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1
Subjects on display: Psychoanalysis, social expectation, and Victorian femininity. Athens: Ohio University Press, 2004.
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2
Mittel, Louis Buchalter. Efficient Estimation of the Expectation of a Latent Variable in the Presence of Subject-Specific Ancillaries. [New York, N.Y.?]: [publisher not identified], 2017.
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3
E, Snow Catherine, ed. Unfulfilled expectations: Home and school influences on literacy. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1991.
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4
Schneider, Jörg, and Ton Vrouwenvelder. Introduction to safety and reliability of structures. 3rd ed. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed005.
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<p>Society expects that buildings and other structures are safe for the people who use them or who are near them. The failure of a building or structure is expected to be an extremely rare event. Thus, society implicitly relies on the expertise of the professionals involved in the planning, design, construction, operation and maintenance of the structures it uses.<p>Structural engineers devote all their effort to meeting society’s expectations effi ciently. Engineers and scientists work together to develop solutions to structural problems. Given that nothing is absolutely and eternally safe, the goal is to attain an acceptably small probability of failure for a structure, a facility, or a situation. Reliability analysis is part of the science and practice of engineering today, not only with respect to the safety of structures, but also for questions of serviceability and other requirements of technical systems that might be impacted by some probability.<p>The present volume takes a rather broad approach to safety and reliability in Structural Engineering. It treats the underlying concepts of safety, reliability and risk and introduces the reader in a fi rst chapter to the main concepts and strategies for dealing with hazards. The next chapter is devoted to the processing of data into information that is relevant for applying reliability theory. Two following chapters deal with the modelling of structures and with methods of reliability analysis. Another chapter focuses on problems related to establishing target reliabilities, assessing existing structures, and on effective strategies against human error. The last chapter presents an outlook to more advanced applications. The Appendix supports the application of the methods proposed and refers readers to a number of related computer programs.<p>This book is aimed at both students and practicing engineers. It presents the concepts and procedures of reliability analysis in a straightforward, understandable way, making use of simple examples, rather than extended theoretical discussion. It is hoped that this approach serves to advance the application of safety and reliability analysis in engineering practice.<p>The book is amended with a free access to an educational version of a Variables Processor computer program. FreeVaP can be downloaded free of charge and supports the understanding of the subjects treated in this book.
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Goldberg, Sanford C. General Expectations I. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198793670.003.0006.
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The notion of epistemic responsibility that emerges from Chapters 1–4 is a minimalist one: a subject is responsible in this sense so long as she forms her beliefs in a way that avoids bald incoherence with her background beliefs. In Chapter 5 the author argues that knowledge itself requires a more substantial kind of epistemic responsibility, and goes on to account for that sort of responsibility. It pursues the idea that epistemic responsibility in this more robust sense is a matter of satisfying the general expectations others are entitled to have of one as an epistemic subject. The author argues that these expectations derive from our social practices, and their legitimacy reflects the legitimacy of those practices.
6
Hemphill, Lowry, and Irene F. Goodman. Unfulfilled Expectations. Harvard University Press, 2014.
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7
Brown, Matthew H. Indirect Subjects. Duke University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/9781478021506.
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In Indirect Subjects, Matthew H. Brown analyzes the content of the prolific Nigerian film industry's mostly direct-to-video movies alongside local practices of production and circulation to show how screen media play spatial roles in global power relations. Scrutinizing the deep structural and aesthetic relationship between Nollywood, as the industry is known, and Nigerian state television, Brown tracks how several Nollywood films, in ways similar to both state television programs and colonial cinema productions, invite local spectators to experience liberal capitalism not only as a form of exploitation but as a set of expectations about the future. This mode of address, which Brown refers to as “periliberalism,” sustains global power imbalances by locating viewers within liberalism but distancing them from its processes and benefits. Locating the wellspring of this hypocrisy in the British Empire's practice of indirect rule, Brown contends that culture industries like Nollywood can sustain capitalism by isolating ordinary African people, whose labor and consumption fuel it, from its exclusive privileges.
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Brown, Alexander. On the Legitimacy of Expectations. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198812753.003.0002.
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Section I identifies the weaknesses in existing accounts which locate the legitimacy of expectations in underpinning laws and legal entitlements (the Law-Based Account), in the substantive justice of expectations and/or the justice of the basic structure which forms the background to expectations (the Justice-Based Account), or in the legitimacy of the governing agencies and political authorities whose acts and omissions are both the cause and the subject of expectations (the Legitimate Authority-Based Account). Section II introduces a rival account, the Responsibility-Based Account, according to which the legitimacy of expectations depends on the responsibility of governmental administrative agencies for bringing about agent’s expectations, allied to those agencies already having been given or having assumed a role responsibility for making binding decisions affecting the important interests of agents. Finally, Section III expounds in more detail the complex theory of responsibility that undergirds the Responsibility-Based Account.
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Hadfield, Andrew. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789468.003.0001.
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There were few subjects that animated people in early modern Europe more than lying. The subject is endlessly represented and discussed in literature; treatises on rhetoric and courtiership; theology, philosophy, and jurisprudence; travel writing; pamphlets and news books; science and empirical observation; popular culture, especially books about strange, unexplained phenomena; and, of course, legal discourse. For many, lying could be controlled and limited even if not eradicated; for others, lying was a necessary element of a casuistical tradition, liars balancing complicated issues and short-term pragmatic considerations in the expectation of solving more problems than they caused through their deceit....
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Chandler, Jean, Catherine E. Snow, Wendy S. Barnes, Lowry Hemphill, and Irene F. Goodman. Unfulfilled Expectations: Home and School Influences on Literacy. Harvard University Press, 1991.
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11
Snow, Catherine E., Wendy S. Barnes, Lowry Hemphill, Jean Chandler, and Irene F. Goodman. Unfulfilled Expectations: Home and School Influences on Literacy. Harvard University Press, 1991.
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12
Human Desires and Life Expectations Including Views of the Future: Index of New Information With Authors & Subjects. Abbe Pub Assn of Washington Dc, 1993.
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13
Align, Access Achieve LLC Staff. AAA the Common Core: Clarifying Expectations for Teachers and Students. Literacy Science & Technical Subjects, Grades 6-8. McGraw-Hill Education, 2011.
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14
Align, Access, Achieve, LLC Staff. Clarifying Expectations for Teachers and Students: Literacy in History/Social Studies, Science and Technical Subjects, Grades 11-12. McGraw-Hill Education, 2011.
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15
Andres, Barry Clevis. Human Desires and Life Expectations Including Views of the Future: Index of New Information With Authors and Subjects. Abbe Pub Assn of Washington Dc, 1993.
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16
Haddad, Youssef A. Subject-Oriented Attitude Datives in Social Context. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474434072.003.0005.
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The focus of this chapter is on Levantine Arabic attitude datives that take the subject of the construction in which they occur as a referent. The chapter analyzes specific instances of subject-oriented attitude datives as used in different types of social acts. It shows that when a speaker uses these datives in representatives (i.e., statements that may be assessed as true or false), she expresses an evaluative attitude toward an event as either unimportant/trivial or unexpected/surprising, based on her familiarity with the subject of that event and her expectations of that subject. When a speaker uses the same datives in directives (e.g., requests), she evaluates the potential cost of the action required by her utterance as minimal compared to any potential gain. All social functions are contingent on contextual factors, including the sociocultural, situational, and co-textual context.
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Goldberg, Sanford C. Conversational Pressure. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198856436.001.0001.
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This book aims to explore the scope, sources, and nature of the normative expectations that are generated by participants in speech exchanges. Such expectations, I argue, are warranted by the performance of speech acts: the performance of these acts entitles an audience to expect certain things of the speaker, even as these performances also entitle the speaker to expect certain things of her audience. The account I propose postulates two fundamental types of normativity involved in these expectations: epistemic normativity, wherein subjects are expected to live up to certain epistemological standards, whether in the production of or in the reaction to speech acts; and interpersonal normativity, wherein subjects are expected to live up to certain standards of interpersonal conduct (including but not limited to the standards of ethics). In the course of defending the account, the book explores such topics as the normative significance of acts of address, the epistemic costs of politeness, the bearing of epistemic injustice on the epistemology of testimony, the normative pressure friendship exerts on belief, the nature of epistemic trust, the significance of conversational silence, and the evils of silencing.
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Goldberg, Sanford C. To the Best of Our Knowledge. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198793670.001.0001.
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We expect certain things of each other as epistemic subjects, and it is the normativity of these expectations that underwrites the normativity of epistemic assessment itself. In developing this claim Sanford C. Goldberg aims to honor the insights of both internalist and externalist approaches to epistemic justification. With the internalist he embraces the idea that knowledgeable belief requires belief that is formed and maintained in an epistemically responsible fashion; with the externalist he embraces the idea that knowledgeable belief requires belief that is formed and sustained through a reliable process. In this book Goldberg proposes to marry these two dimensions into a single account of the standards of epistemic assessment. This marriage reflects our profound and ineliminable dependence on one another for what we know of the world—a dependence which is rationalized by the expectations we are entitled to have of one another as epistemic subjects. The expectations in question are those through which we hold each other accountable to standards of both (epistemic) reliability and (epistemic) responsibility. The resulting theory has far-reaching implications not only for the theory of epistemic normativity, but also for our understanding of epistemic defeat, the theory of epistemic responsibility, and for a full appreciation of the various social dimensions of knowledge.
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Pasnau, Robert. Evident Certainties. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198801788.003.0002.
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What exactly is epistemology? As fundamental to philosophy as this subject has become, it is surprisingly unclear what it is centrally about. This lecture explains how our modern conception of epistemology grew out of the decline of scholasticism. Descartes is identified as the last great champion of the expectation of certainty, and Locke and other English authors are taken to be the vanguard of a new expectation, founded in mere moral certainty and the proportioning of belief to evidence. This development is traced back to John Buridan in the fourteenth century and then traced forward to the rise of epistemology in its current sense, with its focus on justification.
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Eisenberg, Melvin A. The Principle of Substantial Performance. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199731404.003.0051.
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Chapter 51 concerns the principle of substantial performance. Suppose a promisor has committed a breach but has substantially performed the contract. Under the principle of substantial performance the promisor can recover expectation damages, subject to an offset for damages resulting from the breach. There are good reasons for this rule. If the parties had addressed the issue when the contract was made, it is unlikely they would have agreed that any imperfection in performance, no matter how immaterial, would bar a suit for expectation damages. Indeed, in the case of complex performances it is often virtually impossible to render a performance that is completely defect-free, and minor defects can ordinarily be cured either by the promisor or by a third party at the promisor’s expense. The principle of substantial performance is the law, apart from a limited exception concerning contracts for the sale of goods.
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Kagan, Jerome. Five Constraints on Predicting Behavior. The MIT Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262036528.001.0001.
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Scientists were unable to study the relation of brain to mind until the invention of technologies that measured the brain activity accompanying psychological processes. Yet even with these new tools, conclusions are tentative or simply wrong. This book describes five conditions that place serious constraints on the ability to predict mental or behavioral outcomes based on brain data: the setting in which evidence is gathered, the expectations of the subject, the source of the evidence that supports the conclusion, the absence of studies that examine patterns of causes with patterns of measures, and the habit of borrowing terms from psychology. The book describes the importance of context, and how the experimental setting—including the room, the procedure, and the species, age, and sex of both subject and examiner—can influence the conclusions. It explains how subject expectations affect all brain measures; considers why brain and psychological data often yield different conclusions; argues for relations between patterns of causes and outcomes rather than correlating single variables; and criticizes the borrowing of psychological terms to describe brain evidence. Brain sites cannot be in a state of “fear.” A deeper understanding of the brain's contributions to behavior, the book argues, requires investigators to acknowledge these five constraints in the design or interpretation of an experiment.
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Shepherd, Laura J. Women in UN Peacebuilding Discourse. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199982721.003.0004.
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This chapter explores the representation of women in UN peacebuilding discourse that the author has curated and outlines the various ways in which women are associated with, and determined as subjects by, peace and security practices. The chapter develops an analysis of women as victims of violence and the representation of women as “agents of change,” with particular reference to the constitution of women’s economic agency, and the construction of women as rights-bearing subjects upon whom various expectations are placed in the peacebuilding context. The author argues, ultimately, that the association of women with civil society, and the depoliticization of their roles as economic actors, even as great emphasis is placed on the centrality of women’s empowerment to peacebuilding success, function to heavily circumscribe women’s meaningful participation in peacebuilding.
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Ingram, Shelley, Willow G. Mullins, Todd Richardson, and Anand Prahlad. Implied Nowhere. University Press of Mississippi, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496822956.001.0001.
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Implied Nowhere: Absence in Folklore Studies talks about things folklorists don’t usually talk about. It ponders the tacit aspects of folklore and folklore studies, looking into the unarticulated expectations placed upon people whenever they talk about folklore and how those expectations necessarily affect the folklore they are talking about. The book’s chapters are wide-ranging in subject and style, yet they all orbit the idea that much of folklore, both as a phenomenon and as a field, hinges upon tacit or absent assumptions about who we are and what it is that we do. The authors articulate theories and methodologies for making sense of these absences, and, in the process, they offer critical new insights into discussions of race, authenticity, community, folklore and literature, popular culture, and scholarly authority. Taken as a whole, the book represents a new and challenging way of looking into the ways that groups come together to make meaning. In addition to the main chapters, the book also includes eight “interstitials,” shorter chapters that consider understudied and under-appreciated aspects of folklore. These discussions, which range from a consideration of knitting in public to the ways that invisibility shapes an internet meme to Bob Dylan, are presented as questions more than answers, encouraging readers to think about what folklore and folklore studies might look like if practitioners only chose to look at the subject from a slightly different angle.
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Kozelsky, Mara. Transformation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190644710.003.0011.
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The Crimean War was a watershed event in Russia; it transformed government and society and ushered in the Great Reforms. Russian subjects mobilized to support the home front came out of the war with an expectation of reciprocity; serfs wanted their freedom, while other social estates saw the potential of civil society. In Crimea and the larger province of Tauride, the war created profoundly negative change. Violence disassembled landscapes and altered topography. It remapped roads, and communication networks. War destroyed industry and agriculture. Most significantly, punitive civilian policies combined with the failure of recovery programs led the mass migration of Nogai and Crimean Tatars. The Russian government resettled Christian populations in the spaces vacated by emigrating Tatars and remade the distant borderland into its own image. Crimea never recovered from the Crimean War. Rather, mass scale violence transformed Crimea.
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Evans, G. R. ‘University’. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198827344.003.0006.
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This chapter addresses the need for a definition of ‘university’ in England. The lack of any comprehensive and consistent definition of a ‘university’ in the English tradition does not mean that trends and indications left no footprints. Certain norms have come and gone. Until the nineteenth century, there was no expectation that a university would be engaged in both teaching and ‘research’, though a level of advanced knowledge (‘scholarship’) was to be expected of university teachers. In its teaching, for many centuries, an English university offered a limited range of subjects. The expansion from the nineteenth century into scientific and ‘humanities’ studies — such as modern history and English language and literature and modern languages — led to in the late twentieth-century and twenty-first century, additions such as media studies and management studies and sports science.
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Schmidt, Vivien A. Europe's Crisis of Legitimacy. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797050.001.0001.
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Expectations are high regarding the potential benefits of public–private partnerships (PPPs) for infrastructure development in poor countries. The development community, led by the G20, the United Nations, and others, expects PPPs to help with “transformational” megaprojects as well as efforts to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). But PPPs have been widely used only since the 1990s. The discussion of PPPs is still dominated by best-practice guidance, academic studies that focus on developed countries, or ideological criticism. Meanwhile, practitioners have quietly accumulated a large body of empirical evidence on PPP performance. The purpose of this book is to summarize and consolidate what this critical mass of evidence-based research says about PPPs in low-income countries (LICs) and thereby develop a more realistic perspective on the practical value of these mechanisms. The focus of the book is on Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), home to most of the world’s poorest countries, although insights from other regions and more affluent developing countries are also included. Case studies of many of the best-known PPPs in Africa are used to illustrate these findings. This book demonstrates that PPPs have not met expectations in poor countries, and are only sustainable if many of the original defining characteristics of PPPs are changed. PPPs do have a small but meaningful role to play, but only if expectations remain modest and projects are subject to transparent evaluation and competition. Experiments with PPP mechanisms underway in some countries suggest ways in which PPPs may be evolving to better realize benefits in poor countries.
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Leigland, James. Public-Private Partnerships in Sub-Saharan Africa. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198861829.001.0001.
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Expectations are high regarding the potential benefits of public–private partnerships (PPPs) for infrastructure development in poor countries. The development community, led by the G20, the United Nations, and others, expects PPPs to help with “transformational” megaprojects as well as efforts to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). But PPPs have been widely used only since the 1990s. The discussion of PPPs is still dominated by best-practice guidance, academic studies that focus on developed countries, or ideological criticism. Meanwhile, practitioners have quietly accumulated a large body of empirical evidence on PPP performance. The purpose of this book is to summarize and consolidate what this critical mass of evidence-based research says about PPPs in low-income countries (LICs) and thereby develop a more realistic perspective on the practical value of these mechanisms. The focus of the book is on Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), home to most of the world’s poorest countries, although insights from other regions and more affluent developing countries are also included. Case studies of many of the best-known PPPs in Africa are used to illustrate these findings. This book demonstrates that PPPs have not met expectations in poor countries, and are only sustainable if many of the original defining characteristics of PPPs are changed. PPPs do have a small but meaningful role to play, but only if expectations remain modest and projects are subject to transparent evaluation and competition. Experiments with PPP mechanisms underway in some countries suggest ways in which PPPs may be evolving to better realize benefits in poor countries.
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Bennett, Kate. John Aubrey’s and Life-Writing. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935338.013.14.
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John Aubrey constructed an intimate and nonthreatening biographical persona, which allowed him to collect sensitive material about people in a politically turbulent period. He preserved documents and facts, but also anecdotes and “sayings,” as records of the human voice and the reputations of biographical subjects. He developed an expectation that comprehensive and factual biographical reference works were necessary, and that biography could be an aspect of social or historical knowledge. He wrote the lives of women and of those who were not privileged, rejecting the exemplary tradition and writing sympathetically about ordinary people. When writing the life of Hobbes, he disagreed with his collaborator, Dryden, about the nature of biography, which Dryden saw as a neoclassical rhetorical art, requiring the suppression of ignominious or inelegant facts and creation of a pantheon of eminence. Aubrey created a new form, fame for disillusioned times, with modern values and a respect for fact.
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Morey, Peter. Black British and British Asian Fiction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198749394.003.0029.
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This chapter explores some issues in black British and British Asian fiction since the 1980s. It shows certain key characteristics of the white British apprehension of those non-white imperial subjects who, after decolonization, were to arrive, in increasing numbers, on British shores. This chapter takes a sample of five writers — three women and two men — and explores those key recurring themes that give a unity to their otherwise very different novels. Through the work of Caryl Phillips, Andrea Levy, Zadie Smith, Hanif Kureishi, and Monica Ali, this chapter traces the persistence of issues of race and racism. The chapter also considers the importance of recuperating black history, the rise of identity politics, and the tenacity with which the gaze of the racial Other — whether white on black or black on white — fixes its object in the expectation of certain forms of limiting and supposedly ‘authentic’ behaviour.
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Anderson, Jill E. “The Element that Shaped Me, That I Shape by Being In”. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039805.003.0006.
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This chapter presents a reading of Margaret Atwood's Surfacing (1971) and The Edible Woman (1969). It argues that a fully feminist reading of these two novels must address how each contributes to the emerging discourse of queer ecology and to its examination of naturalization, or the process by which various behaviors, ideals, and conventions are accepted and legitimated, often to the detriment of their subjects. It employs the terms naturalized and natural in two distinct ways. First, it uses them as a means of identifying dictates and expectations that have shaped women and caused their oppression throughout specific historical periods. Second, it uses them to indicate the method by which Atwood reverses this primary process of naturalization in order to redefine the terms and construct feminist rebellion and consciousness-raising in the novels.
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Shepherd-Barr, Kirsten E. 3. Metatheatre and modernity. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199658770.003.0004.
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The period 1920–40 saw the flowering of high modernism, involving radical innovation and experimentation across literature and the arts including the theatre. Dramatists in these decades stretched audiences’ expectations and imaginations as never before, and introduced ever more daring subject matter and characterization. ‘Metatheatre and modernity’ discusses some of the key figures in modern drama, including Bertolt Brecht and Luigi Pirandello. Both playwrights wanted to provoke their audiences, but where Pirandello’s aesthetic was philosophically inclined, Brecht’s was informed by ideology, politics, and the desire to change society. This period also witnessed a surge of new plays by women—many dealing with feminist concerns—as well as the emergence of political theatre and surrealism.
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Churchill, Robert Paul. Moral Transformation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190468569.003.0008.
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This chapter and the next are about ending honor killing through moral transformations occurring within communities. The emphasis is on facilitating and curating reforms that community members come to willingly adopt as their own. Sociocultural norms, expectations, and conditions must be revised such that no one can conceive of honor killing as an honorable deed. Here the practicality of such an outcome is emphasized by examining four subjects. First, the formation by Badshah Khan of the Khudai Kidhmatgar into a nonviolent and service-based army among the Pathans demonstrates the possibility of transformation even among the fiercest of honor-bound peoples. Second, the chapter demonstrates the effectiveness of reframing honor and inducing cognitive dissonance, thereby separating killing from honorable behavior. Next, three existing honor–shame cultures in which honor killing is not practiced are examined as real alternatives. Finally, possibilities for nonviolent conflict resolution and peaceable costly signaling techniques are considered.
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Meyer, Elizabeth A. Evidence and Argument. Edited by Paul J. du Plessis, Clifford Ando, and Kaius Tuori. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198728689.013.21.
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The human qualities, types of arguments, and the varieties of evidence that brought victory in a Roman courtroom are the subject of long controversy. The argument offered here is that evidence was subordinated to argument in Roman legal practice and the common thread tying arguments in various types of cases together was personal prestige of a particularly Roman sort—auctoritas, dignitas, gravitas—ideally possessed by litigants, advocates, witnesses, and supporting onlookers. But inert prestige was ineffectual: prestige carried with it expectations of behaviour, and its possessors were required to activate its power by appropriate behaviour in court, which confirmed the truthfulness of what they said, and at the same time strictly avoid inappropriate behaviour, which lessened or obliterated the power of their prestige.
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Catherine A, Rogers. Part II Staking Out Theoretical Boundaries and Building the Regime, 7 Ariadne’s Thread and the Functional Thesis. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198713203.003.0008.
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This chapter discusses the ‘Functional Thesis’ posited as the underlying theory uniting the concepts discussed in previous chapters regarding the implementation of ethical self-regulation. The Functional Thesis labours under the presumption that acting upon ethical obligations are dependent upon the role of the agent; it assigns ‘functional roles’ to these agents that can create more flexible distinctions between identities presented in titles such as ‘lawyer’, ‘judge’, and so on. The ethical obligations presented in each role are subject to constant change as demanded by the procedural rules of international arbitration, yet a better understanding of these roles can lay the foundations for a code of conduct. And while these roles may shift to the whims of procedure, ethical expectations are, at least, constant over time.
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Tang, Jasmine Kar. “A Tennessean in an Unlikely Package”. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037832.003.0010.
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This chapter looks at the comedy and figure of Southern and Asian American entertainer Henry Cho. Cho's representation of his racial subjectivity reveals how he carefully manages others' expectations of him. The use of humor by a racialized subject in performance can mitigate discomfort about racial difference among mainstream white audiences. Thus, the stand-up comedy of Henry Cho presents an especially rich site of study when one considers how accents and jokes operate as markers and articulations of belonging. Moreover, Cho's comedy attest to the challenges in pulling away from the “pernicious either/or habit common in the formation of imagined communities” especially in constructions of the South, as they push for ways “to talk about region without talking about essential identities or ‘heritage.’”
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Hawkins, Stan. Aesthetics and Hyperembodiment in Pop Videos. Edited by John Richardson, Claudia Gorbman, and Carol Vernallis. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199733866.013.002.
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This article appears in theOxford Handbook of New Audiovisual Aestheticsedited by John Richardson, Claudia Gorbman, and Carol Vernallis. This chapter uses textual analysis of the music video “Umbrella,” featuring Rihanna, to demonstrate the intricacies of sound and image synchronization. It argues that music highlights subject positions according to the viewer’s expectations, assessment, and understanding of the displayed subject. Rihanna’s erotic imagery forms a critical point for contemplating the pop artist’s physical responses to music. One central ingredient of most video performances is disclosed by the suggestive positioning of the gendered body, which extends far beyond everyday experience. Such notions are theorized through aspects of hyperembodiment and hypersexuality, wherein the technological constructedness of the body constitutes a prime part of video production. The aesthetics of performance are predicated on the reassemblance of the body audiovisually. Editing, production, and technology shape the images, which are stimulated by musical sound, and ultimately the audiovisual flow in pop videos mediates a range of conventions that say much about our ever-evolving cultural domains.
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Pepp, Jessica. Truth Serum, Liar Serum, and Some Problems about Saying What You Think Is False. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198743965.003.0003.
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This chapter investigates the conflict between thought and speech that is inherent in lying: the conflict of saying what you think is false. Traditionally, this is analyzed in terms of saying something and believing that it is false. But cases of unconscious or divided belief challenge these analyses. Amendments involving assent instead of belief fare no better. Attempts to save these analyses by appeal to guises or modes of presentation will also run into trouble. Alternative approaches to untruthfulness are considered. Two new kinds of case are introduced, “truth serum” and “liar serum” cases. Consideration of these cases reveals structural problems with intention- and expectation-based approaches also. The cases suggest that saying what you think is false, or being untruthful, is no less difficult and interesting a subject for analysis than lying itself. The discussion illuminates how the study of lying intertwines with issues in the nature of intentional action.
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Pechter, Edward. The Romantic Inheritance. Edited by Michael Neill and David Schalkwyk. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198724193.013.4.
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The romantics invested heavily in Shakespeare’s tragedies but less in Shakespearean tragedy, which belonged to the old dispensation: conventional rules fulfilling generic expectations. If Shakespeare’s ‘different genus’ demanded a ‘new word’, Coleridge’s candidate, ‘romantic Poetry’, was, like Schlegel’s ‘romantische Poesie’, disconnected from any established determinate kind. The romantics were sceptical about ethical norms no less than about aesthetic ones—hence their special attraction to Hamlet, whose protagonist, faced with exhausted traditions, had to find new ways of being in the world. Hence also their emphasis on individualized subjectivity. In Hegel, ‘the greatness of the characters’ central to Shakespeare and modernity supplants the objective structure of ‘world-governing’ authority on which Greek tragedy was based. But the romantics do more than swap one topic for another. In their most durable legacy, they shift from thematic content to interpretive experience, from textual and theatrical objects to the efforts required of subjects to engage them.
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Lee, Jongkyung. Zion should receive the outcasts of Moab (Isaiah 16:1–4a). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198816768.003.0005.
Full textAbstract:
In this chapter, the results of a comparative study of the two parallel texts Isa 15-16 and Jer 48, together with the contrasts in style and subject matter between Isa 16:1-5 and the surrounding poem, suggest that 16:1-5 was not part of the original poem about Moab. The sudden 1st person YHWH speech in 15:9b and the clear example of reapplication of an older oracle in 16:13-14 came from one editor sometime during the Neo-Babylonian period before Moab ceased to be a meaningful political force, who understood the original poem to have been in two parts. 16:4b-5 is characterized as an expectation for a future priestly Davidic Messiah, a hope which was more common in the post-exilic period, and it is in 16:1-4a that the vision of 14:1-2 is found to have been applied to the oracle against Moab.
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Ghalambor, Ali, Syed A. Ali, and W. David Norman, eds. Frac Packing Handbook. Society of Petroleum EngineersRichardson, Texas, USA, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/9781555631376.
Full textAbstract:
Frac-packing procedures have advanced significantly since the 1990s, and engineers are in need of a go-to reference book on the subject. The Frac Packing Handbook is a comprehensive collection of technical materials that covers the most basic to the most highly advanced issues in frac-pack operations. The Handbook consists of 20 chapters to assist practitioners in selecting well candidates; frac-pack job design, preparation, and procedure; treatment execution; post-frac-pack treatment analysis; production expectation and evaluation; case histories; quality control; and emerging technologies. Because a properly designed and executed frac-pack job can improve cash flow, industry technical personnel can use this book to assist in improving profits. Additionally, the reader will learn the nuts and bolts of frac-pack technology applications as they are applied around the world. This practical book is intended for completion, production, and reservoir engineers, both highly experienced practitioners and those who are just beginning to deal with this expanding technology.
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Kornicki, Peter Francis. Primers, Medical Texts, and Other Works. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797821.003.0011.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter follows on from Chapters 8 and 9, which were devoted to Buddhist and Confucian texts, and applies a similar analysis to a variety of other texts with a focus on those that were subjected to a process of vernacularization. The first genre discussed is that of primers, which initially existed solely to teach the young the elements of Sinitic. Second, medical texts are examined in some depth, for the botanic and linguistic diversity of East Asia necessitated the production of glossaries giving the local names for plants appearing in Chinese pharmacopoeia and later the development of local pharmacopoeia based on locally available plants. Third, conduct books for women are taken up, for the different expectations of women in East Asian societies made Chinese imports unsuitable. Subsequently, a Tang-dynasty manual of statecraft, a manual of forensic medicine, Chinese vernacular fiction, and books about the West are discussed.
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Eldridge, Richard. “A Danger at Present Unperceived”. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190689414.003.0005.
Full textAbstract:
Philosophers concerned with self-understanding have often conceived of it as either a matter of immediate, unchallengeable introspective awareness or as a matter of gathering evidence about oneself scientifically and impersonally. In contrast, Gilbert Ryle rightly understood self-understanding as knowledge of one’s own commitments, desires, beliefs, wishes, and fears––all things that one has some share in forming and can to some extent alter. What Ryle misses or underplays, however, is the extent to which the forming and revising of commitments, desires, beliefs, wishes, and fears are also social processes, as agents-in-formation are subject to the gazes, expectations, and evaluations of others. Jane Austen grasped all this very well, and in Emma she gives us a picture of Emma’s partial, emotion-laden, and socially inflected—but also genuine—achievement of self-understanding from which we might do well to learn.
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Pritchard-Pink, Nicola. Dibdin and Jane Austen. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198812425.003.0008.
Full textAbstract:
Jane Austen was one of Dibdin’s greatest admirers and his songs feature prominently in her music collection. Yet the Dibdin songs she owned, with their bawdy comedy, political and social satire, and martial, masculine themes, were far removed from the musical diet prescribed for young ladies of Austen’s rank by conduct writers. Indeed, they were quite different from those advocated by Dibdin himself in his tract on the musical education of young girls, the Musical Mentor (1808), which suggested songs on ‘Constancy’, ‘A Portrait of Innocence’, or ‘Vanity Reproved’ as more suitable subject matter. By highlighting the contrasts between contemporary expectations of female performance and the contents of Austen’s collection, this interlude presents domestic musical performance less as an instrument of control and more as a means by which women could express themselves and participate in the world beyond the bounds of home, family, and conduct-book femininity.
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Firth, John, Christopher Conlon, and Timothy Cox, eds. Oxford Textbook of Medicine. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198746690.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
The Oxford Textbook of Medicine is published online and has been regularly updated for many years, but the production of a new and very substantially updated edition provides a moment when it is natural and proper to reflect on what has changed in Medicine—and what has not—in recent years. The sixth edition of the textbook considers exactly what modern medicine has to offer patients and their doctors. Advances in biomedical sciences, the broader context of health and disease, patients and their expectations, and access to medical knowledge are some of the key areas examined in detail among the 30 sections of the book. Sections include introductory sections on patients and their treatment, background to medicine, cell biology, and immunological mechanisms, as well as more subject-specific sections such as infectious diseases, neurological disorders, cardiovascular disorders, rheumatology, and the kidney, as well as many more.
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Ückert, Sandra, Hasan Sürgit, and Gerd Diesel, eds. Digitalisierung als Erfolgsfaktor für das Sozial- und Wohlfahrtswesen. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783748903604.
Full textAbstract:
Today, the trend towards digitalisation has become commonplace everywhere and is changing expectations and goals. Organisations involved in welfare management and the social economy are having to take this development into account as far as their resources and above all their employees are concerned. More than ever, it is becoming clear that digitalisation no longer represents a future trend but is dominating the present, as its effects can already be observed in companies and organisations or in welfare management and the social economy and beyond. The diverse and testing challenges posed by digitalisation are clear. This publication emphasises the importance of dealing with this complex subject comprehensively and, so to speak, systematically in tandem with an experienced-based focus. With contributions by et al, Bernd Blöbaum | Thomas Breyer-Mayländer | Hartmut Kopf | Helmut Kreidenweis | Martin W. Schnell | Hasan Sürgit | Bastian Pelka | Sandra Ückert | Dietmar Wolff
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Manne, Kate. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190604981.003.0001.
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Considers three cases in which we not only need to name a problem to do justice to girls and women, but in which male dominance is actively tied to blocking and preempting the term’s usage, or rewriting her mind to engineer agreement (known as “gaslighting”). Introduces the practices of silencing—in particular, “testimonial smothering”—theorized by the philosopher Kristie Dotson as a way of understanding what is at stake in analyzing terms such as “strangulation” versus “choking,” “rape,” and, it is subsequently argued, “misogyny.” Clarifies the book’s aims, methods, limitations, and notable omissions. Goes on to introduce a way of thinking about the logic of misogyny in functional terms—and hence, in this case, political ones. On the ensuing account, misogyny is a system that serves to enforce and police gendered norms and expectations to which groups of girls and women are subject under historically patriarchal orders, given the intersection between patriarchal forces with other systemic forms of domination and disadvantage, oppression and vulnerability.
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Doyle, William. Introduction. Edited by William Doyle. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199291205.013.0001.
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The idea of the Ancien Régime can be traced back to the French Revolution. As soon as it became clear, during the summer of 1788, that the structure and apparatus of authority in France was collapsing, people began to look forward to an era of change. Suddenly, it seemed, all their dreams of a better, juster, fairer, kinder, freer order of things might be made to come true. Nothing was exempt from these expectations, and they were only fanned in the spring of 1789 when all the King's subjects, prior to electing the Estates-General, which was expected to solve all the kingdom's problems, were invited to draw up lists of their grievances. Much of the Ancien Régime as the revolutionaries defined it is still accepted by historians as a meaningful framework for study. Revolutionary destruction sliced like a guillotine through its fabric, and exposed for posterity a vivid cross-section or snapshot of how things were before the cataclysm struck. But in condemning the Ancien Régime to death so comprehensively, the revolutionaries tended to erase the memory of its previous life, bequeathing a static version of the world before their own emergence which denied it vitality.
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Cobb, Hannah, and Karina Croucher. Assembling Archaeology. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198784258.001.0001.
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This book provides a radical rethinking of the relationships between teaching, researching, digging, and practicing as an archaeologist in the twenty-first century. The issues addressed here are global and are applicable wherever archaeology is taught, practiced, and researched. In short, this book is applicable to everyone from academia to cultural resource management (CRM), from heritage professional to undergraduate student. At its heart, it addresses the undervaluation of teaching, demonstrating that this affects the fundamentals of contemporary archaeological practice, and is particularly connected to the lack of diversity in disciplinary demographics. It proposes a solution which is grounded in a theoretical rethinking of our teaching, training, and practice. Drawing upon the insights from archaeology’s current material turn, and particularly Deleuze and Guattari’s concept of assemblages, this volume turns the discipline of archaeology into the subject of investigation, considering the relationships between teaching, practice, and research. It offers a new perspective which prompts a rethinking of our expectations and values with regard to teaching, training, and doing archaeology, and ultimately argues that we are all constantly becoming archaeologists.
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Meade, Rosie, and Mae Shaw, eds. Arts, Culture and Community Development. Policy Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447340508.001.0001.
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This edited collection profiles the sites and subjects of arts practices in different geographical contexts, including Hong Kong and mainland China, India and Sri Lanka, Finland, Chile, Brazil, Lebanon, Mexico, the USA, Germany, Canada, the UK, and Ireland. Chapters capture how collective hopes, fears, allegiances, frustrations, and memories, are sung, danced, played, etched on walls, or conveyed through puppets and theatre. Contributors to the volume thus draw attention to some of the diverse ways that groups of people collectively make sense of, re-imagine or seek to change the personal, cultural, social, economic, political, or territorial conditions of their lives, while using the arts as their means and spaces of engagement. Across its chapters, the book explores a number of broad themes and questions. How can we conceptualise the relationship between community development and arts/cultural practice? What diverse forms does this relationship take in contemporary contexts? How do communities of people engage with, utilise, make sense of and through particular artforms and media? How can we understand the aesthetic and associated meanings of such engagements? How are the power dynamics related to authorship, resources, public recognition, and expectations of impact negotiated within community-based arts processes? How do economistic and neoliberal rationalities influence arts processes and programmes in community contexts? Together, the chapters also critically interrogate if, and how, dominant rationalities are being resisted and challenged through arts practices.
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Barker, Hannah, and David Hughes, eds. Business and Family in the North of England During the Early Industrial Revolution. British Academy, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197266700.001.0001.
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This volume of transcribed and annotated primary sources focuses on the lives of tradesmen and women in the northern ‘industrial’ and commercial towns of Leeds, Sheffield, Manchester and Liverpool between 1780 and 1832. It incorporates the correspondence of the Wilson family of Sheffield snuff manufacturers (1780-95); the memoir of a Liverpool baker, John Coleman (1797); the diary of George Heywood, a Manchester grocer (1809-15); and the letterbook of the Leeds milliner, Robert Ayrey (1832). Each of the four sets of primary materials contained in the book offers detailed insights into the domestic, familial, ‘personal’ and spiritual lives of their authors and their friends and relations, as well as shedding light on their business dealings and links with the wider communities in which they lived. It is unusual to find such intimate material from relatively modest middling men and women of this period extant, and the survival and publication of these documents provides us with rare vistas onto their experiences, expectations and anxieties. Although different in form, the sources in this volume fit together well due to their shared themes of business and family life, and their subjects’ broadly similar social status and urban settings. Moreover, the volume relates to a variety of current historical concerns including gender, domesticity, marital relations, women’s work and property, the family, urban society and business.