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Clements, Lucy, and Chern Li Liew. "Talking about tags." Electronic Library 34, no. 2 (April 4, 2016): 289–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/el-12-2014-0216.
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Purpose – While examining subject headings and tags is a popular research topic, most studies focus on comparing user-assigned tags and professional subject heading. Studies that compare Library of Congress Subject Headings to user-assigned tags, for instance, dominate the literature. However, little research has involved an examination on how and to what extent these features are actually used by library staff. This study adds to the body of knowledge. This study aims to focus on how librarians perceive and use tags. By focusing on people’s perceptions rather than simply comparing social tags and formal subject headings, new insights can be collected. Design/methodology/approach – This research collects data through semi-structured interviews conducted with 12 library staff from various roles and locations throughout Auckland Libraries. Findings – The research findings show that while social tags have been adopted and used in their work by the majority of library staff interviewed, there remains resistance to using them. Some library staff preferred the traditional hierarchical subject headings found in the traditional catalogue. A general lack of awareness about tag functions and features is also evident among the staff interviewed. Originality/value – The research focus is unique because it examines this phenomenon in a public library setting rather than in academic libraries, an area that is rarely examined in the literature.
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Isbister, Christian. "Indians in the Database." Pathfinder: A Canadian Journal for Information Science Students and Early Career Professionals 2, no. 2 (May 4, 2021): 2–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/pathfinder38.
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The goal of this exploratory research study is to better understand how students in the Faculty of Native Studies at the University of Alberta relate to terminology for Indigenous peoples in Canada, namely Indian, in controlled vocabulary subject headings. The language used in controlled vocabularies to describe resources about Indigenous peoples does not always reflect terms Indigenous peoples use to describe themselves, leading to a disconnect between users and subject headings. Although this issue is beginning to enter academic discourse alongside reconciliation efforts, to date no research study has examined how students react to this issue. In this study interviews were conducted with five students from the Faculty of Native Studies to better understand how they relate to terminology. Students reported feeling uncomfortable at being forced to use language they saw as racist or insensitive. Future research should be conducted to better understand student relationships with subject headings, particularly at different institutions
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Still, Julie, and Zara Wilkinson. "The use of librarians as occupational study populations in social science research." Library Review 63, no. 1/2 (May 2, 2014): 2–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lr-07-2013-0092.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to address the use of librarians as a study population in social science research outside of the field of library and information science. Additionally, it aims to make general claims about how frequently librarians have been studied compared to other occupations, as well as to identify and describe existing research that has used librarians as a study population. Design/methodology/approach – The described study had two parts. Two social science databases were searched using the subject headings “librarians” and eight additional occupations, and the results for all nine occupations were analyzed. The peer-reviewed results for “librarians” were then coded by content. The articles that used librarians as a study population were identified, reviewed and described. Findings – Although librarians, as an occupational group, possess many characteristics that should make them an ideal choice for social science research, they seem to be studied less frequently than other occupations. Research limitations/implications – Other occupational groups, such as mathematicians, were also studied infrequently. Further research might consider, more broadly, why some occupations are studied more frequently than others. Future studies might also compare librarianship to other female-dominated professions, such as nursing and education. Additionally, the subject heading “librarians” was applied to articles that studied non-professional library employees, making it difficult to isolate only articles with a focus on degreed librarians. Originality/value – Few other studies have examined social science research in which librarians are used as the study population. By focusing on how librarians are studied and written about in other fields, this paper will add to the body of literature on the professional image of librarians.
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SAMANTA, KALYAN SUNDAR. "User Generated Social Tags Versus Librarian Generated Subject Headings, A Comparative Study in the Domain of History." DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology 40, no. 03 (May 26, 2020): 176–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/djlit.40.03.15413.
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Social tagging allows users to assign any free-form keywords as tags to any digital resources through a decentralised way. Many information scientists find that there are similarities through their studies between usergenerated social tags and the librarian-generated subject headings for the libraries. The present study was conducted to identify the similarity and dissimilarity between user-generated social tags and librarian-generated subject terms of 1000 books in the domain of History. The study also conducted to identify whether social tags can replace controlled vocabularies. The study finds that only a small portion of terms overlaps with each other (3.54 % of social tags & 56.07 % of SLSH terms) and Spearman’s rank correlation proves that there is a good association between overlapping terms. Jaccard similarity coefficient highlights that users and the librarian use different terminologies (as J = 0.13, 0.12 & 0.11). Individual title wise comparison also defines that 90 per cent (88.4 %) of all book titles where users and the librarian use at least one common term. Users use the least subject & non-subject terms but use some personal tags for personal benefit whereas the librarian use only subject & non-subject terms. Matching with each book title clarifies that for describing resources users mostly use title based keywords (696) whereas the librarian use very little title based keywords (113). The study clearly defines that social tags can enhance the experience of library users. If it can be exploited properly it can complement to controlled vocabularies but can not replace the controlled vocabularies used for libraries a long time. Overall the study explicitly identifies the viability regarding the adoption of social tags into the library databases where the resources in the field of history will be accessed.
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Camargo, Edina, Rogerio Fermino, and Rodrigo Reis. "Barriers and facilitators to bicycle use in adults: a systematic review." Revista Brasileira de Atividade Física & Saúde 20, no. 2 (September 4, 2015): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.12820/rbafs.v.20n2p103.
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<p>The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the evidence on the barriers and facilitators to the use of bicycles in adults. Search terms were defined using Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS) and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and evidence was searched in the following databases: Lilacs, SciELO, PubMed, Web of Science and Science Direct. A total of seven studies met the inclusion criteria and showed that the main barriers and facilitators to the use of bicycles are related to the physical, social and natural environment characteristics and individual characteristics (cognitive, psychological and emotional aspects). Interventions in the area of public health should consider these features to increase the use of bicycles in adults.</p>
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Amani, Armaghan, Caitlin M. Fellers, Antoinette Eyebe, Alyssa Hall, and Meredith L. Howard. "Safety and Efficacy of Apixaban Use in Peritoneal Dialysis: A Review of the Literature." Journal of Pharmacy Technology 37, no. 3 (January 20, 2021): 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8755122520988728.
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Objective: To review the safety and efficacy of apixaban for the treatment of nonvalvular atrial fibrillation or venous thromboembolism in patients receiving peritoneal dialysis (PD). Data Sources: A PubMed and MEDLINE search was conducted through December 2020 using the following keywords and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms alone or in various combinations: apixaban, peritoneal dialysis, continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, end-stage renal disease, and hemodialysis. Study Selection and Data Extraction: English-language studies evaluating clinical outcomes pertaining to the use of apixaban in end stage renal disease (ESRD), which included patients receiving peritoneal dialysis were eligible for inclusion. Data Synthesis: Four studies were identified that met inclusion for this review, all retrospective in nature. These studies compared the safety and efficacy of apixaban with standard therapy in ESRD included patients on dialysis, with a very limited number of subjects receiving PD. In these studies, apixaban was shown to be potentially safer and more effective than warfarin. Outcomes did not differentiate between patients receiving PD or not. Conclusions: Use of apixaban in patients receiving PD may be safe and effective based on data from limited patients. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of apixaban in the PD setting is an important question that clinicians should consider with use of this medication in the ESRD population. More studies focusing on the PD population are needed to better assess the use of apixaban in this understudied population.
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Libraries, North Carolina. "Library and Information Science Research 1999-2001: A bibliography of Master's Papers from the University of North Carolina School of Information and Library Science." North Carolina Libraries 60, no. 1 (January 21, 2009): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3776/ncl.v60i1.239.
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Agnew, Laura. “Characteristics and Benefits of Online Support Groups.” 135 pages. July 2001. Headings: Information services – Special subjects – Disease; Virtual communities – Medical; Information needs – Medicine; Information eds – Self-help; Surveys – Information needs; Use studies – Internet.
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Dovbnya, Elena V. "Problems of Subject Retrieval in the Electronic Catalogue of Scientific Library: Review of Studies." Bibliotekovedenie [Russian Journal of Library Science] 69, no. 4 (November 6, 2020): 367–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/0869-608x-2020-69-4-367-374.
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Scientific libraries use different approaches and tools for subject retrieval. Issues related to electronic subject retrieval are widely discussed in the library community. The purpose of this review is to analyse publications of recent years on the aspects and problems related to subject retrieval in electronic catalogue (EC). For its preparation, the author used publications (and references to them) taken from the national bibliographic database — the Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI); the time coverage is 2003—2019. Particular attention in the studies is focused on the need to combine different information retrieval languages (IRL), thesauruses, subject headings and keywords to ensure effective and multi-aspect search. Since the domestic libraries have accumulated a lot of experience in indexing and retrieval through hierarchical classifications (UDC and LBC), it is necessary to use this at the full extent in the electronic subject retrieval. The authors of the recent studies on subject retrieval consider being the most effective the functioning of classification systems as part of the complex of linguistic tools of electronic catalogue. In the electronic environment, it becomes possible to use classification indexes as a set of characters that maximally reflect the content of the document, what involves the use of all fragments of the index as independent retrieval elements. However, the lexical composition of the classification information retrieval languages needs to be modified for effective use in the electronic catalogue. The main directions here can be as follows: unification of the structure and vocabulary of classification schedules, optimization of the structure of classification systems (using facetization principles), as well as formalization of the use of grammar tools, (it is necessary to ensure the unambiguity of their interpretation in the electronic catalogue). The review presents and analyses the areas where the subject retrieval has been developed in the electronic environment for over the past 16 years. For example, there has been developed and is being implemented the superstructure over Universal Decimal Classification (Library for Natural Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences), which allows users of the library to remotely conduct full-fledged subject retrieval. The paper also presents the new developments by the Russian State Library on subject retrieval, in particular, the project “Presentation of classification metadata of electronic libraries using linked data technology”. The author concludes that it is necessary to form a common space of related open data of various libraries.
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Vijayan, Vishnu, Anirban Mallick, and Jahnavi Dande. "Headgear in prevention of sports related concussion- A literature review across various sports." IP Indian Journal of Neurosciences 7, no. 3 (September 15, 2021): 186–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijn.2021.033.
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Sports related concussion (SRC) remains a challenge for sports physicians to identify because of varied presentation and lack of diagnostic tool. Keeping in mind its long term effect various sports bodies introduced different preventive strategies to reduce incidence of SRC. Commercial headgear is currently being used by players of all ages and skill levels in certain sports to protect themselves from heading and direct impact, even though the protective effect on concussion has not been conclusively demonstrated and limited research has been done. Electronic databases and grey literatures were used to search the evidence using Medical Subject Headings sports headgear, concussion, helmet, cricket, soccer, American Football, boxing for the available research studies from 1990 up to April 2020. The wide variety of prospective surveillance as well as lab studies made the case even more confusing as the simulation model may not actually replicate the on field scenario. Moreover the type and component of the headgear need to be subjected based on sports specific demand. Hence this literature review is aimed at available evidences in different sports to find any consensus between use of headgear and prevention of SRC.
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Diamond, James A. "The Use of Midrash in Maimonides' Guide of the Perplexed: Decoding the Duality of the Text." AJS Review 21, no. 1 (April 1996): 39–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0364009400007613.
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In the introduction to his philosophical magnum opus, the Guide of the Perplexed, Maimonides provides us with a rationale for the composition of this work as well as instructions for the targeted reader on how to decipher its elusive and enigmatic style. Such devices as contradiction, diffuse and seemingly discordant treatment of subject matter, and deliberate ruses are employed to accommodate both halakhic legal constraints on the overt teaching of physics and metaphysics and the wide intellectual disparity of his potential readers. The sensitive nature of the topics to be explored demands an unorthodox pedagogy that both illuminates and conceals, allowing entrance to the qualified few while excluding those who cannot cope with the intellectual rigors involved. Rabbinic stricture prohibits revealing anything more of the Account of the Chariot (metaphysics) than chapter headings, and therefore Maimonides cautions, “my purpose is that the truths be glimpsed and then again be concealed so as not to oppose that divine purpose which has concealed from the vulgar among the people those truths requisite for His apprehension.”
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Rosa, Maria Ines, Maria Fernandes dos Reis, Carla Simon, Eduardo Dondossola, Maria Cecília Alexandre, Tamy Colonetti, and Fernanda Oliveira Meller. "IgM ELISA for leptospirosis diagnosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis." Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 22, no. 12 (December 2017): 4001–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-812320172212.14112016.
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Abstract A systematic review with meta-analysis was performed to estimate the accuracy of IgM ELISA for Leptospirosis diagnosis. A search of Medline, Lilacs, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Grey literature (Google Scholar and British Library) was conducted. The medical subject headings (MeSHs) and the words “leptospirosis”, “human leptospirosis” and “IgM ELISA” were used. Fifty-two studies were analyzed, which included 10,775 samples. The pooled sensitivity of all the studies was 86% (CI 95%, 85%-87%) and specificity was 90% (CI 95%, 89%-91%). In studies of the acute phase, the sensitivity and specificity were 84% (CI 95%, 82%-85%) and 91% (CI 95%, 90%-91%), respectively. In conclusion, IgM ELISA is sensitive for use as an initial screen for leptospiral infections.
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Al-Haj Husain, Adib, Mark Solomons, Bernd Stadlinger, Rada Pejicic, Sebastian Winklhofer, Marco Piccirelli, and Silvio Valdec. "Visualization of the Inferior Alveolar Nerve and Lingual Nerve Using MRI in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: A Systematic Review." Diagnostics 11, no. 9 (September 10, 2021): 1657. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11091657.
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We evaluate the preoperative visualization of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) and lingual nerve (LN) as reported using radiation-free magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). An accurate visualization shall minimize the postoperative risk for nerve injuries in oral and maxillofacial surgery. PubMed MEDLINE, EMBASE, Biosis, and Cochrane databases were selected for the PICOS search strategy by two reviewers using medical subject headings (MeSH) terms. Thirty studies were included in the systematic review. Based on these studies’ findings, the use of black bone MRI sequences, especially 3D short-tau inversion recovery (STIR), provides superior soft-tissue resolution and high sensitivity in detecting pathological changes. Due to the implementation variability regarding scan parameters and the use of different magnetic field strengths, studies with well-designed protocols and a low risk of bias should be conducted to obtain stronger evidence. With improved cost and time efficiency and considering the benefit–risk ratio, MRI is a promising imaging modality that could become part of routine clinical practice in the future.
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Oyedele, Olubukunola, and Dona Schneider. "Cardiovascular Health and Healthcare Use of United States-Born and African-Born Blacks: A Review." Heart Research – Open Journal 8, no. 1 (December 31, 2021): 8–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17140/hroj-8-157.
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Introduction Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death globally, with Blacks in the United States (U.S.) is proportionately affected. Healthcare access and utilization have been reported as risk factors for poorer cardiovascular health among several U.S. populations. Aims and Objectives The purpose of this systematic literature review was to examine the results of existing studies reporting on cardiovascular health and healthcare utilization by African-born compared to U. S. -born Blacks. Methods A systematic literature review was conducted using keywords and medical subject headings (MESHs) in the PUBMED, Web of Science and CINAHL electronic databases. Exclusion and inclusion criteria determined articles to be reviewed for eligibility and methodological soundness. A pooled analysis was performed on all studies. Results Only seven studies met inclusion criteria. Four compared U. S. -born with African-born Blacks residing in the United States, while three compared U. S. -born Blacks with Blacks residing elsewhere. None of the studies examined the associations between healthcare utilization and cardiovascular health for these populations. Conclusion The results of this review indicate a need to examine the impact of healthcare utilization for increasing awareness, prevention and treatment of CVD in Blacks who reside in the United States regardless of their nativity.
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Goh, Jo Ling, David F. Bauer, Susan R. Durham, and Mitchell A. Stotland. "Orthotic (helmet) therapy in the treatment of plagiocephaly." Neurosurgical Focus 35, no. 4 (October 2013): E2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2013.7.focus13260.
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Object The goal of this study was to review the current literature on orthotic (helmet) therapy use in the treatment of deformational plagiocephaly. Methods PubMed was used to search English articles using the medical subject headings “deformational plagiocephaly” and “orthosis,” and “deformational plagiocephaly” and “helmet.” Results Forty-two articles were found. There were no Class I studies, 7 Class II studies, 1 Class III study, and 13 Class IV studies. Cranial orthoses have been shown to be effective in treating deformational plagiocephaly. It continues to be debated as to whether the statistical significance of treatment with cranial orthoses compared with conservative therapies is clinically significant. Children older than 12 months of age with deformational plagiocephaly may still benefit from orthotic therapy. The long-term effects of orthotic therapy are controversial. Conclusions There is a lack of Class I literature evidence supporting the use of helmet therapy in deformational plagiocephaly. There are controversies surrounding the use of orthotic therapy such as appropriate use, cost, use in older children, and long-term outcomes. Clinical indications for orthotic therapy need to be better defined with further research studies.
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Moore, Sarah J., Alexander T. Jenkins, Lindsey B. Poppe, Erinn C. Rowe, and Stephen F. Eckel. "Significant Publications About the Medication Use Process in 2012." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 28, no. 4 (March 13, 2014): 387–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190013519821.
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Purpose: This article identifies, prioritizes, and summarizes the published literature on the medication use process (MUP) from calendar year 2012 that can impact health-system pharmacists’ daily practice. Summary: The MUP is the foundational system that provides the framework for safe patient care within the health care environment. The MUP is defined in this article as having the following components: prescribing/transcribing, dispensing, administration, and monitoring. A PubMed search was conducted in January 2013 for calendar year 2012 using targeted Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) keywords, providing a total of 944 articles. A thorough review identified 46 potentially significant articles: 14 for prescribing/transcribing, 12 for dispensing, 10 for administration, and 10 for monitoring. Peer review led to the selection of key articles from each category. These articles are briefly summarized, with a mention of why this article is important within health-system pharmacy. The other articles are listed for further review and evaluation. Conclusion: It is important to routinely review the published literature and to incorporate significant findings into daily practice. Health-system pharmacists have an active role in improving the MUP in their institution and awareness of the significant published studies can assist in changing practice at the institutional level.
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Zolezzi, Monica, Yassin Hassan Eltorki, Mahmoud Almaamoon, Mahmoud Fathy, and Nabil E. Omar. "Outcomes of patient education practices to optimize the safe use of lithium: A literature review." Mental Health Clinician 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.9740/mhc.2018.01.041.
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Abstract Introduction: Lithium is commonly used to treat various psychiatric disorders and is particularly effective in the maintenance phase of bipolar disorder. Unfortunately, this drug has a narrow therapeutic index and, if not monitored regularly, can result in toxicity. Therefore, for lithium to be prescribed safely, clinicians must ensure that patients are well educated on lithium toxicity, its prevention, and symptom recognition. This article summarizes studies that investigated lithium education strategies to help promote the safe use of lithium. Methods: Four electronic databases were searched using key terms and subject headings. Reference lists of relevant papers were also reviewed. The search was limited to literature published in English, without year limits. Eligible studies examined lithium patient education and the impact on patients' knowledge of safe lithium use. Results: Of a total of 517 citations that were retrieved from the electronic database search, 12 were selected for inclusion in this review. Most of the studies included assessed the effect of lithium education on various aspects of patients' knowledge, including but not limited to, lithium toxicity. Of the studies assessing the correlation between lithium knowledge and lithium levels, most demonstrated a positive correlation between lithium knowledge and lithium levels that were more stable and within the higher end of the recommended therapeutic range. Conclusions: Studies evaluating lithium patient education and its effect on improving the safe use of lithium are limited. Nevertheless, this literature review highlights that lithium patient education is critical to promote its safe use.
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Rosa, Maria Inês, Geraldo Doneda Silva, Priscyla Waleska Targino de Azedo Simões, Meriene Viquetti Souza, Ana Paula Ronzani Panatto, Carla Sasso Simon, Kristian Madeira, and Lidia Rossi Medeiros. "The Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus in Ovarian Cancer: A Systematic Review." International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer 23, no. 3 (March 2013): 437–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/igc.0b013e318280f3e0.
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ObjectiveWe performed a systematic review and a meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in ovarian cancer.MethodsA comprehensive search of the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, CANCERLIT, LILACS, Grey literature and EMBASE was performed for articles published from January 1990 to March 2012. The following MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms were searched: “ovarian tumor” or “ovarian cancers” and “HPV” or “human papillomavirus.” Included were case-control and cross-sectional studies, prospective or retrospective, that evaluated clinical ovarian cancer and provided a clear description of the use of in situ hybridization, Southern blot hybridization, and polymerase chain reaction. The statistical analysis was performed using REVMAN 5.0.ResultsIn total, 24 primary studies were included in this meta-analysis. Studies from 11 countries on 3 continents contained data on HPV and ovarian cancer, including 889 subjects. Overall, the HPV prevalence in patients with ovarian cancer was 17.5 (95% confidence interval [CI], 15.0%–20.0%). Human papillomavirus prevalence ranged from 4.0% (95% CI, 1.7%–6.3%) in Europe to 31.4% (95% CI, 26.9%–35.9%) in Asia. An aggregate of 4 case-control studies from Asia showed an odds ratio of 2.48 (95% CI, 0.64–9.57).ConclusionsWe found a high prevalence of HPV-positive DNA in ovarian cancer cases, but the role of HPV in ovarian cancer remains inconclusive. Further studies are needed to control case to answer this question.
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Winkel, Abigail Ford, Sandra Yingling, Aubrie-Ann Jones, and Joey Nicholson. "Reflection as a Learning Tool in Graduate Medical Education: A Systematic Review." Journal of Graduate Medical Education 9, no. 4 (August 1, 2017): 430–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-16-00500.1.
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ABSTRACT Background Graduate medical education programs employ reflection to advance a range of outcomes for physicians in training. However, the most effective applications of this tool have not been fully explored. Objective A systematic review of the literature examined interventions reporting the use of reflection in graduate medical education. Methods The authors searched Medline/PubMed, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, and ERIC for studies of reflection as a teaching tool to develop medical trainees' capacities. Key words and subject headings included reflection, narrative, residents/GME, and education/teaching/learning. No language or date limits were applied. The search yielded 1308 citations between inception for each database and June 15, 2015. A total of 16 studies, encompassing 477 residents and fellows, met eligibility criteria. Study quality was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Qualitative Checklist. The authors conducted a thematic analysis of the 16 articles. Results Outcomes studied encompassed the impact of reflection on empathy, comfort with learning in complex situations, and engagement in the learning process. Reflection increased learning of complex subjects and deepened professional values. It appears to be an effective tool for improving attitudes and comfort when exploring difficult material. Limitations include that most studies had small samples, used volunteers, and did not measure behavioral outcomes. Conclusions Critical reflection is a tool that can amplify learning in residents and fellows. Added research is needed to understand how reflection can influence growth in professional capacities and patient-level outcomes in ways that can be measured.
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Mann, Baldeep K., Janpreet S. Bhandohal, Mohammad Saeed, and Gerald Pekler. "Beta Blocker Therapy in Heart Failure Patients with Active Cocaine Use: A Systematic Review." Cardiology Research and Practice 2020 (May 8, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1985379.
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Background. Cocaine use is associated with multiple cardiovascular complications including heart failure. The use of different types of beta blockers in heart failure patients with active cocaine use is still a matter of debate. In this review, our objective is to systematically review the available literature regarding the use of beta blockers in the treatment of heart failure patients with concurrent cocaine use. Methods. PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Clinical Trials.gov were searched from inception to March 2019 using the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms “cocaine”, “heart failure”, “beta blocker,” and “cardiomyopathy”. Only studies containing the outcomes of heart failure patients with active cocaine use who were treated with beta blockers were included. Results. The search resulted in 2072 articles out of which 12 were finally included in the review. A total number of participants were 1994 with a median sample size of 111. Most of the studies were retrospective in nature with Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (OCEBM) Levels of Evidence from 3 to 5. The main primary outcomes included readmission rates, mortality, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) improvement, New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class, and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). In the studies analyzed, beta blockers were found to have either a beneficial or a neutral effect on primary outcomes in heart failure patients with active cocaine use. Conclusion. The use of beta blocker therapy appears to be safe and beneficial in heart failure patients with active cocaine use, although the evidence is not robust. Furthermore, large-scale studies are required to confirm this finding.
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Beamish, Nicola, Jane Fisher, and Heather Rowe. "Parents’ use of mobile computing devices, caregiving and the social and emotional development of children: a systematic review of the evidence." Australasian Psychiatry 27, no. 2 (September 20, 2018): 132–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1039856218789764.
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Objectives: Mobile device use is a rapidly growing, socially acceptable interactional habit. The impact of mobile device use on social interactions, including between parents and young children, is uncertain. The aim was to describe, synthesise and evaluate the evidence about parents’ mobile device use, caregiving and children’s social and emotional development. Methods: Seven medical and social sciences databases were searched using keywords and subject headings. Screening for eligibility used PRISMA guidelines and scientific and reporting quality were assessed with standardised checklists. Results: Eight studies met the inclusion criteria (four surveys, three qualitative and one mixed-method investigation). This small group of studies is of diverse quality, but there is evidence of associations between parents’ mobile device use, attention to caregiving and changes in child behaviour. Use of mobile devices during parenting activities may be infrequent and brief, but it can be a potent distraction that reduces caregiver responsiveness to children. Conclusions: An emerging body of research suggests mobile devices are associated with altered attention and responsivity to children by their caregivers and may change caregiver/child interactions. The evidence precludes questions about causality or discussion of impacts on child development. Knowledge gaps have been identified and they require future targeted research.
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MACKENZIE, K., and W. HEMMINGSEN. "Parasites as biological tags in marine fisheries research: European Atlantic waters." Parasitology 142, no. 1 (April 10, 2014): 54–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182014000341.
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SUMMARYStudies of the use of parasites as biological tags for stock identification and to follow migrations of marine fish, mammals and invertebrates in European Atlantic waters are critically reviewed and evaluated. The region covered includes the North, Baltic, Barents and White Seas plus Icelandic waters, but excludes the Mediterranean and Black Seas. Each fish species or ecological group of species is treated separately. More parasite tag studies have been carried out on Atlantic herring Clupea harengus than on any other species, while cod Gadus morhua have also been the subject of many studies. Other species that have been the subjects of more than one study are: blue whiting Micromesistius poutassou, whiting Merlangius merlangus, haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus, Norway pout Trisopterus esmarkii, horse mackerel Trachurus trachurus and mackerel Scomber scombrus. Other species are dealt with under the general headings redfishes, flatfish, tunas, anadromous fish, elasmobranchs, marine mammals and invertebrates. A final section highlights how parasites can be, and have been, misused as biological tags, and how this can be avoided. It also reviews recent developments in methodology and parasite genetics, considers the potential effects of climate change on the distributions of both hosts and parasites, and suggests host-parasite systems that should reward further research.
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Latif, Z., and D. Nerval. "Use of sarcosine to augment treatment of schizophrenia- review of evidence." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 1430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73135-2.
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IntroductionA growing number‘of patients with schizophrenia are using complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) interventions. In this paper, we review the published scientific evidence on the benefits and risks of a natural supplement Sarcosine in patients with schizophrenia. Sarcosine, also known as N-methylglycine, is thought to modulate N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) function through the glycine modulator. It has been investigated as a putative adjunct therapy for a wide variety of disorders ranging from schizophrenia to prostate cancer.Methods and MaterialsWe performed a comprehensive review of schizophrenia literature, focusing on complementary and alternative approached for augmentation treatment. We identified studies published from 01/1985 through 12/ 2010, by searching the PsycINFO, MEDLINE and CURRENT CONTENTS using the medical subject headings sarcosine, schizophrenia, complementary and alternative therapies and N-methylglycine. We found 6 randomized trials for use NMDA-glycine site agonists or glycine transporter-1 inhibitors. Inclusion criteria included randomized assignment, comparison with placebo and use of standardized outcome measures (PANS). The results are summarized in Table 1.ConclusionsOverall the limited current evidence suggests that intake of 2 g/day sarcosine as adjunctive therapy to certain antipsychotic medication in schizophrenia may have additional benefits on both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Sarcosine had been tolerated well with no notable side effects in excess of the placebo therapy.Unfortunately most of these studies are small and the routine use of Sarcosine in schizophrenia cannot be recommended without further evidence. In the meantime, patients need to be informed about the possible risks associated with the use of these interventions.
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Kim, Jungjin, Ayman Fareed, Bethany Ketchen, Woo Jin Kwak, Danzhao Wang, Hilaire Shongo-Hiango, and Karen Drexler. "146 Effect of Heroin Use on Changes of Brain Functions as Measured by fMRI, a Systematic Review." CNS Spectrums 23, no. 1 (February 2018): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s109285291800041x.
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AbstractIn this study the authors focus on reviewing imaging studies that used resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging for individuals with a history of heroin use. This review study compiled existing research addressing the effect of heroin use on decision making by reviewing available functional neuroimaging data. Systematic review ofthe literatures using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist. Eligible articles were retrieved through a computer-based MEDLINE and PsycINFO search from 1960 to December 2015 using the major medical subject headings “heroin, fMRI” (all fields). Only English language was included. Thirty-seven articles were initially included in the review. Sixteen were excluded because they did not meet the inclusion criteria. The results of 21 articles that met all the inclusion criteria were presented. Based on the 21 studies included in the current review, there is evidence that heroin use may have a direct and damaging effect on certain brain functions and that these changes may be associated with impulsive and unhealthy decision making. From the review of these studies, the authors understand that a longer duration of heroinuse may be associated with more damaging effects on brain functions. The authors also understand that these brain changes could last long after abstinence, which may increase the risk of relapse to heroin use. More research is needed to create a biomarker map for patients with heroin use disorder that can be used to guide and assess response to treatment.Funding AcknowledgementsNo funding.
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Wilson, Janet, Peter Tanuseputro, Daniel T. Myran, Shan Dhaliwal, Junayd Hussain, Patrick Tang, Salmi Noor, Rhiannon L. Roberts, Marco Solmi, and Manish M. Sood. "Characterization of Problematic Alcohol Use Among Physicians: A Systematic Review." JAMA Network Open 5, no. 12 (December 9, 2022): e2244679. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.44679.
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ImportanceProblematic alcohol use in physicians poses a serious concern to physicians' health and their ability to provide care. Understanding the extent and characteristics of physicians with problematic alcohol use will help inform interventions.ObjectiveTo estimate the extent of problematic alcohol use in physicians and how it differs by physician sex, age, medical specialty, and career stage (eg, residency vs practicing physician).Evidence ReviewPreferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) 2020-compliant systematic review, searching Medline, Embase, and PsychInfo from January 2006 to March 2020. Search terms included Medical Subject Headings terms and keywords related to physicians as the population and problematic alcohol use as the primary outcome. The quality of studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. We included articles where problematic alcohol use was measured by a validated tool (ie, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test [AUDIT], AUDIT Version C [AUDIT-C], or CAGE [Cut down, Annoyed, Guilty, and Eye-opener] questionnaire) in practicing physicians (ie, residents, fellows, or staff physicians).FindingsThirty-one studies involving 51 680 participants in 17 countries published between January 2006 and March 2020 were included. All study designs were cross-sectional, self-reported surveys. Problematic alcohol use varied widely regardless of measurement method (0 to 34% with AUDIT; 9% to 35% with AUDIT-C; 4% to 22% with CAGE). Reported problematic alcohol use increased over time from 16.3% in 2006 to 2010 to 26.8% in 2017 to 2020. The extent of problematic use by sex was examined in 19 studies, by age in 12 studies, by specialty in 7 studies, and by career stage in 5 studies. Seven of 19 studies (37%) identified that problematic alcohol use was more common in males than females. Based on the wide heterogeneity of methods for included studies, limited conclusions can be made on how problematic alcohol use varies based on physician age, sex, specialty, and career stage.Conclusions and RelevanceStudies about problematic alcohol use in physicians demonstrate a high degree of heterogeneity in terms of methods of measurement, definitions for problematic alcohol use, and cohorts assessed. Most studies are primarily self-reported, precluding the ability to determine the true prevalence among the profession. Few studies provide relevant comparisons to aid in identifying key risk groups for targeted interventions.
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Bouti, Khalid, Rajae Borki, Hicham Fenane, and Laila Harrak. "Cannabis Smoking And Risk Of Lung Cancer - A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis." International Journal of Medicine and Surgery 1, no. 2 (December 21, 2014): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15342/ijms.v1i2.57.
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Background: Cannabis is the illicit psychoactive substance the most consumed in the world. Little is known about the association between the use of cannabis and the risk of lung cancer. Objective:The objective of this meta-analysis is to determine whether use of cannabis is a risk factor for lung cancer. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analyses of all languages articles using relevant computerised databases. MEDLINE (online PubMed), Web of knowledge, Embase, EBSCO CINAHL, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Directory of Open Access Journals were searched to September 2014 for cohorts and case-control studies that assessed the risk of lung cancer associated with cannabis smoking. The literature search was performed with a combination of medical subject headings terms, "cannabis" and "lung neoplasms". Data extraction: Two investigators independently analysed and extracted results from eligible studies. Our study's registration number on PROSPERO is CRD42014008872. Results: The search strategy identified 2476 citations. 13 studies were eligible for inclusion: 2 pooled analysis of 9 case-control studies, one case-control study and 3 cohorts. The cumulative analysis for all the studies under a fixed-effects model showed that cannabis smoking determined an increased risk of developing lung cancer in the future (relative risk 1.22, 95% confidence interval 0.999–1.5; p=0.051), with no evidence of heterogeneity across the studies (I2: 34%; p¼0.01). Conclusions: The use of cannabis with or without tobacco smoking is associated with an increased risk for lung cancer
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Rajaram, Akshay, Zachary Hickey, Nimesh Patel, Joseph Newbigging, and Brent Wolfrom. "Training medical students and residents in the use of electronic health records: a systematic review of the literature." Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 27, no. 1 (October 8, 2019): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocz178.
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Abstract Objective Our objectives were to identify educational interventions designed to equip medical students or residents with knowledge or skills related to various uses of electronic health records (EHRs), summarize and synthesize the results of formal evaluations of these initiatives, and compare the aims of these initiatives with the prescribed EHR-specific competencies for undergraduate and postgraduate medical education. Materials and Methods We conducted a systematic review of the literature following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses) guidelines. We searched for English-language, peer-reviewed studies across 6 databases using a combination of Medical Subject Headings and keywords. We summarized the quantitative and qualitative results of included studies and rated studies according to the Best Evidence in Medical Education system. Results Our search yielded 619 citations, of which 11 studies were included. Seven studies involved medical students, 3 studies involved residents, and 1 study involved both groups. All interventions used a practical component involving entering information into a simulated or prototypical EHR. None of the interventions involved extracting, aggregating, or visualizing clinical data for panels of patients or specific populations. Discussion This review reveals few high-quality initiatives focused on training learners to engage with EHRs for both individual patient care and population health improvement. In comparing these interventions with the broad set of electronic records competencies expected of matriculating physicians, critical gaps in undergraduate and postgraduate medical education remain. Conclusions With the increasing adoption of EHRs and rise of competency-based medical education, educators should address the gaps in the training of future physicians to better prepare them to provide high quality care for their patients and communities.
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Moran, Jonathan, Grainne Kelly, Ciarán Haberlin, David Mockler, and Julie Broderick. "The use of eHealth to promote physical activity in patients with mental health conditions: a systematic review." HRB Open Research 1 (February 28, 2018): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/hrbopenres.12796.1.
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Background: Achieving adequate amounts of physical activity (PA) confers important physical and mental health benefits. Despite this, individuals with mental health conditions often do not meet recommended levels of PA. eHealth, the delivery of health information through internet and mobile technologies, is an emerging concept in healthcare which presents opportunities to improve PA in people with mental conditions. The aim of this systematic review is to explore if eHealth interventions increase PA levels among individuals with mental health conditions. Methods: Databases searched included OVID Medline, EMBASE, PsychInfo and Web of Science using a combination of key-words and medical subject headings. Articles were included if they described an eHealth intervention designed to improve PA in individuals with mental health conditions. Two reviewers screened articles for inclusion. Results: In total 2,994 articles were identified. Seven studies met the eligibility criteria. A variety of eHealth platforms designed to increase PA were described in these studies; web-based (n=4), web and mobile application (n=3) and e-mail-based (n=1), one study used both a web-based and mobile application. Three studies reported eHealth intervention significantly increased PA levels. Four studies reported that higher levels of PA resulted in improvements in mental health outcomes. Conclusion: eHealth interventions may be an innovative low cost method to increase PA levels which may have knock-on effects on mental health outcomes. Although some of the included studies in this review demonstrated promising results, methodological restrictions and potential biases from using subjective measures of PA limit the interpretability of these results. Future research should evaluate this nascent technology using well designed trials.
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Anjewierden, Scott, Zheyi Han, Charles B. Foster, Chaitanya Pant, and Abhishek Deshpande. "Risk factors for Clostridium difficile infection in pediatric inpatients: A meta-analysis and systematic review." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 40, no. 4 (March 7, 2019): 420–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2019.23.
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AbstractObjective:To summarize risk factors for Clostridioides (formerly Clostridium) difficile infection (CDI) in hospitalized pediatric patients as determined by previous observational studies.Design:Meta-analysis and systematic review.Patients:Studies evaluating risk factors for CDI in pediatric inpatients were eligible for inclusion.Method:We systematically searched MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, and EMBASE for subject headings and text words related to CDI and pediatrics from 1975 to 2017. Two of the investigators independently screened studies, extracted and compiled data, assessed study quality, and performed the meta-analysis.Results:Of the 2,033 articles screened, 14 studies reporting 10,531,669 children met the inclusion criteria. Prior antibiotic exposure (odds ratio [OR], 2.14; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.31–3.52) and proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use (OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.07–1.64) were associated with an increased risk of CDI in children. Subgroup analyses using studies reporting only adjusted results suggested that prior antibiotic exposure is not a significant risk factor for CDI. H2 receptor antagonist (H2RA) use (OR, 1.36; 95% CI, 0.31–5.98) and that female gender (OR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.74–1.03) did not play a significant role as a risk factor for developing CDI.Conclusion:Prior antibiotic exposure appears to be an important risk factor for CDI based on the combined analysis but not significant using adjusted studies. PPI use was associated with an increased risk of CDI. Judicious and appropriate use of antibiotics and PPIs may help reduce the risk of CDI in this vulnerable population.
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Sass, Nelson, Caroline Harumi Itamoto, Marina Pereira Silva, Maria Regina Torloni, and Álvaro Nagib Atallah. "Does sodium nitroprusside kill babies? A systematic review." Sao Paulo Medical Journal 125, no. 2 (March 1, 2007): 108–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-31802007000200008.
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OBJECTIVE: To determine whether sodium nitroprusside causes fetal death in pregnancies complicated with hypertension. DATA SOURCES: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE; 1996 to 2003), Excerpta Medica (EMBASE; 1970 to 2003), Web of Science/Institute for Scientific Information (ISI; 1945 to 2003), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS; 1982 to 2003) and the Cochrane Library. REVIEW METHODS: The medical subject headings used were "nitroprusside and pregnancy", "hypertension or eclampsia or preeclampsia" and "nitroprusside and pregnancy and hypertensive emergencies". The search was limited to humans and female gender, in all fields, publication types, languages and subsets. Articles were also identified by reviewing the references of articles and textbooks on hypertension and pregnancy. RESULTS: The search located nine studies. The sum of all the publications yielded a total of 22 patients and 24 exposed fetuses (two pairs of twins). There were no randomized clinical trials and no prospective cohorts. All of the studies were observational in nature. CONCLUSIONS: At present, there is insufficient evidence for definitive conclusions about any direct association between sodium nitroprusside use and fetal demise.
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Kasparov, Boris, Tatiana Semiglazova, Kovlen Denis, Ponomarenko Gennady, Valeriya Kluge, Anton Krutov, Margarita Zernova, et al. "Physical methods of rehabilitation (PMR) in patients with lung cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2019): e23189-e23189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.e23189.
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e23189 Key words: physical therapy, rehabilitation, lung cancer. Background: The strategy of searching evidences for using rehabilitation technologies in patients with lung cancer (LC) is based on scientometric analysis. Methods: Since 1991 to 2018 analysis of 249682 studies was performed. It was completed by using PICO(T) technologies in databases such as PEDro, PubMed, E-library and Cochrane Library. Medical subject headings (lung cancer, rehabilitation, physical therapy, etc) were used to search the information in international databases. The trials were rated by PEDro scale including 10 points of evidence level : randomization, endpoint evaluation, blinding and etc. Results: Almost 55.9% of studies showed the level from 4 to 8 points on the PEDro scale and were verified by distribution profile. One trial had 9 points (0,8 %). Recommended evidence-based use of PRM technology in the rehabilitation of patients with LC (table): Conclusions: This results will form the base of clinical guidelines of new evidence-based Development of Patient Rehabilitation of patients with LC in Russian Federation.[Table: see text]
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Tajchman, Sharla, Brooke Lawler, Nathan Spence, Saira Haque, Yuri Quintana, and Mohammad Ateya. "Implementation and Use of Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategies Programs in Practice: A Scoping Review of the Literature." Applied Clinical Informatics 13, no. 05 (October 2022): 1151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1758838.
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Abstract Background Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) programs intend to improve medication safety but can add significant administrative burdens to providers and health systems. Various stakeholders have made efforts to use technology to improve REMS programs. Objectives The objective of this scoping review is to describe studies evaluating workflows, automation, or electronic data exchange related to REMS programs. Methods A literature search of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science was performed for articles published between January 2007 and July 2021. Studies were identified using the relevant Medical Subject Headings terms and related keywords. Articles must have described a workflow change and measured the impact of the workflow change. Results Of 299 citations initially identified, 7 were included in the final review after removing duplicates and articles not meeting predefined inclusion criteria. Included studies consisted of three manuscripts and four conference abstracts. Electronic health record interventions, such as customized order sets and clinical decision support alerts, were the most common strategy reported. Other strategies included developing a portal to verify REMS enrollment, requiring prescribers to contact the dispensing pharmacy, provider education, and restrictions based on the provider specialty. One study evaluated automated data exchange for REMS program processes in a mock environment. Although only three studies reported baseline metrics for comparison, all studies noted an improvement or benefit to the implemented workflow process changes. Conclusion There is limited evidence describing REMS workflows, automation, and electronic data exchange. Various strategies to address REMS program requirements were reported, but no studies described the use of data exchange standards in a real-world setting despite efforts by the Food and Drug Administration and other stakeholders. Additional efforts are needed to automate REMS programs.
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Gushul, Yulia V. "Tools for Describing the Communicative Space of Scientific Schools." Observatory of Culture 18, no. 5 (October 29, 2021): 520–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/2072-3156-2021-18-5-520-530.
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To manage research activities, it is necessary to develop up-to-date tools that allow to quickly and efficiently assess the effectiveness of the scientific space functioning. Contradictions between the new industry of scientific communication and traditional forms of preserving and multiplying intellectual capital have become more acute, new points of interaction between the institutional structures of science (scientific schools, “invisible colleges”, expert and experimental (real and virtual) laboratories, etc.) have appeared. The concepts of the cultural codes of representation and translation of the subjects (individual and collective) of scientific communication have changed, and there is a need to update the requirements for the culture of their identification and positioning in the age of digital technologies. A scientific school is a multi-purpose collective that simultaneously implements the functions of production, dissemination, protection of scientific knowledge and reproduction of scientists. The cultural traditions of its functioning, as well as the cultural norms of institutionalization, are being transformed.On the material of bibliographic description of the genesis and development of the cultural studies school of the Southern Urals (centered in the Chelyabinsk State Institute of Culture), the article shows opportunities for scientometric and informational analyses. The author offers to discuss and use two bibliographic publications (the catalog of the scientific school and the bibliographic navigator, which include information about research topics, successful scholars, scientific leaders, postgraduate students and applicants, opponents, leading organizations of the communicative field of cultural studies of the Southern Urals), as well as cultural researchers’ landmark publications, innovatively identified by the method of introspection. The publications are reviewed as tools in the system of cultural studies of the scientific school positioning.The article draws conclusions based on the study and comparison of the configurations of connections between persons (academic advisor, postgraduate student, opponent), leading organizations and scientific leaders and their geolocation, subject headings: “applicant — academic advisor — opponent”, “subject heading/topic — leading organization — opponent, specialty number”, etc. These connections are individual for the related concepts: “management — coordination”, “interpretation of a communicative challenge — adequacy of a communicative response”, “practical meaning — purpose of communication”. These areas of analysis of the scientific school functioning provide a vision of the scientific interaction communicative fields’ intersection, the increment and examination of scientific knowledge, the basis for making managerial decisions to organize science.
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Vest, Tyler A., Nicholas P. Gazda, Daniel P. O’Neil, Daniel H. Schenkat, and Stephen F. Eckel. "Practice-enhancing publications about the medication-use process in 2020." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 79, no. 4 (November 10, 2021): 244–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/zxab428.
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Abstract Purpose This article identifies, prioritizes, and summarizes published literature on the medication-use process (MUP) from calendar year 2020 that can impact health-system pharmacy daily practice. Summary The MUP is the foundational system that provides the framework for safe medication utilization within the healthcare environment. The MUP is defined in this article as having the following components: prescribing/transcribing, dispensing, administration, and monitoring. Articles evaluating at least one step of the MUP were assessed for their usefulness in practice improvement. A PubMed search for articles published in calendar year 2020 was conducted in January 2021 using targeted Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) keywords, and the table of contents of selected pharmacy journals was searched, providing a total of 9,433 articles. A thorough review identified 49 potentially practice-enhancing articles: 15 for prescribing/transcribing, 10 for dispensing, 6 for administration, and 18 for monitoring. Ranking of the articles for importance by peers led to the selection of key articles from each category. The highest-ranked articles are briefly summarized, with a mention of why they are important within health-system pharmacy. The other articles are listed for further review and evaluation. Conclusion It is important to routinely review the published literature and to incorporate significant findings into daily practice. This article assists in identifying and summarizing the most impactful recently published literature. Health-system pharmacists have an active role in improving the MUP in their institution, and awareness of the moist significant published studies can assist in changing practice at the institutional level.
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Vest, Tyler A., Nicholas P. Gazda, Daniel H. Schenkat, and Stephen F. Eckel. "Practice-enhancing publications about the medication-use process in 2018." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 77, no. 10 (May 7, 2020): 759–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/zxaa057.
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Abstract Purpose This article identifies, prioritizes, and summarizes published literature on the medication-use process (MUP) from calendar year 2018 that can impact health-system pharmacy daily practice. The MUP is the foundational system that provides the framework for safe medication utilization within the healthcare environment. The MUP is defined in this article as having the following steps: prescribing/transcribing, dispensing, administration, and monitoring. Articles that evaluated one of the steps were gauged for their usefulness toward daily practice change. Summary A PubMed search was conducted in February 2019 for articles published in calendar year 2018 using targeted Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) keywords, targeted non-MeSH keywords, and the table of contents of selected pharmacy journals, providing a total of 43,977 articles. A thorough review identified 62 potentially significant articles: 9 for prescribing/transcribing, 12 for dispensing, 13 for administration, and 28 for monitoring. Ranking of the articles for importance by peers led to the selection of key articles from each category. The highest-ranked articles are briefly summarized, with a mention of why they are important within health-system pharmacy. The other articles are listed for further review and evaluation. Conclusion It is important to routinely review the published literature and to incorporate significant findings into daily practice. This article assists in identifying and summarizing recent impactful contributions to the MUP literature. Health-system pharmacists have an active role in improving the MUP in their institution, and awareness of significant published studies can assist in changing practice at the institutional level.
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Vest, Tyler A., Nicholas P. Gazda, Daniel H. Schenkat, and Stephen F. Eckel. "Practice-enhancing publications about the medication-use process in 2019." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 78, no. 2 (October 29, 2020): 141–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/zxaa355.
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Abstract Purpose This article identifies, prioritizes, and summarizes published literature on the medication-use process (MUP) from calendar year 2019 that can impact health-system pharmacy daily practice. The MUP is the foundational system that provides the framework for safe medication utilization within the healthcare environment. The MUP is defined in this article as having the following components: prescribing/transcribing, dispensing, administration, and monitoring. Articles that evaluated one of the steps were gauged for their usefulness in promoting daily practice change. Summary A PubMed search was conducted in January 2020 for calendar year 2019 using targeted Medical Subject Headings keywords; in addition, searches of the table of contents of selected pharmacy journals were conducted. A total of 4,317 articles were identified. A thorough review identified 66 potentially practice-enhancing articles: 17 for prescribing/transcribing, 17 for dispensing, 7 for administration, and 25 for monitoring. Ranking of the articles for importance by peers led to the selection of key articles from each category. The highest-ranked articles are briefly summarized, with a mention of why each article is important within health-system pharmacy. The other articles are listed for further review and evaluation. Conclusion It is important to routinely review the published literature and to incorporate significant findings into daily practice; this article assists in identifying and summarizing the most impactful recently published literature in this area. Health-system pharmacists have an active role in improving the MUP in their institution, and awareness of the significant published studies can assist in changing practice at the institutional level.
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Madrid Troconis, Cristhian Camilo, and Samantha Molina Pérez. "Bond strength of self-adhesive flowable resin composites to tooth structure." Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences 20 (April 16, 2021): e213641. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/bjos.v20i00.8663641.
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Aim: To review the current literature regarding the bond strength of self-adhesive flowable resin composites (SAFRCs) to tooth structure, comparing the outcomes with conventional flowable resin composites (CFRCs). Methods: PubMed/Medline, EbscoHost and Scopus databases were screened (last update on November 2020) using related Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and free terms. We included in vitro studies published in English language comparing the bond strength of SAFRCs and CFRCs to enamel and/or dentin from primary and/or permanent teeth. Results: In total, 23 articles were included. Unlike CFRCs, SAFRCs such as Vertise® Flow and Fusio™ Liquid Dentin exhibited statistically lower bond strength to enamel and dentin from permanent teeth. There were limited studies comparing the enamel bond strength of CFRCs and SAFRCs (prior phosphoric acid etching and/or adhesive system use). Also, we found few studies that evaluated the bonding effectiveness of Constic® and other SAFRCs to primary teeth. Conclusions: Current SAFRCs showed low bond strength to permanent teeth, which impedes to recommend them as a reliable alternative to CFRCs. The bonding performance of Constic® on both hard dental tissues should be evaluated on future studies. Also, more evidence assessing the bond strength of SAFRCs to primary teeth and etched enamel is needed.
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Moran, Jonathan, Grainne Kelly, Ciarán Haberlin, David Mockler, and Julie Broderick. "The use of eHealth to promote physical activity in people with mental health conditions: a systematic review." HRB Open Research 1 (June 18, 2018): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/hrbopenres.12796.2.
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Background: Achieving adequate amounts of physical activity (PA) confers important physical and mental health benefits. Despite this, people with mental health conditions often do not meet recommended levels of PA. eHealth, the delivery of health information through internet and mobile technologies, is an emerging concept in healthcare which presents opportunities to improve PA. The aim of this systematic review is to describe the use of eHealth to increase or monitor PA levels in people with mental health conditions. Methods: Databases searched included OVID Medline, EMBASE, PsychInfo and Web of Science using a combination of key-words and medical subject headings. Articles were included if they described an eHealth technology designed to improve or monitor PA in people with mental health conditions. Two reviewers screened articles. Articles included in the qualitative synthesis were screened for risk of bias using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for experimental studies and Downs and Black Checklist for non-experimental studies. Results: Seven studies met the eligibility criteria. A variety of eHealth platforms designed to promote or monitor PA were described in these studies; web-based (n=4), web and mobile application (n=3) and e-mail-based (n=1), one study used both a web-based and mobile application. Three studies reported eHealth interventions significantly increased PA levels, however it is unclear if eHealth interventions are superior at promoting PA compared to conventional interventions. Four studies reported that higher levels of PA, measured using eHealth, were associated with better mental health profiles. Conclusion: eHealth interventions may be an innovative low-cost method to increase PA levels which may have knock-on effects on mental health outcomes. Although some of the included studies in this review demonstrated promising results, methodological restrictions and potential biases from using subjective measures of PA limit the interpretability of these results. Future research should evaluate this promising technology using well-designed trials.
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Moran, Jonathan, Grainne Kelly, Ciarán Haberlin, David Mockler, and Julie Broderick. "The use of eHealth to promote physical activity in people with mental health conditions: a systematic review." HRB Open Research 1 (August 10, 2018): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/hrbopenres.12796.3.
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Background: Achieving adequate amounts of physical activity (PA) confers important physical and mental health benefits. Despite this, people with mental health conditions often do not meet recommended levels of PA. eHealth, the delivery of health information through internet and mobile technologies, is an emerging concept in healthcare which presents opportunities to improve PA. The aim of this systematic review is to describe the use of eHealth to increase or monitor PA levels in people with mental health conditions. Methods: Databases searched included OVID Medline, EMBASE, PsychInfo and Web of Science using a combination of key-words and medical subject headings. Articles were included if they described an eHealth technology designed to improve or monitor PA in people with mental health conditions. Two reviewers screened articles. Articles included in the qualitative synthesis were screened for risk of bias using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for experimental studies and Downs and Black Checklist for non-experimental studies. Results: Seven studies met the eligibility criteria. A variety of eHealth platforms designed to promote or monitor PA were described in these studies; web-based (n=4), web and mobile application (n=3) and e-mail-based (n=1), one study used both a web-based and mobile application. Three studies reported eHealth interventions significantly increased PA levels, however it is unclear if eHealth interventions are superior at promoting PA compared to conventional interventions. Four studies reported that higher levels of PA, measured using eHealth, were associated with better mental health profiles. Conclusion: eHealth interventions may be an innovative low-cost method to increase PA levels which may have knock-on effects on mental health outcomes. Although some of the included studies in this review demonstrated promising results, methodological restrictions and potential biases from using subjective measures of PA limit the interpretability of these results. Future research should evaluate this promising technology using well-designed trials.
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Broder, Michael S., Claudio Faria, Annette Powers, Jehangeer Sunderji, and Dasha Cherepanov. "A systematic literature review of the impact of 5-HT3RA use on health care utilization in patients with chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in the United States." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 31_suppl (November 1, 2013): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.31_suppl.269.
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269 Background: Uncontrolled chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) can lead to nutrient depletion, diminished function, disruption of chemotherapy, and increased costs. Standard antiemetic therapy includes 5-HT3RAs for CINV prophylaxis, with palonosetron recommended in National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN), Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC), and ASCO guidelines as the preferred 5-HT3RA for CINV prophylaxis with MEC. There is evidence that using 5-HT3RAs can reduce costs but no comprehensive review of the evidence is available. Methods: We searched MEDLINE, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (CRD databases, 4 conferences (Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy, ASCO, International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research, MASCC), and bibliographies of included articles. We queried Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and key terms: “ondansetron,” “granisetron,” “palonosetron,” “dolasetron mesylate,” “costs,” “cost analysis,” and “economics.” Included records reported data on cost/utilization (rescue medication, outpatient/inpatient services) related to 5-HT3RA use for CINV in English, in human subjects, and published after 1997. Results: Of the 433 identified records, the 16 reporting utilization in the US were reviewed (excluded: 29 duplicates, 388 off-topic records). Studies varied significantly in designs, patients, 5-HT3RA regimens, and definition of outcomes. Twelve studies reported rescue medication use for CINV in patients using different 5-HT3RAs. In 5 studies, fewer patients treated with palonosetron required rescue medication versus ondansetron users (56% vs. 61%, 28% vs. 83%, 14% vs. 24%, 8% vs. 11%, 6% vs. 11%); 2 studies found palonosetron users had fewer outpatient services versus ondansetron users (5% vs. 10%, 8% vs. 10%). Four studies, with a variety of patients and outcomes, reported fewer patients treated with palonosetron versus ondansetron or other 5-HT3RAs used inpatient care (e.g., 0.2% vs. 0.4%, 16% vs. 23%, 7% vs. 10%, 0% vs. 5%), while 2 studies reported similar use (1% vs. 1%, 0% vs. 0%). Conclusions: CINV prophylaxis with palonosetron is generally associated with lower use of rescue medications, outpatient and inpatient services compared to ondansetron or other 5-HT3RAs. Use of palonosetron as a standard treatment may lead to reduced utilization of rescue medications and healthcare services for CINV and subsequent cost savings.
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Cowart, Kevin. "A Review of the First Long-term Implantable Continuous Glucose Monitoring System Available in the United States." Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology 15, no. 1 (December 13, 2019): 160–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1932296819890865.
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Background: Although real-time continuous glucose monitoring (rtCGM) has been shown to improve glycemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with insulin, rates of adoption have been low. A novel approach, with the use of a long-term implantable continuous glucose monitoring (LTI CGM) has the potential to overcome barriers to rtCGM. The purpose of this review is to provide a background on the first LTI CGM technology to be approved, along with a review of contraindications, interference, safety, accuracy, and efficacy. Considerations for patient selection are discussed based on the available evidence. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were searched for keywords and subject headings to identify studies assessing LTI CGM. Results: Seven studies were identified which assessed LTI CGM. Mean absolute relative difference is similar to available CGM devices. Rates of adverse events were low. Change in hemoglobin A1c with LTI CGM may be comparable to rtCGM. Conclusions: Based on the available evidence, LTI CGM appears to be safe and accurate. Additional clinical trial investigation is warranted to evaluate the glycemic efficacy of LTI CGM.
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Wang, Xuezong, Songpu Wei, Ting Liu, Jian Pang, Ningyang Gao, Daofang Ding, Tieli Duan, Yuelong Cao, Yuxin Zheng, and Hongsheng Zhan. "Effectiveness, Medication Patterns, and Adverse Events of Traditional Chinese Herbal Patches for Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2014 (2014): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/343176.
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Objective. The aim of this study is to systematically evaluate the evidence whether traditional Chinese herbal patches (TCHPs) for osteoarthritis (OA) are effective and safe and analyze their medication patterns.Methods. A systematic literature search was performed using all the possible Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and keywords from January 1979 to July 2013. Both randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies were included. Estimated effects were analyzed using mean difference (MD) or relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and meta-analysis.Results. 86 kinds of TCHPs were identified. RCTs and controlled clinical trials (CCTs) which were mostly of low quality favored TCHPs for local pain and dysfunction relief. TCHPs, compared with diclofenac ointment, had significant effects on global effectiveness rate (RR = 0.50; 95% CI (0.29, 0.87)). Components of formulae were mainly based on the compounds “Xiao Huo Luo Dan” (Minor collateral-freeing pill) and “Du Huo Ji Sheng Tang” (Angelicae PubescentisandLoranthidecoction). Ten kinds of adverse events (AEs), mainly consisting of itching and/or local skin rashes, were identified after 3-4 weeks of follow-up.Conclusions. TCHPs have certain evidence in improving global effectiveness rate for OA; however, more rigorous studies are warranted to support their use.
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Qamer, Shafqat, Muhammad Hibatullah Romli, Fahrudin Che-Hamzah, Norashiqin Misni, Narcisse M. S. Joseph, Nagi A. AL-Haj, and Syafinaz Amin-Nordin. "Systematic Review on Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and Antibacterial Activities: Application and Theoretical Perspectives." Molecules 26, no. 16 (August 20, 2021): 5057. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26165057.
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The biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles and the antibacterial activities has provided enormous data on populations, geographical areas, and experiments with bio silver nanoparticles’ antibacterial operation. Several peer-reviewed publications have discussed various aspects of this subject field over the last generation. However, there is an absence of a detailed and structured framework that can represent the research domain on this topic. This paper attempts to evaluate current articles mainly on the biosynthesis of nanoparticles or antibacterial activities utilizing the scientific methodology of big data analytics. A comprehensive study was done using multiple databases—Medline, Scopus, and Web of Sciences through PRISMA (i.e., Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). The keywords used included ‘biosynthesis silver nano particles’ OR ‘silver nanoparticles’ OR ‘biosynthesis’ AND ‘antibacterial behavior’ OR ‘anti-microbial opposition’ AND ‘systematic analysis,’ by using MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms, Boolean operator’s parenthesis, or truncations as required. Since their effectiveness is dependent on particle size or initial concentration, it necessitates more research. Understanding the field of silver nanoparticle biosynthesis and antibacterial activity in Gulf areas and most Asian countries also necessitates its use of human-generated data. Furthermore, the need for this work has been highlighted by the lack of predictive modeling in this field and a need to combine specific domain expertise. Studies eligible for such a review were determined by certain inclusion and exclusion criteria. This study contributes to the existence of theoretical and analytical studies in this domain. After testing as per inclusion criteria, seven in vitro studies were selected out of 28 studies. Findings reveal that silver nanoparticles have different degrees of antimicrobial activity based on numerous factors. Limitations of the study include studies with low to moderate risks of bias and antimicrobial effects of silver nanoparticles. The study also reveals the possible use of silver nanoparticles as antibacterial irrigants using various methods, including a qualitative evaluation of knowledge and a comprehensive collection and interpretation of scientific studies.
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Cates, Marshall, Kim Lusk, and Barbara G. Wells. "Are Calcium-Channel Blockers Effective in the Treatment of Tardive Dyskinesia?" Annals of Pharmacotherapy 27, no. 2 (February 1993): 191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002809302700214.
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Objective To review the data describing the use of calcium-channel blockers in the treatment of tardive dyskinesia (TD). Data Sources A MEDLINE search of the English-language literature and a bibliographic review of pertinent articles examining the use of calcium-channel blockers in the treatment of TD were performed. Medical Subject Headings (MESH) terms used were calcium-channel blockers, tardive dyskinesia, nifedipine, verapamil, and diltiazem. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION Relevant case reports, open trials, and controlled studies reporting on the efficacy of calcium-channel blockers for treating TD are reviewed. Appropriate conclusions are drawn from the data and guidelines are suggested for the practitioner. Data Synthesis Studies addressing the efficacy of calcium-channel blockers in the palliative treatment of TD have yielded mixed results. Positive findings have been reported for nifedipine, verapamil, and diltiazem; nifedipine may be the most efficacious treatment and diltiazem the least. It appears that patients with TD who can tolerate higher doses of calcium-channel blockers may respond more favorably to treatment. Patient characteristics that may help determine a better response to treatment with calcium-channel blockers include advanced age and more-severe TD. Conclusions To determine the efficacy of calcium-channel blockers in the treatment of TD, additional data are needed from double-blind, placebo-controlled studies with larger sample sizes and longer durations of treatment. Until these data are available, calcium-channel blockers should be considered potentially useful therapy for the heretofore unresponsive TD.
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Bo, Simona, Maurizio Fadda, Debora Fedele, Marianna Pellegrini, Ezio Ghigo, and Nicoletta Pellegrini. "A Critical Review on the Role of Food and Nutrition in the Energy Balance." Nutrients 12, no. 4 (April 22, 2020): 1161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12041161.
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The mass media has increasingly frequently suggested to the general population that specific foods or nutritional schemes are able to affect both human metabolism and energy expenditure, thus facilitating weight loss. This critical review is aimed at assessing available evidence on the roles of nutrients, food and dietary regimens in energy intake and energy expenditure. We queried the National Library of Medicine, the Cochrane Library, Excerpta Medica dataBASEand the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature database, and a search strategy was performed by using database-specific subject headings and keywords. We found that available scientific evidence on these topics is scarce, and that the limited number of available studies often have poor methodological quality. Only a few foods show beneficial effects on metabolism and energy expenditure, as the human energy balance is complex and multifactorial. Finally, microbiota may interfere with the intake, use and expenditure of energy in the human body. Conclusive evidence is still lacking, and, at present, it is not possible to identify a food or a diet with a significant impact on human energy expenditure.
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Deshpande, Abhishek, Vinay Pasupuleti, Priyaleela Thota, Chaitanya Pant, David D. K. Rolston, Adrian V. Hernandez, Curtis J. Donskey, and Thomas G. Fraser. "Risk Factors for Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 36, no. 4 (January 28, 2015): 452–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2014.88.
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OBJECTIVEAn estimated 20–30% of patients with primary Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) develop recurrent CDI (rCDI) within 2 weeks of completion of therapy. While the actual mechanism of recurrence remains unknown, a variety of risk factors have been suggested and studied. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate current evidence on the risk factors for rCDI.DESIGNWe searched MEDLINE and 5 other databases for subject headings and text related to rCDI. All studies investigating risk factors of rCDI in a multivariate model were eligible. Information on study design, patient population, and assessed risk factors were collected. Data were combined using a random-effects model and pooled relative risk ratios (RRs) were calculated.RESULTSA total of 33 studies (n=18,530) met the inclusion criteria. The most frequent independent risk factors associated with rCDI were age≥65 years (risk ratio [RR], 1.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.24–2.14; P=.0005), additional antibiotics during follow-up (RR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.52–2.05; P<.00001), use of proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) (RR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.13–2.21; P=.008), and renal insufficiency (RR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.14–2.23; P=.007). The risk was also greater in patients previously on fluoroquinolones (RR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.28–1.57; P<.00001).CONCLUSIONSMultiple risk factors are associated with the development of rCDI. Identification of modifiable risk factors and judicious use of antibiotics and PPI can play an important role in the prevention of rCDI.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015;00(0): 1–9
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Pastor, Rosario, and Josep A. Tur. "Liraglutide for the Treatment of Obesity: Analyzing Published Reviews." Current Pharmaceutical Design 25, no. 15 (August 19, 2019): 1783–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612825666190701155737.
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Background: Several drugs have been currently approved for the treatment of obesity. The pharmacokinetic of liraglutide, as well as the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, have been widely described. Objective: To analyze the published systematic reviews on the use of liraglutide for the treatment of obesity. Methods: Systematic reviews were found out through MEDLINE searches, through EBSCO host and the Cochrane Library based on the following terms: "liraglutide" as major term and using the following Medical Subject Headings (MesH) terms: "obesity", "overweight", "weight loss". A total of 3 systematic reviews were finally included to be analyzed. Results: From the three systematic reviews selected, only two included the randomized clinical trials, while the third study reviewed both randomized and non-randomized clinical trials. Only one review performed statistical tests of heterogeneity and a meta-analysis, combining the results of individual studies. Another review showed the results of individual studies with odds ratio and confidence interval, but a second one just showed the means and confidence intervals. In all studies, weight loss was registered in persons treated with liraglutide in a dose dependent form, reaching a plateau at 3.0 mg dose, which was reached just in men. Most usual adverse events were gastrointestinal. Conclusion: More powerful and prospective studies are needed to assess all aspects related to liraglutide in the overweight and obesity treatment.
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Bohm, Victoria, Diane Lacaille, Nicole Spencer, and Claire EH Barber. "Scoping review of balanced scorecards for use in healthcare settings: development and implementation." BMJ Open Quality 10, no. 3 (July 2021): e001293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjoq-2020-001293.
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ObjectiveBalanced scorecards (BSCs) were developed in the early 1990s in corporate settings as a strategic performance management tool that emphasised measurement from multiple perspectives. Since their introduction, BSCs have been adapted for a variety of industries, including to healthcare settings. The aim of this scoping review was to describe the application of BSCs in healthcare.MethodsMedline, Embase and CINHAL databases were searched using keywords and medical subject headings for ‘balanced scorecard’ and related terms from 1992 to 17/04/2020. Title and abstract screening and full text review were conducted in duplicate by two reviewers. Studies describing the development and/or implementation of a BSC in a healthcare setting were included. Data were abstracted using pilot-tested forms and reviewed for key themes and findings.Results8129 records were identified and 841 underwent a full text review. 87 articles were included. Over 26 countries were represented and the majority of BSCs were applied at a local level (54%) in hospital settings (41%). While almost all discussed Kaplan and Norton’s original BSC (97%), only 69% described alignment with a strategic plan. Patients/family members were rarely involved in development teams (3%) which typically were comprised of senior healthcare leaders/administrators. Only 21% of BSCs included perspectives using identical formatting to the original BSC description. Lessons learnt during development addressed three main themes: scorecard design, stakeholder engagement and feasibility.ConclusionsBSC frameworks have been used in various healthcare settings but frequently undergo adaptation from the original description in order to suit a specific healthcare context. Future BSCs should aim to include patients/families to promote patient-centred healthcare systems. Considering the heterogeneity evident in development approaches, methodological guidance in this area is warranted.
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Odokonyero, Raymond Felix, Moses Ocan, Alison Annet Kinengyere, Noeline Nakasujja, Wilson W. Muhwezi, Carol S. Camlin, and JA Hahn. "Prevalence of, and factors associated with, alcohol use disorder among young adults (aged 15–24 years) living with HIV/AIDS in low-income and middle-income countries: protocol for a systematic review." BMJ Open 13, no. 1 (January 2023): e068108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-068108.
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IntroductionAlcohol use is a global driver of HIV infection and disease progression, mediated through risky behaviour and poor antiretroviral adherence. Most studies about the burden of alcohol use among people living with HIV (PLWH)/AIDS have been done in adult populations, but less is known about young people with HIV, especially in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), despite the high level of alcohol use in these settings. The aim of this review is to collate evidence on the prevalence of, and factors associated with, alcohol use disorder (AUD) among young adults (aged 15–24 years) living with HIV/AIDS in LMICs.Methods and analysisTwo experienced librarians will conduct an independent article search in PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase and Web of Science databases, using relevant Medical Subject Headings terms and Boolean operators (‘AND’, ‘OR’). We will include English-language articles that were published in peer-reviewed journals from 1 January 2000, to 25 July 2022, that documented the prevalence of AUD among young people (15–24 years) living with HIV in LMICs. We shall exclude systematic review articles and qualitative studies. Two independent reviewers will screen the articles for eligibility and data will be extracted onto a preset Excel spreadsheet. Data analysis will be done using Stata V.14.0. Heterogeneity will be assessed by use of theI2statistic and data will be pooled in meta-analyses where appropriate. Publication bias will be assessed using the funnel plot.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not needed as this systematic review will be based on published studies. Findings from this study will be disseminated via submission for publication in a peer-reviewed journal, at conference presentations, and made available to health professionals, scientists and policy makers. Our data set can be made available on request.Registration detailsPROSPERO, CRD42022308955
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Casale, Manuele, Antonio Moffa, Paola Vella, Lorenzo Sabatino, Francesco Capuano, Beatrice Salvinelli, Michele Antonio Lopez, Francesco Carinci, and Fabrizio Salvinelli. "Hyaluronic acid: Perspectives in dentistry. A systematic review." International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology 29, no. 4 (July 7, 2016): 572–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0394632016652906.
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To date, topical therapies guarantee a better delivery of high concentrations of pharmacologic agents to the soft periodontal tissue, gingiva, and periodontal ligament as well as to the hard tissue such as alveolar bone and cementum. Topical hyaluronic acid (HA) has recently been recognized as an adjuvant treatment for chronic inflammatory disease in addition to its use to improve healing after dental procedures. The aim of our work was to systematically review the published literature about potential effects of HA as an adjuvant treatment for chronic inflammatory disease, in addition to its use to improve healing after common dental procedures. Relevant published studies were found in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Ovid using a combined keyword search or medical subject headings. At the end of our study selection process, 25 relevant publications were included, three of them regarding gingivitis, 13 of them relating to chronic periodontitis, seven of them relating to dental surgery, including implant and sinus lift procedures, and the remaining three articles describing oral ulcers. Not only does topical administration of HA play a pivotal key role in the postoperative care of patients undergoing dental procedures, but positive results were also generally observed in all patients with chronic inflammatory gingival and periodontal disease and in patients with oral ulcers.
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Lam, Ching, Madison Milne-Ives, Richard Harrington, Anant Jani, Michelle Helena van Velthoven, Tracey Harding, and Edward Meinert. "Internet of things–Enabled technologies as an intervention for childhood obesity: A systematic review." PLOS Digital Health 1, no. 4 (April 7, 2022): e0000024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pdig.0000024.
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Childhood obesity is one of the most serious public health challenges of the 21st century, with consequences lasting into adulthood. Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled devices have been studied and deployed for monitoring and tracking diet and physical activity of children and adolescents as well as a means of providing remote, ongoing support to children and their families. This review aimed to identify and understand current advances in the feasibility, system designs, and effectiveness of IoT-enabled devices to support weight management in children. We searched Medline, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest Central and the IEEE Xplore Digital Library for studies published after 2010 using a combination of keywords and subject headings related to health activity tracking, weight management, youth and Internet of Things. The screening process and risk of bias assessment were conducted in accordance with a previously published protocol. Quantitative analysis was conducted for IoT-architecture related findings and qualitative analysis was conducted for effectiveness-related measures. Twenty-three full studies are included in this systematic review. The most used devices were smartphone/mobile apps (78.3%) and physical activity data (65.2%) from accelerometers (56.5%) were the most commonly tracked data. Only one study embarked on machine learning and deep learning methods in the service layer. Adherence to IoT-based approaches was low but game-based IoT solutions have shown better effectiveness and could play a pivotal role in childhood obesity interventions. Researcher-reported effectiveness measures vary greatly amongst studies, highlighting the importance for improved development and use of standardised digital health evaluation frameworks.