptual maps of the extraction of the findings from the analysis of bibliographies; Aimed at taking a reality, we opted for the choice of a documentary research exploratory aiming discursive understanding on the books of Pernambuco poet Francisco Solano Trindade. The overall objective is the proposal to reveal the discursive forms of poetry found in the bibliographies elements linked to political, economic and social development of a historical past, triad that helps to recover part of the black memory. We seek to identify the bibliographic production of Francisco Solano Trindade, in order to analyze these documentary sources the issues contained in these documents;
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Jaykumar, Nishita. "ResQu: A Framework for Automatic Evaluation of Knowledge-Driven Automatic Summarization." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1464628801.
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Tao, Xiaohui. "Personalised ontology learning and mining for web information gathering." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2009. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/30278/1/Xiaohui_Tao_Thesis.pdf.
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Over the last decade, the rapid growth and adoption of the World Wide Web has further exacerbated user needs for e±cient mechanisms for information and knowledge location, selection, and retrieval. How to gather useful and meaningful information from the Web becomes challenging to users. The capture of user information needs is key to delivering users' desired information, and user pro¯les can help to capture information needs. However, e®ectively acquiring user pro¯les is di±cult. It is argued that if user background knowledge can be speci¯ed by ontolo- gies, more accurate user pro¯les can be acquired and thus information needs can be captured e®ectively. Web users implicitly possess concept models that are obtained from their experience and education, and use the concept models in information gathering. Prior to this work, much research has attempted to use ontologies to specify user background knowledge and user concept models. However, these works have a drawback in that they cannot move beyond the subsumption of super - and sub-class structure to emphasising the speci¯c se- mantic relations in a single computational model. This has also been a challenge for years in the knowledge engineering community. Thus, using ontologies to represent user concept models and to acquire user pro¯les remains an unsolved problem in personalised Web information gathering and knowledge engineering. In this thesis, an ontology learning and mining model is proposed to acquire user pro¯les for personalised Web information gathering. The proposed compu- tational model emphasises the speci¯c is-a and part-of semantic relations in one computational model. The world knowledge and users' Local Instance Reposito- ries are used to attempt to discover and specify user background knowledge. From a world knowledge base, personalised ontologies are constructed by adopting au- tomatic or semi-automatic techniques to extract user interest concepts, focusing on user information needs. A multidimensional ontology mining method, Speci- ¯city and Exhaustivity, is also introduced in this thesis for analysing the user background knowledge discovered and speci¯ed in user personalised ontologies. The ontology learning and mining model is evaluated by comparing with human- based and state-of-the-art computational models in experiments, using a large, standard data set. The experimental results are promising for evaluation. The proposed ontology learning and mining model in this thesis helps to develop a better understanding of user pro¯le acquisition, thus providing better design of personalised Web information gathering systems. The contributions are increasingly signi¯cant, given both the rapid explosion of Web information in recent years and today's accessibility to the Internet and the full text world.
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Tao, Xiaohui. "Personalised ontology learning and mining for web information gathering." Queensland University of Technology, 2009. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/30278/.
Full textAbstract:
Over the last decade, the rapid growth and adoption of the World Wide Web has further exacerbated user needs for e±cient mechanisms for information and knowledge location, selection, and retrieval. How to gather useful and meaningful information from the Web becomes challenging to users. The capture of user information needs is key to delivering users' desired information, and user pro¯les can help to capture information needs. However, e®ectively acquiring user pro¯les is di±cult. It is argued that if user background knowledge can be speci¯ed by ontolo- gies, more accurate user pro¯les can be acquired and thus information needs can be captured e®ectively. Web users implicitly possess concept models that are obtained from their experience and education, and use the concept models in information gathering. Prior to this work, much research has attempted to use ontologies to specify user background knowledge and user concept models. However, these works have a drawback in that they cannot move beyond the subsumption of super - and sub-class structure to emphasising the speci¯c se- mantic relations in a single computational model. This has also been a challenge for years in the knowledge engineering community. Thus, using ontologies to represent user concept models and to acquire user pro¯les remains an unsolved problem in personalised Web information gathering and knowledge engineering. In this thesis, an ontology learning and mining model is proposed to acquire user pro¯les for personalised Web information gathering. The proposed compu- tational model emphasises the speci¯c is-a and part-of semantic relations in one computational model. The world knowledge and users' Local Instance Reposito- ries are used to attempt to discover and specify user background knowledge. From a world knowledge base, personalised ontologies are constructed by adopting au- tomatic or semi-automatic techniques to extract user interest concepts, focusing on user information needs. A multidimensional ontology mining method, Speci- ¯city and Exhaustivity, is also introduced in this thesis for analysing the user background knowledge discovered and speci¯ed in user personalised ontologies. The ontology learning and mining model is evaluated by comparing with human- based and state-of-the-art computational models in experiments, using a large, standard data set. The experimental results are promising for evaluation. The proposed ontology learning and mining model in this thesis helps to develop a better understanding of user pro¯le acquisition, thus providing better design of personalised Web information gathering systems. The contributions are increasingly signi¯cant, given both the rapid explosion of Web information in recent years and today's accessibility to the Internet and the full text world.
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Stewart, Brian. "Pictures in words : indexing, folksonomy and representation of subject content in historic photographs." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2013. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/687.
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Subject access to images is a major issue for image collections. Research is needed to understand how indexing and tagging contribute to make the subjects of historic photographs accessible.
This thesis firstly investigates the evidence of cognitive dissonance between indexers and users in the way they attribute subjects to historic photographs, and, secondly, how indexers and users might work together to enhance subject description. It analyses how current indexing and social tagging represent the subject content of historic photographs. It also suggests a practical way indexers can work with taggers to deal with the classic problem of resource constraints and to enhance metadata to make photo collections more accessible. In an original application of the Shatford/Panofsky classification matrix within the applications domain of historic images, patterns of subject attribution are explored between taggers and professional indexers.
The study was conducted in two stages. The first stage (Studies A to D) investigated how professional indexers and taggers represent the subject content of historic photographs and revealed differences based on Shatford/Panofsky. The indexers (Study A) demonstrated a propensity for specific and generic subjects and almost complete avoidance of abstracts. In contrast, a pilot study with users (Study B) and with baseline taggers (Studies C and D) showed their propensity for generics and equal inclination to specifics and abstracts. The evidence supports the conclusion that indexers and users approach the subject content of historic photographs differently, demonstrating cognitive dissonance, a conflict between how they appear to think about and interpret images.
The second stage (Study E) demonstrated that an online training intervention affected tagging behaviour. The intervention resulted in increased tagging and fuller representation of all subject facets according to the Shatford/Panofsky classification matrix. The evidence showed that trained taggers tagged more generic and abstract facets than untrained taggers. Importantly, this suggests that training supports the annotation of the higher levels of subject content and so potentially provides enhanced intellectual access.
The research demonstrated a practical way institutions can work with taggers to extend the representation of subject content in historic photographs. Improved subject description is critical for intellectual access and retrieval in the cultural heritage space. Through systematic application of the training method a richer corpus of descriptors might be created that enhances machine based information retrieval via automatic extraction.
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Griffon, Nicolas. "Modélisation, création et évaluation de ux de terminologies et de terminologies d'interface : application à la production d'examens complémentaires de biologie et d'imagerie médicale." Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00877697.
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Les intérêts théoriques, cliniques et économiques, de l'informatisation des prescriptions au sein des établissements de santé sont nombreux : diminution du nombre de prescriptions, amélioration de leur pertinence clinique, diminution des erreurs médicales... Ces béné ces restent théoriques car l'informatisation des prescriptions est, en pratique, confrontée à de nombreux problèmes, parmi lesquels les problèmes d'interopérabilité et d'utilisabilité des solutions logicielles. L'utilisation de terminologies d'interface au sein de ux de terminologies permettrait de dépasser ces problèmes. L'objectif principal de ce travail était de modéliser et développer ces ux de terminologies pour la production d'examens de biologie et d'imagerie médicale puis d'en évaluer les béné ces en termes d'interopérabilité et d'utilisabilité. Des techniques d'analyse des processus ont permis d'aboutir à une modélisation des ux de terminologies qui semble commune à de nombreux domaines. La création des ux proprement dits repose sur des terminologies d'interface, éditées pour l'occasion, et des référentiels nationaux ou internationaux reconnus. Pour l'évaluation, des méthodes spéci- ques mises au point lors du travail d'intégration d'une terminologie d'interface iconique au sein d'un moteur de recherche de recommandations médicales et d'un dossier médical, ont été appliquées. Les ux de terminologies créés induisaient d'importantes pertes d'information entre les di érents systèmes d'information. En imagerie, la terminologie d'interface de prescription était signi cativement plus simple à utiliser que les autres terminologies, une telle di érence n'a pas été mise en évidence dans le domaine de la biologie. Si les ux de terminologies ne sont pas encore fonctionnels, les terminologies d'interface, elles, sont disponibles pour tout établissement de santé ou éditeur de logiciels et devraient faciliter la mise en place de logiciels d'aide à la prescription.
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Rahman, A. I. M. Jakaria. "Social tagging versus Expert created subject headings." Thesis, 2012. http://eprints.rclis.org/25587/1/Rahman_Social%20tagging%20versus%20Expert%20created%20subject%20headings.pdf.
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The purpose of the study was to investigate social tagging practice in science book context. In addition, it identified the usefulness of social tags as supplementary of controlled vocabulary to enhance the use of library resources. More specifically, this study examined to know to what extent the social tags match with controlled vocabulary, and whether or not any additional perception is provided by social tags to improve the accessibility and information retrieval in a digital environment. In both cases, the social tags were considered with respect to the appropriateness to the specific book. For the successful implementation of social tagging in library systems, there is a need to understand how users assign social tags to library collections, what vocabularies they use and how far the social tag relates to controlled vocabulary. This understanding can help libraries to decide on how to implement and review the social tagging.
This study used a combination of both qualitative and quantitative research approaches. The LibraryThing website and Library of Congress Subject Headings were considered as a research site. Social tags have been collected from the LibraryThing website and LCSHs has been considered as controlled vocabulary. Twenty books from the science genre have been chosen purposefully. The sample has further been considered to include only those books that have also been available in the Library of Congress catalogue. Ten books have been taken from the academic group and the remaining were from the non-academic group. This study took into consideration only those social tags that occurred at least twice.
A coding system has been developed to pull together all the similar social tags for further analysis. In the coding system, four broad categories have been defined, e.g., Social tags that match exactly with LCSHs, Social tags that match partially with LCSHs, Social tags that reflect bibliographic information and social tags that are user specific information. The last three categories were further sub-categorized.
It is found that there is a clear difference between assigning expert created subject terms and social tagging practice to library books. Cataloguers assigned relatively few terms per book through the use of restricted and established vocabulary following firm rules, whereas, the end users enjoyed liberty with unlimited terms. More than fifty percent of social tags matched with expert created subject headings. The frequency of use of the social tags that matched with LCSHs terms was higher than the non-matched ones. The expert created subject headings were highly ranked in the social tags' lists, where end users more frequently assigned social tags that represented broader or narrower terms than the cataloguers’ assigned subject headings. In addition, the social tagging represented other aspects that could not be either covered within the strict subject headings assigned rules or cataloguing rules. Such diverse impressions can be seen as an access point to the same library collections according to users’ interest and opinions.
This study revealed that as a standalone tool neither the controlled vocabulary nor the social tagging practice can work like a satisfactory information retrieval tool. A hybrid catalogue with combining both LCSHs and social tags would give its patrons the best of both worlds in terms of access to materials. This kind of practice may give more significant outcome for local research or university libraries where the users are more concentrated on a defined number of disciplines. Adapting users’ views in addition to controlled vocabulary through social tags may increase the efficiency of information retrieval process in library OPAC.
This study implied both qualitative and quantitative support for the use of social tags in the library OPACs. The findings support many of the previous theories proposed in literature about social tagging and LCSHs. The qualitative analysis of social tags disclosed the diverse way of looking at the library resources by the end users in addition to subject descriptors.
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Lester, Marilyn A. "Coincidence of user vocabulary and Library of Congress subject headings experiments to improve subject access in academic library online catalogs /." 1989. http://books.google.com/books?id=c93gAAAAMAAJ.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Illinois--Urbana-Champaign, 1989.Vita. Typescript (photocopy). eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 288-310).
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Barlow, Sandra M. Cornille Thomas A. "The relationship of adolescent attachment to parents and peers with therapeutic alliance." Diss., 2003. http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-11142003-034347.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Florida State University, 2003.Advisor: Dr. Thomas A. Cornille, Florida State University, College of Human Sciences, Dept. of Family and Child Sciences. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Feb. 25, 2004). Includes bibliographical references.
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Williams, Foluso M. Joiner Thomas E. "Mood Regulation Skill And The Symptoms Of Endogenous And Hopelessness Depression." Diss., 2003. http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-09182003-202438.
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Thesis (M. S.)--Florida State University, 2003.Advisor: Dr. Thomas E. Joiner, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Psychology. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed April 6, 2004). Includes bibliographical references.
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Waring, Christopher A. Liu Xiuwen. "An Exploration Of The Spectral Histrogram Representation For Face Detection." Diss., 2003. http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-09182003-201531.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Florida State University, 2003.Advisor: Dr. Xiuwen Liu, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Computer Science. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed April 6, 2004). Includes bibliographical references.
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Hayes, Susan M. "Towards enhanced catalog access to fiction the multi-dimensional subject analysis of imaginary literature represented in a library catalog /." 1996. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/38876570.html.
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Wood, Susan Elaine. "The subject representation of core works in women's studies a critical analysis of the Library of Congress Subject Headings /." 2010. http://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/675.
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Wood, Susan E. "The Subject Representation of Core Works in Women's Studies: A Critical Analysis of the Library of Congress Subject Headings." 2010. http://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/675.
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The system of Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) has been the subject of feminist, critical examinations since the 1970s. Subject headings pertaining both to feminist literature and to women in general have been analyzed to determine how LCSH represents these topics. In this study, I contribute to this body of scholarship by analyzing and reporting on the nature of the LCSH subject representation of 52 core works published from 1986-1998 in the areas of feminist theory and women’s movements. These monographs were selected from the 3rd edition of Women’s Studies: A Recommended Bibliography (Krikos & Ingold, 2004). The analysis of works of/on feminist theory and on women’s movements is preceded by a pilot study of 24 core works on the topics of Communications, Film, Television, Media, and Journalism. I utilize the abstracts of these works in Krikos & Ingold (2004), as well as the works themselves, to establish the nature of each monograph’s perspective and scope. To this information I compare the LC subject headings employed in the bibliographic records representing these works in the Library of Congress Online Catalog in order to assess the headings’ usefulness as surrogate representations of these monographs in terms of accuracy, relevance, specificity, and currency. I present my findings as sets of problems and solutions illustrated with specific examples. Overall, LCSH is not able to represent adequately the 24 works in the pilot study sample or the 52 core works in the main study based on its current application. I conclude with a proposed set of subject headings as suggested by the abstracts of these works.
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Ho, Shih-wen, and 何世文. "The Study of Integrated Chinese Classification and Subject Headings: a Case Study of Education." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/10921824225342807074.
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碩士國立政治大學
圖書資訊研究所
87
The organization of information/ knowledge is always an important field to the librarians and researchers in the library and information science. As to the library, the important field belongs to library cataloging. It contains a discussion of the two basic functions: descriptive cataloging and subject cataloging. The later includes class number and subject access point assignment. The purpose of this study attempt to explore the possibility of the integration of class number and subject access point in Taiwan.
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Tang, Jen-Hao, and 唐仁壕. "A Research on Automatic Recommendation for Classification and Subject Headings of New Book Bibliographies." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/eq28na.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
工程科學及海洋工程學研究所
105
Librarians spend a lot of time and efforts on new book bibliography. They choose moderate classification and subject headings for new books according to the rule from the manual and the experience from their career. This research offers an approach to build an automatic recommendation system to suggest classification codes and subject headings of new books. By the concept of information retrieval, we built the index of the bibliography data to search for the candidate classification codes and subject headings. After that, the system sort the candidate list to find the recommended results. The whole system is divided into 4 parts: data pre-process, data indexing, candidate retrieval & ranking process, and rule classification. The goal of this research is to help librarians’ daily work for new book bibliography and increase the efficiency of their works. Besides, the research also finds out some interesting issues for recommendation systems applied for the real library data set.
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Sie, Peng-Yan, and 謝朋諺. "Library Cataloging Assistant for New Book Bibliographies Combining Automatic Recommendation for Classification and Subject Headings." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/d28p5p.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
工程科學及海洋工程學研究所
106
This research is to establish an assistant cataloging system. The system is able to automatically recommend the classification number, subject heading and automatically fill author field. The system can simplify the whole cataloging process and achieve the consistency of librarians'' cataloging with each other. This paper apply the method of document retrieval to recommend a new book with one classification number and subject headings, and also apply the statistical and manual selection methods to automatically fill in the author field. In addition to the recommendation results on the interface, the reason for this recommendation is revealed. In addition, the relevant analysis and external search engine results are provided, so that the librarian does not need to reduce extra search steps outside the system. The system uses multiple recommendation ranks instead of single recommendation rank. The librarian can manually select appropriate results from recommendations to fill corresponding field. In order to evaluate the system, two experiments are designed with existing data. Besides, this system is evaluated by librarian.
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Labský, Jan. "Využití vybraných medicínských tezaurů a klasifikací v portálech pro laickou veřejnost." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-393630.
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(in English) The thesis examines the use of medical thesauri and classifications in portals containing medical information for laymen. The thesis first describes the selected thesauri, classifications and individual portals. A survey was carried out exploring users' reasons for researching medical information. Subsequently, selected subjects were observed researching information on previously selected portals. The observation was complemented with semi- structured interviews with the subjects. The observed results were used to discern the key manifestations of the connection between portals and medical thesauri. The individual portals were further evaluated and their features most important to users were identified.
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Brown, Mary Esther. "Children's naming of subject categories developmental differences in the invariant properties of category labelling /." 1994. http://books.google.com/books?id=j9PgAAAAMAAJ.
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Oliphant, Woody. "How Worldly is the World Digital Library? : Postcolonial Critical Discourse Analysis of the Library of Congress Subject Headings." Thesis, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-23181.
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Based on previous researchers’ criticism of Euro-American bias inherent to universal analogue and digital knowledge organisation systems, this combined qualitative and quantitative postcolonial critical discourse analysis investigates the constructed meanings behind the Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) controlled vocabulary hosted by the Word Digital Library’s (WDL) metadata scheme. This is done with a sample of metadata pertaining to their African cultural heritage collection. The study aims to see if the restricted controlled vocabulary exclude and marginalise situated African knowledge thereby conflicting with their ideological imperative of promoting international understanding. The use of postcolonial theory and discourse analysis theory as both the analytical theoretical framework and methodological approach, reveal that Westerncentric terms from colonial discourse dominate but do not constitute the entirety of the discourses represented by the subject headings. Relying on the assumption that the cataloguers select subject headings based on the rule of literary warrant, the reason for this preference imply an unbalanced collection rather than a biased knowledge organisation system. Therefore, the study suggests the creation of positive rhetorical spaces (Olson, 2002) by adding preferred terms that stem from marginalised situated knowledge systems that too are represented by the existing resources. This will allow for several discourses to co-exist achieving thereby a better fit with the culturally inclusionary aims of the WDL not dependent on the limits of their collection. Also acknowledged is metadata’s pragmatic rationale in support of standardisation for enhanced search and discoverability, but questioned is the sustainability of this principle if the goal is to promote equitable understanding and representation to a wide and international user group. Ultimately, recognising the bias within knowledge organisation systems will serve inclusivity more, rather than traditional claims of universality which conceal exclusion.
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Włodarczyk, Bartłomiej. "Zastosowanie map tematów w językach haseł przedmiotowych na przykładzie Języka Haseł Przedmiotowych Biblioteki Narodowej." Doctoral thesis, 2015. https://depotuw.ceon.pl/handle/item/1130.
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Języki haseł przedmiotowych są jednymi z podstawowych narzędzi dostępu do treści dokumentów w bibliotekach. Ich leksyka składa się z dwóch rodzajów jednostek: autosyntaktycznych tematów i synsyntaktycznych określników. Bibliotekarze opisując dokumenty łączą jednostki leksykalne w zdania (hasła przedmiotowe proste i rozwinięte). Przez dziesiątki lat języki te funkcjonowały w katalogach kartkowych, w których wyszukiwanie opierało się między innymi na wykorzystaniu prekoordynacji. Sytuacja uległa poważnej zmianie wraz z powstaniem sieci WWW, która przyczyniła się do upowszechnienia wyszukiwania pełnotekstowego i do zwiększenia samodzielności użytkowników w wyszukiwaniu informacji. Modyfikacja sposobu tworzenia i dostosowanie języków haseł przedmiotowych do potrzeb współczesnych użytkowników są niezbędne, aby biblioteki mogły nadal pełnić rolę istotnego pośrednika w dostępie do informacji i wiedzy. Ważna jest potrzeba wskazania zarówno teoretycznych możliwości zmiany języków haseł przedmiotowych, jak i praktyczna ich modyfikacja oraz badanie użyteczności stworzonych systemów.
Celem rozprawy jest zaprezentowanie możliwości optymalizacji danych semantycznych zorganizowanych jako języki haseł przedmiotowych w celu stworzenia systemu zapewniającego skuteczniejsze, bliższe oczekiwaniom użytkowników wyszukiwanie informacji. Główną tezą rozprawy jest założenie, że w językach haseł przedmiotowych tkwi niewykorzystany dotychczas potencjał informacyjno-wyszukiwawczy, który może zostać zdyskontowany przy zastosowaniu technologii semantycznych. Jednej z możliwości transformacji języków haseł przedmiotowych dostarcza model map tematów. Tego rodzaju prace badawcze prowadził dotychczas jedynie japoński zespół pod kierunkiem Motomu Naito. Ich ograniczeniem był brak dokładniejszej analizy struktury przekształcanych języków haseł przedmiotowych. W rozprawie rozważania ograniczone zostały do jednego z reprezentantów języków haseł przedmiotowych – Języka Haseł Przedmiotowych Biblioteki Narodowej (JHP BN). Język ten jest, obok języka KABA używanego w katalogu NUKAT, najczęściej stosowany w polskich bibliotekach. Posługuje się nim Biblioteka Narodowa w swoim katalogu i w tworzonych bibliografiach na czele z bibliografią narodową oraz większość bibliotek publicznych i pedagogicznych, a także część bibliotek naukowych. Sprawia to, że problematyka optymalizacji JHP BN jest niezwykle istotna dla polskich bibliotek i ich użytkowników.
Osiągnięciu celu rozprawy służy dokładna analiza JHP BN i modelu map tematów, który został opublikowany jako norma przez International Standard Organization (ISO) i International Electrotechnical Commision (IEC), a następnie wskazanie możliwości przekształcenia poszczególnych elementów języka w elementy mapy tematów. Rozprawa składa się z trzech rozdziałów. W pierwszym scharakteryzowano historię oraz aktualny stan JHP BN. Zaprezentowano w nim m.in. statystykę odnoszącą się do JHP BN i wzorce relacji między tematami. Podkreślono rolę oraz wskazano określniki identyfikujące relacje między pojęciami. Rozdział drugi prezentuje model map tematów w oparciu o standardy ISO/IEC. W rozdziale trzecim przedstawiono propozycję transformacji JHP BN do postaci mapy tematów. Rezultatem jest wstępna ontologia mapy tematów oparta na JHP BN. Została ona stworzona po analizie relacji syntagmatycznych i paradygmatycznych. W propozycji starano się zachować kontekst tworzony przez hasła rozwinięte, a tym samym zaprezentować elastyczne i przyjazne dla użytkownika rozwiązanie odnoszące się do opracowania i wyszukiwania przedmiotowego.One of the most popular subject access points in libraries is the subject heading language. The subject heading language consists of headings and subdivisions. It is a pre-coordinate system, which means that librarians describing content of the documents combine preferred terms recorded in a controlled vocabulary. Subject heading languages have been used in card catalogues for a long time. The turning point was the invention of the World Wide Web, which has led to the prevalence of the full-text search and to the increase of the users independence in information search. The modification of the process of vocabulary creation and the adaptation to the user’s needs seem to be indispensable for libraries trying to remain important information and knowledge intermediaries. There is a need to present possible transformations of subject headings and to evaluate created solutions. The main goal of the thesis is to present possibilities of optimization of semantic data organized as subject heading languages to create a system that will provide more effective system of information retrieval, closer to the user’s expectations. There is a hidden information retrieval potential in the subject heading language and its utilization should be based on semantic technologies. One of the possibilities of such a transformation is offered by Topic Maps, the standard published by the International Standard Organization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commision (IEC). The subject heading language has been transformed into Topic Maps so far only by Motomu Naito and his research team in Japan but during this work they did not analyze subject heading strings. The considerations in this thesis are restricted to an example of subject heading languages – the National Library of Poland Subject Headings (JHP BN). This language, beside KABA language used in NUKAT – the union catalog of Polish academic and research libraries, is the most frequently used subject heading language in Poland. It is used in the National Library of Poland’s catalog, in the Polish national bibliography and by the majority of public and pedagogical libraries and some research libraries. Therefore, JHP BN transformation is very important for Polish libraries and their users. In order to achieve the goal of the thesis, I analyze JHP BN and Topic Maps model and then I show the possibility of transformation of individual elements of JHP BN into the elements of the topic map. The thesis consists of three chapters. In the first chapter, I characterize the history and the current state of JHP BN. I present the statistics of JHP BN data and I describe the relation patterns between headings. I also emphasize the role of some subdivisions as a means to present relationships in subject heading strings. The second chapter presents Topic Maps based on the ISO/IEC standards. In the third chapter I present the proposition of JHP BN transformation into a topic map. The result is initial ontology of the topic map based on JHP BN. It was created after an analysis of paradigmatic and syntagmatic relationships. The proposition aims to preserve the context of strings and at the same time provide a more flexible and user friendly solution for subject cataloging and access.
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Sawyers, Reggie Eric. "Comparison of transverse and sagittal otolith sectioning for aging wild rainbow trout from East Tennessee streams." 2006. http://etd.utk.edu/2006/SawyersReggieEric.pdf.
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Pinto, Maria Cristina Ramos de Moura. "Espaço seguro." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11067/2613.
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Exame público realizado em 22 de Julho 2016, às 15h30.Relatório de estágio realizado no âmbito do mestrado em Psicologia Clínica.
Este estágio curricular integrou-se na dinâmica do Espaço Pessoa tendo sido implementada por uma equipa multidisciplinar especialmente direcionada para satisfazer as necessidades específicas dos toxicodependentes, sem-abrigo, dos trabalhadores do sexo, entre outro tipo de público-alvo. Além das problemáticas específicas relacionadas com a saúde, com a falta de retaguarda familiar, com o desemprego, com a falta de apoio social, com as condições económicas precárias em que vivem chegando ao ponto de dormirem na rua, estas pessoas debatem-se com um problema nuclear: a exclusão social. Estigmatizadas e marginalizadas no seu quotidiano tendem cada vez mais a isolarem-se da sociedade traçando trajetórias de vida desviantes e muitas vezes autodestrutivas, sobretudo ao nível emocional e comportamental como é o caso dos toxicodependentes ou dos sem-abrigo. Outros fatores como a baixa autoestima e a falta de um projecto de vida viável torna a intervenção psicológica junto destes públicos multiproblemáticos mais desafiante requerendo abordagens terapêuticas mais abrangentes, diversificadas e inovadoras.Trabalho e família são os dois domínios mais afetados pela droga devendo as múltiplas terapias adotadas promover a reinserção social pelo trabalho e o envolvimento da família (Fernandes, 2009).
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Alexopoulou, Dimitra. "Word-sense disambiguation in biomedical ontologies." Doctoral thesis, 2010. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A25440.
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With the ever increase in biomedical literature, text-mining has emerged as an important technology to support bio-curation and search. Word sense disambiguation (WSD), the correct identification of terms in text in the light of ambiguity, is an important problem in text-mining. Since the late 1940s many approaches based on supervised (decision trees, naive Bayes, neural networks, support vector machines) and unsupervised machine learning (context-clustering, word-clustering, co-occurrence graphs) have been developed. Knowledge-based methods that make use of the WordNet computational lexicon have also been developed. But only few make use of ontologies, i.e. hierarchical controlled vocabularies, to solve the problem and none exploit inference over ontologies and the use of metadata from publications.
This thesis addresses the WSD problem in biomedical ontologies by suggesting different approaches for word sense disambiguation that use ontologies and metadata. The "Closest Sense" method assumes that the ontology defines multiple senses of the term; it computes the shortest path of co-occurring terms in the document to one of these senses. The "Term Cooc" method defines a log-odds ratio for co-occurring terms including inferred co-occurrences. The "MetaData" approach trains a classifier on metadata; it does not require any ontology, but requires training data, which the other methods do not. These approaches are compared to each other when applied to a manually curated training corpus of 2600 documents for seven ambiguous terms from the Gene Ontology and MeSH. All approaches over all conditions achieve 80% success rate on average. The MetaData approach performs best with 96%, when trained on high-quality data. Its performance deteriorates as quality of the training data decreases. The Term Cooc approach performs better on Gene Ontology (92% success) than on MeSH (73% success) as MeSH is not a strict is-a/part-of, but rather a loose is-related-to hierarchy. The Closest Sense approach achieves on average 80% success rate.
Furthermore, the thesis showcases applications ranging from ontology design to semantic search where WSD is important.